v2: Project-and-CI-wide linter config (#2812)

* v2: split golangci-lint configuration into its own file to allow code editors to take advantage of it

* v2: simplify code

* v2: set the correct lint output formatting

* v2: invert the logic of linter's configuration of output formatting to allow the editor  convenience over CI-specific customization. Customize the output format in CI by passing the flag.

* v2: remove irrelevant golangci-lint config
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