netcheck,portmapper,magicsock: ignore some UDP write errors on Linux

Treat UDP send EPERM errors as a lost UDP packet, not something super
fatal. That's just the Linux firewall preventing it from going out.

And add a leaf package net/neterror for that (and future) policy that
all three packages can share, with tests.

Updates #3619

Change-Id: Ibdb838c43ee9efe70f4f25f7fc7fdf4607ba9c1d
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
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