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Jamie Pineandcapy-ai-staging[bot] f9bdf724b6 Library join: fix inverted backfill, catch-up loop, reverse device registration, member totals (#3110)
* Networking: serve streams on connections a protocol dials

The connection cache is shared between the dial side and the accept side,
so once a protocol dials a peer, the peer's own send path finds that
connection and opens its streams on it. Nothing read those streams: only
connections the event loop accepted, or those the reconnect loop handed
over, had a stream handler. The peer's request then sat unanswered until
its 30 s timeout while requests in the other direction answered in
milliseconds. This is the reverse RegisterDeviceRequest timeout SPAC-12
saw after join-remote.

get_or_create_connection now hands every connection it dials to the
event loop as TrackOutboundConnection, which spawns the same stream
handler an inbound connection gets. Messaging, sync, and job activity
pass their event loop handle; pairing keeps its own connection handling.

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Sync: the device that joins a library is the one that backfills

Every sync service started Uninitialized and backfilled from the first
connected partner, whatever state it already held. When the Mac Studio
joined the MacBook's library the MacBook was the one with a partner in
its device table, so it went Uninitialized -> Backfilling{Studio} and
applied the empty copy's snapshot over its own rows (LWW on the
deterministic default-space UUID). The Studio never backfilled because
the reverse registration had timed out and its device table held only
itself.

A copy of a library created from another device's library is the only
thing that may start Uninitialized. create_library_with_id now writes an
initial_backfill_pending marker into sync.db; PeerSync reads it on open
and starts Ready otherwise. A Ready device never requests a snapshot
(SharedChangeRequest.include_snapshot = false on catch-up) and repeated
catch-up failures no longer escalate to a full backfill. A copy still
waiting for its own first backfill refuses to serve as a join target.

The join carries the rule explicitly: RegisterDeviceRequest has
needs_initial_state, and RegisterDeviceResponse returns the responder's
own device record so the joiner's table is complete when the command
returns, replacing the spawned reverse request. sync_setup fails
instead of reporting devices_registered: true when that record is
missing.

Catch-up completion is recorded per peer in sync.db even when no rows
arrived; the Ready loop catches up once with a peer it has no record
for and no longer re-polls every peer whose watermark is 60 s old. A
missing watermark means never synced, not ancient, so the forced full
sync warning only fires for a real watermark past retention.

library_join_test pairs two daemons for real, joins Bob to Alice's
library, and asserts Alice's rows are unchanged, Bob holds Alice's
device row and spaces, and Alice runs no further catch-ups.

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Sync: test that catch-up with an empty peer runs once

Alice holds a volume, Bob holds nothing of his own, so Alice never
writes a per-resource watermark for Bob. Before the per-peer catch-up
record, that made Bob a new peer on every loop iteration and Alice
caught up with him forever (2 -> 5 sessions in 16 s on 5e285d3). The
test asserts the session count stops moving and the record exists.
Both new suites join the xtask integration list.

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Library info: fleet totals count the same devices as device_count

add_device_summaries added every cached peer summary to a library's
statistics, whatever library the peer belonged to, and the summaries
carried no source count. A joined device therefore reported the member's
3 million files next to Sources 0 and Devices 1.

Summaries now carry the device's own source_count, and only summaries
of devices in the library's device table are added, so files, content,
sources, and capacity describe the members that device_count counts.
The CLI labels the block "Statistics (all library members)".

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Docs: describe the pairing and library join flow as it runs

pairing.mdx and devices.mdx described a confirmation prompt that does
not exist and pointed at `sd devices list` for pairing status, which
reads the library's device table and does not show a peer until it
joins the library. The CLI overview lacked the global `--device` flag,
and the sync setup walkthrough never named `library sync-setup
--action join-remote` or `--node-id`. All four now describe the flow
SPAC-12 ran, and library-sync.mdx gains sections on joining, catch-up,
and fleet totals. One PROJECT_STATUS register row.

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Sync: catch up once per connection session, never serve a snapshot while pending

Review of #3110 found two gaps. The per-peer catch-up record was never
cleared, so a peer that changed rows while disconnected was never caught
up with again after reconnecting (the live broadcast only lives in the
in-memory retry queue). The record is now cleared when the sync service
starts and when the peer's connection is lost; ConnectionEstablished is
not used because the event loop emits it per accepted stream.

The SharedChangeRequest handler attached a full snapshot without
checking the first-backfill marker, so two copies that both joined from
the same member could seed each other. It now refuses the snapshot while
pending, and the register handler reads the marker from sync.db directly
when the library's sync service is not up yet.

Also: a failed backfill or catch-up left active_backfill_sessions
incremented; the mock transport no longer lists a peer as a partner
before its sync service is registered; the catch-up test now starts
Alice Ready (marker cleared) and Bob pending, the shape of a real join,
and asserts exactly one catch-up and one backfill.

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Sync: move past a peer that refuses a snapshot, fail the guard closed, refresh stale catch-ups

A joiner whose chosen peer refused the snapshot kept choosing it: every
partner was scored has_complete_state: true and RTT is only recorded on
success, so the order never changed. A peer whose backfill failed now
scores without complete state until a backfill succeeds, so a connected
member holding the library is tried next.

The snapshot guard read an unreadable marker as "holds state"; it now
refuses, since a wrong refusal only delays a join.

A broadcast whose retries ran out while the QUIC session stayed up had
no recovery under the once-per-session rule. The Ready loop refreshes a
catch-up record older than ten minutes; with per-peer watermarks an
empty refresh is two small requests.

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: capy-ai-staging[bot] <305915985+capy-ai-staging[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-10-05 10:35:00 +00:00

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---
title: Devices
description: Runtime identity, pairing, availability, and grants
sidebarTitle: Devices
---
A device is one Spacedrive runtime identity. It represents a daemon that can
open libraries, observe volumes, serve sources, execute jobs, and connect to
peers.
A device does not own file identity merely because a drive is currently mounted
there. Sources and volumes retain their own identity when they move.
## Device identity
Each instance creates a cryptographic identity on first run. The public identity
names the peer on the network. Private key material remains in the local key
store.
Renaming a device changes its display label, not its identity. Reinstalling
without restoring keys creates a new device that must be paired again.
## Device state
The library distinguishes membership from current network state:
| State | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered | Visible on the local network but not trusted |
| Pairing | Completing a user-approved trust exchange |
| Paired | Known and eligible for granted library access |
| Connected | Reachable through an authenticated session |
| Offline | Still paired but not currently reachable |
| Revoked | No longer authorized for future sessions |
An offline device remains in the library so source provenance and job history
do not disappear.
## Pairing
Pairing proves that two instances were approved by a person with the short code
shown on one of them. The devices exchange identities and record the
relationship as soon as the code is verified; neither side prompts again.
Pairing does not grant blanket filesystem access and does not add the device to
any library. Library membership is a second step.
~~~bash
sd-cli network pair generate
sd-cli network pair join "<PAIRING_CODE>"
sd-cli network devices
sd-cli library sync-setup discover <REMOTE_DEVICE_ID>
sd-cli library sync-setup setup --local-library <LOCAL_LIBRARY_ID> \
--remote-device <REMOTE_DEVICE_ID> --remote-library <LIBRARY_ID> \
--action join-remote --name "<LIBRARY_NAME>"
sd-cli devices list
~~~
`network devices` shows pairing state. `devices list` shows the current
library's members and is empty of the peer until the join completes. See
[Device Pairing](/core/pairing) for the protocol and
[Library Sync](/core/library-sync#joining-an-existing-library) for the join.
## What a device can serve
An authorized device can expose:
- its hardware and mounted volumes;
- source queries and search;
- snapshots and catalog projections;
- byte ranges and previews;
- durable operation status;
- job and daemon logs;
- mounts and scoped shares.
Every request is checked against the authenticated device and current grant.
The same checks apply when the caller is another UI, a script, or an agent.
## Volumes and source authority
A device observes mounted volumes and hosts the volume arena. A filesystem
source uses whichever authorized device currently has valid access to its
origin.
Source generation authority is explicit. Moving a drive to another device does
not require rewriting every record. The new attachment is recorded, the source
root resolves against it, and authority transfers through a visible handoff.
## Revocation
Revoking a device prevents new authenticated sessions and removes its active
grants. Other devices retain:
- the device identity and audit history;
- references needed for provenance;
- source stores or caches already copied under prior permission;
- conflicts and unacknowledged operations.
Revocation cannot recall bytes that were previously shared. Use narrow scopes
and retention policy when data should not persist on a client.
## Lost devices
Marking a device lost records the event without erasing it. The library can
then:
- revoke network access;
- identify sources last served by that device;
- report protection gaps;
- rotate relevant share secrets;
- guide recovery from another source store or file copy.
Device loss and source loss are related but separate. A portable drive may
survive its old host. A source store replicated elsewhere may preserve evidence
even when both are gone.
## Related systems
- [Networking](/core/networking) describes peer transport.
- [Library Sync](/core/library-sync) describes state exchanged by devices.
- [Volumes](/core/volumes) describes storage identity and attachment.