Add G_BEGIN_DECLS/G_END_DECLS to public headers

This ensures that we correctly specify C linkage when including flatpak
headers from C++ code.

This should fix fallout from glib's change to include C++ code in its
headers, see https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/glib/-/merge_requests/1935
for discussion.

Fixes https://github.com/flatpak/flatpak/issues/4117

(cherry picked from commit 426284759c)
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