diff --git a/app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb b/app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb
index 94f40e25f..f3588cbdf 100644
--- a/app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/authentications_controller.rb
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ class AuthenticationsController < ApplicationController
 
       @authentication = current_member.authentications
         .create_with(
-          name:   name,
+          name:,
           token:  auth['credentials']['token'],
           secret: auth['credentials']['secret']
         )
         .find_or_create_by(
           provider: auth['provider'],
           uid:      auth['uid'],
-          name:     name
+          name:
         )
 
       flash[:notice] = "Authentication successful."
diff --git a/app/controllers/conversations_controller.rb b/app/controllers/conversations_controller.rb
index 4d80aba68..0def4aa83 100644
--- a/app/controllers/conversations_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/conversations_controller.rb
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class ConversationsController < ApplicationController
     @conversation = Mailboxer::Conversation.find_by(id: params[:id])
     return unless @conversation.nil? || !@conversation.is_participant?(current_member)
 
-    redirect_to conversations_path(box: box)
+    redirect_to conversations_path(box:)
     nil
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/controllers/crops_controller.rb b/app/controllers/crops_controller.rb
index 265103b7b..3f85171dd 100644
--- a/app/controllers/crops_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/crops_controller.rb
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class CropsController < ApplicationController
     @crops = CropSearchService.search(@term,
                                       page:           params[:page],
                                       per_page:       Crop.per_page,
-                                      current_member: current_member)
+                                      current_member:)
     respond_with @crops
   end
 
diff --git a/app/controllers/harvests_controller.rb b/app/controllers/harvests_controller.rb
index 4b6624136..1e4cc7e86 100644
--- a/app/controllers/harvests_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/harvests_controller.rb
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class HarvestsController < DataController
       where['planting_id'] = @planting.id
     end
 
-    @harvests = Harvest.search('*', where:    where,
+    @harvests = Harvest.search('*', where:,
                                     limit:    100,
                                     page:     params[:page],
                                     load:     false,
diff --git a/app/controllers/likes_controller.rb b/app/controllers/likes_controller.rb
index 953baac35..638a5038c 100644
--- a/app/controllers/likes_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/likes_controller.rb
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class LikesController < ApplicationController
     {
       id:              like.likeable.id,
       like_count:      like.likeable.likes.count,
-      liked_by_member: liked_by_member,
+      liked_by_member:,
       description:     ActionController::Base.helpers.pluralize(like.likeable.likes.count, "like")
     }
   end
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class LikesController < ApplicationController
       format.json do
         render(json: render_json(
           like,
-          liked_by_member: liked_by_member
+          liked_by_member:
         ), status: status_code)
       end
     end
diff --git a/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb b/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb
index 3275684e7..feb0dd8fe 100644
--- a/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/plantings_controller.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class PlantingsController < DataController
     end
 
     @plantings = Planting.search(
-      where:    where,
+      where:,
       page:     params[:page],
       limit:    30,
       boost_by: [:created_at],
diff --git a/app/controllers/seeds_controller.rb b/app/controllers/seeds_controller.rb
index 566edfc4a..15817810a 100644
--- a/app/controllers/seeds_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/seeds_controller.rb
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class SeedsController < DataController
 
     @filename = csv_filename
     @seeds = Seed.search(
-      where:    where,
+      where:,
       page:     params[:page],
       limit:    30,
       boost_by: [:created_at],
diff --git a/app/helpers/application_helper.rb b/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
index 6f1cde5cf..e5c22500b 100644
--- a/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ module ApplicationHelper
       return uri.to_s
     end
 
-    Gravatar.new(member.email).image_url(size:    size,
+    Gravatar.new(member.email).image_url(size:,
                                          default: :identicon,
                                          ssl:     true)
   end
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ module ApplicationHelper
     all = show_all ? '' : 1
 
     if owner.present?
-      public_send("member_#{type}_path", owner, all: all)
+      public_send("member_#{type}_path", owner, all:)
     elsif crop.present?
-      public_send("crop_#{type}_path", crop, all: all)
+      public_send("crop_#{type}_path", crop, all:)
     else
-      public_send("#{type}_path", all: all)
+      public_send("#{type}_path", all:)
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/app/helpers/buttons_helper.rb b/app/helpers/buttons_helper.rb
index 850b6398a..cd0816dd2 100644
--- a/app/helpers/buttons_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/buttons_helper.rb
@@ -44,19 +44,19 @@ module ButtonsHelper
   end
 
   def seed_edit_button(seed, classes: "btn btn-raised btn-info")
-    edit_button(edit_seed_path(seed), classes: classes)
+    edit_button(edit_seed_path(seed), classes:)
   end
 
   def harvest_edit_button(harvest, classes: "btn btn-raised btn-info")
-    edit_button(edit_harvest_path(harvest), classes: classes)
+    edit_button(edit_harvest_path(harvest), classes:)
   end
 
   def garden_edit_button(garden, classes: "btn btn-raised btn-info")
-    edit_button(edit_garden_path(garden), classes: classes)
+    edit_button(edit_garden_path(garden), classes:)
   end
 
   def planting_edit_button(planting, classes: "btn btn-raised btn-info")
-    edit_button(edit_planting_path(planting), classes: classes)
+    edit_button(edit_planting_path(planting), classes:)
   end
 
   def planting_finish_button(planting, classes: 'btn btn-default btn-secondary')
diff --git a/app/helpers/crops_helper.rb b/app/helpers/crops_helper.rb
index 32cf7773b..39d6ba52c 100644
--- a/app/helpers/crops_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/crops_helper.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 module CropsHelper
   def display_seed_availability(member, crop)
-    seeds = member.seeds.where(crop: crop)
+    seeds = member.seeds.where(crop:)
     total_quantity = seeds.where.not(quantity: nil).sum(:quantity)
 
     return "You don't have any seeds of this crop." if seeds.none?
diff --git a/app/helpers/editable_form_helper.rb b/app/helpers/editable_form_helper.rb
index 527baf5b2..adee685b7 100644
--- a/app/helpers/editable_form_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/editable_form_helper.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 module EditableFormHelper
   def editable(field_type, model, field, display_field:, collection: [])
-    render 'shared/editable/form', field_type: field_type,
-                                   model: model, field: field, display_field: display_field, collection: collection
+    render 'shared/editable/form', field_type:,
+                                   model:, field:, display_field:, collection:
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb b/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb
index 8ad30256b..fbb569ec4 100644
--- a/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/posts_helper.rb
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 module PostsHelper
   def display_post_truncated(post, length: 300)
-    truncate(strip_tags(post.body), length: length,
+    truncate(strip_tags(post.body), length:,
                                     separator: ' ', omission: '... ') { link_to "Read more", post_path(post) }
   end
 
   def post_stripped_tags(post, length: 300)
-    truncate(strip_tags(post.body), length: length)
+    truncate(strip_tags(post.body), length:)
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/models/comment.rb b/app/models/comment.rb
index 6590b6649..2d332ad6f 100644
--- a/app/models/comment.rb
+++ b/app/models/comment.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class Comment < ApplicationRecord
         recipient_id: recipient,
         sender_id:    sender,
         subject:      "#{author} commented on #{post.subject}",
-        body:         body,
+        body:,
         post_id:      post.id
       )
     end
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/member_newsletter.rb b/app/models/concerns/member_newsletter.rb
index 055e77b15..c491914fb 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/member_newsletter.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/member_newsletter.rb
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ module MemberNewsletter
 
       gibbon.lists.subscribe(
         id:           Rails.application.config.newsletter_list_id,
-        email:        { email: email },
-        merge_vars:   { login_name: login_name },
+        email:        { email: },
+        merge_vars:   { login_name: },
         double_optin: false # they already confirmed their email with us
       )
     end
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ module MemberNewsletter
       return true if Rails.env.test? && !testing
 
       gibbon.lists.unsubscribe(id:    Rails.application.config.newsletter_list_id,
-                               email: { email: email })
+                               email: { email: })
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/predict_harvest.rb b/app/models/concerns/predict_harvest.rb
index bd11fc116..2106eb5c8 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/predict_harvest.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/predict_harvest.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ module PredictHarvest
         days_to_first_harvest = (first_harvest_date - planted_at).to_i
         days_to_last_harvest = (last_harvest_date - planted_at).to_i if finished?
       end
-      update(days_to_first_harvest: days_to_first_harvest, days_to_last_harvest: days_to_last_harvest)
+      update(days_to_first_harvest:, days_to_last_harvest:)
     end
 
     # status
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/search_crops.rb b/app/models/concerns/search_crops.rb
index 4a072ef99..4006ab2ac 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/search_crops.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/search_crops.rb
@@ -29,19 +29,19 @@ module SearchCrops
 
     def search_data
       {
-        name:             name,
-        description:      description,
-        slug:             slug,
+        name:,
+        description:,
+        slug:,
         alternate_names:  alternate_names.pluck(:name),
         scientific_names: scientific_names.pluck(:name),
         photos_count:     photo_associations_count,
         # boost the crops that are planted the most
-        plantings_count:  plantings_count,
-        harvests_count:   harvests_count,
+        plantings_count:,
+        harvests_count:,
         # boost this crop for these members
         planters_ids:     plantings.pluck(:owner_id),
         has_photos:       photos.size.positive?,
-        thumbnail_url:    thumbnail_url,
+        thumbnail_url:,
         scientific_name:  default_scientific_name&.name,
         created_at:       created_at.to_i
       }
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/search_harvests.rb b/app/models/concerns/search_harvests.rb
index 43ae17587..8d6a5825f 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/search_harvests.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/search_harvests.rb
@@ -17,22 +17,22 @@ module SearchHarvests
 
     def search_data
       {
-        slug:             slug,
-        quantity:         quantity,
+        slug:,
+        quantity:,
 
         # crop
-        crop_id:          crop_id,
-        crop_name:        crop_name,
+        crop_id:,
+        crop_name:,
         crop_slug:        crop.slug,
 
         # owner
-        owner_id:         owner_id,
-        owner_login_name: owner_login_name,
-        owner_slug:       owner_slug,
+        owner_id:,
+        owner_login_name:,
+        owner_slug:,
         plant_part_name:  plant_part&.name,
 
         # planting
-        planting_id:      planting_id,
+        planting_id:,
         planting_slug:    planting&.slug,
 
         # photo
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ module SearchHarvests
         photos_count:     photos.count,
 
         # timestamps
-        harvested_at:     harvested_at,
+        harvested_at:,
         created_at:       created_at.to_i
       }
     end
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ module SearchHarvests
         }
         one_record = search('*',
                             limit:    1,
-                            where:    where,
+                            where:,
                             boost_by: [:created_at],
                             load:     false).first
         return records if one_record.nil?
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/search_photos.rb b/app/models/concerns/search_photos.rb
index 2d7fc4399..86368b42f 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/search_photos.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/search_photos.rb
@@ -15,20 +15,20 @@ module SearchPhotos
 
     def search_data
       {
-        id:                     id,
-        title:                  title,
-        thumbnail_url:          thumbnail_url,
-        fullsize_url:           fullsize_url,
+        id:,
+        title:,
+        thumbnail_url:,
+        fullsize_url:,
         # crops
         crops:                  crops.pluck(:id),
         # likes
-        liked_by_members_names: liked_by_members_names,
+        liked_by_members_names:,
         # owner
-        owner_id:               owner_id,
-        owner_login_name:       owner_login_name,
-        owner_slug:             owner_slug,
+        owner_id:,
+        owner_login_name:,
+        owner_slug:,
         # counts
-        likes_count:            likes_count,
+        likes_count:,
 
         created_at:             created_at.to_i
       }
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/search_plantings.rb b/app/models/concerns/search_plantings.rb
index 38490e809..d1d734ece 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/search_plantings.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/search_plantings.rb
@@ -18,39 +18,39 @@ module SearchPlantings
 
     def search_data
       {
-        slug:                       slug,
-        active:                     active,
+        slug:,
+        active:,
         finished:                   finished?,
         has_photos:                 photos.size.positive?,
-        location:                   location,
+        location:,
         percentage_grown:           percentage_grown.to_i,
-        planted_at:                 planted_at,
-        planted_from:               planted_from,
+        planted_at:,
+        planted_from:,
         planted_year:               planted_at&.year,
-        quantity:                   quantity,
-        sunniness:                  sunniness,
-        garden_id:                  garden_id,
+        quantity:,
+        sunniness:,
+        garden_id:,
 
-        first_harvest_predicted_at: first_harvest_predicted_at,
-        finish_predicted_at:        finish_predicted_at,
+        first_harvest_predicted_at:,
+        finish_predicted_at:,
 
         # crops
-        crop_id:                    crop_id,
-        crop_name:                  crop_name,
-        crop_slug:                  crop_slug,
-        crop_perennial:             crop_perennial,
+        crop_id:,
+        crop_name:,
+        crop_slug:,
+        crop_perennial:,
 
         # owner
-        owner_id:                   owner_id,
-        owner_location:             owner_location,
-        owner_login_name:           owner_login_name,
-        owner_slug:                 owner_slug,
+        owner_id:,
+        owner_location:,
+        owner_login_name:,
+        owner_slug:,
 
         # photos
         thumbnail_url:              default_photo&.thumbnail_url || crop.default_photo&.thumbnail_url,
         # counts
         photos_count:               photos.size,
-        harvests_count:             harvests_count,
+        harvests_count:,
 
         # timestamps
         created_at:                 created_at.to_i
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ module SearchPlantings
         }
         one_record = search('*',
                             limit:    1,
-                            where:    where,
+                            where:,
                             boost_by: [:created_at],
                             load:     false).first
         return records if one_record.nil?
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/search_seeds.rb b/app/models/concerns/search_seeds.rb
index c02a127c0..519dbfd43 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/search_seeds.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/search_seeds.rb
@@ -18,31 +18,31 @@ module SearchSeeds
 
     def search_data
       {
-        slug:             slug,
+        slug:,
         finished:         finished?,
-        gmo:              gmo,
-        active:           active,
-        heirloom:         heirloom,
+        gmo:,
+        active:,
+        heirloom:,
         location:         owner.location,
-        organic:          organic,
-        quantity:         quantity,
+        organic:,
+        quantity:,
         plant_before:     plant_before&.to_fs(:ymd),
-        tradable_to:      tradable_to,
-        tradable:         tradable,
+        tradable_to:,
+        tradable:,
 
         # crop
-        crop_id:          crop_id,
+        crop_id:,
         crop_name:        crop.name,
         crop_slug:        crop.slug,
 
         # owner
-        owner_id:         owner_id,
-        owner_location:   owner_location,
-        owner_login_name: owner_login_name,
-        owner_slug:       owner_slug,
+        owner_id:,
+        owner_location:,
+        owner_login_name:,
+        owner_slug:,
 
         # planting
-        parent_planting:  parent_planting,
+        parent_planting:,
 
         # counts
         photos_count:     photos.size,
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ module SearchSeeds
     end
 
     def self.homepage_records(limit)
-      search('*', limit:    limit,
+      search('*', limit:,
                   where:    {
                     finished: false,
                     tradable: true
diff --git a/app/models/csv_importer.rb b/app/models/csv_importer.rb
index 7b8dfbecd..6758b4a71 100644
--- a/app/models/csv_importer.rb
+++ b/app/models/csv_importer.rb
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ class CsvImporter
   def import_crop(row)
     name, en_wikipedia_url, parent_name, scientific_names, alternate_names = row
 
-    @crop = Crop.find_or_create_by(name: name)
+    @crop = Crop.find_or_create_by(name:)
     @crop.update(
-      en_wikipedia_url: en_wikipedia_url,
+      en_wikipedia_url:,
       creator_id:       cropbot.id
     )
 
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ class CsvImporter
     return if names_to_add.empty?
 
     names_to_add.each do |name|
-      sciname = ScientificName.find_by(name: name, crop: @crop)
-      sciname ||= ScientificName.create!(name: name, crop: @crop, creator: cropbot)
+      sciname = ScientificName.find_by(name:, crop: @crop)
+      sciname ||= ScientificName.create!(name:, crop: @crop, creator: cropbot)
       @crop.scientific_names << sciname
     end
   end
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class CsvImporter
     return if alternate_names.blank?
 
     alternate_names.split(/,\s*/).each do |name|
-      altname = AlternateName.find_by(name: name, crop: @crop)
+      altname = AlternateName.find_by(name:, crop: @crop)
       altname ||= AlternateName.create! name: name, crop: @crop, creator: cropbot
       @crop.alternate_names << altname
     end
diff --git a/app/models/member.rb b/app/models/member.rb
index feb9c68dc..71b1c465f 100644
--- a/app/models/member.rb
+++ b/app/models/member.rb
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class Member < ApplicationRecord
   end
 
   def auth(provider)
-    authentications.find_by(provider: provider)
+    authentications.find_by(provider:)
   end
 
   def unread_count
diff --git a/app/models/photo.rb b/app/models/photo.rb
index 64bf79348..03aa17e53 100644
--- a/app/models/photo.rb
+++ b/app/models/photo.rb
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class Photo < ApplicationRecord
              source_type: type
   end
 
-  scope :by_crop, ->(crop) { joins(:photo_associations).where(photo_associations: { crop: crop }) }
+  scope :by_crop, ->(crop) { joins(:photo_associations).where(photo_associations: { crop: }) }
   scope :by_model, lambda { |model_name|
     joins(:photo_associations).where(photo_associations: { photographable_type: model_name.to_s })
   }
diff --git a/app/models/planting.rb b/app/models/planting.rb
index 3247fc015..308516998 100644
--- a/app/models/planting.rb
+++ b/app/models/planting.rb
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class Planting < ApplicationRecord
 
   # stringify as "beet in Skud's backyard" or similar
   def to_s
-    I18n.t('plantings.string', crop: crop.name, garden: garden.name, owner: owner)
+    I18n.t('plantings.string', crop: crop.name, garden: garden.name, owner:)
   end
 
   def finished?
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class Planting < ApplicationRecord
 
     # latitude, longitude = Geocoder.coordinates(location, params: { limit: 1 })
     Planting.joins(:garden)
-      .where(crop: crop)
+      .where(crop:)
       .located
       .where('gardens.latitude < ? AND gardens.latitude > ?',
              latitude + 10, latitude - 10)
diff --git a/app/models/post.rb b/app/models/post.rb
index 057402187..12773fbb9 100644
--- a/app/models/post.rb
+++ b/app/models/post.rb
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ class Post < ApplicationRecord
       next unless recipient_id != sender
 
       Notification.create(
-        recipient_id: recipient_id,
+        recipient_id:,
         sender_id:    sender,
         subject:      "#{author} mentioned you in their post #{subject}",
-        body:         body
+        body:
       )
     end
   end
diff --git a/app/models/role.rb b/app/models/role.rb
index b89db3287..027d25546 100644
--- a/app/models/role.rb
+++ b/app/models/role.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class Role < ApplicationRecord
     %i(crop_wranglers admins).each do |method|
       define_method method do
         slug = method.to_s.singularize.dasherize
-        Role.where(slug: slug).try(:first).try(:members)
+        Role.where(slug:).try(:first).try(:members)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/app/models/seed.rb b/app/models/seed.rb
index 761f40ffe..5178dfcbe 100644
--- a/app/models/seed.rb
+++ b/app/models/seed.rb
@@ -69,6 +69,6 @@ class Seed < ApplicationRecord
   end
 
   def to_s
-    I18n.t('seeds.string', crop: crop.name, owner: owner)
+    I18n.t('seeds.string', crop: crop.name, owner:)
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/services/openfarm_service.rb b/app/services/openfarm_service.rb
index b9cd243c6..bec461b49 100644
--- a/app/services/openfarm_service.rb
+++ b/app/services/openfarm_service.rb
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class OpenfarmService
       if photo.valid?
         Photo.transaction do
           photo.save
-          PhotoAssociation.find_or_create_by! photo: photo, photographable: crop
+          PhotoAssociation.find_or_create_by! photo:, photographable: crop
         end
         Rails.logger.debug "\t saved photo #{photo.id} #{photo.source_id}"
       else
diff --git a/config/initializers/devise.rb b/config/initializers/devise.rb
index 3773df6c8..1ecb6d0be 100644
--- a/config/initializers/devise.rb
+++ b/config/initializers/devise.rb
@@ -235,5 +235,6 @@ Devise.setup do |config|
   # config.omniauth_path_prefix = "/my_engine/users/auth"
 
   # Later we may wish to ask for user_photos,user_location, however this means we need to be reviewed by facebook
-  config.omniauth :facebook, ENV['GROWSTUFF_FACEBOOK_KEY'], ENV['GROWSTUFF_FACEBOOK_SECRET'], scope: 'email,public_profile', display: 'page', info_fields: 'email,name,first_name,last_name,id'
+  config.omniauth :facebook, ENV['GROWSTUFF_FACEBOOK_KEY'], ENV['GROWSTUFF_FACEBOOK_SECRET'], scope: 'email,public_profile',
+display: 'page', info_fields: 'email,name,first_name,last_name,id'
 end
diff --git a/config/setup_load_paths.rb b/config/setup_load_paths.rb
index 36e63028a..2baff7da8 100644
--- a/config/setup_load_paths.rb
+++ b/config/setup_load_paths.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 if ENV['MY_RUBY_HOME']&.include?('rvm')
   begin
     require 'rvm'
-    RVM.use_from_path! File.dirname(File.dirname(__FILE__))
+    RVM.use_from_path! File.dirname(__FILE__, 2)
   rescue LoadError
     # RVM is unavailable at this point.
     raise "RVM ruby lib is currently unavailable."
diff --git a/db/migrate/20150201052245_create_cms.rb b/db/migrate/20150201052245_create_cms.rb
index 1e4af733f..56ecebb8b 100644
--- a/db/migrate/20150201052245_create_cms.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20150201052245_create_cms.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class CreateCms < ActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]
-  def self.up # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/AbcSize
+  def self.up # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength
     # -- Sites --------------------------------------------------------------
     create_table :comfy_cms_sites do |t|
       t.string :label,        null: false
diff --git a/db/migrate/20190326063855_create_garden_types.rb b/db/migrate/20190326063855_create_garden_types.rb
index d844eb787..1ef3d7293 100644
--- a/db/migrate/20190326063855_create_garden_types.rb
+++ b/db/migrate/20190326063855_create_garden_types.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class CreateGardenTypes < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
      'wicking bed', 'permaculture', 'hydroponic', 'aquaponic', 'orchard', 'food forest',
      'biodynamic'].each do |name|
       say "Creating #{name}"
-      GardenType.create! name: name
+      GardenType.create! name:
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/db/seeds.rb b/db/seeds.rb
index e8dd84cdf..c18c4da6a 100644
--- a/db/seeds.rb
+++ b/db/seeds.rb
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ def load_test_users
       suburb, _country, _state, latitude, longitude = row[0]
       # Using 'update_column' method instead of 'update' so that
       # it avoids accessing Geocoding service for faster processing
-      @user.gardens.first.update_columns(location: suburb, latitude: latitude, longitude: longitude)
-      @user.update_columns(location: suburb, latitude: latitude, longitude: longitude)
+      @user.gardens.first.update_columns(location: suburb, latitude:, longitude:)
+      @user.update_columns(location: suburb, latitude:, longitude:)
     end
 
     # Create a planting by the member
diff --git a/lib/actions/oauth_signup_action.rb b/lib/actions/oauth_signup_action.rb
index 63e6dd4f5..7a1b2dab7 100644
--- a/lib/actions/oauth_signup_action.rb
+++ b/lib/actions/oauth_signup_action.rb
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ class Growstuff::OauthSignupAction
 
     member.authentications
       .create_with(
-        name:   name,
+        name:,
         token:  auth['credentials']['token'],
         secret: auth['credentials']['secret']
       )
       .find_or_create_by(
         provider:  auth['provider'],
         uid:       auth['uid'],
-        name:      name,
+        name:,
         member_id: member.id
       )
   end
diff --git a/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake b/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake
index 1fb588870..3b066727f 100644
--- a/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake
+++ b/lib/tasks/growstuff.rake
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace :growstuff do
       raise "Usage: rake growstuff:[rolename] name=[username] "\
         "\n (login name is case-sensitive)\n"
     end
-    member = Member.find_by!(login_name: login_name)
+    member = Member.find_by!(login_name:)
     role = Role.find_by!(name: role_name)
     member.roles << role
   end
diff --git a/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb
index 07e0115e6..a58309534 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ describe CommentsController do
     describe "with valid params" do
       before { get :new, params: { post_id: post.id } }
 
-      let(:old_comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post) }
+      let(:old_comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:) }
 
       it "picks up post from params" do
         expect(assigns(:post)).to eq(post)
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ describe CommentsController do
     before { get :edit, params: { id: comment.to_param } }
 
     describe "my comment" do
-      let!(:comment)     { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: member, post: post                   }
-      let!(:old_comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, created_at: Time.zone.yesterday) }
+      let!(:comment)     { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: member, post:                   }
+      let!(:old_comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:, created_at: Time.zone.yesterday) }
 
       it "assigns previous comments as @comments" do
         expect(assigns(:comments)).to eq([comment, old_comment])
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ describe CommentsController do
     end
 
     describe "not my comment" do
-      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, post: post }
+      let(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, post: }
 
       it { expect(response).not_to be_successful }
     end
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ describe CommentsController do
       let(:post)             { FactoryBot.create :post, subject: 'our post'           }
       let(:other_post)       { FactoryBot.create :post, subject: 'the other post'     }
       let(:valid_attributes) { { post_id: other_post.id, body: "kōrero" }             }
-      let(:comment)          { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: member, post: post }
+      let(:comment)          { FactoryBot.create :comment, author: member, post: }
 
       it "does not change post_id" do
         comment.reload
diff --git a/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb
index dcbb7b66b..8a7e046f9 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/likes_controller_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe LikesController do
-  let(:like)     { FactoryBot.create :like, member: member  }
+  let(:like)     { FactoryBot.create :like, member: }
   let(:member)   { FactoryBot.create(:member)               }
   let(:blogpost) { FactoryBot.create(:post)                 }
 
diff --git a/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb
index 6629c69e9..b3f5123f1 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/photos_controller_spec.rb
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ describe PhotosController, :search do
     describe '#index crop photos' do
       let!(:photo)      { FactoryBot.create :photo, :reindex, owner: member, title: 'no assocations photo' }
       let!(:crop_photo) { FactoryBot.create :photo, :reindex, owner: member, title: 'photos of planting'   }
-      let!(:planting)   { FactoryBot.create :planting, :reindex, crop: crop, owner: member                 }
-      let!(:crop)       { FactoryBot.create :crop, :reindex                                                }
+      let!(:planting)   { FactoryBot.create :planting, :reindex, crop:, owner: member }
+      let!(:crop)       { FactoryBot.create :crop, :reindex }
 
       before do
         planting.photos << crop_photo
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ describe PhotosController, :search do
     let(:garden)   { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member)                 }
     let(:harvest)  { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, owner: member)                }
     let(:member)   { FactoryBot.create(:member)                                }
-    let!(:auth)    { FactoryBot.create(:flickr_authentication, member: member) }
+    let!(:auth)    { FactoryBot.create(:flickr_authentication, member:) }
 
     before do
       sign_in member
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe PhotosController, :search do
 
     let(:member)   { FactoryBot.create(:member)                                  }
     let(:garden)   { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member)                   }
-    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: member) }
+    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden:, owner: member) }
     let(:harvest)  { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, owner: member)                  }
     let(:photo)    { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: member)                    }
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ describe PhotosController, :search do
       before { controller.stub(:current_member) { member } }
 
       describe "creates the planting/photo link" do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: member) }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden:, owner: member) }
         let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: member) }
         before { post :create, params: { photo: { source_id: photo.source_id, source: 'flickr' }, type: "planting", id: planting.id } }
         it { expect(flash[:alert]).not_to be_present }
diff --git a/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb b/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb
index 02b539d7a..b2172f5e6 100644
--- a/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/controllers/seeds_controller_spec.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ describe SeedsController, :search do
     end
 
     context 'with parent planting' do
-      let!(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, owner: owner }
+      let!(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, owner: }
 
       before do
         Seed.reindex
diff --git a/spec/factories/planting.rb b/spec/factories/planting.rb
index f95a626f1..805074bb9 100644
--- a/spec/factories/planting.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/planting.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :planting do
     owner
-    garden { FactoryBot.create :garden, owner: owner }
+    garden { FactoryBot.create :garden, owner: }
     crop
     planted_at { Time.zone.local(2014, 7, 30) }
     quantity { 33 }
diff --git a/spec/factories/roles.rb b/spec/factories/roles.rb
index c7c57f7ea..0a35435e7 100644
--- a/spec/factories/roles.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/roles.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ FactoryBot.define do
   factory :role do
     name { "Moderator" }
     description { "These people moderate the forums" }
-    initialize_with { Role.find_or_create_by(name: name) }
+    initialize_with { Role.find_or_create_by(name:) }
 
     factory :admin do
       name { "admin" }
diff --git a/spec/features/comments/commenting_a_comment_spec.rb b/spec/features/comments/commenting_a_comment_spec.rb
index 62dc00cdc..5fdd09e01 100644
--- a/spec/features/comments/commenting_a_comment_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/comments/commenting_a_comment_spec.rb
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe 'Commenting on a post' do
   end
 
   context "editing a comment" do
-    let(:existing_comment) { create :comment, post: post, author: member }
+    let(:existing_comment) { create :comment, post:, author: member }
 
     before do
       visit edit_comment_path existing_comment
diff --git a/spec/features/crops/crop_detail_page_spec.rb b/spec/features/crops/crop_detail_page_spec.rb
index a7da997ce..31133fbc6 100644
--- a/spec/features/crops/crop_detail_page_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/crops/crop_detail_page_spec.rb
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ describe "crop detail page", js: true do
   end
 
   context "seed quantity for a crop" do
-    let(:seed)   { create :seed, crop: crop, quantity: 20 }
+    let(:seed)   { create :seed, crop:, quantity: 20 }
 
     it "User not signed in" do
       visit crop_path(seed.crop)
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@ describe "crop detail page", js: true do
     describe 'with harvest history data' do
       before do
         # 50 days to harvest
-        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 150.days.ago, crop: crop,
-                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop: crop))
+        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 150.days.ago, crop:,
+                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop:))
         # 20 days to harvest
-        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 180.days.ago, crop: crop,
-                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop: crop))
+        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 180.days.ago, crop:,
+                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop:))
         # 10 days to harvest
-        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 190.days.ago, crop: crop,
-                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop: crop))
+        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 190.days.ago, crop:,
+                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop:))
         crop.update_medians
       end
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ describe "crop detail page", js: true do
 
   context 'predictions' do
     let!(:planting) do
-      FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop:        crop,
+      FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop:,
                                    planted_at:  100.days.ago,
                                    finished_at: 1.day.ago)
     end
diff --git a/spec/features/crops/crop_photos_spec.rb b/spec/features/crops/crop_photos_spec.rb
index edeac6fcd..92cbdb86a 100644
--- a/spec/features/crops/crop_photos_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/crops/crop_photos_spec.rb
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ describe "crop detail page", :js, :search do
 
   let(:plant_part) { FactoryBot.create :plant_part, name: 'fruit' }
 
-  let!(:harvest)  { FactoryBot.create :harvest, crop: crop, owner: owner_member, plant_part: plant_part }
-  let!(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, owner: owner_member }
-  let!(:seed)     { FactoryBot.create :seed, crop: crop, owner: owner_member     }
+  let!(:harvest)  { FactoryBot.create :harvest, crop:, owner: owner_member, plant_part: }
+  let!(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop:, owner: owner_member }
+  let!(:seed)     { FactoryBot.create :seed, crop:, owner: owner_member     }
 
   let!(:photo1) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: owner_member) }
   let!(:photo2) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: owner_member) }
diff --git a/spec/features/gardens/gardens_spec.rb b/spec/features/gardens/gardens_spec.rb
index f804bc57f..cba6978d4 100644
--- a/spec/features/gardens/gardens_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/gardens/gardens_spec.rb
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ describe "Planting a crop", js: true do
     include_context 'signed in member'
     # name is aaa to ensure it is ordered first
     let!(:garden)            { create :garden, name: 'aaa', owner: member }
-    let!(:planting)          { create :planting, garden: garden, owner: garden.owner, planted_at: Date.parse("2013-3-10") }
-    let!(:tomato)            { create :tomato                                                                             }
-    let!(:finished_planting) { create :finished_planting, owner: garden.owner, garden: garden, crop: tomato               }
+    let!(:planting)          { create :planting, garden:, owner: garden.owner, planted_at: Date.parse("2013-3-10") }
+    let!(:tomato)            { create :tomato }
+    let!(:finished_planting) { create :finished_planting, owner: garden.owner, garden:, crop: tomato }
 
     it "View gardens" do
       visit gardens_path
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ describe "Planting a crop", js: true do
 
     context 'When a garden has a garden type' do
       let(:garden_type) { create :garden_type }
-      let(:garden_with_type) { create :garden, garden_type: garden_type }
+      let(:garden_with_type) { create :garden, garden_type: }
 
       it "Shows a garden type for a garden" do
         visit garden_path(garden_with_type)
diff --git a/spec/features/gardens/index_spec.rb b/spec/features/gardens/index_spec.rb
index c28159f82..04df61b5b 100644
--- a/spec/features/gardens/index_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/gardens/index_spec.rb
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ describe "Gardens#index", :js do
       # time to finished = 90 days
       FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
                         harvested_at: 50.days.ago,
-                        crop:         crop,
+                        crop:,
                         planting:     FactoryBot.create(:planting,
-                                                        crop:        crop,
+                                                        crop:,
                                                         planted_at:  100.days.ago,
                                                         finished_at: 10.days.ago))
       crop.plantings.each(&:update_harvest_days!)
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ describe "Gardens#index", :js do
     describe 'harvest still growing' do
       let!(:planting) do
         FactoryBot.create :planting,
-                          crop:       crop,
+                          crop:,
                           owner:      member,
-                          garden:     garden,
+                          garden:,
                           planted_at: Time.zone.today
       end
 
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ describe "Gardens#index", :js do
     describe 'harvesting now' do
       let!(:planting) do
         FactoryBot.create :planting,
-                          crop: crop,
-                          owner: member, garden: garden,
+                          crop:,
+                          owner: member, garden:,
                           planted_at: 51.days.ago
       end
 
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ describe "Gardens#index", :js do
     describe 'super late' do
       let!(:planting) do
         FactoryBot.create :planting,
-                          crop: crop, owner: member,
-                          garden: garden, planted_at: 260.days.ago
+                          crop:, owner: member,
+                          garden:, planted_at: 260.days.ago
       end
 
       it { expect(page).to have_text 'super late' }
diff --git a/spec/features/home/home_spec.rb b/spec/features/home/home_spec.rb
index c4355d2b7..d2bae29d4 100644
--- a/spec/features/home/home_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/home/home_spec.rb
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ describe "home page", :search do
   let(:photo) { FactoryBot.create :photo, owner: member }
   let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create :crop, created_at: 1.day.ago }
 
-  let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, owner: member, crop: crop }
-  let(:seed)    { FactoryBot.create :tradable_seed, owner: member, crop: crop }
-  let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create :harvest, owner: member, crop: crop       }
+  let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, owner: member, crop: }
+  let(:seed)    { FactoryBot.create :tradable_seed, owner: member, crop: }
+  let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create :harvest, owner: member, crop:       }
 
   let!(:tradable_seed) { FactoryBot.create :tradable_seed, :reindex, finished: false  }
   let!(:finished_seed)   { FactoryBot.create :tradable_seed, :reindex, finished: true }
diff --git a/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb b/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb
index a253c3f3f..ba04c04d3 100644
--- a/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/likeable_spec.rb
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ describe 'Likeable', :js, search: true do
     end
     describe 'crops#show' do
       let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create :crop }
-      let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, owner: member, crop: crop }
+      let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, owner: member, crop: }
       let(:path) { crop_path(crop) }
       before { planting.photos << photo }
       include_examples 'photo can be liked'
diff --git a/spec/features/members/profile_spec.rb b/spec/features/members/profile_spec.rb
index e668f28cc..665fb06a7 100644
--- a/spec/features/members/profile_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/members/profile_spec.rb
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ describe "member profile", js: true do
 
     context 'member has comments' do
       let(:post) { FactoryBot.create :post }
-      let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, post: post, author: member }
+      let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create :comment, post:, author: member }
       before { visit member_path(member) }
       it { expect(page).to have_link href: post_path(post) }
       it { expect(page).to have_link href: comment_path(comment) }
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ describe "member profile", js: true do
         # time to finished = 90 days
         FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
                           harvested_at: 50.days.ago,
-                          crop:         crop,
+                          crop:,
                           planting:     FactoryBot.create(:planting,
-                                                          crop:        crop,
+                                                          crop:,
                                                           planted_at:  100.days.ago,
                                                           finished_at: 10.days.ago))
         crop.plantings.each(&:update_harvest_days!)
@@ -176,21 +176,21 @@ describe "member profile", js: true do
 
       let(:growing_planting) do
         FactoryBot.create :planting,
-                          crop:       crop,
+                          crop:,
                           owner:      member,
                           planted_at: Time.zone.today
       end
 
       let(:harvesting_planting) do
         FactoryBot.create :planting,
-                          crop:       crop,
+                          crop:,
                           owner:      member,
                           planted_at: 51.days.ago
       end
 
       let(:super_late_planting) do
         FactoryBot.create :planting,
-                          crop: crop, owner: member,
+                          crop:, owner: member,
                           planted_at: 260.days.ago
       end
 
diff --git a/spec/features/percy/percy_spec.rb b/spec/features/percy/percy_spec.rb
index c36c21f81..9eb63e809 100644
--- a/spec/features/percy/percy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/percy/percy_spec.rb
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ rest of the garden.
       crop.reindex
       owner = FactoryBot.create :interesting_member, login_name: crop_type.to_s.reverse, email: "#{crop.name}@example.com"
       planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, owner: owner, garden: owner.gardens.first
-      photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: owner,
+      photo = FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner:,
                                         thumbnail_url: "#{photo_url}_q.jpg", fullsize_url: "#{photo_url}_z.jpg")
       planting.photos << photo
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ rest of the garden.
         FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
                           crop:         tomato,
                           plant_part:   FactoryBot.create(:plant_part, name: 'berry'),
-                          planting:     planting,
+                          planting:,
                           harvested_at: 1.day.ago)
 
         post = FactoryBot.create :post, subject: 'tomatoes are delicious'
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ rest of the garden.
         # with some lettuce (finished)
         FactoryBot.create(
           :planting, crop: FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'lettuce'),
-                     garden: garden, owner: member, finished_at: 2.weeks.ago
+                     garden:, owner: member, finished_at: 2.weeks.ago
         )
         # tomato still growing
         tomato_planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, garden: garden, owner: member, crop: tomato
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ rest of the garden.
           FactoryBot.create_list :post, 12, author: member
         end
         Post.all.order(id: :desc).limit(4) do |post|
-          FactoryBot.create_list :comment, rand(1..5), post: post
+          FactoryBot.create_list :comment, rand(1..5), post:
         end
         visit posts_path
         page.percy_snapshot(page, name: "#{prefix}/posts#index")
diff --git a/spec/features/places/searching_a_place_spec.rb b/spec/features/places/searching_a_place_spec.rb
index 38e26277e..62156d332 100644
--- a/spec/features/places/searching_a_place_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/places/searching_a_place_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ describe "User searches" do
   let!(:maize)    { create :maize }
   let(:garden)    { create :garden, owner: located_member                                                        }
   let!(:seed1)    { create :seed, owner: located_member                                                          }
-  let!(:planting) { create :planting, garden: garden, owner: located_member, planted_at: Date.parse("2013-3-10") }
+  let!(:planting) { create :planting, garden:, owner: located_member, planted_at: Date.parse("2013-3-10") }
 
   describe "with a valid place" do
     before do
diff --git a/spec/features/plantings/planting_a_crop_spec.rb b/spec/features/plantings/planting_a_crop_spec.rb
index 8ec474e10..e63a848b2 100644
--- a/spec/features/plantings/planting_a_crop_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/plantings/planting_a_crop_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ describe "Planting a crop", :js, :search do
   let!(:maize) { FactoryBot.create :maize }
   let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create :garden, owner: member, name: 'Orchard' }
   let!(:planting) do
-    FactoryBot.create :planting, garden: garden, owner: member, planted_at: Date.parse("2013-03-10")
+    FactoryBot.create :planting, garden:, owner: member, planted_at: Date.parse("2013-03-10")
   end
 
   before { Planting.reindex }
diff --git a/spec/features/plantings/prediction_spec.rb b/spec/features/plantings/prediction_spec.rb
index c22734a7f..bd7bf0405 100644
--- a/spec/features/plantings/prediction_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/plantings/prediction_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ describe "Display a planting", :js do
   describe 'planting perennial' do
     let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create :garden, location: 'Edinburgh' }
     let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: 'feijoa', perennial: true) }
-    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, garden: garden, owner: garden.owner }
+    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop:, garden:, owner: garden.owner }
 
     describe 'no harvest to predict from' do
       before { visit planting_path(planting) }
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ describe "Display a planting", :js do
       before do
         FactoryBot.create :harvest, planting: planting, crop: crop, harvested_at: '1 May 2019'
         FactoryBot.create :harvest, planting: planting, crop: crop, harvested_at: '18 June 2019'
-        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting: planting, crop: crop, harvested_at: '18 August 2019'
+        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting:, crop:, harvested_at: '18 August 2019'
       end
       before { visit planting_path(planting) }
       it { expect(page.find("#month-1")[:class]).not_to include("badge-harvesting") }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe "Display a planting", :js do
         faraway_planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, garden: faraway_garden, crop: crop,
                                                         owner: faraway_garden.owner, planted_at: '16 May 2001'
 
-        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting: faraway_planting, crop: crop,
+        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting: faraway_planting, crop:,
                                             harvested_at: '18 December 2006'
       end
       before { visit planting_path(planting) }
diff --git a/spec/features/plantings/show_spec.rb b/spec/features/plantings/show_spec.rb
index 3ffcb45b3..727287905 100644
--- a/spec/features/plantings/show_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/plantings/show_spec.rb
@@ -44,17 +44,17 @@ describe "Display a planting", :js do
       let(:planting) do
         crop = FactoryBot.create :annual_crop
         # 50 days to harvest
-        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 150.days.ago, crop: crop,
-                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop: crop))
+        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 150.days.ago, crop:,
+                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop:))
         # 20 days to harvest
-        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 180.days.ago, crop: crop,
-                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop: crop))
+        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 180.days.ago, crop:,
+                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop:))
         # 10 days to harvest
-        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 190.days.ago, crop: crop,
-                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop: crop))
+        FactoryBot.create(:harvest, harvested_at: 190.days.ago, crop:,
+                                    planting: FactoryBot.create(:planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop:))
         crop.update_medians
 
-        FactoryBot.create :annual_planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop: crop
+        FactoryBot.create :annual_planting, planted_at: 200.days.ago, crop:
       end
       it { expect(page).to have_text 'First harvest expected' }
     end
diff --git a/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb
index c285f9c5a..a4f95ade5 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/application_helper_spec.rb
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ describe ApplicationHelper do
 
     context 'with a populated collection' do
       context 'with one element' do
-        before { create(:comment, post: post) }
+        before { create(:comment, post:) }
 
         it 'returns a string with the quantity and the plural of the model' do
           expect(localize_plural(post.comments, Comment)).to eq '1 comment'
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ describe ApplicationHelper do
       end
 
       context 'with more than one element' do
-        before { create_list(:comment, 2, post: post) }
+        before { create_list(:comment, 2, post:) }
 
         it 'returns a string with the quantity and the plural of the model' do
           expect(localize_plural(post.comments, Comment)).to eq '2 comments'
diff --git a/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb
index 3b8094ea6..50033069b 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/gardens_helper_spec.rb
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ describe GardensHelper do
 
     it "has 1 planting" do
       crop = FactoryBot.create(:crop)
-      plantings = [FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop: crop)]
+      plantings = [FactoryBot.create(:planting, quantity: 10, crop:)]
       result = helper.display_garden_plantings(plantings)
 
       output = '<ul class="plantings"><li>'
diff --git a/spec/helpers/photos_helper_spec.rb b/spec/helpers/photos_helper_spec.rb
index bbd6a32b0..8efde0465 100644
--- a/spec/helpers/photos_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/helpers/photos_helper_spec.rb
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ describe PhotosHelper do
   let(:crop_photo_flickr) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, source: 'flickr') }
 
   let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create :garden }
-  let(:planting)       { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, owner: garden.owner }
+  let(:planting)       { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop:, owner: garden.owner }
   let(:planting_photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: garden.owner) }
-  let(:harvest)        { FactoryBot.create :harvest, crop: crop, owner: garden.owner }
+  let(:harvest)        { FactoryBot.create :harvest, crop:, owner: garden.owner }
   let(:harvest_photo)  { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: garden.owner) }
-  let(:seed)           { FactoryBot.create :seed, crop: crop, owner: garden.owner }
+  let(:seed)           { FactoryBot.create :seed, crop:, owner: garden.owner }
   let(:seed_photo)     { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: garden.owner) }
 
   describe "crops" do
diff --git a/spec/models/ability_spec.rb b/spec/models/ability_spec.rb
index db7ffa259..f65a1146e 100644
--- a/spec/models/ability_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/ability_spec.rb
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ describe Ability do
       end
 
       it "can't delete a plant part that has harvests" do
-        @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, plant_part: plant_part)
+        @harvest = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, plant_part:)
         ability.should_not be_able_to(:destroy, plant_part)
       end
     end
diff --git a/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb b/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb
index c8b64b145..38eac0954 100644
--- a/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/alternate_name_spec.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe AlternateName do
   end
 
   describe 'relationships' do
-    let(:alternate_name) { FactoryBot.create :alternate_name, crop: crop, creator: member }
+    let(:alternate_name) { FactoryBot.create :alternate_name, crop:, creator: member }
     let(:crop)   { FactoryBot.create :crop   }
     let(:member) { FactoryBot.create :member }
 
diff --git a/spec/models/crop_spec.rb b/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
index b33786a7f..3d6297b37 100644
--- a/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/crop_spec.rb
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ describe Crop do
 
     context 'with a planting photo' do
       let!(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: planting.owner) }
-      let!(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: crop) }
+      let!(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop:) }
 
       before { planting.photos << photo }
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ describe Crop do
     end
 
     context 'with a harvest photo' do
-      let!(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop) }
+      let!(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:) }
       let!(:photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: harvest.owner) }
 
       before { harvest.photos << photo }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ describe Crop do
       include_examples 'has default photo'
 
       context 'and planting photo' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: crop) }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop:) }
         let!(:planting_photo) { FactoryBot.create(:photo, owner: planting.owner) }
 
         before { planting.photos << planting_photo }
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ describe Crop do
     end
 
     describe 'finding all photos' do
-      let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop }
-      let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create :harvest, crop: crop }
-      let(:seed)    { FactoryBot.create :seed, crop: crop    }
+      let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: }
+      let(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create :harvest, crop: }
+      let(:seed)    { FactoryBot.create :seed, crop:    }
 
       before do
         # Add photos to all
@@ -210,25 +210,25 @@ describe Crop do
     let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
 
     it 'returns a hash of sunniness values' do
-      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:shady_planting, crop:)
       crop.sunniness.should be_an_instance_of Hash
     end
 
     it 'counts each sunniness value' do
-      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:shady_planting, crop:)
       crop.sunniness.should == { 'sun' => 2, 'shade' => 1, 'semi-shade' => 1 }
     end
 
     it 'ignores unused sunniness values' do
-      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:sunny_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:semi_shady_planting, crop:)
       crop.sunniness.should == { 'sun' => 2, 'semi-shade' => 1 }
     end
   end
@@ -237,25 +237,25 @@ describe Crop do
     let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:tomato) }
 
     it 'returns a hash of sunniness values' do
-      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting, crop:)
       crop.planted_from.should be_an_instance_of Hash
     end
 
     it 'counts each planted_from value' do
-      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:cutting_planting, crop:)
       crop.planted_from.should == { 'seed' => 2, 'seedling' => 1, 'cutting' => 1 }
     end
 
     it 'ignores unused planted_from values' do
-      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop: crop)
-      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop: crop)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seed_planting, crop:)
+      FactoryBot.create(:seedling_planting, crop:)
       crop.planted_from.should == { 'seed' => 2, 'seedling' => 1 }
     end
   end
@@ -273,16 +273,16 @@ describe Crop do
       @root = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part, name: 'root')
       @bulb = FactoryBot.create(:plant_part, name: 'bulb')
       @harvest1 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
-                                    crop:       crop,
+                                    crop:,
                                     plant_part: @fruit)
       @harvest2 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
-                                    crop:       crop,
+                                    crop:,
                                     plant_part: @fruit)
       @harvest3 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
-                                    crop:       crop,
+                                    crop:,
                                     plant_part: @seed)
       @harvest4 = FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
-                                    crop:       crop,
+                                    crop:,
                                     plant_part: @root)
       crop.popular_plant_parts.should == { [@fruit.id, @fruit.name] => 2,
                                            [@seed.id, @seed.name]   => 1,
@@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ describe Crop do
   end
 
   context "harvests" do
-    let!(:crop)    { FactoryBot.create(:crop)                                  }
-    let!(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop: crop)                   }
+    let!(:crop)    { FactoryBot.create(:crop) }
+    let!(:harvest) { FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:) }
 
     it "has harvests" do
       expect(crop.harvests).to eq [harvest]
diff --git a/spec/models/forum_spec.rb b/spec/models/forum_spec.rb
index cc5b34a08..acfceaa14 100644
--- a/spec/models/forum_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/forum_spec.rb
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ describe Forum do
   end
 
   it "has many posts" do
-    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: forum)
-    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: forum)
+    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum:)
+    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum:)
     forum.posts.size.should == 2
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/garden_spec.rb b/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
index f51209692..28da5d0cb 100644
--- a/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/garden_spec.rb
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Garden do
-  let(:owner)       { FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: 'hatupatu')                             }
-  let(:garden)      { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: owner, name: 'Springfield Community Garden') }
+  let(:owner)       { FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: 'hatupatu') }
+  let(:garden)      { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner:, name: 'Springfield Community Garden') }
 
   it "has a slug" do
     garden.slug.should match(/hatupatu-springfield-community-garden/)
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ describe Garden do
   end
 
   it "destroys plantings when deleted" do
-    garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: owner)
-    @planting1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: garden.owner)
-    @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: garden.owner)
+    garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner:)
+    @planting1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden:, owner: garden.owner)
+    @planting2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden:, owner: garden.owner)
     expect(garden.plantings.size).to eq(2)
     all = Planting.count
     garden.destroy
@@ -146,8 +146,8 @@ describe Garden do
 
   it "marks plantings as finished when garden is inactive" do
     garden = FactoryBot.create(:garden)
-    p1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: garden.owner)
-    p2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, owner: garden.owner)
+    p1 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden:, owner: garden.owner)
+    p2 = FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden:, owner: garden.owner)
 
     expect(p1.finished).to eq false
     expect(p2.finished).to eq false
diff --git a/spec/models/garden_type.rb b/spec/models/garden_type.rb
index 9ea7ac160..74e68d5d3 100644
--- a/spec/models/garden_type.rb
+++ b/spec/models/garden_type.rb
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ describe GardenType do
   end
 
   describe "does not delete gardens when deleted" do
-    before { FactoryBot.create :garden, garden_type: garden_type }
+    before { FactoryBot.create :garden, garden_type: }
 
     let(:garden_type) { FactoryBot.create(:garden_type, name: "Massive Flower Pot") }
 
diff --git a/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb b/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb
index 83294908f..2edcf5b0e 100644
--- a/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/harvest_spec.rb
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     let(:crop) { FactoryBot.create(:crop, name: "apricot") }
 
     it "apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        nil,
                                        unit:            nil,
                                        weight_quantity: nil,
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     end
 
     it "1 individual apricot" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        1,
                                        unit:            'individual',
                                        weight_quantity: nil,
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     end
 
     it "10 individual apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        10,
                                        unit:            'individual',
                                        weight_quantity: nil,
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     end
 
     it "1 bushel of apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        1,
                                        unit:            'bushel',
                                        weight_quantity: nil,
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     end
 
     it "1.5 bushels of apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        1.5,
                                        unit:            'bushel',
                                        weight_quantity: nil,
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     end
 
     it "10 bushels of apricots" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        10,
                                        unit:            'bushel',
                                        weight_quantity: nil,
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     end
 
     it "apricots weighing 1.2 kg" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        nil,
                                        unit:            nil,
                                        weight_quantity: 1.2,
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ describe Harvest do
     end
 
     it "10 bushels of apricots weighing 100 kg" do
-      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:            crop,
+      @h = FactoryBot.create(:harvest, crop:,
                                        quantity:        10,
                                        unit:            'bushel',
                                        weight_quantity: 100,
diff --git a/spec/models/like_spec.rb b/spec/models/like_spec.rb
index bd012ae42..51e060ae7 100644
--- a/spec/models/like_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/like_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ describe 'like' do
 
   context 'existing like' do
     before do
-      @like = Like.create(member: member, likeable: post)
+      @like = Like.create(member:, likeable: post)
     end
 
     it 'is valid' do
@@ -40,36 +40,36 @@ describe 'like' do
   end
 
   it 'does not allow duplicate likes by the same member' do
-    Like.create(member: member, likeable: post)
-    second_like = Like.new(member: member, likeable: post)
+    Like.create(member:, likeable: post)
+    second_like = Like.new(member:, likeable: post)
     expect(second_like).not_to be_valid
   end
 
   it 'destroys like if post no longer exists' do
-    like = Like.create(member: member, likeable: post)
+    like = Like.create(member:, likeable: post)
     post.destroy
     expect(Like.all).not_to include like
   end
 
   it 'destroys like if post no longer exists' do
-    like = Like.create(member: member, likeable: post)
+    like = Like.create(member:, likeable: post)
     post.destroy
     expect(Like.all).not_to include like
   end
 
   it 'destroys like if member no longer exists' do
-    like = Like.create(member: member, likeable: post)
+    like = Like.create(member:, likeable: post)
     member.destroy
     expect(Like.all).not_to include like
   end
 
   it 'liked_by_members_names' do
     expect(post.liked_by_members_names).to eq []
-    Like.create(member: member, likeable: post)
+    Like.create(member:, likeable: post)
     expect(post.liked_by_members_names).to eq [member.login_name]
 
     expect(photo.liked_by_members_names).to eq []
-    Like.create(member: member, likeable: photo)
+    Like.create(member:, likeable: photo)
     expect(photo.liked_by_members_names).to eq [member.login_name]
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/models/member_spec.rb b/spec/models/member_spec.rb
index f591bd3d5..21a893018 100644
--- a/spec/models/member_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/member_spec.rb
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ describe 'member' do
     it "has many likes" do
       @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
       @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
-      @like1 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member: member, likeable: @post1)
-      @like2 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member: member, likeable: @post2)
+      @like1 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member:, likeable: @post1)
+      @like2 = FactoryBot.create(:like, member:, likeable: @post2)
 
       expect(member.likes.length).to eq 2
     end
diff --git a/spec/models/planting_spec.rb b/spec/models/planting_spec.rb
index c11149087..fb885b06a 100644
--- a/spec/models/planting_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/planting_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ describe Planting do
   let(:crop)         { FactoryBot.create(:tomato)                                                            }
   let(:garden_owner) { FactoryBot.create(:member, login_name: 'hatupatu')                                    }
   let(:garden)       { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: garden_owner, name: 'Springfield Community Garden') }
-  let(:planting)     { FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: crop, garden: garden, owner: garden.owner)         }
+  let(:planting)     { FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop:, garden:, owner: garden.owner) }
 
   describe 'planting lifespan predictions' do
     context 'no predications data yet' do
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ describe Planting do
       # this is a method so it creates a new one each time
 
       def one_hundred_day_old_planting
-        FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop: crop, planted_at: 100.days.ago)
+        FactoryBot.create(:planting, crop:, planted_at: 100.days.ago)
       end
       before do
         # 50 days to harvest
@@ -141,20 +141,20 @@ describe Planting do
 
       it { expect(crop.median_days_to_first_harvest).to eq(20) }
       describe 'sets median time to harvest' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, planted_at: Time.zone.today }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop:, planted_at: Time.zone.today }
 
         it { expect(planting.first_harvest_predicted_at).to eq(Time.zone.today + 20.days) }
       end
 
       describe 'harvest still growing' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, planted_at: Time.zone.today }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop:, planted_at: Time.zone.today }
 
         it { expect(planting.before_harvest_time?).to eq true }
         it { expect(planting.harvest_time?).to eq false }
       end
 
       describe 'harvesting ready now' do
-        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop: crop, planted_at: 21.days.ago }
+        let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, crop:, planted_at: 21.days.ago }
 
         it { expect(planting.first_harvest_predicted_at).to eq(1.day.ago.to_date) }
         it { expect(planting.before_harvest_time?).to eq false }
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe Planting do
 
       before do
         FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
-                          planting:     planting,
+                          planting:,
                           crop:         planting.crop,
                           harvested_at: 10.days.ago)
         planting.update_harvest_days!
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ describe Planting do
       before do
         FactoryBot.create :harvest, planting: planting, crop: crop, harvested_at: '1 May 2019'
         FactoryBot.create :harvest, planting: planting, crop: crop, harvested_at: '18 June 2019'
-        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting: planting, crop: crop, harvested_at: '18 August 2019'
+        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting:, crop:, harvested_at: '18 August 2019'
       end
       it { expect(planting.harvest_months).to eq(5 => 1, 6 => 1, 8 => 4) }
     end
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ describe Planting do
         # Near by planting with harvests
         nearby_garden = FactoryBot.create :garden, location: 'Greenwich, UK'
         nearby_planting = FactoryBot.create(:planting,
-                                            crop:       crop,
+                                            crop:,
                                             garden:     nearby_garden,
                                             owner:      nearby_garden.owner,
                                             planted_at: '1 January 2000')
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ describe Planting do
         faraway_planting = FactoryBot.create :planting, garden: faraway_garden, crop: crop,
                                                         owner: faraway_garden.owner, planted_at: '16 May 2001'
 
-        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting: faraway_planting, crop: crop,
+        FactoryBot.create_list :harvest, 4, planting: faraway_planting, crop:,
                                             harvested_at: '18 December 2006'
       end
       it { expect(planting.harvest_months).to eq(5 => 1, 6 => 1, 8 => 4) }
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ describe Planting do
 
   context 'ancestry' do
     let(:parent_seed) { FactoryBot.create :seed }
-    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, parent_seed: parent_seed }
+    let(:planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting, parent_seed: }
 
     it "planting has a parent seed" do
       expect(planting.parent_seed).to eq(parent_seed)
diff --git a/spec/models/post_spec.rb b/spec/models/post_spec.rb
index e9f1c9406..542fb5b2f 100644
--- a/spec/models/post_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/post_spec.rb
@@ -19,22 +19,22 @@ describe Post do
 
   it "has many comments" do
     post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
-    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
-    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:)
     post.comments.size.should == 2
   end
 
   it "supports counting comments" do
     post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
-    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
-    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:)
     post.comment_count.should == 2
   end
 
   it "destroys comments when deleted" do
     post = FactoryBot.create(:post, author: member)
-    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
-    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:)
+    FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:)
     post.comments.size.should eq(2)
     all = Comment.count
     post.destroy
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ describe Post do
     end
 
     it "sets recent activity to comment time" do
-      comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:       post,
+      comment = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:,
                                             created_at: 1.hour.ago)
       post.recent_activity.to_i.should eq comment.created_at.to_i
     end
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ describe Post do
     it "new comment on old post is recently active" do
       # now comment on an older post
       post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, created_at: 1.minute.ago)
-      FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, created_at: 1.second.ago)
+      FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:, created_at: 1.second.ago)
       described_class.recently_active.first.should eq post
       described_class.recently_active.second.should eq post2
     end
diff --git a/spec/models/seed_spec.rb b/spec/models/seed_spec.rb
index a17837115..f1a86a59e 100644
--- a/spec/models/seed_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/seed_spec.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe Seed do
   let(:owner) { FactoryBot.create :owner, login_name: 'tamateapokaiwhenua' }
-  let(:seed)  { FactoryBot.build(:seed, owner: owner)                      }
+  let(:seed)  { FactoryBot.build(:seed, owner:) }
 
   it 'saves a basic seed' do
     seed.save.should be(true)
@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ describe Seed do
   end
 
   context 'ancestry' do
-    let(:parent_planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting                                                             }
-    let(:seed)            { FactoryBot.create :seed, parent_planting: parent_planting, owner: parent_planting.owner }
+    let(:parent_planting) { FactoryBot.create :planting }
+    let(:seed)            { FactoryBot.create :seed, parent_planting:, owner: parent_planting.owner }
 
     it "seed has a parent planting" do
       expect(seed.parent_planting).to eq(parent_planting)
diff --git a/spec/requests/api/v1/crop_request_spec.rb b/spec/requests/api/v1/crop_request_spec.rb
index 491b93c71..a1e9e2dcb 100644
--- a/spec/requests/api/v1/crop_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/api/v1/crop_request_spec.rb
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Crops', type: :request do
   end
 
   describe '#index' do
-    before { get '/api/v1/crops', params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get '/api/v1/crops', params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']).to include(crop_encoded_as_json_api) }
   end
 
   describe '#show' do
-    before { get "/api/v1/crops/#{crop.id}", params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get "/api/v1/crops/#{crop.id}", params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']['attributes']).to eq(attributes) }
     it { expect(subject['data']['relationships']).to include("plantings" => plantings_as_json_api) }
@@ -85,19 +85,19 @@ RSpec.describe 'Crops', type: :request do
 
   it '#create' do
     expect do
-      post '/api/v1/crops', params: { 'crop' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers: headers
+      post '/api/v1/crops', params: { 'crop' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#update' do
     expect do
-      post "/api/v1/crops/#{crop.id}", params: { 'crop' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers: headers
+      post "/api/v1/crops/#{crop.id}", params: { 'crop' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#delete' do
     expect do
-      delete "/api/v1/crops/#{crop.id}", params: {}, headers: headers
+      delete "/api/v1/crops/#{crop.id}", params: {}, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/requests/api/v1/gardens_request_spec.rb b/spec/requests/api/v1/gardens_request_spec.rb
index 9208fc2b7..ea21efefd 100644
--- a/spec/requests/api/v1/gardens_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/api/v1/gardens_request_spec.rb
@@ -52,19 +52,19 @@ RSpec.describe 'Gardens', type: :request do
 
   it '#create' do
     expect do
-      post '/api/v1/gardens', params: { 'garden' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers: headers
+      post '/api/v1/gardens', params: { 'garden' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#update' do
     expect do
-      post "/api/v1/gardens/#{garden.id}", params: { 'garden' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers: headers
+      post "/api/v1/gardens/#{garden.id}", params: { 'garden' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#delete' do
     expect do
-      delete "/api/v1/gardens/#{garden.id}", params: {}, headers: headers
+      delete "/api/v1/gardens/#{garden.id}", params: {}, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/requests/api/v1/harvest_request_spec.rb b/spec/requests/api/v1/harvest_request_spec.rb
index 33aebd68e..1c9a1660e 100644
--- a/spec/requests/api/v1/harvest_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/api/v1/harvest_request_spec.rb
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Harvests', type: :request do
   end
 
   describe '#index' do
-    before { get '/api/v1/harvests', params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get '/api/v1/harvests', params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']).to include(harvest_encoded_as_json_api) }
   end
 
   describe '#show' do
-    before { get "/api/v1/harvests/#{harvest.id}", params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get "/api/v1/harvests/#{harvest.id}", params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']['attributes']).to eq(attributes) }
     it { expect(subject['data']['relationships']).to include("planting" => planting_as_json_api) }
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Harvests', type: :request do
 
   it '#create' do
     expect do
-      put '/api/v1/harvests', headers: headers, params: {
+      put '/api/v1/harvests', headers:, params: {
         'harvest' => { 'description' => 'can i make this' }
       }
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Harvests', type: :request do
 
   it '#update' do
     expect do
-      post "/api/v1/harvests/#{harvest.id}", headers: headers, params: {
+      post "/api/v1/harvests/#{harvest.id}", headers:, params: {
         'harvest' => { 'description' => 'can i modify this' }
       }
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Harvests', type: :request do
 
   it '#delete' do
     expect do
-      delete "/api/v1/harvests/#{harvest.id}", headers: headers, params: {}
+      delete "/api/v1/harvests/#{harvest.id}", headers:, params: {}
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/requests/api/v1/member_request_spec.rb b/spec/requests/api/v1/member_request_spec.rb
index ae88f6c94..b276e5a03 100644
--- a/spec/requests/api/v1/member_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/api/v1/member_request_spec.rb
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Members', type: :request do
   end
 
   describe '#index' do
-    before { get '/api/v1/members', params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get '/api/v1/members', params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']).to include(member_encoded_as_json_api) }
   end
 
   describe '#show' do
-    before { get "/api/v1/members/#{member.id}", params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get "/api/v1/members/#{member.id}", params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']['relationships']).to include("gardens" => gardens_as_json_api) }
     it { expect(subject['data']['relationships']).to include("plantings" => plantings_as_json_api) }
@@ -79,22 +79,22 @@ RSpec.describe 'Members', type: :request do
 
   it '#create' do
     expect do
-      post '/api/v1/members', params: { 'member' => { 'login_name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers: headers
+      post '/api/v1/members', params: { 'member' => { 'login_name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#update' do
     expect do
       post "/api/v1/members/#{member.id}", params:  {
-        'member' => { 'login_name' => 'can i modify this' }
-      },
-                                           headers: headers
+                                             'member' => { 'login_name' => 'can i modify this' }
+                                           },
+                                           headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#delete' do
     expect do
-      delete "/api/v1/members/#{member.id}", params: {}, headers: headers
+      delete "/api/v1/members/#{member.id}", params: {}, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/requests/api/v1/photos_request_spec.rb b/spec/requests/api/v1/photos_request_spec.rb
index 069521469..beae980e4 100644
--- a/spec/requests/api/v1/photos_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/api/v1/photos_request_spec.rb
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Photos', type: :request do
   end
 
   describe '#index' do
-    before { get '/api/v1/photos', params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get '/api/v1/photos', params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']).to include(photo_encoded_as_json_api) }
   end
 
   describe '#show' do
-    before { get "/api/v1/photos/#{photo.id}", params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get "/api/v1/photos/#{photo.id}", params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']['attributes']).to eq(attributes) }
     it { expect(subject['data']['relationships']).to include("plantings" => plantings_as_json_api) }
@@ -75,19 +75,19 @@ RSpec.describe 'Photos', type: :request do
 
   it '#create' do
     expect do
-      post '/api/v1/photos', params: { 'photo' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers: headers
+      post '/api/v1/photos', params: { 'photo' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#update' do
     expect do
-      post "/api/v1/photos/#{photo.id}", params: { 'photo' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers: headers
+      post "/api/v1/photos/#{photo.id}", params: { 'photo' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#delete' do
     expect do
-      delete "/api/v1/photos/#{photo.id}", params: {}, headers: headers
+      delete "/api/v1/photos/#{photo.id}", params: {}, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/requests/api/v1/plantings_request_spec.rb b/spec/requests/api/v1/plantings_request_spec.rb
index 3adb0d0b0..4e0399816 100644
--- a/spec/requests/api/v1/plantings_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/api/v1/plantings_request_spec.rb
@@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Plantings', type: :request do
 
   it '#create' do
     expect do
-      post '/api/v1/plantings', params: { 'planting' => { 'description' => 'can i make this' } }, headers: headers
+      post '/api/v1/plantings', params: { 'planting' => { 'description' => 'can i make this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#update' do
     expect do
-      post "/api/v1/plantings/#{planting.id}", headers: headers, params: {
+      post "/api/v1/plantings/#{planting.id}", headers:, params: {
         'planting' => { 'description' => 'can i modify this' }
       }
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'Plantings', type: :request do
 
   it '#delete' do
     expect do
-      delete "/api/v1/plantings/#{planting.id}", params: {}, headers: headers
+      delete "/api/v1/plantings/#{planting.id}", params: {}, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/requests/api/v1/seeds_request_spec.rb b/spec/requests/api/v1/seeds_request_spec.rb
index a9f093efc..b2d8cc0cb 100644
--- a/spec/requests/api/v1/seeds_request_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/api/v1/seeds_request_spec.rb
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ RSpec.describe 'Photos', type: :request do
   end
 
   describe '#index' do
-    before { get '/api/v1/seeds', params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get '/api/v1/seeds', params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']).to include(seed_encoded_as_json_api) }
   end
 
   describe '#show' do
-    before { get "/api/v1/seeds/#{seed.id}", params: {}, headers: headers }
+    before { get "/api/v1/seeds/#{seed.id}", params: {}, headers: }
 
     it { expect(subject['data']['attributes']).to eq(attributes) }
     it { expect(subject['data']['relationships']).to include("owner" => owner_as_json_api) }
@@ -63,19 +63,19 @@ RSpec.describe 'Photos', type: :request do
 
   it '#create' do
     expect do
-      post '/api/v1/seeds', params: { 'seed' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers: headers
+      post '/api/v1/seeds', params: { 'seed' => { 'name' => 'can i make this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#update' do
     expect do
-      post "/api/v1/seeds/#{seed.id}", params: { 'seed' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers: headers
+      post "/api/v1/seeds/#{seed.id}", params: { 'seed' => { 'name' => 'can i modify this' } }, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 
   it '#delete' do
     expect do
-      delete "/api/v1/seeds/#{seed.id}", params: {}, headers: headers
+      delete "/api/v1/seeds/#{seed.id}", params: {}, headers:
     end.to raise_error ActionController::RoutingError
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb
index d5445c5b5..1c120f337 100644
--- a/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/crops/_grown_for.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ describe "crops/_grown_for" do
   let(:plant_path) { FactoryBot.create(:plant_part) }
   let!(:harvest) do
     FactoryBot.create(:harvest,
-                      crop:       crop,
+                      crop:,
                       plant_part: plant_path)
   end
 
   it 'shows plant parts' do
-    render partial: 'crops/grown_for', locals: { crop: crop }
+    render partial: 'crops/grown_for', locals: { crop: }
     rendered.should have_content plant_path.name
     assert_select "a", href: plant_part_path(plant_path)
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 74a0684a2..d643c4cec 100644
--- a/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/forums/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ describe "forums/index" do
 
   context "posts" do
     let!(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, forum: forum1) }
-    let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post) }
+    let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:) }
     before { render }
 
     describe "displays posts" do
diff --git a/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb
index 02dd6e9ff..d2b19d51f 100644
--- a/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/home/_seeds.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 require 'rails_helper'
 
 describe 'home/_seeds.html.haml', type: "view", search: true do
-  let!(:seed) { FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner: owner) }
+  let!(:seed) { FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner:) }
   let(:owner) { FactoryBot.create(:london_member) }
   before do
     Seed.searchkick_index.refresh
diff --git a/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb
index 0ab04f478..ef26024af 100644
--- a/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/members/_location.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ describe "members/_location" do
   context "member with location" do
     let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:london_member) }
 
-    before { render partial: 'members/location', locals: { member: member } }
+    before { render partial: 'members/location', locals: { member: } }
 
     it 'shows location if available' do
       expect(rendered).to have_content member.location
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ describe "members/_location" do
   context "member with no location" do
     before do
       member = FactoryBot.create(:member)
-      render partial: 'members/location', locals: { member: member }
+      render partial: 'members/location', locals: { member: }
     end
 
     it 'shows unknown location' do
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb
index 3a69a9bc2..82964fd48 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/index.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ describe "plantings/index.html.haml" do
     plantings = WillPaginate::Collection.create(page, per_page, total_entries) do |pager|
       pager.replace([
                       FactoryBot.create(:planting,
-                                        garden: garden,
+                                        garden:,
                                         crop:   tomato,
                                         owner:  member),
                       FactoryBot.create(:planting,
-                                        garden:      garden,
+                                        garden:,
                                         crop:        maize,
                                         owner:       garden.owner,
                                         description: '',
                                         planted_at:  Time.zone.local(2013, 1, 13)),
                       FactoryBot.create(:planting,
-                                        garden:      garden,
+                                        garden:,
                                         owner:       garden.owner,
                                         crop:        tomato,
                                         planted_at:  Time.zone.local(2013, 1, 13),
diff --git a/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 5d7161e89..8281092f3 100644
--- a/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/plantings/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ describe "plantings/show" do
   let(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member)                }
   let(:garden) { FactoryBot.create(:garden, owner: member) }
   let(:planting) do
-    FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden: garden, crop: crop,
+    FactoryBot.create(:planting, garden:, crop:,
                                  owner: garden.owner,
                                  planted_from: 'cutting')
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
index 055de59e2..4efd72b2b 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/index.rss.haml_spec.rb
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ describe 'posts/index.rss.haml', type: "view" do
   before do
     controller.stub(:current_user) { nil }
     author = FactoryBot.create(:member)
-    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:post, id: 1, author: author, body: 'This is some text.')
-    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, id: 2, author: author)
+    @post1 = FactoryBot.create(:post, id: 1, author:, body: 'This is some text.')
+    @post2 = FactoryBot.create(:post, id: 2, author:)
     assign(:posts, [@post1, @post2])
     render
   end
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
index 3e5e0efca..a40755f5a 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/new.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ describe "posts/new" do
   let(:author) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
   before do
-    assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author))
+    assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post, author:))
     # assign(:forum, Forum.new)
     sign_in author
     controller.stub(:current_user) { author }
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ describe "posts/new" do
 
     before do
       assign(:forum, forum)
-      assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post, forum: forum))
+      assign(:post, FactoryBot.create(:post, forum:))
       render
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index e40918c19..5bfc31eff 100644
--- a/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/posts/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ describe "posts/show" do
     before { render }
 
     describe "basic post" do
-      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author, body: 'hello there') }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author:, body: 'hello there') }
 
       # show the name of the member who posted the post
       it { is_expected.to have_text author.login_name }
@@ -28,40 +28,40 @@ describe "posts/show" do
     end
 
     describe "should parse markdown into html" do
-      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:markdown_post, author: author) }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:markdown_post, author:) }
 
       it { assert_select "strong", "strong" }
     end
 
     describe "shouldn't let html through in body" do
-      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author, body: '<a href="http://evil.com">EVIL</a>') }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author:, body: '<a href="http://evil.com">EVIL</a>') }
 
       it { is_expected.to have_content('EVIL') }
       it { is_expected.not_to have_link("http://evil.com") }
     end
 
     describe 'script tag in post body' do
-      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author, body: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author:, body: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
 
       it { is_expected.not_to have_selector('script') }
     end
 
     describe 'script tag in post title' do
-      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author, subject: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author:, subject: "<script>alert('hakker!')</script>") }
 
       it { is_expected.not_to have_selector('script') }
     end
 
     describe 'has an anchor to the comments' do
-      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author) }
+      let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author:) }
 
       it { is_expected.to have_selector('a[name=comments]') }
     end
   end
 
   context "when there is one comment" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:html_post, author: author) }
-    let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:html_post, author:) }
+    let!(:comment) { FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:) }
 
     before do
       @comments = post.comments
@@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ describe "posts/show" do
   end
 
   context "when there is more than one comment" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:html_post, author: author) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:html_post, author:) }
 
     before do
-      @comment1 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "F1rst!!!",
+      @comment1 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:, body: "F1rst!!!",
                                               created_at: Date.new(2010, 5, 17))
-      @comment3 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "Th1rd!!!",
+      @comment3 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:, body: "Th1rd!!!",
                                               created_at: Date.new(2012, 5, 17))
-      @comment4 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "F0urth!!!")
-      @comment2 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post: post, body: "S3c0nd!!1!",
+      @comment4 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:, body: "F0urth!!!")
+      @comment2 = FactoryBot.create(:comment, post:, body: "S3c0nd!!1!",
                                               created_at: Date.new(2011, 5, 17))
       @comments = post.comments
       render
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ describe "posts/show" do
   end
 
   context "forum post" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, author: author) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:forum_post, author:) }
 
     before { render }
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ describe "posts/show" do
   end
 
   context "signed in" do
-    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author: author) }
+    let(:post) { FactoryBot.create(:post, author:) }
 
     before do
       sign_in author
diff --git a/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb b/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb
index 2cc9fe146..77ae4cbe3 100644
--- a/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/views/seeds/show.html.haml_spec.rb
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ describe "seeds/show" do
   context "tradable" do
     context 'with location' do
       let!(:owner) { FactoryBot.create(:london_member) }
-      let!(:seed)   { FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner: owner) }
-      let!(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member)                      }
+      let!(:seed)   { FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner:) }
+      let!(:member) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
 
       before do
         assign(:seed, seed)
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe "seeds/show" do
     context 'with no location' do
       # no location
       let(:owner) { FactoryBot.create(:member) }
-      let!(:seed) { FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner: owner) }
+      let!(:seed) { FactoryBot.create(:tradable_seed, owner:) }
 
       before do
         sign_in owner