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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="it-rIT" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Settings — Radio & User</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../styles/docs.css">
</head>
<body data-page="settings-radio-user" data-locale="it-rIT">
<pre class="markdown-content"># Settings — Radio &amp; User
Configure your radio hardware and user identity parameters.
## Impostazioni Utente
### User Profile
Impostazione | Descrizione |
----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Nome Lungo | Your display name (up to 39 characters) |
Nome Breve | 4-character abbreviated name |
Licensed Operator | Enable if you hold an amateur radio license (enables higher power) |
### Applying Changes
After modifying settings, tap **Save** to write the configuration to your radio. The device may reboot to apply changes.
## Configurazione
### Configurazione Dispositivo
Impostazione | Descrizione | Predefinito |
------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
Ruolo | Node behavior (Client, Router, etc.) | Client |
Modalità Ritrasmissione | How the node retransmits messages | Tutti |
Node Info Broadcast (s) | Interval for broadcasting node info | 10800 |
Double-tap Button | Action for double-tap button press | Disabled |
### Configurazione LoRa
Impostazione | Descrizione | Predefinito |
-------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
Regione | Regulatory region for frequency bands | Unset (must configure) |
Configurazione Modem | Speed/range tradeoff | LongFast |
Limite di hop | Maximum retransmit hops | 3 |
TX Power | Transmission power (dBm); 0 = max allowed for region | 0 (region max) |
Offset Di Frequenza | Fine-tune frequency (MHz) | 0 |
Channel Bandwidth | Bandwidth setting | Default for preset |
&gt; ⚠️ **Important:** You **must** set your region before transmitting. Operating without the correct region may violate local radio regulations. See the [region configuration guide](https://meshtastic.org/docs/getting-started/initial-config) on meshtastic.org for details.
### Modem Presets
&gt; 💡 **Tip:** The **SNR Limit** values are negative on purpose. LoRa can decode signals _below_ the noise floor, so a more-negative limit means the preset tolerates a weaker, noisier signal (more range). See [How the Signal Meter Works](signal-meter) for the full explanation.
Preset | Range | Velocità | SNR Limit | Best For |
------------------ | ----------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Short Turbo | ~1 km | 21.9 kbps | −7.5 dB | Dense urban with line-of-sight; data-heavy applications |
Short Fast | ~3 km | 10.9 kbps | −7.5 dB | Urban neighborhoods; buildings within a few blocks |
Short Slow | ~5 km | 5.5 kbps | −10 dB | Suburban short-range; moderate building density |
Medium Fast | ~5 km | 5.5 kbps | −12.5 dB | Suburban areas; moderate building density |
Medium Slow | ~8 km | 1.1 kbps | −15 dB | Suburban/rural; moderate range with slower speed |
Long Turbo | ~10 km | 4.4 kbps | −12.5 dB | Similar range to Long Fast but with 500 kHz bandwidth; faster throughput |
Long Fast | ~10 km | 1.1 kbps | −17.5 dB | **General use (default)** — balanced range and speed |
Long Moderate | ~20 km | 0,34 kbps | −17.5 dB | Rural with some terrain; occasional use |
Lite Fast | ~5 km | 5.5 kbps | −12.5 dB | EU 866 MHz SRD band (125 kHz BW); comparable to Medium Fast |
Lite Slow | ~10 km | 1.1 kbps | −15 dB | EU 866 MHz SRD band (125 kHz BW); comparable to Long Fast |
Narrow Fast | ~5 km | 2.7 kbps | −10 dB | EU 868 MHz band (62.5 kHz BW); avoids interference with other devices |
Narrow Slow | ~10 km | 1.1 kbps | −12.5 dB | EU 868 MHz band (62.5 kHz BW); comparable to Long Fast |
~~Long Slow~~ | ~30 km | 0,18 kbps | −20 dB | ⚠️ **Deprecated** — still selectable but may be removed in a future firmware release |
~~Very Long Slow~~ | ~40+ km | 0.09 kbps | −20 dB | ⚠️ **Deprecated** — still selectable but may be removed in a future firmware release |
&gt; ℹ️ **Note:** This table uses the common short names. In the app's preset dropdown they read as **Short Range - Fast**, **Long Range - Fast**, **Lite - Fast**, **Narrow - Fast**, and so on.
#### Choosing a Modem Preset
The modem preset controls the fundamental tradeoff between **range** and **data rate**:
- **Slower presets** use more spreading, making signals decodable at weaker signal levels (lower SNR limit). This means longer range but fewer bytes per second.
- **Faster presets** pack more data per transmission but require a stronger signal to decode.
**Practical guidance:**
- **Urban mesh (many nodes, short distances):** Use **Long Fast** (default) or **Short Fast**. Higher speed means less airtime congestion when many nodes share the channel.
- **Rural/sparse mesh (few nodes, long distances):** Use **Long Moderate**. Range matters more than speed when nodes are far apart.
- **EU 866/868 MHz regulatory compliance:** Use **Lite Fast**, **Lite Slow**, **Narrow Fast**, or **Narrow Slow** — these are optimized for the EU SRD/868 MHz bands with narrower bandwidths.
- **Fixed infrastructure links:** Use **Short Turbo** or **Long Turbo** for dedicated point-to-point links with good antennas and line-of-sight.
- **Mixed environments:** Stick with **Long Fast** — it's the community default and ensures compatibility with others in your area.
&gt; ⚠️ **Important:** All nodes on the same channel **must** use the same modem preset. Nodes with mismatched presets cannot communicate even if they share the same frequency and encryption key.
&gt; 💡 **Tip:** The range estimates above assume flat terrain and modest antennas. Elevation advantage (hilltop, rooftop) dramatically increases effective range. A well-placed Router with Long Fast can often outperform a ground-level node with Long Slow.
### Configurazione Schermo
Impostazione | Descrizione |
-------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
Timeout Schermo | Time before display sleeps |
Mostra Unità | Metric or Imperial |
Tipo OLED | Auto, SSD1306, SH1106, SH1107 |
Orientamento bussola | Rotation offset for compass display (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) |
~~Compass North~~ | ⚠️ **Deprecated** — replaced by Compass Orientation; still visible in older firmware |
### Configurazione Posizione
Impostazione | Descrizione |
----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
GPS Enabled | Enable/disable GPS |
Intervallo di aggiornamento GPS | How often to acquire GPS fix |
Position Broadcast (s) | How often to share position |
Posizione Smart | Enable movement-based broadcasting |
Posizione Fissa | Use a manually set position |
### Configurazione Alimentazione
Impostazione | Descrizione |
--------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
Risparmio energetico | Enable low-power sleep mode |
Shutdown After (s) | Auto-shutdown idle timer |
ADC Multiplier | Battery voltage calibration factor |
Wait Bluetooth (s) | Time to wait for BLE connection at boot |
Mesh SDS Timeout (s) | Super-deep-sleep timeout |
### Configurazione Della Rete
Impostazione | Descrizione |
-------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
WiFi abilitato | Enable WiFi radio (ESP32 devices) |
SSID WiFi | Network name to connect to |
WiFi PSK | Password di rete |
Server NTP | Time synchronization server |
Syslog Server | Remote logging server |
![IP address field](../../assets/screenshots/settings_ipv4_field.png)
### Configurazione Bluetooth
Impostazione | Descrizione |
----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Bluetooth Enabled | Enable/disable BLE radio |
Modalità di abbinamento | Fixed PIN, Random PIN, or No PIN |
PIN Fisso | PIN code for pairing (default: 123456) |
### Configurazione Sicurezza
Impostazione | Descrizione |
------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Chiave Pubblica | Your node's public key (read-only) |
Chiave Amministratore | Key for remote administration |
Chiave Privata | Your node's private key (handle securely) |
~~Admin Channel Enabled~~ | ⚠️ Removed — now configured automatically when an admin key is set |
Log di debug | Output live debug logging over serial/bluetooth |
Serial Enabled | Enable serial console access (moved from Device Config) |
Modalità Gestita | Restrict non-admin channel changes |
Backup chiavi | Save an encrypted backup of the node's keys on this device (Android only) |
Restore Keys | Write the backed-up keys back to the node (available once a backup exists) |
Delete Key Backup | Remove the stored key backup from this device |
Protection Level | Packet authenticity — how unsigned or relayed packets are treated: **Strict**, **Balanced**, or **Compatible** (requires supporting firmware; Strict asks for confirmation) |
![Password field](../../assets/screenshots/settings_password_field.png)
Settings use standard preference controls — dropdowns, toggles, and sliders:
Control | Screenshot |
-------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
Dropdown | ![Dropdown](../../assets/screenshots/settings_dropdown.png) |
Toggle | ![Toggle](../../assets/screenshots/settings_switch.png) |
Slider | ![Slider](../../assets/screenshots/settings_slider.png) |
## Related Topics
- [Settings — Modules &amp; Admin](settings-module-admin) — optional feature modules and device administration
- [Signal Meter](signal-meter) — how modem presets affect signal quality thresholds
- [LoRa configuration](https://meshtastic.org/docs/configuration/radio/lora) — detailed LoRa settings reference on meshtastic.org
- [Initial configuration](https://meshtastic.org/docs/getting-started/initial-config) — region setup guide on meshtastic.org
---
</pre>
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