matchAcceptEnvPattern recursively retried each '*' suffix, which is
exponential in the number of '*'s in an acceptEnv pattern (2.7s observed
on a 400-byte crafted variable name). Replace it with an iterative
matcher that only backtracks to the most recent '*', preserving the
exact OpenSSH-style glob semantics. Cross-check it against a naive
backtracking reference over random inputs, and pin the crafted
backtracking case as a timing regression test.
Updates tailscale/corp#50380
Signed-off-by: James Tucker <james@tailscale.com>