diff --git a/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb b/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb
index 32c609cc3..44cee8a21 100644
--- a/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/alternate_names.rb
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :alternate_name do
-    name "alternate name"
+    name { "alternate name" }
     crop
     creator
 
     factory :alternate_eggplant do
       association :crop, factory: :eggplant
-      name "aubergine"
+      name { "aubergine" }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/authentications.rb b/spec/factories/authentications.rb
index 0f385f680..97a34f6c4 100644
--- a/spec/factories/authentications.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/authentications.rb
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :authentication do
     member
-    provider 'twitter'
-    uid 'foo'
-    secret 'bar'
-    name 'baz'
+    provider { 'twitter' }
+    uid { 'foo' }
+    secret { 'bar' }
+    name { 'baz' }
 
     factory :flickr_authentication do
-      provider 'flickr'
-      uid 'blah@blah'
+      provider { 'flickr' }
+      uid { 'blah@blah' }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/crop.rb b/spec/factories/crop.rb
index 2a8c6b656..b1c23a95b 100644
--- a/spec/factories/crop.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/crop.rb
@@ -1,83 +1,83 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :crop do
-    name "magic bean"
-    en_wikipedia_url "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_bean"
-    approval_status "approved"
+    name { "magic bean" }
+    en_wikipedia_url { "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_bean" }
+    approval_status { "approved" }
     creator
 
     factory :annual_crop, parent: :crop do
-      perennial false
+      perennial { false }
     end
     factory :perennial_crop, parent: :crop do
-      perennial true
+      perennial { true }
     end
 
     factory :tomato do
-      name "tomato"
-      en_wikipedia_url "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato"
+      name { "tomato" }
+      en_wikipedia_url { "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato" }
     end
 
     factory :maize do
-      name "maize"
-      en_wikipedia_url "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize"
+      name { "maize" }
+      en_wikipedia_url { "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maize" }
     end
 
     factory :chard do
-      name "chard"
+      name { "chard" }
     end
 
     factory :walnut do
-      name "walnut"
+      name { "walnut" }
     end
 
     factory :apple do
-      name "apple"
+      name { "apple" }
     end
 
     factory :pear do
-      name "pear"
+      name { "pear" }
     end
 
     # for testing varieties
     factory :roma do
-      name "roma tomato"
+      name { "roma tomato" }
     end
 
     factory :popcorn do
-      name "popcorn"
+      name { "popcorn" }
     end
 
     factory :eggplant do
-      name "eggplant"
+      name { "eggplant" }
     end
 
     # This should have a name that is alphabetically earlier than :uppercase
     # crop to ensure that the ordering tests work.
     factory :lowercasecrop do
-      name "ffrench bean"
+      name { "ffrench bean" }
     end
 
     factory :uppercasecrop do
-      name "Swiss chard"
+      name { "Swiss chard" }
     end
 
     factory :autoloaded_crop do
-      creator "cropbot"
+      creator { "cropbot" }
     end
 
     # for testing crop request
     factory :crop_request do
-      name "Ultra berry"
-      en_wikipedia_url ""
-      approval_status "pending"
+      name { "Ultra berry" }
+      en_wikipedia_url { "" }
+      approval_status { "pending" }
       association :requester, factory: :member
-      request_notes "Please approve this even though it's fake."
+      request_notes { "Please approve this even though it's fake." }
     end
 
     factory :rejected_crop do
-      name "Fail bean"
-      approval_status "rejected"
-      reason_for_rejection "Totally fake"
+      name { "Fail bean" }
+      approval_status { "rejected" }
+      reason_for_rejection { "Totally fake" }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/forums.rb b/spec/factories/forums.rb
index 5636981fb..ba1e6cf82 100644
--- a/spec/factories/forums.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/forums.rb
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :forum do
-    name "Permaculture"
-    description "*Everything* about permaculture!"
+    name { "Permaculture" }
+    description { "*Everything* about permaculture!" }
     owner
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/garden.rb b/spec/factories/garden.rb
index f93107361..d11dcd0d7 100644
--- a/spec/factories/garden.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/garden.rb
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :garden do
     name { Faker::Vehicle.vin }
-    description "This is a **totally** cool garden"
+    description { "This is a **totally** cool garden" }
     owner
-    active true
-    area 23
-    area_unit "acre"
-    location "Greenwich, UK"
+    active { true }
+    area { 23 }
+    area_unit { "acre" }
+    location { "Greenwich, UK" }
 
     factory :inactive_garden do
-      active false
+      active { false }
     end
 
     # the following are used for testing alphabetical ordering
     factory :garden_a do
-      name 'A garden starting with A'
+      name { 'A garden starting with A' }
     end
 
     factory :garden_z do
-      name 'Zzzz this garden makes me sleepy'
+      name { 'Zzzz this garden makes me sleepy' }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/harvests.rb b/spec/factories/harvests.rb
index 7ed88375a..426c3d24c 100644
--- a/spec/factories/harvests.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/harvests.rb
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ FactoryBot.define do
   factory :harvest do
     crop { planting.present? ? planting.crop : FactoryBot.create(:crop) }
     plant_part { FactoryBot.create :plant_part }
-    planting nil
+    planting { nil }
     owner { planting.present? ? planting.owner : FactoryBot.create(:member) }
     harvested_at { Time.zone.local(2015, 9, 17) }
-    quantity "3"
-    unit "individual"
-    weight_quantity 6
-    weight_unit "kg"
-    description "A lovely harvest"
+    quantity { "3" }
+    unit { "individual" }
+    weight_quantity { 6 }
+    weight_unit { "kg" }
+    description { "A lovely harvest" }
 
     factory :harvest_with_planting do
       planting
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ FactoryBot.define do
   end
 
   trait :long_description do
-    description "This is a very long description that is so very long that it will need to be cut off"
+    description { "This is a very long description that is so very long that it will need to be cut off" }
   end
 
   trait :no_description do
-    description ""
+    description { "" }
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/member.rb b/spec/factories/member.rb
index 70aaaaab8..295d1a408 100644
--- a/spec/factories/member.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/member.rb
@@ -4,57 +4,57 @@ FactoryBot.define do
 
   factory :member, aliases: %i(author owner sender recipient creator) do
     login_name { generate(:login_name) }
-    password 'password1'
+    password { 'password1' }
     email { generate(:email) }
-    tos_agreement true
+    tos_agreement { true }
     confirmed_at { Time.now }
-    show_email false
-    bio 'I love seeds'
+    show_email { false }
+    bio { 'I love seeds' }
 
     # cropbot is needed for certain tests, eg. Crop.create_from_csv
     factory :cropbot do
-      login_name 'cropbot'
+      login_name { 'cropbot' }
     end
 
     factory :no_tos_member do
-      tos_agreement false
+      tos_agreement { false }
     end
 
     factory :newsletter_recipient_member do
-      newsletter true
+      newsletter { true }
     end
 
     factory :no_bio_member do
-      bio nil
+      bio { nil }
     end
 
     factory :unconfirmed_member do
-      confirmed_at nil
+      confirmed_at { nil }
     end
 
     # this member has very loose privacy settings
     factory :public_member do
-      login_name 'NothingToHide'
-      show_email true
+      login_name { 'NothingToHide' }
+      show_email { true }
     end
 
     factory :london_member do
       sequence(:login_name) { |n| "JohnH#{n}" } # for the astronomer who figured out longitude
-      location 'Greenwich, UK'
+      location { 'Greenwich, UK' }
       # including lat/long explicitly because geocoder doesn't work with FG
-      latitude 51.483
-      longitude 0.004
+      latitude { 51.483 }
+      longitude { 0.004 }
     end
 
     factory :edinburgh_member do
-      location 'Edinburgh'
-      latitude 55.953252
-      longitude -3.188267
+      location { 'Edinburgh' }
+      latitude { 55.953252 }
+      longitude { -3.188267 }
     end
 
     factory :south_pole_member do
       sequence(:login_name) { |n| "ScottRF#{n}" }
-      location 'Amundsen-Scott Base, Antarctica'
+      location { 'Amundsen-Scott Base, Antarctica' }
       latitude { -90 }
       longitude { 0 }
     end
@@ -69,39 +69,39 @@ FactoryBot.define do
     end
 
     factory :invalid_member_shortname do
-      login_name 'a'
+      login_name { 'a' }
     end
 
     factory :invalid_member_longname do
-      login_name 'MarmadukeBlundellHollinsheadBlundellTolemachePlantagenetWhistlebinkie3rdDukeofMarmoset'
+      login_name { 'MarmadukeBlundellHollinsheadBlundellTolemachePlantagenetWhistlebinkie3rdDukeofMarmoset' }
     end
 
     factory :invalid_member_spaces do
-      login_name "a b"
+      login_name { "a b" }
     end
 
     factory :invalid_member_badchars do
-      login_name 'aa%$'
+      login_name { 'aa%$' }
     end
 
     factory :invalid_member_badname do
-      login_name 'admin'
+      login_name { 'admin' }
     end
 
     factory :valid_member_alphanumeric do
-      login_name 'abc123'
+      login_name { 'abc123' }
     end
 
     factory :valid_member_uppercase do
-      login_name 'ABC123'
+      login_name { 'ABC123' }
     end
 
     factory :valid_member_underscore do
-      login_name 'abc_123'
+      login_name { 'abc_123' }
     end
 
     factory :no_email_notifications_member do
-      send_notification_email false
+      send_notification_email { false }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/notifications.rb b/spec/factories/notifications.rb
index b893fcc1b..7903035d2 100644
--- a/spec/factories/notifications.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/notifications.rb
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ FactoryBot.define do
   factory :notification, aliases: [:message] do
     sender
     recipient
-    subject "MyString"
-    body "MyText"
-    read false
+    subject { "MyString" }
+    body { "MyText" }
+    read { false }
     post
 
     factory :no_email_notification do
diff --git a/spec/factories/photos.rb b/spec/factories/photos.rb
index 455d721c7..5d3ef467c 100644
--- a/spec/factories/photos.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/photos.rb
@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :photo do
     owner
-    flickr_photo_id 1
+    flickr_photo_id { 1 }
     title { Faker::HarryPotter.quote }
-    license_name "CC-BY"
-    license_url "http://example.com/license.html"
+    license_name { "CC-BY" }
+    license_url { "http://example.com/license.html" }
     thumbnail_url { "http://example.com/#{Faker::File.file_name}.jpg" }
     fullsize_url { "http://example.com/#{Faker::File.file_name}.jpg" }
     link_url { Faker::Internet.url }
 
     factory :unlicensed_photo do
-      license_name "All rights reserved"
-      license_url ""
+      license_name { "All rights reserved" }
+      license_url { "" }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/planting.rb b/spec/factories/planting.rb
index 27a2b179d..24c092f82 100644
--- a/spec/factories/planting.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/planting.rb
@@ -4,37 +4,37 @@ FactoryBot.define do
     garden { FactoryBot.create :garden, owner: owner }
     crop
     planted_at { Time.zone.local(2014, 7, 30) }
-    quantity 33
-    description "This is a *really* good plant."
-    finished false
-    finished_at nil
+    quantity { 33 }
+    description { "This is a *really* good plant." }
+    finished { false }
+    finished_at { nil }
 
     factory :seed_planting do
-      planted_from 'seed'
+      planted_from { 'seed' }
     end
 
     factory :seedling_planting do
-      planted_from 'seedling'
+      planted_from { 'seedling' }
     end
 
     factory :cutting_planting do
-      planted_from 'cutting'
+      planted_from { 'cutting' }
     end
 
     factory :sunny_planting do
-      sunniness 'sun'
+      sunniness { 'sun' }
     end
 
     factory :semi_shady_planting do
-      sunniness 'semi-shade'
+      sunniness { 'semi-shade' }
     end
 
     factory :shady_planting do
-      sunniness 'shade'
+      sunniness { 'shade' }
     end
 
     factory :finished_planting do
-      finished true
+      finished { true }
       planted_at { Time.zone.local(2014, 7, 30) }
       finished_at { Time.zone.local(2014, 8, 30) }
     end
diff --git a/spec/factories/post.rb b/spec/factories/post.rb
index da6390ef8..6a955b95a 100644
--- a/spec/factories/post.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/post.rb
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :post do
-    subject "A Post"
-    body "This is some text."
+    subject { "A Post" }
+    body { "This is some text." }
     author
     created_at { Time.now }
 
     # Markdown is allowed in posts
     factory :markdown_post do
-      body "This is some **strong** text."
+      body { "This is some **strong** text." }
     end
 
     # HTML isn't allowed in posts
     factory :html_post do
-      body '<a href="http://evil.com">EVIL</a>'
+      body { '<a href="http://evil.com">EVIL</a>' }
     end
 
     factory :forum_post do
diff --git a/spec/factories/roles.rb b/spec/factories/roles.rb
index fed5e5e00..3e33d9720 100644
--- a/spec/factories/roles.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/roles.rb
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
 
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :role do
-    name "Moderator"
-    description "These people moderate the forums"
+    name { "Moderator" }
+    description { "These people moderate the forums" }
     initialize_with { Role.find_or_create_by(name: name) }
 
     factory :admin do
-      name "admin"
+      name { "admin" }
     end
 
     factory :crop_wrangler do
-      name "Crop Wrangler"
-      description "they wrangle crops"
+      name { "Crop Wrangler" }
+      description { "they wrangle crops" }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb b/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
index aa0911504..7e0e04462 100644
--- a/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/scientific_name.rb
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :scientific_name do
     association :crop, factory: :crop
-    name "Beanus Magicus"
+    name { "Beanus Magicus" }
     creator
 
     factory :zea_mays do
       association :crop, factory: :maize
-      name "Zea mays"
+      name { "Zea mays" }
     end
 
     factory :solanum_lycopersicum do
       association :crop, factory: :tomato
-      name "Solanum lycopersicum"
+      name { "Solanum lycopersicum" }
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/factories/seeds.rb b/spec/factories/seeds.rb
index b58193671..2f5238591 100644
--- a/spec/factories/seeds.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/seeds.rb
@@ -4,30 +4,30 @@ FactoryBot.define do
   factory :seed do
     owner
     crop
-    description "MyText"
-    quantity 1
-    plant_before "2013-07-15"
-    tradable_to 'nowhere'
-    organic 'unknown'
-    gmo 'unknown'
-    heirloom 'unknown'
-    days_until_maturity_min nil
-    days_until_maturity_max nil
-    finished_at nil
+    description { "MyText" }
+    quantity { 1 }
+    plant_before { "2013-07-15" }
+    tradable_to { 'nowhere' }
+    organic { 'unknown' }
+    gmo { 'unknown' }
+    heirloom { 'unknown' }
+    days_until_maturity_min { nil }
+    days_until_maturity_max { nil }
+    finished_at { nil }
 
     factory :finished_seed do
-      finished true
+      finished { true }
       finished_at { Date.new }
     end
 
     factory :tradable_seed do
-      tradable_to "locally"
-      finished false
-      finished_at nil
+      tradable_to { "locally" }
+      finished { false }
+      finished_at { nil }
     end
 
     factory :untradable_seed do
-      tradable_to "nowhere"
+      tradable_to { "nowhere" }
     end
   end
 end