health: add Tracker type, in prep for removing global variables

This moves most of the health package global variables to a new
`health.Tracker` type.

But then rather than plumbing the Tracker in tsd.System everywhere,
this only goes halfway and makes one new global Tracker
(`health.Global`) that all the existing callers now use.

A future change will eliminate that global.

Updates #11874
Updates #4136

Change-Id: I6ee27e0b2e35f68cb38fecdb3b2dc4c3f2e09d68
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
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