perf: add Baseline Profile generation for :androidApp (#5735)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/scheduled-updates.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Scheduled Updates (Firmware, Hardware, Translations)
 
 on:
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 */4 * * *' # Run every 4 hours (was hourly — reduced to cut cascade CI cost)
+    - cron: '0 */6 * * *' # Run every 6 hours (raised from 4h to absorb the added baseline-profile step)
   workflow_dispatch:       # Allow manual triggering
 
 jobs:
@@ -111,6 +111,45 @@ jobs:
         run: ./gradlew graphUpdate
         continue-on-error: true
 
+      # ── Baseline Profile regeneration ───────────────────────────────────
+      # Runs on every scheduled tick (and manual dispatch). Generation needs a booted emulator
+      # (~10 min); continue-on-error keeps flakiness from blocking the firmware/translation PR.
+      - name: Enable KVM (for the emulator)
+        run: |
+          echo 'KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0666", OPTIONS+="static_node=kvm"' \
+            | sudo tee /etc/udev/rules.d/99-kvm4all.rules
+          sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
+          sudo udevadm trigger --name-match=kvm
+
+      - name: Generate Baseline Profile
+        id: generate_baseline
+        continue-on-error: true # Emulator flakiness must not block the firmware/translation PR.
+        uses: reactivecircus/android-emulator-runner@v2
+        with:
+          api-level: 34
+          target: google_apis # google flavor needs GMS (Maps) on the device image
+          arch: x86_64
+          profile: pixel_6
+          disable-animations: true
+          emulator-options: -no-window -gpu swiftshader_indirect -noaudio -no-boot-anim -camera-back none
+          # Writes androidApp/src/google/generated/baselineProfiles/ via the androidx.baselineprofile plugin.
+          script: ./gradlew :androidApp:generateGoogleReleaseBaselineProfile -Pci=true
+
+      - name: Detect baseline profile changes
+        id: baseline
+        run: |
+          profile_dir="androidApp/src/google/generated/baselineProfiles"
+          outcome="${{ steps.generate_baseline.outcome }}"
+          if [ "$outcome" = "skipped" ]; then
+            echo "status=skipped" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          elif [ "$outcome" != "success" ]; then
+            echo "::warning::Baseline profile generation failed (outcome: $outcome). Skipping."
+            echo "status=error" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          elif [ -n "$(git status --porcelain "$profile_dir" 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+            echo "status=updated" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "status=unchanged" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
 
       - name: Build PR body
         id: pr_body
@@ -119,6 +158,7 @@ jobs:
           firmware_detail="${{ steps.firmware.outputs.detail }}"
           hardware_status="${{ steps.hardware.outputs.status }}"
           hardware_detail="${{ steps.hardware.outputs.detail }}"
+          baseline_status="${{ steps.baseline.outputs.status }}"
 
           body="This PR includes automated updates from the scheduled workflow:"
           body+=$'\n'
@@ -139,6 +179,15 @@ jobs:
             *)         body+=$'\n'"- ❓ \`device_hardware.json\` — unknown status." ;;
           esac
 
+          # Baseline profile (daily / manual only)
+          case "$baseline_status" in
+            updated)   body+=$'\n'"- ✅ \`androidApp\` baseline profile regenerated on an emulator." ;;
+            unchanged) body+=$'\n'"- ✔️ \`androidApp\` baseline profile regenerated — no changes detected." ;;
+            error)     body+=$'\n'"- ⚠️ \`androidApp\` baseline profile generation failed — skipped (see workflow logs)." ;;
+            skipped)   ;; # Not a daily/manual run — omit the line entirely.
+            *)         ;;
+          esac
+
           # Crowdin & graphs (always attempted)
           body+=$'\n'"- Source strings were uploaded to Crowdin."
           body+=$'\n'"- Latest translations were downloaded from Crowdin (if available)."
@@ -158,7 +207,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.CROWDIN_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           commit-message: |
-            chore: Scheduled updates (Firmware, Hardware, Translations, Graphs)
+            chore: Scheduled updates (Firmware, Hardware, Translations, Graphs, Baseline)
 
             Automated updates for:
             - Firmware releases list
@@ -166,7 +215,8 @@ jobs:
             - Crowdin source string uploads
             - Crowdin translation downloads
             - Module dependency graphs
-          title: 'chore: Scheduled updates (Firmware, Hardware, Translations, Graphs)'
+            - androidApp baseline profile
+          title: 'chore: Scheduled updates (Firmware, Hardware, Translations, Graphs, Baseline)'
           body: ${{ steps.pr_body.outputs.content }}
           branch: 'scheduled-updates'
           base: 'main'
@@ -174,6 +224,7 @@ jobs:
           add-paths: |
             androidApp/src/main/assets/firmware_releases.json
             androidApp/src/main/assets/device_hardware.json
+            androidApp/src/google/generated/baselineProfiles/**
             fastlane/metadata/android/**
             **/strings.xml
             **/README.md

androidApp/build.gradle.kts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ plugins {
     id("meshtastic.koin")
     alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.parcelize)
     alias(libs.plugins.secrets)
+    alias(libs.plugins.androidx.baselineprofile)
     id("meshtastic.aboutlibraries")
     id("dev.mokkery")
     alias(libs.plugins.devtools.ksp)
@@ -254,6 +255,9 @@ dependencies {
     implementation(libs.coil.network.ktor3)
     implementation(libs.coil.svg)
     implementation(libs.androidx.core.splashscreen)
+    // Installs the baseline profile produced by :baselineprofile at app startup (API < 31)
+    // and lets ART honor it on first launch. On API 31+ the platform installs it automatically.
+    implementation(libs.androidx.profileinstaller)
     implementation(libs.kotlinx.serialization.json)
     implementation(libs.usb.serial.android)
     implementation(libs.androidx.work.runtime.ktx)
@@ -308,4 +312,8 @@ dependencies {
     testImplementation(libs.androidx.glance.appwidget)
     // JVM variant provides the host-platform native library for BundledSQLiteDriver under Robolectric
     testRuntimeOnly("androidx.sqlite:sqlite-bundled-jvm:2.6.2")
+
+    // Producer of the baseline profile consumed by the release build. The androidx.baselineprofile
+    // plugin merges the generated rules into src/<variant>/generated/baselineProfiles at build time.
+    baselineProfile(projects.baselineprofile)
 }

baselineprofile/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# `:baselineprofile`
+
+Generates a [Baseline Profile](https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview)
+for `:androidApp` — AOT-compiling the cold-start and first-frame code paths so ART doesn't pay the
+JIT cost on first launch. Targets the **google** flavor (the variant most users run).
+
+## Generate the profile (run on a device/emulator)
+
+```bash
+./gradlew :androidApp:generateGoogleReleaseBaselineProfile
+```
+
+Output is merged into `androidApp/src/google/generated/baselineProfiles/baseline-prof.txt`.
+**Commit that file** — release builds package it via `androidx.profileinstaller`.
+
+## Quantify the win
+
+```bash
+./gradlew :androidApp:benchmarkGoogleReleaseBaselineProfile
+```
+
+Compare `startupCompilationNone` vs `startupCompilationBaselineProfiles` in the output.
+
+## Scope / TODO
+
+- The journey (`BaselineProfileGenerator`) is cold-start only, since CI has no paired radio.
+  Extend it with post-connection screens (node list, map, message thread) once a fake transport or
+  connected device is wired into the harness — a more representative journey yields a better profile.
+- For hermetic CI generation, swap `useConnectedDevices = true` in `build.gradle.kts` for a
+  [Gradle Managed Device](https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/measure-baselineprofile#gradle-managed).
+- f-droid currently inherits no profile (only `google` is produced). Add a second flavor here if
+  the f-droid startup path ever diverges enough to matter.

baselineprofile/build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Meshtastic LLC
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget
+
+plugins {
+    alias(libs.plugins.android.test)
+    alias(libs.plugins.androidx.baselineprofile)
+}
+
+android {
+    namespace = "org.meshtastic.baselineprofile"
+    compileSdk = 37
+
+    compileOptions {
+        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_21
+        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_21
+    }
+
+    defaultConfig {
+        // Macrobenchmark / BaselineProfileRule require API 28+ on the test (device) side.
+        // The generated profile is still installed on the app's real minSdk (26) via profileinstaller.
+        minSdk = 28
+        targetSdk = 37
+        testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+    }
+
+    // App module whose startup we profile/benchmark.
+    targetProjectPath = ":androidApp"
+
+    // The app declares a `marketplace` flavor dimension (google / fdroid). A test module must
+    // match it. We pin to `google` — the variant the vast majority of users run (and the one with
+    // Maps). f-droid can reuse the same profile; wire a second flavor here if it ever diverges.
+    flavorDimensions += "marketplace"
+    productFlavors { create("google") { dimension = "marketplace" } }
+}
+
+kotlin { compilerOptions { jvmTarget.set(JvmTarget.JVM_21) } }
+
+baselineProfile {
+    // Generate on an attached device/emulator. For hermetic CI, replace with a Gradle Managed
+    // Device (see README.md) and set managedDevices + useConnectedDevices = false.
+    useConnectedDevices = true
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(libs.androidx.test.ext.junit)
+    implementation(libs.androidx.test.espresso.core)
+    implementation(libs.androidx.uiautomator)
+    implementation(libs.androidx.benchmark.macro.junit4)
+}

baselineprofile/src/main/kotlin/org/meshtastic/baselineprofile/BaselineProfileGenerator.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Meshtastic LLC
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.meshtastic.baselineprofile
+
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.junit4.BaselineProfileRule
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/**
+ * Generates a Baseline Profile for the app's critical user journey.
+ *
+ * Run it with:
+ * ```
+ * ./gradlew :androidApp:generateGoogleReleaseBaselineProfile
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The [androidx.baselineprofile] plugin on `:androidApp` drives this against the auto-created
+ * `nonMinifiedRelease` variant and merges the result into
+ * `androidApp/src/google/generated/baselineProfiles/`. Commit that output so release builds ship it.
+ *
+ * The journey is intentionally minimal (cold start → first frame) because CI has no paired radio.
+ * Extend it with post-connection screens (node list, map, message thread) once a fake transport or
+ * connected device is available in the harness — the more representative the journey, the better the
+ * profile.
+ */
+@LargeTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class BaselineProfileGenerator {
+
+    @get:Rule val baselineProfileRule = BaselineProfileRule()
+
+    @Test
+    fun generate() =
+        baselineProfileRule.collect(
+            // The plugin injects the target applicationId (handles the google debug/release suffix).
+            packageName = InstrumentationRegistry.getArguments().getString("targetAppId") ?: DEFAULT_APP_ID,
+            // Also produce a startup profile (dexlayout hints) for faster cold start, not just AOT rules.
+            includeInStartupProfile = true,
+        ) {
+            pressHome()
+            startActivityAndWait()
+            device.waitForIdle()
+        }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val DEFAULT_APP_ID = "com.geeksville.mesh"
+    }
+}

baselineprofile/src/main/kotlin/org/meshtastic/baselineprofile/StartupBenchmark.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Meshtastic LLC
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.meshtastic.baselineprofile
+
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.BaselineProfileMode
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.CompilationMode
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.StartupMode
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.StartupTimingMetric
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.junit4.MacrobenchmarkRule
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/**
+ * Measures cold-start time with and without the Baseline Profile so the win is quantifiable.
+ *
+ * Run it with:
+ * ```
+ * ./gradlew :androidApp:benchmarkGoogleReleaseBaselineProfile
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Compare `startupCompilationNone` vs `startupCompilationBaselineProfiles` in the output: the delta
+ * is the startup improvement the shipped profile buys. `Partial(Require)` fails loudly if the
+ * profile is missing, so this also guards against a release that silently dropped it.
+ */
+@LargeTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class StartupBenchmark {
+
+    @get:Rule val benchmarkRule = MacrobenchmarkRule()
+
+    @Test fun startupCompilationNone() = startup(CompilationMode.None())
+
+    @Test
+    fun startupCompilationBaselineProfiles() =
+        startup(CompilationMode.Partial(baselineProfileMode = BaselineProfileMode.Require))
+
+    private fun startup(compilationMode: CompilationMode) =
+        benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
+            packageName = InstrumentationRegistry.getArguments().getString("targetAppId") ?: DEFAULT_APP_ID,
+            metrics = listOf(StartupTimingMetric()),
+            compilationMode = compilationMode,
+            startupMode = StartupMode.COLD,
+            iterations = 10,
+        ) {
+            pressHome()
+            startActivityAndWait()
+        }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val DEFAULT_APP_ID = "com.geeksville.mesh"
+    }
+}

gradle/libs.versions.toml

@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@ turbine = "1.2.1"
 # Compose Screenshot Testing
 compose-screenshot = "0.0.1-alpha15"
 
+# Baseline Profiles / Macrobenchmark
+# `benchmark` drives both the androidx.benchmark macro lib AND the androidx.baselineprofile
+# Gradle plugin (same coordinates/version). Kept on the alpha track to stay compatible with
+# AGP 9.x (the stable 1.4.x line predates AGP 9 support).
+benchmark = "1.5.0-alpha06"
+profileinstaller = "1.4.1"
+androidx-uiautomator = "2.3.0"
+
 # Compose Multiplatform
 compose-multiplatform = "1.11.1"
 compose-multiplatform-material3 = "1.11.0-alpha07"
@@ -148,6 +156,11 @@ androidx-sqlite-bundled = { module = "androidx.sqlite:sqlite-bundled", version =
 androidx-work-runtime-ktx = { module = "androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx", version = "2.11.2" }
 androidx-work-testing = { module = "androidx.work:work-testing", version = "2.11.2" }
 
+# Baseline Profiles / Macrobenchmark
+androidx-profileinstaller = { module = "androidx.profileinstaller:profileinstaller", version.ref = "profileinstaller" }
+androidx-benchmark-macro-junit4 = { module = "androidx.benchmark:benchmark-macro-junit4", version.ref = "benchmark" }
+androidx-uiautomator = { module = "androidx.test.uiautomator:uiautomator", version.ref = "androidx-uiautomator" }
+
 # AndroidX Compose (explicit versions — BOM removed; CMP is the sole version authority)
 androidx-compose-runtime-tracing = { module = "androidx.compose.runtime:runtime-tracing", version.ref = "androidx-compose-bom-aligned" }
 androidx-compose-ui-test-manifest = { module = "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest", version.ref = "androidx-compose-bom-aligned" } # Required by Robolectric Compose tests (registers ComponentActivity)
@@ -303,6 +316,8 @@ meshtastic-protobufs = { module = "org.meshtastic:protobufs", version.ref = "mes
 # Android
 android-application = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
 android-kotlin-multiplatform-library = { id = "com.android.kotlin.multiplatform.library", version.ref = "agp" }
+android-test = { id = "com.android.test" }
+androidx-baselineprofile = { id = "androidx.baselineprofile", version.ref = "benchmark" }
 compose-screenshot = { id = "com.android.compose.screenshot", version.ref = "compose-screenshot" }
 
 # Jetbrains

settings.gradle.kts

@@ -133,4 +133,5 @@ include(
     ":core:barcode",
     ":feature:widget",
     ":screenshot-tests",
+    ":baselineprofile",
 )