.github/workflows: add tailcat cross-repo breakage early warning tests

Add a workflow that checks out tailscale/tailcat alongside this repo and
runs its tests in a go.work workspace where tailscale.com resolves to the
tailscale.com repo at head instead of tailcat's pinned version. This gives
us an early warning when a change here breaks tailcat's API or behavior
expectations. Such a failure might be fine if the change is intentional
and coordinated with a tailcat fix, but the goal is to catch accidents.

Updates tailscale/corp#24454

Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Change-Id: I0566437ee86bd0403c708b2f44e7ef169abf2570
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