ssh/tailssh: remove unused public key support

When we first made Tailscale SSH, we assumed people would want public
key support soon after. Turns out that hasn't been the case; people
love the Tailscale identity authentication and check mode.

In light of CVE-2024-45337, just remove all our public key code to not
distract people, and to make the code smaller. We can always get it
back from git if needed.

Updates tailscale/corp#25131
Updates golang/go#70779

Co-authored-by: Percy Wegmann <percy@tailscale.com>
Change-Id: I87a6e79c2215158766a81942227a18b247333c22
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
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