cmd/tailscale/cli: add a debug command to print the statedir

Example:

```console
$ tailscale debug statedir
/tmp/ts/node1
```

Updates #18019

Change-Id: I7c93c94179bd7b56d0fa8fe57a9129df05c2c1df
Signed-off-by: Alex Chan <alexc@tailscale.com>
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