Merge origin/master into feat/darwin-trl

Resolve includeDarwin conflict in backend-matrix.yml: keep both the trl and
the merged liquid-audio darwin entries (additive).

Signed-off-by: Ettore Di Giacinto <mudler@localai.io>
Assisted-by: Claude:opus-4.8 [Claude Code]

.github/backend-matrix.yml

@@ -4974,6 +4974,12 @@ includeDarwin:
   - backend: "kitten-tts"
     tag-suffix: "-metal-darwin-arm64-kitten-tts"
     build-type: "mps"
+  - backend: "trl"
+    tag-suffix: "-metal-darwin-arm64-trl"
+    build-type: "mps"
+  - backend: "liquid-audio"
+    tag-suffix: "-metal-darwin-arm64-liquid-audio"
+    build-type: "mps"
   - backend: "piper"
     tag-suffix: "-metal-darwin-arm64-piper"
     build-type: "metal"
@@ -4990,6 +4996,10 @@ includeDarwin:
     tag-suffix: "-metal-darwin-arm64-sherpa-onnx"
     build-type: "metal"
     lang: "go"
+  - backend: "supertonic"
+    tag-suffix: "-metal-darwin-arm64-supertonic"
+    build-type: "metal"
+    lang: "go"
   - backend: "local-store"
     tag-suffix: "-metal-darwin-arm64-local-store"
     build-type: "metal"

backend/go/supertonic/helper.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode"
@@ -943,7 +944,13 @@ func InitializeONNXRuntime() error {
 			}
 		}
 		if libPath == "" {
-			libPath = "/usr/local/lib/libonnxruntime.so"
+			// LocalAI: default to the platform-native shared library
+			// extension when nothing else is found (dyld vs ld.so).
+			if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+				libPath = "/usr/local/lib/libonnxruntime.dylib"
+			} else {
+				libPath = "/usr/local/lib/libonnxruntime.so"
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	ort.SetSharedLibraryPath(libPath)

backend/go/supertonic/package.sh

@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ elif [ -f "/lib/ld-linux-aarch64.so.1" ]; then
     cp -arfLv /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 $CURDIR/package/lib/libdl.so.2
     cp -arfLv /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 $CURDIR/package/lib/librt.so.1
     cp -arfLv /lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 $CURDIR/package/lib/libpthread.so.0
+elif [ $(uname -s) = "Darwin" ]; then
+    # macOS: dyld resolves the bundled .dylib via DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH (set in
+    # run.sh); there is no ld.so loader nor glibc to bundle.
+    echo "Detected Darwin"
 else
     echo "Error: Could not detect architecture"
     exit 1

backend/go/supertonic/run.sh

@@ -3,12 +3,19 @@ set -ex
 
 CURDIR=$(dirname "$(realpath $0)")
 
-export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CURDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
-export ONNXRUNTIME_LIB_PATH=$CURDIR/lib/libonnxruntime.so
+if [ "$(uname)" = "Darwin" ]; then
+	# macOS uses dyld: there is no ld.so loader, and the search path env
+	# var is DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH. ONNX Runtime ships as a .dylib here.
+	export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CURDIR/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
+	export ONNXRUNTIME_LIB_PATH=$CURDIR/lib/libonnxruntime.dylib
+else
+	export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CURDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+	export ONNXRUNTIME_LIB_PATH=$CURDIR/lib/libonnxruntime.so
 
-if [ -f $CURDIR/lib/ld.so ]; then
-	echo "Using lib/ld.so"
-	exec $CURDIR/lib/ld.so $CURDIR/supertonic "$@"
+	if [ -f $CURDIR/lib/ld.so ]; then
+		echo "Using lib/ld.so"
+		exec $CURDIR/lib/ld.so $CURDIR/supertonic "$@"
+	fi
 fi
 
 exec $CURDIR/supertonic "$@"

backend/index.yaml

@@ -1284,6 +1284,7 @@
     nvidia-cuda-13: "cuda13-liquid-audio"
     nvidia-cuda-12: "cuda12-liquid-audio"
     nvidia-l4t-cuda-13: "cuda13-nvidia-l4t-arm64-liquid-audio"
+    metal: "metal-liquid-audio"
   icon: https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/7_6D7rWrLxp2hb6OHSV1p.png
 - &qwen-tts
   urls:
@@ -1569,6 +1570,7 @@
     - TTS
   capabilities:
     default: "cpu-supertonic"
+    metal: "metal-supertonic"
 - !!merge <<: *neutts
   name: "neutts-development"
   capabilities:
@@ -4612,6 +4614,7 @@
     nvidia-cuda-13: "cuda13-liquid-audio-development"
     nvidia-cuda-12: "cuda12-liquid-audio-development"
     nvidia-l4t-cuda-13: "cuda13-nvidia-l4t-arm64-liquid-audio-development"
+    metal: "metal-liquid-audio-development"
 - !!merge <<: *liquid-audio
   name: "cpu-liquid-audio"
   uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:latest-cpu-liquid-audio"
@@ -4622,6 +4625,16 @@
   uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:master-cpu-liquid-audio"
   mirrors:
     - localai/localai-backends:master-cpu-liquid-audio
+- !!merge <<: *liquid-audio
+  name: "metal-liquid-audio"
+  uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:latest-metal-darwin-arm64-liquid-audio"
+  mirrors:
+    - localai/localai-backends:latest-metal-darwin-arm64-liquid-audio
+- !!merge <<: *liquid-audio
+  name: "metal-liquid-audio-development"
+  uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:master-metal-darwin-arm64-liquid-audio"
+  mirrors:
+    - localai/localai-backends:master-metal-darwin-arm64-liquid-audio
 - !!merge <<: *liquid-audio
   name: "cuda12-liquid-audio"
   uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:latest-gpu-nvidia-cuda-12-liquid-audio"
@@ -5282,6 +5295,7 @@
     nvidia: "cuda12-trl"
     nvidia-cuda-12: "cuda12-trl"
     nvidia-cuda-13: "cuda13-trl"
+    metal: "metal-trl"
 ## TRL backend images
 - !!merge <<: *trl
   name: "cpu-trl"
@@ -5313,6 +5327,16 @@
   uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:master-gpu-nvidia-cuda-13-trl"
   mirrors:
     - localai/localai-backends:master-gpu-nvidia-cuda-13-trl
+- !!merge <<: *trl
+  name: "metal-trl"
+  uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:latest-metal-darwin-arm64-trl"
+  mirrors:
+    - localai/localai-backends:latest-metal-darwin-arm64-trl
+- !!merge <<: *trl
+  name: "metal-trl-development"
+  uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:master-metal-darwin-arm64-trl"
+  mirrors:
+    - localai/localai-backends:master-metal-darwin-arm64-trl
 ## llama.cpp quantization backend
 - &llama-cpp-quantization
   name: "llama-cpp-quantization"
@@ -5484,6 +5508,7 @@
   name: "supertonic-development"
   capabilities:
     default: "cpu-supertonic-development"
+    metal: "metal-supertonic-development"
 - !!merge <<: *supertonic
   name: "cpu-supertonic"
   uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:latest-cpu-supertonic"
@@ -5494,3 +5519,13 @@
   uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:master-cpu-supertonic"
   mirrors:
     - localai/localai-backends:master-cpu-supertonic
+- !!merge <<: *supertonic
+  name: "metal-supertonic"
+  uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:latest-metal-darwin-arm64-supertonic"
+  mirrors:
+    - localai/localai-backends:latest-metal-darwin-arm64-supertonic
+- !!merge <<: *supertonic
+  name: "metal-supertonic-development"
+  uri: "quay.io/go-skynet/local-ai-backends:master-metal-darwin-arm64-supertonic"
+  mirrors:
+    - localai/localai-backends:master-metal-darwin-arm64-supertonic

backend/python/liquid-audio/install.sh

@@ -14,5 +14,11 @@ else
 fi
 
 # liquid-audio's torch wheels are large; allow upgrades to satisfy transitive pins
-EXTRA_PIP_INSTALL_FLAGS+=" --upgrade --index-strategy=unsafe-first-match"
+EXTRA_PIP_INSTALL_FLAGS+=" --upgrade"
+# --index-strategy is a uv-only flag. The darwin/MPS build installs with pip
+# (USE_PIP=true in scripts/build/python-darwin.sh), which rejects it. Only add
+# it on the uv path; Linux/CUDA resolution is unchanged.
+if [ "x${USE_PIP:-}" != "xtrue" ]; then
+    EXTRA_PIP_INSTALL_FLAGS+=" --index-strategy=unsafe-first-match"
+fi
 installRequirements

backend/python/liquid-audio/requirements-mps.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# MPS (Apple Silicon / Metal) build profile - installed by the darwin CI job.
 torch>=2.8.0
 torchaudio>=2.8.0
 torchcodec>=0.9.1

backend/python/trl/install.sh

@@ -8,7 +8,13 @@ else
     source $backend_dir/../common/libbackend.sh
 fi
 
-EXTRA_PIP_INSTALL_FLAGS+=" --upgrade --index-strategy=unsafe-first-match"
+EXTRA_PIP_INSTALL_FLAGS+=" --upgrade"
+# --index-strategy is a uv-only flag. The darwin/MPS build installs with pip
+# (USE_PIP=true in scripts/build/python-darwin.sh), which rejects it. Only add
+# it when uv is the installer, keeping the Linux/CUDA resolution unchanged.
+if [ "x${USE_PIP:-}" != "xtrue" ]; then
+    EXTRA_PIP_INSTALL_FLAGS+=" --index-strategy=unsafe-first-match"
+fi
 installRequirements
 
 # Fetch convert_hf_to_gguf.py and gguf package from the same llama.cpp version

backend/python/trl/requirements-mps.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+torch==2.10.0
+trl
+peft
+datasets>=3.0.0
+transformers>=4.56.2
+accelerate>=1.4.0
+huggingface-hub>=1.3.0
+sentencepiece
+# Note: bitsandbytes is intentionally omitted on MPS. It is only used by the
+# CUDA (cublas) variants for 8-bit/4-bit quantization and has poor support on
+# Apple Silicon. torch here uses the plain PyPI wheels, which ship MPS support
+# on macOS arm64.

core/config/hardware_defaults.go

@@ -54,8 +54,35 @@ func (g GPU) IsNVIDIABlackwell() bool {
 	return maj >= 12
 }
 
+// Compute-buffer headroom guard for the raised physical batch.
+//
+// Raising n_ubatch grows the CUDA *compute buffer* (the scratch for the forward
+// graph), which is allocated PER DEVICE — it does not benefit from a second GPU
+// the way weights or KV (which are split across devices) do. The buffer scales
+// ~linearly with n_ubatch * n_ctx, so a large context turns the GB10-tuned
+// ub2048 into multi-GiB of extra scratch that must fit on a SINGLE card. On a
+// 16 GiB consumer Blackwell with a 200k context that overflows (issue #10485),
+// even though the GB10 it was measured on (128 GiB unified memory) had room.
+//
+// These constants size a conservative guard: only raise the batch when the
+// extra scratch fits the per-device VRAM ceiling.
+const (
+	// computeBufferBytesPerCell approximates the CUDA compute-buffer cost of one
+	// (n_ubatch * n_ctx) cell. Derived from an observed allocation (ub2048 *
+	// ctx204800 ~= 4.5 GiB => ~11 B/cell) and rounded up to 16 for margin, since
+	// the real cost also grows with model width (heads / embedding dim) which we
+	// don't know at config time.
+	computeBufferBytesPerCell = 16
+	// blackwellBatchHeadroomDivisor caps the extra compute buffer from raising the
+	// physical batch at VRAM/divisor. /4 keeps the bulk of a device for weights +
+	// KV, which already dominate VRAM use.
+	blackwellBatchHeadroomDivisor = 4
+)
+
 // PhysicalBatch returns the canonical physical batch (n_batch/n_ubatch) for the
-// given hardware, used when the model config leaves batch unset.
+// given hardware class, ignoring context/VRAM headroom. Use
+// PhysicalBatchForContext when a model context and per-device VRAM are known
+// (the load paths) so the raised batch can't overflow a single device.
 func PhysicalBatch(g GPU) int {
 	if g.IsNVIDIABlackwell() {
 		return BlackwellPhysicalBatch
@@ -63,6 +90,32 @@ func PhysicalBatch(g GPU) int {
 	return DefaultPhysicalBatch
 }
 
+// PhysicalBatchForContext is PhysicalBatch gated on per-device VRAM headroom for
+// the given context: it only raises the batch above the conservative default
+// when the extra compute buffer (which is allocated on a single device and grows
+// with n_ubatch * n_ctx) fits within blackwellBatchHeadroomDivisor of the GPU's
+// VRAM. g.VRAM must be the PER-DEVICE ceiling (the smallest device on a
+// multi-GPU host), not the summed total — the compute buffer can't be split.
+//
+// VRAM 0 (unknown) stays conservative rather than risk a per-device OOM; the
+// GB10 / unified-memory path reports system RAM, so it still clears the guard.
+func PhysicalBatchForContext(g GPU, ctx int) int {
+	if !g.IsNVIDIABlackwell() {
+		return DefaultPhysicalBatch
+	}
+	if ctx <= 0 {
+		ctx = DefaultContextSize
+	}
+	if g.VRAM == 0 {
+		return DefaultPhysicalBatch
+	}
+	extra := uint64(ctx) * uint64(BlackwellPhysicalBatch-DefaultPhysicalBatch) * computeBufferBytesPerCell
+	if extra <= g.VRAM/blackwellBatchHeadroomDivisor {
+		return BlackwellPhysicalBatch
+	}
+	return DefaultPhysicalBatch
+}
+
 // IsManagedPhysicalBatch reports whether n is a value PhysicalBatch assigns.
 // Callers that re-tune a value chosen by an upstream host (the distributed
 // router correcting the frontend's guess) use this to avoid clobbering an
@@ -122,7 +175,12 @@ func hasParallelOption(opts []string) bool {
 // deterministic device — detection does a live nvidia-smi call.
 var localGPU = func() GPU {
 	vendor, _ := xsysinfo.DetectGPUVendor()
-	vram, _ := xsysinfo.TotalAvailableVRAM()
+	// Use the SMALLEST device's VRAM, not the summed total: the parallel-slot
+	// tier and the batch headroom guard both reason about what fits on a single
+	// card, and per-device compute buffers can't be split across GPUs. Summing
+	// two 16 GiB cards into "32 GiB" is what over-provisioned multi-GPU hosts
+	// into OOM (issue #10485).
+	vram, _ := xsysinfo.MinPerGPUVRAM()
 	return GPU{
 		Vendor:            vendor,
 		ComputeCapability: xsysinfo.NVIDIAComputeCapability(),
@@ -137,10 +195,20 @@ func ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg *ModelConfig, gpu GPU) {
 	if cfg == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if cfg.Batch == 0 && gpu.IsNVIDIABlackwell() {
-		cfg.Batch = BlackwellPhysicalBatch
-		xlog.Debug("[hardware_defaults] Blackwell GPU: defaulting physical batch",
-			"batch", cfg.Batch, "compute_cap", gpu.ComputeCapability)
+	// Raise the physical batch on Blackwell only when the resulting compute
+	// buffer fits the per-device VRAM at THIS model's context. Leaving Batch at 0
+	// (rather than writing the default 512) preserves the downstream single-pass
+	// sizing in core/backend.EffectiveBatchSize for embedding/score/rerank.
+	if cfg.Batch == 0 {
+		ctx := DefaultContextSize
+		if cfg.ContextSize != nil {
+			ctx = *cfg.ContextSize
+		}
+		if PhysicalBatchForContext(gpu, ctx) == BlackwellPhysicalBatch {
+			cfg.Batch = BlackwellPhysicalBatch
+			xlog.Debug("[hardware_defaults] Blackwell GPU: defaulting physical batch",
+				"batch", cfg.Batch, "compute_cap", gpu.ComputeCapability, "context", ctx, "vram_gib", gpu.VRAM>>30)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Enable concurrent serving by default on a capable GPU: without this the

core/config/hardware_defaults_internal_test.go

@@ -9,26 +9,37 @@ import (
 // GPU. The detection seam (localGPU) is injected so the path is deterministic
 // without a real GPU.
 var _ = Describe("SetDefaults hardware defaults (single-instance)", func() {
+	const gib = uint64(1) << 30
+
 	var orig func() GPU
 	BeforeEach(func() { orig = localGPU })
 	AfterEach(func() { localGPU = orig })
 
-	It("sets the physical batch on a local Blackwell GPU", func() {
-		localGPU = func() GPU { return GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1"} }
+	It("sets the physical batch on a local Blackwell GPU with headroom", func() {
+		localGPU = func() GPU { return GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1", VRAM: 119 * gib} }
 		cfg := &ModelConfig{}
 		cfg.SetDefaults()
 		Expect(cfg.Batch).To(Equal(BlackwellPhysicalBatch))
 	})
 
+	It("leaves batch unset when a large context would overflow the device", func() {
+		// Regression guard for issue #10485: 16 GiB consumer Blackwell + ~200k ctx.
+		localGPU = func() GPU { return GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.0", VRAM: 16 * gib} }
+		ctx := 204800
+		cfg := &ModelConfig{LLMConfig: LLMConfig{ContextSize: &ctx}}
+		cfg.SetDefaults()
+		Expect(cfg.Batch).To(Equal(0))
+	})
+
 	It("leaves batch unset on a non-Blackwell local GPU", func() {
-		localGPU = func() GPU { return GPU{ComputeCapability: "8.9"} }
+		localGPU = func() GPU { return GPU{ComputeCapability: "8.9", VRAM: 119 * gib} }
 		cfg := &ModelConfig{}
 		cfg.SetDefaults()
 		Expect(cfg.Batch).To(Equal(0))
 	})
 
 	It("never overrides an explicit batch", func() {
-		localGPU = func() GPU { return GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1"} }
+		localGPU = func() GPU { return GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1", VRAM: 119 * gib} }
 		cfg := &ModelConfig{}
 		cfg.Batch = 1024
 		cfg.SetDefaults()

core/config/hardware_defaults_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 var _ = Describe("Hardware-driven config defaults", func() {
+	const gib = uint64(1) << 30
+
 	DescribeTable("GPU.IsNVIDIABlackwell (sm_12x consumer family)",
 		func(cc string, want bool) {
 			Expect(GPU{ComputeCapability: cc}.IsNVIDIABlackwell()).To(Equal(want))
@@ -35,21 +37,54 @@ var _ = Describe("Hardware-driven config defaults", func() {
 		})
 	})
 
+	Describe("PhysicalBatchForContext (per-device VRAM headroom)", func() {
+		It("raises the batch when the compute buffer fits the device", func() {
+			// 16 GiB Blackwell with a small context: the extra scratch is tiny.
+			Expect(PhysicalBatchForContext(GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.0", VRAM: 16 * gib}, 8192)).
+				To(Equal(BlackwellPhysicalBatch))
+		})
+		It("keeps the default batch when a large context would overflow one device", func() {
+			// The issue #10485 case: 16 GiB consumer Blackwell, ~200k context.
+			Expect(PhysicalBatchForContext(GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.0", VRAM: 16 * gib}, 204800)).
+				To(Equal(DefaultPhysicalBatch))
+		})
+		It("still raises the batch on a large unified-memory device (GB10)", func() {
+			// GB10 reports system RAM (~119 GiB) as its single device's VRAM.
+			Expect(PhysicalBatchForContext(GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1", VRAM: 119 * gib}, 204800)).
+				To(Equal(BlackwellPhysicalBatch))
+		})
+		It("stays conservative when VRAM is unknown", func() {
+			Expect(PhysicalBatchForContext(GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1"}, 8192)).
+				To(Equal(DefaultPhysicalBatch))
+		})
+		It("never raises the batch on non-Blackwell", func() {
+			Expect(PhysicalBatchForContext(GPU{ComputeCapability: "9.0", VRAM: 80 * gib}, 8192)).
+				To(Equal(DefaultPhysicalBatch))
+		})
+	})
+
 	Describe("ApplyHardwareDefaults", func() {
-		It("raises an unset batch to 2048 on Blackwell", func() {
+		It("raises an unset batch to 2048 on Blackwell with headroom", func() {
 			cfg := &ModelConfig{}
-			ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1"})
+			ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1", VRAM: 119 * gib})
 			Expect(cfg.Batch).To(Equal(BlackwellPhysicalBatch))
 		})
+		It("leaves batch unset when a large context would overflow one device", func() {
+			// Regression guard for issue #10485: 16 GiB card + ~200k context.
+			ctx := 204800
+			cfg := &ModelConfig{LLMConfig: LLMConfig{ContextSize: &ctx}}
+			ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.0", VRAM: 16 * gib})
+			Expect(cfg.Batch).To(Equal(0))
+		})
 		It("leaves batch unset on non-Blackwell", func() {
 			cfg := &ModelConfig{}
-			ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, GPU{ComputeCapability: "9.0"})
+			ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, GPU{ComputeCapability: "9.0", VRAM: 119 * gib})
 			Expect(cfg.Batch).To(Equal(0))
 		})
 		It("never overrides an explicit batch", func() {
 			cfg := &ModelConfig{}
 			cfg.Batch = 1024
-			ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1"})
+			ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, GPU{ComputeCapability: "12.1", VRAM: 119 * gib})
 			Expect(cfg.Batch).To(Equal(1024))
 		})
 		It("no-ops on nil", func() {
@@ -57,8 +92,6 @@ var _ = Describe("Hardware-driven config defaults", func() {
 		})
 	})
 
-	const gib = uint64(1) << 30
-
 	DescribeTable("DefaultParallelSlots (by VRAM)",
 		func(vramGiB uint64, want int) {
 			Expect(DefaultParallelSlots(GPU{VRAM: vramGiB * gib})).To(Equal(want))

core/config/model_config.go

@@ -1204,11 +1204,6 @@ func (cfg *ModelConfig) SetDefaults(opts ...ConfigLoaderOption) {
 	// This ensures gallery-installed and runtime-loaded models get optimal parameters.
 	ApplyInferenceDefaults(cfg, cfg.Name, cfg.Model)
 
-	// Apply hardware-driven defaults (e.g. a larger physical batch on Blackwell).
-	// Uses the local GPU here; in distributed mode the router re-applies the same
-	// heuristics for the selected node's GPU before loading. Explicit config wins.
-	ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, localGPU())
-
 	// Apply serving-policy defaults (device-independent): cross-request prefix
 	// caching. Propagates to distributed nodes via the model options.
 	ApplyServingDefaults(cfg)
@@ -1247,6 +1242,16 @@ func (cfg *ModelConfig) SetDefaults(opts ...ConfigLoaderOption) {
 		cfg.ContextSize = &ctx
 	}
 	runBackendHooks(cfg, lo.modelPath)
+
+	// Apply hardware-driven defaults (e.g. a larger physical batch on Blackwell)
+	// LAST, after the context size is fully resolved (explicit config, LoadOptions,
+	// then the GGUF guess inside runBackendHooks): the Blackwell batch guard sizes
+	// the per-device compute buffer against this model's context, so it must see
+	// the final value, not a pre-guess nil. Uses the local GPU here; in distributed
+	// mode the router re-applies the same heuristics for the selected node's GPU
+	// before loading. Explicit config always wins.
+	ApplyHardwareDefaults(cfg, localGPU())
+
 	cfg.syncKnownUsecasesFromString()
 }
 

core/http/endpoints/openai/realtime_model.go

@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ func loadSoundDetectionConfig(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfigL
 	if pipeline.SoundDetection == "" {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	cfg, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(pipeline.SoundDetection, ml.ModelPath)
+	cfg, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, pipeline.SoundDetection, ml.ModelPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load sound detection config: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ func loadSoundDetectionConfig(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfigL
 }
 
 func newTranscriptionOnlyModel(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfigLoader, ml *model.ModelLoader, appConfig *config.ApplicationConfig) (Model, *config.ModelConfig, error) {
-	cfgVAD, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(pipeline.VAD, ml.ModelPath)
+	cfgVAD, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, pipeline.VAD, ml.ModelPath)
 	if err != nil {
 
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load backend config: %w", err)
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ func newTranscriptionOnlyModel(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfig
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to validate config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	cfgSST, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(pipeline.Transcription, ml.ModelPath)
+	cfgSST, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, pipeline.Transcription, ml.ModelPath)
 	if err != nil {
 
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load backend config: %w", err)
@@ -542,11 +542,30 @@ func buildRealtimeRoutingContext(a *application.Application, sessionID string) *
 	}
 }
 
+// loadPipelineSubModel loads a pipeline sub-model config by name and follows a
+// single alias hop, so a pipeline that references an alias (e.g. `llm: default`)
+// gets the alias target's full config (Backend, Model, ...) rather than the
+// alias stub with an empty Backend. Without this the alias survives unresolved
+// into model loading and fails downstream — notably in distributed mode with
+// "backend name is empty". Mirrors the top-level alias resolution in
+// core/http/middleware/request.go.
+func loadPipelineSubModel(cl *config.ModelConfigLoader, name, modelPath string) (*config.ModelConfig, error) {
+	cfg, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(name, modelPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resolved, _, err := cl.ResolveAlias(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return resolved, nil
+}
+
 // returns and loads either a wrapped model or a model that support audio-to-audio
 func newModel(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfigLoader, ml *model.ModelLoader, appConfig *config.ApplicationConfig, evaluator *templates.Evaluator, routing *RealtimeRoutingContext) (Model, error) {
 	xlog.Debug("Creating new model pipeline model", "pipeline", pipeline)
 
-	cfgVAD, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(pipeline.VAD, ml.ModelPath)
+	cfgVAD, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, pipeline.VAD, ml.ModelPath)
 	if err != nil {
 
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load backend config: %w", err)
@@ -557,7 +576,7 @@ func newModel(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfigLoader, ml *model
 	}
 
 	// TODO: Do we always need a transcription model? It can be disabled. Note that any-to-any instruction following models don't transcribe as such, so if transcription is required it is a separate process
-	cfgSST, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(pipeline.Transcription, ml.ModelPath)
+	cfgSST, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, pipeline.Transcription, ml.ModelPath)
 	if err != nil {
 
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load backend config: %w", err)
@@ -589,7 +608,7 @@ func newModel(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfigLoader, ml *model
 	xlog.Debug("Loading a wrapped model")
 
 	// Otherwise we want to return a wrapped model, which is a "virtual" model that re-uses other models to perform operations
-	cfgLLM, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(pipeline.LLM, ml.ModelPath)
+	cfgLLM, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, pipeline.LLM, ml.ModelPath)
 	if err != nil {
 
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load backend config: %w", err)
@@ -604,7 +623,7 @@ func newModel(pipeline *config.Pipeline, cl *config.ModelConfigLoader, ml *model
 	applyPipelineReasoning(cfgLLM, *pipeline)
 	applyPipelineThinking(cfgLLM, *pipeline)
 
-	cfgTTS, err := cl.LoadModelConfigFileByName(pipeline.TTS, ml.ModelPath)
+	cfgTTS, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, pipeline.TTS, ml.ModelPath)
 	if err != nil {
 
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load backend config: %w", err)

core/http/endpoints/openai/realtime_model_alias_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package openai
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
+	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
+
+	"github.com/mudler/LocalAI/core/config"
+)
+
+// loadPipelineSubModel must resolve a pipeline sub-model that references an
+// alias (e.g. `llm: default`) one hop to the alias target's full config — so
+// the effective backend is the target's backend, not the empty backend of the
+// alias stub. This mirrors the top-level alias resolution done in
+// core/http/middleware/request.go, which the realtime pipeline previously
+// skipped (failing in distributed mode with "backend name is empty").
+var _ = Describe("loadPipelineSubModel", func() {
+	It("resolves a sub-model alias one hop to the target's config", func() {
+		tmpDir := GinkgoT().TempDir()
+
+		// A real model config with a concrete backend.
+		realLLM := `name: real-llm
+backend: llama-cpp
+parameters:
+  model: real-llm.gguf
+`
+		Expect(os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "real-llm.yaml"), []byte(realLLM), 0644)).To(Succeed())
+
+		// An alias pointing at the real model.
+		aliasCfg := `name: default
+alias: real-llm
+`
+		Expect(os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "default.yaml"), []byte(aliasCfg), 0644)).To(Succeed())
+
+		cl := config.NewModelConfigLoader(tmpDir)
+		Expect(cl.LoadModelConfigsFromPath(tmpDir)).To(Succeed())
+
+		// Resolving the alias must follow the hop to the target's full config.
+		resolved, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, "default", tmpDir)
+		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
+		Expect(resolved.IsAlias()).To(BeFalse())
+		Expect(resolved.Backend).To(Equal("llama-cpp"))
+
+		// A non-alias name must load unchanged.
+		direct, err := loadPipelineSubModel(cl, "real-llm", tmpDir)
+		Expect(err).NotTo(HaveOccurred())
+		Expect(direct.Backend).To(Equal("llama-cpp"))
+		Expect(direct.Name).To(Equal("real-llm"))
+	})
+})

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/en/chat.json

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
   "input": {
     "placeholder": "Message...",
     "attachFile": "Attach file",
+    "send": "Send message",
     "stopGenerating": "Stop generating",
     "canvasTitle": "Canvas — extract code blocks and media into a side panel for preview, copy, and download",
     "canvasLabel": "Canvas",

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/en/home.json

@@ -77,6 +77,21 @@
     "noModelsTitle": "No Models Available",
     "noModelsBody": "There are no models installed yet. Ask your administrator to set up models so you can start chatting."
   },
+  "starters": {
+    "title": "Recommended for your hardware",
+    "tier": {
+      "cpu": "CPU-only",
+      "gpu-small": "GPU",
+      "gpu-mid": "GPU",
+      "gpu-large": "GPU"
+    },
+    "cpuNote": "No GPU detected — these small models stay responsive on CPU.",
+    "gpuNote": "Picked to fit your available VRAM with room for context.",
+    "install": "Install",
+    "installing": "Installing",
+    "installStarted": "Installing {{model}}…",
+    "installFailed": "Install failed: {{message}}"
+  },
   "connect": {
     "title": "One endpoint, every API",
     "subtitle": "LocalAI serves its own full API — image & video generation, depth, object detection, reranking, audio, face & voice recognition, and realtime voice over WebRTC and WebSocket. On top of that, a drop-in compatibility layer lets any app built for OpenAI, Anthropic, Ollama or OpenAI Responses talk to it unchanged.",

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/en/models.json

@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@
   "title": "Install Models",
   "subtitle": "Browse and install AI models from the gallery",
   "models": "Models",
+  "recommended": {
+    "title": "Recommended for your hardware",
+    "cpuNote": "No GPU detected - small models that stay responsive on CPU.",
+    "gpuNote": "Sized to fit your available VRAM with room for context.",
+    "install": "Install",
+    "installing": "Installing",
+    "installStarted": "Installing {{model}}…",
+    "installFailed": "Install failed: {{message}}",
+    "dismiss": "Dismiss recommendations"
+  },
   "stats": {
     "available": "Available",
     "installed": "Installed"

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/id/admin.json

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
   },
   "scheduling": {
     "title": "Penjadwalan",
-    "subtitle": "Aturan penempatan model dan replika di seluruh klaster"
+    "subtitle": "Aturan penempatan model dan replika di seluruh kluster"
   },
   "p2p": {
     "title": "Komputasi AI Terdistribusi",
@@ -86,4 +86,4 @@
     "title": "Penjelajah",
     "subtitle": "Jelajahi file dan konfigurasi"
   }
-}
+}

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/id/chat.json

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
   "actions": {
     "copy": "Salin",
     "regenerate": "Hasilkan ulang",
-    "jumpToLatest": "Jump to latest"
+    "jumpToLatest": "Lompat ke terbaru"
   },
   "streaming": {
     "transferring": "Mentransfer model...",
@@ -115,4 +115,4 @@
     "clearAll": "Hapus semua",
     "deleteAllTitle": "Hapus semua percakapan"
   }
-}
+}

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/id/common.json

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
   "unsaved": {
-    "title": "Discard unsaved changes?",
-    "message": "You have unsaved changes that will be lost if you leave this page.",
-    "leave": "Leave"
+    "title": "Buang perubahan yang belum disimpan?",
+    "message": "Anda memiliki perubahan yang belum disimpan. Perubahan tersebut akan hilang jika Anda meninggalkan halaman ini.",
+    "leave": "Tinggalkan Halaman"
   },
   "actions": {
     "save": "Simpan",

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/id/home.json

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
   "resourceGpu": "GPU",
   "resourceRam": "RAM",
   "greeting": {
-    "morning": "Good morning",
-    "afternoon": "Good afternoon",
-    "evening": "Good evening",
-    "night": "Working late"
+    "morning": "Selamat pagi",
+    "afternoon": "Selamat siang",
+    "evening": "Selamat malam",
+    "night": "Selamat lembur"
   },
   "statusLine": {
-    "modelsLoaded_one": "{{count}} model loaded",
-    "modelsLoaded_other": "{{count}} models loaded",
-    "noModelsLoaded": "No models loaded",
+    "modelsLoaded_one": "{{count}} model dimuat",
+    "modelsLoaded_other": "{{count}} model dimuat",
+    "noModelsLoaded": "Tidak ada model yang dimuat",
     "nodes_one": "{{count}} node",
     "nodes_other": "{{count}} nodes"
   },
@@ -79,14 +79,14 @@
   },
   "connect": {
     "title": "Satu endpoint, semua API",
-    "subtitle": "LocalAI menyediakan API miliknya sendiri yang lengkap — pembuatan gambar & video, depth, deteksi objek, reranking, audio, pengenalan wajah & suara, serta suara realtime melalui WebRTC dan WebSocket. Di atas itu, lapisan kompatibilitas drop-in membuat aplikasi apa pun yang dibuat untuk OpenAI, Anthropic, Ollama, atau OpenAI Responses bekerja tanpa perubahan.",
+    "subtitle": "LocalAI menyediakan API miliknya sendiri yang lengkap — pembuatan gambar & video, depth, deteksi objek, reranking, audio, pengenalan wajah & suara, serta suara realtime melalui WebRTC dan WebSocket. Selain itu, lapisan kompatibilitas drop-in membuat aplikasi apa pun yang dibuat untuk OpenAI, Anthropic, Ollama, atau OpenAI Responses bekerja tanpa perubahan.",
     "nativeTitle": "API native",
     "compatTitle": "Kompatibilitas drop-in",
     "apiReference": "Referensi API lengkap",
     "copy": "Salin",
     "copied": "Disalin",
-    "browse": "Browse the API",
-    "hide": "Hide endpoints",
-    "dismiss": "Dismiss"
+    "browse": "Jelajahi API",
+    "hide": "Sembunyikan endpoint",
+    "dismiss": "Abaikan"
   }
 }

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/id/media.json

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
       "video": "Video",
       "tts": "TTS",
       "sound": "Suara",
-      "transform": "Transform"
+      "transform": "Transformasi"
     }
   },
   "image": {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
       "refImagesAdded_other": "{{count}} gambar ditambahkan"
     },
     "actions": {
-      "view": "View",
+      "view": "Lihat",
       "generate": "Hasilkan",
       "generating": "Menghasilkan..."
     },
@@ -153,4 +153,4 @@
     "clearConfirm": "Hapus",
     "cleared": "Riwayat dihapus"
   }
-}
+}

core/http/react-ui/public/locales/id/nav.json

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
     "operate": "Operasikan"
   },
   "operate": {
-    "inference": "Inference",
-    "cluster": "Cluster",
-    "observability": "Observability",
-    "access": "Access",
-    "system": "System"
+    "inference": "Inferensi",
+    "cluster": "Kluster",
+    "observability": "Observabilitas",
+    "access": "Akses",
+    "system": "Sistem"
   },
   "items": {
     "home": "Beranda",
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     "copyright": "© 2023-{{year}} {{author}}"
   },
   "console": {
-    "automation": "Otomasi",
+    "automation": "Automasi",
     "training": "Pelatihan"
   }
 }

core/http/react-ui/src/App.css

@@ -6363,6 +6363,130 @@ select.input {
   justify-content: center;
 }
 
+/* ──────────────────── Home: hardware-aware starter models ──────────────────── */
+
+.home-starters {
+  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
+  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
+}
+.home-starters-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: var(--spacing-md);
+}
+.home-starters-head strong {
+  font-size: 0.9375rem;
+}
+.home-starters-tier {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+}
+.home-starters-sub {
+  margin: var(--spacing-xs) 0 var(--spacing-md);
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
+}
+.home-starters-list {
+  list-style: none;
+  margin: 0;
+  padding: 0;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
+}
+.home-starters-item {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: var(--spacing-md);
+  padding: var(--spacing-xs) 0;
+}
+.home-starters-name {
+  font-weight: 500;
+  font-size: 0.875rem;
+  word-break: break-all;
+}
+.home-starters-badge {
+  font-size: 0.625rem;
+}
+.home-starters-size {
+  margin-left: auto;
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+/* ──────────────────── Models gallery: recommended-for-your-hardware strip ──────────────────── */
+
+.rec-models {
+  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
+  padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg);
+}
+.rec-models-head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: var(--spacing-md);
+}
+.rec-models-title {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+.rec-models-title i {
+  color: var(--color-primary);
+}
+.rec-models-note {
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  color: var(--color-text-secondary);
+}
+.rec-models-dismiss {
+  background: none;
+  border: none;
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+  cursor: pointer;
+  padding: 4px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+.rec-models-dismiss:hover {
+  color: var(--color-text-primary);
+}
+.rec-models-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(220px, 1fr));
+  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
+  margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
+}
+.rec-models-item {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
+  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
+  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-subtle);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+  background: var(--color-bg-primary);
+}
+.rec-models-item-name {
+  font-weight: 500;
+  font-size: 0.8125rem;
+  word-break: break-all;
+}
+.rec-models-item-meta {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
+  font-size: 0.75rem;
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+}
+.rec-models-item-fit {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+}
+
 /* ──────────────────── Home: drop-in endpoint / API compatibility ──────────────────── */
 
 .home-connect {

core/http/react-ui/src/components/ModelSelector.jsx

@@ -1,8 +1,25 @@
-import { useEffect, useMemo } from 'react'
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useCallback } from 'react'
 import { useModels } from '../hooks/useModels'
 import SearchableSelect from './SearchableSelect'
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 
+// Remember the last model the user picked, keyed by capability, so returning to
+// a page (Home chat box, Image, TTS, Talk...) defaults to that model instead of
+// whatever happens to sort first. Only persisted when a capability key exists —
+// `externalOptions` callers pass no capability and get the old first-item
+// behaviour. localStorage access is wrapped because private-browsing modes throw.
+const LAST_MODEL_PREFIX = 'localai_last_model:'
+
+function readLastModel(capability) {
+  if (!capability) return null
+  try { return localStorage.getItem(LAST_MODEL_PREFIX + capability) } catch { return null }
+}
+
+function writeLastModel(capability, model) {
+  if (!capability || !model) return
+  try { localStorage.setItem(LAST_MODEL_PREFIX + capability, model) } catch { /* ignore */ }
+}
+
 export default function ModelSelector({
   value, onChange, capability, className = '',
   options: externalOptions, loading: externalLoading,
@@ -19,16 +36,27 @@ export default function ModelSelector({
   const isLoading = externalOptions ? (externalLoading || false) : hookLoading
   const isDisabled = isLoading || (externalDisabled || false)
 
+  // Persist genuine selections so the next visit can restore them.
+  const handleChange = useCallback((next) => {
+    writeLastModel(capability, next)
+    onChange(next)
+  }, [capability, onChange])
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (modelNames.length > 0 && (!value || !modelNames.includes(value))) {
-      onChange(modelNames[0])
+      // Prefer the remembered model when it's still available; otherwise fall
+      // back to the first option. Don't re-persist here — auto-select is not a
+      // user choice, and writing back the stored value would be a harmless but
+      // pointless round-trip.
+      const remembered = readLastModel(capability)
+      onChange(remembered && modelNames.includes(remembered) ? remembered : modelNames[0])
     }
-  }, [modelNames, value, onChange])
+  }, [modelNames, value, onChange, capability])
 
   return (
     <SearchableSelect
       value={value || ''}
-      onChange={onChange}
+      onChange={handleChange}
       options={modelNames}
       placeholder={isLoading ? t('selector.loading') : (modelNames.length === 0 ? t('selector.noModels') : t('selector.selectModel'))}
       searchPlaceholder={searchPlaceholder || t('selector.searchPlaceholder')}

core/http/react-ui/src/components/RecommendedModels.jsx

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { useState } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { modelsApi } from '../utils/api'
+import { useRecommendedModels, isNvfp4Name } from '../hooks/useRecommendedModels'
+
+const DISMISS_KEY = 'localai_rec_models_dismissed'
+
+// "Recommended for your hardware" strip at the top of the Models gallery. Shares
+// the hardware-fit ranking with the empty-state starter widget via
+// useRecommendedModels, but styled for the gallery page and dismissible (the
+// gallery is a repeat-visit surface, so it shouldn't nag).
+export default function RecommendedModels({ addToast }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation('models')
+  const { recommended, tier, loading } = useRecommendedModels({ count: 4 })
+  const [installing, setInstalling] = useState(() => new Set())
+  const [dismissed, setDismissed] = useState(() => {
+    try { return localStorage.getItem(DISMISS_KEY) === '1' } catch { return false }
+  })
+
+  if (loading || dismissed) return null
+  if (!recommended || recommended.length === 0) return null
+
+  const dismiss = () => {
+    try { localStorage.setItem(DISMISS_KEY, '1') } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    setDismissed(true)
+  }
+
+  const install = async (name) => {
+    setInstalling(prev => new Set(prev).add(name))
+    try {
+      await modelsApi.install(name)
+      addToast?.(t('recommended.installStarted', { model: name }), 'success')
+    } catch (err) {
+      addToast?.(t('recommended.installFailed', { message: err.message }), 'error')
+      setInstalling(prev => {
+        const next = new Set(prev)
+        next.delete(name)
+        return next
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  const isGpu = tier.id !== 'cpu'
+
+  return (
+    <div className="rec-models card">
+      <div className="rec-models-head">
+        <div className="rec-models-title">
+          <i className={`fas ${isGpu ? 'fa-microchip' : 'fa-memory'}`} aria-hidden="true" />
+          <strong>{t('recommended.title')}</strong>
+          <span className="rec-models-note">{isGpu ? t('recommended.gpuNote') : t('recommended.cpuNote')}</span>
+        </div>
+        <button type="button" className="rec-models-dismiss" onClick={dismiss} aria-label={t('recommended.dismiss')} title={t('recommended.dismiss')}>
+          <i className="fas fa-times" aria-hidden="true" />
+        </button>
+      </div>
+      <div className="rec-models-grid">
+        {recommended.map(m => {
+          const busy = installing.has(m.name)
+          return (
+            <div key={m.name} className="rec-models-item">
+              <div className="rec-models-item-name">{m.name}</div>
+              <div className="rec-models-item-meta">
+                {isNvfp4Name(m.name) && <span className="badge badge-info">NVFP4</span>}
+                {m.sizeDisplay && <span>{m.sizeDisplay}</span>}
+                {isGpu && m.vramDisplay && (
+                  <span className="rec-models-item-fit"><i className="fas fa-microchip" aria-hidden="true" /> {m.vramDisplay}</span>
+                )}
+              </div>
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
+                disabled={busy}
+                onClick={() => install(m.name)}
+              >
+                {busy
+                  ? (<><i className="fas fa-spinner fa-spin" aria-hidden="true" /> {t('recommended.installing')}</>)
+                  : (<><i className="fas fa-download" aria-hidden="true" /> {t('recommended.install')}</>)}
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          )
+        })}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}

core/http/react-ui/src/components/StarterModels.jsx

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { useState } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import { modelsApi } from '../utils/api'
+import { useRecommendedModels, isNvfp4Name } from '../hooks/useRecommendedModels'
+
+// Static fallback used only when the live gallery / estimates can't be reached
+// (offline, trimmed gallery). The hook is the primary, data-driven path; these
+// are real gallery names kept as a safety net so onboarding never shows nothing.
+// Gemma picks use the QAT (quantization-aware-trained) Q4 builds. NVIDIA boxes
+// get NVFP4 + MTP variants at the mid/large tiers (see NVIDIA below).
+const BASE = {
+  cpu: [
+    { name: 'gemma-4-e2b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~1.5 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.5-4b-claude-4.6-opus-reasoning-distilled', size: '~2.5 GB' },
+    { name: 'gemma-4-e4b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~3 GB' },
+    { name: 'lfm2.5-1.2b-instruct', size: '~0.8 GB' },
+  ],
+  'gpu-small': [
+    { name: 'gemma-4-e4b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~3 GB' },
+    { name: 'lfm2.5-8b-a1b', size: '~5 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.5-9b', size: '~5.5 GB' },
+    { name: 'gemma-4-12b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~7 GB' },
+  ],
+  'gpu-mid': [
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-27b', size: '~16 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-27b-mtp-pi-tune', size: '~16 GB' },
+    { name: 'gemma-4-26b-a4b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~16 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.5-27b', size: '~16 GB' },
+  ],
+  'gpu-large': [
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-35b-a3b-apex', size: '~20 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-35b-a3b-claude-4.6-opus-reasoning-distilled', size: '~20 GB' },
+    { name: 'gemma-4-31b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~18 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.5-35b-a3b-apex', size: '~20 GB' },
+  ],
+}
+
+// NVIDIA-only overrides: NVFP4 is a Blackwell-optimised 4-bit format paired with
+// MTP (multi-token prediction) for speed. Only the mid/large tiers have these.
+const NVIDIA = {
+  'gpu-mid': [
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-27b-nvfp4-mtp', size: '~14 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-27b-mtp-pi-tune', size: '~16 GB' },
+    { name: 'gemma-4-26b-a4b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~16 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-27b', size: '~16 GB' },
+  ],
+  'gpu-large': [
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-35b-a3b-nvfp4-mtp', size: '~18 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-27b-nvfp4-mtp', size: '~14 GB' },
+    { name: 'qwen3.6-35b-a3b-apex', size: '~20 GB' },
+    { name: 'gemma-4-31b-it-qat-q4_0', size: '~18 GB' },
+  ],
+}
+
+function fallbackFor(tierId, isNvidia) {
+  if (isNvidia && NVIDIA[tierId]) return NVIDIA[tierId]
+  return BASE[tierId] || BASE.cpu
+}
+
+export default function StarterModels({ addToast, onInstallStarted }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation('home')
+  const { recommended, tier, isNvidia, loading } = useRecommendedModels({ count: 4 })
+  const [installing, setInstalling] = useState(() => new Set())
+
+  // While the hardware probe + gallery query are in flight, render nothing
+  // rather than flashing fallback content that may be replaced a moment later.
+  if (loading) return null
+
+  // Prefer live recommendations; fall back to the static list only when the
+  // gallery yielded nothing.
+  const items = (recommended && recommended.length > 0)
+    ? recommended.map(r => ({ name: r.name, size: r.sizeDisplay }))
+    : fallbackFor(tier.id, isNvidia)
+
+  if (items.length === 0) return null
+
+  const install = async (name) => {
+    setInstalling(prev => new Set(prev).add(name))
+    try {
+      await modelsApi.install(name)
+      addToast?.(t('starters.installStarted', { model: name }), 'success')
+      onInstallStarted?.(name)
+    } catch (err) {
+      addToast?.(t('starters.installFailed', { message: err.message }), 'error')
+      setInstalling(prev => {
+        const next = new Set(prev)
+        next.delete(name)
+        return next
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <section className="home-starters card">
+      <div className="home-starters-head">
+        <strong>{t('starters.title')}</strong>
+        <span className="home-starters-tier">
+          <i className={`fas ${tier.id === 'cpu' ? 'fa-memory' : 'fa-microchip'}`} aria-hidden="true" />
+          {t(`starters.tier.${tier.id}`)}
+        </span>
+      </div>
+      <p className="home-starters-sub">
+        {tier.id === 'cpu' ? t('starters.cpuNote') : t('starters.gpuNote')}
+      </p>
+      <ul className="home-starters-list">
+        {items.map(c => {
+          const busy = installing.has(c.name)
+          return (
+            <li key={c.name} className="home-starters-item">
+              <span className="home-starters-name">{c.name}</span>
+              {isNvfp4Name(c.name) && <span className="badge badge-info home-starters-badge">NVFP4</span>}
+              {c.size && <span className="home-starters-size">{c.size}</span>}
+              <button
+                type="button"
+                className="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
+                disabled={busy}
+                onClick={() => install(c.name)}
+              >
+                {busy
+                  ? (<><i className="fas fa-spinner fa-spin" aria-hidden="true" /> {t('starters.installing')}</>)
+                  : (<><i className="fas fa-download" aria-hidden="true" /> {t('starters.install')}</>)}
+              </button>
+            </li>
+          )
+        })}
+      </ul>
+    </section>
+  )
+}

core/http/react-ui/src/hooks/usePolling.js

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useCallback } from 'react'
+
+// usePolling runs `fn` immediately and then on a fixed interval, with two
+// behaviours every hand-rolled setInterval in this app was missing:
+//
+//   1. Visibility-aware: the timer pauses while the tab is hidden
+//      (document.hidden) and fires an immediate catch-up poll when the tab
+//      becomes visible again. A backgrounded dashboard no longer hammers the
+//      server every few seconds for data nobody is looking at.
+//   2. Non-overlapping: if `fn` returns a promise that takes longer than the
+//      interval, the next tick waits for it instead of stacking requests.
+//
+// `enabled: false` stops polling entirely (one-shot or gated polls). The
+// returned `refetch` runs `fn` on demand and is stable across renders.
+export function usePolling(fn, intervalMs = 5000, { enabled = true, immediate = true } = {}) {
+  const fnRef = useRef(fn)
+  fnRef.current = fn
+
+  const runningRef = useRef(false)
+  const refetch = useCallback(async () => {
+    // Guard against overlap: a slow poll shouldn't pile up behind a fast timer.
+    if (runningRef.current) return
+    runningRef.current = true
+    try {
+      return await fnRef.current()
+    } finally {
+      runningRef.current = false
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!enabled) return
+    let timer = null
+
+    const tick = () => { refetch() }
+
+    const start = () => {
+      if (timer != null) return
+      timer = setInterval(tick, intervalMs)
+    }
+    const stop = () => {
+      if (timer != null) { clearInterval(timer); timer = null }
+    }
+
+    const onVisibility = () => {
+      if (document.hidden) {
+        stop()
+      } else {
+        // Catch up immediately on return, then resume the cadence.
+        tick()
+        start()
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (immediate) tick()
+    if (!document.hidden) start()
+    document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', onVisibility)
+
+    return () => {
+      stop()
+      document.removeEventListener('visibilitychange', onVisibility)
+    }
+  }, [enabled, intervalMs, immediate, refetch])
+
+  return { refetch }
+}

core/http/react-ui/src/hooks/useRecommendedModels.js

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import { useState, useEffect } from 'react'
+import { modelsApi } from '../utils/api'
+import { useResources } from './useResources'
+
+// Data-driven "recommended for your hardware" model picks. The gallery exposes
+// no popularity/download signal and the list response carries no size, so we:
+//   1. ask the server for chat-capable models in their natural (curated) order,
+//   2. estimate size/VRAM for the top candidates (same endpoint the Models page
+//      uses), and
+//   3. rank by hardware fit — smallest on CPU-only boxes, largest-that-fits on
+//      GPUs (bigger == better quality while still fitting VRAM).
+//
+// Returns `recommended === null` while loading, `[]` when nothing could be
+// resolved (gallery/estimates unavailable) so callers can fall back.
+
+const GB = 1024 * 1024 * 1024
+const DEFAULT_CTX = 4096
+
+// NVFP4 is a Blackwell/NVIDIA-specific 4-bit format — only worth suggesting on
+// NVIDIA hardware, and to be filtered out elsewhere.
+export const isNvfp4Name = (name) => /nvfp4/i.test(name || '')
+
+export function hasNvidiaGpu(resources) {
+  return Array.isArray(resources?.gpus) &&
+    resources.gpus.some(g => (g?.vendor || '').toLowerCase() === 'nvidia')
+}
+
+export function recommendTier(resources) {
+  const isGpu = resources?.type === 'gpu'
+  const vram = resources?.aggregate?.total_memory || 0
+  if (!isGpu || vram <= 0) return { id: 'cpu', vram: 0 }
+  if (vram < 8 * GB) return { id: 'gpu-small', vram }
+  if (vram < 24 * GB) return { id: 'gpu-mid', vram }
+  return { id: 'gpu-large', vram }
+}
+
+function rank(candidates, tier, count, isNvidia) {
+  // NVFP4 only runs on NVIDIA (Blackwell) — drop it everywhere else, and prefer
+  // it on NVIDIA boxes where it's the fastest path.
+  const pool = candidates.filter(c => c.sizeBytes != null && (isNvidia || !isNvfp4Name(c.name)))
+  if (tier.id === 'cpu') {
+    // No GPU: smallest models stay responsive on CPU.
+    return [...pool].sort((a, b) => a.sizeBytes - b.sizeBytes).slice(0, count)
+  }
+  const limit = tier.vram * 0.95
+  const fits = pool.filter(c => c.vramBytes != null && c.vramBytes <= limit)
+  const base = fits.length > 0 ? fits : pool // tiny GPU where nothing fits → fall through to smallest
+  const byPreference = (a, b) => {
+    // On NVIDIA, surface NVFP4 first; then largest-that-fits (best quality).
+    if (isNvidia) {
+      const an = isNvfp4Name(a.name), bn = isNvfp4Name(b.name)
+      if (an !== bn) return an ? -1 : 1
+    }
+    return fits.length > 0 ? b.sizeBytes - a.sizeBytes : a.sizeBytes - b.sizeBytes
+  }
+  return [...base].sort(byPreference).slice(0, count)
+}
+
+export function useRecommendedModels({ count = 4, candidatePool = 10 } = {}) {
+  const { resources } = useResources()
+  const [recommended, setRecommended] = useState(null)
+  const [error, setError] = useState(null)
+
+  const resReady = resources !== null
+  const tier = recommendTier(resources)
+  const isNvidia = hasNvidiaGpu(resources)
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!resReady) return
+    let cancelled = false
+    setRecommended(null)
+    setError(null)
+    ;(async () => {
+      try {
+        const data = await modelsApi.list({ tag: 'chat', items: candidatePool, page: 1 })
+        // Recommend models the user hasn't installed yet.
+        const models = (data?.models || []).filter(m => !m.installed)
+        const estimated = await Promise.all(models.map(async (m) => {
+          const name = m.name || m.id
+          try {
+            const e = await modelsApi.estimate(name, [DEFAULT_CTX])
+            const ctx = e?.estimates?.[String(DEFAULT_CTX)]
+            return {
+              name,
+              description: m.description,
+              sizeBytes: e?.sizeBytes ?? null,
+              sizeDisplay: e?.sizeDisplay ?? null,
+              vramBytes: ctx?.vramBytes ?? null,
+              vramDisplay: ctx?.vramDisplay ?? null,
+            }
+          } catch {
+            return { name, sizeBytes: null }
+          }
+        }))
+        if (cancelled) return
+        setRecommended(rank(estimated, tier, count, isNvidia))
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (cancelled) return
+        setError(e.message)
+        setRecommended([])
+      }
+    })()
+    return () => { cancelled = true }
+    // tier.id / tier.vram / isNvidia are primitives, so resource polling doesn't re-run this.
+  }, [resReady, tier.id, tier.vram, isNvidia, count, candidatePool])
+
+  return { recommended, tier, isNvidia, error, loading: recommended === null }
+}

core/http/react-ui/src/hooks/useResources.js

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-import { useState, useEffect, useCallback, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useState, useCallback } from 'react'
 import { resourcesApi } from '../utils/api'
+import { usePolling } from './usePolling'
 
 export function useResources(pollInterval = 5000) {
   const [resources, setResources] = useState(null)
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
   const [error, setError] = useState(null)
-  const intervalRef = useRef(null)
 
   const fetchResources = useCallback(async () => {
     try {
@@ -19,13 +19,10 @@ export function useResources(pollInterval = 5000) {
     }
   }, [])
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    fetchResources()
-    intervalRef.current = setInterval(fetchResources, pollInterval)
-    return () => {
-      if (intervalRef.current) clearInterval(intervalRef.current)
-    }
-  }, [fetchResources, pollInterval])
+  // Visibility-aware polling: pauses while the tab is hidden and catches up on
+  // return (see usePolling). Resource stats are pure dashboard data, so there's
+  // no reason to keep fetching them for a backgrounded tab.
+  const { refetch } = usePolling(fetchResources, pollInterval)
 
-  return { resources, loading, error, refetch: fetchResources }
+  return { resources, loading, error, refetch }
 }

core/http/react-ui/src/pages/AgentChat.jsx

@@ -765,8 +765,10 @@ export default function AgentChat() {
             className="chat-send-btn"
             onClick={handleSend}
             disabled={processing || !input.trim()}
+            aria-label="Send message"
+            title="Send message"
           >
-            <i className="fas fa-paper-plane" />
+            <i className="fas fa-paper-plane" aria-hidden="true" />
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>

core/http/react-ui/src/pages/Chat.jsx

@@ -1427,8 +1427,10 @@ export default function Chat() {
                 className="chat-send-btn"
                 onClick={handleSend}
                 disabled={!input.trim() && files.length === 0}
+                aria-label={t('input.send')}
+                title={t('input.send')}
               >
-                <i className="fas fa-paper-plane" />
+                <i className="fas fa-paper-plane" aria-hidden="true" />
               </button>
             )}
           </div>

core/http/react-ui/src/pages/Home.jsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import UnifiedMCPDropdown from '../components/UnifiedMCPDropdown'
 import ConfirmDialog from '../components/ConfirmDialog'
 import HomeConnect from '../components/HomeConnect'
 import { useResources } from '../hooks/useResources'
+import { usePolling } from '../hooks/usePolling'
 import { fileToBase64, backendControlApi, systemApi, modelsApi, mcpApi, nodesApi } from '../utils/api'
 import { API_CONFIG } from '../utils/config'
 import { greetingKey } from '../utils/greeting'
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import StatusPill from '../components/StatusPill'
 import Skeleton from '../components/Skeleton'
 import SectionHeading from '../components/SectionHeading'
 import EmptyState from '../components/EmptyState'
+import StarterModels from '../components/StarterModels'
 import { staggerStyle } from '../hooks/useStagger'
 
 export default function Home() {
@@ -68,40 +70,36 @@ export default function Home() {
       .catch(() => {})
   }, [])
 
-  // Poll cluster node data in distributed mode
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!distributedMode) return
-    const fetchCluster = async () => {
-      try {
-        const data = await nodesApi.list()
-        const nodes = Array.isArray(data) ? data : []
-        const backendNodes = nodes.filter(n => !n.node_type || n.node_type === 'backend')
-        const totalVRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => sum + (n.total_vram || 0), 0)
-        const usedVRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => {
-          if (n.total_vram && n.available_vram != null) return sum + (n.total_vram - n.available_vram)
-          return sum
-        }, 0)
-        const totalRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => sum + (n.total_ram || 0), 0)
-        const usedRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => {
-          if (n.total_ram && n.available_ram != null) return sum + (n.total_ram - n.available_ram)
-          return sum
-        }, 0)
-        const isGPU = totalVRAM > 0
-        const healthyCount = backendNodes.filter(n => n.status === 'healthy').length
-        const totalCount = backendNodes.length
-        setClusterData({
-          totalMem: isGPU ? totalVRAM : totalRAM,
-          usedMem: isGPU ? usedVRAM : usedRAM,
-          isGPU,
-          healthyCount,
-          totalCount,
-        })
-      } catch { setClusterData(null) }
-    }
-    fetchCluster()
-    const interval = setInterval(fetchCluster, 5000)
-    return () => clearInterval(interval)
-  }, [distributedMode])
+  // Poll cluster node data in distributed mode. Visibility-aware + gated on
+  // distributedMode so a non-distributed or backgrounded tab makes no calls.
+  const fetchCluster = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const data = await nodesApi.list()
+      const nodes = Array.isArray(data) ? data : []
+      const backendNodes = nodes.filter(n => !n.node_type || n.node_type === 'backend')
+      const totalVRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => sum + (n.total_vram || 0), 0)
+      const usedVRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => {
+        if (n.total_vram && n.available_vram != null) return sum + (n.total_vram - n.available_vram)
+        return sum
+      }, 0)
+      const totalRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => sum + (n.total_ram || 0), 0)
+      const usedRAM = backendNodes.reduce((sum, n) => {
+        if (n.total_ram && n.available_ram != null) return sum + (n.total_ram - n.available_ram)
+        return sum
+      }, 0)
+      const isGPU = totalVRAM > 0
+      const healthyCount = backendNodes.filter(n => n.status === 'healthy').length
+      const totalCount = backendNodes.length
+      setClusterData({
+        totalMem: isGPU ? totalVRAM : totalRAM,
+        usedMem: isGPU ? usedVRAM : usedRAM,
+        isGPU,
+        healthyCount,
+        totalCount,
+      })
+    } catch { setClusterData(null) }
+  }, [])
+  usePolling(fetchCluster, 5000, { enabled: distributedMode })
 
   // Fetch configured models (to know if any exist) and loaded models (currently running)
   const fetchSystemInfo = useCallback(async () => {
@@ -123,11 +121,7 @@ export default function Home() {
     }
   }, [])
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    fetchSystemInfo()
-    const interval = setInterval(fetchSystemInfo, 5000)
-    return () => clearInterval(interval)
-  }, [fetchSystemInfo])
+  usePolling(fetchSystemInfo, 5000)
 
   // Check MCP availability when selected model changes
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -523,6 +517,8 @@ export default function Home() {
             </div>
           </div>
 
+          <StarterModels addToast={addToast} onInstallStarted={fetchSystemInfo} />
+
           <div className="home-wizard-actions">
             <button className="btn btn-primary" onClick={() => navigate('/app/models')}>
               <i className="fas fa-store" /> {t('wizard.browseGallery')}

core/http/react-ui/src/pages/Models.jsx

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import ConfirmDialog from '../components/ConfirmDialog'
 import GalleryLoader from '../components/GalleryLoader'
 import Toggle from '../components/Toggle'
 import ResponsiveTable from '../components/ResponsiveTable'
+import RecommendedModels from '../components/RecommendedModels'
 import React from 'react'
 
 
@@ -301,6 +302,8 @@ export default function Models() {
         }
       />
 
+      <RecommendedModels addToast={addToast} />
+
       {/* Search */}
       <div className="search-bar" style={{ marginBottom: 'var(--spacing-md)' }}>
         <i className="fas fa-search search-icon" />

core/http/react-ui/src/pages/Usage.jsx

@@ -24,7 +24,37 @@ function formatNumber(n) {
   return String(n)
 }
 
-function StatCard({ icon, label, value, muted }) {
+// Opt-in token pricing. LocalAI is self-hosted and has no inherent monetary
+// cost, but multi-user deployments use estimated cost for chargeback/budgeting.
+// Prices are admin-supplied $ per 1M tokens, stored locally (per-browser), and
+// the whole cost surface stays hidden until a non-zero price is set.
+const TOKEN_PRICING_KEY = 'localai_token_pricing'
+
+function loadPricing() {
+  try {
+    const p = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(TOKEN_PRICING_KEY) || '{}')
+    return { prompt: Number(p.prompt) || 0, completion: Number(p.completion) || 0 }
+  } catch { return { prompt: 0, completion: 0 } }
+}
+
+function savePricing(p) {
+  try { localStorage.setItem(TOKEN_PRICING_KEY, JSON.stringify(p)) } catch { /* ignore */ }
+}
+
+function pricingEnabled(p) { return (p?.prompt || 0) > 0 || (p?.completion || 0) > 0 }
+
+function costOf(row, p) {
+  return (row.prompt_tokens / 1_000_000) * (p.prompt || 0)
+       + (row.completion_tokens / 1_000_000) * (p.completion || 0)
+}
+
+function formatCost(n) {
+  if (!n) return '$0.00'
+  if (n < 0.01) return '<$0.01'
+  return '$' + n.toFixed(2)
+}
+
+function StatCard({ icon, label, value, muted, text }) {
   return (
     <div className="card" style={{ padding: 'var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md)', flex: '1 1 0', minWidth: 120, opacity: muted ? 0.7 : 1 }}>
       <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 6, marginBottom: 2 }}>
@@ -32,7 +62,7 @@ function StatCard({ icon, label, value, muted }) {
         <span style={{ fontSize: '0.6875rem', color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', fontWeight: 500, textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: '0.03em' }}>{label}</span>
       </div>
       <div style={{ fontSize: '1.375rem', fontWeight: 700, fontFamily: 'var(--font-mono)', color: muted ? 'var(--color-text-secondary)' : 'var(--color-text-primary)' }}>
-        {muted ? '~' : ''}{formatNumber(value)}
+        {text != null ? text : `${muted ? '~' : ''}${formatNumber(value)}`}
       </div>
     </div>
   )
@@ -642,6 +672,10 @@ export default function Usage() {
   const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState('models')
   const [quotas, setQuotas] = useState([])
   const [selectedUserId, setSelectedUserId] = useState(null)
+  const [pricing, setPricingState] = useState(loadPricing)
+  const [showPricing, setShowPricing] = useState(false)
+  const setPricing = (p) => { setPricingState(p); savePricing(p) }
+  const costEnabled = pricingEnabled(pricing)
 
   const fetchUsage = useCallback(async () => {
     setLoading(true)
@@ -743,11 +777,50 @@ export default function Usage() {
           <i className="fas fa-key" style={{ fontSize: '0.7rem' }} /> {t('usage.sources.tab')}
         </button>
         <div style={{ flex: 1 }} />
+        <button
+          className={`btn btn-sm ${costEnabled ? 'btn-primary' : 'btn-secondary'}`}
+          onClick={() => setShowPricing(v => !v)}
+          style={{ gap: 4 }}
+          title="Set token pricing to estimate cost"
+        >
+          <i className="fas fa-dollar-sign" /> {costEnabled ? 'Pricing' : 'Set pricing'}
+        </button>
         <button className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" onClick={fetchUsage} disabled={loading} style={{ gap: 4 }}>
           <i className={`fas fa-rotate${loading ? ' fa-spin' : ''}`} /> Refresh
         </button>
       </div>
 
+      {showPricing && (
+        <div className="card" style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'flex-end', gap: 'var(--spacing-md)', flexWrap: 'wrap', padding: 'var(--spacing-md)', marginBottom: 'var(--spacing-md)' }}>
+          <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: 2 }}>
+            <label style={{ fontSize: '0.6875rem', color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: '0.03em' }}>Prompt $/1M tokens</label>
+            <input
+              className="input" type="number" min="0" step="0.01" style={{ width: 140 }}
+              value={pricing.prompt || ''}
+              placeholder="0.00"
+              onChange={e => setPricing({ ...pricing, prompt: Number(e.target.value) || 0 })}
+            />
+          </div>
+          <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: 2 }}>
+            <label style={{ fontSize: '0.6875rem', color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', textTransform: 'uppercase', letterSpacing: '0.03em' }}>Completion $/1M tokens</label>
+            <input
+              className="input" type="number" min="0" step="0.01" style={{ width: 140 }}
+              value={pricing.completion || ''}
+              placeholder="0.00"
+              onChange={e => setPricing({ ...pricing, completion: Number(e.target.value) || 0 })}
+            />
+          </div>
+          {costEnabled && (
+            <button className="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" onClick={() => setPricing({ prompt: 0, completion: 0 })} style={{ gap: 4 }}>
+              <i className="fas fa-times" /> Clear
+            </button>
+          )}
+          <span style={{ fontSize: '0.75rem', color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', flex: '1 1 200px' }}>
+            Estimated cost only. Prices are stored in this browser and applied to recorded token counts.
+          </span>
+        </div>
+      )}
+
       {loading ? (
         <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', padding: 'var(--spacing-xl)' }}>
           <LoadingSpinner size="lg" />
@@ -760,6 +833,9 @@ export default function Usage() {
             <StatCard icon="fas fa-arrow-up" label="Prompt" value={displayTotals.prompt_tokens} />
             <StatCard icon="fas fa-arrow-down" label="Completion" value={displayTotals.completion_tokens} />
             <StatCard icon="fas fa-coins" label="Total" value={displayTotals.total_tokens} />
+            {costEnabled && (
+              <StatCard icon="fas fa-dollar-sign" label="Est. Cost" text={formatCost(costOf(displayTotals, pricing))} />
+            )}
           </div>
 
           {/* Predictions */}
@@ -789,6 +865,7 @@ export default function Usage() {
                       <th style={{ width: 110 }}>Prompt</th>
                       <th style={{ width: 110 }}>Completion</th>
                       <th style={{ width: 110 }}>Total</th>
+                      {costEnabled && <th style={{ width: 100 }}>Est. Cost</th>}
                       <th style={{ width: 140 }}></th>
                     </tr>
                   </thead>
@@ -800,6 +877,7 @@ export default function Usage() {
                         <td style={monoCell}>{formatNumber(row.prompt_tokens)}</td>
                         <td style={monoCell}>{formatNumber(row.completion_tokens)}</td>
                         <td style={{ ...monoCell, fontWeight: 600 }}>{formatNumber(row.total_tokens)}</td>
+                        {costEnabled && <td style={monoCell}>{formatCost(costOf(row, pricing))}</td>}
                         <td><UsageBar value={row.total_tokens} max={maxTokens} /></td>
                       </tr>
                     ))}
@@ -827,6 +905,7 @@ export default function Usage() {
                       <th style={{ width: 110 }}>Prompt</th>
                       <th style={{ width: 110 }}>Completion</th>
                       <th style={{ width: 110 }}>Total</th>
+                      {costEnabled && <th style={{ width: 100 }}>Est. Cost</th>}
                       <th style={{ width: 110 }}>Proj. Total</th>
                       <th style={{ width: 140 }}></th>
                     </tr>
@@ -849,6 +928,7 @@ export default function Usage() {
                             <td style={monoCell}>{formatNumber(row.prompt_tokens)}</td>
                             <td style={monoCell}>{formatNumber(row.completion_tokens)}</td>
                             <td style={{ ...monoCell, fontWeight: 600 }}>{formatNumber(row.total_tokens)}</td>
+                            {costEnabled && <td style={monoCell}>{formatCost(costOf(row, pricing))}</td>}
                             <td style={{ ...monoCell, color: 'var(--color-text-muted)', fontStyle: 'italic' }}>
                               {up?.predictions ? `~${formatNumber(up.predictions.projectedTotals.total_tokens)}` : '-'}
                             </td>
@@ -856,7 +936,7 @@ export default function Usage() {
                           </tr>
                           {isExpanded && up && (
                             <tr>
-                              <td colSpan={8} style={{ padding: 0, background: 'var(--color-bg-secondary)' }}>
+                              <td colSpan={costEnabled ? 9 : 8} style={{ padding: 0, background: 'var(--color-bg-secondary)' }}>
                                 <div style={{ padding: 'var(--spacing-md)' }}>
                                   {up.predictions && (
                                     <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: 'repeat(auto-fit, minmax(100px, 1fr))', gap: 'var(--spacing-xs)', marginBottom: 'var(--spacing-sm)' }}>

core/services/nodes/router.go

@@ -156,7 +156,10 @@ func applyNodeHardwareDefaults(opts *pb.ModelOptions, node *BackendNode) {
 		VRAM:              node.TotalVRAM,
 	}
 	if config.IsManagedPhysicalBatch(int(opts.NBatch)) {
-		opts.NBatch = int32(config.PhysicalBatch(gpu))
+		// Gate the raised batch on the selected node's per-device VRAM at this
+		// model's context, so a large context can't overflow the node's compute
+		// buffer (issue #10485). node.TotalVRAM is the node's reported ceiling.
+		opts.NBatch = int32(config.PhysicalBatchForContext(gpu, int(opts.ContextSize)))
 	}
 	// Default concurrent serving for the selected node (the frontend that built
 	// the options may have no GPU). Only adds when no parallel option is set.

core/services/nodes/router_hardware_internal_test.go

@@ -8,12 +8,19 @@ import (
 )
 
 var _ = Describe("applyNodeHardwareDefaults", func() {
-	It("raises a managed default batch on a Blackwell node", func() {
-		opts := &pb.ModelOptions{NBatch: config.DefaultPhysicalBatch}
-		applyNodeHardwareDefaults(opts, &BackendNode{GPUComputeCapability: "12.1"})
+	It("raises a managed default batch on a Blackwell node with headroom", func() {
+		opts := &pb.ModelOptions{NBatch: config.DefaultPhysicalBatch, ContextSize: 8192}
+		applyNodeHardwareDefaults(opts, &BackendNode{GPUComputeCapability: "12.1", TotalVRAM: 119 << 30})
 		Expect(opts.NBatch).To(BeEquivalentTo(config.BlackwellPhysicalBatch))
 	})
 
+	It("keeps the default batch when a large context would overflow the node", func() {
+		// Regression guard for issue #10485 on the distributed path.
+		opts := &pb.ModelOptions{NBatch: config.DefaultPhysicalBatch, ContextSize: 204800}
+		applyNodeHardwareDefaults(opts, &BackendNode{GPUComputeCapability: "12.0", TotalVRAM: 16 << 30})
+		Expect(opts.NBatch).To(BeEquivalentTo(config.DefaultPhysicalBatch))
+	})
+
 	It("resets a Blackwell guess on a non-Blackwell node", func() {
 		// frontend (Blackwell) guessed high, but the selected node is not Blackwell
 		opts := &pb.ModelOptions{NBatch: config.BlackwellPhysicalBatch}

docs/data/version.json

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "version": "v4.4.3"
+  "version": "v4.5.0"
 }

gallery/index.yaml

@@ -3,24 +3,7 @@
   url: "github:mudler/LocalAI/gallery/virtual.yaml@master"
   urls:
     - https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-GGUF
-  description: |
-    Try LFM • Docs • LEAP • Discord
-
-    # LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct
-
-    LFM2.5 is a new family of hybrid models designed for **on-device deployment**. It builds on the LFM2 architecture with extended pre-training and reinforcement learning.
-
-      - **Best-in-class performance**: A 1.2B model rivaling much larger models, bringing high-quality AI to your pocket.
-      - **Fast edge inference**: 239 tok/s decode on AMD CPU, 82 tok/s on mobile NPU. Runs under 1GB of memory with day-one support for llama.cpp, MLX, and vLLM.
-      - **Scaled training**: Extended pre-training from 10T to 28T tokens and large-scale multi-stage reinforcement learning.
-
-    Find more information about LFM2.5 in our blog post.
-
-    ## 🗒️ Model Details
-
-    LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct is a general-purpose text-only model with the following features:
-
-    ...
+  description: "Try LFM • Docs • LEAP • Discord\n\n# LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct\n\nLFM2.5 is a new family of hybrid models designed for **on-device deployment**. It builds on the LFM2 architecture with extended pre-training and reinforcement learning.\n\n  - **Best-in-class performance**: A 1.2B model rivaling much larger models, bringing high-quality AI to your pocket.\n  - **Fast edge inference**: 239 tok/s decode on AMD CPU, 82 tok/s on mobile NPU. Runs under 1GB of memory with day-one support for llama.cpp, MLX, and vLLM.\n  - **Scaled training**: Extended pre-training from 10T to 28T tokens and large-scale multi-stage reinforcement learning.\n\nFind more information about LFM2.5 in our blog post.\n\n## \U0001F5D2️ Model Details\n\nLFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct is a general-purpose text-only model with the following features:\n\n...\n"
   license: "other"
   tags:
     - llm
@@ -842,8 +825,8 @@
       use_tokenizer_template: true
   files:
     - filename: llama-cpp/models/Qwopus3.6-27B-Coder-MTP-GGUF/Qwopus3.6-27B-Coder-MTP-Q4_K_M.gguf
-      sha256: b2898667ed7b2388f0ab7691393833ae777f247492bbe62fdb4b2bd3e3cf3f79
       uri: https://huggingface.co/Jackrong/Qwopus3.6-27B-Coder-MTP-GGUF/resolve/main/Qwopus3.6-27B-Coder-MTP-Q4_K_M.gguf
+      sha256: b2b9180093496da2e00439e3fa23227c591355901bfa579bc6897bbc01b755ef
     - filename: llama-cpp/mmproj/Qwopus3.6-27B-Coder-MTP-GGUF/mmproj-F32.gguf
       sha256: 32f7ea0600c07272547da401d460f8abbd980f3a57b69d6df87be0e2505e0b9c
       uri: https://huggingface.co/Jackrong/Qwopus3.6-27B-Coder-MTP-GGUF/resolve/main/mmproj-F32.gguf

pkg/xsysinfo/gpu.go

@@ -129,6 +129,61 @@ func TotalAvailableVRAM() (uint64, error) {
 	return 0, nil
 }
 
+// MinPerGPUVRAM returns the total VRAM of the SMALLEST GPU on the host (in
+// bytes), or 0 when no per-device VRAM is known. Unlike TotalAvailableVRAM
+// (which sums across devices) this reports a single device's ceiling, which is
+// the right figure for decisions about what must fit on one card: the compute
+// buffer (sized by n_ubatch) and the parallel-slot tier. Summing a multi-GPU
+// host's VRAM over-provisions those into a per-device OOM (issue #10485).
+//
+// Unified-memory devices (GB10, Apple) report system RAM as their single
+// device's VRAM, so they are unaffected.
+func MinPerGPUVRAM() (uint64, error) {
+	// Prefer per-device binary detection (nvidia-smi/rocm-smi report true
+	// per-card VRAM); ghw's per-card memory can reflect NUMA node RAM on some
+	// hosts, which is why TotalAvailableVRAM treats it as a sum.
+	if infos := GetGPUMemoryUsage(); len(infos) > 0 {
+		if v := minNonZeroVRAM(infos); v > 0 {
+			return v, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Fallback: ghw per-card memory, taking the minimum non-zero card.
+	if gpus, err := GPUs(); err == nil {
+		var min uint64
+		for _, gpu := range gpus {
+			if gpu == nil || gpu.Node == nil || gpu.Node.Memory == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if b := gpu.Node.Memory.TotalUsableBytes; b > 0 {
+				if u := uint64(b); min == 0 || u < min {
+					min = u
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if min > 0 {
+			return min, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+// minNonZeroVRAM returns the smallest non-zero TotalVRAM across the given GPUs,
+// or 0 when none report VRAM.
+func minNonZeroVRAM(infos []GPUMemoryInfo) uint64 {
+	var min uint64
+	for _, g := range infos {
+		if g.TotalVRAM == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if min == 0 || g.TotalVRAM < min {
+			min = g.TotalVRAM
+		}
+	}
+	return min
+}
+
 func HasGPU(vendor string) bool {
 	gpus, err := GPUs()
 	if err != nil {

pkg/xsysinfo/minvram_internal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package xsysinfo
+
+import (
+	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
+	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
+)
+
+var _ = Describe("minNonZeroVRAM", func() {
+	const gib = uint64(1) << 30
+
+	It("returns the smallest device on a multi-GPU host", func() {
+		// Two unequal cards (e.g. RTX 5070 Ti + 5060 Ti, both 16 GiB, or a
+		// mixed pair): the smallest device is the per-card allocation ceiling.
+		infos := []GPUMemoryInfo{
+			{TotalVRAM: 16 * gib},
+			{TotalVRAM: 12 * gib},
+		}
+		Expect(minNonZeroVRAM(infos)).To(Equal(12 * gib))
+	})
+
+	It("ignores devices that report zero VRAM", func() {
+		infos := []GPUMemoryInfo{
+			{TotalVRAM: 0},
+			{TotalVRAM: 24 * gib},
+		}
+		Expect(minNonZeroVRAM(infos)).To(Equal(24 * gib))
+	})
+
+	It("returns the single device's VRAM on a one-GPU host", func() {
+		Expect(minNonZeroVRAM([]GPUMemoryInfo{{TotalVRAM: 16 * gib}})).To(Equal(16 * gib))
+	})
+
+	It("returns 0 when no device reports VRAM", func() {
+		Expect(minNonZeroVRAM([]GPUMemoryInfo{{TotalVRAM: 0}})).To(BeZero())
+		Expect(minNonZeroVRAM(nil)).To(BeZero())
+	})
+})