LocalAI/docs/content/features/GPU-acceleration.md

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This page covers how to use LocalAI with GPU acceleration across different hardware vendors. For container image tags and registry details, see [Container Images]({{%relref "getting-started/container-images" %}}). For memory management with multiple GPU-accelerated models, see [VRAM Management]({{%relref "advanced/vram-management" %}}).

Automatic Backend Detection

When you install a model from the gallery (or a YAML file), LocalAI intelligently detects the required backend and your system's capabilities, then downloads the correct version for you. Whether you're running on a standard CPU, an NVIDIA GPU, an AMD GPU, or an Intel GPU, LocalAI handles it automatically.

For advanced use cases or to override auto-detection, you can use the LOCALAI_FORCE_META_BACKEND_CAPABILITY environment variable. Here are the available options:

• default: Forces CPU-only backend. This is the fallback if no specific hardware is detected.
• nvidia: Forces backends compiled with CUDA support for NVIDIA GPUs.
• amd: Forces backends compiled with ROCm support for AMD GPUs.
• intel: Forces backends compiled with SYCL/oneAPI support for Intel GPUs.

Model configuration

Depending on the model architecture and backend used, there might be different ways to enable GPU acceleration. It is required to configure the model you intend to use with a YAML config file. For example, for llama.cpp workloads a configuration file might look like this (where gpu_layers is the number of layers to offload to the GPU):

name: my-model-name
parameters:
  # Relative to the models path
  model: llama.cpp-model.ggmlv3.q5_K_M.bin

context_size: 1024
threads: 1

f16: true # enable with GPU acceleration
gpu_layers: 22 # GPU Layers (only used when built with cublas)

For diffusers instead, it might look like this instead:

name: stablediffusion
parameters:
  model: toonyou_beta6.safetensors
backend: diffusers
step: 30
f16: true
diffusers:
  pipeline_type: StableDiffusionPipeline
  cuda: true
  enable_parameters: "negative_prompt,num_inference_steps,clip_skip"
  scheduler_type: "k_dpmpp_sde"

Multi-GPU Support

llama.cpp

For llama.cpp models, you can control which GPU layers are offloaded using gpu_layers. When multiple NVIDIA GPUs are present, llama.cpp distributes layers across available devices automatically. You can control GPU visibility with the CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES environment variable:

# Use only GPU 0 and GPU 1
docker run --gpus all -e CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 ...

For AMD GPUs, use HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES instead:

docker run --device /dev/dri --device /dev/kfd -e HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 ...

diffusers

For multi-GPU support with diffusers, configure the model with tensor_parallel_size set to the number of GPUs you want to use.

name: stable-diffusion-multigpu
model: stabilityai/stable-diffusion-xl-base-1.0
backend: diffusers
parameters:
  tensor_parallel_size: 2 # Number of GPUs to use

The tensor_parallel_size parameter is set in the gRPC proto configuration (in ModelOptions message, field 55). When this is set to a value greater than 1, the diffusers backend automatically enables device_map="auto" to distribute the model across multiple GPUs.

Tips

• For optimal performance, use GPUs of the same type and memory capacity.
• Ensure you have sufficient GPU memory across all devices.
• When running multiple models concurrently, consider using [VRAM Management]({{%relref "advanced/vram-management" %}}) to automatically unload idle models.

CUDA(NVIDIA) acceleration

Requirements

Requirement: nvidia-container-toolkit (installation instructions 1 2)

If using a system with SELinux, ensure you have the policies installed, such as those provided by nvidia

To check what CUDA version do you need, you can either run nvidia-smi or nvcc --version.

Alternatively, you can also check nvidia-smi with docker:

docker run --runtime=nvidia --rm nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubuntu24.04 nvidia-smi

To use CUDA, use the images with the cublas tag, for example.

The image list is on quay:

• CUDA 11 tags: master-gpu-nvidia-cuda-11, v1.40.0-gpu-nvidia-cuda-11, ...
• CUDA 12 tags: master-gpu-nvidia-cuda-12, v1.40.0-gpu-nvidia-cuda-12, ...
• CUDA 13 tags: master-gpu-nvidia-cuda-13, v1.40.0-gpu-nvidia-cuda-13, ...

In addition to the commands to run LocalAI normally, you need to specify --gpus all to docker, for example:

docker run --rm -ti --gpus all -p 8080:8080 -e DEBUG=true -e MODELS_PATH=/models -e THREADS=1 -v $PWD/models:/models quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:v1.40.0-gpu-nvidia-cuda12

If the GPU inferencing is working, you should be able to see something like:

5:22PM DBG Loading model in memory from file: /models/open-llama-7b-q4_0.bin
ggml_init_cublas: found 1 CUDA devices:
  Device 0: Tesla T4
llama.cpp: loading model from /models/open-llama-7b-q4_0.bin
llama_model_load_internal: format     = ggjt v3 (latest)
llama_model_load_internal: n_vocab    = 32000
llama_model_load_internal: n_ctx      = 1024
llama_model_load_internal: n_embd     = 4096
llama_model_load_internal: n_mult     = 256
llama_model_load_internal: n_head     = 32
llama_model_load_internal: n_layer    = 32
llama_model_load_internal: n_rot      = 128
llama_model_load_internal: ftype      = 2 (mostly Q4_0)
llama_model_load_internal: n_ff       = 11008
llama_model_load_internal: n_parts    = 1
llama_model_load_internal: model size = 7B
llama_model_load_internal: ggml ctx size =    0.07 MB
llama_model_load_internal: using CUDA for GPU acceleration
llama_model_load_internal: mem required  = 4321.77 MB (+ 1026.00 MB per state)
llama_model_load_internal: allocating batch_size x 1 MB = 512 MB VRAM for the scratch buffer
llama_model_load_internal: offloading 10 repeating layers to GPU
llama_model_load_internal: offloaded 10/35 layers to GPU
llama_model_load_internal: total VRAM used: 1598 MB
...................................................................................................
llama_init_from_file: kv self size  =  512.00 MB

ROCM(AMD) acceleration

There are a limited number of tested configurations for ROCm systems however most newer deditated GPU consumer grade devices seem to be supported under the current ROCm6 implementation.

Due to the nature of ROCm it is best to run all implementations in containers as this limits the number of packages required for installation on host system, compatibility and package versions for dependencies across all variations of OS must be tested independently if desired, please refer to the [build]({{%relref "installation/build#Acceleration" %}}) documentation.

Requirements

• ROCm 6.x.x compatible GPU/accelerator
• OS: Ubuntu (22.04, 20.04), RHEL (9.3, 9.2, 8.9, 8.8), SLES (15.5, 15.4)
• Installed to host: amdgpu-dkms and rocm >=6.0.0 as per ROCm documentation.

Recommendations

• Make sure to do not use GPU assigned for compute for desktop rendering.
• Ensure at least 100GB of free space on disk hosting container runtime and storing images prior to installation.

Limitations

Ongoing verification testing of ROCm compatibility with integrated backends. Please note the following list of verified backends and devices.

LocalAI hipblas images are built against the following targets: gfx900,gfx906,gfx908,gfx940,gfx941,gfx942,gfx90a,gfx1030,gfx1031,gfx1100,gfx1101

If your device is not one of these you must specify the corresponding GPU_TARGETS and specify REBUILD=true. Otherwise you don't need to specify these in the commands below.

Verified

The devices in the following list have been tested with hipblas images running ROCm 6.0.0

Backend	Verified	Devices
llama.cpp	yes	Radeon VII (gfx906)
diffusers	yes	Radeon VII (gfx906)
piper	yes	Radeon VII (gfx906)
whisper	no	none
coqui	no	none
transformers	no	none
sentencetransformers	no	none
transformers-musicgen	no	none
vllm	no	none

You can help by expanding this list.

System Prep

1. Check your GPU LLVM target is compatible with the version of ROCm. This can be found in the LLVM Docs.
2. Check which ROCm version is compatible with your LLVM target and your chosen OS (pay special attention to supported kernel versions). See the following for compatibility for (ROCm 6.0.0) or (ROCm 6.0.2)
3. Install you chosen version of the dkms and rocm (it is recommended that the native package manager be used for this process for any OS as version changes are executed more easily via this method if updates are required). Take care to restart after installing amdgpu-dkms and before installing rocm, for details regarding this see the installation documentation for your chosen OS (6.0.2 or 6.0.0)
4. Deploy. Yes it's that easy.

Setup Example (Docker/containerd)

The following are examples of the ROCm specific configuration elements required.

    # For full functionality select a non-'core' image, version locking the image is recommended for debug purposes.
    image: quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:master-aio-gpu-hipblas
    environment:
      - DEBUG=true
      # If your gpu is not already included in the current list of default targets the following build details are required.
      - REBUILD=true
      - BUILD_TYPE=hipblas
      - GPU_TARGETS=gfx906 # Example for Radeon VII
    devices:
      # AMD GPU only require the following devices be passed through to the container for offloading to occur.
      - /dev/dri
      - /dev/kfd

The same can also be executed as a run for your container runtime

docker run \
 -e DEBUG=true \
 -e REBUILD=true \
 -e BUILD_TYPE=hipblas \
 -e GPU_TARGETS=gfx906 \
 --device /dev/dri \
 --device /dev/kfd \
 quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:master-aio-gpu-hipblas

Please ensure to add all other required environment variables, port forwardings, etc to your compose file or run command.

The rebuild process will take some time to complete when deploying these containers and it is recommended that you pull the image prior to deployment as depending on the version these images may be ~20GB in size.

Example (k8s) (Advanced Deployment/WIP)

For k8s deployments there is an additional step required before deployment, this is the deployment of the ROCm/k8s-device-plugin. For any k8s environment the documentation provided by AMD from the ROCm project should be successful. It is recommended that if you use rke2 or OpenShift that you deploy the SUSE or RedHat provided version of this resource to ensure compatibility. After this has been completed the helm chart from go-skynet can be configured and deployed mostly un-edited.

The following are details of the changes that should be made to ensure proper function. While these details may be configurable in the values.yaml development of this Helm chart is ongoing and is subject to change.

The following details indicate the final state of the localai deployment relevant to GPU function.

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: {NAME}-local-ai
...
spec:
  ...
  template:
    ...
    spec:
      containers:
        - env:
            - name: HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES
              value: '0'
              # This variable indicates the devices available to container (0:device1 1:device2 2:device3) etc.
              # For multiple devices (say device 1 and 3) the value would be equivalent to HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES="0,2"
              # Please take note of this when an iGPU is present in host system as compatibility is not assured.
          ...
          resources:
            limits:
              amd.com/gpu: '1'
            requests:
              amd.com/gpu: '1'

This configuration has been tested on a 'custom' cluster managed by SUSE Rancher that was deployed on top of Ubuntu 22.04.4, certification of other configuration is ongoing and compatibility is not guaranteed.

Notes

• When installing the ROCM kernel driver on your system ensure that you are installing an equal or newer version that that which is currently implemented in LocalAI (6.0.0 at time of writing).
• AMD documentation indicates that this will ensure functionality however your mileage may vary depending on the GPU and distro you are using.
• If you encounter an Error 413 on attempting to upload an audio file or image for whisper or llava/bakllava on a k8s deployment, note that the ingress for your deployment may require the annotation nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: "25m" to allow larger uploads. This may be included in future versions of the helm chart.

Intel acceleration (sycl)

Requirements

If building from source, you need to install Intel oneAPI Base Toolkit and have the Intel drivers available in the system.

Container images

To use SYCL, use the images with gpu-intel in the tag, for example {{< version >}}-gpu-intel, ...

The image list is on quay.

Example

To run LocalAI with Docker and sycl starting phi-2, you can use the following command as an example:

docker run -e DEBUG=true --privileged -ti -v $PWD/models:/models -p 8080:8080  -v /dev/dri:/dev/dri --rm quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:master-gpu-intel phi-2

Notes

In addition to the commands to run LocalAI normally, you need to specify --device /dev/dri to docker, for example:

docker run --rm -ti --device /dev/dri -p 8080:8080 -e DEBUG=true -e MODELS_PATH=/models -e THREADS=1 -v $PWD/models:/models quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:{{< version >}}-gpu-intel

Note also that sycl does have a known issue to hang with mmap: true. You have to disable it in the model configuration if explicitly enabled.

Vulkan acceleration

Requirements

If using nvidia, follow the steps in the CUDA section to configure your docker runtime to allow access to the GPU.

Container images

To use Vulkan, use the images with the vulkan tag, for example {{< version >}}-gpu-vulkan.

Example

To run LocalAI with Docker and Vulkan, you can use the following command as an example:

docker run -p 8080:8080 -e DEBUG=true -v $PWD/models:/models localai/localai:latest-gpu-vulkan

Notes

In addition to the commands to run LocalAI normally, you need to specify additional flags to pass the GPU hardware to the container.

These flags are the same as the sections above, depending on the hardware, for nvidia, AMD or Intel.

If you have mixed hardware, you can pass flags for multiple GPUs, for example:

docker run -p 8080:8080 -e DEBUG=true -v $PWD/models:/models \
--gpus=all \ # nvidia passthrough
--device /dev/dri --device /dev/kfd \ # AMD/Intel passthrough
localai/localai:latest-gpu-vulkan

NVIDIA L4T (Jetson/ARM64) acceleration

LocalAI supports NVIDIA ARM64 devices including Jetson Nano, Jetson Xavier NX, Jetson AGX Orin, and DGX Spark. Pre-built container images are available for both CUDA 12 and CUDA 13.

For detailed setup instructions, platform compatibility, and build commands, see the dedicated [Running on Nvidia ARM64]({{%relref "reference/nvidia-l4t" %}}) page.

Quick start

# Jetson AGX Orin (CUDA 12)
docker run -e DEBUG=true -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/models:/models \
  --runtime nvidia --gpus all \
  quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:latest-nvidia-l4t-arm64

# DGX Spark (CUDA 13)
docker run -e DEBUG=true -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/models:/models \
  --runtime nvidia --gpus all \
  quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:latest-nvidia-l4t-arm64-cuda-13

GPU monitoring

Use these vendor-specific tools to verify that LocalAI is using your GPU and to monitor resource usage during inference.

NVIDIA

# Real-time GPU utilization, memory, temperature
nvidia-smi

# Continuous monitoring (updates every 1 second)
nvidia-smi --loop=1

# Inside a container
docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubuntu24.04 nvidia-smi

Look for non-zero GPU-Util and Memory-Usage values while running inference to confirm GPU acceleration is active.

AMD

# ROCm System Management Interface
rocm-smi

# Continuous monitoring
watch -n1 rocm-smi

# Show detailed GPU info
rocm-smi --showallinfo

Intel

# Intel GPU top (part of intel-gpu-tools)
sudo intel_gpu_top

# List available Intel GPUs
sycl-ls

Troubleshooting

GPU not detected in container

• NVIDIA: Ensure nvidia-container-toolkit is installed and the Docker runtime is configured. Test with docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-base-ubuntu24.04 nvidia-smi.
• AMD: Ensure /dev/dri and /dev/kfd are passed to the container and that amdgpu-dkms is installed on the host.
• Intel: Ensure /dev/dri is passed to the container and Intel GPU drivers are installed on the host.

Model loads on CPU instead of GPU

• Check that gpu_layers is set in your model YAML configuration. Setting it to a high number (e.g., 999) offloads all possible layers to GPU.
• Verify you are using a GPU-enabled container image (tags containing gpu-nvidia-cuda, gpu-hipblas, gpu-intel, etc.).
• Enable DEBUG=true and check the logs for GPU initialization messages.

Out of memory (OOM) errors

• Reduce gpu_layers to offload fewer layers, keeping some on CPU.
• Lower context_size to reduce VRAM usage.
• Use [VRAM Management]({{%relref "advanced/vram-management" %}}) to automatically unload idle models when running multiple models.
• Use quantized models (e.g., Q4_K_M) which require less memory than full-precision models.

ROCm: unsupported GPU target

If your AMD GPU is not in the default target list, set REBUILD=true and GPU_TARGETS to your device's gfx target:

docker run -e REBUILD=true -e BUILD_TYPE=hipblas -e GPU_TARGETS=gfx1030 \
  --device /dev/dri --device /dev/kfd \
  quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai:master-aio-gpu-hipblas

Intel SYCL: model hangs

SYCL has a known issue where models hang when mmap: true is set. Ensure mmap is disabled in the model configuration:

mmap: false

Slow performance or unexpected CPU fallback

• Ensure f16: true is set in the model YAML for GPU-accelerated backends.
• Set threads: 1 when using full GPU offloading to avoid CPU thread contention.
• Verify the correct BUILD_TYPE matches your hardware (e.g., cublas for NVIDIA, hipblas for AMD).