Resolve language-file conflicts by taking master's English-removal
cleanup across non-English locales, while stripping the MailChimp
keys master reintroduced (already moved to MailchimpPlugin on this
branch) and reapplying this branch's plugins/integrations rename and
new Module.php plugins keys where master lacked them.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
