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https://github.com/flatpak/flatpak.git
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fe2536b844
These are subsets of the host keyword, which provide access to operating system files but not to users' personal files. In particular, the experimental support for namespace-based sandboxes in the Steam Runtime[1] uses the graphics stack from the host system, which requires access to the host /usr/libQUAL, /libQUAL (even if the host OS has undergone the /usr merge, the canonical paths of ELF interpreters start with /lib), /etc/ld.so.cache, and for some libraries on Debian-based systems, /etc/alternatives. It will not be possible to do similar things in Flatpak without either allowing full host filesystem access (which exposes personal files, and in any case cannot be done by the Steam app because it is incompatible with --persist=.), or adding the ability to expose /usr and related directories without including the rest of the host filesystem. To the best of my knowledge, host-etc is not necessary for anything; I've mainly provided it for symmetry, since it's the other significant thing that we mount in /run/host and cannot get via --filesystem=/path. Some notes on the security/privacy implications of the new keywords: - Neither new keyword allows anything that was not already allowed by "host". - Neither new keyword can allow anything that was not already allowed to the user outside the sandbox. - "host-os" allows enumeration of the installed packages on the host system, and often their version numbers too. A malicious app could use this to look for exploitable security vulnerabilities on the host system. An app could also use this for fingerprinting, although this is not a regression, because the systemd/D-Bus machine ID, MAC addresses, hostname, kernel boot UUID, DMI product ID and many other unique or relatively unique properties are already available inside the sandbox. - "host-os" allows read access, and possibly write access (if the user has it outside the sandbox, for example members of group 'staff' in older Debian installations), to /usr/local. - "host-etc" allows reading configuration files whose contents might be considered sensitive, such as /etc/passwd. [1] https://steamcommunity.com/app/221410/discussions/0/1638675549018366706/ Signed-off-by: Simon McVittie <smcv@collabora.com>
614 lines
26 KiB
XML
614 lines
26 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry id="flatpak-run">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>flatpak run</title>
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<productname>flatpak</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Alexander</firstname>
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<surname>Larsson</surname>
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<email>alexl@redhat.com</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>flatpak run</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>flatpak-run</refname>
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<refpurpose>Run an application or open a shell in a runtime</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>flatpak run</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTION</arg>
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<arg choice="plain">REF</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARG</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>
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If <arg choice="plain">REF</arg> names an installed application,
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flatpak runs the application in a sandboxed environment. Extra
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arguments are passed on to the application.
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</para>
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<para>
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If <arg choice="plain">REF</arg> names a runtime, a shell is opened in the
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runtime. This is useful for development and testing.
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</para>
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<para>
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By default, flatpak will look for the application or runtime in all per-user
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and system installations. This can be overridden with the <option>--user</option>,
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<option>--system</option> and <option>--installation</option> options.
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</para>
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<para>
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flatpak creates a sandboxed environment for the application to run in
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by mounting the right runtime at <filename>/usr</filename> and a writable
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directory at <filename>/var</filename>, whose content is preserved between
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application runs. The application itself is mounted at <filename>/app</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The details of the sandboxed environment are controlled by the application
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metadata and various options like <option>--share</option> and <option>--socket</option>
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that are passed to the run command: Access is allowed if it was requested either
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in the application metadata file or with an option and the user hasn't overridden it.
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</para>
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<para>
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The remaining arguments are passed to the command that gets run in the sandboxed
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environment. See the <option>--file-forwarding</option> option for handling of file
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arguments.
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</para>
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<para>
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Environment variables are generally passed on to the sandboxed application, with
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certain exceptions. The application metadata can override environment variables,
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as well as the <option>--env</option> option. Apart from that, Flatpak always
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unsets or overrides the following variables, since their session values
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are likely to interfere with the functioning of the sandbox:
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</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>PATH</member>
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<member>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</member>
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<member>XDG_CONFIG_DIRS</member>
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<member>XDG_DATA_DIRS</member>
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<member>SHELL</member>
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<member>TMPDIR</member>
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<member>PYTHONPATH</member>
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<member>PERLLIB</member>
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<member>PERL5LIB</member>
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<member>XCURSOR_PATH</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>
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Flatpak also overrides the XDG environment variables to point sandboxed applications
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at their writable filesystem locations below <filename>~/.var/app/$APPID/</filename>:
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</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>XDG_DATA_HOME</member>
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<member>XDG_CONFIG_HOME</member>
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<member>XDG_CACHE_HOME</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>
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The host values of these variables are made available inside the sandbox via these
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HOST_-prefixed variables:
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</para>
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<simplelist>
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<member>HOST_XDG_DATA_HOME</member>
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<member>HOST_XDG_CONFIG_HOME</member>
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<member>HOST_XDG_CACHE_HOME</member>
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</simplelist>
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<para>
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Flatpak sets the environment variable <envar>FLATPAK_ID</envar> to the application
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ID of the running app.
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</para>
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<para>
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If parental controls support is enabled, flatpak will check the
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current user’s parental controls settings, and will refuse to
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run an app if it is blacklisted for the current user.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Show help options and exit.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--user</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Look for the application and runtime in per-user installations.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Look for the application and runtime in the default system-wide installations.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--installation=NAME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Look for the application and runtime in the system-wide installation specified
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by <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg>
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among those defined in <filename>/etc/flatpak/installations.d/</filename>.
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Using <option>--installation=default</option> is equivalent to using
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<option>--system</option>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-v</option></term>
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<term><option>--verbose</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Print debug information during command processing.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--ostree-verbose</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Print OSTree debug information during command processing.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--arch=ARCH</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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The architecture to run. See <command>flatpak --supported-arches</command>
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for architectures supported by the host.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--command=COMMAND</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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The command to run instead of the one listed in the application metadata.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--cwd=DIR</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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The directory to run the command in. Note that this must be a directory
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inside the sandbox.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--branch=BRANCH</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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The branch to use.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-d</option></term>
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<term><option>--devel</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Use the devel runtime that is specified in the application metadata instead of the regular runtime, and use a seccomp profile that is less likely to break development tools.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--runtime=RUNTIME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Use this runtime instead of the one that is specified in the application metadata.
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This is a full tuple, like for example <arg choice="plain">org.freedesktop.Sdk/x86_64/1.2</arg>, but
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partial tuples are allowed. Any empty or missing parts are filled in with the corresponding
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values specified by the app.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--runtime-version=VERSION</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Use this version of the runtime instead of the one that is specified in the application metadata.
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This overrides any version specified with the --runtime option.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--share=SUBSYSTEM</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Share a subsystem with the host session. This overrides
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">SUBSYSTEM</arg> must be one of: network, ipc.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--unshare=SUBSYSTEM</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Don't share a subsystem with the host session. This overrides
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">SUBSYSTEM</arg> must be one of: network, ipc.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--socket=SOCKET</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Expose a well known socket to the application. This overrides to
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">SOCKET</arg> must be one of: x11, wayland, fallback-x11, pulseaudio, system-bus, session-bus,
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ssh-auth, pcsc, cups.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--nosocket=SOCKET</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Don't expose a well known socket to the application. This overrides to
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">SOCKET</arg> must be one of: x11, wayland, fallback-x11, pulseaudio, system-bus, session-bus,
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ssh-auth, pcsc, cups.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--device=DEVICE</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Expose a device to the application. This overrides to
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">DEVICE</arg> must be one of: dri, kvm, shm, all.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--nodevice=DEVICE</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Don't expose a device to the application. This overrides to
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">DEVICE</arg> must be one of: dri, kvm, shm, all.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--allow=FEATURE</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Allow access to a specific feature. This overrides to
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">FEATURE</arg> must be one of: devel, multiarch, bluetooth.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para><para>
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See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>flatpak-build-finish</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for the meaning of the various features.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--disallow=FEATURE</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Disallow access to a specific feature. This overrides to
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the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">FEATURE</arg> must be one of: devel, multiarch, bluetooth.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--filesystem=FILESYSTEM</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Allow the application access to a subset of the filesystem.
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This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">FILESYSTEM</arg> can be one of: home, host, host-os, host-etc, xdg-desktop, xdg-documents, xdg-download,
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xdg-music, xdg-pictures, xdg-public-share, xdg-templates, xdg-videos,
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xdg-run, xdg-config, xdg-cache, xdg-data,
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an absolute path, or a homedir-relative path like ~/dir or paths
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relative to the xdg dirs, like xdg-download/subdir.
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The optional :ro suffix indicates that the location will be read-only.
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The optional :create suffix indicates that the location will be read-write and created if it doesn't exist.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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See the "[Context] filesystems" list in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flatpak-metadata</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details of the meanings of these filesystems.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--nofilesystem=FILESYSTEM</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Remove access to the specified subset of the filesystem from
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the application. This overrides to the Context section from the
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application metadata.
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<arg choice="plain">FILESYSTEM</arg> can be one of: home, host, host-os, host-etc, xdg-desktop, xdg-documents, xdg-download,
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xdg-music, xdg-pictures, xdg-public-share, xdg-templates, xdg-videos,
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an absolute path, or a homedir-relative path like ~/dir.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--add-policy=SUBSYSTEM.KEY=VALUE</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Add generic policy option. For example, "--add-policy=subsystem.key=v1 --add-policy=subsystem.key=v2" would map to this metadata:
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<programlisting>
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[Policy subsystem]
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key=v1;v2;
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</programlisting>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--remove-policy=SUBSYSTEM.KEY=VALUE</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Remove generic policy option. This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--env=VAR=VALUE</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Set an environment variable in the application.
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This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--own-name=NAME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Allow the application to own the well known name <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> on the session bus.
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If <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> ends with .*, it allows the application to own all matching names.
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This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--talk-name=NAME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Allow the application to talk to the well known name <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> on the session bus.
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If <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> ends with .*, it allows the application to talk to all matching names.
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This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-talk-name=NAME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Don't allow the application to talk to the well known name <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> on the session bus.
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If <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> ends with .*, it allows the application to talk to all matching names.
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This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system-own-name=NAME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Allow the application to own the well known name <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> on the system bus.
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If <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> ends with .*, it allows the application to own all matching names.
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This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system-talk-name=NAME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Allow the application to talk to the well known name <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> on the system bus.
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If <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> ends with .*, it allows the application to talk to all matching names.
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This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
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This option can be used multiple times.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--system-no-talk-name=NAME</option></term>
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<listitem><para>
|
||
Don't allow the application to talk to the well known name <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> on the system bus.
|
||
If <arg choice="plain">NAME</arg> ends with .*, it allows the application to talk to all matching names.
|
||
This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
|
||
This option can be used multiple times.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--persist=FILENAME</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
If the application doesn't have access to the real homedir, make the (homedir-relative) path
|
||
<arg choice="plain">FILENAME</arg> a bind mount to the corresponding path in the per-application directory,
|
||
allowing that location to be used for persistent data.
|
||
This overrides to the Context section from the application metadata.
|
||
This option can be used multiple times.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--no-session-bus</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Run this instance without the filtered access to the session dbus connection. Note, this is the default when run with --sandbox.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--session-bus</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Allow filtered access to the session dbus connection. This is the default, except when run with --sandbox.
|
||
</para><para>
|
||
Isandbox mode, even if you allow access to the session bus the sandbox cannot talk to or own
|
||
the application ids (org.the.App.*) on the bus (unless explicitly added), only names in the
|
||
.Sandbox subset (org.the.App.Sandbox.*).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--no-a11y-bus</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Run this instance without the access to the accessibility bus. Note, this is the default when run with --sandbox.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--a11y-bus</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Allow access to the accessibility bus. This is the default, except when run with --sandbox.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--sandbox</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Run the application in sandboxed mode, which means dropping all the extra permissions it would otherwise have, as
|
||
well as access to the session/system/a11y busses and document portal.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--log-session-bus</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Log session bus traffic. This can be useful to see what access you need to allow in
|
||
your D-Bus policy.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--log-system-bus</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Log system bus traffic. This can be useful to see what access you need to allow in
|
||
your D-Bus policy.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-p</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--die-with-parent</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Kill the entire sandbox when the launching process dies.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--parent-pid=PID</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Specifies the pid of the "parent" flatpak, used by --parent-expose-pids.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--parent-expose-pids</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
Make the processes of the new sandbox visible in the sandbox of the parent flatpak, as defined
|
||
by --parent-pid.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--file-forwarding</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>
|
||
If this option is specified, the remaining arguments are scanned, and all arguments
|
||
that are enclosed between a pair of '@@' arguments are interpreted as file paths,
|
||
exported in the document store, and passed to the command in the form of the
|
||
resulting document path. Arguments between '@@u' and '@@' are considered uris,
|
||
and any file: uris are exported. The exports are non-persistent and with read and write
|
||
permissions for the application.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Examples</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
<command>$ flatpak run org.gnome.gedit</command>
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<command>$ flatpak run --devel --command=bash org.gnome.Builder</command>
|
||
</para>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<command>$ flatpak run --command=bash org.gnome.Sdk</command>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See also</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flatpak</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flatpak-override</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>flatpak-enter</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|