diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS.md b/CONTRIBUTORS.md
index 6dc25e0a5..69c9fd2e4 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS.md
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ submit the change with your pull request.
 - Arun Kumar / [arun1595](https://github.com/arun1595)
 - Harry Brodsky / [hbrodsk1](https://github.com/hbrodsk1)
 - Jeff Kingswood / [ancyentmariner](https://github.com/ancyentmariner)
+- Logan Gingerich / [logangingerich](https://github.com/logangingerich)
 
 ## Bots
 
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 1433f5eac..824b6ca9f 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ group :development, :test do
   gem 'capybara-screenshot'             # for test debugging
   gem 'coveralls', require: false       # coverage analysis
   gem 'database_cleaner'
-  gem 'factory_girl_rails'              # for creating test data
+  gem 'factory_bot_rails'               # for creating test data
   gem 'haml-i18n-extractor'
   gem 'haml-rails'                      # HTML templating language
   gem 'haml_lint'                       # Checks haml files for goodness
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 1a787920e..555be16eb 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@ GEM
     erubis (2.7.0)
     excon (0.59.0)
     execjs (2.7.0)
-    factory_girl (4.9.0)
+    factory_bot (4.8.2)
       activesupport (>= 3.0.0)
-    factory_girl_rails (4.9.0)
-      factory_girl (~> 4.9.0)
+    factory_bot_rails (4.8.2)
+      factory_bot (~> 4.8.2)
       railties (>= 3.0.0)
     faraday (0.12.2)
       multipart-post (>= 1.2, < 3)
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   elasticsearch-api (~> 2.0.0)
   elasticsearch-model
   elasticsearch-rails
-  factory_girl_rails
+  factory_bot_rails
   figaro
   flickraw
   font-awesome-sass
diff --git a/app/models/garden.rb b/app/models/garden.rb
index 2cd2499c4..b5e3b3c55 100644
--- a/app/models/garden.rb
+++ b/app/models/garden.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class Garden < ActiveRecord::Base
 
   validates :name,
     format: {
-      with: /\A\w+[\w ]+\z/
+      with: /\A\w+[\w ()]+\z/
     },
     length: { maximum: 255 }
 
diff --git a/app/models/member.rb b/app/models/member.rb
index bbfca26d4..f20f73540 100644
--- a/app/models/member.rb
+++ b/app/models/member.rb
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class Member < ActiveRecord::Base
 
   # and an account record (for paid accounts etc)
   # we use find_or_create to avoid accidentally creating a second one,
-  # which can happen sometimes especially with FactoryGirl associations
+  # which can happen sometimes especially with FactoryBot associations
   after_create { |member| Account.find_or_create_by(member_id: member.id) }
 
   after_save :update_newsletter_subscription
diff --git a/config/factory_bot.rb b/config/factory_bot.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43d50d52f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config/factory_bot.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+ActionDispatch::Callbacks.after do
+  # Reload the factories
+  return unless Rails.env.development? || Rails.env.test?
+
+  if FactoryBot.factories.present? # first init will load factories, this should only run on subsequent reloads
+    FactoryBot.factories.clear
+    FactoryBot.find_definitions
+  end
+end
diff --git a/config/factory_girl.rb b/config/factory_girl.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index dc0ab40b4..000000000
--- a/config/factory_girl.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-ActionDispatch::Callbacks.after do
-  # Reload the factories
-  return unless Rails.env.development? || Rails.env.test?
-
-  unless FactoryGirl.factories.blank? # first init will load factories, this should only run on subsequent reloads
-    FactoryGirl.factories.clear
-    FactoryGirl.find_definitions
-  end
-end
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc703767c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1414 @@
+{
+  "name": "growstuff",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "lockfileVersion": 1,
+  "requires": true,
+  "dependencies": {
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+      "dev": true
+    },
+    "acorn-jsx": {
+      "version": "3.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn-jsx/-/acorn-jsx-3.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha1-r9+UiPsezvyDSPb7IvRk4ypYs2s=",
+      "dev": true,
+      "requires": {
+        "acorn": "3.3.0"
+      },
+      "dependencies": {
+        "acorn": {
+          "version": "3.3.0",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/acorn/-/acorn-3.3.0.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha1-ReN/s56No/JbruP/U2niu18iAXo=",
+          "dev": true
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "ajv": {
+      "version": "4.11.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ajv/-/ajv-4.11.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha1-gv+wKynmYq5TvcIK8VlHcGc5xTY=",
+      "dev": true,
+      "requires": {
+        "co": "4.6.0",
+        "json-stable-stringify": "1.0.1"
+      }
+    },
+    "ajv-keywords": {
+      "version": "1.5.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ajv-keywords/-/ajv-keywords-1.5.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha1-MU3QpLM2j609/NxU7eYXG4htrzw=",
+      "dev": true
+    },
+    "ansi-escapes": {
+      "version": "1.4.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ansi-escapes/-/ansi-escapes-1.4.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha1-06ioOzGapneTZisT52HHkRQiMG4=",
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+      "dev": true
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb
index 66375b292..d159f4114 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/accounts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ describe AccountsController do
     # member; creating them manually will just cause errors as only one is
     # allowed. This method has been left here in case it's useful in
     # future.
-    member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     member.account
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/admin/orders_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/admin/orders_controller_spec.rb
index ed0a5b4b6..a81875427 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/admin/orders_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin/orders_controller_spec.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe Admin::OrdersController do
 
   describe "GET search" do
     it "assigns @orders" do
-      order = FactoryGirl.create(:order)
+      order = FactoryBot.create(:order)
       get :search, search_by: 'order_id', search_text: order.id
       assigns(:orders).should eq([order])
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/admin_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/admin_controller_spec.rb
index 0b36fe583..6e97245d1 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/admin_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/admin_controller_spec.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe AdminController do
     end
 
     it 'assigns @members' do
-      m = FactoryGirl.create(:newsletter_recipient_member)
+      m = FactoryBot.create(:newsletter_recipient_member)
       get :newsletter
       assigns(:members).should eq [m]
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/authentications_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/authentications_controller_spec.rb
index 47be30487..fe7eaa61f 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/authentications_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/authentications_controller_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe AuthenticationsController do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_member) { @member }
-    @auth = FactoryGirl.create(:authentication, member: @member)
+    @auth = FactoryBot.create(:authentication, member: @member)
     request.env['omniauth.auth'] = {
       'provider' => 'foo',
       'uid' => 'bar',
diff --git a/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb
index 43e911bb3..e65a24544 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe CommentsController do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_member) { @member }
   end
 
   def valid_attributes
-    @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post)
+    @post = FactoryBot.create(:post)
     { post_id: @post.id, body: "some text" }
   end
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe CommentsController do
   end
 
   describe "GET new" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post) }
 
     describe "with valid params" do
       before { get :new, post_id: post.id }
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe CommentsController do
         assigns(:post).should eq(post)
       end
 
-      let(:old_comment) { FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post) }
+      let(:old_comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post) }
       it "assigns the old comments as @comments" do
         assigns(:comments).should eq [old_comment]
       end
@@ -56,19 +56,19 @@ describe CommentsController do
   end
 
   describe "GET edit" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post) }
     before { get :edit, id: comment.to_param }
 
     describe "my comment" do
-      let!(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create :comment, author: @member, post: post }
-      let!(:old_comment) { FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post, created_at: Time.zone.yesterday) }
+      let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: @member, post: post }
+      let!(:old_comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, created_at: Time.zone.yesterday) }
       it "assigns previous comments as @comments" do
         assigns(:comments).should eq([comment, old_comment])
       end
     end
 
     describe "not my comment" do
-      let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create :comment, post: post }
+      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, post: post }
       it { expect(response).not_to be_success }
     end
   end
@@ -77,20 +77,20 @@ describe CommentsController do
     before { put :update, id: comment.to_param, comment: valid_attributes }
 
     describe "my comment" do
-      let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create :comment, author: @member }
+      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: @member }
       it "redirects to the comment's post" do
         expect(response).to redirect_to(comment.post)
       end
     end
     describe "not my comment" do
-      let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create :comment }
+      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment }
       it { expect(response).not_to be_success }
     end
     describe "attempting to change post_id" do
-      let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create :post, subject: 'our post' }
-      let(:other_post) { FactoryGirl.create :post, subject: 'the other post' }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create :post, subject: 'our post' }
+      let(:other_post) { FactoryBot.create :post, subject: 'the other post' }
       let(:valid_attributes) { { post_id: other_post.id, body: "kōrero" } }
-      let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create :comment, author: @member, post: post }
+      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: @member, post: post }
       it "does not change post_id" do
         comment.reload
         expect(comment.post_id).to eq(post.id)
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ describe CommentsController do
     before { delete :destroy, id: comment.to_param }
 
     describe "my comment" do
-      let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create :comment, author: @member }
+      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: @member }
       it "redirects to the post the comment was on" do
         expect(response).to redirect_to(comment.post)
       end
     end
 
     describe "not my comment" do
-      let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create :comment }
+      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment }
       it { expect(response).not_to be_success }
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/gardens_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/gardens_controller_spec.rb
index d22c549b1..5fef6e210 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/gardens_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/gardens_controller_spec.rb
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ RSpec.describe GardensController, type: :controller do
   context "when signed in" do
     before(:each) { sign_in member }
 
-    let!(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let!(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
     describe "for another member's garden" do
       let(:not_my_garden) { double('garden') }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/harvests_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/harvests_controller_spec.rb
index a197e0a17..a42d11f69 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/harvests_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/harvests_controller_spec.rb
@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@ describe HarvestsController do
   def valid_attributes
     {
       owner_id: subject.current_member.id,
-      crop_id: FactoryGirl.create(:crop).id,
-      plant_part_id: FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part).id
+      crop_id: FactoryBot.create(:crop).id,
+      plant_part_id: FactoryBot.create(:plant_part).id
     }
   end
 
   describe "GET index" do
     before do
-      @member1 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @member2 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-      @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
-      @harvest1 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, owner_id: @member1.id, crop_id: @tomato.id)
-      @harvest2 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, owner_id: @member2.id, crop_id: @maize.id)
+      @member1 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @member2 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+      @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
+      @harvest1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, owner_id: @member1.id, crop_id: @tomato.id)
+      @harvest2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, owner_id: @member2.id, crop_id: @maize.id)
     end
 
     it "assigns all harvests as @harvests" do
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ describe HarvestsController do
       end
 
       it "links to planting" do
-        planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, owner_id: member.id)
+        planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, owner_id: member.id)
         post :create, harvest: valid_attributes.merge(planting_id: planting.id)
         expect(Harvest.last.planting.id).to eq(planting.id)
       end
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ describe HarvestsController do
     end
 
     describe "not my planting" do
-      let(:not_my_planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:planting) }
-      let(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create(:harvest) }
+      let(:not_my_planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting) }
+      let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest) }
       it "does not save planting_id" do
         allow(Harvest).to receive(:new).and_return(harvest)
         post :create, harvest: valid_attributes.merge(planting_id: not_my_planting.id)
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ describe HarvestsController do
     end
 
     describe "not my planting" do
-      let(:not_my_planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:planting) }
-      let(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create(:harvest) }
+      let(:not_my_planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting) }
+      let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest) }
       it "does not save planting_id" do
         put :update, id: harvest.to_param,
                      harvest: valid_attributes.merge(planting_id: not_my_planting.id)
diff --git a/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb
index 670c51f35..6f43760c1 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe LikesController do
-  let(:like) { FactoryGirl.create :like, member: member }
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-  let(:blogpost) { FactoryGirl.create(:post) }
-  let(:mypost) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member) }
+  let(:like) { FactoryBot.create :like, member: member }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+  let(:blogpost) { FactoryBot.create(:post) }
+  let(:mypost) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member) }
 
   before { sign_in member }
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe LikesController do
     end
 
     describe "Liking your own post" do
-      let(:blogpost) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member) }
+      let(:blogpost) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member) }
     end
   end
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe LikesController do
     end
 
     describe "Deleting someone else's like" do
-      let(:like) { FactoryGirl.create :like }
+      let(:like) { FactoryBot.create :like }
       it { expect(response.code).to eq('403') }
       it { JSON.parse(response.body)["error"] == "Unable to like" }
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/member_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/member_controller_spec.rb
index 6db742c04..866507f5f 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/member_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/member_controller_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe MembersController do
   before :each do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @posts = [FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @member)]
-    @twitter_auth = FactoryGirl.create(:authentication, member: @member)
-    @flickr_auth = FactoryGirl.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @posts = [FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @member)]
+    @twitter_auth = FactoryBot.create(:authentication, member: @member)
+    @flickr_auth = FactoryBot.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
   end
 
   describe "GET index" do
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ describe MembersController do
     end
 
     it "doesn't show unconfirmed members" do
-      @member2 = FactoryGirl.create(:unconfirmed_member)
+      @member2 = FactoryBot.create(:unconfirmed_member)
       lambda { get :show, id: @member2.id }.should raise_error(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound)
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb
index e9f32efc9..0619a6707 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/notifications_controller_spec.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe NotificationsController do
   def valid_attributes
     {
       "recipient_id" => subject.current_member.id,
-      "sender_id" => FactoryGirl.create(:member).id,
+      "sender_id" => FactoryBot.create(:member).id,
       "subject" => 'test'
     }
   end
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ describe NotificationsController do
   def valid_attributes_for_sender
     {
       "sender_id" => subject.current_member.id,
-      "recipient_id" => FactoryGirl.create(:member).id,
+      "recipient_id" => FactoryBot.create(:member).id,
       "subject" => 'test'
     }
   end
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ describe NotificationsController do
 
   describe "GET index" do
     it "assigns all notifications as @notifications" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
       get :index, {}
       assigns(:notifications).should eq([notification])
     end
@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ describe NotificationsController do
 
   describe "GET show" do
     it "assigns the requested notification as @notification" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
       get :show, id: notification.to_param
       assigns(:notification).should eq(notification)
     end
 
     it "assigns the reply link for a post comment" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
 
       get :show, id: notification.to_param
       assigns(:reply_link).should_not be_nil
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ describe NotificationsController do
     end
 
     it "marks notifications as read" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
       get :show, id: notification.to_param
       # we need to fetch it from the db again, can't test against the old one
       n = Notification.find(notification.id)
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ describe NotificationsController do
 
   describe "GET reply" do
     it "marks notifications as read" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: subject.current_member.id)
       get :reply, id: notification.to_param
       # we need to fetch it from the db again, can't test against the old one
       n = Notification.find(notification.id)
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe NotificationsController do
 
   describe "GET new" do
     it "assigns a recipient" do
-      @recipient = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @recipient = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       get :new, recipient_id: @recipient.id
       assigns(:recipient).should be_an_instance_of(Member)
     end
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ describe NotificationsController do
   describe "POST create" do
     describe "with valid params" do
       it "redirects to the recipient's profile" do
-        @recipient = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+        @recipient = FactoryBot.create(:member)
         post :create, notification: { recipient_id: @recipient.id, subject: 'foo' }
         response.should redirect_to(notifications_path)
       end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/order_items_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/order_items_controller_spec.rb
index 8c5581e92..0c1b50706 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/order_items_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/order_items_controller_spec.rb
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ describe OrderItemsController do
   login_member(:admin_member)
 
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
-    @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
-    @order_item = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product)
+    @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
+    @order_item = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
       order: @order,
       product: @product,
       price: @product.min_price)
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe OrderItemsController do
 
   describe "POST create" do
     it "redirects to order" do
-      @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
+      @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
       post :create, order_item: {
         order_id: @order.id,
         product_id: @product.id,
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ describe OrderItemsController do
     end
 
     it 'creates an order for you' do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
-      @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
+      @product = FactoryBot.create(:product)
       expect {
         post :create, order_item: {
           product_id: @product.id,
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ describe OrderItemsController do
 
     describe "with non-int price" do
       it "converts 3.33 to 333 cents" do
-        @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
-        @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product, min_price: 1)
+        @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
+        @product = FactoryBot.create(:product, min_price: 1)
         expect {
           post :create, order_item: {
             order_id: @order.id,
diff --git a/spec/controllers/orders_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/orders_controller_spec.rb
index 36477d032..d02fc6e27 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/orders_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/orders_controller_spec.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ describe OrdersController do
 
   describe "GET checkout" do
     it 'sets the referral_code' do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in member
       order = Order.create!(member_id: member.id)
       get :checkout, id: order.to_param, referral_code: 'FOOBAR'
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe OrdersController do
     end
 
     it "redirects to Paypal" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in member
       order = Order.create!(member_id: member.id)
       get :checkout, id: order.to_param
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ describe OrdersController do
 
   describe "GET complete" do
     it "assigns the requested order as @order" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in member
       order = Order.create!(member_id: member.id)
       get :complete, id: order.to_param
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ describe OrdersController do
 
   describe "DELETE destroy" do
     it "redirects to the shop" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in member
       order = Order.create!(member_id: member.id)
       delete :destroy, id: order.id
diff --git a/spec/controllers/photo_associations_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/photo_associations_controller_spec.rb
index bee2fddaf..a15d2143d 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/photo_associations_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/photo_associations_controller_spec.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ describe PhotoAssociationsController do
     before { photo.harvests << harvest }
 
     describe "my harvest my photo" do
-      let(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create :harvest, owner: member }
-      let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create :photo, owner: member }
+      let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create :harvest, owner: member }
+      let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create :photo, owner: member }
 
       it "removes link" do
         expect { delete :destroy, valid_params }.to change { photo.harvests.count }.by(-1)
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ describe PhotoAssociationsController do
     end
 
     describe "another member's harvest from another member's photo" do
-      let(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create :harvest }
-      let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create :photo }
+      let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create :harvest }
+      let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create :photo }
       it do
         expect do
           begin
diff --git a/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb
index 0197e2009..7c935422c 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe PhotosController do
   login_member
 
   def valid_attributes
-    member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     {
       "owner_id" => member.id,
       "flickr_photo_id" => 1,
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ describe PhotosController do
 
   describe "GET new" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       @member.stub(:flickr_photos) { [[], 0] }
       @member.stub(:flickr_sets) { { "foo" => "bar" } }
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe PhotosController do
     end
 
     it "assigns the flickr auth as @flickr_auth" do
-      @auth = FactoryGirl.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
+      @auth = FactoryBot.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
       get :new, {}
       assigns(:flickr_auth).should be_an_instance_of(Authentication)
     end
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ describe PhotosController do
                                                            link_url: "http://example.com")
     end
 
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:garden) { FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: member) }
-    let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: member) }
-    let(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, owner: member) }
-    let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create(:photo, owner: member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member) }
+    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: member) }
+    let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, owner: member) }
+    let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: member) }
     describe "with valid params" do
       before { controller.stub(:current_member) { member } }
       it "attaches the photo to a planting" do
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ describe PhotosController do
       end
 
       it "doesn't attach photo to a comment" do
-        comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment)
+        comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment)
         post :create, photo: { flickr_photo_id: photo.flickr_photo_id }, type: "comment", id: comment.id
         expect(flash[:alert]).to be_present
       end
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ describe PhotosController do
     describe "with matching owners" do
       before { controller.stub(:current_member) { member } }
       it "creates the planting/photo link" do
-        planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: member)
-        photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo, owner: member)
+        planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: member)
+        photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: member)
         post :create, photo: { flickr_photo_id: photo.flickr_photo_id }, type: "planting", id: planting.id
         expect(flash[:alert]).not_to be_present
         Photo.last.plantings.first.should eq planting
@@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ describe PhotosController do
     end
 
     describe "with mismatched owners" do
-      let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create(:photo) }
+      let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo) }
       it "does not create the planting/photo link" do
         # members will be auto-created, and different
-        another_planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
+        another_planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
         post :create, photo: { flickr_photo_id: photo.flickr_photo_id }, type: "planting", id: another_planting.id
         expect(flash[:alert]).to be_present
         Photo.last.plantings.first.should_not eq another_planting
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ describe PhotosController do
 
       it "does not create the harvest/photo link" do
         # members will be auto-created, and different
-        another_harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest)
+        another_harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest)
         post :create, photo: { flickr_photo_id: photo.flickr_photo_id }, type: "harvest", id: another_harvest.id
         expect(flash[:alert]).to be_present
         Photo.last.harvests.first.should_not eq another_harvest
diff --git a/spec/controllers/places_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/places_controller_spec.rb
index 390b5d77e..79c1dc623 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/places_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/places_controller_spec.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ describe PlacesController do
 
   describe "GET show" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member_london = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
-      @member_south_pole = FactoryGirl.create(:south_pole_member)
+      @member_london = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
+      @member_south_pole = FactoryBot.create(:south_pole_member)
     end
 
     it "assigns place name" do
diff --git a/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb
index 068084e86..e9ce41369 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/plantings_controller_spec.rb
@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ describe PlantingsController do
 
   def valid_attributes
     {
-      garden_id: FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: subject.current_member).id,
-      crop_id: FactoryGirl.create(:crop).id
+      garden_id: FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: subject.current_member).id,
+      crop_id: FactoryBot.create(:crop).id
     }
   end
 
   describe "GET index" do
     before do
-      @member1 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @member2 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-      @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
-      @planting1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @tomato, owner: @member1)
-      @planting2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @maize, owner: @member2)
+      @member1 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @member2 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+      @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
+      @planting1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @tomato, owner: @member1)
+      @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @maize, owner: @member2)
     end
 
     it "assigns all plantings as @plantings" do
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ describe PlantingsController do
 
   describe "GET new" do
     it "picks up crop from params" do
-      crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+      crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
       get :new, crop_id: crop.id
       assigns(:crop).should eq(crop)
     end
@@ -63,28 +63,28 @@ describe PlantingsController do
     end
 
     it "picks up member's garden from params" do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: member)
+      garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member)
       get :new, garden_id: garden.id
       assigns(:garden).should eq(garden)
     end
 
     it "Doesn't display another member's garden on planting form" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member) # over-riding member from login_member()
-      garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member) # over-riding member from login_member()
+      garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member)
       get :new, garden_id: garden.id
       assigns(:garden).should_not eq(garden)
     end
 
     it "Doesn't display un-approved crops on planting form" do
-      crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop, approval_status: 'pending')
-      FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: member)
+      crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop, approval_status: 'pending')
+      FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member)
       get :new, crop_id: crop.id
       assigns(:crop).should_not eq(crop)
     end
 
     it "Doesn't display rejected crops on planting form" do
-      crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop, approval_status: 'rejected', reason_for_rejection: 'nope')
-      FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: member)
+      crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop, approval_status: 'rejected', reason_for_rejection: 'nope')
+      FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member)
       get :new, crop_id: crop.id
       assigns(:crop).should_not eq(crop)
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/posts_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/posts_controller_spec.rb
index bb7adeb83..4cd61d242 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/posts_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/posts_controller_spec.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe PostsController do
   login_member
 
   def valid_attributes
-    member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     { author_id: member.id, subject: "blah", body: "blah blah" }
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/registrations_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/registrations_controller_spec.rb
index 56d277b75..c69144fd6 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/registrations_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/registrations_controller_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe RegistrationsController do
   before :each do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     controller.stub(:devise_mapping).and_return(Devise.mappings[:member])
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ describe RegistrationsController do
     end
 
     it "picks up the twitter auth" do
-      @auth = FactoryGirl.create(:authentication, member: @member)
+      @auth = FactoryBot.create(:authentication, member: @member)
       get :edit
       assigns(:twitter_auth).should eq @auth
     end
 
     it "picks up the flickr auth" do
-      @auth = FactoryGirl.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
+      @auth = FactoryBot.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
       get :edit
       assigns(:flickr_auth).should eq @auth
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb
index 0f10784f8..64b1e97fe 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/scientific_names_controller_spec.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe ScientificNamesController do
   login_member(:crop_wrangling_member)
 
   before(:each) do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
   end
 
   def valid_attributes
diff --git a/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb
index 1686bd28b..9ae6af1e2 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe SeedsController do
   describe "GET index" do
     it "picks up owner from params" do
-      owner = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      owner = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       get :index, owner: owner.slug
       assigns(:owner).should eq(owner)
     end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/shop_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/shop_controller_spec.rb
index 82b07a4b4..4a438ea76 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/shop_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/shop_controller_spec.rb
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe ShopController do
   before :each do
-    @product1 = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
-    @product2 = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
+    @product1 = FactoryBot.create(:product)
+    @product2 = FactoryBot.create(:product)
   end
 
   describe "GET index" do
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ describe ShopController do
     end
 
     it "assigns @order as current_order if there is one" do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
-      @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
+      @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
       get :index, {}
       assigns(:order).should eq @order
     end
diff --git a/spec/factories/account_types.rb b/spec/factories/account_types.rb
index 0187a9e3d..a983e24e4 100644
--- a/spec/factories/account_types.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/account_types.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :account_type do
     name "Free"
     is_paid false
diff --git a/spec/factories/accounts.rb b/spec/factories/accounts.rb
index 069c8e850..fb4805964 100644
--- a/spec/factories/accounts.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/accounts.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   # never do this directly.
   # create a member then look at member.account_detail instead.
   # (because it's auto-created, and there can only be one.)
diff --git a/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb b/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb
index 1c14d60ac..32c609cc3 100644
--- a/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :alternate_name do
     name "alternate name"
     crop
diff --git a/spec/factories/authentications.rb b/spec/factories/authentications.rb
index 8b26549f0..0f385f680 100644
--- a/spec/factories/authentications.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/authentications.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :authentication do
     member
     provider 'twitter'
diff --git a/spec/factories/comments.rb b/spec/factories/comments.rb
index 85dca1b4c..5b726bd41 100644
--- a/spec/factories/comments.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/comments.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :comment do
     post
     author
diff --git a/spec/factories/crop.rb b/spec/factories/crop.rb
index 6467cb813..c6f095354 100644
--- a/spec/factories/crop.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/crop.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :crop do
     name "magic bean"
     en_wikipedia_url "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_bean"
diff --git a/spec/factories/follows.rb b/spec/factories/follows.rb
index f54acc0e8..a6c609e48 100644
--- a/spec/factories/follows.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/follows.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :follow do
     follower
     followed
diff --git a/spec/factories/forums.rb b/spec/factories/forums.rb
index 0d8cff596..5636981fb 100644
--- a/spec/factories/forums.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/forums.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :forum do
     name "Permaculture"
     description "*Everything* about permaculture!"
diff --git a/spec/factories/garden.rb b/spec/factories/garden.rb
index 8d6429e2a..1f3d7461d 100644
--- a/spec/factories/garden.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/garden.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :garden do
     name 'Springfield Community Garden'
     description "This is a **totally** cool garden"
diff --git a/spec/factories/harvests.rb b/spec/factories/harvests.rb
index 7f4455652..632dfc5ef 100644
--- a/spec/factories/harvests.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/harvests.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :harvest do
     crop
     plant_part
diff --git a/spec/factories/like.rb b/spec/factories/like.rb
index 51f44665a..bf19554bb 100644
--- a/spec/factories/like.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/like.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :like do
     member
     association :likeable, factory: "post"
diff --git a/spec/factories/member.rb b/spec/factories/member.rb
index 0888edabb..b3380e628 100644
--- a/spec/factories/member.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/member.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   sequence(:email) { |n| "member#{n}@example.com" }
   sequence(:login_name) { |n| "member#{n}" }
 
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ FactoryGirl.define do
     end
 
     factory :admin_member do
-      roles { [FactoryGirl.create(:admin)] }
+      roles { [FactoryBot.create(:admin)] }
     end
 
     factory :crop_wrangling_member do
-      roles { [FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangler)] }
+      roles { [FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangler)] }
       sequence(:login_name) { |n| "wrangler#{n}" }
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/factories/notifications.rb b/spec/factories/notifications.rb
index 4d6deac12..b893fcc1b 100644
--- a/spec/factories/notifications.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/notifications.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :notification, aliases: [:message] do
     sender
     recipient
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ FactoryGirl.define do
     post
 
     factory :no_email_notification do
-      recipient { FactoryGirl.create(:no_email_notifications_member) }
+      recipient { FactoryBot.create(:no_email_notifications_member) }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/order_items.rb b/spec/factories/order_items.rb
index f3b6f04ef..5dfba00ab 100644
--- a/spec/factories/order_items.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/order_items.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :order_item do
     order
     product
diff --git a/spec/factories/orders.rb b/spec/factories/orders.rb
index a2183e732..514eb4a22 100644
--- a/spec/factories/orders.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/orders.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :order do
     member
     factory :completed_order do
diff --git a/spec/factories/photos.rb b/spec/factories/photos.rb
index 70c1fb4fb..aef506bf0 100644
--- a/spec/factories/photos.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/photos.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :photo do
     owner
     flickr_photo_id 1
diff --git a/spec/factories/plant_parts.rb b/spec/factories/plant_parts.rb
index c0d6c53aa..695bf7542 100644
--- a/spec/factories/plant_parts.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/plant_parts.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :plant_part do
     name "pollen"
   end
diff --git a/spec/factories/planting.rb b/spec/factories/planting.rb
index aa4cd32ac..3a808e97c 100644
--- a/spec/factories/planting.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/planting.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :planting do
     garden
     owner
diff --git a/spec/factories/post.rb b/spec/factories/post.rb
index 562912214..d53f33100 100644
--- a/spec/factories/post.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/post.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :post do
     subject "A Post"
     body "This is some text."
diff --git a/spec/factories/products.rb b/spec/factories/products.rb
index e34dedac8..444c8597d 100644
--- a/spec/factories/products.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/products.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :product do
     name "annual subscription"
     description "paid membership, renewing yearly, *hurrah*"
diff --git a/spec/factories/roles.rb b/spec/factories/roles.rb
index d2f7ba262..fed5e5e00 100644
--- a/spec/factories/roles.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/roles.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :role do
     name "Moderator"
     description "These people moderate the forums"
diff --git a/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb b/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
index 4584cebf8..aa0911504 100644
--- a/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :scientific_name do
     association :crop, factory: :crop
     name "Beanus Magicus"
diff --git a/spec/factories/seeds.rb b/spec/factories/seeds.rb
index 323cdf2f2..41b3d404f 100644
--- a/spec/factories/seeds.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/seeds.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_girl
+# Read about factories at https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot
 
-FactoryGirl.define do
+FactoryBot.define do
   factory :seed do
     owner
     crop
diff --git a/spec/features/gardens/adding_gardens_spec.rb b/spec/features/gardens/adding_gardens_spec.rb
index da2bd0481..c3f78dd18 100644
--- a/spec/features/gardens/adding_gardens_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/gardens/adding_gardens_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 require 'custom_matchers'
 
 feature "Gardens", :js do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create :member }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create :member }
 
   background do
     login_as member
diff --git a/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb b/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb
index 75294ee2d..f0bfd15a8 100644
--- a/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 feature 'Likeable', js: true do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-  let(:another_member) { FactoryGirl.create(:london_member) }
-  let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+  let(:another_member) { FactoryBot.create(:london_member) }
+  let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post) }
 
   context 'logged in member' do
     background do
diff --git a/spec/features/members/deletion_spec.rb b/spec/features/members/deletion_spec.rb
index 1d99c3570..3009f51be 100644
--- a/spec/features/members/deletion_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/members/deletion_spec.rb
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 feature "member deletion" do
   context "with activity and followers" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:other_member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:memberpost) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member) }
-    let(:othermemberpost) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: other_member) }
-    let!(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:planting, owner: member) }
-    let!(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, owner: member) }
-    let!(:seed) { FactoryGirl.create(:seed, owner: member) }
-    let!(:secondgarden) { FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: member) }
-    let!(:order) { FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: member, completed_at: Time.zone.now) }
-    let(:admin) { FactoryGirl.create(:admin_member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:other_member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:memberpost) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member) }
+    let(:othermemberpost) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: other_member) }
+    let!(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, owner: member) }
+    let!(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, owner: member) }
+    let!(:seed) { FactoryBot.create(:seed, owner: member) }
+    let!(:secondgarden) { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member) }
+    let!(:order) { FactoryBot.create(:order, member: member, completed_at: Time.zone.now) }
+    let(:admin) { FactoryBot.create(:admin_member) }
     background do
       login_as(member)
       visit member_path(other_member)
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ feature "member deletion" do
       click_link 'Follow'
       logout
       login_as(member)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: member, post: othermemberpost)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: other_member, post: memberpost, body: "Fun comment-y thing")
+      FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: member, post: othermemberpost)
+      FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: other_member, post: memberpost, body: "Fun comment-y thing")
       # deletion breaks if no wranglers exist
-      FactoryGirl.create(:cropbot)
+      FactoryBot.create(:cropbot)
       # deletion breaks if ex_member doesn't exist
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member, login_name: "ex_member")
+      FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: "ex_member")
     end
 
     scenario "has option to delete on member profile page" do
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ feature "member deletion" do
   end
 
   context "for a crop wrangler" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member) }
-    let(:otherwrangler) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member) }
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop, creator: member) }
-    FactoryGirl.create(:cropbot)
-    let!(:ex_wrangler) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member, login_name: "ex_wrangler") }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member) }
+    let(:otherwrangler) { FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop, creator: member) }
+    FactoryBot.create(:cropbot)
+    let!(:ex_wrangler) { FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member, login_name: "ex_wrangler") }
 
     scenario "leaves crops behind" do
       login_as(otherwrangler)
diff --git a/spec/features/notifications_spec.rb b/spec/features/notifications_spec.rb
index 28436a3b2..feaf5d351 100644
--- a/spec/features/notifications_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/notifications_spec.rb
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ feature "Notifications", :js do
 
   describe 'pagination' do
     before do
-      34.times { FactoryGirl.create :notification, recipient: recipient }
+      34.times { FactoryBot.create :notification, recipient: recipient }
       login_as recipient
       visit notifications_path
     end
diff --git a/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb
index 346cf722a..fe390bbc0 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe ApplicationHelper do
   describe '#avatar_uri' do
     context 'with a normal user' do
       before :each do
-        @member = FactoryGirl.build(:member, email: 'example@example.com', preferred_avatar_uri: nil)
+        @member = FactoryBot.build(:member, email: 'example@example.com', preferred_avatar_uri: nil)
       end
       it 'should render a gravatar uri' do
         expect(avatar_uri(@member)).to eq 'http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/23463b99b62a72f26ed677cc556c44e8?size=150&default=identicon'
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ describe ApplicationHelper do
 
     context 'with a user who specified a preferred avatar uri' do
       before :each do
-        @member = FactoryGirl.build(:member, email: 'example@example.com', preferred_avatar_uri: 'http://media.catmoji.com/post/ujg/cat-in-hat.jpg')
+        @member = FactoryBot.build(:member, email: 'example@example.com', preferred_avatar_uri: 'http://media.catmoji.com/post/ujg/cat-in-hat.jpg')
       end
       it 'should render a the specified uri' do
         expect(avatar_uri(@member)).to eq 'http://media.catmoji.com/post/ujg/cat-in-hat.jpg'
diff --git a/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb
index d4c508c14..c22b51b79 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb
@@ -3,28 +3,28 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe GardensHelper do
   describe "garden description" do
     it "is missing" do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden,
+      garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden,
         description: nil)
       result = helper.display_garden_description(garden)
       expect(result).to eq "no description provided."
     end
 
     it "is less than 130 characters long" do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden,
+      garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden,
         description: 'a' * 20)
       result = helper.display_garden_description(garden)
       expect(result).to eq 'a' * 20
     end
 
     it "is 130 characters long" do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden,
+      garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden,
         description: 'a' * 130)
       result = helper.display_garden_description(garden)
       expect(result).to eq 'a' * 130
     end
 
     it "is more than 130 characters long" do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden,
+      garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden,
         description: 'a' * 140)
       result = helper.display_garden_description(garden)
       expect(result).to eq 'a' * 126 + '...' + ' ' + link_to("Read more", garden_path(garden))
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ describe GardensHelper do
     end
 
     it "has 1 planting" do
-      crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      plantings = [FactoryGirl.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop)]
+      crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      plantings = [FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop)]
       result = helper.display_garden_plantings(plantings)
 
       output = '<ul class="plantings"><li>'
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ describe GardensHelper do
     it "has 2 plantings" do
       plantings = []
 
-      crop1 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      plantings << FactoryGirl.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop1)
+      crop1 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      plantings << FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop1)
 
-      crop2 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      plantings << FactoryGirl.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop2)
+      crop2 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      plantings << FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop2)
 
       result = helper.display_garden_plantings(plantings.first(2))
 
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ describe GardensHelper do
     it "has 3 plantings" do
       plantings = []
 
-      crop1 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      plantings << FactoryGirl.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop1)
+      crop1 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      plantings << FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop1)
 
-      crop2 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      plantings << FactoryGirl.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop2)
+      crop2 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      plantings << FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop2)
 
-      crop3 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      plantings << FactoryGirl.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop3)
+      crop3 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      plantings << FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop3)
 
       result = helper.display_garden_plantings(plantings.first(2))
 
diff --git a/spec/helpers/harvests_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/harvests_helper_spec.rb
index 04dcc9dd8..1ba63810d 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/harvests_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/harvests_helper_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe HarvestsHelper do
   describe "display_quantity" do
     it "blank" do
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         quantity: nil,
         weight_quantity: nil)
       result = helper.display_quantity(harvest)
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ describe HarvestsHelper do
     end
 
     it '3 individual' do
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         quantity: 3,
         unit: 'individual',
         weight_quantity: nil)
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe HarvestsHelper do
     end
 
     it '1 bunch' do
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         quantity: 1,
         unit: 'bunch',
         weight_quantity: nil)
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ describe HarvestsHelper do
     end
 
     it '3 bunches' do
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         quantity: 3,
         unit: 'bunch',
         weight_quantity: nil)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe HarvestsHelper do
     end
 
     it '3 kg' do
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         quantity: nil,
         unit: nil,
         weight_quantity: 3,
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe HarvestsHelper do
     end
 
     it '3 individual weighing 3 kg' do
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         quantity: 3,
         unit: 'individual',
         weight_quantity: 3,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ describe HarvestsHelper do
     end
 
     it '3 bunches weighing 3 kg' do
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         quantity: 3,
         unit: 'bunch',
         weight_quantity: 3,
diff --git a/spec/helpers/notifications_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/notifications_helper_spec.rb
index 152791034..a00dabff3 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/notifications_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/notifications_helper_spec.rb
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe NotificationsHelper do
   describe "reply_link" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
     it "replies to PMs with PMs" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: member.id, post_id: nil)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: member.id, post_id: nil)
       link = helper.reply_link(notification)
       link.should_not be_nil
       link.should eq reply_notification_url(notification)
     end
 
     it "replies to post comments with post comments" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: member.id)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: member.id)
 
       link = helper.reply_link(notification)
       link.should_not be_nil
diff --git a/spec/helpers/plantings_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/plantings_helper_spec.rb
index 62994ec68..3af084d5a 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/plantings_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/plantings_helper_spec.rb
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe PlantingsHelper do
   describe "display_planting" do
-    let!(:member) { FactoryGirl.build(:member, login_name: 'crop_lady') }
+    let!(:member) { FactoryBot.build(:member, login_name: 'crop_lady') }
 
     it "does not have a quantity nor a planted from value provided" do
-      planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting,
+      planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting,
         quantity: nil,
         planted_from: '',
         owner: member)
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ describe PlantingsHelper do
     end
 
     it "does not have a quantity provided" do
-      planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting,
+      planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting,
         quantity: nil,
         planted_from: 'seed',
         owner: member)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ describe PlantingsHelper do
 
     context "when quantity is greater than 1" do
       it "does not have a planted from value provided" do
-        planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting,
+        planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting,
           quantity: 10,
           planted_from: '',
           owner: member)
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ describe PlantingsHelper do
       end
 
       it "does have a planted from value provided" do
-        planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting,
+        planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting,
           quantity: 5,
           planted_from: 'seed',
           owner: member)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe PlantingsHelper do
 
     context "when quantity is 1" do
       it "does not have a planted from value provided" do
-        planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting,
+        planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting,
           quantity: 1,
           planted_from: '',
           owner: member)
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ describe PlantingsHelper do
       end
 
       it "does have a planted from value provided" do
-        planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting,
+        planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting,
           quantity: 1,
           planted_from: 'seed',
           owner: member)
diff --git a/spec/helpers/seeds_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/seeds_helper_spec.rb
index 4b8330e10..3d559058e 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/seeds_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/seeds_helper_spec.rb
@@ -3,28 +3,28 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe SeedsHelper do
   describe "seed description" do
     it "is missing" do
-      seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed,
+      seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed,
         description: nil)
       result = helper.display_seed_description(seed)
       expect(result).to eq "no description provided."
     end
 
     it "is less than 130 characters long" do
-      seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed,
+      seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed,
         description: 'a' * 20)
       result = helper.display_seed_description(seed)
       expect(result).to eq 'a' * 20
     end
 
     it "is 130 characters long" do
-      seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed,
+      seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed,
         description: 'a' * 130)
       result = helper.display_seed_description(seed)
       expect(result).to eq 'a' * 130
     end
 
     it "is more than 130 characters long" do
-      seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed,
+      seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed,
         description: 'a' * 140)
       result = helper.display_seed_description(seed)
       expect(result).to eq 'a' * 126 + '...' + ' ' + link_to("Read more", seed_path(seed))
diff --git a/spec/lib/haml/filters/escaped_markdown_spec.rb b/spec/lib/haml/filters/escaped_markdown_spec.rb
index 46e6b10ea..5afac0a04 100644
--- a/spec/lib/haml/filters/escaped_markdown_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/haml/filters/escaped_markdown_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Escaped_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it 'converts quick crop links' do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
     rendered = Haml::Filters::EscapedMarkdown.render("[#{@crop.name}](crop)")
     rendered.should match(/&lt;a href=&quot;/)
   end
diff --git a/spec/lib/haml/filters/growstuff_markdown_spec.rb b/spec/lib/haml/filters/growstuff_markdown_spec.rb
index 287b3146e..bc1b66b66 100644
--- a/spec/lib/haml/filters/growstuff_markdown_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/haml/filters/growstuff_markdown_spec.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Growstuff_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it 'converts quick crop links' do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render(input_link(@crop.name))
     expect(rendered).to match(/#{output_link(@crop)}/)
   end
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Growstuff_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it "doesn't convert escaped crop links" do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render("\\" << input_link(@crop.name))
     expect(rendered).to match(/\[#{@crop.name}\]\(crop\)/)
   end
 
   it "handles multiple crop links" do
-    tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
     string = "#{input_link(tomato)} #{input_link(maize)}"
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render(string)
     expect(rendered).to match(/#{output_link(tomato)} #{output_link(maize)}/)
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Growstuff_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it "finds crops case insensitively" do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: 'tomato')
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'tomato')
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render(input_link('ToMaTo'))
     expect(rendered).to match(/#{output_link(@crop, 'ToMaTo')}/)
   end
 
   it "fixes PT bug #78615258 (Markdown rendering bug with URLs and crops in same text)" do
-    tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
+    tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
     string = "[test](http://example.com) [tomato](crop)"
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render(string)
     expect(rendered).to match(/#{output_link(tomato)}/)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Growstuff_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it 'converts quick member links' do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render(input_member_link(@member.login_name))
     expect(rendered).to match(/#{output_member_link(@member)}/)
   end
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Growstuff_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it "doesn't convert escaped members" do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render("\\" << input_member_link(@member.login_name))
     expect(rendered).to match(/\[#{@member.login_name}\]\(member\)/)
   end
 
   it 'converts @ member links' do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render("Hey @#{@member.login_name}! What's up")
     expect(rendered).to match(/#{output_member_link(@member, "@#{@member.login_name}")}/)
   end
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Growstuff_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it "doesn't convert nonexistent @ members" do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     @member_name = @member.login_name
     @member.destroy
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render("Hey @#{@member_name}")
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ describe 'Haml::Filters::Growstuff_Markdown' do
   end
 
   it "doesn't convert escaped @ members" do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     rendered = Haml::Filters::GrowstuffMarkdown.render("Hey \\@#{@member.login_name}! What's up")
     expect(rendered).to include("Hey @#{@member.login_name}!")
   end
diff --git a/spec/mailers/notifier_spec.rb b/spec/mailers/notifier_spec.rb
index c766528b7..e50682700 100644
--- a/spec/mailers/notifier_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/mailers/notifier_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require "rails_helper"
 
 describe Notifier do
   describe "notifications" do
-    let(:notification) { FactoryGirl.create(:notification) }
+    let(:notification) { FactoryBot.create(:notification) }
     let(:mail) { Notifier.notify(notification) }
 
     it 'sets the subject correctly' do
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ describe Notifier do
   end
 
   describe "planting reminders" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
     let(:mail) { Notifier.planting_reminder(member) }
 
     it 'sets the subject correctly' do
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ describe Notifier do
   end
 
   describe "new crop request" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member) }
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop_request) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop_request) }
     let(:mail) { Notifier.new_crop_request(member, crop) }
 
     it 'sets the subject correctly' do
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ describe Notifier do
   end
 
   describe "crop approved" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop) }
     let(:mail) { Notifier.crop_request_approved(member, crop) }
 
     it 'sets the subject correctly' do
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ describe Notifier do
   end
 
   describe "crop rejected" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:rejected_crop) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:rejected_crop) }
     let(:mail) { Notifier.crop_request_rejected(member, crop) }
 
     it 'sets the subject correctly' do
diff --git a/spec/models/ability_spec.rb b/spec/models/ability_spec.rb
index aed568fde..f855a6cfd 100644
--- a/spec/models/ability_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/ability_spec.rb
@@ -2,36 +2,36 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 require 'cancan/matchers'
 
 describe Ability do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
   let(:ability) { Ability.new(member) }
 
   context "notifications" do
     it 'member can view their own notifications' do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient: member)
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient: member)
       ability.should be_able_to(:read, notification)
     end
 
     it "member can't view someone else's notifications" do
-      notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification,
-        recipient: FactoryGirl.create(:member))
+      notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification,
+        recipient: FactoryBot.create(:member))
       ability.should_not be_able_to(:read, notification)
     end
     it "member can't send messages to themself" do
       ability.should_not be_able_to(:create,
-        FactoryGirl.create(:notification,
+        FactoryBot.create(:notification,
           recipient: member,
           sender: member))
     end
     it "member can send messages to someone else" do
       ability.should be_able_to(:create,
-        FactoryGirl.create(:notification,
-          recipient: FactoryGirl.create(:member),
+        FactoryBot.create(:notification,
+          recipient: FactoryBot.create(:member),
           sender: member))
     end
   end
 
   context "crop wrangling" do
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop) }
 
     context "standard member" do
       it "can't manage crops" do
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe Ability do
     end
 
     context "crop wrangler" do
-      let(:role) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangler) }
+      let(:role) { FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangler) }
 
       before(:each) do
         member.roles << role
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ describe Ability do
   end
 
   context "products" do
-    let(:product) { FactoryGirl.create(:product) }
+    let(:product) { FactoryBot.create(:product) }
 
     context "standard member" do
       it "can't read or manage products" do
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ describe Ability do
     end
 
     context "admin" do
-      let(:role) { FactoryGirl.create(:admin) }
+      let(:role) { FactoryBot.create(:admin) }
 
       before do
         member.roles << role
@@ -110,19 +110,19 @@ describe Ability do
   end
 
   context "orders" do
-    let(:order) { FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: member) }
+    let(:order) { FactoryBot.create(:order, member: member) }
     let(:strangers_order) {
-      FactoryGirl.create(:order,
-        member: FactoryGirl.create(:member)) }
+      FactoryBot.create(:order,
+        member: FactoryBot.create(:member)) }
     let(:completed_order) {
-      FactoryGirl.create(:completed_order,
+      FactoryBot.create(:completed_order,
         member: member) }
-    let(:order_item) { FactoryGirl.create(:order_item, order: order) }
+    let(:order_item) { FactoryBot.create(:order_item, order: order) }
     let(:strangers_order_item) {
-      FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+      FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
         order: strangers_order) }
     let(:completed_order_item) {
-      FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+      FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
         order: completed_order) }
 
     context "standard member" do
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ describe Ability do
     end
 
     context "admin" do
-      let(:role) { FactoryGirl.create(:admin) }
+      let(:role) { FactoryBot.create(:admin) }
 
       before do
         member.roles << role
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ describe Ability do
     end
 
     context 'admin' do
-      let(:role) { FactoryGirl.create(:admin) }
+      let(:role) { FactoryBot.create(:admin) }
 
       before do
         member.roles << role
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ describe Ability do
   end
 
   context 'plant parts' do
-    let(:plant_part) { FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part) }
+    let(:plant_part) { FactoryBot.create(:plant_part) }
 
     context 'ordinary member' do
       it "can read plant parts" do
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ describe Ability do
     end
 
     context 'admin' do
-      let(:role) { FactoryGirl.create(:admin) }
+      let(:role) { FactoryBot.create(:admin) }
 
       before do
         member.roles << role
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ describe Ability do
       end
 
       it "can't delete a plant part that has harvests" do
-        @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, plant_part: plant_part)
+        @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, plant_part: plant_part)
         ability.should_not be_able_to(:destroy, plant_part)
       end
     end
diff --git a/spec/models/account_spec.rb b/spec/models/account_spec.rb
index 52caf725f..15eb68084 100644
--- a/spec/models/account_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/account_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Account do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
   it "auto-creates an account detail record when a member is created" do
     member.account.should be_an_instance_of Account
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ describe Account do
   end
 
   it "formats the 'paid until' date nicely" do
-    member.account.account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type)
+    member.account.account_type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type)
     member.account.paid_until_string.should eq nil
 
-    member.account.account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:permanent_paid_account_type)
+    member.account.account_type = FactoryBot.create(:permanent_paid_account_type)
     member.account.paid_until_string.should eq "forever"
 
-    member.account.account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:paid_account_type)
+    member.account.account_type = FactoryBot.create(:paid_account_type)
     @time = Time.zone.now
     member.account.paid_until = @time
     member.account.paid_until_string.should eq @time.to_s
diff --git a/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb b/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb
index ec5684bcb..f358a9fca 100644
--- a/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe AlternateName do
-  let(:an) { FactoryGirl.create(:alternate_eggplant) }
+  let(:an) { FactoryBot.create(:alternate_eggplant) }
 
   it 'should save a basic alternate name' do
     expect(an.save).to be(true)
diff --git a/spec/models/authentication_spec.rb b/spec/models/authentication_spec.rb
index 10f6ac3d6..7e02a57f0 100644
--- a/spec/models/authentication_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/authentication_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Authentication do
   it 'creates an authentication' do
-    @auth = FactoryGirl.create(:authentication)
+    @auth = FactoryBot.create(:authentication)
     @auth.should be_an_instance_of Authentication
     @auth.member.should be_an_instance_of Member
   end
diff --git a/spec/models/comment_spec.rb b/spec/models/comment_spec.rb
index 3eacf4c0d..70d0a8386 100644
--- a/spec/models/comment_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/comment_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Comment do
   context "basic" do
-    let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create(:comment) }
+    let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment) }
 
     it "belongs to a post" do
       comment.post.should be_an_instance_of Post
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ describe Comment do
   end
 
   context "notifications" do
-    let(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create(:comment) }
+    let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment) }
 
     it "sends a notification when a comment is posted" do
       expect {
-        FactoryGirl.create(:comment)
+        FactoryBot.create(:comment)
       }.to change(Notification, :count).by(1)
     end
 
     it "sets the notification fields" do
-      @c = FactoryGirl.create(:comment)
+      @c = FactoryBot.create(:comment)
       @n = Notification.first
       @n.sender.should eq @c.author
       @n.recipient.should eq @c.post.author
@@ -33,20 +33,20 @@ describe Comment do
     end
 
     it "doesn't send notifications to yourself" do
-      @m = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @p = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @m)
+      @m = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @p = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @m)
       expect {
-        FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @p, author: @m)
+        FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @p, author: @m)
       }.to change(Notification, :count).by(0)
     end
   end
 
   context "ordering" do
     before(:each) do
-      @m = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @p = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @m)
-      @c1 = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @p, author: @m)
-      @c2 = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @p, author: @m)
+      @m = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @p = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @m)
+      @c1 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @p, author: @m)
+      @c2 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @p, author: @m)
     end
 
     it 'is in DESC order by default' do
diff --git a/spec/models/crop_spec.rb b/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
index a0593a3de..406a65eb0 100644
--- a/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Crop do
   context 'all fields present' do
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
 
     it 'should save a basic crop' do
       crop.save.should be(true)
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ describe Crop do
 
   context 'invalid data' do
     it 'should not save a crop without a system name' do
-      crop = FactoryGirl.build(:crop, name: nil)
+      crop = FactoryBot.build(:crop, name: nil)
       expect { crop.save }.to raise_error ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
     end
   end
 
   context 'ordering' do
     before do
-      @uppercase = FactoryGirl.create(:uppercasecrop, created_at: 1.minute.ago)
-      @lowercase = FactoryGirl.create(:lowercasecrop, created_at: 2.days.ago)
+      @uppercase = FactoryBot.create(:uppercasecrop, created_at: 1.minute.ago)
+      @lowercase = FactoryBot.create(:lowercasecrop, created_at: 2.days.ago)
     end
 
     it "should be sorted case-insensitively" do
@@ -49,40 +49,40 @@ describe Crop do
   end
 
   context 'popularity' do
-    let(:tomato) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
-    let(:maize) { FactoryGirl.create(:maize) }
-    let(:cucumber) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: 'cucumber') }
+    let(:tomato) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
+    let(:maize) { FactoryBot.create(:maize) }
+    let(:cucumber) { FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'cucumber') }
 
     before do
-      FactoryGirl.create_list(:planting, 10, crop: maize)
-      FactoryGirl.create_list(:planting, 3, crop: tomato)
+      FactoryBot.create_list(:planting, 10, crop: maize)
+      FactoryBot.create_list(:planting, 3, crop: tomato)
     end
 
     it "sorts by most plantings" do
       Crop.popular.first.should eq maize
-      FactoryGirl.create_list(:planting, 10, crop: tomato)
+      FactoryBot.create_list(:planting, 10, crop: tomato)
       Crop.popular.first.should eq tomato
     end
   end
 
   it 'finds a default scientific name' do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
     @crop.default_scientific_name.should eq nil
-    @sn = FactoryGirl.create(:solanum_lycopersicum, crop: @crop)
+    @sn = FactoryBot.create(:solanum_lycopersicum, crop: @crop)
     @crop.reload
     @crop.default_scientific_name.should eq @sn.name
   end
 
   it 'counts plantings' do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
     @crop.plantings.size.should eq 0
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
     @crop.reload
     @crop.plantings.size.should eq 1
   end
 
   context "wikipedia url" do
-    subject { FactoryGirl.build(:tomato, en_wikipedia_url: wikipedia_url) }
+    subject { FactoryBot.build(:tomato, en_wikipedia_url: wikipedia_url) }
 
     context 'not a url' do
       let(:wikipedia_url) { 'this is not valid' }
@@ -122,27 +122,27 @@ describe Crop do
 
   context 'varieties' do
     it 'has a crop hierarchy' do
-      @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-      @roma = FactoryGirl.create(:roma, parent_id: @tomato.id)
+      @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+      @roma = FactoryBot.create(:roma, parent_id: @tomato.id)
       @roma.parent.should eq @tomato
       @tomato.varieties.should eq [@roma]
     end
 
     it 'toplevel scope works' do
-      @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-      @roma = FactoryGirl.create(:roma, parent_id: @tomato.id)
+      @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+      @roma = FactoryBot.create(:roma, parent_id: @tomato.id)
       Crop.toplevel.should eq [@tomato]
     end
   end
 
   context 'photos' do
     before :each do
-      @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
+      @crop = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
     end
     context 'with a planting photo' do
       before :each do
-        @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
-        @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+        @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
+        @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
         @planting.photos << @photo
       end
 
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ describe Crop do
 
     context 'with a harvest photo' do
       before :each do
-        @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: @crop)
-        @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+        @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: @crop)
+        @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
         @harvest.photos << @photo
       end
 
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ describe Crop do
 
       context 'and planting photo' do
         before :each do
-          @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
-          @planting_photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+          @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
+          @planting_photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
           @planting.photos << @planting_photo
         end
 
@@ -189,81 +189,81 @@ describe Crop do
   end
 
   context 'sunniness' do
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
 
     it 'returns a hash of sunniness values' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:shady_planting, crop: crop)
       crop.sunniness.should be_an_instance_of Hash
     end
 
     it 'counts each sunniness value' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:shady_planting, crop: crop)
       crop.sunniness.should == { 'sun' => 2, 'shade' => 1, 'semi-shade' => 1 }
     end
 
     it 'ignores unused sunniness values' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
       crop.sunniness.should == { 'sun' => 2, 'semi-shade' => 1 }
     end
   end
 
   context 'planted_from' do
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
 
     it 'returns a hash of sunniness values' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:cutting_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting, crop: crop)
       crop.planted_from.should be_an_instance_of Hash
     end
 
     it 'counts each planted_from value' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:cutting_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting, crop: crop)
       crop.planted_from.should == { 'seed' => 2, 'seedling' => 1, 'cutting' => 1 }
     end
 
     it 'ignores unused planted_from values' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
       crop.planted_from.should == { 'seed' => 2, 'seedling' => 1 }
     end
   end
 
   context 'popular plant parts' do
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
 
     it 'returns a hash of plant_part values' do
       crop.popular_plant_parts.should be_an_instance_of Hash
     end
 
     it 'counts each plant_part value' do
-      @fruit = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part, name: 'seed')
-      @root = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part, name: 'root')
-      @bulb = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part, name: 'bulb')
-      @harvest1 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      @fruit = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+      @seed = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part, name: 'seed')
+      @root = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part, name: 'root')
+      @bulb = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part, name: 'bulb')
+      @harvest1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         crop: crop,
         plant_part: @fruit)
-      @harvest2 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      @harvest2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         crop: crop,
         plant_part: @fruit)
-      @harvest3 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      @harvest3 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         crop: crop,
         plant_part: @seed)
-      @harvest4 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+      @harvest4 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
         crop: crop,
         plant_part: @root)
       crop.popular_plant_parts.should == { [@fruit.id, @fruit.name] => 2,
@@ -275,19 +275,19 @@ describe Crop do
   context 'interesting' do
     it 'lists interesting crops' do
       # first, a couple of candidate crops
-      @crop1 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      @crop2 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+      @crop1 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      @crop2 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
 
       # they need 3+ plantings each to be interesting
       (1..3).each do
-        FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop1)
+        FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop1)
       end
       (1..3).each do
-        FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop2)
+        FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop2)
       end
 
       # crops need 3+ photos to be interesting
-      @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+      @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
       [@crop1, @crop2].each do |c|
         (1..3).each do
           c.plantings.first.photos << @photo
@@ -302,16 +302,16 @@ describe Crop do
 
     it 'ignores crops without plantings' do
       # first, a couple of candidate crops
-      @crop1 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      @crop2 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+      @crop1 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      @crop2 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
 
       # only crop1 has plantings
       (1..3).each do
-        FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop1)
+        FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop1)
       end
 
       # ... and photos
-      @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+      @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
       (1..3).each do
         @crop1.plantings.first.photos << @photo
         @crop1.plantings.first.save
@@ -324,19 +324,19 @@ describe Crop do
 
     it 'ignores crops without photos' do
       # first, a couple of candidate crops
-      @crop1 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      @crop2 = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+      @crop1 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      @crop2 = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
 
       # both crops have plantings
       (1..3).each do
-        FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop1)
+        FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop1)
       end
       (1..3).each do
-        FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop2)
+        FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop2)
       end
 
       # but only crop1 has photos
-      @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+      @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
       (1..3).each do
         @crop1.plantings.first.photos << @photo
         @crop1.plantings.first.save
@@ -350,20 +350,20 @@ describe Crop do
 
   context "harvests" do
     it "has harvests" do
-      crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop)
+      crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop)
       crop.harvests.should eq [harvest]
     end
   end
 
   it 'has plant_parts' do
-    @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
-    @pp1 = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-    @pp2 = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-    @h1 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
+    @pp1 = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+    @pp2 = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+    @h1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @maize,
       plant_part: @pp1)
-    @h2 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @h2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @maize,
       plant_part: @pp2)
     @maize.plant_parts.should include @pp1
@@ -371,19 +371,19 @@ describe Crop do
   end
 
   it "doesn't duplicate plant_parts" do
-    @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
-    @pp1 = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-    @h1 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
+    @pp1 = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+    @h1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @maize,
       plant_part: @pp1)
-    @h2 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @h2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @maize,
       plant_part: @pp1)
     @maize.plant_parts.should eq [@pp1]
   end
 
   context "search", :elasticsearch do
-    let(:mushroom) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: 'mushroom') }
+    let(:mushroom) { FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'mushroom') }
 
     before do
       sync_elasticsearch([mushroom])
@@ -402,12 +402,12 @@ describe Crop do
       Crop.search('mUsH').should include mushroom
     end
     it "doesn't find 'rejected' crop" do
-      @rejected_crop = FactoryGirl.create(:rejected_crop, name: 'tomato')
+      @rejected_crop = FactoryBot.create(:rejected_crop, name: 'tomato')
       sync_elasticsearch([@rejected_crop])
       Crop.search('tomato').should_not include @rejected_crop
     end
     it "doesn't find 'pending' crop" do
-      @crop_request = FactoryGirl.create(:crop_request, name: 'tomato')
+      @crop_request = FactoryBot.create(:crop_request, name: 'tomato')
       sync_elasticsearch([@crop_request])
       Crop.search('tomato').should_not include @crop_request
     end
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ describe Crop do
     before(:each) do
       # don't use 'let' for this -- we need to actually create it,
       # regardless of whether it's used.
-      @cropbot = FactoryGirl.create(:cropbot)
+      @cropbot = FactoryBot.create(:cropbot)
     end
 
     context "scientific names" do
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ describe Crop do
     end
 
     it "loads a crop with a parent" do
-      parent = FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: 'parent')
+      parent = FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'parent')
       crop = CsvImporter.new.import_crop(
         ["tomato", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato", "parent"]
       )
@@ -572,9 +572,9 @@ describe Crop do
   end
 
   context "crop-post association" do
-    let!(:tomato) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
-    let!(:maize) { FactoryGirl.create(:maize) }
-    let!(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, body: "[maize](crop)[tomato](crop)[tomato](crop)") }
+    let!(:tomato) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
+    let!(:maize) { FactoryBot.create(:maize) }
+    let!(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, body: "[maize](crop)[tomato](crop)[tomato](crop)") }
 
     describe "destroying a crop" do
       before do
@@ -593,15 +593,15 @@ describe Crop do
 
   context "crop rejections" do
     let!(:rejected_reason) do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: 'tomato',
-                                approval_status: 'rejected',
-                                reason_for_rejection: 'not edible')
+      FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'tomato',
+                               approval_status: 'rejected',
+                               reason_for_rejection: 'not edible')
     end
     let!(:rejected_other) do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: 'tomato',
-                                approval_status: 'rejected',
-                                reason_for_rejection: 'other',
-                                rejection_notes: 'blah blah blah')
+      FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'tomato',
+                               approval_status: 'rejected',
+                               reason_for_rejection: 'other',
+                               rejection_notes: 'blah blah blah')
     end
 
     describe "rejecting a crop" do
diff --git a/spec/models/follow_spec.rb b/spec/models/follow_spec.rb
index 95b82d8a8..4bf82f2b3 100644
--- a/spec/models/follow_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/follow_spec.rb
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ require 'spec_helper'
 
 describe Follow do
   before(:each) do
-    @member1 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @member2 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member1 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @member2 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
   end
 
   it "sends a notification when a follow is created" do
diff --git a/spec/models/forum_spec.rb b/spec/models/forum_spec.rb
index 59b502ff2..5fab0bfed 100644
--- a/spec/models/forum_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/forum_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Forum do
-  let(:forum) { FactoryGirl.create(:forum) }
+  let(:forum) { FactoryBot.create(:forum) }
 
   it "belongs to an owner" do
     forum.owner.should be_an_instance_of Member
@@ -16,14 +16,14 @@ describe Forum do
   end
 
   it "has many posts" do
-    @post1 = FactoryGirl.create(:forum_post, forum: forum)
-    @post2 = FactoryGirl.create(:forum_post, forum: forum)
+    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: forum)
+    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: forum)
     forum.posts.size.should == 2
   end
 
   it "orders posts in reverse chron order" do
-    @post1 = FactoryGirl.create(:forum_post, forum: forum, created_at: 2.days.ago)
-    @post2 = FactoryGirl.create(:forum_post, forum: forum, created_at: 1.day.ago)
+    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: forum, created_at: 2.days.ago)
+    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: forum, created_at: 1.day.ago)
     forum.posts.first.should eq @post2
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/garden_spec.rb b/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
index 8a27097c3..867b333d1 100644
--- a/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Garden do
-  let(:owner) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-  let(:garden) { FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: owner) }
+  let(:owner) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+  let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: owner) }
 
   it "should have a slug" do
     garden.slug.should match(/member\d+-springfield-community-garden/)
@@ -13,32 +13,37 @@ describe Garden do
   end
 
   it "doesn't allow a nil name" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, name: nil)
+    garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, name: nil)
     garden.should_not be_valid
   end
 
   it "doesn't allow a blank name" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, name: "")
+    garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, name: "")
     garden.should_not be_valid
   end
 
   it "allows numbers" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, name: "100 vines of 2 kamo-kamo")
+    garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, name: "100 vines of 2 kamo-kamo")
     garden.should_not be_valid
   end
 
+  it "allows brackets" do
+    garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, name: "Garden (second)")
+    garden.should be_valid
+  end
+
   it "allows macrons" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, name: "Kūmara and pūha patch")
+    garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, name: "Kūmara and pūha patch")
     garden.should_not be_valid
   end
 
   it "doesn't allow a name with only spaces" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, name: "    ")
+    garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, name: "    ")
     garden.should_not be_valid
   end
 
   it "doesn't allow a new lines in garden names" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, name: "My garden\nI am a 1337 hacker")
+    garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, name: "My garden\nI am a 1337 hacker")
     garden.should_not be_valid
   end
 
@@ -51,38 +56,38 @@ describe Garden do
   end
 
   context "featured plantings" do
-    let(:tomato) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
-    let(:maize) { FactoryGirl.create(:maize) }
-    let(:chard) { FactoryGirl.create(:chard) }
-    let(:apple) { FactoryGirl.create(:apple) }
-    let(:pear)  { FactoryGirl.create(:pear) }
-    let(:walnut) { FactoryGirl.create(:walnut) }
+    let(:tomato) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
+    let(:maize) { FactoryBot.create(:maize) }
+    let(:chard) { FactoryBot.create(:chard) }
+    let(:apple) { FactoryBot.create(:apple) }
+    let(:pear)  { FactoryBot.create(:pear) }
+    let(:walnut) { FactoryBot.create(:walnut) }
 
     it "should fetch < 4 featured plantings if insufficient exist" do
-      @p1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: tomato, garden: garden)
-      @p2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: maize, garden: garden)
+      @p1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: tomato, garden: garden)
+      @p2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: maize, garden: garden)
 
       garden.featured_plantings.should eq [@p2, @p1]
     end
 
     it "should fetch most recent 4 featured plantings" do
-      @p1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: tomato, garden: garden)
-      @p2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: maize, garden: garden)
-      @p3 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: chard, garden: garden)
-      @p4 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: apple, garden: garden)
-      @p5 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: walnut, garden: garden)
+      @p1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: tomato, garden: garden)
+      @p2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: maize, garden: garden)
+      @p3 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: chard, garden: garden)
+      @p4 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: apple, garden: garden)
+      @p5 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: walnut, garden: garden)
 
       garden.featured_plantings.should eq [@p5, @p4, @p3, @p2]
     end
 
     it "should skip repeated plantings" do
-      @p1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: tomato, garden: garden)
-      @p2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: maize, garden: garden)
-      @p3 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: chard, garden: garden)
-      @p4 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: apple, garden: garden)
-      @p5 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: walnut, garden: garden)
-      @p6 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: apple, garden: garden)
-      @p7 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: pear, garden: garden)
+      @p1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: tomato, garden: garden)
+      @p2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: maize, garden: garden)
+      @p3 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: chard, garden: garden)
+      @p4 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: apple, garden: garden)
+      @p5 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: walnut, garden: garden)
+      @p6 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: apple, garden: garden)
+      @p7 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: pear, garden: garden)
 
       garden.featured_plantings.should eq [@p7, @p6, @p5, @p3]
     end
@@ -90,16 +95,16 @@ describe Garden do
 
   context 'ordering' do
     it "should be sorted alphabetically" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:garden_z)
-      a = FactoryGirl.create(:garden_a)
+      FactoryBot.create(:garden_z)
+      a = FactoryBot.create(:garden_a)
       Garden.first.should == a
     end
   end
 
   it "destroys plantings when deleted" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: owner)
-    @planting1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: garden)
-    @planting2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: garden)
+    garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: owner)
+    @planting1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden)
+    @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden)
     garden.plantings.size.should eq(2)
     all = Planting.count
     garden.destroy
@@ -108,37 +113,37 @@ describe Garden do
 
   context 'area' do
     it 'allows numeric area' do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: 33)
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: 33)
       garden.should be_valid
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow negative area" do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: -5)
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: -5)
       garden.should_not be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows decimal quantities' do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: 3.3)
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: 3.3)
       garden.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows blank quantities' do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: '')
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: '')
       garden.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows nil quantities' do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: nil)
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: nil)
       garden.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'cleans up zero quantities' do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: 0)
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: 0)
       garden.area.should == 0
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow non-numeric quantities" do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: "99a")
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: "99a")
       garden.should_not be_valid
     end
   end
@@ -146,27 +151,27 @@ describe Garden do
   context 'units' do
     Garden::AREA_UNITS_VALUES.values.push(nil, '').each do |s|
       it "#{s} should be a valid unit" do
-        garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area_unit: s)
+        garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area_unit: s)
         garden.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'should refuse invalid unit values' do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area_unit: 'not valid')
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area_unit: 'not valid')
       garden.should_not be_valid
       garden.errors[:area_unit].should include("not valid is not a valid area unit")
     end
 
     it 'sets area unit to blank if area is blank' do
-      garden = FactoryGirl.build(:garden, area: '', area_unit: 'acre')
+      garden = FactoryBot.build(:garden, area: '', area_unit: 'acre')
       garden.should be_valid
       garden.area_unit.should eq nil
     end
   end
 
   context 'active scopes' do
-    let(:active) { FactoryGirl.create(:garden) }
-    let(:inactive) { FactoryGirl.create(:inactive_garden) }
+    let(:active) { FactoryBot.create(:garden) }
+    let(:inactive) { FactoryBot.create(:inactive_garden) }
 
     it 'includes active garden in active scope' do
       Garden.active.should include active
@@ -179,9 +184,9 @@ describe Garden do
   end
 
   it "marks plantings as finished when garden is inactive" do
-    garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden)
-    p1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: garden)
-    p2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: garden)
+    garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden)
+    p1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden)
+    p2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden)
 
     p1.finished.should eq false
     p2.finished.should eq false
@@ -196,10 +201,10 @@ describe Garden do
   end
 
   it "doesn't mark the wrong plantings as finished" do
-    g1 = FactoryGirl.create(:garden)
-    g2 = FactoryGirl.create(:garden)
-    p1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: g1)
-    p2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: g2)
+    g1 = FactoryBot.create(:garden)
+    g2 = FactoryBot.create(:garden)
+    p1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: g1)
+    p2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: g2)
 
     # mark the garden as inactive
     g1.active = false
@@ -215,8 +220,8 @@ describe Garden do
   end
 
   context 'photos' do
-    let(:garden) { FactoryGirl.create(:garden) }
-    let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create(:photo) }
+    let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create(:garden) }
+    let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo) }
 
     before do
       garden.photos << photo
@@ -237,7 +242,7 @@ describe Garden do
     end
 
     it 'chooses the most recent photo' do
-      @photo2 = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+      @photo2 = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
       garden.photos << @photo2
       garden.default_photo.should eq @photo2
     end
diff --git a/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb b/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb
index bc626f294..19d3dea89 100644
--- a/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb
@@ -2,43 +2,43 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Harvest do
   it "has an owner" do
-    harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest)
+    harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest)
     harvest.owner.should be_an_instance_of Member
   end
 
   it "has a crop" do
-    harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest)
+    harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest)
     harvest.crop.should be_an_instance_of Crop
   end
 
   context 'quantity' do
     it 'allows numeric quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, quantity: 33)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, quantity: 33)
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows decimal quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, quantity: 3.3)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, quantity: 3.3)
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows blank quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, quantity: '')
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, quantity: '')
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows nil quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, quantity: nil)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, quantity: nil)
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'cleans up zero quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, quantity: 0)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, quantity: 0)
       @harvest.quantity.should == 0
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow non-numeric quantities" do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, quantity: "99a")
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, quantity: "99a")
       @harvest.should_not be_valid
     end
   end
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@ describe Harvest do
     it 'all valid units should work' do
       ['individual', 'bunch', 'sprig', 'handful', 'litre',
        'pint', 'quart', 'bucket', 'basket', 'bushel', nil, ''].each do |s|
-        @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, unit: s)
+        @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, unit: s)
         @harvest.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'should refuse invalid unit values' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, unit: 'not valid')
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, unit: 'not valid')
       @harvest.should_not be_valid
       @harvest.errors[:unit].should include("not valid is not a valid unit")
     end
 
     it 'sets unit to blank if quantity is blank' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, quantity: '', unit: 'individual')
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, quantity: '', unit: 'individual')
       @harvest.should be_valid
       @harvest.unit.should eq nil
     end
@@ -67,32 +67,32 @@ describe Harvest do
 
   context 'weight quantity' do
     it 'allows numeric weight quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: 33)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: 33)
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows decimal weight quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: 3.3)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: 3.3)
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows blank weight quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: '')
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: '')
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'allows nil weight quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: nil)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: nil)
       @harvest.should be_valid
     end
 
     it 'cleans up zero quantities' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: 0)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: 0)
       @harvest.weight_quantity.should == 0
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow non-numeric weight quantities" do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: "99a")
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: "99a")
       @harvest.should_not be_valid
     end
   end
@@ -100,19 +100,19 @@ describe Harvest do
   context 'weight units' do
     it 'all valid units should work' do
       ['kg', 'lb', 'oz', nil, ''].each do |s|
-        @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_unit: s)
+        @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_unit: s)
         @harvest.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'should refuse invalid weight unit values' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_unit: 'not valid')
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_unit: 'not valid')
       @harvest.should_not be_valid
       @harvest.errors[:weight_unit].should include("not valid is not a valid unit")
     end
 
     it 'sets weight_unit to blank if quantity is blank' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: '', weight_unit: 'kg')
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.build(:harvest, weight_quantity: '', weight_unit: 'kg')
       @harvest.should be_valid
       @harvest.weight_unit.should eq nil
     end
@@ -120,19 +120,19 @@ describe Harvest do
 
   context "standardized weights" do
     it 'converts from pounds' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, weight_quantity: 2, weight_unit: "lb")
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, weight_quantity: 2, weight_unit: "lb")
       @harvest.should be_valid
       @harvest.reload.si_weight.should eq 0.907
     end
 
     it 'converts from ounces' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, weight_quantity: 16, weight_unit: "oz")
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, weight_quantity: 16, weight_unit: "oz")
       @harvest.should be_valid
       @harvest.reload.si_weight.should eq 0.454
     end
 
     it 'leaves kg alone' do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, weight_quantity: 2, weight_unit: "kg")
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, weight_quantity: 2, weight_unit: "kg")
       @harvest.should be_valid
       @harvest.reload.si_weight.should eq 2.0
     end
@@ -140,91 +140,91 @@ describe Harvest do
 
   context 'ordering' do
     it 'lists most recent harvests first' do
-      @h1 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, created_at: 1.day.ago)
-      @h2 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, created_at: 1.hour.ago)
+      @h1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, created_at: 1.day.ago)
+      @h2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, created_at: 1.hour.ago)
       Harvest.all.should eq [@h2, @h1]
     end
   end
 
   context "stringification" do
-    let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: "apricot") }
+    let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: "apricot") }
 
     it "apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: nil,
-                                        unit: nil,
-                                        weight_quantity: nil,
-                                        weight_unit: nil)
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: nil,
+                                       unit: nil,
+                                       weight_quantity: nil,
+                                       weight_unit: nil)
       @h.to_s.should eq "apricots"
     end
 
     it "1 individual apricot" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: 1,
-                                        unit: 'individual',
-                                        weight_quantity: nil,
-                                        weight_unit: nil)
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: 1,
+                                       unit: 'individual',
+                                       weight_quantity: nil,
+                                       weight_unit: nil)
       @h.to_s.should eq "1 individual apricot"
     end
 
     it "10 individual apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: 10,
-                                        unit: 'individual',
-                                        weight_quantity: nil,
-                                        weight_unit: nil)
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: 10,
+                                       unit: 'individual',
+                                       weight_quantity: nil,
+                                       weight_unit: nil)
       @h.to_s.should eq "10 individual apricots"
     end
 
     it "1 bushel of apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: 1,
-                                        unit: 'bushel',
-                                        weight_quantity: nil,
-                                        weight_unit: nil)
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: 1,
+                                       unit: 'bushel',
+                                       weight_quantity: nil,
+                                       weight_unit: nil)
       @h.to_s.should eq "1 bushel of apricots"
     end
 
     it "1.5 bushels of apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: 1.5,
-                                        unit: 'bushel',
-                                        weight_quantity: nil,
-                                        weight_unit: nil)
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: 1.5,
+                                       unit: 'bushel',
+                                       weight_quantity: nil,
+                                       weight_unit: nil)
       @h.to_s.should eq "1.5 bushels of apricots"
     end
 
     it "10 bushels of apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: 10,
-                                        unit: 'bushel',
-                                        weight_quantity: nil,
-                                        weight_unit: nil)
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: 10,
+                                       unit: 'bushel',
+                                       weight_quantity: nil,
+                                       weight_unit: nil)
       @h.to_s.should eq "10 bushels of apricots"
     end
 
     it "apricots weighing 1.2 kg" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: nil,
-                                        unit: nil,
-                                        weight_quantity: 1.2,
-                                        weight_unit: 'kg')
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: nil,
+                                       unit: nil,
+                                       weight_quantity: 1.2,
+                                       weight_unit: 'kg')
       @h.to_s.should eq "apricots weighing 1.2 kg"
     end
 
     it "10 bushels of apricots weighing 100 kg" do
-      @h = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
-                                        quantity: 10,
-                                        unit: 'bushel',
-                                        weight_quantity: 100,
-                                        weight_unit: 'kg')
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop,
+                                       quantity: 10,
+                                       unit: 'bushel',
+                                       weight_quantity: 100,
+                                       weight_unit: 'kg')
       @h.to_s.should eq "10 bushels of apricots weighing 100 kg"
     end
   end
 
   context 'photos' do
     before :each do
-      @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest)
+      @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest)
     end
 
     context 'without a photo' do
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ describe Harvest do
 
       context 'and with a crop(planting) photo' do
         before :each do
-          @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
-          @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @harvest.crop)
+          @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
+          @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @harvest.crop)
           @planting.photos << @photo
         end
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ describe Harvest do
 
     context 'with a photo' do
       before do
-        @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+        @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
 
         @harvest.photos << @photo
       end
@@ -272,8 +272,8 @@ describe Harvest do
 
       context 'and with a crop(planting) photo' do
         before :each do
-          @crop_photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
-          @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @harvest.crop)
+          @crop_photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
+          @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @harvest.crop)
           @planting.photos << @crop_photo
         end
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ describe Harvest do
 
       context 'and a second photo' do
         before :each do
-          @photo2 = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+          @photo2 = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
           @harvest.photos << @photo2
         end
 
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ describe Harvest do
   end
 
   it 'excludes deleted members' do
-    member = FactoryGirl.create :member
-    harvest = FactoryGirl.create :harvest, owner: member
+    member = FactoryBot.create :member
+    harvest = FactoryBot.create :harvest, owner: member
     expect(Harvest.joins(:owner).all).to include(harvest)
     member.destroy
     expect(Harvest.joins(:owner).all).not_to include(harvest)
diff --git a/spec/models/like_spec.rb b/spec/models/like_spec.rb
index 6c10ed590..50a2c1116 100644
--- a/spec/models/like_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/like_spec.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'like' do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-  let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+  let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post) }
 
   context 'existing like' do
     before(:each) do
diff --git a/spec/models/member_spec.rb b/spec/models/member_spec.rb
index c0b82c122..4a42a8409 100644
--- a/spec/models/member_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/member_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'member' do
   context 'valid member' do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
     it 'should be fetchable from the database' do
       member2 = Member.find(member.id)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe 'member' do
     end
 
     it 'should be able to fetch posts' do
-      post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member)
+      post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
       member.posts.should eq [post]
     end
 
@@ -52,27 +52,27 @@ describe 'member' do
     end
 
     it 'has many plantings' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:planting, owner: member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:planting, owner: member)
       member.plantings.size.should eq 1
     end
 
     it "has many comments" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: member)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: member)
       member.comments.size.should == 2
     end
 
     it "has many forums" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:forum, owner: member)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:forum, owner: member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:forum, owner: member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:forum, owner: member)
       member.forums.size.should == 2
     end
 
     it "has many likes" do
-      @post1 = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member)
-      @post2 = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member)
-      @like1 = FactoryGirl.create(:like, member: member, likeable: @post1)
-      @like2 = FactoryGirl.create(:like, member: member, likeable: @post2)
+      @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
+      @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
+      @like1 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member: member, likeable: @post1)
+      @like2 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member: member, likeable: @post2)
 
       expect(member.likes.length).to eq 2
     end
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ describe 'member' do
   end
 
   context 'no TOS agreement' do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.build(:no_tos_member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.build(:no_tos_member) }
 
     it "should refuse to save a member who hasn't agreed to the TOS" do
       member.save.should_not be(true)
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'newsletter scope' do
     it 'finds newsletter recipients' do
-      member1 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      member2 = FactoryGirl.create(:newsletter_recipient_member)
+      member1 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      member2 = FactoryBot.create(:newsletter_recipient_member)
       Member.wants_newsletter.should include member2
       Member.wants_newsletter.should_not include member1
     end
@@ -119,15 +119,15 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'same :login_name' do
     it "should not allow two members with the same login_name" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member, login_name: "bob")
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:member, login_name: "bob")
+      FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: "bob")
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:member, login_name: "bob")
       member.should_not be_valid
       member.errors[:login_name].should include("has already been taken")
     end
 
     it "tests uniqueness case-insensitively" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member, login_name: "bob")
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:member, login_name: "BoB")
+      FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: "bob")
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:member, login_name: "BoB")
       member.should_not be_valid
       member.errors[:login_name].should include("has already been taken")
     end
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'case sensitivity' do
     it 'preserves case of login name' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member, login_name: "BOB")
+      FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: "BOB")
       Member.find('bob').login_name.should eq 'BOB'
     end
   end
 
   context 'ordering' do
     before do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member, login_name: "Zoe")
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member, login_name: "Anna")
+      FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: "Zoe")
+      FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: "Anna")
     end
     it "should be sorted by name" do
       expect(Member.first.login_name).to eq("Anna")
@@ -152,27 +152,27 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'invalid login names' do
     it "doesn't allow short names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:invalid_member_shortname)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:invalid_member_shortname)
       member.should_not be_valid
       member.errors[:login_name].should include("should be between 2 and 25 characters long")
     end
     it "doesn't allow really long names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:invalid_member_longname)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:invalid_member_longname)
       member.should_not be_valid
       member.errors[:login_name].should include("should be between 2 and 25 characters long")
     end
     it "doesn't allow spaces in names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:invalid_member_spaces)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:invalid_member_spaces)
       member.should_not be_valid
       member.errors[:login_name].should include("may only include letters, numbers, or underscores")
     end
     it "doesn't allow other chars in names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:invalid_member_badchars)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:invalid_member_badchars)
       member.should_not be_valid
       member.errors[:login_name].should include("may only include letters, numbers, or underscores")
     end
     it "doesn't allow reserved names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:invalid_member_badname)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:invalid_member_badname)
       member.should_not be_valid
       member.errors[:login_name].should include("name is reserved")
     end
@@ -180,22 +180,22 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'valid login names' do
     it "allows plain alphanumeric chars in names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:valid_member_alphanumeric)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:valid_member_alphanumeric)
       member.should be_valid
     end
     it "allows uppercase chars in names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:valid_member_uppercase)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:valid_member_uppercase)
       member.should be_valid
     end
     it "allows underscores in names" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.build(:valid_member_underscore)
+      member = FactoryBot.build(:valid_member_underscore)
       member.should be_valid
     end
   end
 
   context 'roles' do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:role) { FactoryGirl.create(:role) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:role) { FactoryBot.create(:role) }
 
     before do
       member.roles << role
@@ -207,13 +207,13 @@ describe 'member' do
     end
 
     it 'sets up roles in factories' do
-      admin = FactoryGirl.create(:admin_member)
+      admin = FactoryBot.create(:admin_member)
       admin.role?(:admin).should eq true
     end
 
     it 'converts role names properly' do
       # need to make sure spaces get turned to underscores
-      role = FactoryGirl.create(:role, name: "a b c")
+      role = FactoryBot.create(:role, name: "a b c")
       member.roles << role
       member.role?(:a_b_c).should eq true
     end
@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'confirmed scope' do
     before(:each) do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:member)
     end
 
     it 'sees confirmed members' do
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ describe 'member' do
     end
 
     it 'ignores unconfirmed members' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:unconfirmed_member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:unconfirmed_member)
       Member.confirmed.size.should == 2
     end
   end
@@ -238,17 +238,17 @@ describe 'member' do
   context 'located scope' do
     # located members must have location, lat, long
     it 'finds members who have locations' do
-      london_member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
+      london_member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
       Member.located.should include london_member
     end
 
     it 'ignores members with blank locations' do
-      nowhere_member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      nowhere_member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       Member.located.should_not include nowhere_member
     end
 
     it 'ignores members with blank lat/long' do
-      london_member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
+      london_member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
       london_member.latitude = nil
       london_member.longitude = nil
       london_member.save(validate: false)
@@ -258,8 +258,8 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'near location' do
     it 'finds nearby members and sorts them' do
-      edinburgh_member = FactoryGirl.create(:edinburgh_member)
-      london_member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
+      edinburgh_member = FactoryBot.create(:edinburgh_member)
+      london_member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
       Member.nearest_to('Greenwich, UK').should eq [london_member, edinburgh_member]
     end
   end
@@ -278,10 +278,10 @@ describe 'member' do
           :unconfirmed_member, # !1
           :london_member,      # 1, 2, !3
           :member              # 1, !2, 3
-        ].collect { |m| FactoryGirl.create(m) }
+        ].collect { |m| FactoryBot.create(m) }
 
         [0, 1, 2, 3, 5].each do |i|
-          FactoryGirl.create(:planting, owner: @members[i])
+          FactoryBot.create(:planting, owner: @members[i])
         end
 
         @members[0].updated_at = 3.days.ago
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ describe 'member' do
 
         # Some members have multiple plantings, but should only appear once
         3.times do
-          FactoryGirl.create(:planting, owner: @members[2])
+          FactoryBot.create(:planting, owner: @members[2])
         end
       end
 
@@ -306,32 +306,32 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'orders' do
     it 'finds the current order' do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:completed_order, member: member)
-      order2 = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:completed_order, member: member)
+      order2 = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: member)
       member.current_order.should eq order2
     end
 
     it "copes if there's no current order" do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:completed_order, member: member)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:completed_order, member: member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:completed_order, member: member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:completed_order, member: member)
       member.current_order.should be_nil
     end
   end
 
   context "paid accounts" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
     it "recognises a permanent paid account" do
-      account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type,
+      account_type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type,
         is_paid: true, is_permanent_paid: true)
       member.account.account_type = account_type
       member.paid?.should be(true)
     end
 
     it "recognises a current paid account" do
-      account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type,
+      account_type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type,
         is_paid: true, is_permanent_paid: false)
       member.account.account_type = account_type
       member.account.paid_until = Time.zone.now + 1.month
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ describe 'member' do
     end
 
     it "recognises an expired paid account" do
-      account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type,
+      account_type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type,
         is_paid: true, is_permanent_paid: false)
       member.account.account_type = account_type
       member.account.paid_until = Time.zone.now - 1.minute
@@ -347,14 +347,14 @@ describe 'member' do
     end
 
     it "recognises a free account" do
-      account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type,
+      account_type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type,
         is_paid: false, is_permanent_paid: false)
       member.account.account_type = account_type
       member.paid?.should be(false)
     end
 
     it "recognises a free account even with paid_until set" do
-      account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type,
+      account_type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type,
         is_paid: false, is_permanent_paid: false)
       member.account.account_type = account_type
       member.account.paid_until = Time.zone.now + 1.month
@@ -364,9 +364,9 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context "update account" do
     let(:product) {
-      FactoryGirl.create(:product,
+      FactoryBot.create(:product,
         paid_months: 3)}
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
     it "sets account_type" do
       member.update_account_after_purchase(product)
@@ -388,16 +388,16 @@ describe 'member' do
 
   context 'harvests' do
     it 'has harvests' do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, owner: member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, owner: member)
       member.harvests.should eq [harvest]
     end
   end
 
   context 'member who followed another member' do
-    let(:member1) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:member2) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-    let(:member3) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member1) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:member2) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+    let(:member3) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
     before do
       @follow = member1.follows.create(follower_id: member1.id, followed_id: member2.id)
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ describe 'member' do
   end
 
   context 'subscriptions' do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
     let(:gb) { instance_double("Gibbon::API.new") }
 
     it 'subscribes to the newsletter' do
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ describe 'member' do
   end
 
   context 'member deleted' do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
     context 'queries a scope' do
       before { member.destroy }
       it { expect(Member.all).not_to include(member) }
@@ -458,18 +458,18 @@ describe 'member' do
     end
 
     context "deleted admin member" do
-      let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:admin_member) }
+      let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:admin_member) }
       before { member.destroy }
 
       context 'crop creator' do
-        let!(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:crop, creator: member) }
+        let!(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop, creator: member) }
         it "leaves crops behind, reassigned to cropbot" do
           expect(Crop.all).to include(crop)
         end
       end
 
       context 'forum owners' do
-        let!(:forum) { FactoryGirl.create(:forum, owner: member) }
+        let!(:forum) { FactoryBot.create(:forum, owner: member) }
         it "leaves forums behind, reassigned to ex_admin" do
           expect(forum.owner).to eq(member)
         end
diff --git a/spec/models/notification_spec.rb b/spec/models/notification_spec.rb
index 04cb028f3..be5fd019d 100644
--- a/spec/models/notification_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/notification_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Notification do
-  let(:notification) { FactoryGirl.create(:notification) }
+  let(:notification) { FactoryBot.create(:notification) }
 
   it "belongs to a post" do
     notification.post.should be_an_instance_of Post
@@ -17,42 +17,42 @@ describe Notification do
 
   it "has a scope for unread" do
     Notification.unread.should eq [notification]
-    @n2 = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, read: true)
+    @n2 = FactoryBot.create(:notification, read: true)
     Notification.unread.should eq [notification]
-    @n3 = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, read: false)
+    @n3 = FactoryBot.create(:notification, read: false)
     Notification.unread.should eq [@n3, notification]
   end
 
   it "counts unread" do
     @who = notification.recipient
-    @n2 = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient: @who, read: false)
+    @n2 = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient: @who, read: false)
     @who.notifications.unread_count.should eq 2
   end
 
   it "sends email if asked" do
-    @notification2 = FactoryGirl.create(:notification)
+    @notification2 = FactoryBot.create(:notification)
     @notification2.send_email
     ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last.to.should == [@notification2.recipient.email]
   end
 
   it "doesn't send email to people who don't want it" do
-    notification = FactoryGirl.create(:no_email_notification)
+    notification = FactoryBot.create(:no_email_notification)
     notification.send_email
     ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last.to.should_not == [notification.recipient.email]
   end
 
   it "sends email on creation" do
-    @notification2 = FactoryGirl.create(:notification)
+    @notification2 = FactoryBot.create(:notification)
     ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last.to.should == [@notification2.recipient.email]
   end
 
   it "replaces missing subjects with (no subject)" do
-    notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, subject: nil)
+    notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, subject: nil)
     notification.subject.should == "(no subject)"
   end
 
   it "replaces whitespace-only subjects with (no subject)" do
-    notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, subject: "    ")
+    notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, subject: "    ")
     notification.subject.should == "(no subject)"
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/order_item_spec.rb b/spec/models/order_item_spec.rb
index a6ede25d8..7c2de24c6 100644
--- a/spec/models/order_item_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/order_item_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe OrderItem do
-  let(:order_item) { FactoryGirl.create(:order_item) }
+  let(:order_item) { FactoryBot.create(:order_item) }
 
   it "has an order and a product" do
     order_item.order.should be_an_instance_of Order
@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ describe OrderItem do
   end
 
   it "validates price > product.min_price" do
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
-    order_item = FactoryGirl.build(:order_item, price: @product.min_price - 1)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product)
+    order_item = FactoryBot.build(:order_item, price: @product.min_price - 1)
     order_item.should_not be_valid
   end
 
   it "doesn't let you add two items to an order" do
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
-    @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order)
-    order_item = FactoryGirl.build(:order_item, order: @order)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product)
+    @order = FactoryBot.create(:order)
+    order_item = FactoryBot.build(:order_item, order: @order)
     order_item.should be_valid
     order_item.save
-    @order_item2 = FactoryGirl.build(:order_item, order: @order)
+    @order_item2 = FactoryBot.build(:order_item, order: @order)
     @order_item2.should_not be_valid
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/order_spec.rb b/spec/models/order_spec.rb
index 56895e834..2d43473e5 100644
--- a/spec/models/order_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/order_spec.rb
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Order do
   before(:each) do
-    @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order)
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
-    @order_item = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+    @order = FactoryBot.create(:order)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product)
+    @order_item = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
       order_id: @order.id, product_id: @product.id)
   end
 
   describe '#by_member_id' do
     before do
-      @member1 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @member2 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member1 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @member2 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       @order1 = Order.create!(member_id: @member1.id)
       @order2 = Order.create!(member_id: @member2.id)
     end
@@ -26,18 +26,18 @@ describe Order do
   end
 
   it 'sorts by created_at DESC' do
-    @order2 = FactoryGirl.create(:order)
+    @order2 = FactoryBot.create(:order)
     Order.all.should eq [@order2, @order]
   end
 
   it 'updates the account details' do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
-    @account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type, name: 'paid')
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product,
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
+    @account_type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type, name: 'paid')
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product,
       account_type: @account_type,
       paid_months: 3)
-    @order_item = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+    @order_item = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
       order_id: @order.id, product_id: @product.id)
 
     @member.account.paid_until.should be_nil
@@ -49,40 +49,40 @@ describe Order do
   end
 
   it "totals the amount due" do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product,
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product,
       min_price: 1000)
     # we force an order to only have one item at present. Add more if wanted
     # later.
-    @order_item1 = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+    @order_item1 = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
       order_id: @order.id, product_id: @product.id, price: 1111, quantity: 1)
 
     @order.total.should eq 1111
   end
 
   it "gives the correct total for quantities more than 1" do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product,
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product,
       min_price: 1000)
     # we force an order to only have one item at present. Add more if wanted
     # later.
-    @order_item1 = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+    @order_item1 = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
       order_id: @order.id, product_id: @product.id, price: 1111, quantity: 2)
 
     @order.total.should eq 2222
   end
 
   it "formats order items for activemerchant" do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product,
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @order = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product,
       name: 'foo',
       min_price: 1000)
     # we force an order to only have one item at present. Add more if wanted
     # later.
-    @order_item1 = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+    @order_item1 = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
       order_id: @order.id, product_id: @product.id, price: 1111, quantity: 1)
 
     @order.activemerchant_items.should eq [{
@@ -94,44 +94,44 @@ describe Order do
 
   context "referral codes" do
     it "has a referral code" do
-      referred_order = FactoryGirl.create(:referred_order)
+      referred_order = FactoryBot.create(:referred_order)
       referred_order.referral_code.should_not be nil
     end
 
     it "validates referral codes" do
-      referred_order = FactoryGirl.build(:order, referral_code: 'CAMP_AIGN1?')
+      referred_order = FactoryBot.build(:order, referral_code: 'CAMP_AIGN1?')
       referred_order.should_not be_valid
     end
 
     it "cleans up messy referral codes" do
-      referred_order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, referral_code: 'CaMpAiGn 1  ')
+      referred_order = FactoryBot.create(:order, referral_code: 'CaMpAiGn 1  ')
       referred_order.referral_code.should eq 'CAMPAIGN1'
     end
   end
 
   context 'search' do
     it 'finds orders by member' do
-      order = FactoryGirl.create(:order)
+      order = FactoryBot.create(:order)
       Order.search(by: 'member', for: order.member.login_name).should eq [order]
     end
 
     it 'finds orders by order_id' do
-      order = FactoryGirl.create(:order)
+      order = FactoryBot.create(:order)
       Order.search(by: 'order_id', for: order.id).should eq [order]
     end
 
     it 'finds orders by paypal_token' do
-      order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, paypal_express_token: 'foo')
+      order = FactoryBot.create(:order, paypal_express_token: 'foo')
       Order.search(by: 'paypal_token', for: 'foo').should eq [order]
     end
 
     it 'finds orders by paypal_payer_id' do
-      order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, paypal_express_payer_id: 'bar')
+      order = FactoryBot.create(:order, paypal_express_payer_id: 'bar')
       Order.search(by: 'paypal_payer_id', for: 'bar').should eq [order]
     end
 
     it 'finds orders by referral_code' do
-      order = FactoryGirl.create(:order, referral_code: 'baz')
+      order = FactoryBot.create(:order, referral_code: 'baz')
       Order.search(by: 'referral_code', for: 'baz').should eq [order]
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/models/photo_spec.rb b/spec/models/photo_spec.rb
index eb866611c..e220bfe59 100644
--- a/spec/models/photo_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/photo_spec.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Photo do
-  let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create(:photo, owner: member) }
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+  let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: member) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
   describe 'add/delete functionality' do
-    let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:planting) }
-    let(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create(:harvest) }
-    let(:garden) { FactoryGirl.create(:garden) }
+    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting) }
+    let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest) }
+    let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create(:garden) }
 
     context "adds photos" do
       it 'to a planting' do
diff --git a/spec/models/plant_part_spec.rb b/spec/models/plant_part_spec.rb
index 864a164cf..a6ec189dd 100644
--- a/spec/models/plant_part_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/plant_part_spec.rb
@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe PlantPart do
   it 'stringifies' do
-    @pp = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
+    @pp = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
     @pp.to_s.should eq @pp.name
   end
 
   it 'has crops' do
-    @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @pp1 = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-    @h1 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @pp1 = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+    @h1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @tomato,
       plant_part: @pp1)
-    @h2 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @h2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @maize,
       plant_part: @pp1)
     @pp1.crops.should include @tomato
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ describe PlantPart do
   end
 
   it "doesn't duplicate crops" do
-    @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
-    @pp1 = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-    @h1 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
+    @pp1 = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+    @h1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @maize,
       plant_part: @pp1)
-    @h2 = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @h2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @maize,
       plant_part: @pp1)
     @pp1.crops.should eq [@maize]
diff --git a/spec/models/planting_spec.rb b/spec/models/planting_spec.rb
index 887b78e38..54cdf296a 100644
--- a/spec/models/planting_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/planting_spec.rb
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Planting do
-  let(:crop) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
-  let(:garden_owner) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
-  let(:garden) { FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: garden_owner) }
-  let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: crop, garden: garden) }
+  let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
+  let(:garden_owner) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
+  let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: garden_owner) }
+  let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: crop, garden: garden) }
   let(:finished_planting) do
-    FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: 4.days.ago, finished_at: 2.days.ago, finished: true
+    FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: 4.days.ago, finished_at: 2.days.ago, finished: true
   end
 
   describe 'predictions' do
@@ -22,18 +22,18 @@ describe Planting do
     end
     context 'lots of data' do
       before do
-        FactoryGirl.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 10.days.ago
-        FactoryGirl.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 100.days.ago, finished_at: 50.days.ago
-        FactoryGirl.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 100.days.ago, finished_at: 51.days.ago
-        FactoryGirl.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 2.years.ago, finished_at: 50.days.ago
-        FactoryGirl.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 150.days.ago, finished_at: 100.days.ago
+        FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 10.days.ago
+        FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 100.days.ago, finished_at: 50.days.ago
+        FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 100.days.ago, finished_at: 51.days.ago
+        FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 2.years.ago, finished_at: 50.days.ago
+        FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: planting.crop, planted_at: 150.days.ago, finished_at: 100.days.ago
         planting.crop.update_medians
       end
 
       it { expect(planting.crop.median_lifespan).to eq 50 }
 
       describe 'planting 30 days ago, not finished' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: 30.days.ago }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: 30.days.ago }
 
         # 30 / 50
         it { expect(planting.percentage_grown).to eq 60.0 }
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@ describe Planting do
       end
 
       describe 'planting not planted yet' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: nil, finished_at: nil }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: nil, finished_at: nil }
         it { expect(planting.percentage_grown).to eq nil }
       end
 
       describe 'planting finished 10 days, but was never planted' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: nil, finished_at: 10.days.ago }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: nil, finished_at: 10.days.ago }
         it { expect(planting.percentage_grown).to eq nil }
       end
 
       describe 'planted 30 days ago, finished 10 days ago' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: 30.days.ago, finished_at: 10.days.ago }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: 30.days.ago, finished_at: 10.days.ago }
         it { expect(planting.days_since_planted).to eq 30 }
         it { expect(planting.percentage_grown).to eq 100 }
       end
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe Planting do
   end
 
   it "owner isn't necessarily the garden owner" do
-    # a new owner should be created automatically by FactoryGirl
+    # a new owner should be created automatically by FactoryBot
     # note that formerly, the planting belonged to an owner through the garden
     planting.owner.should_not eq garden_owner
   end
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ describe Planting do
   end
 
   it "sorts plantings in descending order of creation" do
-    @planting1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
-    @planting2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
+    @planting1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
+    @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
     Planting.first.should eq @planting2
   end
 
@@ -83,21 +83,21 @@ describe Planting do
   end
 
   it 'should sort in reverse creation order' do
-    @planting2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
+    @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
     Planting.first.should eq @planting2
   end
 
   describe '#planted?' do
     it "should be false for future plantings" do
-      planting = FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: Time.zone.today + 1
+      planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: Time.zone.today + 1
       expect(planting.planted?).to eq(false)
     end
     it "should be false for never planted" do
-      planting = FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: nil
+      planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: nil
       expect(planting.planted?).to eq(false)
     end
     it "should be true for past plantings" do
-      planting = FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: Time.zone.today - 1
+      planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: Time.zone.today - 1
       expect(planting.planted?).to eq(true)
     end
   end
@@ -122,30 +122,30 @@ describe Planting do
 
   context 'quantity' do
     it 'allows integer quantities' do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, quantity: 99)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, quantity: 99)
       @planting.should be_valid
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow decimal quantities" do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, quantity: 99.9)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, quantity: 99.9)
       @planting.should_not be_valid
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow non-numeric quantities" do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, quantity: 'foo')
+      @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, quantity: 'foo')
       @planting.should_not be_valid
     end
 
     it "allows blank quantities" do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, quantity: nil)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, quantity: nil)
       @planting.should be_valid
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, quantity: '')
+      @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, quantity: '')
       @planting.should be_valid
     end
   end
 
   context 'sunniness' do
-    let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting) }
+    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting) }
 
     it 'should have a sunniness value' do
       planting.sunniness.should eq 'sun'
@@ -153,13 +153,13 @@ describe Planting do
 
     it 'all three valid sunniness values should work' do
       ['sun', 'shade', 'semi-shade', nil, ''].each do |s|
-        @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, sunniness: s)
+        @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, sunniness: s)
         @planting.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'should refuse invalid sunniness values' do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, sunniness: 'not valid')
+      @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, sunniness: 'not valid')
       @planting.should_not be_valid
       @planting.errors[:sunniness].should include("not valid is not a valid sunniness value")
     end
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ describe Planting do
 
   context 'planted from' do
     it 'should have a planted_from value' do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting)
       @planting.planted_from.should eq 'seed'
     end
 
@@ -175,13 +175,13 @@ describe Planting do
       ['seed', 'seedling', 'cutting', 'root division',
        'runner', 'bare root plant', 'advanced plant',
        'graft', 'layering', 'bulb', 'root/tuber', nil, ''].each do |p|
-        @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, planted_from: p)
+        @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, planted_from: p)
         @planting.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'should refuse invalid planted_from values' do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, planted_from: 'not valid')
+      @planting = FactoryBot.build(:planting, planted_from: 'not valid')
       @planting.should_not be_valid
       @planting.errors[:planted_from].should include("not valid is not a valid planting method")
     end
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ describe Planting do
   # we decided that all the tests for the planting/photo association would
   # be done on this side, not on the photos side
   context 'photos' do
-    let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create(:planting) }
-    let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create(:photo) }
+    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting) }
+    let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo) }
 
     before do
       planting.photos << photo
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ describe Planting do
     end
 
     it 'chooses the most recent photo' do
-      @photo2 = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+      @photo2 = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
       planting.photos << @photo2
       planting.default_photo.should eq @photo2
     end
@@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ describe Planting do
     it 'picks up interesting plantings' do
       # plantings have members created implicitly for them
       # each member is different, hence these are all interesting
-      @planting1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, created_at: 5.days.ago)
-      @planting2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, created_at: 4.days.ago)
-      @planting3 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, created_at: 3.days.ago)
-      @planting4 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, created_at: 2.days.ago)
+      @planting1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, created_at: 5.days.ago)
+      @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, created_at: 4.days.ago)
+      @planting3 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, created_at: 3.days.ago)
+      @planting4 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, created_at: 2.days.ago)
 
       # plantings need photos to be interesting
-      @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+      @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
       [@planting1, @planting2, @planting3, @planting4].each do |p|
         p.photos << @photo
         p.save
@@ -249,12 +249,12 @@ describe Planting do
     context "default arguments" do
       it 'ignores plantings without photos' do
         # first, an interesting planting
-        @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
-        @planting.photos << FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+        @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
+        @planting.photos << FactoryBot.create(:photo)
         @planting.save
 
         # this one doesn't have a photo
-        @no_photo_planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
+        @no_photo_planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
 
         Planting.interesting.should include @planting
         Planting.interesting.should_not include @no_photo_planting
@@ -262,15 +262,15 @@ describe Planting do
 
       it 'ignores plantings with the same owner' do
         # this planting is older
-        @planting1 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, created_at: 1.day.ago)
-        @planting1.photos << FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+        @planting1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, created_at: 1.day.ago)
+        @planting1.photos << FactoryBot.create(:photo)
         @planting1.save
 
         # this one is newer, and has the same owner, through the garden
-        @planting2 = FactoryGirl.create(:planting,
+        @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting,
           created_at: 1.minute.ago,
           owner_id: @planting1.owner.id)
-        @planting2.photos << FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+        @planting2.photos << FactoryBot.create(:photo)
         @planting2.save
 
         # result: the newer one is interesting, the older one isn't
@@ -281,9 +281,9 @@ describe Planting do
 
     context "with howmany argument" do
       it "only returns the number asked for" do
-        @plantings = FactoryGirl.create_list(:planting, 10)
+        @plantings = FactoryBot.create_list(:planting, 10)
         @plantings.each do |p|
-          p.photos << FactoryGirl.create(:photo, owner: planting.owner)
+          p.photos << FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: planting.owner)
         end
         Planting.interesting.limit(3).count.should eq 3
       end
@@ -292,38 +292,38 @@ describe Planting do
 
   context "finished" do
     it 'has finished fields' do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:finished_planting)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.create(:finished_planting)
       @planting.finished.should be true
       @planting.finished_at.should be_an_instance_of Date
     end
 
     it 'has finished scope' do
-      @p = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
-      @f = FactoryGirl.create(:finished_planting)
+      @p = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
+      @f = FactoryBot.create(:finished_planting)
       Planting.finished.should include @f
       Planting.finished.should_not include @p
     end
 
     it 'has current scope' do
-      @p = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
-      @f = FactoryGirl.create(:finished_planting)
+      @p = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
+      @f = FactoryBot.create(:finished_planting)
       Planting.current.should include @p
       Planting.current.should_not include @f
     end
 
     context "finished date validation" do
       it 'requires finished date after planting date' do
-        @f = FactoryGirl.build(:finished_planting, planted_at: '2014-01-01', finished_at: '2013-01-01')
+        @f = FactoryBot.build(:finished_planting, planted_at: '2014-01-01', finished_at: '2013-01-01')
         @f.should_not be_valid
       end
 
       it 'allows just the planted date' do
-        @f = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, planted_at: '2013-01-01', finished_at: nil)
+        @f = FactoryBot.build(:planting, planted_at: '2013-01-01', finished_at: nil)
         @f.should be_valid
       end
 
       it 'allows just the finished date' do
-        @f = FactoryGirl.build(:planting, finished_at: '2013-01-01', planted_at: nil)
+        @f = FactoryBot.build(:planting, finished_at: '2013-01-01', planted_at: nil)
         @f.should be_valid
       end
     end
@@ -336,12 +336,12 @@ describe Planting do
   end
 
   # it 'predicts harvest times' do
-  #   crop = FactoryGirl.create :crop
+  #   crop = FactoryBot.create :crop
   #   10.times do
-  #     planting = FactoryGirl.create :planting, crop: crop, planted_at: DateTime.new(2013, 1, 1).in_time_zone
-  #     FactoryGirl.create :harvest, crop: crop, planting: planting, harvested_at: DateTime.new(2013, 2, 1).in_time_zone
+  #     planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, planted_at: DateTime.new(2013, 1, 1).in_time_zone
+  #     FactoryBot.create :harvest, crop: crop, planting: planting, harvested_at: DateTime.new(2013, 2, 1).in_time_zone
   #   end
-  #   planting = FactoryGirl.create :planting, planted_at: DateTime.new(2017, 1, 1).in_time_zone, crop: crop
+  #   planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, planted_at: DateTime.new(2017, 1, 1).in_time_zone, crop: crop
   #   expect(planting.harvest_predicted_at).to eq DateTime.new(2017, 2, 1).in_time_zone
   # end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/post_spec.rb b/spec/models/post_spec.rb
index a00449fc0..479a04bff 100644
--- a/spec/models/post_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/post_spec.rb
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Post do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
   it_behaves_like "it is likeable"
 
   it "should be sorted in reverse order" do
-    FactoryGirl.create(:post,
+    FactoryBot.create(:post,
       subject: 'first entry',
       author: member,
       created_at: 2.days.ago)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:post,
+    FactoryBot.create(:post,
       subject: 'second entry',
       author: member,
       created_at: 1.day.ago)
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe Post do
   end
 
   it "should have a slug" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member)
+    post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
     time = post.created_at
     datestr = time.strftime("%Y%m%d")
     # 2 digit day and month, full-length years
@@ -27,23 +27,23 @@ describe Post do
   end
 
   it "has many comments" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post)
+    post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
     post.comments.size.should == 2
   end
 
   it "supports counting comments" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post)
+    post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
     post.comment_count.should == 2
   end
 
   it "destroys comments when deleted" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post)
+    post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
     post.comments.size.should eq(2)
     all = Comment.count
     post.destroy
@@ -51,22 +51,22 @@ describe Post do
   end
 
   it "belongs to a forum" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.create(:forum_post)
+    post = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post)
     post.forum.should be_an_instance_of Forum
   end
 
   it "doesn't allow a nil subject" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.build(:post, subject: nil)
+    post = FactoryBot.build(:post, subject: nil)
     post.should_not be_valid
   end
 
   it "doesn't allow a blank subject" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.build(:post, subject: "")
+    post = FactoryBot.build(:post, subject: "")
     post.should_not be_valid
   end
 
   it "doesn't allow a subject with only spaces" do
-    post = FactoryGirl.build(:post, subject: "    ")
+    post = FactoryBot.build(:post, subject: "    ")
     post.should_not be_valid
   end
 
@@ -75,51 +75,51 @@ describe Post do
       Time.stub(now: Time.now)
     end
 
-    let!(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, created_at: 1.day.ago) }
+    let!(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, created_at: 1.day.ago) }
 
     it "sets recent activity to post time" do
       post.recent_activity.to_i.should eq post.created_at.to_i
     end
 
     it "sets recent activity to comment time" do
-      comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post,
-                                             created_at: 1.hour.ago)
+      comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post,
+                                            created_at: 1.hour.ago)
       post.recent_activity.to_i.should eq comment.created_at.to_i
     end
 
     it "shiny new post is recently active" do
       # create a shiny new post
-      post2 = FactoryGirl.create(:post, created_at: 1.minute.ago)
+      post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, created_at: 1.minute.ago)
       Post.recently_active.first.should eq post2
       Post.recently_active.second.should eq post
     end
 
     it "new comment on old post is recently active" do
       # now comment on an older post
-      post2 = FactoryGirl.create(:post, created_at: 1.minute.ago)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post, created_at: 1.second.ago)
+      post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, created_at: 1.minute.ago)
+      FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, created_at: 1.second.ago)
       Post.recently_active.first.should eq post
       Post.recently_active.second.should eq post2
     end
   end
 
   context "notifications" do
-    let(:member2) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+    let(:member2) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
     it "sends a notification when a member is mentioned using @-syntax" do
       expect {
-        FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey @#{member2}")
+        FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey @#{member2}")
       }.to change(Notification, :count).by(1)
     end
 
     it "sends a notification when a member is mentioned using [](member) syntax" do
       expect {
-        FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey [#{member2}](member)")
+        FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey [#{member2}](member)")
       }.to change(Notification, :count).by(1)
     end
 
     it "sets the notification field" do
-      p = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey @#{member2}")
+      p = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey @#{member2}")
       n = Notification.first
       n.sender.should eq member
       n.recipient.should eq member2
@@ -128,24 +128,24 @@ describe Post do
     end
 
     it "sends notifications to all members mentioned" do
-      member3 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      member3 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       expect {
-        FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey @#{member2} & @#{member3}")
+        FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member, body: "Hey @#{member2} & @#{member3}")
       }.to change(Notification, :count).by(2)
     end
 
     it "doesn't send notifications if you mention yourself" do
       expect {
-        FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: member, body: "@#{member}")
+        FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member, body: "@#{member}")
       }.to change(Notification, :count).by(0)
     end
   end
 
   context "crop-post association" do
-    let!(:tomato) { FactoryGirl.create(:tomato) }
-    let!(:maize) { FactoryGirl.create(:maize) }
-    let!(:chard) { FactoryGirl.create(:chard) }
-    let!(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, body: "[maize](crop)[tomato](crop)[tomato](crop)") }
+    let!(:tomato) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
+    let!(:maize) { FactoryBot.create(:maize) }
+    let!(:chard) { FactoryBot.create(:chard) }
+    let!(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, body: "[maize](crop)[tomato](crop)[tomato](crop)") }
 
     it "should be generated" do
       expect(tomato.posts).to eq [post]
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ describe Post do
   end
 
   it 'excludes deleted members' do
-    post = FactoryGirl.create :post, author: member
+    post = FactoryBot.create :post, author: member
     expect(Post.joins(:author).all).to include(post)
     member.destroy
     expect(Post.joins(:author).all).not_to include(post)
diff --git a/spec/models/product_spec.rb b/spec/models/product_spec.rb
index 6526ecf27..2cc684667 100644
--- a/spec/models/product_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/product_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Product do
   it "stringifies using the name" do
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product)
     @product.to_s.should eq @product.name
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/role_spec.rb b/spec/models/role_spec.rb
index f8393ae84..3016591b7 100644
--- a/spec/models/role_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/role_spec.rb
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Role do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
   subject do
-    role = FactoryGirl.create(:role, name: 'Crop Wrangler')
+    role = FactoryBot.create(:role, name: 'Crop Wrangler')
     role.members << member
     role
   end
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ describe Role do
   end
 
   describe '.crop_wranglers' do
-    let!(:crop_wranglers) { FactoryGirl.create_list(:crop_wrangling_member, 3) }
+    let!(:crop_wranglers) { FactoryBot.create_list(:crop_wrangling_member, 3) }
     it 'return the crop wranglers that are members of that role' do
       expect(Role.crop_wranglers).to match_array(crop_wranglers)
     end
   end
 
   describe '.admins' do
-    let!(:admins) { FactoryGirl.create_list(:admin_member, 3) }
+    let!(:admins) { FactoryBot.create_list(:admin_member, 3) }
     it 'return the members that have the role of admin' do
       expect(Role.admins).to match_array(admins)
     end
diff --git a/spec/models/scientific_name_spec.rb b/spec/models/scientific_name_spec.rb
index f4fa4d22f..872ea6766 100644
--- a/spec/models/scientific_name_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/scientific_name_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe ScientificName do
   context 'all fields present' do
-    let(:sn) { FactoryGirl.create(:zea_mays) }
+    let(:sn) { FactoryBot.create(:zea_mays) }
 
     it 'should save a basic scientific name' do
       sn.save.should be(true)
diff --git a/spec/models/seed_spec.rb b/spec/models/seed_spec.rb
index 5b83d6269..c0dfc1e81 100644
--- a/spec/models/seed_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/seed_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Seed do
-  let(:seed) { FactoryGirl.build(:seed) }
+  let(:seed) { FactoryBot.build(:seed) }
 
   it 'should save a basic seed' do
     seed.save.should be(true)
@@ -14,24 +14,24 @@ describe Seed do
 
   context 'quantity' do
     it 'allows integer quantities' do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, quantity: 99)
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, quantity: 99)
       @seed.should be_valid
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow decimal quantities" do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, quantity: 99.9)
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, quantity: 99.9)
       @seed.should_not be_valid
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow non-numeric quantities" do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, quantity: 'foo')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, quantity: 'foo')
       @seed.should_not be_valid
     end
 
     it "allows blank quantities" do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, quantity: nil)
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, quantity: nil)
       @seed.should be_valid
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, quantity: '')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, quantity: '')
       @seed.should be_valid
     end
   end
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ describe Seed do
   context 'tradable' do
     it 'all valid tradable_to values should work' do
       ['nowhere', 'locally', 'nationally', 'internationally'].each do |t|
-        @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, tradable_to: t)
+        @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, tradable_to: t)
         @seed.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'should refuse invalid tradable_to values' do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, tradable_to: 'not valid')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, tradable_to: 'not valid')
       @seed.should_not be_valid
       @seed.errors[:tradable_to].should include(
         "You may only trade seed nowhere, locally, "\
@@ -54,34 +54,34 @@ describe Seed do
     end
 
     it 'should not allow nil or blank values' do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, tradable_to: nil)
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, tradable_to: nil)
       @seed.should_not be_valid
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, tradable_to: '')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, tradable_to: '')
       @seed.should_not be_valid
     end
 
     it 'tradable? gives the right answers' do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'nowhere')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'nowhere')
       @seed.tradable?.should eq false
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'locally')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'locally')
       @seed.tradable?.should eq true
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'nationally')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'nationally')
       @seed.tradable?.should eq true
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'internationally')
+      @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed, tradable_to: 'internationally')
       @seed.tradable?.should eq true
     end
 
     it 'recognises a tradable seed' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed).tradable?.should == true
+      FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed).tradable?.should == true
     end
 
     it 'recognises an untradable seed' do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:untradable_seed).tradable?.should == false
+      FactoryBot.create(:untradable_seed).tradable?.should == false
     end
 
     it 'scopes correctly' do
-      @tradable = FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed)
-      @untradable = FactoryGirl.create(:untradable_seed)
+      @tradable = FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed)
+      @untradable = FactoryBot.create(:untradable_seed)
       Seed.tradable.should include @tradable
       Seed.tradable.should_not include @untradable
     end
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ describe Seed do
     it 'all valid organic values should work' do
       ['certified organic', 'non-certified organic',
        'conventional/non-organic', 'unknown'].each do |t|
-        @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, organic: t)
+        @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, organic: t)
         @seed.should be_valid
       end
     end
@@ -99,21 +99,21 @@ describe Seed do
     it 'all valid GMO values should work' do
       ['certified GMO-free', 'non-certified GMO-free',
        'GMO', 'unknown'].each do |t|
-        @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, gmo: t)
+        @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, gmo: t)
         @seed.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'all valid heirloom values should work' do
       %w(heirloom hybrid unknown).each do |t|
-        @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, heirloom: t)
+        @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, heirloom: t)
         @seed.should be_valid
       end
     end
 
     it 'should refuse invalid organic/GMO/heirloom values' do
       [:organic, :gmo, :heirloom].each do |field|
-        @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, field => 'not valid')
+        @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, field => 'not valid')
         @seed.should_not be_valid
         @seed.errors[field].should_not be_empty
       end
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ describe Seed do
 
     it 'should not allow nil or blank values' do
       [:organic, :gmo, :heirloom].each do |field|
-        @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, field => nil)
+        @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, field => nil)
         @seed.should_not be_valid
-        @seed = FactoryGirl.build(:seed, field => '')
+        @seed = FactoryBot.build(:seed, field => '')
         @seed.should_not be_valid
       end
     end
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ describe Seed do
       # 1) be tradable
       # 2) the owner must have a location set
 
-      @located_member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
-      @seed1 = FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @located_member)
-      @seed2 = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, owner: @located_member)
-      @seed3 = FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed)
-      @seed4 = FactoryGirl.create(:seed)
+      @located_member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
+      @seed1 = FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @located_member)
+      @seed2 = FactoryBot.create(:seed, owner: @located_member)
+      @seed3 = FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed)
+      @seed4 = FactoryBot.create(:seed)
 
       Seed.interesting.should include @seed1
       Seed.interesting.should_not include @seed2
@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ describe Seed do
   end
 
   context 'photos' do
-    let(:seed) { FactoryGirl.create :seed }
-    before { seed.photos << FactoryGirl.create(:photo) }
+    let(:seed) { FactoryBot.create :seed }
+    before { seed.photos << FactoryBot.create(:photo) }
     it 'is found in has_photos scope' do
       Seed.has_photos.should include(seed)
     end
diff --git a/spec/rails_helper.rb b/spec/rails_helper.rb
index ecf639985..800df0ebb 100644
--- a/spec/rails_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/rails_helper.rb
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ RSpec.configure do |config|
   config.include Devise::Test::ControllerHelpers, type: :controller
   config.extend ControllerMacros, type: :controller
 
-  # Allow just create(:factory) instead of needing to specify FactoryGirl.create(:factory)
-  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
+  # Allow just create(:factory) instead of needing to specify FactoryBot.create(:factory)
+  config.include FactoryBot::Syntax::Methods
 
   # Prevent Poltergeist from fetching external URLs during feature tests
   config.before(:each, js: true) do
diff --git a/spec/support/controller_macros.rb b/spec/support/controller_macros.rb
index 1bf679afb..354c64069 100644
--- a/spec/support/controller_macros.rb
+++ b/spec/support/controller_macros.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Taken unashamedly from https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/wiki/How-To%3a-Controllers-and-Views-tests-with-Rails-3-%28and-rspec%29
 module ControllerMacros
   def login_member(member_factory = :member)
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(member_factory || :member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(member_factory || :member) }
     before(:each) do
       @request.env["devise.mapping"] = Devise.mappings[:member]
       sign_in member
diff --git a/spec/support/is_likeable.rb b/spec/support/is_likeable.rb
index 36dcc6455..e1a590b30 100644
--- a/spec/support/is_likeable.rb
+++ b/spec/support/is_likeable.rb
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ shared_examples "it is likeable" do
   before(:each) do
     # Possibly a horrible hack.
     # Will fail if factory name does not match the model name..
-    @likeable = FactoryGirl.create(described_class.to_s.underscore.to_sym)
-    @member1 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @member2 = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @like1 = FactoryGirl.create(:like, member: @member1, likeable: @likeable)
-    @like2 = FactoryGirl.create(:like, member: @member2, likeable: @likeable)
+    @likeable = FactoryBot.create(described_class.to_s.underscore.to_sym)
+    @member1 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @member2 = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @like1 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member: @member1, likeable: @likeable)
+    @like2 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member: @member2, likeable: @likeable)
   end
 
   it "has many likes" do
diff --git a/spec/views/account_types/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/account_types/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index ca86626f3..b5aa55b17 100644
--- a/spec/views/account_types/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/account_types/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "account_types/index" do
   before(:each) do
-    @type = FactoryGirl.create(:account_type)
+    @type = FactoryBot.create(:account_type)
     assign(:account_types, [@type, @type])
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/accounts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/accounts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index 4b278acc2..96b29ef75 100644
--- a/spec/views/accounts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/accounts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "accounts/edit" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     @account = assign(:account, @member.account)
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/accounts/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/accounts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 192c86dab..5d23d9d76 100644
--- a/spec/views/accounts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/accounts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "accounts/index" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     @account = @member.account
     assign(:accounts, [@account, @account])
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/accounts/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/accounts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index bc2b711fa..6ba4da067 100644
--- a/spec/views/accounts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/accounts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "accounts/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     assign(:account, @member.account)
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/accounts/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/accounts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 351a8fb24..71be40505 100644
--- a/spec/views/accounts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/accounts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "accounts/show" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     @account = assign(:account, @member.account)
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/admin/index_spec.rb b/spec/views/admin/index_spec.rb
index 32e77b9ee..1c5f9bd20 100644
--- a/spec/views/admin/index_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/admin/index_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'admin/index.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:admin_member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:admin_member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     render
diff --git a/spec/views/admin/newsletter_spec.rb b/spec/views/admin/newsletter_spec.rb
index fb49b2e61..901e3a12a 100644
--- a/spec/views/admin/newsletter_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/admin/newsletter_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'admin/newsletter.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:admin_member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:admin_member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-    @subscriber = FactoryGirl.create(:newsletter_recipient_member)
+    @subscriber = FactoryBot.create(:newsletter_recipient_member)
     assign(:members, [@subscriber])
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/admin/orders/index_spec.rb b/spec/views/admin/orders/index_spec.rb
index ea1331c94..c819f0268 100644
--- a/spec/views/admin/orders/index_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/admin/orders/index_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'admin/orders/index.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:admin_member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:admin_member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     render
diff --git a/spec/views/comments/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/comments/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index 5446d2877..e562ca027 100644
--- a/spec/views/comments/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/comments/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "comments/edit" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    assign(:comment, FactoryGirl.create(:comment))
+    assign(:comment, FactoryBot.create(:comment))
   end
 
   it "renders the edit comment form" do
diff --git a/spec/views/comments/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/comments/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 86c30c508..1bf0e734f 100644
--- a/spec/views/comments/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/comments/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ describe "comments/index" do
     total_entries = 2
     comments = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:comment),
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:comment, body: 'ROFL')
+                      FactoryBot.create(:comment),
+                      FactoryBot.create(:comment, body: 'ROFL')
                     ])
     end
     assign(:comments, comments)
diff --git a/spec/views/comments/index.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/comments/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
index 68888611e..c3b6fdd32 100644
--- a/spec/views/comments/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/comments/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe 'comments/index.rss.haml' do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @author = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post)
+    @author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @post = FactoryBot.create(:post)
     assign(:comments, [
-             FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post),
-             FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post)
+             FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post),
+             FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post)
            ])
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/comments/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/comments/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 2e55c843d..074b5bfe5 100644
--- a/spec/views/comments/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/comments/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "comments/new" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post)
-    @comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
+    @post = FactoryBot.create(:post)
+    @comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
     assign(:comment, @comment)
     assign(:comments, [@comment])
     render
diff --git a/spec/views/comments/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/comments/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 4cc8a8a71..baf02cbbb 100644
--- a/spec/views/comments/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/comments/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "comments/show" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @comment = assign(:comment, FactoryGirl.create(:comment))
+    @comment = assign(:comment, FactoryBot.create(:comment))
     render
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb
index 59b2d97af..290d5d8c6 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "crops/_grown_for" do
   before(:each) do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-    @pp = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-    @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+    @pp = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+    @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
       crop: @crop,
       plant_part: @pp)
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/_planting_advice.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/_planting_advice.html.haml_spec.rb
index d87b935d5..58df0584d 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/_planting_advice.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/_planting_advice.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "crops/_planting_advice" do
   before(:each) do
-    @owner = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
-    @garden   = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @owner)
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting,
+    @owner = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
+    @garden   = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @owner)
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting,
       garden: @garden,
       crop: @crop)
   end
@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ describe "crops/_planting_advice" do
     end
 
     it "shows sunniness frequencies" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: @crop)
       render partial: 'crops/planting_advice', locals: { crop: @crop }
       rendered.should have_content "Plant in:"
       rendered.should have_content "sun (1)"
     end
 
     it "shows multiple sunniness frequencies" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: @crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting, crop: @crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:shady_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:shady_planting, crop: @crop)
       render partial: 'crops/planting_advice', locals: { crop: @crop }
       rendered.should have_content "Plant in:"
       rendered.should have_content "sun (2), shade (1)"
@@ -52,16 +52,16 @@ describe "crops/_planting_advice" do
     end
 
     it "shows planted_from frequencies" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: @crop)
       render partial: 'crops/planting_advice', locals: { crop: @crop }
       rendered.should have_content "Plant from:"
       rendered.should have_content "seed (1)"
     end
 
     it "shows multiple planted_from frequencies" do
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: @crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:seed_planting, crop: @crop)
-      FactoryGirl.create(:cutting_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: @crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting, crop: @crop)
       render partial: 'crops/planting_advice', locals: { crop: @crop }
       rendered.should have_content "Plant from:"
       rendered.should have_content "seed (2), cutting (1)"
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/_popover.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/_popover.html.haml_spec.rb
index af97d7645..35d508fd8 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/_popover.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/_popover.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "crops/_popover" do
   before(:each) do
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @sn = FactoryGirl.create(:solanum_lycopersicum, crop: @tomato)
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @tomato)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @sn = FactoryBot.create(:solanum_lycopersicum, crop: @tomato)
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @tomato)
     @tomato.reload # to pick up latest plantings_count
     render partial: 'crops/popover', locals: { crop: @tomato }
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index 436114f78..03f333bf2 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "crops/edit" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) {
-      FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
+      FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
     }
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
     3.times do
       @crop.scientific_names.build
     end
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/hierarchy.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/hierarchy.html.haml_spec.rb
index 077add247..c711b2174 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/hierarchy.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/hierarchy.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "crops/hierarchy" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @roma = FactoryGirl.create(:crop, name: 'Roma tomato', parent: @tomato)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @roma = FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'Roma tomato', parent: @tomato)
     assign(:crops, [@tomato, @roma])
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index f8a33c738..421e33e00 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ describe "crops/index" do
     page = 1
     per_page = 2
     total_entries = 2
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @maize  = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @maize  = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
     assign(:crops, [@tomato, @maize])
     crops = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([@tomato, @maize])
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ describe "crops/index" do
   end
 
   it "shows photos where available" do
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @tomato)
-    @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @tomato)
+    @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
     @planting.photos << @photo
     render
     assert_select "img", src: @photo.thumbnail_url
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ describe "crops/index" do
 
   context "logged in and crop wrangler" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
       render
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/index.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
index 5726c162c..623fb296e 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe 'crops/index.rss.haml' do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @author = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
     assign(:crops, [@tomato, @maize])
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 406b5e5c2..a1208352a 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "crops/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
     3.times do
       @crop.scientific_names.build
     end
     assign(:crop, @crop)
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     render
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/wrangle.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/wrangle.html.haml_spec.rb
index b0ff06281..6550026f6 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/wrangle.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/wrangle.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "crops/wrangle" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     page = 1
     per_page = 2
     total_entries = 2
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @maize  = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @maize  = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
     crops = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([@tomato, @maize])
     end
diff --git a/spec/views/devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions_spec.rb b/spec/views/devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions_spec.rb
index f10eb6176..01e0d7230 100644
--- a/spec/views/devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe 'devise/mailer/confirmation_instructions.html.haml', type: "view" do
   context "logged in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @resource = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @resource = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/devise/mailer/unlock_instructions_spec.rb b/spec/views/devise/mailer/unlock_instructions_spec.rb
index e0fb50e50..693fe97b0 100644
--- a/spec/views/devise/mailer/unlock_instructions_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/devise/mailer/unlock_instructions_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe 'devise/mailer/unlock_instructions.html.haml', type: "view" do
   context "logged in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @resource = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @resource = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/devise/registrations/edit_spec.rb b/spec/views/devise/registrations/edit_spec.rb
index 2aef2fa70..7c69a8d3e 100644
--- a/spec/views/devise/registrations/edit_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/devise/registrations/edit_spec.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe 'devise/registrations/edit.html.haml', type: "view" do
   context "logged in" do
     before(:each) do
       controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       controller.stub(:current_member) { @member }
       @view.stub(:resource).and_return(@member)
       @view.stub(:resource_name).and_return("member")
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ describe 'devise/registrations/edit.html.haml', type: "view" do
       end
       context 'connected to twitter' do
         before(:each) do
-          @twitter_auth = FactoryGirl.create(:authentication, member: @member)
+          @twitter_auth = FactoryBot.create(:authentication, member: @member)
           render
         end
         it 'has a link to twitter profile' do
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe 'devise/registrations/edit.html.haml', type: "view" do
       end
       context 'connected to flickr' do
         before(:each) do
-          @flickr_auth = FactoryGirl.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
+          @flickr_auth = FactoryBot.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member)
           render
         end
         it 'has a link to flickr photostream' do
diff --git a/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 701504d7f..cf8377858 100644
--- a/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "forums/index" do
   before(:each) do
-    @admin = FactoryGirl.create(:admin_member)
+    @admin = FactoryBot.create(:admin_member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @admin }
-    @forum1 = FactoryGirl.create(:forum)
-    @forum2 = FactoryGirl.create(:forum)
+    @forum1 = FactoryBot.create(:forum)
+    @forum2 = FactoryBot.create(:forum)
     assign(:forums, [@forum1, @forum2])
   end
 
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ describe "forums/index" do
 
   context "posts" do
     before(:each) do
-      @post = FactoryGirl.create(:forum_post, forum: @forum1)
-      @comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
+      @post = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: @forum1)
+      @comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/forums/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/forums/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index de0be5b3c..8c95c7c1f 100644
--- a/spec/views/forums/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/forums/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "forums/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryGirl.create(:forum))
+    @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryBot.create(:forum))
     render
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/forums/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/forums/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index f2fa920a6..5b6bae8fa 100644
--- a/spec/views/forums/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/forums/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "forums/show" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryGirl.create(:forum))
+    @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryBot.create(:forum))
   end
 
   it "renders attributes" do
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ describe "forums/show" do
   end
 
   it 'shows posts' do
-    @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, forum: @forum)
+    @post = FactoryBot.create(:post, forum: @forum)
     render
     assert_select "table"
     rendered.should have_content @post.subject
diff --git a/spec/views/gardens/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/gardens/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index f8b4b5e03..1928f6d8b 100644
--- a/spec/views/gardens/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/gardens/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "gardens/edit" do
   context "logged in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @owner = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @owner = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @owner
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @owner }
-      @garden = assign(:garden, FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @owner))
+      @garden = assign(:garden, FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @owner))
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/gardens/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/gardens/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 337b9066c..97eab872e 100644
--- a/spec/views/gardens/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/gardens/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "gardens/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-    @garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @member)
+    @garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @member)
     assign(:garden, @garden)
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/gardens/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/gardens/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 589d59e14..83f993a16 100644
--- a/spec/views/gardens/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/gardens/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "gardens/show" do
   before(:each) do
-    @owner = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @owner = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @owner }
-    @garden   = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @owner)
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: @garden)
+    @garden   = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @owner)
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: @garden)
     assign(:garden, @garden)
     assign(:current_plantings, [@planting])
     assign(:finished_plantings, [])
diff --git a/spec/views/harvests/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/harvests/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index e0959b451..a475a6300 100644
--- a/spec/views/harvests/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/harvests/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "harvests/edit" do
   before(:each) do
-    assign(:harvest, FactoryGirl.create(:harvest))
+    assign(:harvest, FactoryBot.create(:harvest))
     render
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/harvests/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/harvests/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 0b08da8be..db9ce915f 100644
--- a/spec/views/harvests/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/harvests/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,19 +15,19 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "harvests/index" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @maize  = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
-    @pp = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @maize  = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
+    @pp = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
     page = 1
     per_page = 2
     total_entries = 2
     harvests = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+                      FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
                         crop: @tomato,
                         owner: @member),
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:harvest,
+                      FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
                         crop: @maize,
                         plant_part: @pp,
                         owner: @member)
diff --git a/spec/views/harvests/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/harvests/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 1b300f1e3..4b792a4c6 100644
--- a/spec/views/harvests/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/harvests/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "harvests/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    assign(:harvest, FactoryGirl.create(:harvest))
+    assign(:harvest, FactoryBot.create(:harvest))
     render
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/harvests/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/harvests/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index b6a1ec7a0..129648c71 100644
--- a/spec/views/harvests/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/harvests/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "harvests/show" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @harvest = assign(:harvest, FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, crop: @crop))
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @harvest = assign(:harvest, FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: @crop))
     render
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/home/_crops.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/home/_crops.html.haml_spec.rb
index 8f375f3e1..ecbb74227 100644
--- a/spec/views/home/_crops.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/home/_crops.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe 'home/_crops.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
     # we need to set up an "interesting" crop
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
     (1..3).each do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: @crop)
     end
-    @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+    @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo)
     (1..3).each do
       @crop.plantings.first.photos << @photo
     end
diff --git a/spec/views/home/_members.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/home/_members.html.haml_spec.rb
index a4391da51..f131d5b67 100644
--- a/spec/views/home/_members.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/home/_members.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'home/_members.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
     @member.updated_at = 2.days.ago
     assign(:members, [@member])
 
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, owner: @member)
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, owner: @member)
     render
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb
index 3723bf91a..4a128f1f6 100644
--- a/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'home/_seeds.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @owner = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
-    @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @owner)
+    @owner = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
+    @seed = FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @owner)
     render
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/home/index_spec.rb b/spec/views/home/index_spec.rb
index b5a726e23..190ee7b9f 100644
--- a/spec/views/home/index_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/home/index_spec.rb
@@ -14,20 +14,20 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'home/index.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
     @member.updated_at = 2.days.ago
     assign(:interesting_members, [@member])
 
-    @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @member)
+    @post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @member)
     assign(:posts, [@post])
 
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting, owner: @member)
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting, owner: @member)
     assign(:plantings, [@planting])
 
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:crop)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
     assign(:crops, [@crop])
     assign(:recent_crops, [@crop])
-    assign(:seeds, [FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed)])
+    assign(:seeds, [FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed)])
   end
 
   context 'logged out' do
diff --git a/spec/views/layouts/_header_spec.rb b/spec/views/layouts/_header_spec.rb
index c62b53552..badecf8f7 100644
--- a/spec/views/layouts/_header_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/layouts/_header_spec.rb
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ describe 'layouts/_header.html.haml', type: "view" do
 
   context "logged in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
       render
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ describe 'layouts/_header.html.haml', type: "view" do
 
     context 'has notifications' do
       it 'should show inbox count' do
-        FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient: @member)
+        FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient: @member)
         render
         rendered.should have_content 'Inbox (1)'
       end
diff --git a/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb
index d0d6b6593..50d7b675f 100644
--- a/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "members/_location" do
   context "member with location" do
-    let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:london_member) }
+    let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:london_member) }
 
     before(:each) { render partial: 'members/location', locals: { member: member } }
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ describe "members/_location" do
 
   context "member with no location" do
     before(:each) do
-      member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       render partial: 'members/location', locals: { member: member }
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/members/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/members/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index de0208b25..81e8a6670 100644
--- a/spec/views/members/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/members/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "members/index" do
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create(:london_member) }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:london_member) }
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
     page = 1
diff --git a/spec/views/members/show.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/members/show.rss.haml_spec.rb
index c61018253..23366a9a8 100644
--- a/spec/views/members/show.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/members/show.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'members/show.rss.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = assign(:member, FactoryGirl.create(:member))
-    @post1 = FactoryGirl.create(:post, id: 1, author: @member)
-    @post2 = FactoryGirl.create(:markdown_post, id: 2, author: @member)
+    @member = assign(:member, FactoryBot.create(:member))
+    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:post, id: 1, author: @member)
+    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:markdown_post, id: 2, author: @member)
     assign(:posts, [@post1, @post2])
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 5e0f95beb..ee52b7319 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifications/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "notifications/index" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
   end
 
   context "ordinary notifications" do
     before(:each) do
-      @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, sender: @member,
-                                                        recipient: @member)
+      @notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, sender: @member,
+                                                       recipient: @member)
       assign(:notifications, Kaminari.paginate_array([@notification, @notification]).page(1))
       render
     end
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ describe "notifications/index" do
 
   context "no subject" do
     it "shows (no subject)" do
-      @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification,
+      @notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification,
         sender: @member, recipient: @member, subject: nil)
       assign(:notifications, Kaminari.paginate_array([@notification]).page(1))
       render
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe "notifications/index" do
 
   context "whitespace-only subject" do
     it "shows (no subject)" do
-      @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification,
+      @notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification,
         sender: @member, recipient: @member, subject: "   ")
       assign(:notifications, Kaminari.paginate_array([@notification]).page(1))
       render
diff --git a/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index a5daa64f5..2830966e1 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifications/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "notifications/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @recipient = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @sender = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    assign(:notification, FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient_id: @recipient.id, sender_id: @sender.id))
+    @recipient = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @sender = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    assign(:notification, FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient_id: @recipient.id, sender_id: @sender.id))
     sign_in @sender
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @sender }
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 4d5a71dfc..7cf7838c9 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifications/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "notifications/show" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification, recipient: @member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification, recipient: @member)
     assign(:notification, @notification)
     @reply_link = assign(:reply_link, new_notification_path)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
diff --git a/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb
index 55d508b25..66e81b158 100644
--- a/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/notifier/notify.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'notifier/notify.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @notification = FactoryGirl.create(:notification)
+    @notification = FactoryBot.create(:notification)
     @reply_link = "http://example.com"
     @signed_message = "EncryptedMessage"
     assign(:reply_link, @reply_link)
diff --git a/spec/views/orders/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/orders/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 38ab39362..6053de32f 100644
--- a/spec/views/orders/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/orders/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "orders/index" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
-    @order1 = FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member)
-    @order2 = FactoryGirl.create(:completed_order, member: @member)
+    @order1 = FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member)
+    @order2 = FactoryBot.create(:completed_order, member: @member)
     assign(:orders, [@order1, @order2])
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/orders/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/orders/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 80624b180..32289bfc9 100644
--- a/spec/views/orders/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/orders/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "orders/show" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
   end
 
   context "current order" do
     before(:each) do
-      @order = assign(:order, FactoryGirl.create(:order, member: @member))
-      @order_item = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+      @order = assign(:order, FactoryBot.create(:order, member: @member))
+      @order_item = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
         order: @order,
         quantity: 2,
         price: 9900)
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ describe "orders/show" do
 
   context "completed order" do
     before(:each) do
-      @order = assign(:order, FactoryGirl.create(:completed_order, member: @member))
-      @order_item = FactoryGirl.create(:order_item,
+      @order = assign(:order, FactoryBot.create(:completed_order, member: @member))
+      @order_item = FactoryBot.create(:order_item,
         order: @order,
         quantity: 2,
         price: 9900)
diff --git a/spec/views/photos/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/photos/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index a59e4eb2c..4e1674765 100644
--- a/spec/views/photos/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/photos/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ describe "photos/index" do
     total_entries = 2
     photos = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:photo),
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:photo)
+                      FactoryBot.create(:photo),
+                      FactoryBot.create(:photo)
                     ])
     end
     assign(:photos, photos)
diff --git a/spec/views/photos/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/photos/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 8075d0154..2dcb51bfc 100644
--- a/spec/views/photos/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/photos/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "photos/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     page = 1
     per_page = 2
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe "photos/new" do
       pager.replace([])
     end
     assign(:photos, photos)
-    assign(:flickr_auth, FactoryGirl.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member))
+    assign(:flickr_auth, FactoryBot.create(:flickr_authentication, member: @member))
   end
 
   context "user has no photosets" do
diff --git a/spec/views/photos/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/photos/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 3e1e4936a..5ca8c31e1 100644
--- a/spec/views/photos/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/photos/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "photos/show" do
-  let(:photo) { FactoryGirl.create :photo, owner: member }
+  let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create :photo, owner: member }
   before { @photo = photo }
 
-  let(:member) { FactoryGirl.create :member }
+  let(:member) { FactoryBot.create :member }
 
-  let(:harvest) { FactoryGirl.create :harvest, owner: member }
-  let(:planting) { FactoryGirl.create :planting, owner: member }
-  let(:seed) { FactoryGirl.create :seed, owner: member }
-  let(:garden) { FactoryGirl.create :garden, owner: member }
+  let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create :harvest, owner: member }
+  let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, owner: member }
+  let(:seed) { FactoryBot.create :seed, owner: member }
+  let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create :garden, owner: member }
 
   shared_examples "photo data renders" do
     it "shows the image" do
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ describe "photos/show" do
 
   context "signed in as another member" do
     before(:each) do
-      controller.stub(:current_user) { FactoryGirl.create :member }
+      controller.stub(:current_user) { FactoryBot.create :member }
       render
     end
     include_examples "photo data renders"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ describe "photos/show" do
   context "CC-licensed photo" do
     before(:each) do
       controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-      # @photo = assign(:photo, FactoryGirl.create(:photo, owner: @member))
+      # @photo = assign(:photo, FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: @member))
       @photo.harvests << harvest
       @photo.plantings << planting
       @photo.seeds << seed
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ describe "photos/show" do
   context "unlicensed photo" do
     before(:each) do
       controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-      @photo = assign(:photo, FactoryGirl.create(:unlicensed_photo))
+      @photo = assign(:photo, FactoryBot.create(:unlicensed_photo))
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/places/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/places/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 57f7e9742..c5e4cca10 100644
--- a/spec/views/places/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/places/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "places/show" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
-    @nearby_members = [FactoryGirl.create(:member)]
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
+    @nearby_members = [FactoryBot.create(:member)]
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     controller.stub(:current_member) { @member }
     @place = @member.location
diff --git a/spec/views/plant_parts/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plant_parts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index adb0f9a46..73dec883e 100644
--- a/spec/views/plant_parts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plant_parts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "plant_parts/index" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @pp = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
+    @pp = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
     assign(:plant_parts, [@pp])
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/plant_parts/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plant_parts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 8b267c449..bffd0f394 100644
--- a/spec/views/plant_parts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plant_parts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "plant_parts/show" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @pp = FactoryGirl.create(:plant_part)
-    @harvest = FactoryGirl.create(:harvest, plant_part: @pp)
+    @pp = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part)
+    @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, plant_part: @pp)
     assign(:plant_part, @pp)
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/_form.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/_form.html.haml_spec.rb
index a9491231c..59d4d832b 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/_form.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/_form.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "plantings/_form" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @member)
-    @uppercase = FactoryGirl.create(:uppercasecrop)
-    @lowercase = FactoryGirl.create(:lowercasecrop)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @member)
+    @uppercase = FactoryBot.create(:uppercasecrop)
+    @lowercase = FactoryBot.create(:lowercasecrop)
     @crop = @lowercase # needed to render the form
 
-    @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting,
+    @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting,
       garden: @garden,
       crop: @crop,
       planted_at: Date.new(2013, 3, 1))
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index eb544ec36..c37f9947a 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,21 +14,21 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "plantings/edit" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member,
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member,
       login_name: 'right',
       email: 'right@example.com')
 
     # creating two crops to make sure that the correct one is selected
     # in the form.
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @maize = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @maize = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
 
     # and likewise for gardens
-    @garden =  FactoryGirl.create(:garden_z, owner: @member)
-    @garden2 = FactoryGirl.create(:garden_a, owner: @member)
+    @garden =  FactoryBot.create(:garden_z, owner: @member)
+    @garden2 = FactoryBot.create(:garden_a, owner: @member)
 
     @planting = assign(:planting,
-      FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: @garden, crop: @tomato))
+      FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: @garden, crop: @tomato))
   end
 
   context "logged in" do
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 5b0b38000..10769548e 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,25 +15,25 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "plantings/index" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @member)
-    @tomato = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @maize  = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @member)
+    @tomato = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @maize  = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
     page = 1
     per_page = 3
     total_entries = 3
     plantings = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:planting,
+                      FactoryBot.create(:planting,
                         garden: @garden,
                         crop: @tomato,
                         owner: @member),
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:planting,
+                      FactoryBot.create(:planting,
                         garden: @garden,
                         crop: @maize,
                         description: '',
                         planted_at: Time.local(2013, 1, 13)),
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:planting,
+                      FactoryBot.create(:planting,
                         garden: @garden,
                         crop: @tomato,
                         planted_at: Time.local(2013, 1, 13),
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/index.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
index 58a4a2996..1d15ad5cc 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ describe 'plantings/index.rss.haml' do
 
   context 'all plantings' do
     before :each do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
-      @sunny = FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting)
-      @seedling = FactoryGirl.create(:seedling_planting)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
+      @sunny = FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting)
+      @seedling = FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting)
       assign(:plantings, [@planting, @sunny, @seedling])
       render
     end
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe 'plantings/index.rss.haml' do
 
   context "one person's plantings" do
     before :each do
-      @planting = FactoryGirl.create(:planting)
+      @planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting)
       assign(:plantings, [@planting])
       assign(:owner, @planting.owner)
       render
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 57cb605d6..9eb941d1d 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "plantings/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
 
     # create gardens and crops to populate dropdowns
-    @garden_a = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @member)
-    @garden_z = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @member)
-    @crop1 = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
-    @crop2 = FactoryGirl.create(:maize)
+    @garden_a = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @member)
+    @garden_z = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @member)
+    @crop1 = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
+    @crop2 = FactoryBot.create(:maize)
 
-    assign(:planting, FactoryGirl.create(:planting,
+    assign(:planting, FactoryBot.create(:planting,
       garden: @garden_a,
       crop: @crop2))
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index f14003320..f948ca394 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "plantings/show" do
   def create_planting_for(member)
-    @garden = FactoryGirl.create(:garden, owner: @member)
-    @crop = FactoryGirl.create(:tomato)
+    @garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: @member)
+    @crop = FactoryBot.create(:tomato)
     @planting = assign(:planting,
-      FactoryGirl.create(:planting, garden: @garden, crop: @crop,
-                                    planted_from: 'cutting'))
+      FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: @garden, crop: @crop,
+                                   planted_from: 'cutting'))
   end
 
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     @p = create_planting_for(@member)
   end
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ describe "plantings/show" do
   context 'sunniness' do
     before(:each) do
       @p = assign(:planting,
-        FactoryGirl.create(:sunny_planting))
+        FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting))
     end
 
     it "shows the sunniness" do
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ describe "plantings/show" do
 
   context 'planted from' do
     before(:each) do
-      @p = assign(:planting, FactoryGirl.create(:cutting_planting))
+      @p = assign(:planting, FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting))
     end
 
     it "shows planted_from" do
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ describe "plantings/show" do
   end
 
   it "shows photos" do
-    @photo = FactoryGirl.create(:photo, owner: @member)
+    @photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: @member)
     @p.photos << @photo
     render
     assert_select "img[src='#{@photo.thumbnail_url}']"
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/_single.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/_single.html.haml_spec.rb
index b23d61af0..833970b29 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/_single.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/_single.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
   end
 
   before(:each) do
-    @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post)
+    @post = FactoryBot.create(:post)
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
   end
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when logged in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
       render_post
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when logged in as post author" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-      @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @member)
+      @post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @member)
       render_post
     end
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when there is 1 comment" do
     before(:each) do
-      @comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
+      @comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
       render_post
     end
 
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when there are 2 comments" do
     before(:each) do
-      @comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
-      @comment2 = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
+      @comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
+      @comment2 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
       render_post
     end
 
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when comments should be hidden" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-      @comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
+      @comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
       render partial: "single", locals: {
         post: @post, hide_comments: true
       }
@@ -126,10 +126,10 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when post has been edited" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-      @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @member)
+      @post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @member)
       @post.update(body: "I am updated")
       render_post
     end
@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when comment has been edited" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-      @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @member)
-      @comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
+      @post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @member)
+      @comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
       @comment.update(body: "I've been updated")
       render partial: "comments/single", locals: { comment: @comment }
     end
@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when post has not been edited" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-      @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @member)
+      @post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @member)
       @post.update(updated_at: @post.created_at)
       render_post
     end
@@ -180,11 +180,11 @@ describe "posts/_single" do
 
   context "when comment has not been edited" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-      @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @member)
-      @comment = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: @post)
+      @post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @member)
+      @comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: @post)
       @comment.update(updated_at: @comment.created_at)
       render partial: "comments/single", locals: { comment: @comment }
     end
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index 490cb6f83..8bee4298b 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "posts/edit" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @author = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @post = assign(:post, FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @author))
+    @author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @post = assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @author))
   end
 
   context "logged in" do
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ describe "posts/edit" do
 
     context "forum specified" do
       before(:each) do
-        @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryGirl.create(:forum))
-        assign(:post, FactoryGirl.create(:post,
+        @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryBot.create(:forum))
+        assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post,
           forum: @forum,
           author: @author))
         render
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 731be8ea8..17aab3d47 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "posts/index" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @author = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     page = 1
     per_page = 2
     total_entries = 2
     posts = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @author),
-                      FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @author)
+                      FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @author),
+                      FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @author)
                     ])
     end
     assign(:posts, posts)
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
index a5ee08423..a47b80b48 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe 'posts/index.rss.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    author = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @post1 = FactoryGirl.create(:post, id: 1, author: author)
-    @post2 = FactoryGirl.create(:post, id: 2, author: author)
+    author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:post, id: 1, author: author)
+    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, id: 2, author: author)
     assign(:posts, [@post1, @post2])
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 53c01fa35..0c788716e 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "posts/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @author = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    assign(:post, FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: @author))
+    @author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post, author: @author))
     # assign(:forum, Forum.new)
     sign_in @author
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @author }
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ describe "posts/new" do
 
   context "forum specified" do
     before(:each) do
-      @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryGirl.create(:forum))
-      assign(:post, FactoryGirl.create(:post, forum: @forum))
+      @forum = assign(:forum, FactoryBot.create(:forum))
+      assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post, forum: @forum))
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 03082ff27..169e90da0 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "posts/show" do
-  let(:author) { FactoryGirl.create(:member) }
+  let(:author) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ describe "posts/show" do
   describe 'render post' do
     before { render }
     describe "basic post" do
-      let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: author) }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author) }
 
       # show the name of the member who posted the post
       it { is_expected.to match(/member\d+/) }
@@ -24,33 +24,33 @@ describe "posts/show" do
     end
 
     describe "should parse markdown into html" do
-      let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:markdown_post, author: author) }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:markdown_post, author: author) }
       it { assert_select "strong", "strong" }
     end
 
     describe "shouldn't let html through in body" do
-      let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: author, body: '<a href="http://evil.com">EVIL</a>') }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author, body: '<a href="http://evil.com">EVIL</a>') }
       it { is_expected.to have_content('EVIL') }
       it { is_expected.not_to have_link("http://evil.com") }
     end
     describe 'script tag in post body' do
-      let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: author, body: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author, body: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
       it { is_expected.not_to have_selector('script') }
     end
     describe 'script tag in post title' do
-      let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: author, subject: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author, subject: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
       it { is_expected.not_to have_selector('script') }
     end
 
     describe 'has an anchor to the comments' do
-      let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: author) }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author) }
       it { is_expected.to have_selector('a[name=comments]') }
     end
   end
 
   context "when there is one comment" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:html_post, author: author) }
-    let!(:comment) { FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:html_post, author: author) }
+    let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post) }
     before(:each) do
       @comments = post.comments
       render
@@ -70,15 +70,15 @@ describe "posts/show" do
   end
 
   context "when there is more than one comment" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:html_post, author: author) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:html_post, author: author) }
     before(:each) do
-      @comment1 = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post, body: "F1rst!!!",
-                                               created_at: Date.new(2010, 5, 17))
-      @comment3 = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post, body: "Th1rd!!!",
-                                               created_at: Date.new(2012, 5, 17))
-      @comment4 = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post, body: "F0urth!!!")
-      @comment2 = FactoryGirl.create(:comment, post: post, body: "S3c0nd!!1!",
-                                               created_at: Date.new(2011, 5, 17))
+      @comment1 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "F1rst!!!",
+                                              created_at: Date.new(2010, 5, 17))
+      @comment3 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "Th1rd!!!",
+                                              created_at: Date.new(2012, 5, 17))
+      @comment4 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "F0urth!!!")
+      @comment2 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "S3c0nd!!1!",
+                                              created_at: Date.new(2011, 5, 17))
       @comments = post.comments
       render
     end
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ describe "posts/show" do
   end
 
   context "forum post" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:forum_post, author: author) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, author: author) }
     before { render }
     it "shows forum name" do
       is_expected.to have_content "in #{post.forum.name}"
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe "posts/show" do
   end
 
   context "signed in" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryGirl.create(:post, author: author) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author) }
     before(:each) do
       sign_in author
       controller.stub(:current_user) { author }
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/show.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/show.rss.haml_spec.rb
index 7fd1d8891..97625fa2c 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/show.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/show.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe 'posts/show.rss.haml' do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @author = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-    @post = FactoryGirl.create(:post)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post)
-    FactoryGirl.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post)
+    @author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+    @post = FactoryBot.create(:post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, author: @author, post: @post)
     assign(:post, @post)
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/products/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/products/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index f69492169..cbde70cf1 100644
--- a/spec/views/products/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/products/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "products/index" do
   before(:each) do
-    @product = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
+    @product = FactoryBot.create(:product)
     assign(:products, [@product, @product])
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/products/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/products/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 2aeffa783..ee529cc71 100644
--- a/spec/views/products/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/products/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "products/show" do
   before(:each) do
-    @product = assign(:product, FactoryGirl.create(:product))
+    @product = assign(:product, FactoryBot.create(:product))
   end
 
   it "renders attributes in <p>" do
diff --git a/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index 131861a79..abd9b4c62 100644
--- a/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/scientific_names/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "scientific_names/edit" do
   context "logged in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
       @scientific_name = assign(:scientific_name,
-        FactoryGirl.create(:zea_mays))
+        FactoryBot.create(:zea_mays))
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/scientific_names/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/scientific_names/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index feb4d3535..248ca5be9 100644
--- a/spec/views/scientific_names/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/scientific_names/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ describe "scientific_names/index" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
     assign(:scientific_names, [
-             FactoryGirl.create(:zea_mays),
-             FactoryGirl.create(:solanum_lycopersicum)
+             FactoryBot.create(:zea_mays),
+             FactoryBot.create(:solanum_lycopersicum)
            ])
   end
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ describe "scientific_names/index" do
 
   context "logged in and crop wrangler" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     end
diff --git a/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 772387dd7..f820007a7 100644
--- a/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/scientific_names/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "scientific_names/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    assign(:scientific_name, FactoryGirl.create(:zea_mays))
+    assign(:scientific_name, FactoryBot.create(:zea_mays))
   end
 
   context "logged in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
       render
diff --git a/spec/views/scientific_names/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/scientific_names/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 00ca59823..a12082fa4 100644
--- a/spec/views/scientific_names/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/scientific_names/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe "scientific_names/show" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
     @scientific_name = assign(:scientific_name,
-      FactoryGirl.create(:zea_mays))
+      FactoryBot.create(:zea_mays))
   end
 
   it "renders attributes in <p>" do
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ describe "scientific_names/show" do
 
   context 'signed in' do
     before :each do
-      @wrangler = FactoryGirl.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
+      @wrangler = FactoryBot.create(:crop_wrangling_member)
       sign_in @wrangler
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @wrangler }
       render
diff --git a/spec/views/seeds/edit.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/seeds/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
index 9ed744295..6822bf961 100644
--- a/spec/views/seeds/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/seeds/edit.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "seeds/edit" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-    @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, owner: @member)
+    @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed, owner: @member)
   end
 
   it "renders the edit seed form" do
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe "seeds/edit" do
   end
 
   it "doesn't revert tradable_to to nowhere" do
-    @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @member)
+    @seed = FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @member)
     @seed.tradable_to.should_not eq "nowhere"
     render
     assert_select "option[selected=selected]", text: @seed.tradable_to
diff --git a/spec/views/seeds/index.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/seeds/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
index a90394084..7e2b3df88 100644
--- a/spec/views/seeds/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/seeds/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ describe 'seeds/index.rss.haml' do
 
   context 'all seeds' do
     before(:each) do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed)
-      @tradable = FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed)
+      @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed)
+      @tradable = FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed)
       assign(:seeds, [@seed, @tradable])
       render
     end
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe 'seeds/index.rss.haml' do
 
   context "one member's seeds" do
     before(:each) do
-      @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed)
+      @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed)
       assign(:seeds, [@seed])
       assign(:owner, @seed.owner)
       render
diff --git a/spec/views/seeds/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/seeds/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 2cc82f641..a05da5b23 100644
--- a/spec/views/seeds/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/seeds/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe "seeds/new" do
   before(:each) do
-    @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+    @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
     sign_in @member
     controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-    @seed1 = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, owner: @member)
+    @seed1 = FactoryBot.create(:seed, owner: @member)
     assign(:seed, @seed1)
   end
 
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ describe "seeds/new" do
 
   context 'member has location' do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
-      @seed1 = FactoryGirl.create(:seed, owner: @member)
+      @seed1 = FactoryBot.create(:seed, owner: @member)
       assign(:seed, @seed1)
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index c970a2518..654d27b0f 100644
--- a/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 describe "seeds/show" do
   before(:each) do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
-    @seed = FactoryGirl.create(:seed)
+    @seed = FactoryBot.create(:seed)
     assign(:seed, @seed)
   end
 
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@ describe "seeds/show" do
 
   context "tradable" do
     before(:each) do
-      @owner = FactoryGirl.create(:london_member)
-      assign(:seed, FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed,
+      @owner = FactoryBot.create(:london_member)
+      assign(:seed, FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed,
         owner: @owner))
       # note current_member is not the owner of this seed
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       sign_in @member
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
     end
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ describe "seeds/show" do
 
     context 'with no location' do
       before(:each) do
-        @owner = FactoryGirl.create(:member) # no location
+        @owner = FactoryBot.create(:member) # no location
         sign_in @owner
         controller.stub(:current_user) { @owner }
-        assign(:seed, FactoryGirl.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @owner))
+        assign(:seed, FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner: @owner))
       end
 
       it 'says "from unspecified location"' do
diff --git a/spec/views/shop/index_spec.rb b/spec/views/shop/index_spec.rb
index 54994def9..e809782bc 100644
--- a/spec/views/shop/index_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/shop/index_spec.rb
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'shop/index.html.haml', type: "view" do
   before(:each) do
-    @product1 = FactoryGirl.create(:product)
-    @product2 = FactoryGirl.create(:product_with_recommended_price)
+    @product1 = FactoryBot.create(:product)
+    @product2 = FactoryBot.create(:product_with_recommended_price)
     assign(:products, [@product1, @product2])
     assign(:order_item, OrderItem.new)
   end
 
   context "signed in" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
       controller.stub(:current_user) { @member }
       render
     end
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ describe 'shop/index.html.haml', type: "view" do
 
   context "is paid" do
     before(:each) do
-      @member = FactoryGirl.create(:member)
-      @member.account.account_type = FactoryGirl.create(:paid_account_type)
+      @member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
+      @member.account.account_type = FactoryBot.create(:paid_account_type)
       @member.account.paid_until = Time.zone.now + 1.year
       controller.stub(:current_member) { @member }
     end