diff --git a/pnpm/crates/cli/src/cli_args/exec.rs b/pnpm/crates/cli/src/cli_args/exec.rs
index 0979a2186a..72ddee327a 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/cli/src/cli_args/exec.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/cli/src/cli_args/exec.rs
@@ -178,10 +178,8 @@ pub(super) fn spawn_in_dir(
     // when no `userAgent` is configured (makeEnv.ts:30). pacquet has
     // no `userAgent` setting yet, so it always takes that default.
     cmd.env("npm_config_user_agent", "pnpm");
-    // A nested `pnpm run` / `pnpm exec` inside the command must skip
-    // the verify-deps-before-run check (same stamp as the lifecycle
-    // env builder; the env var outranks every other config source).
-    cmd.env("pnpm_config_verify_deps_before_run", "false");
+    // Same recursion-guard stamp as the lifecycle env builder.
+    cmd.env(pacquet_executor::VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN_ENV, "false");
     if let Some(name) = read_package_name(dir) {
         cmd.env("PNPM_PACKAGE_NAME", name);
     }
diff --git a/pnpm/crates/cli/src/config_overrides.rs b/pnpm/crates/cli/src/config_overrides.rs
index cd6eed7c03..91c1d51740 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/cli/src/config_overrides.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/cli/src/config_overrides.rs
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ impl ConfigOverrides {
 }
 
 fn verify_deps_env_is_set() -> bool {
-    ["PNPM_CONFIG_VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN", "pnpm_config_verify_deps_before_run"]
+    ["PNPM_CONFIG_VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN", pacquet_executor::VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN_ENV]
         .iter()
         .any(|name| std::env::var(name).is_ok_and(|value| !value.is_empty()))
 }
diff --git a/pnpm/crates/cli/tests/verify_deps_before_run.rs b/pnpm/crates/cli/tests/verify_deps_before_run.rs
index 52ee3efc26..c30d61efc9 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/cli/tests/verify_deps_before_run.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/cli/tests/verify_deps_before_run.rs
@@ -42,10 +42,6 @@ fn default_install_action_installs_before_running_the_script() {
     drop(root);
 }
 
-/// `error` fails a fresh project ("Cannot check whether dependencies
-/// are outdated"), passes after an install, still passes after an
-/// mtime-only manifest rewrite, and fails again once the manifest no
-/// longer matches the lockfile.
 #[cfg(unix)]
 #[test]
 fn error_action_follows_the_dependency_state() {
@@ -84,6 +80,27 @@ fn error_action_follows_the_dependency_state() {
         .assert()
         .success();
 
+    // Deleting pnpm-lock.yaml in a dependency-less project leaves no
+    // current lockfile to stand in for it, so the check fails like
+    // pnpm's RUN_CHECK_DEPS_LOCKFILE_NOT_FOUND — and the pre-run check
+    // must not recreate the file (pnpm's run path never restores the
+    // lockfile; only the install command does).
+    fs::remove_file(workspace.join("pnpm-lock.yaml")).expect("remove pnpm-lock.yaml");
+    let output = pacquet_in(&workspace)
+        .with_args(["--config.verify-deps-before-run=error", "run", "hello"])
+        .output()
+        .expect("spawn pacquet run");
+    let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+    eprintln!("STDERR:\n{stderr}\n");
+    assert!(!output.status.success(), "a missing lockfile must fail");
+    assert!(stderr.contains("Cannot find a lockfile in"), "expected the lockfile error:\n{stderr}");
+    assert!(
+        !workspace.join("pnpm-lock.yaml").exists(),
+        "the pre-run check must not write pnpm-lock.yaml",
+    );
+    pacquet_in(&workspace).with_arg("install").assert().success();
+    assert!(workspace.join("pnpm-lock.yaml").exists(), "install must restore the lockfile");
+
     // A manifest that no longer matches the lockfile must fail again.
     let mut manifest: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(
         &fs::read_to_string(workspace.join("package.json")).expect("read package.json"),
@@ -213,6 +230,49 @@ fn env_var_outranks_the_cli_config_override() {
     drop(root);
 }
 
+/// The exec path stamps the same recursion guard as the lifecycle env
+/// builder.
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn exec_children_get_the_check_disabled_through_their_env() {
+    let CommandTempCwd { pacquet, root, workspace, .. } = CommandTempCwd::init();
+    write_manifest(&workspace, &workspace.join("marker.txt"));
+
+    pacquet
+        .with_args([
+            "--config.verify-deps-before-run=false",
+            "exec",
+            "sh",
+            "-c",
+            r#"[ "$pnpm_config_verify_deps_before_run" = "false" ]"#,
+        ])
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+
+    drop(root);
+}
+
+/// pnpm assigns the `pnpm_config_verify_deps_before_run` env var
+/// verbatim, so an unrecognized value is truthy there: the check runs
+/// but matches no action, and the script proceeds.
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn unrecognized_env_value_checks_without_acting() {
+    let CommandTempCwd { pacquet, root, workspace, .. } = CommandTempCwd::init();
+    let marker = workspace.join("marker.txt");
+    write_manifest(&workspace, &marker);
+
+    pacquet
+        .with_env("pnpm_config_verify_deps_before_run", "definitely-not-an-action")
+        .with_args(["--config.verify-deps-before-run=error", "run", "hello"])
+        .assert()
+        .success();
+    assert!(marker.exists(), "the script must run");
+    assert!(!workspace.join("node_modules").exists(), "no action may fire");
+
+    drop(root);
+}
+
 /// `pnpm exec` runs the same gate as `pnpm run`.
 #[cfg(unix)]
 #[test]
diff --git a/pnpm/crates/config/src/env_overlay.rs b/pnpm/crates/config/src/env_overlay.rs
index b32fafbe96..5bb7e10e7a 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/config/src/env_overlay.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/config/src/env_overlay.rs
@@ -202,7 +202,17 @@ impl WorkspaceSettings {
         json_field!(trust_lockfile, "TRUST_LOCKFILE");
         enum_field!(trust_policy, "TRUST_POLICY", TrustPolicy);
         enum_field!(pm_on_fail, "PM_ON_FAIL", PmOnFail);
-        enum_field!(verify_deps_before_run, "VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN", VerifyDepsBeforeRun);
+        // pnpm assigns this env var verbatim without validation, so an
+        // unrecognized value is truthy there: the check runs but matches
+        // no action. `True` reproduces that, and keeps a present-but-
+        // invalid value overriding the other config layers the way a
+        // valid one does.
+        if let Some(s) = read_env::<Sys>("VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN") {
+            settings.verify_deps_before_run = Some(
+                parse_json_or_string::<VerifyDepsBeforeRun>(&s)
+                    .unwrap_or(VerifyDepsBeforeRun::True),
+            );
+        }
         enum_field!(audit_level, "AUDIT_LEVEL", AuditLevel);
         json_field!(audit_config, "AUDIT_CONFIG");
         json_field!(trust_policy_exclude, "TRUST_POLICY_EXCLUDE");
diff --git a/pnpm/crates/executor/src/lib.rs b/pnpm/crates/executor/src/lib.rs
index f4bb36f18c..235d834adf 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/executor/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/executor/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pub use lifecycle::{
     LifecycleScriptError, PROJECT_LIFECYCLE_STAGES, RunPostinstallHooks, push_script_arg,
     run_lifecycle_hook, run_postinstall_hooks, run_project_lifecycle_scripts,
 };
-pub use make_env::{EnvBuild, EnvOptions, build_env};
+pub use make_env::{EnvBuild, EnvOptions, VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN_ENV, build_env};
 pub use run_script::{RunScript, RunScriptError, run_script};
 pub use shell::{ScriptShellError, SelectedShell, select_shell};
 
diff --git a/pnpm/crates/executor/src/make_env.rs b/pnpm/crates/executor/src/make_env.rs
index 073fa5b847..89357ae65b 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/executor/src/make_env.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/executor/src/make_env.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ use std::{
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
 };
 
+/// Env var pnpm stamps as `false` into every spawned script and exec
+/// child so a nested `pnpm run` / `pnpm exec` skips the
+/// verify-deps-before-run check; the config layer reads it back with
+/// priority over every other source of that setting (pnpm/pnpm#10060).
+pub const VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN_ENV: &str = "pnpm_config_verify_deps_before_run";
+
 /// Inputs needed to build the env for a single lifecycle hook spawn:
 /// the package context, the per-call stamps the hook runner adds, and
 /// the caller-supplied `extra_env` overrides.
@@ -94,12 +100,9 @@ pub fn build_env(
         env.insert("npm_config_user_agent".into(), ua.to_string());
     }
 
-    // A nested `pnpm run` / `pnpm exec` inside a script must skip the
-    // verify-deps-before-run check — this env var outranks every other
-    // source of that setting on the config side, breaking the recursion
-    // a spawned install's lifecycle scripts would otherwise enter
-    // (pnpm stamps the same value via `config.extraEnv`).
-    env.insert("pnpm_config_verify_deps_before_run".into(), "false".into());
+    // Breaks the recursion a spawned install's lifecycle scripts would
+    // otherwise enter (pnpm stamps the same value via `config.extraEnv`).
+    env.insert(VERIFY_DEPS_BEFORE_RUN_ENV.into(), "false".into());
 
     // 4. `extra_env` is applied last among the base env writes, so it
     //    overrides anything stamped above.
diff --git a/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/install.rs b/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/install.rs
index 7498406425..e797b9e1eb 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/install.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/install.rs
@@ -2394,6 +2394,13 @@ pub fn check_deps_status_before_run_at(
         },
         None => None,
     };
+    // pnpm reports "cannot check" straight from the missing workspace
+    // state, before any project discovery — a fresh project (the common
+    // out-of-sync case) must not pay for the workspace-projects walk
+    // only to reach the same verdict inside the check.
+    if !matches!(pacquet_workspace_state::load_workspace_state(&workspace_root), Ok(Some(_))) {
+        return cannot_check();
+    }
     let catalogs = match config.catalogs.clone() {
         Some(catalogs) => catalogs,
         None => match get_catalogs_from_workspace_manifest(workspace_manifest.as_ref()) {
diff --git a/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/optimistic_repeat_install.rs b/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/optimistic_repeat_install.rs
index f673e4de7b..38003867fc 100644
--- a/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/optimistic_repeat_install.rs
+++ b/pnpm/crates/package-manager/src/optimistic_repeat_install.rs
@@ -1469,18 +1469,18 @@ pub fn check_deps_status_before_run(check: &OptimisticRepeatInstallCheck<'_>) ->
     }
 
     if modified.is_empty() && !lockfile_modified {
-        return match regenerate_wanted_lockfile_if_missing(check, None) {
+        return match missing_wanted_lockfile_stand_in_ok(check) {
             Ok(()) => RunDepsStatus::UpToDate,
-            Err(reason) => outdated(reason.to_string()),
+            Err(reason) => outdated(reason),
         };
     }
 
     let projects_to_check: Vec<&ManifestStat<'_>> =
         if lockfile_modified { manifest_stats.iter().collect() } else { modified };
     match modified_manifests_match_lockfile(check, &state, &projects_to_check) {
-        Ok(loaded_current) => {
-            if let Err(reason) = regenerate_wanted_lockfile_if_missing(check, loaded_current) {
-                return outdated(reason.to_string());
+        Ok(_) => {
+            if let Err(reason) = missing_wanted_lockfile_stand_in_ok(check) {
+                return outdated(reason);
             }
             if is_workspace_install {
                 let mut new_state = crate::install::build_workspace_state(
@@ -1512,6 +1512,25 @@ pub fn check_deps_status_before_run(check: &OptimisticRepeatInstallCheck<'_>) ->
     }
 }
 
+/// Read-only twin of [`regenerate_wanted_lockfile_if_missing`] for the
+/// run gate: pnpm's run-path check never writes `pnpm-lock.yaml` (only
+/// the install command restores it from the current lockfile), so a
+/// missing wanted lockfile passes exactly when the current lockfile can
+/// stand in for it, and the check leaves the workspace untouched.
+fn missing_wanted_lockfile_stand_in_ok(
+    check: &OptimisticRepeatInstallCheck<'_>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    if check.lockfile.is_loaded_or_on_disk() || !check.config.lockfile {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    match Lockfile::load_current_from_virtual_store_dir(&check.config.virtual_store_dir) {
+        Ok(Some(_)) => Ok(()),
+        Ok(None) | Err(_) => {
+            Err(format!("Cannot find a lockfile in {}", check.workspace_root.display()))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The `pnpm install` arguments reproducing the dependency groups the
 /// workspace state recorded, so the `install` / `prompt` actions rerun
 /// the same kind of install the project last had (pnpm's