dir: Check for appstream updates using P2P code

This commit breaks out the code in flatpak_dir_check_for_update() that
finds the latest revision of a ref into its own function and uses it in
flatpak_dir_check_for_appstream_update(). This allows appstream updates
to work even for offline machines.

Fixes https://github.com/flatpak/flatpak/issues/1404

Closes: #1397
Approved by: alexlarsson
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