diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index ead788319..5b8787714 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@
 *~
 *.DS_Store
 credentials.sh
+Pathogen:
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/controllers/notifications_controller.rb b/app/controllers/notifications_controller.rb
index 7b49c326f..790e5d3ac 100644
--- a/app/controllers/notifications_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/notifications_controller.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 class NotificationsController < ApplicationController
+  include NotificationsHelper
   load_and_authorize_resource
   # GET /notifications
   def index
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ class NotificationsController < ApplicationController
     @notification = Notification.find(params[:id])
     @notification.read = true
     @notification.save
+    @reply_link = reply_link(@notification)
 
     respond_to do |format|
       format.html # show.html.erb
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ class NotificationsController < ApplicationController
   def new
     @notification = Notification.new
     @recipient = Member.find_by_id(params[:recipient_id])
+    @subject   = params[:subject] || ""
 
     respond_to do |format|
       format.html # new.html.erb
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ class NotificationsController < ApplicationController
 
     respond_to do |format|
       if @notification.save
-        format.html { redirect_to @recipient, notice: 'Message was successfully sent.' }
+        format.html { redirect_to notifications_path, notice: 'Message was successfully sent.' }
       else
         format.html { render action: "new" }
       end
diff --git a/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb b/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb
index 98f038870..ff9ebe886 100644
--- a/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb
@@ -85,10 +85,11 @@ class PlantingsController < ApplicationController
   # DELETE /plantings/1.json
   def destroy
     @planting = Planting.find(params[:id])
+    @garden = @planting.garden
     @planting.destroy
 
     respond_to do |format|
-      format.html { redirect_to plantings_url }
+      format.html { redirect_to @garden }
       format.json { head :no_content }
     end
   end
diff --git a/app/controllers/scientific_names_controller.rb b/app/controllers/scientific_names_controller.rb
index b54cac6af..691c51872 100644
--- a/app/controllers/scientific_names_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/scientific_names_controller.rb
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class ScientificNamesController < ApplicationController
   # GET /scientific_names/new.json
   def new
     @scientific_name = ScientificName.new
+    @crop = Crop.find_by_id(params[:crop_id]) || Crop.new
 
     respond_to do |format|
       format.html # new.html.haml
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ class ScientificNamesController < ApplicationController
 
     respond_to do |format|
       if @scientific_name.save
-        format.html { redirect_to @scientific_name, notice: 'Scientific name was successfully created.' }
+        format.html { redirect_to @scientific_name.crop, notice: 'Scientific name was successfully created.' }
         format.json { render json: @scientific_name, status: :created, location: @scientific_name }
       else
         format.html { render action: "new" }
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ class ScientificNamesController < ApplicationController
 
     respond_to do |format|
       if @scientific_name.update_attributes(params[:scientific_name])
-        format.html { redirect_to @scientific_name, notice: 'Scientific name was successfully updated.' }
+        format.html { redirect_to @scientific_name.crop, notice: 'Scientific name was successfully updated.' }
         format.json { head :no_content }
       else
         format.html { render action: "edit" }
@@ -74,10 +75,11 @@ class ScientificNamesController < ApplicationController
   # DELETE /scientific_names/1.json
   def destroy
     @scientific_name = ScientificName.find(params[:id])
+    @crop = @scientific_name.crop
     @scientific_name.destroy
 
     respond_to do |format|
-      format.html { redirect_to scientific_names_url }
+      format.html { redirect_to @crop }
       format.json { head :no_content }
     end
   end
diff --git a/app/helpers/application_helper.rb b/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 11d1c7f13..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-module ApplicationHelper
-
-  def random_crop
-    Crop.random
-  end
-
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/comments_helper.rb b/app/helpers/comments_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ec9ca5f2..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/comments_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module CommentsHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/crops_helper.rb b/app/helpers/crops_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index da6fb9a78..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/crops_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module CropsHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/forums_helper.rb b/app/helpers/forums_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e531fd46..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/forums_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module ForumsHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/gardens_helper.rb b/app/helpers/gardens_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 015e7835f..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/gardens_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module GardensHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/home_helper.rb b/app/helpers/home_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 23de56ac6..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/home_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module HomeHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/members_helper.rb b/app/helpers/members_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 51a8599e2..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/members_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-module MembersHelper
-  def shorten(str, max_length)
-    if str.length > max_length
-      return str.slice(0, max_length - 3) + "..."
-    else
-      return str
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/notifications_helper.rb b/app/helpers/notifications_helper.rb
index 7342393a7..dab53df95 100644
--- a/app/helpers/notifications_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/notifications_helper.rb
@@ -1,2 +1,16 @@
 module NotificationsHelper
+  def reply_link(notification)
+    if notification.post
+      # comment on the post in question
+      new_comment_url(:post_id => notification.post.id)
+    else
+      # by default, reply link sends a PM in return
+      new_notification_url(
+        :recipient_id => notification.sender.id,
+        :subject => notification.subject =~ /^Re: / ?
+          notification.subject :
+          "Re: " + notification.subject
+      )
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/app/helpers/plantings_helper.rb b/app/helpers/plantings_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index bc609d05e..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/plantings_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module PlantingsHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb b/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a7b8cec89..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module PostsHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/roles_helper.rb b/app/helpers/roles_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b6b6cc22..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/roles_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module RolesHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/helpers/scientific_names_helper.rb b/app/helpers/scientific_names_helper.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b1a12371..000000000
--- a/app/helpers/scientific_names_helper.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-module ScientificNamesHelper
-end
diff --git a/app/mailers/notifier.rb b/app/mailers/notifier.rb
index 50612c353..579b2a8ad 100644
--- a/app/mailers/notifier.rb
+++ b/app/mailers/notifier.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base
+  include NotificationsHelper
   default from: "Growstuff <noreply@growstuff.org>"
 
   def notify(notification)
     @notification = notification
+    @reply_link = reply_link(@notification)
+
     mail(:to => @notification.recipient.email,
          :subject => @notification.subject)
   end
diff --git a/app/models/crop.rb b/app/models/crop.rb
index 7190e048b..99db0166c 100644
--- a/app/models/crop.rb
+++ b/app/models/crop.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ class Crop < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_many :plantings
   default_scope order("lower(system_name) asc")
 
+  validates :en_wikipedia_url,
+    :format => {
+      :with => /^https?:\/\/en\.wikipedia\.org\/wiki/,
+      :message => 'is not a valid English Wikipedia URL'
+    }
+
   def Crop.random
     @crop = Crop.offset(rand(Crop.count)).first
     return @crop
diff --git a/app/models/garden.rb b/app/models/garden.rb
index d8ed4056d..13d8927c6 100644
--- a/app/models/garden.rb
+++ b/app/models/garden.rb
@@ -7,8 +7,15 @@ class Garden < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_many :plantings, :order => 'created_at DESC', :dependent => :destroy
   has_many :crops, :through => :plantings
 
+  # before_create :replace_blank_name
+
   default_scope order("lower(name) asc")
 
+  validates :name,
+    :format => {
+      :with => /\S/
+    }
+
   def garden_slug
     "#{owner.login_name}-#{name}".downcase.gsub(' ', '-')
   end
diff --git a/app/models/notification.rb b/app/models/notification.rb
index 1be9da637..3fc48a0c7 100644
--- a/app/models/notification.rb
+++ b/app/models/notification.rb
@@ -9,12 +9,19 @@ class Notification < ActiveRecord::Base
   default_scope order('created_at DESC')
   scope :unread, where(:read => false)
 
+  before_create :replace_blank_subject
   after_create :send_email
 
   def self.unread_count
     self.unread.count
   end
 
+  def replace_blank_subject
+    if self.subject.nil? or self.subject =~ /^\s*$/
+      self.subject = "(no subject)"
+    end
+  end
+
   def send_email
     if self.recipient.send_notification_email
       Notifier.notify(self).deliver
diff --git a/app/models/post.rb b/app/models/post.rb
index 28152ca56..6622969c7 100644
--- a/app/models/post.rb
+++ b/app/models/post.rb
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
 
   default_scope order("created_at desc")
 
+  validates :subject,
+    :format => {
+      :with => /\S/
+    }
+
   def author_date_subject
     # slugs are created before created_at is set
     time = created_at || Time.zone.now
diff --git a/app/views/crops/_form.html.haml b/app/views/crops/_form.html.haml
index 12c917702..a225c1a92 100644
--- a/app/views/crops/_form.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/crops/_form.html.haml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-= form_for @crop do |f|
+= form_for @crop, :html => {:class => 'form-horizontal'} do |f|
   - if @crop.errors.any?
     #error_explanation
       %h3= "#{pluralize(@crop.errors.count, "error")} prohibited this crop from being saved:"
@@ -6,11 +6,21 @@
         - @crop.errors.full_messages.each do |msg|
           %li= msg
 
-  .field
-    = f.label :system_name
-    = f.text_field :system_name
-  .field
-    = f.label :en_wikipedia_url
-    = f.text_field :en_wikipedia_url
-  .actions
-    = f.submit 'Save'
+  %p
+    %span.help-block
+      For detailed crop wrangling guidelines, please consult the
+      =link_to "crop wrangling guide", "http://wiki.growstuff.org/index.php/Crop_wrangling"
+      on the Growstuff wiki.
+
+  .control-group
+    = f.label :system_name, :class => 'control-label'
+    .controls
+      = f.text_field :system_name
+      %span.help-inline Name in US English; singular; capitalize proper nouns only.
+  .control-group
+    = f.label :en_wikipedia_url, 'Wikipedia URL', :class => 'control-label'
+    .controls
+      = f.text_field :en_wikipedia_url
+      %span.help-inline Link to this crop's page on the English language Wikipedia.
+  .form-actions
+    = f.submit 'Save', :class => 'btn btn-primary'
diff --git a/app/views/crops/show.html.haml b/app/views/crops/show.html.haml
index 3b92068c5..8756bea56 100644
--- a/app/views/crops/show.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/crops/show.html.haml
@@ -17,19 +17,30 @@
       %p= link_to "Plant this", new_planting_path(:crop_id => @crop.id), :class => 'btn btn-primary'
 
   .span3
+    - if can? :edit, @crop or can? :destroy, @crop
+      %h4 Crop wrangling
+      %p
+        You are a
+        = succeed "." do
+          %strong CROP WRANGLER
+      %p
+        - if can? :edit, @crop
+          = link_to 'Edit crop', edit_crop_path(@crop), { :class => 'btn btn-mini' }
+        - if can? :destroy, @crop
+          = link_to 'Delete crop', @crop, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' }, :class => 'btn btn-mini'
+
     %h4 Scientific names:
     %ul
       - @crop.scientific_names.each do |sn|
-        %li= sn.scientific_name
+        %li
+          = sn.scientific_name
+          - if can? :edit, sn
+            = link_to 'Edit', edit_scientific_name_path(sn), { :class => 'btn btn-mini' }
+          - if can? :destroy, sn
+            = link_to 'Delete', sn, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' }, :class => 'btn btn-mini'
+    %p
+    - if can? :edit, @crop
+      = link_to 'Add', new_scientific_name_path( :crop_id => @crop.id ), { :class => 'btn btn-mini' }
     %h4 More information:
     %ul
       %li= link_to 'Wikipedia (English)', @crop.en_wikipedia_url
-
-    - if can? :edit, @crop or can? :destroy, @crop
-      %h4 Crop wrangling:
-      %p
-        - if can? :edit, @crop
-          = link_to 'Edit', edit_crop_path(@crop), { :class => 'btn btn-mini' }
-        - if can? :destroy, @crop
-          = link_to 'Delete', @crop, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' }, :class => 'btn btn-mini'
-
diff --git a/app/views/members/show.html.haml b/app/views/members/show.html.haml
index 297bac8c7..44ec0aa5f 100644
--- a/app/views/members/show.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/members/show.html.haml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     -if can? :create, Notification and current_member != @member
       %p
         %br/
-        =link_to 'Send Message', new_notification_path(:sender_id => current_member.id, :recipient_id => @member.id), :class => 'btn btn-primary'
+        =link_to 'Send Message', new_notification_path(:recipient_id => @member.id), :class => 'btn btn-primary'
 
     %p
       %strong Member since:
diff --git a/app/views/notifications/_form.html.haml b/app/views/notifications/_form.html.haml
index a0b9f6d55..babb75fd0 100644
--- a/app/views/notifications/_form.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/notifications/_form.html.haml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     To:
     = link_to @recipient, @recipient
   = label_tag :notification, "Subject:"
-  = f.text_field :subject, :class => 'input-block-level'
+  = f.text_field :subject, :value => @subject, :class => 'input-block-level'
   = label_tag :body, "Type your message here:"
   = f.text_area :body, :rows => 12, :class => 'input-block-level'
   %span.help-block
diff --git a/app/views/notifications/index.html.haml b/app/views/notifications/index.html.haml
index 08c00121b..ace28ca92 100644
--- a/app/views/notifications/index.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/notifications/index.html.haml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-- content_for :title, "Notifications"
+- content_for :title, "Inbox"
 
 - if @notifications.length > 0
   %table.table.table-striped
diff --git a/app/views/notifications/show.html.haml b/app/views/notifications/show.html.haml
index cbd66aeaf..3d4280640 100644
--- a/app/views/notifications/show.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/notifications/show.html.haml
@@ -15,4 +15,5 @@
     #{ strip_tags(@notification.body) }
 
 %p
-  =link_to 'Delete', @notification, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' }, :class => 'btn btn-mini'
+  =link_to 'Delete', @notification, method: :delete, data: { confirm: 'Are you sure?' }, :class => 'btn'
+  =link_to 'Reply', @reply_link, :class => 'btn btn-primary'
diff --git a/app/views/notifier/notify.html.haml b/app/views/notifier/notify.html.haml
index cbbb82bcd..7ccf9bea6 100644
--- a/app/views/notifier/notify.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/notifier/notify.html.haml
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
     #{strip_tags @notification.body}
 
 %p
+  = link_to "Reply to this message", @reply_link
+  %br/
   = link_to "View this message in your inbox", notification_url(@notification)
   %br/
   = link_to "Turn off these notifications", edit_member_registration_url
diff --git a/app/views/scientific_names/_form.html.haml b/app/views/scientific_names/_form.html.haml
index d2389e58d..503d324a2 100644
--- a/app/views/scientific_names/_form.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/scientific_names/_form.html.haml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-= form_for @scientific_name do |f|
+= form_for @scientific_name, :html => {:class => 'form-horizontal'} do |f|
   - if @scientific_name.errors.any?
     #error_explanation
       %h2= "#{pluralize(@scientific_name.errors.count, "error")} prohibited this scientific_name from being saved:"
@@ -6,11 +6,19 @@
         - @scientific_name.errors.full_messages.each do |msg|
           %li= msg
 
-  .field
-    = f.label :scientific_name
-    = f.text_field :scientific_name
-  .field
-    = f.label :crop_id
-    = f.number_field :crop_id
-  .actions
-    = f.submit 'Save'
+  %p
+    %span.help-block
+      For detailed crop wrangling guidelines, please consult the
+      =link_to "crop wrangling guide", "http://wiki.growstuff.org/index.php/Crop_wrangling"
+      on the Growstuff wiki.
+
+  .control-group
+    = f.label :crop_id, :class => 'control-label'
+    .controls
+      = collection_select(:scientific_name, :crop_id, Crop.all, :id, :system_name, :selected => @scientific_name.crop_id || @crop.id)
+  .control-group
+    = f.label :scientific_name, :class => 'control-label'
+    .controls
+      = f.text_field :scientific_name
+  .form-actions
+    = f.submit 'Save', :class => 'btn btn-primary'
diff --git a/app/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml b/app/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml
index 58d434c3e..493ee3e44 100644
--- a/app/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-%h1 Editing scientific_name
+- content_for :title, "Edit scientific name"
 
 = render 'form'
diff --git a/app/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml b/app/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml
index af8bef174..104a4b5a6 100644
--- a/app/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-%h1 New scientific_name
+- content_for :title, "New scientific name"
 
 = render 'form'
diff --git a/db/migrate/20130409103549_make_post_subject_non_null.rb b/db/migrate/20130409103549_make_post_subject_non_null.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a7f8db34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20130409103549_make_post_subject_non_null.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+class MakePostSubjectNonNull < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  change_column :posts, :subject, :string, :null => false
+end
diff --git a/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake b/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake
index 784410df0..fb87ea319 100644
--- a/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake
+++ b/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake
@@ -5,9 +5,40 @@ namespace :growstuff do
 
   task :admin_user => :environment do
 
-    member = Member.find(ENV['name']) or raise "Usage: rake growstuff:admin_user name=whoever"
+    member = Member.find_by_login_name(ENV['name']) or raise "Usage: rake growstuff:admin_user name=whoever (login name is case-sensitive)"
     admin  = Role.find_or_create_by_name!('admin')
     member.roles << admin
+  end
+
+
+  namespace :oneoff do
+    desc "One-off tasks needed at various times and kept for posterity"
+
+    task :empty_subjects => :environment do
+      desc "May 2013: replace any empty notification subjects with (no subject)"
+
+      # this is inefficient as it checks every Notification, but the
+      # site is small and there aren't many of them, so it shouldn't matter
+      # for this one-off script.
+      Notification.all.each do |n|
+        n.replace_blank_subject
+        n.save
+      end
+    end
+
+    task :empty_garden_names => :environment do
+      desc "May 2013: replace any empty garden names with Garden"
+
+      # this is inefficient as it checks every Garden, but the
+      # site is small and there aren't many of them, so it shouldn't matter
+      # for this one-off script.
+      Garden.all.each do |g|
+        if g.name.nil? or g.name =~ /^\s*$/
+          g.name = "Garden"
+          g.save
+        end
+      end
+    end
 
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/crops_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/crops_controller_spec.rb
index ed7b0e0e9..db4c070bc 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/crops_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/crops_controller_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ describe CropsController do
   login_member(:crop_wrangling_member)
 
   def valid_attributes
-     { :system_name => "Tomato" }
+    {
+      :system_name => "Tomato",
+      :en_wikipedia_url => 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato'
+    }
   end
 
   describe "GET index" do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb
index 155273f07..be3fe5400 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ describe NotificationsController do
   def valid_attributes
     {
       "recipient_id" => subject.current_member.id,
-      "sender_id" => FactoryGirl.create(:member).id
+      "sender_id" => FactoryGirl.create(:member).id,
+      "subject" => 'test'
     }
   end
 
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ describe NotificationsController do
   def valid_attributes_for_sender
     {
       "sender_id" => subject.current_member.id,
-      "recipient_id" => FactoryGirl.create(:member).id
+      "recipient_id" => FactoryGirl.create(:member).id,
+      "subject" => 'test'
     }
   end
 
@@ -42,6 +44,28 @@ describe NotificationsController do
       assigns(:notification).should eq(notification)
     end
 
+    it "assigns the reply link for a PM" do
+      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :recipient_id => subject.current_member.id, :post_id => nil)
+      subject = "Re: " + notification.subject
+
+      get :show, {:id => notification.to_param}
+      assigns(:reply_link).should_not be_nil
+      assigns(:reply_link).should eq new_notification_url(
+        :recipient_id => notification.sender_id,
+        :subject => subject
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "assigns the reply link for a post comment" do
+      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :recipient_id => subject.current_member.id)
+
+      get :show, {:id => notification.to_param}
+      assigns(:reply_link).should_not be_nil
+      assigns(:reply_link).should eq new_comment_url(
+        :post_id => notification.post.id
+      )
+    end
+
     it "marks notifications as read" do
       notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :recipient_id => subject.current_member.id)
       get :show, {:id => notification.to_param}
@@ -95,8 +119,8 @@ describe NotificationsController do
 
       it "redirects to the recipient's profile" do
         @recipient = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-        post :create, { :notification => { :recipient_id => @recipient.id } }
-        response.should redirect_to(@recipient)
+        post :create, { :notification => { :recipient_id => @recipient.id, :subject => 'foo' } }
+        response.should redirect_to(notifications_path)
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb
index 77f9c519a..ff3fc9e36 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb
@@ -161,10 +161,11 @@ describe PlantingsController do
       }.to change(Planting, :count).by(-1)
     end
 
-    it "redirects to the plantings list" do
+    it "redirects to the garden" do
       planting = Planting.create! valid_attributes
+      garden = planting.garden
       delete :destroy, {:id => planting.to_param}
-      response.should redirect_to(plantings_url)
+      response.should redirect_to(garden)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb
index dda252d6b..0cf431a4a 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb
@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@ describe ScientificNamesController do
 
   login_member(:crop_wrangling_member)
 
+  before(:each) do
+    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
+  end
+
   def valid_attributes
-    { :scientific_name => 'Solanum lycopersicum', :crop_id => 1 }
+    { :scientific_name => 'Solanum lycopersicum', :crop_id => @crop.id }
   end
 
   describe "GET index" do
@@ -29,6 +33,32 @@ describe ScientificNamesController do
       get :new, {}
       assigns(:scientific_name).should be_a_new(ScientificName)
     end
+
+    it "assigns crop if specified" do
+      get :new, { :crop_id => 1 }
+      assigns(:crop).should be_an_instance_of Crop
+    end
+
+    it "assigns crop if specified" do
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "GET edit" do
+    it "assigns the requested scientific_name as @scientific_name" do
+      scientific_name = ScientificName.create! valid_attributes
+      get :edit, {:id => scientific_name.to_param}
+      assigns(:scientific_name).should eq(scientific_name)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "POST create" do
+    describe "with valid params" do
+      it "creates a new ScientificName" do
+        expect {
+          post :create, {:scientific_name => valid_attributes}
+        }.to change(ScientificName, :count).by(1)
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe "GET edit" do
@@ -55,7 +85,7 @@ describe ScientificNamesController do
 
       it "redirects to the created scientific_name" do
         post :create, {:scientific_name => valid_attributes}
-        response.should redirect_to(ScientificName.last)
+        response.should redirect_to(ScientificName.last.crop)
       end
     end
 
@@ -97,7 +127,7 @@ describe ScientificNamesController do
       it "redirects to the scientific_name" do
         scientific_name = ScientificName.create! valid_attributes
         put :update, {:id => scientific_name.to_param, :scientific_name => valid_attributes}
-        response.should redirect_to(scientific_name)
+        response.should redirect_to(scientific_name.crop)
       end
     end
 
@@ -130,8 +160,9 @@ describe ScientificNamesController do
 
     it "redirects to the scientific_names list" do
       scientific_name = ScientificName.create! valid_attributes
+      crop = scientific_name.crop
       delete :destroy, {:id => scientific_name.to_param}
-      response.should redirect_to(scientific_names_url)
+      response.should redirect_to(crop)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb b/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
index 7bb3e4cd9..e1bffb5cd 100644
--- a/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 FactoryGirl.define do
   factory :scientific_name do
+    association :crop, factory: :crop
+    scientific_name "Beanus Magicus"
+
     factory :zea_mays do
       association :crop, factory: :maize
       scientific_name "Zea mays"
     end
+
     factory :solanum_lycopersicum do
       association :crop, factory: :tomato
       scientific_name "Solanum lycopersicum"
     end
+
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/helpers/notifications_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/notifications_helper_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9db3a95aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/helpers/notifications_helper_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe NotificationsHelper do
+  describe "reply_link" do
+
+    before(:each) do
+      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    end
+
+    it "replies to PMs with PMs" do
+      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :recipient_id => @member.id, :post_id => nil)
+      subject = "Re: " + notification.subject
+
+      link = helper.reply_link(notification)
+      link.should_not be_nil
+      link.should eq new_notification_url(
+        :recipient_id => notification.sender_id,
+        :subject => subject
+      )
+    end
+
+    it "replies to post comments with post comments" do
+      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :recipient_id => @member.id)
+
+      link = helper.reply_link(notification)
+      link.should_not be_nil
+      link.should eq new_comment_url(
+        :post_id => notification.post.id
+      )
+    end
+
+
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/helpers/plantings_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/plantings_helper_spec.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 25a84ec96..000000000
--- a/spec/helpers/plantings_helper_spec.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-require 'spec_helper'
-
-# Specs in this file have access to a helper object that includes
-# the PlantingsHelper. For example:
-#
-# describe PlantingsHelper do
-#   describe "string concat" do
-#     it "concats two strings with spaces" do
-#       helper.concat_strings("this","that").should == "this that"
-#     end
-#   end
-# end
-describe PlantingsHelper do
-end
diff --git a/spec/models/crop_spec.rb b/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
index 8e336d2ba..aca3d2681 100644
--- a/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
@@ -27,22 +27,11 @@ describe Crop do
 
   context 'invalid data' do
     it 'should not save a crop without a system name' do
-      @crop = Crop.new
+      @crop = FactoryGirl.build(:crop, :system_name => nil)
       expect { @crop.save }.to raise_error ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
     end
   end
 
-  context 'random' do
-    before(:each) do
-      @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    end
-
-    it 'should find a random crop' do
-      @rand_crop = Crop.random
-      @rand_crop.system_name.should == 'Tomato'
-    end
-  end
-
   context 'ordering' do
     it "should be sorted case-insensitively" do
       uppercase = FactoryGirl.create(:uppercasecrop)
@@ -64,4 +53,11 @@ describe Crop do
     FactoryGirl.create(:planting, :crop => @c)
     @c.plantings_count.should eq 1
   end
+
+  it 'validates en_wikipedia_url' do
+    @crop = FactoryGirl.build(:tomato, :en_wikipedia_url => 'this is not valid')
+    @crop.should_not be_valid
+    @crop = FactoryGirl.build(:tomato, :en_wikipedia_url => 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SomePage')
+    @crop.should be_valid
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/garden_spec.rb b/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
index 1523c504b..cbbf3a950 100644
--- a/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,21 @@ describe Garden do
     @garden.description.should == "This is a **totally** cool garden"
   end
 
+  it "doesn't allow a nil name" do
+    @garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, :name => nil)
+    @garden.should_not be_valid
+  end
+
+  it "doesn't allow a blank name" do
+    @garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, :name => "")
+    @garden.should_not be_valid
+  end
+  
+  it "doesn't allow a name with only spaces" do
+    @garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, :name => "    ")
+    @garden.should_not be_valid
+  end
+
   it "should have an owner" do
     @garden.owner.should be_an_instance_of Member
   end
diff --git a/spec/models/notification_spec.rb b/spec/models/notification_spec.rb
index 8ebaba010..a8bddb9fa 100644
--- a/spec/models/notification_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/notification_spec.rb
@@ -48,4 +48,14 @@ describe Notification do
     ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last.to.should == [@notification2.recipient.email]
   end
 
+  it "replaces missing subjects with (no subject)" do
+    @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :subject => nil)
+    @notification.subject.should == "(no subject)"
+  end
+
+  it "replaces whitespace-only subjects with (no subject)" do
+    @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :subject => "    ")
+    @notification.subject.should == "(no subject)"
+  end
+
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/post_spec.rb b/spec/models/post_spec.rb
index 450a31893..8e7f91083 100644
--- a/spec/models/post_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/post_spec.rb
@@ -43,6 +43,21 @@ describe Post do
     @post.forum.should be_an_instance_of Forum
   end
 
+  it "doesn't allow a nil subject" do
+    @post = FactoryGirl.build(:post, :subject => nil)
+    @post.should_not be_valid
+  end
+
+  it "doesn't allow a blank subject" do
+    @post = FactoryGirl.build(:post, :subject => "")
+    @post.should_not be_valid
+  end
+  
+  it "doesn't allow a subject with only spaces" do
+    @post = FactoryGirl.build(:post, :subject => "    ")
+    @post.should_not be_valid
+  end
+
   context "recent activity" do
     before(:each) do
       Time.stub(:now => Time.now)
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 548e0acd3..4016a27a3 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ describe "crops/new" do
   end
 
   it "renders new crop form" do
-    render
     # Run the generator again with the --webrat flag if you want to use webrat matchers
     assert_select "form", :action => crops_path, :method => "post" do
       assert_select "input#crop_system_name", :name => "crop[system_name]"
@@ -18,4 +17,8 @@ describe "crops/new" do
     end
   end
 
+  it "shows a link to crop wrangling guidelines" do
+    assert_select "a[href^=http://wiki.growstuff.org]", "crop wrangling guide"
+  end
+
 end
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 8467e19b9..81099aabd 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -54,7 +54,15 @@ describe "crops/show" do
     end
 
     it "links to the edit crop form" do
-      rendered.should contain "Edit"
+      assert_select "a[href=#{edit_crop_path(@crop)}]", :text => "Edit crop"
+    end
+
+    it "links to the add scientific name form" do
+      assert_select "a[href^=#{new_scientific_name_path}]", :text => "Add"
+    end
+
+    it "links to the edit scientific name form" do
+      assert_select "a[href=#{edit_scientific_name_path(@crop.scientific_names.first)}]", :text => "Edit"
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 0e65dc93f..351bbb44f 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -4,19 +4,45 @@ describe "notifications/index" do
   before(:each) do
     @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-    @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :sender => @member, :recipient => @member)
-    assign(:notifications, [ @notification, @notification ])
-    render
   end
 
-  it "renders a list of notifications" do
-    # Run the generator again with the --webrat flag if you want to use webrat matchers
-    assert_select "table"
-    assert_select "tr>td", :text => @notification.sender.to_s, :count => 2
-    assert_select "tr>td", :text => @notification.subject, :count => 2
+  context "ordinary notifications" do
+    before(:each) do
+      @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :sender => @member,
+                                         :recipient => @member)
+      assign(:notifications, [ @notification, @notification ])
+      render
+    end
+
+    it "renders a list of notifications" do
+      assert_select "table"
+      assert_select "tr>td", :text => @notification.sender.to_s, :count => 2
+      assert_select "tr>td", :text => @notification.subject, :count => 2
+    end
+
+    it "links to sender's profile" do
+      assert_select "a", :href => member_path(@notification.sender)
+    end
   end
 
-  it "links to sender's profile" do
-    assert_select "a", :href => member_path(@notification.sender)
+  context "no subject" do
+    it "shows (no subject)" do
+      @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification,
+         :sender => @member, :recipient => @member, :subject => nil)
+      assign(:notifications, [@notification])
+      render
+      rendered.should contain "(no subject)"
+    end
   end
+
+  context "whitespace-only subject" do
+    it "shows (no subject)" do
+      @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification,
+         :sender => @member, :recipient => @member, :subject => "   ")
+      assign(:notifications, [@notification])
+      render
+      rendered.should contain "(no subject)"
+    end
+  end
+
 end
diff --git a/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 441905ef0..d96358da8 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ describe "notifications/new" do
     @recipient = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
     @sender = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
     assign(:notification, FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :recipient_id => @recipient.id, :sender_id => @sender.id))
-# assign(:forum, Forum.new)
     sign_in @sender
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @sender}
   end
@@ -23,6 +22,22 @@ describe "notifications/new" do
     rendered.should contain @recipient.login_name
   end
 
+  it "puts the recipient in a hidden field" do
+    render
+    assert_select "input#notification_recipient_id[type=hidden]", :name => "notification[recipient_id]"
+  end
+
+  it "fills in the subject if provided" do
+    assign(:subject, 'Foo')
+    render
+    assert_select "input#notification_subject", :value => "Foo"
+  end
+
+  it "leaves the subject empty if not provided" do
+    render
+    assert_select "input#notification_subject", :value => ""
+  end
+
   it "Tells you to write your message here" do
     render
     rendered.should contain "Type your message here"
diff --git a/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 26251395b..3028e8f0e 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ describe "notifications/show" do
     @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
     @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, :recipient => @member)
     assign(:notification, @notification)
+    @reply_link = assign(:reply_link, new_notification_path)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     render
   end
@@ -18,4 +19,8 @@ describe "notifications/show" do
     assert_select "a", "Delete"
   end
 
+  it "includes a reply button" do
+    assert_select "a[href=#{@reply_link}]", "Reply"
+  end
+
 end
diff --git a/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb
index 3f70895c1..687e702cc 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ describe 'notifier/notify.html.haml', :type => "view" do
 
   before(:each) do
     @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification)
+    @reply_link = "http://example.com"
+    assign(:reply_link, @reply_link)
     render
   end
 
@@ -16,6 +18,10 @@ describe 'notifier/notify.html.haml', :type => "view" do
     rendered.should contain @notification.post.subject
   end
 
+  it 'should include a reply link' do
+    assert_select "a[href=#{@reply_link}]", :text => /Reply/
+  end
+
   it 'should contain a link to your inbox' do
     assert_select "a[href*=notifications]"
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index bdaa4b6c1..30e195f52 100644
--- a/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ describe "scientific_names/edit" do
     it "renders the edit scientific_name form" do
       assert_select "form", :action => scientific_names_path(@scientific_name), :method => "post" do
         assert_select "input#scientific_name_scientific_name", :name => "scientific_name[scientific_name]"
-        assert_select "input#scientific_name_crop_id", :name => "scientific_name[crop_id]"
+        assert_select "select#scientific_name_crop_id", :name => "scientific_name[crop_id]"
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 9d4fc93ae..9c892f5ef 100644
--- a/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe "scientific_names/new" do
       # Run the generator again with the --webrat flag if you want to use webrat matchers
       assert_select "form", :action => scientific_names_path, :method => "post" do
         assert_select "input#scientific_name_scientific_name", :name => "scientific_name[scientific_name]"
-        assert_select "input#scientific_name_crop_id", :name => "scientific_name[crop_id]"
+        assert_select "select#scientific_name_crop_id", :name => "scientific_name[crop_id]"
       end
     end