deploy: Do required-version check on deploy too

We only checked this in transaction. This is now the recommended way to installation
via libflatpak too, but if you use the old API this check also ensures that
installation fails if the required version is too old.

Also, we add a specific error code for this so callers can check for it.

Fixes https://github.com/flatpak/flatpak/issues/881

Closes: #1755
Approved by: alexlarsson
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