Ettore Di Giacinto 348b0860dc test(distributed): prove the fan-out carrier between two real replicas
Removing the broker left one thing carrying every broadcast family in the
product: PostgreSQL LISTEN/NOTIFY, in core/services/pgbus. It is covered
thoroughly in process by test-e2e-distributed, and it was covered nowhere at
all by real binaries: grepping the six Cluster spec files for pgbus,
bus_messages, LISTEN and NOTIFY returned zero hits. Registration, model staging
over the tunnel and inference through both the owner and the relay paths were
already proven by real processes; the carrier that now carries everything else
was not, so a deployment whose replicas each published to themselves and heard
nobody would have left every suite green.

Two specs, both on two frontends and no workers against one PostgreSQL,
publishing at frontend 0 and reading at frontend 1.

1. A gallery operation admitted at one replica, read out of the other, with the
   queued state observed before the terminal one.
2. A broadcast of about 9.3 kilobytes, which PostgreSQL refuses as a
   notification payload, making the round trip byte for byte through the
   bus_messages spill table.

The family is a gallery operation for one property nothing else on this carrier
has: the answer a peer gives is held in memory ALONE. GET /models/jobs/<id>
reads galleryop's statuses map, which on a peer is filled by the
gallery.*.progress subscriber and by nothing else, because the only other
filler, Hydrate, runs once at startup and every operation here is created long
afterwards. Every other family has a durable table behind it that a peer would
converge through anyway, and a spec on one of those cannot separate "the
broadcast arrived" from "the row was read".

That is then made checkable rather than argued. The gallery_operations row is
written when the gallery worker DEQUEUES an operation, so an operation still
waiting in the queue has NO row, and both specs assert zero rows while the peer
is already answering with the operation's own bytes. Both also read the
instances table and require the reading replica to be a different live instance
from the publishing one, so "the other replica" cannot decay into a spelling of
"this replica".

Holding the queue is what cluster.Options.Galleries is for. The gallery worker
runs one operation at a time on an unbuffered channel, so an install parked
inside a gated index fetch parks everything behind it; without that the
admission broadcast and the terminal one are separated by two database round
trips and no HTTP poller could see between them. The option also turns the
startup estimate warmer off, because a second fetcher filling the process-wide
index cache would leave the operation never blocking and the spec passing on an
ordering nothing enforced.

The spill spec is written against a failure this branch has shipped three
times: a size-limit spec that cannot fail. The oversized body is an ordinary
element name that the real consumer decodes and surfaces, so it is not a body
the decoder would have refused at any size. The size is ABSOLUTE at 9000 bytes
rather than derived from the cap, and a one-byte control operation in the same
run is required to leave no spill row, so moving the 8000-byte cap in either
direction reddens the spec. pgbus.FitsInline, which shares its encoder and its
comparison with Publish, is asked about both payloads and must answer
differently. The spilled row is then decoded and its element name compared byte
for byte against what frontend 1 answers.

The terminal assertion in spec 1 does not re-check the element name: a terminal
status does not carry one, because updateError in galleryop.Start builds a
fresh OpStatus holding only the error. It asserts the two fields that status
does carry, in the relation that one place writes them.

Attacks run, each alone, each reverted, each behaving as predicted. Neutering
the pg_notify in pgbus.Publish so every replica knows only what it did itself
reddens both specs at frontend 1, which answers 500 for an operation it was
never told about; the bus_messages row assertion still passes under it, which
is right, since the row is written before the notification. Releasing the queue
gate reddens spec 1 at the gallery_operations count, because the operation is
dequeued and the row appears. Shrinking the oversized name to 100 bytes reddens
spec 2 at FitsInline; inverting that guard so the run reaches the row check
reddens it there instead, with no bus_messages row written, which is what makes
the row a statement about size.

test-e2e-cluster is 26 specs in 933.8 seconds of Ginkgo time, 15m37s wall. The
two additions cost 7.0 seconds together, 5.0s and 2.0s: they start no workers,
so they pay for no registration, and what they wait on is a broadcast rather
than a threshold. test-e2e-distributed is unchanged at 223 plus 8 specs, 130.6
seconds. The budget comment and .agents/building-and-testing.md move from 24
specs at 897 to 907 seconds to 26 at 933.8.

Assisted-by: Claude Opus 5 [claude-code]
Signed-off-by: Ettore Di Giacinto <mudler@localai.io>
2026-09-06 02:41:49 +00:00
2026-04-08 19:23:16 +02:00
2025-02-15 18:17:15 +01:00
2023-05-04 15:01:29 +02:00




LocalAI License

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mudler%2FLocalAI | Trendshift

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LocalAI is the open-source AI engine. Run any model - LLMs, vision, voice, image, video - on any hardware. No GPU required.

A small core, not a bundle. Each backend wraps a best-in-class engine (llama.cpp, vLLM, whisper.cpp, stable-diffusion, MLX...) in its own image, pulled only when a model needs it. You install nothing you don't use.

  • Composable by design: backends are separate and pulled on demand, so you install only what your model needs
  • Open and extensible: load any model, or build your own backend in any language against an open interface
  • Drop-in API compatibility: OpenAI, Anthropic, and ElevenLabs APIs across every backend
  • Any model, any modality: LLMs, vision, voice, image, and video behind one API
  • Any hardware: NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, Apple Silicon, Vulkan, or CPU-only
  • Multi-user ready: API key auth, user quotas, role-based access
  • Built-in AI agents: autonomous agents with tool use, RAG, MCP, and skills
  • Privacy-first: your data never leaves your infrastructure

A small LocalAI core with backends (llama.cpp, vLLM, MLX, whisper.cpp, stable-diffusion, kokoro, parakeet.cpp...) plugged in as separate on-demand images

Created by Ettore Di Giacinto and maintained by the LocalAI team.

📖 Documentation | 💬 Discord | 💻 Quickstart | 🖼️ Models | FAQ

Guided tour

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/08cbb692-57da-48f7-963d-2e7b43883c18

Click to see more!

User and auth

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/228fa9ad-81a3-4d43-bfb9-31557e14a36c

Agents

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/6270b331-e21d-4087-a540-6290006b381a

Usage metrics per user

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/cbb03379-23b4-4e3d-bd26-d152f057007f

Fine-tuning and Quantization

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/5ba4ace9-d3df-4795-b7d4-b0b404ea71ee

WebRTC

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ed88e34c-fed3-4b83-8a67-4716a9feeb7b

Quickstart

macOS

Download LocalAI for macOS

Note: The DMG is not signed by Apple. After installing, run: sudo xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /Applications/LocalAI.app. See #6268 for details.

Containers (Docker, podman, ...)

Already ran LocalAI before? Use docker start -i local-ai to restart an existing container.

CPU only:

docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 localai/localai:latest

NVIDIA GPU:

# CUDA 13
docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 --gpus all localai/localai:latest-gpu-nvidia-cuda-13

# CUDA 12
docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 --gpus all localai/localai:latest-gpu-nvidia-cuda-12

# NVIDIA Jetson ARM64 (CUDA 12, for AGX Orin and similar)
docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 --gpus all localai/localai:latest-nvidia-l4t-arm64

# NVIDIA Jetson ARM64 (CUDA 13, for DGX Spark)
docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 --gpus all localai/localai:latest-nvidia-l4t-arm64-cuda-13

AMD GPU (ROCm):

docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 --device=/dev/kfd --device=/dev/dri --group-add=video localai/localai:latest-gpu-hipblas

Intel GPU (oneAPI):

docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 --device=/dev/dri/card1 --device=/dev/dri/renderD128 localai/localai:latest-gpu-intel

Vulkan GPU:

docker run -ti --name local-ai -p 8080:8080 localai/localai:latest-gpu-vulkan

Loading models

# From the model gallery (see available models with `local-ai models list` or at https://models.localai.io)
local-ai run llama-3.2-1b-instruct:q4_k_m
# From Huggingface
local-ai run huggingface://TheBloke/phi-2-GGUF/phi-2.Q8_0.gguf
# From the Ollama OCI registry
local-ai run ollama://gemma:2b
# From a YAML config
local-ai run https://gist.githubusercontent.com/.../phi-2.yaml
# From a standard OCI registry (e.g., Docker Hub)
local-ai run oci://localai/phi-2:latest

To work with a running LocalAI server from the terminal, start the built-in agent from another shell. It answers questions, reads your files and runs commands on your machine, asking you to approve anything that changes state. Inside a session, /models lists installed models and /model <name> switches between them. See the Terminal agent docs.

# Terminal 1
local-ai run llama-3.2-1b-instruct:q4_k_m

# Terminal 2
local-ai chat --model llama-3.2-1b-instruct:q4_k_m

Automatic Backend Detection: LocalAI automatically detects your GPU capabilities and downloads the appropriate backend. For advanced options, see GPU Acceleration.

For more details, see the Getting Started guide.

Latest News

For older news and full release notes, see GitHub Releases and the blog.

Features

Supported Backends & Acceleration

LocalAI supports 60+ backends including llama.cpp, vLLM, SGLang, transformers, whisper.cpp, diffusers, MLX, MLX-VLM, and many more. Hardware acceleration is available for NVIDIA (CUDA 12/13), AMD (ROCm), Intel (oneAPI/SYCL), Apple Silicon (Metal), Vulkan, and NVIDIA Jetson (L4T). All backends can be installed on-the-fly from the Backend Gallery.

See the full Backend & Model Compatibility Table and GPU Acceleration guide.

Backends built by us

Most backends wrap a best-in-class upstream engine. A handful of them are native C/C++/GGML engines (no Python at inference) developed and maintained by the LocalAI project itself:

Backend What it does
vllm.cpp From-scratch C++20 port of vLLM for text generation: paged KV cache, continuous batching, prefix caching, safetensors + GGUF loading, engine-enforced structured output, on CPU, CUDA, Metal and Vulkan. Also serves MiniMax-H3 joint video+audio generation
parakeet.cpp C++/GGML port of NVIDIA NeMo Parakeet ASR (tdt/ctc/rnnt/hybrid), with cache-aware streaming transcription
moss-transcribe.cpp C++/GGML port of OpenMOSS MOSS-Transcribe-Diarize: joint long-form transcription, speaker diarization and timestamping in a single pass
moss-tts.cpp C++/GGML port of the OpenMOSS MOSS-TTS family: text-to-speech (MOSS-TTS-Local v1.5, 48 kHz stereo) with reference-audio voice cloning, through the MOSS-Audio-Tokenizer neural codec
magpie-tts.cpp C++/GGML port of NVIDIA's Magpie TTS Multilingual 357M: 22.05 kHz mono text-to-speech in 5 voices and 9+ languages, with the NanoCodec neural codec and tokenizer/G2P embedded in a single GGUF
ced.cpp C++/GGML port of the CED audio-tagging models: sound-event classification (527-class AudioSet) over REST and the realtime API for live recognition
voice-detect.cpp Speaker recognition and voice analysis (ECAPA-TDNN, WeSpeaker, ERes2Net, CAM++, wav2vec2 age/gender/emotion), replacing the Python speaker-recognition backend
voxtral-tts.c Mistral Voxtral-4B-TTS text-to-speech in pure C: 20 preset voices across 9 languages, 24 kHz WAV output, no dependencies beyond libc
vibevoice.cpp Native port of Microsoft VibeVoice for TTS (voice cloning) and long-form ASR with speaker diarization
rf-detr.cpp Native RF-DETR object detection and instance segmentation
locate-anything.cpp Open-vocabulary object detection and visual grounding (LocateAnything-3B)
depth-anything.cpp Depth Anything 3 monocular metric depth + camera pose estimation
face-detect.cpp Face detection, recognition, demographics and anti-spoofing (SCRFD/ArcFace, YuNet/SFace), replacing the Python insightface backend
free-splatter.cpp Pose-free 3D reconstruction (FreeSplatter): turns a handful of plain photos into 3D Gaussians, no camera poses or GPU required
trellis2.cpp C++/GGML port of Microsoft TRELLIS.2: single-image to textured 3D mesh (GLB with PBR materials)
privacy-filter.cpp Standalone GGML PII/NER token-classification engine powering LocalAI's PII redaction tier
LocalVQE Joint acoustic echo cancellation, noise suppression, and dereverberation
local-store Local-first vector database for embeddings (shipped in-tree)

We also maintain apex-quant, a per-tensor, per-layer quantization recipe for Mixture-of-Experts models that exploits their structural sparsity to produce GGUFs matching or beating Q8_0 quality - and they run out of the box on stock llama.cpp.

Resources

Team

LocalAI is maintained by a small team of humans, together with the wider community of contributors.

A huge thank you to everyone who contributes code, reviews PRs, files issues, and helps users in Discord — LocalAI is a community-driven project and wouldn't exist without you. See the full contributors list.

Citation

If you utilize this repository, data in a downstream project, please consider citing it with:

@misc{localai,
  author = {Ettore Di Giacinto},
  title = {LocalAI: The free, Open source OpenAI alternative},
  year = {2023},
  publisher = {GitHub},
  journal = {GitHub repository},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/go-skynet/LocalAI}},

Sponsors

Do you find LocalAI useful?

Support the project by becoming a backer or sponsor. Your logo will show up here with a link to your website.

A huge thank you to our generous sponsors who support this project covering CI expenses, and our Sponsor list:

Past sponsors


Individual sponsors

A special thanks to individual sponsors, a full list is on GitHub and buymeacoffee. Special shout out to drikster80 for being generous. Thank you everyone!

License

LocalAI is a community-driven project created by Ettore Di Giacinto and maintained by the LocalAI team.

MIT - Author Ettore Di Giacinto mudler@localai.io

Acknowledgements

LocalAI couldn't have been built without the help of great software already available from the community. Thank you!

Contributors

This is a community project, a special thanks to our contributors!

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