fix(ble): unblock reconnect + kable audit (logging, priority, backoff, StateFlow) (#5222)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: garthvh <1795163+garthvh@users.noreply.github.com>

app/src/test/kotlin/org/meshtastic/app/di/KoinVerificationTest.kt

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ import org.koin.test.verify.definition
 import org.koin.test.verify.injectedParameters
 import org.koin.test.verify.verify
 import org.meshtastic.app.map.MapViewModel
+import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleLogFormat
+import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleLogLevel
 import org.meshtastic.core.model.util.NodeIdLookup
 import org.meshtastic.feature.node.metrics.MetricsViewModel
 import kotlin.test.Test
@@ -53,6 +55,11 @@ class KoinVerificationTest {
                     NodeIdLookup::class,
                     HttpClient::class,
                     HttpClientEngine::class,
+                    // BleLoggingConfig is a data class assembled by a factory function. Koin Verify
+                    // still introspects its constructor params, so the wrapping enums need to be
+                    // declared as known types even though they're never resolved from the graph.
+                    BleLogLevel::class,
+                    BleLogFormat::class,
                 ),
                 injections =
                 injectedParameters(

core/ble/src/androidMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/KablePlatformSetup.kt

@@ -43,15 +43,21 @@ internal actual fun PeripheralBuilder.platformConfig(device: BleDevice, autoConn
 
     threadingStrategy = sharedThreadingStrategy
 
+    // We intentionally keep Kable's defaults for `transport` (Le) and `phy` (Le1M).
+    // Meshtastic radios (nRF52, ESP32-S3, RP2040+nRF) advertise BLE-only and don't support
+    // the LE 2M PHY in any first-party firmware, so changing these would be a regression risk
+    // with no upside. If a future hardware revision exposes 2M PHY, override `phy = Phy.Le2M`
+    // here after confirming the firmware advertises it.
+
     onServicesDiscovered {
         try {
             // Android defaults to 23 bytes MTU. Meshtastic packets can be 512 bytes.
             // Requesting the max MTU is critical for preventing dropped packets and stalls.
             @Suppress("MagicNumber")
             val negotiatedMtu = requestMtu(512)
-            Logger.i { "Negotiated MTU: $negotiatedMtu" }
+            Logger.i { "[${device.address}] Negotiated MTU: $negotiatedMtu" }
         } catch (@Suppress("TooGenericExceptionCaught") e: Exception) {
-            Logger.w(e) { "Failed to request MTU" }
+            Logger.w(e) { "[${device.address}] Failed to request MTU" }
         }
     }
 }

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/BleConnection.kt

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ package org.meshtastic.core.ble
 
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.onStart
 import kotlin.time.Duration
 import kotlin.time.Duration.Companion.seconds
@@ -41,11 +41,17 @@ interface BleConnection {
     /** The currently connected [BleDevice], or null if not connected. */
     val device: BleDevice?
 
-    /** A flow of the current device. */
-    val deviceFlow: SharedFlow<BleDevice?>
+    /**
+     * A flow of the current device. [StateFlow] semantics: replays the latest value to new collectors and conflates
+     * rapid updates.
+     */
+    val deviceFlow: StateFlow<BleDevice?>
 
-    /** A flow of [BleConnectionState] changes. */
-    val connectionState: SharedFlow<BleConnectionState>
+    /**
+     * A flow of [BleConnectionState] changes. [StateFlow] semantics ensure the latest state is always observable and
+     * distinct-equals deduplication avoids spurious re-emissions.
+     */
+    val connectionState: StateFlow<BleConnectionState>
 
     /** Connects to the given [BleDevice]. */
     suspend fun connect(device: BleDevice)

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/BleLoggingConfig.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Meshtastic LLC
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.meshtastic.core.ble
+
+import com.juul.kable.logs.Logging
+
+/**
+ * Verbosity for Kable's internal BLE logging. Wraps [Logging.Level] so callers and the Koin DI graph don't leak Kable
+ * types into modules that don't directly depend on Kable.
+ */
+enum class BleLogLevel {
+    /** Only failures (lowest noise; default in release builds). */
+    Warnings,
+
+    /** [Warnings] plus connect / disconnect / subscribe / GATT operation events. */
+    Events,
+
+    /** [Events] plus a hex dump of every read/write/notify payload. Very noisy. */
+    Data,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Format for Kable's internal BLE log entries.
+ *
+ * [Compact] keeps each entry on a single line — strongly preferred for `adb logcat`, grep, and bug reports. [Multiline]
+ * pretty-prints across several lines, which is harder to read in tooling.
+ */
+enum class BleLogFormat {
+    Compact,
+    Multiline,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Verbosity and formatting controls for Kable's internal BLE logging.
+ *
+ * @see BleLogLevel for the verbosity scale.
+ * @see BleLogFormat for the layout choices.
+ */
+data class BleLoggingConfig(val level: BleLogLevel, val format: BleLogFormat = BleLogFormat.Compact) {
+    companion object {
+        /** Quiet defaults suitable for release builds — only warnings, single-line. */
+        val Release: BleLoggingConfig = BleLoggingConfig(level = BleLogLevel.Warnings)
+
+        /** Verbose defaults suitable for debug builds — every BLE event, single-line. */
+        val Debug: BleLoggingConfig = BleLoggingConfig(level = BleLogLevel.Events)
+    }
+}
+
+internal fun BleLogLevel.toKable(): Logging.Level = when (this) {
+    BleLogLevel.Warnings -> Logging.Level.Warnings
+    BleLogLevel.Events -> Logging.Level.Events
+    BleLogLevel.Data -> Logging.Level.Data
+}
+
+internal fun BleLogFormat.toKable(): Logging.Format = when (this) {
+    BleLogFormat.Compact -> Logging.Format.Compact
+    BleLogFormat.Multiline -> Logging.Format.Multiline
+}
+
+/** Applies this [BleLoggingConfig] to a Kable `logging { }` block, routing through [KermitLogEngine]. */
+internal fun Logging.applyConfig(config: BleLoggingConfig, identifier: String? = null) {
+    engine = KermitLogEngine
+    level = config.level.toKable()
+    format = config.format.toKable()
+    if (identifier != null) {
+        this.identifier = identifier
+    }
+}

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/BleRetry.kt

@@ -19,20 +19,33 @@ package org.meshtastic.core.ble
 import co.touchlab.kermit.Logger
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlin.math.pow
+import kotlin.random.Random
+
+/** Cap on the per-attempt backoff to prevent unbounded growth. */
+private const val MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 2_000L
+
+/** Multiplicative growth factor between attempts (delay doubles each time). */
+private const val BACKOFF_FACTOR = 2.0
 
 /**
- * Retries a BLE operation a specified number of times with a delay between attempts.
+ * Retries a BLE operation with bounded exponential backoff and jitter.
  *
- * @param count The number of attempts to make.
- * @param delayMs The delay in milliseconds between attempts.
- * @param tag A tag for logging.
+ * Each retry waits `delayMs * 2^(attempt-1)`, capped at [MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS], with a random ±25% jitter applied to
+ * avoid synchronised retry storms when multiple operations fail in lockstep (e.g. a TX/RX pair both failing the same
+ * `STATUS_GATT_BUSY` window).
+ *
+ * @param count Total attempt count (default 3).
+ * @param delayMs Initial delay before the first retry. Subsequent delays grow exponentially.
+ * @param tag Tag for log prefixes.
  * @param block The operation to perform.
  * @return The result of the operation.
- * @throws Exception if the operation fails after all attempts.
+ * @throws Exception If the operation fails after all attempts. [CancellationException] is always re-thrown immediately.
  */
+@Suppress("MagicNumber")
 suspend fun <T> retryBleOperation(
     count: Int = 3,
-    delayMs: Long = 500L,
+    delayMs: Long = 250L,
     tag: String = "BLE",
     block: suspend () -> T,
 ): T {
@@ -48,8 +61,12 @@ suspend fun <T> retryBleOperation(
                 Logger.w(e) { "[$tag] BLE operation failed after $count attempts, giving up" }
                 throw e
             }
-            Logger.w(e) { "[$tag] BLE operation failed (attempt $currentAttempt/$count), retrying in ${delayMs}ms..." }
-            delay(delayMs)
+            val backoffMs = (delayMs * BACKOFF_FACTOR.pow(currentAttempt - 1)).toLong().coerceAtMost(MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS)
+            val jitterRange = (backoffMs / 4).coerceAtLeast(1L)
+            val jitter = Random.nextLong(-jitterRange, jitterRange + 1)
+            val sleepMs = (backoffMs + jitter).coerceAtLeast(0L)
+            Logger.w(e) { "[$tag] BLE operation failed (attempt $currentAttempt/$count), retrying in ${sleepMs}ms..." }
+            delay(sleepMs)
         }
     }
 }

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/KableBleConnection.kt

@@ -22,18 +22,16 @@ import com.juul.kable.PeripheralBuilder
 import com.juul.kable.State
 import com.juul.kable.WriteType
 import com.juul.kable.characteristicOf
-import com.juul.kable.logs.Logging
 import com.juul.kable.writeWithoutResponse
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
 import kotlinx.coroutines.NonCancellable
 import kotlinx.coroutines.TimeoutCancellationException
-import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.BufferOverflow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asSharedFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.launchIn
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.onEach
 import kotlinx.coroutines.job
@@ -90,7 +88,8 @@ class KableBleService(private val peripheral: Peripheral, private val serviceUui
  * fall back to `autoConnect = true` on failure. Only two attempts are made per [connect] call — the caller
  * ([BleRadioTransport]) owns the macro-level retry/backoff loop.
  */
-class KableBleConnection(private val scope: CoroutineScope) : BleConnection {
+class KableBleConnection(private val scope: CoroutineScope, private val loggingConfig: BleLoggingConfig) :
+    BleConnection {
 
     @Volatile private var peripheral: Peripheral? = null
 
@@ -103,19 +102,15 @@ class KableBleConnection(private val scope: CoroutineScope) : BleConnection {
         private val AUTOCONNECT_FALLBACK_DELAY = 1.seconds
     }
 
-    private val _deviceFlow = MutableSharedFlow<BleDevice?>(replay = 1)
-    override val deviceFlow: SharedFlow<BleDevice?> = _deviceFlow.asSharedFlow()
+    private val _deviceFlow = MutableStateFlow<BleDevice?>(null)
+    override val deviceFlow: StateFlow<BleDevice?> = _deviceFlow.asStateFlow()
 
     override val device: BleDevice?
-        get() = _deviceFlow.replayCache.firstOrNull()
+        get() = _deviceFlow.value
 
     private val _connectionState =
-        MutableSharedFlow<BleConnectionState>(
-            replay = 1,
-            extraBufferCapacity = 1,
-            onBufferOverflow = BufferOverflow.DROP_OLDEST,
-        )
-    override val connectionState: SharedFlow<BleConnectionState> = _connectionState.asSharedFlow()
+        MutableStateFlow<BleConnectionState>(BleConnectionState.Disconnected(DisconnectReason.Unknown))
+    override val connectionState: StateFlow<BleConnectionState> = _connectionState.asStateFlow()
 
     @Suppress("CyclomaticComplexMethod", "LongMethod")
     override suspend fun connect(device: BleDevice) {
@@ -124,11 +119,7 @@ class KableBleConnection(private val scope: CoroutineScope) : BleConnection {
 
         /** Applies logging, observation exception handling, and platform config shared by both peripheral types. */
         fun PeripheralBuilder.commonConfig() {
-            logging {
-                engine = KermitLogEngine
-                level = Logging.Level.Events
-                identifier = device.address
-            }
+            logging { applyConfig(loggingConfig, identifier = device.address) }
             observationExceptionHandler { cause ->
                 Logger.w(cause) { "[${device.address}] Observation failure suppressed" }
             }
@@ -182,8 +173,11 @@ class KableBleConnection(private val scope: CoroutineScope) : BleConnection {
                     throw e
                 } catch (@Suppress("TooGenericExceptionCaught", "SwallowedException") e: Exception) {
                     if (autoConnect) {
-                        // autoConnect already true and still failed — don't loop forever.
-                        Logger.w { "[${device.address}] autoConnect attempt failed, giving up" }
+                        // Already on the autoConnect path and still failing: surface a clear Disconnected
+                        // and let the outer reconnect loop (BleRadioTransport) own the macro retry budget.
+                        Logger.w {
+                            "[${device.address}] autoConnect attempt also failed; deferring to outer reconnect loop"
+                        }
                         _connectionState.emit(BleConnectionState.Disconnected(DisconnectReason.ConnectionFailed))
                         throw e
                     }

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/KableBleConnectionFactory.kt

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import org.koin.core.annotation.Single
 
 @Single
-class KableBleConnectionFactory : BleConnectionFactory {
+class KableBleConnectionFactory(private val loggingConfig: BleLoggingConfig) : BleConnectionFactory {
     /**
      * Creates a new [KableBleConnection].
      *
      * [tag] is unused because Kable's own log identifier is set per-peripheral inside [KableBleConnection.connect]
      * using the device address, which provides more precise context than a factory-time tag.
      */
-    override fun create(scope: CoroutineScope, tag: String): BleConnection = KableBleConnection(scope)
+    override fun create(scope: CoroutineScope, tag: String): BleConnection = KableBleConnection(scope, loggingConfig)
 }

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/KableBleScanner.kt

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package org.meshtastic.core.ble
 
 import com.juul.kable.Scanner
-import com.juul.kable.logs.Logging
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.channelFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeoutOrNull
@@ -26,13 +25,10 @@ import kotlin.time.Duration
 import kotlin.uuid.Uuid
 
 @Single
-class KableBleScanner : BleScanner {
+class KableBleScanner(private val loggingConfig: BleLoggingConfig) : BleScanner {
     override fun scan(timeout: Duration, serviceUuid: Uuid?, address: String?): Flow<BleDevice> {
         val scanner = Scanner {
-            logging {
-                engine = KermitLogEngine
-                level = Logging.Level.Events
-            }
+            logging { applyConfig(loggingConfig) }
             // Use separate match blocks so each filter is evaluated independently (OR semantics).
             // Combining address and service UUID in a single match{} creates an AND filter which
             // silently drops results on OEM stacks (Samsung, Xiaomi) when the device uses a

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/KableMeshtasticRadioProfile.kt

@@ -47,15 +47,24 @@ class KableMeshtasticRadioProfile(private val service: BleService) : MeshtasticR
     private val fromNum = service.characteristic(FROMNUM_CHARACTERISTIC)
     private val logRadioChar = service.characteristic(LOGRADIO_CHARACTERISTIC)
 
+    /**
+     * Cached preferred write type for [toRadio]. Resolved once at construction so the hot send path doesn't have to
+     * walk the discovered services list on every packet.
+     */
+    private val toRadioWriteType: BleWriteType = service.preferredWriteType(toRadio)
+
     companion object {
         private val TRANSIENT_RETRY_DELAY = 500.milliseconds
     }
 
     private val subscriptionReady = CompletableDeferred<Unit>()
 
-    /** Seed with replay=1 so the config-handshake drain starts before FROMNUM notifications are gated in. */
+    /**
+     * Latched signal: a single buffered slot collapses bursts of drain triggers into one pending poll. Capacity 1 with
+     * DROP_OLDEST means we never block writers and never let stale drain requests pile up.
+     */
     private val triggerDrain =
-        MutableSharedFlow<Unit>(replay = 1, extraBufferCapacity = 64, onBufferOverflow = BufferOverflow.DROP_OLDEST)
+        MutableSharedFlow<Unit>(replay = 1, extraBufferCapacity = 1, onBufferOverflow = BufferOverflow.DROP_OLDEST)
 
     @Suppress("TooGenericExceptionCaught", "SwallowedException")
     override val fromRadio: Flow<ByteArray> = channelFlow {
@@ -97,14 +106,15 @@ class KableMeshtasticRadioProfile(private val service: BleService) : MeshtasticR
         if (service.hasCharacteristic(logRadioChar)) {
             service.observe(logRadioChar).catch { e ->
                 if (e is CancellationException) throw e
-                // logRadio is optional — swallow observation errors silently.
+                // logRadio is optional — log at debug for diagnostics but don't surface to callers.
+                Logger.d(e) { "logRadio observation failure suppressed" }
             }
         } else {
             emptyFlow()
         }
 
     override suspend fun sendToRadio(packet: ByteArray) {
-        service.write(toRadio, packet, service.preferredWriteType(toRadio))
+        service.write(toRadio, packet, toRadioWriteType)
         triggerDrain.tryEmit(Unit)
     }
 

core/ble/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/ble/di/CoreBleModule.kt

@@ -18,7 +18,18 @@ package org.meshtastic.core.ble.di
 
 import org.koin.core.annotation.ComponentScan
 import org.koin.core.annotation.Module
+import org.koin.core.annotation.Single
+import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleLoggingConfig
+import org.meshtastic.core.common.BuildConfigProvider
 
 @Module
 @ComponentScan("org.meshtastic.core.ble")
-class CoreBleModule
+class CoreBleModule {
+    /**
+     * Quiet by default in release; verbose (Kable [Events][com.juul.kable.logs.Logging.Level.Events]) in debug builds.
+     * Always single-line for grep/logcat friendliness.
+     */
+    @Single
+    fun provideBleLoggingConfig(buildConfig: BuildConfigProvider): BleLoggingConfig =
+        if (buildConfig.isDebug) BleLoggingConfig.Debug else BleLoggingConfig.Release
+}

core/network/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/network/radio/BleRadioTransport.kt

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
 import kotlinx.coroutines.NonCancellable
 import kotlinx.coroutines.SupervisorJob
 import kotlinx.coroutines.cancel
-import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.catch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.filterIsInstance
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.first
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.launchIn
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.onEach
@@ -258,24 +258,25 @@ class BleRadioTransport(
         isFullyConnected = true
         onConnected()
 
-        // Scope the connectionState listener to this iteration so it's
-        // cancelled automatically before the next reconnect cycle.
-        var disconnectReason: DisconnectReason = DisconnectReason.Unknown
-        coroutineScope {
-            bleConnection.connectionState
-                .onEach { s ->
-                    if (s is BleConnectionState.Disconnected && isFullyConnected) {
-                        isFullyConnected = false
-                        disconnectReason = s.reason
-                        onDisconnected()
-                    }
-                }
-                .catch { e -> Logger.w(e) { "[$address] bleConnection.connectionState flow crashed" } }
-                .launchIn(this)
+        discoverServicesAndSetupCharacteristics()
 
-            discoverServicesAndSetupCharacteristics()
+        // Wait for the StateFlow to actually reflect Connected before watching for the next
+        // Disconnected. connectAndAwait returns synchronously based on the underlying Kable
+        // peripheral state, but our _connectionState observer runs on a separate coroutine and
+        // may lag. Without this gate the next .first { Disconnected } below could match the
+        // *previous* cycle's stale Disconnected value and fire immediately, breaking reconnect.
+        bleConnection.connectionState.first { it is BleConnectionState.Connected }
 
-            bleConnection.connectionState.first { it is BleConnectionState.Disconnected }
+        // Suspend until the next Disconnected emission. We deliberately do NOT wrap this in a
+        // coroutineScope { launchIn(...); first(...) } pattern: launching a hot StateFlow
+        // collector inside coroutineScope hangs the scope after .first returns (the launched
+        // collector never completes naturally, and coroutineScope waits for all children).
+        val disconnectedState =
+            bleConnection.connectionState.filterIsInstance<BleConnectionState.Disconnected>().first()
+        val disconnectReason = disconnectedState.reason
+        if (isFullyConnected) {
+            isFullyConnected = false
+            onDisconnected()
         }
 
         Logger.i { "[$address] BLE connection dropped (reason: $disconnectReason), preparing to reconnect" }
@@ -350,6 +351,13 @@ class BleRadioTransport(
                 val maxLen = bleConnection.maximumWriteValueLength(BleWriteType.WITHOUT_RESPONSE)
                 Logger.i { "[$address] BLE Radio Session Ready. Max write length (WITHOUT_RESPONSE): $maxLen bytes" }
 
+                // Ask the platform for a low-latency / high-throughput connection interval
+                // (~7.5 ms on Android). The Meshtastic firmware happily accepts this and it
+                // materially speeds up the initial config drain and any bulk fromRadio reads.
+                if (bleConnection.requestHighConnectionPriority()) {
+                    Logger.d { "[$address] Requested high BLE connection priority" }
+                }
+
                 this@BleRadioTransport.callback.onConnect()
             }
         } catch (e: CancellationException) {

core/network/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/network/radio/BleRadioTransportReconnectCrashTest.kt

@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ import dev.mokkery.mock
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asSharedFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableStateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.test.advanceTimeBy
 import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleConnection
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleConnectionState
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleDevice
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleService
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleWriteType
+import org.meshtastic.core.ble.DisconnectReason
 import org.meshtastic.core.testing.FakeBleConnection
 import org.meshtastic.core.testing.FakeBleConnectionFactory
 import org.meshtastic.core.testing.FakeBleDevice
@@ -227,6 +228,63 @@ class BleRadioTransportReconnectCrashTest {
             "disconnect() must be called after CancellationException in profile() — GATT leak fix",
         )
     }
+
+    // ─── Reconnect after a stable connection drops ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Regression test for the BLE reconnect hang.
+     *
+     * Symptom: after a stable connection (uptime > minStableConnection) was terminated by a remote disconnect (e.g.
+     * node power-cycle), the transport's reconnect loop never iterated — `attemptConnection` ran exactly once, the GATT
+     * disconnect callback fired, and then nothing.
+     *
+     * Root cause: `attemptConnection` wrapped its disconnect-watcher in a `coroutineScope {
+     * connectionState.onEach{...}.launchIn(this); connectionState.first { Disconnected } }` block. `coroutineScope`
+     * waits for ALL launched children before returning, but the `.launchIn` collector on a hot `StateFlow` (or
+     * `SharedFlow(replay=1)`) never completes naturally. After `.first` returned, the scope hung forever, blocking
+     * `BleReconnectPolicy.execute` from issuing the next attempt.
+     *
+     * This test exercises the full happy-path reconnect cycle: connect → stable uptime → external disconnect → expect a
+     * second `connectAndAwait` call. With the bug present, only one `connectAndAwait` call ever happens.
+     */
+    @Test
+    fun `transport reconnects after a stable connection is dropped remotely`() = runTest {
+        val device = FakeBleDevice(address = address, name = "Test Radio")
+        bluetoothRepository.bond(device)
+
+        val bleTransport =
+            BleRadioTransport(
+                scope = this,
+                scanner = scanner,
+                bluetoothRepository = bluetoothRepository,
+                connectionFactory = connectionFactory,
+                callback = service,
+                address = address,
+            )
+        bleTransport.start()
+
+        // Settle delay (3 s) + connect + handshake.
+        advanceTimeBy(4_000L)
+        assertTrue(connection.connectAndAwaitCalls == 1, "First connect must happen during initial start window")
+
+        // Stay connected long enough to be considered stable (> minStableConnection = 5 s).
+        advanceTimeBy(10_000L)
+
+        // Simulate the firmware dying mid-session — the same path a node power-cycle takes.
+        connection.simulateRemoteDisconnect(reason = DisconnectReason.Timeout)
+
+        // Settle delay (3 s) before the next attempt + re-connect window. Generous to absorb
+        // the policy retry backoff (5 s on first failure) plus another 3 s settle delay.
+        advanceTimeBy(30_000L)
+
+        assertTrue(
+            connection.connectAndAwaitCalls >= 2,
+            "Reconnect loop must call connectAndAwait again after a remote disconnect " +
+                "(actual calls: ${connection.connectAndAwaitCalls})",
+        )
+
+        bleTransport.close()
+    }
 }
 
 // ─── Test doubles ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -237,19 +295,19 @@ class BleRadioTransportReconnectCrashTest {
  */
 private class CancellingProfileBleConnection : BleConnection {
 
-    private val _deviceFlow = MutableSharedFlow<BleDevice?>(replay = 1)
-    override val deviceFlow: SharedFlow<BleDevice?> = _deviceFlow.asSharedFlow()
+    private val _deviceFlow = MutableStateFlow<BleDevice?>(null)
+    override val deviceFlow: StateFlow<BleDevice?> = _deviceFlow.asStateFlow()
 
-    private val _connectionState = MutableSharedFlow<BleConnectionState>(replay = 1)
-    override val connectionState: SharedFlow<BleConnectionState> = _connectionState.asSharedFlow()
+    private val _connectionState = MutableStateFlow<BleConnectionState>(BleConnectionState.Disconnected())
+    override val connectionState: StateFlow<BleConnectionState> = _connectionState.asStateFlow()
 
     override val device: BleDevice? = null
 
     var disconnectCalls = 0
 
     override suspend fun connect(device: BleDevice) {
-        _deviceFlow.emit(device)
-        _connectionState.emit(BleConnectionState.Connected)
+        _deviceFlow.value = device
+        _connectionState.value = BleConnectionState.Connected
     }
 
     override suspend fun connectAndAwait(device: BleDevice, timeout: Duration): BleConnectionState {
@@ -259,8 +317,8 @@ private class CancellingProfileBleConnection : BleConnection {
 
     override suspend fun disconnect() {
         disconnectCalls++
-        _connectionState.emit(BleConnectionState.Disconnected())
-        _deviceFlow.emit(null)
+        _connectionState.value = BleConnectionState.Disconnected()
+        _deviceFlow.value = null
     }
 
     override suspend fun <T> profile(

core/testing/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/meshtastic/core/testing/FakeBle.kt

@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.MutableSharedFlow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asSharedFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.asStateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.emitAll
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.flow
@@ -36,6 +34,7 @@ import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleService
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleWriteType
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BluetoothRepository
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BluetoothState
+import org.meshtastic.core.ble.DisconnectReason
 import kotlin.time.Duration
 import kotlin.uuid.Uuid
 
@@ -91,11 +90,10 @@ class FakeBleConnection :
     override val device: BleDevice?
         get() = _device.value
 
-    private val _deviceFlow = mutableSharedFlow<BleDevice?>(replay = 1)
-    override val deviceFlow: SharedFlow<BleDevice?> = _deviceFlow.asSharedFlow()
+    override val deviceFlow: StateFlow<BleDevice?> = _device.asStateFlow()
 
-    private val _connectionState = mutableSharedFlow<BleConnectionState>(replay = 1)
-    override val connectionState: SharedFlow<BleConnectionState> = _connectionState.asSharedFlow()
+    private val _connectionState = mutableStateFlow<BleConnectionState>(BleConnectionState.Disconnected())
+    override val connectionState: StateFlow<BleConnectionState> = _connectionState.asStateFlow()
 
     /** When > 0, the next [failNextN] calls to [connectAndAwait] return [BleConnectionState.Disconnected]. */
     var failNextN: Int = 0
@@ -109,6 +107,14 @@ class FakeBleConnection :
     /** Number of times [disconnect] has been invoked. */
     var disconnectCalls: Int = 0
 
+    /** Number of times [connectAndAwait] has been invoked (including failures). */
+    var connectAndAwaitCalls: Int = 0
+
+    /** Externally simulate a remote disconnect (e.g. node power-cycle) for tests that exercise reconnect. */
+    fun simulateRemoteDisconnect(reason: DisconnectReason = DisconnectReason.Timeout) {
+        _connectionState.value = BleConnectionState.Disconnected(reason)
+    }
+
     /** Service UUIDs that should appear missing — `profile()` throws `NoSuchElementException` for these. */
     val missingServices: MutableSet<Uuid> = mutableSetOf()
 
@@ -116,18 +122,18 @@ class FakeBleConnection :
 
     override suspend fun connect(device: BleDevice) {
         _device.value = device
-        _deviceFlow.emit(device)
-        _connectionState.emit(BleConnectionState.Connecting)
+        _connectionState.value = BleConnectionState.Connecting
         if (device is FakeBleDevice) {
             device.setState(BleConnectionState.Connecting)
         }
-        _connectionState.emit(BleConnectionState.Connected)
+        _connectionState.value = BleConnectionState.Connected
         if (device is FakeBleDevice) {
             device.setState(BleConnectionState.Connected)
         }
     }
 
     override suspend fun connectAndAwait(device: BleDevice, timeout: Duration): BleConnectionState {
+        connectAndAwaitCalls++
         connectException?.let { throw it }
         if (failNextN > 0) {
             failNextN--
@@ -140,12 +146,11 @@ class FakeBleConnection :
     override suspend fun disconnect() {
         disconnectCalls++
         val currentDevice = _device.value
-        _connectionState.emit(BleConnectionState.Disconnected())
+        _connectionState.value = BleConnectionState.Disconnected()
         if (currentDevice is FakeBleDevice) {
             currentDevice.setState(BleConnectionState.Disconnected())
         }
         _device.value = null
-        _deviceFlow.emit(null)
     }
 
     override suspend fun <T> profile(

desktop/src/test/kotlin/org/meshtastic/desktop/di/DesktopKoinTest.kt

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineDispatcher
 import org.koin.core.annotation.KoinExperimentalAPI
 import org.koin.dsl.module
 import org.koin.test.verify.verify
+import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleLogFormat
+import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleLogLevel
 import kotlin.test.Test
 
 @OptIn(KoinExperimentalAPI::class)
@@ -41,6 +43,11 @@ class DesktopKoinTest {
                     CoroutineDispatcher::class,
                     HttpClient::class,
                     HttpClientEngine::class,
+                    // BleLoggingConfig is a data class assembled by a factory function. Koin Verify
+                    // still introspects its constructor params, so the wrapping enums need to be
+                    // declared as known types even though they're never resolved from the graph.
+                    BleLogLevel::class,
+                    BleLogFormat::class,
                 ),
             )
     }

feature/firmware/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/meshtastic/feature/firmware/ota/dfu/LegacyDfuTransportTest.kt

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleCharacteristic
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleConnection
@@ -510,10 +510,10 @@ class LegacyDfuTransportTest {
         override val device: BleDevice?
             get() = delegate.device
 
-        override val deviceFlow: SharedFlow<BleDevice?>
+        override val deviceFlow: StateFlow<BleDevice?>
             get() = delegate.deviceFlow
 
-        override val connectionState: SharedFlow<BleConnectionState>
+        override val connectionState: StateFlow<BleConnectionState>
             get() = delegate.connectionState
 
         override suspend fun connect(device: BleDevice) = delegate.connect(device)

feature/firmware/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/meshtastic/feature/firmware/ota/dfu/SecureDfuTransportTest.kt

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ package org.meshtastic.feature.firmware.ota.dfu
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.ExperimentalCoroutinesApi
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.Flow
-import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.SharedFlow
+import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.StateFlow
 import kotlinx.coroutines.test.runTest
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleCharacteristic
 import org.meshtastic.core.ble.BleConnection
@@ -632,10 +632,10 @@ class SecureDfuTransportTest {
         override val device: BleDevice?
             get() = delegate.device
 
-        override val deviceFlow: SharedFlow<BleDevice?>
+        override val deviceFlow: StateFlow<BleDevice?>
             get() = delegate.deviceFlow
 
-        override val connectionState: SharedFlow<BleConnectionState>
+        override val connectionState: StateFlow<BleConnectionState>
             get() = delegate.connectionState
 
         override suspend fun connect(device: BleDevice) = delegate.connect(device)