LocalAI/core/http/app.go

package http

import (
	"embed"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io/fs"
	"math"
	"mime"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4"
	"github.com/labstack/echo/v4/middleware"

	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/pkg/model"

	corebackend "github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/backend"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/http/auth"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/http/endpoints/localai"

	httpMiddleware "github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/http/middleware"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/http/routes"

	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/application"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/schema"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/services/distributed"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/services/finetune"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/services/galleryop"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/services/messaging"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/services/nodes"
	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/services/quantization"

	"github.com/mudler/xlog"
)

// Embed a directory
//
//go:embed static/*
var embedDirStatic embed.FS

// Embed React UI build output
//
//go:embed react-ui/dist/*
var reactUI embed.FS

var quietPaths = []string{"/api/operations", "/api/resources", "/healthz", "/readyz"}

// immutableAssetCacheControl is the Cache-Control served for content-hashed
// build output. The filename changes whenever the content does, so a one-year
// TTL plus `immutable` is safe and removes both the re-download and the
// conditional revalidation round-trip.
const immutableAssetCacheControl = "public, max-age=31536000, immutable"

func defaultBodyLimitSkipper(c echo.Context) bool {
	// Remeshing accepts generated GLBs that routinely exceed the default
	// upload limit. The route has its own tighter, format-specific limit.
	return c.Request().Method == http.MethodPost && c.Path() == "/3d/remesh"
}

// applyModelLoadCooldown maps a ModelLoadCooldownError anywhere in err's chain
// to HTTP 503 with a Retry-After header (whole seconds, floor 1), so a client
// polling a model whose load recently failed backs off instead of triggering a
// fresh backend start. If err is not a cooldown error, code is returned as-is.
func applyModelLoadCooldown(err error, code int, c echo.Context) int {
	var coolErr *model.ModelLoadCooldownError
	if !errors.As(err, &coolErr) {
		return code
	}
	secs := int(math.Ceil(coolErr.RetryAfter.Seconds()))
	if secs < 1 {
		secs = 1
	}
	c.Response().Header().Set("Retry-After", strconv.Itoa(secs))
	return http.StatusServiceUnavailable
}

func applyBackendAdmission(err error, code int, c echo.Context) int {
	var capacityErr *corebackend.BackendAdmissionError
	if !errors.As(err, &capacityErr) {
		return code
	}
	c.Response().Header().Set("Retry-After", strconv.Itoa(int(capacityErr.RetryAfter.Seconds())))
	return http.StatusTooManyRequests
}

// applyNoAvailableNodes maps scheduler "no available nodes" errors to 503.
// When the cluster has no healthy node to serve a model — all are full, a
// node selector excludes every candidate, or eviction could not free a slot —
// the request is retryable, not a server bug. Without this the error fell
// through to 500, which tells clients something is broken when they just
// need to wait for a node.
func applyNoAvailableNodes(err error, code int) int {
	if errors.Is(err, nodes.ErrNoAvailableNodes) {
		return http.StatusServiceUnavailable
	}
	return code
}

// respondModelLoading answers a request whose model is still cold-loading with
// 503, a Retry-After header and the live `loading` object, reporting true when
// it handled the error.
//
// The distinction from applyModelLoadCooldown matters: a cooldown means "the
// last load FAILED, back off", this means "the load is progressing, here is how
// far it got". Both used to look like the same anonymous error, so an operator
// watching a 35 GB model stage normally onto a new worker saw only failures.
func respondModelLoading(err error, c echo.Context) bool {
	var loadErr *nodes.ModelLoadingError
	if !errors.As(err, &loadErr) {
		return false
	}
	setModelLoadingRetryAfter(loadErr, c)
	status := loadErr.Status
	if jerr := c.JSON(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, schema.ModelLoadingResponse{
		Error: &schema.APIError{
			Message: loadErr.Error(),
			Code:    "model_loading",
			Type:    "model_loading",
		},
		Loading: &status,
	}); jerr != nil {
		xlog.Debug("Failed to write model-loading response", "error", jerr)
	}
	return true
}

// applyModelLoading is the body-less half of respondModelLoading, for the
// opaque-errors handler: status and Retry-After only.
func applyModelLoading(err error, code int, c echo.Context) int {
	var loadErr *nodes.ModelLoadingError
	if !errors.As(err, &loadErr) {
		return code
	}
	setModelLoadingRetryAfter(loadErr, c)
	return http.StatusServiceUnavailable
}

func setModelLoadingRetryAfter(loadErr *nodes.ModelLoadingError, c echo.Context) {
	secs := int(math.Ceil(loadErr.RetryAfter.Seconds()))
	if secs < 1 {
		secs = 1
	}
	c.Response().Header().Set("Retry-After", strconv.Itoa(secs))
}

// @title LocalAI API
// @version 2.0.0
// @description The LocalAI Rest API.
// @termsOfService
// @contact.name LocalAI
// @contact.url https://localai.io
// @license.name MIT
// @license.url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mudler/LocalAI/master/LICENSE
// @BasePath /
// @schemes http https
// @securityDefinitions.apikey BearerAuth
// @in header
// @name Authorization
// @tag.name inference
// @tag.description Chat completions, text completions, edits, and responses (OpenAI-compatible)
// @tag.name embeddings
// @tag.description Vector embeddings (OpenAI-compatible)
// @tag.name audio
// @tag.description Text-to-speech, transcription, voice activity detection, sound generation
// @tag.name images
// @tag.description Image generation and inpainting
// @tag.name video
// @tag.description Video generation from prompts
// @tag.name detection
// @tag.description Object detection in images
// @tag.name tokenize
// @tag.description Tokenization and token metrics
// @tag.name models
// @tag.description Model gallery browsing, installation, deletion, and listing
// @tag.name backends
// @tag.description Backend gallery browsing, installation, deletion, and listing
// @tag.name config
// @tag.description Model configuration metadata, autocomplete, PATCH updates, VRAM estimation
// @tag.name monitoring
// @tag.description Prometheus metrics, backend status, system information
// @tag.name mcp
// @tag.description Model Context Protocol — tool-augmented chat with MCP servers
// @tag.name agent-jobs
// @tag.description Agent task and job management
// @tag.name p2p
// @tag.description Peer-to-peer networking nodes and tokens
// @tag.name rerank
// @tag.description Document reranking
// @tag.name instructions
// @tag.description API instruction discovery — browse instruction areas and get endpoint guides

func API(application *application.Application) (*echo.Echo, error) {
	e := echo.New()

	// Set body limit
	if application.ApplicationConfig().UploadLimitMB > 0 {
		e.Use(middleware.BodyLimitWithConfig(middleware.BodyLimitConfig{
			Limit:   fmt.Sprintf("%dM", application.ApplicationConfig().UploadLimitMB),
			Skipper: defaultBodyLimitSkipper,
		}))
	}

	// SPA fallback handler, set later when React UI is available
	var spaFallback func(echo.Context) error

	// Set error handler
	if !application.ApplicationConfig().OpaqueErrors {
		e.HTTPErrorHandler = func(err error, c echo.Context) {
			if respondModelLoading(err, c) {
				return
			}
			code := http.StatusInternalServerError
			var he *echo.HTTPError
			if errors.As(err, &he) {
				code = he.Code
			}
			code = applyModelLoadCooldown(err, code, c)
			code = applyBackendAdmission(err, code, c)
			code = applyNoAvailableNodes(err, code)

			// Handle 404 errors: serve React SPA for HTML requests, JSON otherwise
			if code == http.StatusNotFound {
				if spaFallback != nil {
					accept := c.Request().Header.Get("Accept")
					contentType := c.Request().Header.Get("Content-Type")
					if strings.Contains(accept, "text/html") && !strings.Contains(contentType, "application/json") {
						spaFallback(c)
						return
					}
				}
				notFoundHandler(c)
				return
			}

			// Send custom error page
			errType := ""
			var capErr *corebackend.BackendAdmissionError
			if errors.As(err, &capErr) {
				errType = "rate_limit_error"
			}
			c.JSON(code, schema.ErrorResponse{
				Error: &schema.APIError{Message: err.Error(), Code: code, Type: errType},
			})
		}
	} else {
		e.HTTPErrorHandler = func(err error, c echo.Context) {
			code := http.StatusInternalServerError
			var he *echo.HTTPError
			if errors.As(err, &he) {
				code = he.Code
			}
			code = applyModelLoadCooldown(err, code, c)
			code = applyBackendAdmission(err, code, c)
			// Opaque errors deliberately withhold the body, so a still-loading
			// model gets the status and Retry-After but no progress detail.
			code = applyModelLoading(err, code, c)
			code = applyNoAvailableNodes(err, code)
			c.NoContent(code)
		}
	}

	// Set renderer
	e.Renderer = renderEngine()

	// Hide banner
	e.HideBanner = true
	e.HidePort = true

	// Middleware - StripPathPrefix must be registered early as it uses Rewrite which runs before routing
	e.Pre(httpMiddleware.StripPathPrefix())

	// Stamp the configured external base URL into each request context so
	// middleware.BaseURL can treat it as authoritative for self-referential
	// links. Registered as Pre so it runs before routing and handlers.
	if extBaseURL := application.ApplicationConfig().ExternalBaseURL; extBaseURL != "" {
		e.Pre(func(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
			return func(c echo.Context) error {
				c.Set("_external_base_url", extBaseURL)
				return next(c)
			}
		})
	}

	e.Pre(middleware.RemoveTrailingSlash())

	if application.ApplicationConfig().MachineTag != "" {
		e.Use(func(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
			return func(c echo.Context) error {
				c.Response().Header().Set("Machine-Tag", application.ApplicationConfig().MachineTag)
				return next(c)
			}
		})
	}

	// Security headers (CSP, X-Content-Type-Options, X-Frame-Options,
	// Referrer-Policy). Set early so every response — including 404s and
	// errors — picks them up.
	e.Use(httpMiddleware.SecurityHeaders())

	// Gzip responses. Registered before the tracing and handler middlewares so
	// the response writer it installs sits underneath them: the trace buffer
	// keeps capturing plaintext while the wire carries the compressed bytes.
	if !application.ApplicationConfig().DisableHTTPCompression {
		e.Use(httpMiddleware.Compression(application.ApplicationConfig().HTTPCompressionMinLength))
	}

	// Custom logger middleware using xlog
	e.Use(func(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
		return func(c echo.Context) error {
			req := c.Request()
			res := c.Response()
			err := next(c)

			// Echo's central HTTPErrorHandler runs *after* this middleware
			// returns, so res.Status still reads the default 200 here when a
			// handler returned an error without writing a response. Mirror
			// echo.DefaultHTTPErrorHandler's status derivation so the access
			// log reflects the status the client actually receives — without
			// this, every silent handler error logs as 200.
			status := res.Status
			if err != nil && !res.Committed {
				status = http.StatusInternalServerError
				var he *echo.HTTPError
				if errors.As(err, &he) {
					status = he.Code
				}
			}

			// Fix for #7989: Reduce log verbosity of Web UI polling, resources API, and health checks
			// These paths are logged at DEBUG level (hidden by default) instead of INFO.
			isQuietPath := false
			for _, path := range quietPaths {
				if req.URL.Path == path {
					isQuietPath = true
					break
				}
			}

			if isQuietPath && status == 200 {
				xlog.Debug("HTTP request", "method", req.Method, "path", req.URL.Path, "status", status)
			} else {
				xlog.Info("HTTP request", "method", req.Method, "path", req.URL.Path, "status", status)
			}
			return err
		}
	})

	// Recover middleware
	if !application.ApplicationConfig().Debug {
		e.Use(middleware.Recover())
	}

	// Metrics middleware. The metric service was created in
	// application.start() so the OTel global provider is set before any
	// counter is registered (the routing-module billing recorder relies
	// on this). We reuse that instance here rather than calling
	// monitoring.NewLocalAIMetricsService a second time, which would
	// create a second provider, second prometheus exporter, and orphan
	// whichever instance lost the SetMeterProvider race.
	if metricsService := application.MetricsService(); metricsService != nil {
		e.Use(localai.LocalAIMetricsAPIMiddleware(metricsService))
		e.Server.RegisterOnShutdown(func() {
			_ = metricsService.Shutdown()
		})
	}

	// Health Checks should always be exempt from auth, so register these first
	routes.HealthRoutes(e, application.Ready)

	// Build auth middleware: use the new auth.Middleware when auth is enabled or
	// as a unified replacement for the legacy key-auth middleware.
	authMiddleware := auth.Middleware(application.AuthDB(), application.ApplicationConfig())

	// Favicon handler
	e.GET("/favicon.svg", func(c echo.Context) error {
		data, err := embedDirStatic.ReadFile("static/favicon.svg")
		if err != nil {
			return c.NoContent(http.StatusNotFound)
		}
		c.Response().Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/svg+xml")
		return c.Blob(http.StatusOK, "image/svg+xml", data)
	})

	// Static files - use fs.Sub to create a filesystem rooted at "static"
	staticFS, err := fs.Sub(embedDirStatic, "static")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create static filesystem: %w", err)
	}
	e.StaticFS("/static", staticFS)

	// Generated content directories
	if application.ApplicationConfig().GeneratedContentDir != "" {
		os.MkdirAll(application.ApplicationConfig().GeneratedContentDir, 0750)
		audioPath := filepath.Join(application.ApplicationConfig().GeneratedContentDir, "audio")
		imagePath := filepath.Join(application.ApplicationConfig().GeneratedContentDir, "images")
		videoPath := filepath.Join(application.ApplicationConfig().GeneratedContentDir, "videos")
		threeDPath := filepath.Join(application.ApplicationConfig().GeneratedContentDir, "3d")

		os.MkdirAll(audioPath, 0750)
		os.MkdirAll(imagePath, 0750)
		os.MkdirAll(videoPath, 0750)
		_ = os.MkdirAll(threeDPath, 0750)

		// Go's built-in MIME table has no .glb entry and minimal containers
		// ship no /etc/mime.types, so generated GLBs would otherwise be
		// served as application/octet-stream.
		_ = mime.AddExtensionType(".glb", "model/gltf-binary")

		e.Static("/generated-audio", audioPath)
		e.Static("/generated-images", imagePath)
		e.Static("/generated-videos", videoPath)
		e.Static("/generated-3d", threeDPath)
	}

	// Usage recording is initialised in application/startup.go and
	// surfaced via application.StatsRecorder(); routes wire UsageMiddleware
	// against that recorder regardless of auth state.

	// Auth is applied to _all_ endpoints. Filtering out endpoints to bypass is
	// the role of the exempt-path logic inside the middleware.
	e.Use(authMiddleware)

	// Feature and model access control (after auth middleware, before routes)
	if application.AuthDB() != nil {
		e.Use(auth.RequireRouteFeature(application.AuthDB()))
		e.Use(auth.RequireModelAccess(application.AuthDB()))
		e.Use(auth.RequireQuota(application.AuthDB()))
	}

	// CORS middleware. When CORS=true the operator must also specify the
	// allowed origins; an empty allowlist would otherwise let Echo fall back
	// to AllowOrigins=["*"], which is almost never what someone enabling
	// "strict CORS" intended.
	if application.ApplicationConfig().CORS {
		if application.ApplicationConfig().CORSAllowOrigins == "" {
			xlog.Warn("LOCALAI_CORS=true but LOCALAI_CORS_ALLOW_ORIGINS is empty; refusing to register a wildcard CORS policy. Set the allowlist or unset LOCALAI_CORS.")
		} else {
			corsConfig := middleware.CORSConfig{
				AllowOrigins: strings.Split(application.ApplicationConfig().CORSAllowOrigins, ","),
			}
			e.Use(middleware.CORSWithConfig(corsConfig))
		}
	} else {
		e.Use(middleware.CORS())
	}

	// CSRF middleware (enabled by default, disable with LOCALAI_DISABLE_CSRF=true)
	//
	// Protection relies on Echo's Sec-Fetch-Site header check (supported by all
	// modern browsers). The legacy cookie+token approach is removed because
	// Echo's Sec-Fetch-Site short-circuit never sets the cookie, so the frontend
	// could never read a token to send back.
	if !application.ApplicationConfig().DisableCSRF {
		xlog.Debug("Enabling CSRF middleware (Sec-Fetch-Site mode)")
		e.Use(auth.CSRFMiddleware())
	}

	// Admin middleware: enforces admin role when auth is enabled, no-op otherwise
	var adminMiddleware echo.MiddlewareFunc
	if application.AuthDB() != nil {
		adminMiddleware = auth.RequireAdmin()
	} else {
		adminMiddleware = auth.NoopMiddleware()
	}

	// Feature middlewares: per-feature access control
	agentsMw := auth.RequireFeature(application.AuthDB(), auth.FeatureAgents)
	skillsMw := auth.RequireFeature(application.AuthDB(), auth.FeatureSkills)
	collectionsMw := auth.RequireFeature(application.AuthDB(), auth.FeatureCollections)
	mcpJobsMw := auth.RequireFeature(application.AuthDB(), auth.FeatureMCPJobs)

	requestExtractor := httpMiddleware.NewRequestExtractor(application.ModelConfigLoader(), application.ModelLoader(), application.ApplicationConfig())
	requestExtractor.SetFailoverManager(application.FailoverManager())

	// Register auth routes (login, callback, API keys, user management)
	routes.RegisterAuthRoutes(e, application)

	// Register routing-module usage endpoints. Unlike /api/auth/usage
	// these go through the StatsRecorder and work in no-auth single-user
	// mode by attributing requests to the synthetic "local" user.
	routes.RegisterUsageRoutes(e, application)
	routes.RegisterPIIRoutes(e, application)
	routes.RegisterSystemOneRoutes(e, application)
	routes.RegisterMiddlewareRoutes(e, application)

	routes.RegisterElevenLabsRoutes(e, requestExtractor, application.ModelConfigLoader(), application.ModelLoader(), application.ApplicationConfig())

	// Create opcache for tracking UI operations (used by both UI and LocalAI routes)
	var opcache *galleryop.OpCache
	if !application.ApplicationConfig().DisableWebUI {
		opcache = galleryop.NewOpCache(application.GalleryService())
		// In distributed mode, wire the NATS client + gallery store so this
		// replica's OpCache stays in sync with peers — without this the
		// /api/operations endpoint returns whatever this single replica
		// happened to admit, and a load-balanced UI poll alternates between
		// "operation visible" and "operation gone" between replicas.
		if d := application.Distributed(); d != nil {
			opcache.SetMessagingClient(d.Nats)
			if d.DistStores != nil && d.DistStores.Gallery != nil {
				opcache.SetGalleryStore(d.DistStores.Gallery)
			}
			if err := opcache.Start(application.ApplicationConfig().Context); err != nil {
				xlog.Warn("OpCache distributed subscribe failed; running standalone", "error", err)
			}
		}
	}

	mcpMw := auth.RequireFeature(application.AuthDB(), auth.FeatureMCP)
	routes.RegisterLocalAIRoutes(e, requestExtractor, application.ModelConfigLoader(), application.ModelLoader(), application.ApplicationConfig(), application.GalleryService(), opcache, application.TemplatesEvaluator(), application, adminMiddleware, mcpJobsMw, mcpMw)
	routes.RegisterAgentPoolRoutes(e, application, agentsMw, skillsMw, collectionsMw)
	// Fine-tuning routes
	fineTuningMw := auth.RequireFeature(application.AuthDB(), auth.FeatureFineTuning)
	// In distributed mode pass the shared NATS client + PostgreSQL store so
	// fine-tune jobs stay consistent across replicas (the SyncedMap broadcasts
	// mutations and hydrates from the DB); standalone passes nil for both.
	var ftNats messaging.MessagingClient
	var ftStore *distributed.FineTuneStore
	if d := application.Distributed(); d != nil {
		ftNats = d.Nats
		if d.DistStores != nil && d.DistStores.FineTune != nil {
			ftStore = d.DistStores.FineTune
		}
	}
	ftService := finetune.NewFineTuneService(
		application.ApplicationConfig(),
		application.ModelLoader(),
		application.ModelConfigLoader(),
		ftNats,
		ftStore,
	)
	routes.RegisterFineTuningRoutes(e, ftService, application.ApplicationConfig(), application, fineTuningMw)

	// Quantization routes
	quantizationMw := auth.RequireFeature(application.AuthDB(), auth.FeatureQuantization)
	// In distributed mode pass the shared NATS client + PostgreSQL store so
	// quantization jobs stay consistent across replicas (the SyncedMap broadcasts
	// mutations and hydrates from the DB); standalone passes nil for both.
	var quantNats messaging.MessagingClient
	var quantStore *distributed.QuantStore
	if d := application.Distributed(); d != nil {
		quantNats = d.Nats
		if d.DistStores != nil && d.DistStores.Quant != nil {
			quantStore = d.DistStores.Quant
		}
	}
	qService := quantization.NewQuantizationService(
		application.ApplicationConfig(),
		application.ModelLoader(),
		application.ModelConfigLoader(),
		quantNats,
		quantStore,
	)
	routes.RegisterQuantizationRoutes(e, qService, application.ApplicationConfig(), application, quantizationMw)

	// Node management routes (distributed mode)
	distCfg := application.ApplicationConfig().Distributed
	var registry *nodes.NodeRegistry
	var remoteUnloader nodes.NodeCommandSender
	var workerHTTPDial nodes.WorkerNetDialerFor
	if d := application.Distributed(); d != nil {
		registry = d.Registry
		workerHTTPDial = d.WorkerHTTPDial
		if d.Router != nil {
			remoteUnloader = d.Router.Unloader()
		}
	}
	natsCfg := distCfg.NatsAuthConfig()
	routes.RegisterNodeSelfServiceRoutes(e, registry, distCfg.RegistrationToken, distCfg.AutoApproveNodes, application.AuthDB(), application.ApplicationConfig().Auth.APIKeyHMACSecret, natsCfg)
	routes.RegisterNodeAdminRoutes(e, registry, remoteUnloader, application.GalleryService(), opcache, application.ApplicationConfig(), adminMiddleware, application.AuthDB(), application.ApplicationConfig().Auth.APIKeyHMACSecret, application.ApplicationConfig().Distributed.RegistrationToken, natsCfg, workerHTTPDial)

	// Distributed SSE routes (job progress + agent events via NATS)
	if d := application.Distributed(); d != nil {
		if d.Dispatcher != nil {
			e.GET("/api/agent/jobs/:id/progress", d.Dispatcher.SSEHandler(), mcpJobsMw)
		}
		if d.AgentBridge != nil {
			e.GET("/api/agents/:name/sse/distributed", d.AgentBridge.SSEHandler(), agentsMw)
		}
	}

	routes.RegisterOpenAIRoutes(e, requestExtractor, application)
	routes.RegisterAnthropicRoutes(e, requestExtractor, application)
	routes.RegisterOpenResponsesRoutes(e, requestExtractor, application)
	routes.RegisterOllamaRoutes(e, requestExtractor, application)
	if application.ApplicationConfig().OllamaAPIRootEndpoint {
		routes.RegisterOllamaRootEndpoint(e)
	}
	if !application.ApplicationConfig().DisableWebUI {
		routes.RegisterUIAPIRoutes(e, application.ModelConfigLoader(), application.ModelLoader(), application.ApplicationConfig(), application.GalleryService(), opcache, application, adminMiddleware)
		routes.RegisterUIRoutes(e, application.ModelConfigLoader(), application.ApplicationConfig(), application.GalleryService(), adminMiddleware)

		// Serve React SPA from / with SPA fallback via 404 handler
		reactFS, fsErr := fs.Sub(reactUI, "react-ui/dist")
		if fsErr != nil {
			xlog.Warn("React UI not available (build with 'make core/http/react-ui/dist')", "error", fsErr)
		} else {
			serveIndex := func(c echo.Context) error {
				indexHTML, err := reactUI.ReadFile("react-ui/dist/index.html")
				if err != nil {
					return c.String(http.StatusNotFound, "React UI not built")
				}
				// index.html names the content-hashed bundles, so it must never
				// be cached: a stale copy pins the browser to the previous
				// deploy's assets.
				c.Response().Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
				// Inject <base href> for reverse-proxy support; baseURL comes
				// from attacker-controllable Host / X-Forwarded-Host headers.
				baseURL := httpMiddleware.BaseURL(c)
				if baseURL != "" {
					baseTag := `<base href="` + httpMiddleware.SecureBaseHref(baseURL) + `" />`
					indexHTML = []byte(strings.Replace(string(indexHTML), "<head>", "<head>\n  "+baseTag, 1))
				}
				// <base href> only changes how relative URLs resolve; path-absolute
				// URLs (those starting with `/`) still resolve against the origin
				// and would bypass the reverse-proxy prefix. Rewrite the internal
				// path-absolute references emitted by the build so the browser
				// requests them through the proxy under the prefix.
				//
				// HTML-escape the prefix before interpolating it into attributes:
				// BasePathPrefix already gates X-Forwarded-Prefix via
				// SafeForwardedPrefix, but the validator only blocks open-redirect
				// shapes (// prefix, backslashes, control chars), not attribute
				// breakout characters like `"`. Escaping makes this resilient
				// even if the validator ever loosens.
				if prefix := httpMiddleware.BasePathPrefix(c); prefix != "/" {
					safePrefix := httpMiddleware.SecureBaseHref(prefix)
					html := string(indexHTML)
					html = strings.ReplaceAll(html, `="/assets/`, `="`+safePrefix+`assets/`)
					html = strings.ReplaceAll(html, `="/favicon.svg"`, `="`+safePrefix+`favicon.svg"`)
					indexHTML = []byte(html)
				}
				return c.HTMLBlob(http.StatusOK, indexHTML)
			}

			// Enable SPA fallback in the 404 handler for client-side routing
			spaFallback = serveIndex

			// Serve React SPA at /app
			e.GET("/app", serveIndex)
			e.GET("/app/*", serveIndex)

			// prefixRedirect performs a redirect that preserves X-Forwarded-Prefix
			// for reverse-proxy support. The prefix is forgeable on misconfigured
			// proxy chains, so reject anything that isn't a same-origin path.
			prefixRedirect := func(c echo.Context, target string) error {
				if prefix, ok := httpMiddleware.SafeForwardedPrefix(c.Request().Header.Get("X-Forwarded-Prefix")); ok {
					target = strings.TrimSuffix(prefix, "/") + target
				}
				return c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, target)
			}

			// Redirect / to /app
			e.GET("/", func(c echo.Context) error {
				return prefixRedirect(c, "/app")
			})

			// Backward compatibility: redirect /browse/* to /app/*
			e.GET("/browse", func(c echo.Context) error {
				return prefixRedirect(c, "/app")
			})
			e.GET("/browse/*", func(c echo.Context) error {
				p := c.Param("*")
				return prefixRedirect(c, "/app/"+p)
			})

			// Serve React static assets (JS, CSS, etc.) and i18n locale JSONs
			// from the embedded React build. cacheControl is stamped on every
			// hit so the browser can reuse the bytes instead of re-fetching
			// ~1.8 MB of bundle on each navigation.
			serveReactSubdir := func(subdir, cacheControl string) echo.HandlerFunc {
				return func(c echo.Context) error {
					p := subdir + "/" + c.Param("*")
					f, err := reactFS.Open(p)
					if err == nil {
						defer f.Close()
						stat, statErr := f.Stat()
						if statErr == nil && !stat.IsDir() {
							contentType := mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(p))
							if contentType == "" {
								contentType = echo.MIMEOctetStream
							}
							if cacheControl != "" {
								c.Response().Header().Set("Cache-Control", cacheControl)
							}
							return c.Stream(http.StatusOK, contentType, f)
						}
					}
					return echo.NewHTTPError(http.StatusNotFound)
				}
			}
			// Vite content-hashes everything under /assets (Manage-DrwQK63f.js),
			// so a given URL can never change content: cache it for a year and
			// skip revalidation entirely. Locale JSONs keep stable names, so
			// they only get a short TTL.
			e.GET("/assets/*", serveReactSubdir("assets", immutableAssetCacheControl))
			e.GET("/locales/*", serveReactSubdir("locales", "public, max-age=300"))
		}
	}
	routes.RegisterJINARoutes(e, requestExtractor, application.ModelConfigLoader(), application.ModelLoader(), application.ApplicationConfig())

	// Note: 404 handling is done via HTTPErrorHandler above, no need for catch-all route

	// HTTP server timeouts.
	//
	//   - ReadHeaderTimeout: bounds the slow-headers Slowloris case. 30s is
	//     enough for a real client on a poor connection but cuts off a
	//     drip-feeding attacker.
	//   - IdleTimeout: bounds idle keep-alive connections.
	//
	// We deliberately leave ReadTimeout and WriteTimeout at 0:
	//   - Request bodies can be multi-GB model/dataset uploads.
	//   - Chat-completion and SSE responses can stream for many minutes.
	// Operators who need stricter limits should front the server with a
	// reverse proxy that terminates slow clients per-request.
	e.Server.ReadHeaderTimeout = 30 * time.Second
	e.Server.IdleTimeout = 120 * time.Second

	// Log startup message
	e.Server.RegisterOnShutdown(func() {
		xlog.Info("LocalAI API server shutting down")
	})

	return e, nil
}