diff --git a/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/bulk-send/bulk-csv.ts b/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/bulk-send/bulk-csv.ts
index ae0e4fa..91428c3 100644
--- a/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/bulk-send/bulk-csv.ts
+++ b/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/bulk-send/bulk-csv.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 // Pure CSV / template logic for bulk send. No React and no network, so the
 // rules that decide who actually receives a message are directly testable.
 
+import { isPlausiblePhone, normalizePhone } from '@/lib/sms'
+
 export type CsvRow = Record<string, string>
 
 export type RecipientRow = {
@@ -80,32 +82,6 @@ export function detectRecipientColumn(columns: string[]): string | undefined {
   return undefined
 }
 
-/**
- * Strip formatting so "+1 (415) 555-0101" and "+14155550101" are recognised as
- * the same recipient for duplicate detection.
- */
-export function normalizePhone(value: string): string {
-  const trimmed = value.trim()
-  const hasPlus = trimmed.startsWith('+')
-  const digits = trimmed.replace(/\D/g, '')
-  return hasPlus ? `+${digits}` : digits
-}
-
-/**
- * Permissive validity check. The gateway is the real authority on whether a
- * number can be reached, so this only rejects input that cannot possibly be a
- * phone number, rather than enforcing a strict E.164 shape that would block
- * legitimate local formats.
- */
-export function isPlausiblePhone(value: string): boolean {
-  const normalized = normalizePhone(value)
-  const digits = normalized.replace(/\D/g, '')
-  if (digits.length < 7 || digits.length > 15) return false
-  // Reject anything carrying characters that are neither digits, separators,
-  // nor a leading plus.
-  return /^\+?[\d\s()./-]+$/.test(value.trim())
-}
-
 /**
  * Decide who actually receives a message.
  *
@@ -202,3 +178,5 @@ export function formatFileSize(bytes: number): string {
   const mb = bytes / (1024 * 1024)
   return `${Number.isInteger(mb) ? mb : mb.toFixed(1)} MB`
 }
+
+export { isPlausiblePhone, normalizePhone }
diff --git a/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms.tsx b/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 83531e8..0000000
--- a/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-'use client'
-
-import { useEffect } from 'react'
-import {
-  Card,
-  CardContent,
-  CardDescription,
-  CardHeader,
-  CardTitle,
-} from '@/components/ui/card'
-import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
-import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
-import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
-import {
-  Select,
-  SelectContent,
-  SelectItem,
-  SelectTrigger,
-  SelectValue,
-} from '@/components/ui/select'
-import { useForm, useFieldArray, Controller, useWatch } from 'react-hook-form'
-import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
-import { sendSmsSchema } from '@/lib/schemas'
-import type { SendSmsFormData } from '@/lib/schemas'
-import { MessageSquare, Send, Plus, X, UserCircle, Check } from 'lucide-react'
-import { useToast } from '@/hooks/use-toast'
-import httpBrowserClient from '@/lib/httpBrowserClient'
-import { ApiEndpoints } from '@/config/api'
-import { useMutation, useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query'
-import { Spinner } from '@/components/ui/spinner'
-import { formatError } from '@/lib/utils/errorHandler'
-import { RateLimitError } from '@/components/shared/rate-limit-error'
-import { formatDeviceName } from '@/lib/utils'
-
-export default function SendSms() {
-  const { data: devices, isLoading: isLoadingDevices } = useQuery({
-    queryKey: ['devices'],
-    queryFn: () =>
-      httpBrowserClient
-        .get(ApiEndpoints.gateway.listDevices())
-        .then((res) => res.data),
-  })
-
-  const {
-    mutate: sendSms,
-    isPending: isSendingSms,
-    error: sendSmsError,
-    isSuccess: isSendSmsSuccess,
-  } = useMutation({
-    mutationKey: ['send-sms'],
-    mutationFn: (data: SendSmsFormData) =>
-      httpBrowserClient.post(ApiEndpoints.gateway.sendSMS(data.deviceId), data),
-  })
-
-  const { toast } = useToast()
-  const {
-    register,
-    control,
-    handleSubmit,
-    setValue,
-    formState: { errors },
-  } = useForm<SendSmsFormData>({
-    resolver: zodResolver(sendSmsSchema),
-    defaultValues: {
-      deviceId:
-        devices?.data?.length === 1 ? devices?.data?.[0]?._id : undefined,
-      recipients: [''],
-      message: '',
-    },
-  })
-
-  const { fields, append, remove } = useFieldArray({
-    control,
-    // @ts-expect-error
-    name: 'recipients',
-  })
-
-  const selectedDeviceId = useWatch({
-    control,
-    name: 'deviceId',
-  })
-
-  const selectedDevice = devices?.data?.find(
-    (device) => device._id === selectedDeviceId
-  )
-
-  const availableSims =
-    selectedDevice?.simInfo?.sims &&
-    Array.isArray(selectedDevice.simInfo.sims) &&
-    selectedDevice.simInfo.sims.length > 0
-      ? selectedDevice.simInfo.sims
-      : []
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (selectedDeviceId) {
-      setValue('simSubscriptionId', undefined)
-    }
-  }, [selectedDeviceId, setValue])
-
-  return (
-    <div>
-      <Card>
-        <CardHeader>
-          <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
-            <MessageSquare className='h-5 w-5' />
-            <CardTitle>Send SMS</CardTitle>
-          </div>
-          <CardDescription>Send a message to any recipient(s)</CardDescription>
-        </CardHeader>
-        <CardContent>
-          <form
-            onSubmit={(e) => handleSubmit((data) => sendSms(data))(e)}
-            className='space-y-4'
-          >
-            <div className='space-y-4'>
-              <div>
-                <Controller
-                  name='deviceId'
-                  control={control}
-                  render={({ field }) => (
-                    <Select onValueChange={field.onChange} value={field.value}>
-                      <SelectTrigger>
-                        <SelectValue placeholder='Select a device' />
-                      </SelectTrigger>
-                      <SelectContent>
-                        {devices?.data?.map((device) => (
-                          <SelectItem
-                            key={device._id}
-                            value={device._id}
-                            disabled={!device.enabled}
-                          >
-                            {formatDeviceName(device)}{' '}
-                            {device.enabled ? '' : '(disabled)'}
-                          </SelectItem>
-                        ))}
-                      </SelectContent>
-                    </Select>
-                  )}
-                />
-                {errors.deviceId && (
-                  <p className='text-sm text-destructive mt-1'>
-                    {errors.deviceId.message}
-                  </p>
-                )}
-              </div>
-
-              {availableSims.length > 1 && (
-                <div>
-                  <Controller
-                    name='simSubscriptionId'
-                    control={control}
-                    render={({ field }) => (
-                      <Select
-                        onValueChange={(value) =>
-                          field.onChange(Number(value))
-                        }
-                        value={field.value?.toString()}
-                      >
-                        <SelectTrigger>
-                          <SelectValue placeholder='Select SIM (optional)' />
-                        </SelectTrigger>
-                        <SelectContent>
-                          {availableSims.map((sim) => (
-                            <SelectItem
-                              key={sim.subscriptionId}
-                              value={sim.subscriptionId.toString()}
-                            >
-                              {sim.displayName || 'SIM'} ({sim.subscriptionId})
-                            </SelectItem>
-                          ))}
-                        </SelectContent>
-                      </Select>
-                    )}
-                  />
-                  {errors.simSubscriptionId && (
-                    <p className='text-sm text-destructive mt-1'>
-                      {errors.simSubscriptionId.message}
-                    </p>
-                  )}
-                </div>
-              )}
-
-              <div className='space-y-2'>
-                {fields.map((field, index) => (
-                  <div key={field.id}>
-                    <div className='flex gap-2'>
-                      <Input
-                        type='tel'
-                        placeholder='Phone Number'
-                        {...register(`recipients.${index}`)}
-                      />
-                      <Button
-                        type='button'
-                        variant='ghost'
-                        size='icon'
-                        onClick={() => remove(index)}
-                        disabled={index === 0 && fields?.length === 1}
-                      >
-                        <X className='h-4 w-4' />
-                      </Button>
-                    </div>
-                    {errors.recipients?.[index] && (
-                      <p className='text-sm text-destructive'>
-                        {errors.recipients[index].message}
-                      </p>
-                    )}
-                  </div>
-                ))}
-                <Button
-                  type='button'
-                  variant='outline'
-                  size='sm'
-                  onClick={() => append('')}
-                  className='w-full'
-                >
-                  <Plus className='h-4 w-4 mr-2' />
-                  Add Recipient
-                </Button>
-
-                {errors.recipients && (
-                  <p className='text-sm text-destructive'>
-                    {errors.recipients.message}
-                  </p>
-                )}
-
-                {errors.recipients?.root && (
-                  <p className='text-sm text-destructive'>
-                    {errors.recipients.root.message}
-                  </p>
-                )}
-              </div>
-
-              <div>
-                <Textarea
-                  placeholder='Message'
-                  {...register('message')}
-                  rows={4}
-                />
-                {errors.message && (
-                  <p className='text-sm text-destructive mt-1'>
-                    {errors.message.message}
-                  </p>
-                )}
-              </div>
-            </div>
-            {sendSmsError && (() => {
-              const formattedError = formatError(sendSmsError)
-              if (formattedError.isRateLimit) {
-                return (
-                  <RateLimitError
-                    errorData={formattedError.rateLimitData}
-                    variant="inline"
-                  />
-                )
-              }
-              return (
-                <div className='flex items-center gap-2 text-destructive'>
-                  <p>Error sending SMS: {formattedError.message}</p>
-                  <X className='h-5 w-5' />
-                </div>
-              )
-            })()}
-
-            {isSendSmsSuccess && (
-              <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
-                <p>SMS sent successfully!</p>
-                <Check className='h-5 w-5' />
-              </div>
-            )}
-
-            <Button type='submit' disabled={isSendingSms} className='w-full'>
-              {isSendingSms && (
-                <Spinner size='sm' className='mr-2' color='white' />
-              )}
-              {isSendingSms ? 'Sending...' : 'Send Message'}
-            </Button>
-          </form>
-        </CardContent>
-      </Card>
-    </div>
-  )
-}
diff --git a/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms/index.tsx b/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0e103d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { useEffect } from 'react'
+import {
+  Card,
+  CardContent,
+  CardDescription,
+  CardHeader,
+  CardTitle,
+} from '@/components/ui/card'
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button'
+import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label'
+import { Textarea } from '@/components/ui/textarea'
+import {
+  Select,
+  SelectContent,
+  SelectItem,
+  SelectTrigger,
+  SelectValue,
+} from '@/components/ui/select'
+import { Alert, AlertDescription, AlertTitle } from '@/components/ui/alert'
+import { Spinner } from '@/components/ui/spinner'
+import { useForm, Controller, useWatch } from 'react-hook-form'
+import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod'
+import { sendSmsSchema, type SendSmsFormData } from '@/lib/schemas'
+import { AlertCircle, CheckCircle2, MessageSquare, Send } from 'lucide-react'
+import { formatError } from '@/lib/utils/errorHandler'
+import { RateLimitError } from '@/components/shared/rate-limit-error'
+import { formatDeviceName } from '@/lib/utils'
+import { useDevices, useSendSms } from '@/lib/api'
+import { getSegmentInfo } from '@/lib/sms'
+import RecipientInput from './recipient-input'
+
+export default function SendSms() {
+  // Typed hook rather than a raw useQuery(['devices']) reading devices.data:
+  // that shared cache key with a different unwrapped shape is what caused the
+  // devices?.filter crash previously.
+  const { data: devices, isPending: devicesPending } = useDevices()
+  const {
+    mutate: sendSms,
+    isPending: isSendingSms,
+    error: sendSmsError,
+    isSuccess,
+    reset: resetSend,
+  } = useSendSms()
+
+  const {
+    control,
+    register,
+    handleSubmit,
+    setValue,
+    reset,
+    formState: { errors },
+  } = useForm<SendSmsFormData>({
+    resolver: zodResolver(sendSmsSchema),
+    defaultValues: { deviceId: undefined, recipients: [], message: '' },
+  })
+
+  const recipients = useWatch({ control, name: 'recipients' }) ?? []
+  const message = useWatch({ control, name: 'message' }) ?? ''
+  const selectedDeviceId = useWatch({ control, name: 'deviceId' })
+
+  const enabledDevices = devices?.filter((device) => device.enabled) ?? []
+  // A primitive, so the effect below does not re-run on every render just
+  // because filter() returns a new array.
+  const soleDeviceId =
+    enabledDevices.length === 1 ? enabledDevices[0]._id : undefined
+
+  // Preselect the only usable device once devices have loaded. This used to be
+  // computed in defaultValues, which react-hook-form reads once on mount while
+  // the query is still pending, so the auto-select never actually happened.
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!selectedDeviceId && soleDeviceId) {
+      setValue('deviceId', soleDeviceId)
+    }
+  }, [selectedDeviceId, soleDeviceId, setValue])
+
+  const selectedDevice = devices?.find((d) => d._id === selectedDeviceId)
+  const availableSims = Array.isArray((selectedDevice as any)?.simInfo?.sims)
+    ? (selectedDevice as any).simInfo.sims
+    : []
+
+  const segments = getSegmentInfo(message)
+
+  const onSubmit = (data: SendSmsFormData) =>
+    sendSms(data, {
+      onSuccess: () => {
+        // Reset so the next message starts clean, keeping the chosen device.
+        reset({
+          deviceId: data.deviceId,
+          recipients: [],
+          message: '',
+        })
+      },
+    })
+
+  return (
+    <Card>
+      <CardHeader>
+        <div className='flex items-center gap-2'>
+          <MessageSquare className='h-5 w-5 text-primary' />
+          <CardTitle>Send SMS</CardTitle>
+        </div>
+        <CardDescription>
+          Send a message from one of your connected devices.
+        </CardDescription>
+      </CardHeader>
+
+      <CardContent>
+        <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className='space-y-5'>
+          <div className='space-y-1.5'>
+            <Label htmlFor='sms-device'>Send from</Label>
+            <Controller
+              name='deviceId'
+              control={control}
+              render={({ field }) => (
+                <Select onValueChange={field.onChange} value={field.value ?? ''}>
+                  <SelectTrigger id='sms-device'>
+                    <SelectValue
+                      placeholder={
+                        devicesPending ? 'Loading devices...' : 'Select a device'
+                      }
+                    />
+                  </SelectTrigger>
+                  <SelectContent>
+                    {devices?.map((device) => (
+                      <SelectItem
+                        key={device._id}
+                        value={device._id}
+                        disabled={!device.enabled}
+                      >
+                        {formatDeviceName(device)}
+                        {device.enabled ? '' : ' (disabled)'}
+                      </SelectItem>
+                    ))}
+                  </SelectContent>
+                </Select>
+              )}
+            />
+            {errors.deviceId && (
+              <p className='text-sm text-destructive'>
+                {errors.deviceId.message}
+              </p>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          {availableSims.length > 1 && (
+            <div className='space-y-1.5'>
+              <Label htmlFor='sms-sim'>SIM (optional)</Label>
+              <Controller
+                name='simSubscriptionId'
+                control={control}
+                render={({ field }) => (
+                  <Select
+                    onValueChange={(value) => field.onChange(Number(value))}
+                    value={field.value?.toString() ?? ''}
+                  >
+                    <SelectTrigger id='sms-sim'>
+                      <SelectValue placeholder='Default SIM' />
+                    </SelectTrigger>
+                    <SelectContent>
+                      {availableSims.map((sim: any) => (
+                        <SelectItem
+                          key={sim.subscriptionId}
+                          value={String(sim.subscriptionId)}
+                        >
+                          {sim.displayName || 'SIM'} ({sim.subscriptionId})
+                        </SelectItem>
+                      ))}
+                    </SelectContent>
+                  </Select>
+                )}
+              />
+            </div>
+          )}
+
+          <Controller
+            name='recipients'
+            control={control}
+            render={({ field }) => (
+              <RecipientInput
+                recipients={field.value ?? []}
+                onChange={field.onChange}
+                error={
+                  errors.recipients?.message ??
+                  errors.recipients?.root?.message ??
+                  (Array.isArray(errors.recipients)
+                    ? errors.recipients.find(Boolean)?.message
+                    : undefined)
+                }
+              />
+            )}
+          />
+
+          <div className='space-y-1.5'>
+            <Label htmlFor='sms-message'>Message</Label>
+            <Textarea
+              id='sms-message'
+              placeholder='Type your message'
+              rows={5}
+              {...register('message')}
+            />
+            <div className='flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground'>
+              <span>
+                {segments.length} characters, {segments.segments} segment
+                {segments.segments === 1 ? '' : 's'} ({segments.encoding})
+              </span>
+              {segments.segments > 1 && (
+                <span className='text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-500'>
+                  Over {segments.perSegment} characters counts as multiple
+                  messages
+                </span>
+              )}
+            </div>
+            {errors.message && (
+              <p className='text-sm text-destructive'>
+                {errors.message.message}
+              </p>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          {sendSmsError &&
+            (() => {
+              const formatted = formatError(sendSmsError)
+              if (formatted.isRateLimit) {
+                return (
+                  <RateLimitError
+                    errorData={formatted.rateLimitData}
+                    variant='alert'
+                  />
+                )
+              }
+              return (
+                <Alert variant='destructive'>
+                  <AlertCircle className='h-4 w-4' />
+                  <AlertTitle>Could not send</AlertTitle>
+                  <AlertDescription>{formatted.message}</AlertDescription>
+                </Alert>
+              )
+            })()}
+
+          {isSuccess && (
+            <Alert>
+              <CheckCircle2 className='h-4 w-4' />
+              <AlertTitle>Message sent</AlertTitle>
+              <AlertDescription>
+                Delivery status appears in your message history.
+              </AlertDescription>
+            </Alert>
+          )}
+
+          <Button
+            type='submit'
+            className='w-full'
+            // Also disabled while devices load: submitting first showed
+            // "Required" on the device field, which then auto-filled a moment
+            // later, leaving a stale error next to a populated field.
+            disabled={isSendingSms || devicesPending}
+            onClick={() => {
+              // Clear a previous result so the alert reflects this attempt.
+              if (isSuccess || sendSmsError) resetSend()
+            }}
+          >
+            {isSendingSms ? (
+              <>
+                <Spinner size='sm' className='mr-2' color='white' />
+                Sending...
+              </>
+            ) : (
+              <>
+                <Send className='h-4 w-4' />
+                {recipients.length > 1
+                  ? `Send to ${recipients.length} recipients`
+                  : 'Send message'}
+              </>
+            )}
+          </Button>
+        </form>
+      </CardContent>
+    </Card>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms/recipient-input.tsx b/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms/recipient-input.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76c0368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/app/(app)/dashboard/(components)/send-sms/recipient-input.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+'use client'
+
+import { useState, type KeyboardEvent } from 'react'
+import { X } from 'lucide-react'
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
+import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label'
+import { isPlausiblePhone, normalizePhone } from '@/lib/sms'
+import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'
+
+// Numbers commit on Enter, comma or blur, and paste splits on separators, so a
+// list copied from a spreadsheet becomes chips in one action. Replaces a
+// growing stack of full-width inputs, each with its own remove button.
+export default function RecipientInput({
+  recipients,
+  onChange,
+  error,
+}: {
+  recipients: string[]
+  onChange: (next: string[]) => void
+  error?: string
+}) {
+  const [draft, setDraft] = useState('')
+  const [localError, setLocalError] = useState<string | null>(null)
+
+  const commit = (raw: string): boolean => {
+    // Split only on unambiguous separators first. Splitting on whitespace up
+    // front would shred "+1 (415) 555-0101" into three fragments, since spaces
+    // are also formatting inside a single number.
+    const candidates = raw
+      .split(/[,;\n]+/)
+      .map((v) => v.trim())
+      .filter(Boolean)
+      .flatMap((token) =>
+        // Only a token that cannot be one number gets split on whitespace,
+        // which is how "+14155550101 +16475550187" becomes two chips.
+        isPlausiblePhone(token) ? [token] : token.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean)
+      )
+
+    if (candidates.length === 0) return true
+
+    const accepted: string[] = []
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+      if (!isPlausiblePhone(candidate)) {
+        setLocalError(`"${candidate}" does not look like a phone number`)
+        return false
+      }
+      // The API schema accepts digits with an optional leading plus, so
+      // formatting is stripped before the value reaches the form.
+      const normalized = normalizePhone(candidate)
+      if (!recipients.includes(normalized) && !accepted.includes(normalized)) {
+        accepted.push(normalized)
+      }
+    }
+
+    setLocalError(null)
+    if (accepted.length) onChange([...recipients, ...accepted])
+    return true
+  }
+
+  const handleKeyDown = (event: KeyboardEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
+    if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ',') {
+      event.preventDefault()
+      if (commit(draft)) setDraft('')
+      return
+    }
+    // Backspace on an empty field removes the last chip, as in every other
+    // token input people have used.
+    if (event.key === 'Backspace' && draft === '' && recipients.length > 0) {
+      onChange(recipients.slice(0, -1))
+    }
+  }
+
+  const remove = (value: string) =>
+    onChange(recipients.filter((r) => r !== value))
+
+  const shownError = localError ?? error
+
+  return (
+    <div className='space-y-1.5'>
+      <Label htmlFor='sms-recipient'>To</Label>
+
+      {recipients.length > 0 && (
+        <ul className='flex flex-wrap gap-1.5'>
+          {recipients.map((recipient) => (
+            <li key={recipient}>
+              <span className='inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full bg-muted py-1 pl-2.5 pr-1 text-sm'>
+                {recipient}
+                <button
+                  type='button'
+                  onClick={() => remove(recipient)}
+                  aria-label={`Remove ${recipient}`}
+                  className='rounded-full p-0.5 text-muted-foreground transition-colors hover:bg-background hover:text-foreground'
+                >
+                  <X className='h-3 w-3' />
+                </button>
+              </span>
+            </li>
+          ))}
+        </ul>
+      )}
+
+      <Input
+        id='sms-recipient'
+        type='tel'
+        inputMode='tel'
+        value={draft}
+        onChange={(e) => {
+          setDraft(e.target.value)
+          if (localError) setLocalError(null)
+        }}
+        onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
+        // Commit on blur too: people type a number then click Send, and losing
+        // it silently would be the worst possible outcome.
+        onBlur={() => {
+          if (commit(draft)) setDraft('')
+        }}
+        placeholder={
+          recipients.length ? 'Add another number' : '+14155550101'
+        }
+        aria-describedby='sms-recipient-hint'
+        className={cn(shownError && 'border-destructive')}
+      />
+
+      <p id='sms-recipient-hint' className='text-xs text-muted-foreground'>
+        Press Enter or comma to add. Paste a list to add several at once.
+      </p>
+
+      {shownError && <p className='text-sm text-destructive'>{shownError}</p>}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/web/e2e/chrome.spec.ts b/web/e2e/chrome.spec.ts
index da34418..40bea71 100644
--- a/web/e2e/chrome.spec.ts
+++ b/web/e2e/chrome.spec.ts
@@ -83,16 +83,30 @@ test.describe('app chrome (mocked API, no real backend)', () => {
     )
   })
 
-  test('desktop: footer links sit on one row', async ({ page, context }) => {
+  test('desktop: footer links share rows instead of stacking', async ({
+    page,
+    context,
+  }) => {
     await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1280, height: 900 })
     await authenticate(context)
     await mockApi(page)
     await page.goto('/dashboard')
+    // Text metrics decide wrapping, so wait for fonts before measuring.
+    await page.evaluate(() => document.fonts.ready)
 
     const links = page.locator('footer nav a')
-    const first = await links.first().boundingBox()
-    const last = await links.last().boundingBox()
-    expect(Math.abs(first!.y - last!.y)).toBeLessThan(8)
+    const count = await links.count()
+
+    const ys: number[] = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
+      const box = await links.nth(i).boundingBox()
+      ys.push(Math.round(box!.y))
+    }
+
+    // The row layout wraps by design, so the guarantee is "not one per row",
+    // not "exactly one row": asserting a single row made this flaky whenever
+    // font metrics pushed a link onto a second line.
+    expect(new Set(ys).size).toBeLessThan(count)
   })
 
   test('top bar is reduced to brand and account', async ({ page, context }) => {
diff --git a/web/e2e/send-sms.spec.ts b/web/e2e/send-sms.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ccf406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/e2e/send-sms.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test'
+import { authenticate } from './session'
+import { mockApi } from './mock-api'
+
+async function captureSend(page: import('@playwright/test').Page) {
+  const payloads: any[] = []
+  await page.route('**/api/v1/gateway/devices/*/send-sms', (route) => {
+    payloads.push(route.request().postDataJSON())
+    return route.fulfill({
+      status: 200,
+      contentType: 'application/json',
+      body: JSON.stringify({ data: { success: true } }),
+    })
+  })
+  return payloads
+}
+
+test.describe('send sms (mocked API, no real backend)', () => {
+  test('commits recipients as chips and posts exactly those numbers', async ({
+    page,
+    context,
+  }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    const payloads = await captureSend(page)
+
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+
+    const to = page.getByLabel('To', { exact: true })
+    await to.fill('+1 (415) 555-0101')
+    await to.press('Enter')
+    await to.fill('+16475550187')
+    await to.press('Enter')
+
+    // Both are chips now, each removable.
+    await expect(
+      page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove +14155550101' })
+    ).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(
+      page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove +16475550187' })
+    ).toBeVisible()
+
+    await page.getByLabel('Message').fill('Hello from the send page')
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: /Send to 2 recipients/ }).click()
+
+    await expect(page.getByText('Message sent')).toBeVisible()
+    expect(payloads).toHaveLength(1)
+    // Formatting is stripped, because the API schema accepts digits with an
+    // optional leading plus.
+    expect(payloads[0].recipients).toEqual(['+14155550101', '+16475550187'])
+    expect(payloads[0].message).toBe('Hello from the send page')
+  })
+
+  test('splits a pasted list into separate chips', async ({
+    page,
+    context,
+  }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+
+    await page
+      .getByLabel('To', { exact: true })
+      .fill('+14155550101, +16475550187 +12065550142')
+    await page.getByLabel('To', { exact: true }).press('Enter')
+
+    for (const number of ['+14155550101', '+16475550187', '+12065550142']) {
+      await expect(
+        page.getByRole('button', { name: `Remove ${number}` })
+      ).toBeVisible()
+    }
+  })
+
+  test('keeps a spaced number whole instead of shredding it', async ({
+    page,
+    context,
+  }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+
+    // Spaces are formatting inside one number here, not separators.
+    const to = page.getByLabel('To', { exact: true })
+    await to.fill('+1 415 555 0101')
+    await to.press('Enter')
+
+    await expect(
+      page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove +14155550101' })
+    ).toBeVisible()
+    // Exactly one chip, not four fragments.
+    await expect(page.getByRole('button', { name: /^Remove/ })).toHaveCount(1)
+  })
+
+  test('rejects a number that cannot be dialled', async ({ page, context }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+
+    const to = page.getByLabel('To', { exact: true })
+    await to.fill('not a number')
+    await to.press('Enter')
+
+    await expect(
+      page.getByText(/does not look like a phone number/)
+    ).toBeVisible()
+  })
+
+  test('does not silently drop a number typed but not committed', async ({
+    page,
+    context,
+  }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    const payloads = await captureSend(page)
+
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+
+    // Type a number then go straight to the message without pressing Enter.
+    await page.getByLabel('To', { exact: true }).fill('+14155550101')
+    await page.getByLabel('Message').fill('Committed on blur')
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: /Send message/ }).click()
+
+    await expect(page.getByText('Message sent')).toBeVisible()
+    expect(payloads[0].recipients).toEqual(['+14155550101'])
+  })
+
+  test('preselects the only enabled device', async ({ page, context }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+
+    // Fixtures have one enabled device (Pixel 8) and one disabled. The old
+    // implementation computed this in defaultValues before devices loaded, so
+    // it never preselected anything.
+    await expect(page.getByLabel('Send from')).toContainText('Pixel 8')
+  })
+
+  test('counts SMS segments', async ({ page, context }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+
+    await page.getByLabel('Message').fill('a'.repeat(161))
+    await expect(page.getByText(/161 characters, 2 segments/)).toBeVisible()
+  })
+
+  test('clears the form after a successful send', async ({ page, context }) => {
+    await authenticate(context)
+    await mockApi(page)
+    await captureSend(page)
+
+    await page.goto('/dashboard/messaging')
+    const to = page.getByLabel('To', { exact: true })
+    await to.fill('+14155550101')
+    await to.press('Enter')
+    await page.getByLabel('Message').fill('One off')
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: /Send message/ }).click()
+
+    await expect(page.getByText('Message sent')).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(page.getByLabel('Message')).toHaveValue('')
+    await expect(
+      page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Remove +14155550101' })
+    ).toHaveCount(0)
+    // The device stays selected, since the next message usually goes out the
+    // same way.
+    await expect(page.getByLabel('Send from')).toContainText('Pixel 8')
+  })
+})
diff --git a/web/lib/sms.ts b/web/lib/sms.ts
index 731092d..825ae17 100644
--- a/web/lib/sms.ts
+++ b/web/lib/sms.ts
@@ -46,3 +46,29 @@ export function getSegmentInfo(text: string): SegmentInfo {
     encoding,
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Strip formatting so "+1 (415) 555-0101" and "+14155550101" are recognised as
+ * the same recipient for duplicate detection.
+ */
+export function normalizePhone(value: string): string {
+  const trimmed = value.trim()
+  const hasPlus = trimmed.startsWith('+')
+  const digits = trimmed.replace(/\D/g, '')
+  return hasPlus ? `+${digits}` : digits
+}
+
+/**
+ * Permissive validity check. The gateway is the real authority on whether a
+ * number can be reached, so this only rejects input that cannot possibly be a
+ * phone number, rather than enforcing a strict E.164 shape that would block
+ * legitimate local formats.
+ */
+export function isPlausiblePhone(value: string): boolean {
+  const normalized = normalizePhone(value)
+  const digits = normalized.replace(/\D/g, '')
+  if (digits.length < 7 || digits.length > 15) return false
+  // Reject anything carrying characters that are neither digits, separators,
+  // nor a leading plus.
+  return /^\+?[\d\s()./-]+$/.test(value.trim())
+}