LocalAI/core/cli/run.go

package cli

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/application"
	cliContext "github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/cli/context"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/config"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/http"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/p2p"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/internal"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/pkg/signals"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/pkg/system"
	"github.com/mudler/xlog"
)

// CLI Flag Naming Convention:
// All CLI flags use kebab-case (e.g., --backends-path, --p2p-token).
// When renaming flags, add the old name as an alias for backward compatibility
// and document the deprecation in the help text.

type RunCMD struct {
	ModelArgs []string `arg:"" optional:"" name:"models" help:"Model configuration URLs to load"`

	ExternalBackends             []string      `env:"LOCALAI_EXTERNAL_BACKENDS,EXTERNAL_BACKENDS" help:"A list of external backends to load from gallery on boot" group:"backends"`
	BackendsPath                 string        `env:"LOCALAI_BACKENDS_PATH,BACKENDS_PATH" type:"path" default:"${basepath}/backends" help:"Path containing backends used for inferencing" group:"backends"`
	BackendsSystemPath           string        `env:"LOCALAI_BACKENDS_SYSTEM_PATH,BACKEND_SYSTEM_PATH" type:"path" default:"/var/lib/local-ai/backends" help:"Path containing system backends used for inferencing" group:"backends"`
	ModelsPath                   string        `env:"LOCALAI_MODELS_PATH,MODELS_PATH" type:"path" default:"${basepath}/models" help:"Path containing models used for inferencing" group:"storage"`
	GeneratedContentPath         string        `env:"LOCALAI_GENERATED_CONTENT_PATH,GENERATED_CONTENT_PATH" type:"path" default:"/tmp/generated/content" help:"Location for generated content (e.g. images, audio, videos)" group:"storage"`
	UploadPath                   string        `env:"LOCALAI_UPLOAD_PATH,UPLOAD_PATH" type:"path" default:"/tmp/localai/upload" help:"Path to store uploads from files api" group:"storage"`
	DataPath                     string        `env:"LOCALAI_DATA_PATH" type:"path" default:"${basepath}/data" help:"Path for persistent data (collectiondb, agent state, tasks, jobs). Separates mutable data from configuration" group:"storage"`
	LocalaiConfigDir             string        `env:"LOCALAI_CONFIG_DIR" type:"path" default:"${basepath}/configuration" help:"Directory for dynamic loading of certain configuration files (currently api_keys.json and external_backends.json)" group:"storage"`
	LocalaiConfigDirPollInterval time.Duration `env:"LOCALAI_CONFIG_DIR_POLL_INTERVAL" help:"Typically the config path picks up changes automatically, but if your system has broken fsnotify events, set this to an interval to poll the LocalAI Config Dir (example: 1m)" group:"storage"`
	// The alias on this option is there to preserve functionality with the old `--config-file` parameter
	ModelsConfigFile         string   `env:"LOCALAI_MODELS_CONFIG_FILE,CONFIG_FILE" aliases:"config-file" help:"YAML file containing a list of model backend configs" group:"storage"`
	BackendGalleries         string   `env:"LOCALAI_BACKEND_GALLERIES,BACKEND_GALLERIES" help:"JSON list of backend galleries" group:"backends" default:"${backends}"`
	Galleries                string   `env:"LOCALAI_GALLERIES,GALLERIES" help:"JSON list of galleries" group:"models" default:"${galleries}"`
	AutoloadGalleries        bool     `env:"LOCALAI_AUTOLOAD_GALLERIES,AUTOLOAD_GALLERIES" group:"models" default:"true"`
	AutoloadBackendGalleries bool     `env:"LOCALAI_AUTOLOAD_BACKEND_GALLERIES,AUTOLOAD_BACKEND_GALLERIES" group:"backends" default:"true"`
	BackendImagesReleaseTag  string   `env:"LOCALAI_BACKEND_IMAGES_RELEASE_TAG,BACKEND_IMAGES_RELEASE_TAG" help:"Fallback release tag for backend images" group:"backends" default:"latest"`
	BackendImagesBranchTag   string   `env:"LOCALAI_BACKEND_IMAGES_BRANCH_TAG,BACKEND_IMAGES_BRANCH_TAG" help:"Fallback branch tag for backend images" group:"backends" default:"master"`
	BackendDevSuffix         string   `env:"LOCALAI_BACKEND_DEV_SUFFIX,BACKEND_DEV_SUFFIX" help:"Development suffix for backend images" group:"backends" default:"development"`
	AutoUpgradeBackends      bool     `env:"LOCALAI_AUTO_UPGRADE_BACKENDS,AUTO_UPGRADE_BACKENDS" help:"Automatically upgrade backends when new versions are detected" group:"backends" default:"false"`
	PreloadModels            string   `env:"LOCALAI_PRELOAD_MODELS,PRELOAD_MODELS" help:"A List of models to apply in JSON at start" group:"models"`
	Models                   []string `env:"LOCALAI_MODELS,MODELS" help:"A List of model configuration URLs to load" group:"models"`
	PreloadModelsConfig      string   `env:"LOCALAI_PRELOAD_MODELS_CONFIG,PRELOAD_MODELS_CONFIG" help:"A List of models to apply at startup. Path to a YAML config file" group:"models"`

	F16         bool `name:"f16" env:"LOCALAI_F16,F16" help:"Enable GPU acceleration" group:"performance"`
	Threads     int  `env:"LOCALAI_THREADS,THREADS" short:"t" help:"Number of threads used for parallel computation. Usage of the number of physical cores in the system is suggested" group:"performance"`
	ContextSize int  `env:"LOCALAI_CONTEXT_SIZE,CONTEXT_SIZE" help:"Default context size for models" group:"performance"`

	Address                            string   `env:"LOCALAI_ADDRESS,ADDRESS" default:":8080" help:"Bind address for the API server" group:"api"`
	CORS                               bool     `env:"LOCALAI_CORS,CORS" help:"" group:"api"`
	CORSAllowOrigins                   string   `env:"LOCALAI_CORS_ALLOW_ORIGINS,CORS_ALLOW_ORIGINS" group:"api"`
	DisableCSRF                        bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_CSRF" help:"Disable CSRF middleware (enabled by default)" group:"api"`
	UploadLimit                        int      `env:"LOCALAI_UPLOAD_LIMIT,UPLOAD_LIMIT" default:"15" help:"Default upload-limit in MB" group:"api"`
	APIKeys                            []string `env:"LOCALAI_API_KEY,API_KEY" help:"List of API Keys to enable API authentication. When this is set, all the requests must be authenticated with one of these API keys" group:"api"`
	DisableWebUI                       bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_WEBUI,DISABLE_WEBUI" default:"false" help:"Disables the web user interface. When set to true, the server will only expose API endpoints without serving the web interface" group:"api"`
	OllamaAPIRootEndpoint              bool     `env:"LOCALAI_OLLAMA_API_ROOT_ENDPOINT" default:"false" help:"Register Ollama-compatible health check on / (replaces web UI on root path). The /api/* Ollama endpoints are always available regardless of this flag" group:"api"`
	DisableRuntimeSettings             bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_RUNTIME_SETTINGS,DISABLE_RUNTIME_SETTINGS" default:"false" help:"Disables the runtime settings. When set to true, the server will not load the runtime settings from the runtime_settings.json file" group:"api"`
	DisablePredownloadScan             bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_PREDOWNLOAD_SCAN" help:"If true, disables the best-effort security scanner before downloading any files." group:"hardening" default:"false"`
	OpaqueErrors                       bool     `env:"LOCALAI_OPAQUE_ERRORS" default:"false" help:"If true, all error responses are replaced with blank 500 errors. This is intended only for hardening against information leaks and is normally not recommended." group:"hardening"`
	UseSubtleKeyComparison             bool     `env:"LOCALAI_SUBTLE_KEY_COMPARISON" default:"false" help:"If true, API Key validation comparisons will be performed using constant-time comparisons rather than simple equality. This trades off performance on each request for resiliancy against timing attacks." group:"hardening"`
	DisableApiKeyRequirementForHttpGet bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_API_KEY_REQUIREMENT_FOR_HTTP_GET" default:"false" help:"If true, a valid API key is not required to issue GET requests to portions of the web ui. This should only be enabled in secure testing environments" group:"hardening"`
	DisableMetricsEndpoint             bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_METRICS_ENDPOINT,DISABLE_METRICS_ENDPOINT" default:"false" help:"Disable the /metrics endpoint" group:"api"`
	HttpGetExemptedEndpoints           []string `env:"LOCALAI_HTTP_GET_EXEMPTED_ENDPOINTS" default:"^/$,^/app(/.*)?$,^/browse(/.*)?$,^/login/?$,^/explorer/?$,^/assets/.*$,^/static/.*$,^/swagger.*$" help:"If LOCALAI_DISABLE_API_KEY_REQUIREMENT_FOR_HTTP_GET is overriden to true, this is the list of endpoints to exempt. Only adjust this in case of a security incident or as a result of a personal security posture review" group:"hardening"`
	Peer2Peer                          bool     `env:"LOCALAI_P2P,P2P" name:"p2p" default:"false" help:"Enable P2P mode" group:"p2p"`
	Peer2PeerDHTInterval               int      `env:"LOCALAI_P2P_DHT_INTERVAL,P2P_DHT_INTERVAL" default:"360" name:"p2p-dht-interval" help:"Interval for DHT refresh (used during token generation)" group:"p2p"`
	Peer2PeerOTPInterval               int      `env:"LOCALAI_P2P_OTP_INTERVAL,P2P_OTP_INTERVAL" default:"9000" name:"p2p-otp-interval" help:"Interval for OTP refresh (used during token generation)" group:"p2p"`
	Peer2PeerToken                     string   `env:"LOCALAI_P2P_TOKEN,P2P_TOKEN,TOKEN" name:"p2p-token" aliases:"p2ptoken" help:"Token for P2P mode (optional; --p2ptoken is deprecated, use --p2p-token)" group:"p2p"`
	Peer2PeerNetworkID                 string   `env:"LOCALAI_P2P_NETWORK_ID,P2P_NETWORK_ID" help:"Network ID for P2P mode, can be set arbitrarly by the user for grouping a set of instances" group:"p2p"`
	SingleActiveBackend                bool     `env:"LOCALAI_SINGLE_ACTIVE_BACKEND,SINGLE_ACTIVE_BACKEND" help:"Allow only one backend to be run at a time (deprecated: use --max-active-backends=1 instead)" group:"backends"`
	MaxActiveBackends                  int      `env:"LOCALAI_MAX_ACTIVE_BACKENDS,MAX_ACTIVE_BACKENDS" default:"0" help:"Maximum number of backends to keep loaded at once (0 = unlimited, 1 = single backend mode). Least recently used backends are evicted when limit is reached" group:"backends"`
	PreloadBackendOnly                 bool     `env:"LOCALAI_PRELOAD_BACKEND_ONLY,PRELOAD_BACKEND_ONLY" default:"false" help:"Do not launch the API services, only the preloaded models / backends are started (useful for multi-node setups)" group:"backends"`
	ExternalGRPCBackends               []string `env:"LOCALAI_EXTERNAL_GRPC_BACKENDS,EXTERNAL_GRPC_BACKENDS" help:"A list of external grpc backends" group:"backends"`
	EnableWatchdogIdle                 bool     `env:"LOCALAI_WATCHDOG_IDLE,WATCHDOG_IDLE" default:"false" help:"Enable watchdog for stopping backends that are idle longer than the watchdog-idle-timeout" group:"backends"`
	WatchdogIdleTimeout                string   `env:"LOCALAI_WATCHDOG_IDLE_TIMEOUT,WATCHDOG_IDLE_TIMEOUT" default:"15m" help:"Threshold beyond which an idle backend should be stopped" group:"backends"`
	EnableWatchdogBusy                 bool     `env:"LOCALAI_WATCHDOG_BUSY,WATCHDOG_BUSY" default:"false" help:"Enable watchdog for stopping backends that are busy longer than the watchdog-busy-timeout" group:"backends"`
	WatchdogBusyTimeout                string   `env:"LOCALAI_WATCHDOG_BUSY_TIMEOUT,WATCHDOG_BUSY_TIMEOUT" default:"5m" help:"Threshold beyond which a busy backend should be stopped" group:"backends"`
	WatchdogInterval                   string   `env:"LOCALAI_WATCHDOG_INTERVAL,WATCHDOG_INTERVAL" default:"500ms" help:"Interval between watchdog checks (e.g., 500ms, 5s, 1m) (default: 500ms)" group:"backends"`
	EnableMemoryReclaimer              bool     `env:"LOCALAI_MEMORY_RECLAIMER,MEMORY_RECLAIMER,LOCALAI_GPU_RECLAIMER,GPU_RECLAIMER" default:"false" help:"Enable memory threshold monitoring to auto-evict backends when memory usage exceeds threshold (uses GPU VRAM if available, otherwise RAM)" group:"backends"`
	MemoryReclaimerThreshold           float64  `env:"LOCALAI_MEMORY_RECLAIMER_THRESHOLD,MEMORY_RECLAIMER_THRESHOLD,LOCALAI_GPU_RECLAIMER_THRESHOLD,GPU_RECLAIMER_THRESHOLD" default:"0.95" help:"Memory usage threshold (0.0-1.0) that triggers backend eviction (default 0.95 = 95%%)" group:"backends"`
	ForceEvictionWhenBusy              bool     `env:"LOCALAI_FORCE_EVICTION_WHEN_BUSY,FORCE_EVICTION_WHEN_BUSY" default:"false" help:"Force eviction even when models have active API calls (default: false for safety)" group:"backends"`
	LRUEvictionMaxRetries              int      `env:"LOCALAI_LRU_EVICTION_MAX_RETRIES,LRU_EVICTION_MAX_RETRIES" default:"30" help:"Maximum number of retries when waiting for busy models to become idle before eviction (default: 30)" group:"backends"`
	LRUEvictionRetryInterval           string   `env:"LOCALAI_LRU_EVICTION_RETRY_INTERVAL,LRU_EVICTION_RETRY_INTERVAL" default:"1s" help:"Interval between retries when waiting for busy models to become idle (e.g., 1s, 2s) (default: 1s)" group:"backends"`
	Federated                          bool     `env:"LOCALAI_FEDERATED,FEDERATED" help:"Enable federated instance" group:"federated"`
	DisableGalleryEndpoint             bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_GALLERY_ENDPOINT,DISABLE_GALLERY_ENDPOINT" help:"Disable the gallery endpoints" group:"api"`
	DisableMCP                         bool     `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_MCP,DISABLE_MCP" help:"Disable MCP (Model Context Protocol) support" group:"api" default:"false"`
	MachineTag                         string   `env:"LOCALAI_MACHINE_TAG,MACHINE_TAG" help:"Add Machine-Tag header to each response which is useful to track the machine in the P2P network" group:"api"`
	LoadToMemory                       []string `env:"LOCALAI_LOAD_TO_MEMORY,LOAD_TO_MEMORY" help:"A list of models to load into memory at startup" group:"models"`
	EnableTracing                      bool     `env:"LOCALAI_ENABLE_TRACING,ENABLE_TRACING" help:"Enable API tracing" group:"api"`
	TracingMaxItems                    int      `env:"LOCALAI_TRACING_MAX_ITEMS" default:"1024" help:"Maximum number of traces to keep" group:"api"`
	AgentJobRetentionDays              int      `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_JOB_RETENTION_DAYS,AGENT_JOB_RETENTION_DAYS" default:"30" help:"Number of days to keep agent job history (default: 30)" group:"api"`
	OpenResponsesStoreTTL              string   `env:"LOCALAI_OPEN_RESPONSES_STORE_TTL,OPEN_RESPONSES_STORE_TTL" default:"0" help:"TTL for Open Responses store (e.g., 1h, 30m, 0 = no expiration)" group:"api"`

	// Agent Pool (LocalAGI)
	DisableAgents                  bool   `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_AGENTS" default:"false" help:"Disable the agent pool feature" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolAPIURL                string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_API_URL" help:"Default API URL for agents (defaults to self-referencing LocalAI)" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolAPIKey                string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_API_KEY" help:"Default API key for agents (defaults to first LocalAI API key)" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolDefaultModel          string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_DEFAULT_MODEL" help:"Default model for agents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolMultimodalModel       string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_MULTIMODAL_MODEL" help:"Default multimodal model for agents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolTranscriptionModel    string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_TRANSCRIPTION_MODEL" help:"Default transcription model for agents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolTranscriptionLanguage string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_TRANSCRIPTION_LANGUAGE" help:"Default transcription language for agents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolTTSModel              string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_TTS_MODEL" help:"Default TTS model for agents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolStateDir              string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_STATE_DIR" help:"State directory for agent pool" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolTimeout               string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_TIMEOUT" default:"5m" help:"Default agent timeout" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolEnableSkills          bool   `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_ENABLE_SKILLS" default:"false" help:"Enable skills service for agents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolVectorEngine          string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_VECTOR_ENGINE" default:"chromem" help:"Vector engine type for agent knowledge base" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolEmbeddingModel        string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_EMBEDDING_MODEL" default:"granite-embedding-107m-multilingual" help:"Embedding model for agent knowledge base" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolCustomActionsDir      string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_CUSTOM_ACTIONS_DIR" help:"Custom actions directory for agents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolDatabaseURL           string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_DATABASE_URL" help:"Database URL for agent collections" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolMaxChunkingSize       int    `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_MAX_CHUNKING_SIZE" default:"400" help:"Maximum chunking size for knowledge base documents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolChunkOverlap          int    `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_CHUNK_OVERLAP" default:"0" help:"Chunk overlap size for knowledge base documents" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolEnableLogs            bool   `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_ENABLE_LOGS" default:"false" help:"Enable agent logging" group:"agents"`
	AgentPoolCollectionDBPath      string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_POOL_COLLECTION_DB_PATH" help:"Database path for agent collections" group:"agents"`
	AgentHubURL                    string `env:"LOCALAI_AGENT_HUB_URL" default:"https://agenthub.localai.io" help:"URL for the agent hub where users can browse and download agent configurations" group:"agents"`

	// Authentication
	AuthEnabled          bool   `env:"LOCALAI_AUTH" default:"false" help:"Enable user authentication and authorization" group:"auth"`
	AuthDatabaseURL      string `env:"LOCALAI_AUTH_DATABASE_URL,DATABASE_URL" help:"Database URL for auth (postgres:// or file path for SQLite). Defaults to {DataPath}/database.db" group:"auth"`
	GitHubClientID       string `env:"GITHUB_CLIENT_ID" help:"GitHub OAuth App Client ID (auto-enables auth when set)" group:"auth"`
	GitHubClientSecret   string `env:"GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET" help:"GitHub OAuth App Client Secret" group:"auth"`
	OIDCIssuer           string `env:"LOCALAI_OIDC_ISSUER" help:"OIDC issuer URL for auto-discovery" group:"auth"`
	OIDCClientID         string `env:"LOCALAI_OIDC_CLIENT_ID" help:"OIDC Client ID (auto-enables auth)" group:"auth"`
	OIDCClientSecret     string `env:"LOCALAI_OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET" help:"OIDC Client Secret" group:"auth"`
	AuthBaseURL          string `env:"LOCALAI_BASE_URL" help:"Base URL for OAuth callbacks (e.g. http://localhost:8080)" group:"auth"`
	AuthAdminEmail       string `env:"LOCALAI_ADMIN_EMAIL" help:"Email address to auto-promote to admin role" group:"auth"`
	AuthRegistrationMode string `env:"LOCALAI_REGISTRATION_MODE" default:"open" help:"Registration mode: 'open' (default), 'approval', or 'invite' (invite code required)" group:"auth"`
	DisableLocalAuth     bool   `env:"LOCALAI_DISABLE_LOCAL_AUTH" default:"false" help:"Disable local email/password registration and login (use with OAuth/OIDC-only setups)" group:"auth"`
	AuthAPIKeyHMACSecret string `env:"LOCALAI_AUTH_HMAC_SECRET" help:"HMAC secret for API key hashing (auto-generated if empty)" group:"auth"`
	DefaultAPIKeyExpiry  string `env:"LOCALAI_DEFAULT_API_KEY_EXPIRY" help:"Default expiry for API keys (e.g. 90d, 1y; empty = no expiry)" group:"auth"`

	// Distributed / Horizontal Scaling
	Distributed       bool   `env:"LOCALAI_DISTRIBUTED" default:"false" help:"Enable distributed mode (requires PostgreSQL + NATS)" group:"distributed"`
	InstanceID        string `env:"LOCALAI_INSTANCE_ID" help:"Unique instance ID for distributed mode (auto-generated UUID if empty)" group:"distributed"`
	NatsURL           string `env:"LOCALAI_NATS_URL" help:"NATS server URL (e.g., nats://localhost:4222)" group:"distributed"`
	StorageURL        string `env:"LOCALAI_STORAGE_URL" help:"S3-compatible storage endpoint URL (e.g., http://minio:9000)" group:"distributed"`
	StorageBucket     string `env:"LOCALAI_STORAGE_BUCKET" default:"localai" help:"S3 bucket name for object storage" group:"distributed"`
	StorageRegion     string `env:"LOCALAI_STORAGE_REGION" default:"us-east-1" help:"S3 region" group:"distributed"`
	StorageAccessKey  string `env:"LOCALAI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY" help:"S3 access key ID" group:"distributed"`
	StorageSecretKey  string `env:"LOCALAI_STORAGE_SECRET_KEY" help:"S3 secret access key" group:"distributed"`
	RegistrationToken string `env:"LOCALAI_REGISTRATION_TOKEN" help:"Token that backend nodes must provide to register (empty = no auth required)" group:"distributed"`
	AutoApproveNodes  bool   `env:"LOCALAI_AUTO_APPROVE_NODES" default:"false" help:"Auto-approve new worker nodes (skip admin approval)" group:"distributed"`

	Version bool
}

func (r *RunCMD) Run(ctx *cliContext.Context) error {
	warnDeprecatedFlags()

	if r.Version {
		fmt.Println(internal.Version)
		return nil
	}

	os.MkdirAll(r.BackendsPath, 0750)
	os.MkdirAll(r.ModelsPath, 0750)

	systemState, err := system.GetSystemState(
		system.WithBackendSystemPath(r.BackendsSystemPath),
		system.WithModelPath(r.ModelsPath),
		system.WithBackendPath(r.BackendsPath),
		system.WithBackendImagesReleaseTag(r.BackendImagesReleaseTag),
		system.WithBackendImagesBranchTag(r.BackendImagesBranchTag),
		system.WithBackendDevSuffix(r.BackendDevSuffix),
	)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	opts := []config.AppOption{
		config.WithContext(context.Background()),
		config.WithConfigFile(r.ModelsConfigFile),
		config.WithJSONStringPreload(r.PreloadModels),
		config.WithYAMLConfigPreload(r.PreloadModelsConfig),
		config.WithSystemState(systemState),
		config.WithContextSize(r.ContextSize),
		config.WithDebug(ctx.Debug || (ctx.LogLevel != nil && *ctx.LogLevel == "debug")),
		config.WithGeneratedContentDir(r.GeneratedContentPath),
		config.WithUploadDir(r.UploadPath),
		config.WithDataPath(r.DataPath),
		config.WithDynamicConfigDir(r.LocalaiConfigDir),
		config.WithDynamicConfigDirPollInterval(r.LocalaiConfigDirPollInterval),
		config.WithF16(r.F16),
		config.WithStringGalleries(r.Galleries),
		config.WithBackendGalleries(r.BackendGalleries),
		config.WithCors(r.CORS),
		config.WithCorsAllowOrigins(r.CORSAllowOrigins),
		config.WithDisableCSRF(r.DisableCSRF),
		config.WithThreads(r.Threads),
		config.WithUploadLimitMB(r.UploadLimit),
		config.WithApiKeys(r.APIKeys),
		config.WithModelsURL(append(r.Models, r.ModelArgs...)...),
		config.WithExternalBackends(r.ExternalBackends...),
		config.WithOpaqueErrors(r.OpaqueErrors),
		config.WithEnforcedPredownloadScans(!r.DisablePredownloadScan),
		config.WithSubtleKeyComparison(r.UseSubtleKeyComparison),
		config.WithDisableApiKeyRequirementForHttpGet(r.DisableApiKeyRequirementForHttpGet),
		config.WithHttpGetExemptedEndpoints(r.HttpGetExemptedEndpoints),
		config.WithP2PNetworkID(r.Peer2PeerNetworkID),
		config.WithLoadToMemory(r.LoadToMemory),
		config.WithMachineTag(r.MachineTag),
		config.WithAPIAddress(r.Address),
		config.WithAgentJobRetentionDays(r.AgentJobRetentionDays),
		config.WithLlamaCPPTunnelCallback(func(tunnels []string) {
			tunnelEnvVar := strings.Join(tunnels, ",")
			os.Setenv("LLAMACPP_GRPC_SERVERS", tunnelEnvVar)
			xlog.Debug("setting LLAMACPP_GRPC_SERVERS", "value", tunnelEnvVar)
		}),
		config.WithMLXTunnelCallback(func(tunnels []string) {
			hostfile := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "localai_mlx_hostfile.json")
			data, _ := json.Marshal(tunnels)
			os.WriteFile(hostfile, data, 0644)
			os.Setenv("MLX_DISTRIBUTED_HOSTFILE", hostfile)
			xlog.Debug("setting MLX_DISTRIBUTED_HOSTFILE", "value", hostfile, "tunnels", tunnels)
		}),
	}

	// Distributed mode
	if r.Distributed {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableDistributed)
	}
	if r.InstanceID != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithDistributedInstanceID(r.InstanceID))
	}
	if r.NatsURL != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithNatsURL(r.NatsURL))
	}
	if r.StorageURL != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithStorageURL(r.StorageURL))
	}
	if r.StorageBucket != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithStorageBucket(r.StorageBucket))
	}
	if r.StorageRegion != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithStorageRegion(r.StorageRegion))
	}
	if r.StorageAccessKey != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithStorageAccessKey(r.StorageAccessKey))
	}
	if r.StorageSecretKey != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithStorageSecretKey(r.StorageSecretKey))
	}
	if r.RegistrationToken != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithRegistrationToken(r.RegistrationToken))
	}
	if r.AutoApproveNodes {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableAutoApproveNodes)
	}

	if r.DisableMetricsEndpoint {
		opts = append(opts, config.DisableMetricsEndpoint)
	}

	if r.DisableRuntimeSettings {
		opts = append(opts, config.DisableRuntimeSettings)
	}

	if r.EnableTracing {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableTracing)
	}
	opts = append(opts, config.WithTracingMaxItems(r.TracingMaxItems))

	token := ""
	if r.Peer2Peer || r.Peer2PeerToken != "" {
		xlog.Info("P2P mode enabled")
		token = r.Peer2PeerToken
		if token == "" {
			// IF no token is provided, and p2p is enabled,
			// we generate one and wait for the user to pick up the token (this is for interactive)
			xlog.Info("No token provided, generating one")
			token = p2p.GenerateToken(r.Peer2PeerDHTInterval, r.Peer2PeerOTPInterval)
			xlog.Info("Generated Token:")
			fmt.Println(token)

			xlog.Info("To use the token, you can run the following command in another node or terminal:")
			fmt.Printf("export TOKEN=\"%s\"\nlocal-ai worker p2p-llama-cpp-rpc\n", token)
		}
		opts = append(opts, config.WithP2PToken(token))
	}

	if r.Federated {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableFederated)
	}

	idleWatchDog := r.EnableWatchdogIdle
	busyWatchDog := r.EnableWatchdogBusy

	if r.DisableWebUI {
		opts = append(opts, config.DisableWebUI)
	}

	if r.OllamaAPIRootEndpoint {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableOllamaAPIRootEndpoint)
	}

	if r.DisableGalleryEndpoint {
		opts = append(opts, config.DisableGalleryEndpoint)
	}

	if r.DisableMCP {
		opts = append(opts, config.DisableMCP)
	}

	// Agent Pool
	if r.DisableAgents {
		opts = append(opts, config.DisableAgentPool)
	}
	if r.AgentPoolAPIURL != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolAPIURL(r.AgentPoolAPIURL))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolAPIKey != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolAPIKey(r.AgentPoolAPIKey))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolDefaultModel != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolDefaultModel(r.AgentPoolDefaultModel))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolMultimodalModel != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolMultimodalModel(r.AgentPoolMultimodalModel))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolTranscriptionModel != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolTranscriptionModel(r.AgentPoolTranscriptionModel))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolTranscriptionLanguage != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolTranscriptionLanguage(r.AgentPoolTranscriptionLanguage))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolTTSModel != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolTTSModel(r.AgentPoolTTSModel))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolStateDir != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolStateDir(r.AgentPoolStateDir))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolTimeout != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolTimeout(r.AgentPoolTimeout))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolEnableSkills {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableAgentPoolSkills)
	}
	if r.AgentPoolVectorEngine != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolVectorEngine(r.AgentPoolVectorEngine))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolEmbeddingModel != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolEmbeddingModel(r.AgentPoolEmbeddingModel))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolCustomActionsDir != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolCustomActionsDir(r.AgentPoolCustomActionsDir))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolDatabaseURL != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolDatabaseURL(r.AgentPoolDatabaseURL))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolMaxChunkingSize > 0 {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolMaxChunkingSize(r.AgentPoolMaxChunkingSize))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolChunkOverlap > 0 {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolChunkOverlap(r.AgentPoolChunkOverlap))
	}
	if r.AgentPoolEnableLogs {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableAgentPoolLogs)
	}
	if r.AgentPoolCollectionDBPath != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentPoolCollectionDBPath(r.AgentPoolCollectionDBPath))
	}
	if r.AgentHubURL != "" {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAgentHubURL(r.AgentHubURL))
	}

	// Authentication
	authEnabled := r.AuthEnabled || r.GitHubClientID != "" || r.OIDCClientID != ""
	if authEnabled {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthEnabled(true))

		dbURL := r.AuthDatabaseURL
		if dbURL == "" {
			dbURL = filepath.Join(r.DataPath, "database.db")
		}
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthDatabaseURL(dbURL))

		if r.GitHubClientID != "" {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthGitHubClientID(r.GitHubClientID))
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthGitHubClientSecret(r.GitHubClientSecret))
		}
		if r.OIDCClientID != "" {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthOIDCIssuer(r.OIDCIssuer))
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthOIDCClientID(r.OIDCClientID))
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthOIDCClientSecret(r.OIDCClientSecret))
		}
		if r.AuthBaseURL != "" {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthBaseURL(r.AuthBaseURL))
		}
		if r.AuthAdminEmail != "" {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthAdminEmail(r.AuthAdminEmail))
		}
		if r.AuthRegistrationMode != "" {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthRegistrationMode(r.AuthRegistrationMode))
		}
		if r.DisableLocalAuth {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthDisableLocalAuth(true))
		}
		if r.AuthAPIKeyHMACSecret != "" {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthAPIKeyHMACSecret(r.AuthAPIKeyHMACSecret))
		}
		if r.DefaultAPIKeyExpiry != "" {
			opts = append(opts, config.WithAuthDefaultAPIKeyExpiry(r.DefaultAPIKeyExpiry))
		}
	}

	if idleWatchDog || busyWatchDog {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableWatchDog)
		if idleWatchDog {
			opts = append(opts, config.EnableWatchDogIdleCheck)
			dur, err := time.ParseDuration(r.WatchdogIdleTimeout)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			opts = append(opts, config.SetWatchDogIdleTimeout(dur))
		}
		if busyWatchDog {
			opts = append(opts, config.EnableWatchDogBusyCheck)
			dur, err := time.ParseDuration(r.WatchdogBusyTimeout)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			opts = append(opts, config.SetWatchDogBusyTimeout(dur))
		}
		if r.WatchdogInterval != "" {
			dur, err := time.ParseDuration(r.WatchdogInterval)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			opts = append(opts, config.SetWatchDogInterval(dur))
		}
	}

	// Handle memory reclaimer (uses GPU VRAM if available, otherwise RAM)
	if r.EnableMemoryReclaimer {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithMemoryReclaimer(true, r.MemoryReclaimerThreshold))
	}

	// Handle max active backends (LRU eviction)
	// MaxActiveBackends takes precedence over SingleActiveBackend
	if r.MaxActiveBackends > 0 {
		opts = append(opts, config.SetMaxActiveBackends(r.MaxActiveBackends))
	} else if r.SingleActiveBackend {
		// Backward compatibility: --single-active-backend is equivalent to --max-active-backends=1
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableSingleBackend)
	}

	// Handle LRU eviction settings
	if r.ForceEvictionWhenBusy {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithForceEvictionWhenBusy(true))
	}
	if r.LRUEvictionMaxRetries > 0 {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithLRUEvictionMaxRetries(r.LRUEvictionMaxRetries))
	}
	if r.LRUEvictionRetryInterval != "" {
		dur, err := time.ParseDuration(r.LRUEvictionRetryInterval)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("invalid LRU eviction retry interval: %w", err)
		}
		opts = append(opts, config.WithLRUEvictionRetryInterval(dur))
	}

	// Handle Open Responses store TTL
	if r.OpenResponsesStoreTTL != "" && r.OpenResponsesStoreTTL != "0" {
		dur, err := time.ParseDuration(r.OpenResponsesStoreTTL)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("invalid Open Responses store TTL: %w", err)
		}
		opts = append(opts, config.WithOpenResponsesStoreTTL(dur))
	}

	// split ":" to get backend name and the uri
	for _, v := range r.ExternalGRPCBackends {
		backend := v[:strings.IndexByte(v, ':')]
		uri := v[strings.IndexByte(v, ':')+1:]
		opts = append(opts, config.WithExternalBackend(backend, uri))
	}

	if r.AutoloadGalleries {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableGalleriesAutoload)
	}

	if r.AutoloadBackendGalleries {
		opts = append(opts, config.EnableBackendGalleriesAutoload)
	}

	if r.AutoUpgradeBackends {
		opts = append(opts, config.WithAutoUpgradeBackends(r.AutoUpgradeBackends))
	}

	if r.PreloadBackendOnly {
		_, err := application.New(opts...)
		return err
	}

	app, err := application.New(opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed basic startup tasks with error %s", err.Error())
	}

	appHTTP, err := http.API(app)
	if err != nil {
		xlog.Error("error during HTTP App construction", "error", err)
		return err
	}

	xlog.Info("LocalAI is started and running", "address", r.Address)

	// Start P2P if token was provided via CLI/env or loaded from runtime_settings.json
	if token != "" || app.ApplicationConfig().P2PToken != "" {
		if err := app.StartP2P(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	signals.RegisterGracefulTerminationHandler(func() {
		if err := app.ModelLoader().StopAllGRPC(); err != nil {
			xlog.Error("error while stopping all grpc backends", "error", err)
		}
		// Clean up distributed services (idempotent — safe if already called)
		if d := app.Distributed(); d != nil {
			d.Shutdown()
		}
	})

	// Start the agent pool after the HTTP server is listening, because
	// backends like PostgreSQL need to call the embeddings API during
	// collection initialization.
	go func() {
		waitForServerReady(r.Address, app.ApplicationConfig().Context)
		app.StartAgentPool()
	}()

	return appHTTP.Start(r.Address)
}

// waitForServerReady polls the given address until the HTTP server is
// accepting connections or the context is cancelled.
func waitForServerReady(address string, ctx context.Context) {
	// Ensure the address has a host component for dialing.
	// Echo accepts ":8080" but net.Dial needs a resolvable host.
	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
	if err == nil && host == "" {
		address = "127.0.0.1:" + port
	}

	for {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		default:
		}
		conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", address, 500*time.Millisecond)
		if err == nil {
			conn.Close()
			return
		}
		time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
	}
}