Refacto request class (#2373)

I split the code into more manageable chunks to make it more readable.
It's now easier to get a grasp on it. In the process, I tried to use
the yoda style notation to avoid unintentional variable assignement.
I also tried to exit early to avoid many "if" levels.

I have also added a better way to handle headers and a way to extract
languages from the request. It will be easier to choose which language
to use for i18n.
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