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'Light' : 'Dark'; } // Apply theme once jtd is ready function tryApply() { if (typeof jtd !== 'undefined' && typeof jtd.setTheme === 'function') { jtd.setTheme(theme); } else { setTimeout(tryApply, 50); } } tryApply(); })(); </script> </div> <div class="main-content-wrap"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb" class="breadcrumb-nav"> <ol class="breadcrumb-nav-list"> <li class="breadcrumb-nav-list-item"><a href="/Meshtastic-Android/en/developer.html">Developer Guide</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-nav-list-item"><span>Transport</span></li> </ol> </nav> <div id="main-content" class="main-content"> <main> <h1 id="transport"> <a href="#transport" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="transport"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Transport </h1> <p>Meshtastic communicates between the app and radio hardware through multiple transport mechanisms.</p> <h2 id="transport-abstraction"> <a href="#transport-abstraction" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="transport-abstraction"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Transport Abstraction </h2> <p>The transport layer is abstracted through interfaces defined in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core:repository</code> (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioTransport</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioTransportFactory</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioInterfaceService</code>), with the concrete transports implemented in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core:network</code> (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">BleRadioTransport</code>, TCP, mock/replay) and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core:ble</code>. This lets the app work identically regardless of the underlying connection type.</p> <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>App ← RadioController → Transport (BLE | Serial | TCP)
</code></pre></div></div> <h2 id="bluetooth-low-energy-ble"> <a href="#bluetooth-low-energy-ble" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="bluetooth-low-energy-ble"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) </h2> <p><strong>Module:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core:ble</code><br /> <strong>Platforms:</strong> Android, Desktop (JVM via Kable), iOS (planned)</p> <p>The primary transport for mobile devices and also available on desktop:</p> <ul> <li>Service discovery for Meshtastic GATT services</li> <li>Characteristic-based read/write for protobuf packets</li> <li>Connection state management and automatic reconnection</li> <li>MTU negotiation for optimal packet sizes</li> </ul> <h3 id="key-classes"> <a href="#key-classes" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="key-classes"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Key Classes </h3> <ul> <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core/ble/</code> — BLE scanning, connection, and GATT operations</li> <li>Platform-specific implementations in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">androidMain</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">jvmMain</code> (Kable)</li> </ul> <h2 id="usb-serial"> <a href="#usb-serial" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="usb-serial"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> USB Serial </h2> <p><strong>Module:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core:network</code><br /> <strong>Platforms:</strong> Android (OTG), Desktop</p> <p>Serial communication over USB:</p> <ul> <li>Uses <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">usb-serial-for-android</code> library on Android</li> <li>Direct serial port access on Desktop (JVM)</li> <li>Probe table for supported USB vendor/product IDs</li> <li>Automatic detection when USB device is connected</li> </ul> <h3 id="key-classes-1"> <a href="#key-classes-1" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="key-classes-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Key Classes </h3> <ul> <li>Serial prober and transport factory in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core/network</code></li> <li>Desktop-specific serial in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">desktopApp/src/main/kotlin/.../radio/</code></li> </ul> <h2 id="tcpip"> <a href="#tcpip" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="tcpip"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> TCP/IP </h2> <p><strong>Module:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core:network</code><br /> <strong>Platforms:</strong> Android, Desktop (iOS: code compiles, but there’s no iOS app target or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioTransportFactory</code> yet — see Transport Factory below)</p> <p>Network-based transport for WiFi-enabled radios:</p> <ul> <li>TCP socket connection to radio’s IP address</li> <li>Default port: 4403</li> <li>Used for development with simulated radios</li> <li>Available when BLE/USB is impractical</li> </ul> <h2 id="transport-factory"> <a href="#transport-factory" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="transport-factory"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Transport Factory </h2> <p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioTransportFactory</code> interface abstracts transport creation:</p> <div class="language-kotlin highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">RadioTransportFactory</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">val</span> <span class="py">supportedDeviceTypes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nc">List</span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nc">DeviceType</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">createTransport</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">service</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nc">RadioInterfaceService</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nc">RadioTransport</span>
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">isMockTransport</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="nc">Boolean</span>
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">isAddressValid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">address</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">?):</span> <span class="nc">Boolean</span>
<span class="k">fun</span> <span class="nf">toInterfaceAddress</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">interfaceId</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nc">InterfaceId</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rest</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nc">String</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nc">String</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div> <p>Platform-specific implementations:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Android:</strong> Supports BLE + USB + TCP</li> <li><strong>Desktop:</strong> Supports BLE (Kable) + USB + TCP</li> <li><strong>iOS:</strong> Planned BLE + TCP</li> </ul> <h2 id="connection-lifecycle"> <a href="#connection-lifecycle" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="connection-lifecycle"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Connection Lifecycle </h2> <ol> <li><strong>Discovery</strong> — Scan for available radios (BLE scan / USB detect / manual TCP)</li> <li><strong>Connection</strong> — Establish link to selected radio</li> <li><strong>Handshake</strong> — Exchange node info and configuration</li> <li><strong>Active</strong> — Normal message exchange</li> <li><strong>Disconnection</strong> — Clean teardown or error recovery</li> </ol> <h2 id="adding-a-new-transport"> <a href="#adding-a-new-transport" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="adding-a-new-transport"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Adding a New Transport </h2> <ol> <li>Implement <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioTransport</code> interface</li> <li>Register in platform-specific <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RadioTransportFactory</code></li> <li>Add connection UI in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">feature:connections</code></li> <li>Update DI bindings for the platform</li> </ol><hr /> </main> <hr> <footer> <footer class="site-footer"> Copyright &copy; 2026 Meshtastic LLC. Distributed under the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html">GPL v3 License.</a> </footer> <div class="d-sm-block d-md-none"> <div class="mt-4 fs-2"> This site uses <a href="https://github.com/just-the-docs/just-the-docs">Just the Docs</a>, a documentation theme for Jekyll. </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="search-overlay"></div> </div> </body> </html>
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