🔖 Release 0.6.4

📝 Update release notes with WebSockets
✨ Add docs for WebSockets (#62 )
2025-12-24 14:48:35 -05:00 · 2019-03-02 22:33:48 +04:00 · 2019-03-02 21:51:01 +04:00 · 2019-03-02 21:45:15 +04:00 · 2019-03-02 20:00:27 +04:00 · 2019-03-02 19:54:52 +04:00
203 changed files with 8788 additions and 1284 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: "[BUG]"
+labels: bug
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Describe the bug**
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**To Reproduce**
+Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+1. Create a file with '...'
+2. Add a path operation function with '....'
+3. Open the browser and call it with a payload of '....'
+4. See error
+
+**Expected behavior**
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+
+**Screenshots**
+If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
+
+**Environment:**
+ - OS: [e.g. Linux / Windows / macOS]
+ - FastAPI Version [e.g. 0.3.0], get it with:
+
+```Python
+import fastapi
+print(fastapi.__version__)
+```
+
+- Python version, get it with:
+
+```bash
+python --version
+```
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context about the problem here.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: "[FEATURE]"
+labels: enhancement
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I want to be able to [...] but I can't because [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+name: Question
+about: Ask a question
+title: "[QUESTION]"
+labels: question
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Description**
+
+How can I [...]?
+
+Is it possible to [...]?
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ site
 .coverage
 coverage.xml
 .netlify
+test.db
--- a/11
+++ b/11
@@ -5,10 +5,7 @@ verify_ssl = true

 [dev-packages]
 mypy = "*"
-jedi = "*"
 black = "*"
-prospector = "*"
-rope = "*"
 jupyter = "*"
 better-exceptions = "*"
 pytest = "*"
@@ -21,10 +18,14 @@ mkdocs-material = "*"
 markdown-include = "*"
 autoflake = "*"
 email-validator = "*"
+ujson = "*"
+flake8 = "*"
+python-multipart = "*"
+sqlalchemy = "*"

 [packages]
-starlette = "*"
-pydantic = "*"
+starlette = "==0.11.1"
+pydantic = "==0.18.2"

 [requires]
 python_version = "3.6"
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ b/Pipfile.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "64539bfa9f03f10715a5f83b1d62776513ae44518c0cff011b7540c17eada955"
+            "sha256": "6b55a2dcce8b6bd5a1be8f170acb18478149218a01d1b026981a6297800cd3fa"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
@@ -26,18 +26,18 @@
        },
        "pydantic": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:51f879ca4b1d114c9f892737a0d65233251fb00fcd2b6da2be0d277b8ba7d28d",
-                "sha256:c90c9e5ae2a6a3f59efdcb1505ddfb18be6dc5648b536bf33782269460954cc2"
+                "sha256:9f023811b6cefd203c5fd8fd15a4152f04e79e531b8f676ab1244dfe06ce8024",
+                "sha256:edbb08b561feda505374c0f25e4b54466a0a0c702ed6b2efaabdc3890d1a82e7"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.16.1"
+            "version": "==0.18.2"
        },
        "starlette": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:01f04283b49a8cb0c8921baa90dbafe47e953f0a265f6ebb38176038e4bd9bf8"
+                "sha256:9d48b35d1fc7521d59ae53c421297ab3878d3c7cd4b75266d77f6c73cccb78bb"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.9.9"
+            "version": "==0.11.1"
        }
    },
    "develop": {
@@ -48,19 +48,12 @@
            ],
            "version": "==1.4.3"
        },
-        "astroid": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:292fa429e69d60e4161e7612cb7cc8fa3609e2e309f80c224d93a76d5e7b58be",
-                "sha256:c7013d119ec95eb626f7a2011f0b63d0c9a095df9ad06d8507b37084eada1a8d"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.0.4"
-        },
        "atomicwrites": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0312ad34fcad8fac3704d441f7b317e50af620823353ec657a53e981f92920c0",
-                "sha256:ec9ae8adaae229e4f8446952d204a3e4b5fdd2d099f9be3aaf556120135fb3ee"
+                "sha256:03472c30eb2c5d1ba9227e4c2ca66ab8287fbfbbda3888aa93dc2e28fc6811b4",
+                "sha256:75a9445bac02d8d058d5e1fe689654ba5a6556a1dfd8ce6ec55a0ed79866cfa6"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.2.1"
+            "version": "==1.3.0"
        },
        "attrs": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -85,10 +78,11 @@
        },
        "better-exceptions": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0a73efef96b48f867ea980227ac3b00d36a92754e6d316ad2ee472f136014580"
+                "sha256:bf79c87659bc849989d726bf0e4a2100edefe7eded112d201f54fe08467fdf63",
+                "sha256:c196cad849de615abb9f6eb67ca1b83f33b938818f0e2fe8fa157b22aeb7b992"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.2.1"
+            "version": "==0.2.2"
        },
        "black": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -100,10 +94,10 @@
        },
        "bleach": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:48d39675b80a75f6d1c3bdbffec791cf0bbbab665cf01e20da701c77de278718",
-                "sha256:73d26f018af5d5adcdabf5c1c974add4361a9c76af215fe32fdec8a6fc5fb9b9"
+                "sha256:213336e49e102af26d9cde77dd2d0397afabc5a6bf2fed985dc35b5d1e285a16",
+                "sha256:3fdf7f77adcf649c9911387df51254b813185e32b2c6619f690b593a617e19fa"
            ],
-            "version": "==3.0.2"
+            "version": "==3.1.0"
        },
        "certifi": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -162,10 +156,10 @@
        },
        "decorator": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2c51dff8ef3c447388fe5e4453d24a2bf128d3a4c32af3fabef1f01c6851ab82",
-                "sha256:c39efa13fbdeb4506c476c9b3babf6a718da943dab7811c206005a4a956c080c"
+                "sha256:33cd704aea07b4c28b3eb2c97d288a06918275dac0ecebdaf1bc8a48d98adb9e",
+                "sha256:cabb249f4710888a2fc0e13e9a16c343d932033718ff62e1e9bc93a9d3a9122b"
            ],
-            "version": "==4.3.0"
+            "version": "==4.3.2"
        },
        "defusedxml": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -189,12 +183,6 @@
            ],
            "version": "==0.14"
        },
-        "dodgy": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:65e13cf878d7aff129f1461c13cb5fd1bb6dfe66bb5327e09379c3877763280c"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.1.9"
-        },
        "email-validator": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:ddc4b5b59fa699bb10127adcf7ad4de78fde4ec539a072b104b8bb16da666ae5"
@@ -204,18 +192,26 @@
        },
        "entrypoints": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:10ad569bb245e7e2ba425285b9fa3e8178a0dc92fc53b1e1c553805e15a8825b",
-                "sha256:d2d587dde06f99545fb13a383d2cd336a8ff1f359c5839ce3a64c917d10c029f"
+                "sha256:589f874b313739ad35be6e0cd7efde2a4e9b6fea91edcc34e58ecbb8dbe56d19",
+                "sha256:c70dd71abe5a8c85e55e12c19bd91ccfeec11a6e99044204511f9ed547d48451"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.2.3"
+            "version": "==0.3"
+        },
+        "flake8": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:6d8c66a65635d46d54de59b027a1dda40abbe2275b3164b634835ac9c13fd048",
+                "sha256:6eab21c6e34df2c05416faa40d0c59963008fff29b6f0ccfe8fa28152ab3e383"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==3.7.6"
        },
        "flit": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:6aefa6ff89a993af7a7af40d3df3d0387d6663df99797981ec41b1431ec6d1e1",
-                "sha256:9969db9708305b64fd8acf20043fcff144f910222397a221fd29871f02ed4a6f"
+                "sha256:1d93f7a833ed8a6e120ddc40db5c4763bc39bccc75c05081ec8285ece718aefb",
+                "sha256:6f6f0fb83c51ffa3a150fa41b5ac118df9ea4a87c2c06dff4ebf9adbe7b52b36"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.2.1"
+            "version": "==1.3"
        },
        "idna": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -233,11 +229,11 @@
        },
        "ipython": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:6a9496209b76463f1dec126ab928919aaf1f55b38beb9219af3fe202f6bbdd12",
-                "sha256:f69932b1e806b38a7818d9a1e918e5821b685715040b48e59c657b3c7961b742"
+                "sha256:06de667a9e406924f97781bda22d5d76bfb39762b678762d86a466e63f65dc39",
+                "sha256:5d3e020a6b5f29df037555e5c45ab1088d6a7cf3bd84f47e0ba501eeb0c3ec82"
            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.3'",
-            "version": "==7.2.0"
+            "version": "==7.3.0"
        },
        "ipython-genutils": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -267,7 +263,6 @@
                "sha256:571702b5bd167911fe9036e5039ba67f820d6502832285cde8c881ab2b2149fd",
                "sha256:c8481b5e59d34a5c7c42e98f6625e633f6ef59353abea6437472c7ec2093f191"
            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==0.13.2"
        },
        "jinja2": {
@@ -279,10 +274,10 @@
        },
        "jsonschema": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3ae8afd6f4ca6417f14bf43ef61341311598f14234cdb4174fe43d42b236a3c8",
-                "sha256:dfd8426040892c8d0ef6da574085f282569f189cb24b70091a66c21c12d6705e"
+                "sha256:683fe7ed58763ea0be572de5aad47cd3cc1297640916f9a8ccd222b287da7d2f",
+                "sha256:b42d7a292addb57370e6260bcbadb77e00a899fe6ec998c453f45893c41c658b"
            ],
-            "version": "==3.0.0a3"
+            "version": "==3.0.0b3"
        },
        "jupyter": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -314,40 +309,6 @@
            ],
            "version": "==4.4.0"
        },
-        "lazy-object-proxy": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0ce34342b419bd8f018e6666bfef729aec3edf62345a53b537a4dcc115746a33",
-                "sha256:1b668120716eb7ee21d8a38815e5eb3bb8211117d9a90b0f8e21722c0758cc39",
-                "sha256:209615b0fe4624d79e50220ce3310ca1a9445fd8e6d3572a896e7f9146bbf019",
-                "sha256:27bf62cb2b1a2068d443ff7097ee33393f8483b570b475db8ebf7e1cba64f088",
-                "sha256:27ea6fd1c02dcc78172a82fc37fcc0992a94e4cecf53cb6d73f11749825bd98b",
-                "sha256:2c1b21b44ac9beb0fc848d3993924147ba45c4ebc24be19825e57aabbe74a99e",
-                "sha256:2df72ab12046a3496a92476020a1a0abf78b2a7db9ff4dc2036b8dd980203ae6",
-                "sha256:320ffd3de9699d3892048baee45ebfbbf9388a7d65d832d7e580243ade426d2b",
-                "sha256:50e3b9a464d5d08cc5227413db0d1c4707b6172e4d4d915c1c70e4de0bbff1f5",
-                "sha256:5276db7ff62bb7b52f77f1f51ed58850e315154249aceb42e7f4c611f0f847ff",
-                "sha256:61a6cf00dcb1a7f0c773ed4acc509cb636af2d6337a08f362413c76b2b47a8dd",
-                "sha256:6ae6c4cb59f199d8827c5a07546b2ab7e85d262acaccaacd49b62f53f7c456f7",
-                "sha256:7661d401d60d8bf15bb5da39e4dd72f5d764c5aff5a86ef52a042506e3e970ff",
-                "sha256:7bd527f36a605c914efca5d3d014170b2cb184723e423d26b1fb2fd9108e264d",
-                "sha256:7cb54db3535c8686ea12e9535eb087d32421184eacc6939ef15ef50f83a5e7e2",
-                "sha256:7f3a2d740291f7f2c111d86a1c4851b70fb000a6c8883a59660d95ad57b9df35",
-                "sha256:81304b7d8e9c824d058087dcb89144842c8e0dea6d281c031f59f0acf66963d4",
-                "sha256:933947e8b4fbe617a51528b09851685138b49d511af0b6c0da2539115d6d4514",
-                "sha256:94223d7f060301b3a8c09c9b3bc3294b56b2188e7d8179c762a1cda72c979252",
-                "sha256:ab3ca49afcb47058393b0122428358d2fbe0408cf99f1b58b295cfeb4ed39109",
-                "sha256:bd6292f565ca46dee4e737ebcc20742e3b5be2b01556dafe169f6c65d088875f",
-                "sha256:cb924aa3e4a3fb644d0c463cad5bc2572649a6a3f68a7f8e4fbe44aaa6d77e4c",
-                "sha256:d0fc7a286feac9077ec52a927fc9fe8fe2fabab95426722be4c953c9a8bede92",
-                "sha256:ddc34786490a6e4ec0a855d401034cbd1242ef186c20d79d2166d6a4bd449577",
-                "sha256:e34b155e36fa9da7e1b7c738ed7767fc9491a62ec6af70fe9da4a057759edc2d",
-                "sha256:e5b9e8f6bda48460b7b143c3821b21b452cb3a835e6bbd5dd33aa0c8d3f5137d",
-                "sha256:e81ebf6c5ee9684be8f2c87563880f93eedd56dd2b6146d8a725b50b7e5adb0f",
-                "sha256:eb91be369f945f10d3a49f5f9be8b3d0b93a4c2be8f8a5b83b0571b8123e0a7a",
-                "sha256:f460d1ceb0e4a5dcb2a652db0904224f367c9b3c1470d5a7683c0480e582468b"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.3.1"
-        },
        "livereload": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:29cadfabcedd12eed792e0131991235b9d4764d4474bed75cf525f57109ec0a2",
@@ -426,27 +387,27 @@
        },
        "mkdocs-material": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:037712dd7e2128a9b596943bcd92ebc9ad28800906dcee447e2fc008dd9dbbff",
-                "sha256:52522c8553a6d6da8fca2afe43297e8f88acdcf8ccf752a118148f1328f761e2"
+                "sha256:63c49a7020e5d187d5adcd441b259e0b81ad418599b22e2c2574b419ed833851",
+                "sha256:90a240f268f182a96098490d35bb75d5efc86b2f67d63a82b8750da20a72ef60"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.1.0"
+            "version": "==4.0.1"
        },
        "more-itertools": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c187a73da93e7a8acc0001572aebc7e3c69daf7bf6881a2cea10650bd4420092",
-                "sha256:c476b5d3a34e12d40130bc2f935028b5f636df8f372dc2c1c01dc19681b2039e",
-                "sha256:fcbfeaea0be121980e15bc97b3817b5202ca73d0eae185b4550cbfce2a3ebb3d"
+                "sha256:0125e8f60e9e031347105eb1682cef932f5e97d7b9a1a28d9bf00c22a5daef40",
+                "sha256:590044e3942351a1bdb1de960b739ff4ce277960f2425ad4509446dbace8d9d1"
            ],
-            "version": "==4.3.0"
+            "markers": "python_version > '2.7'",
+            "version": "==6.0.0"
        },
        "mypy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:12d965c9c4e8a625673aec493162cf390e66de12ef176b1f4821ac00d55f3ab3",
-                "sha256:38d5b5f835a81817dcc0af8d155bce4e9aefa03794fe32ed154d6612e83feafa"
+                "sha256:308c274eb8482fbf16006f549137ddc0d69e5a589465e37b99c4564414363ca7",
+                "sha256:e80fd6af34614a0e898a57f14296d0dacb584648f0339c2e000ddbf0f4cc2f8d"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.650"
+            "version": "==0.670"
        },
        "mypy-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -457,10 +418,10 @@
        },
        "nbconvert": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:08d21cf4203fabafd0d09bbd63f06131b411db8ebeede34b0fd4be4548351779",
-                "sha256:a8a2749f972592aa9250db975304af6b7337f32337e523a2c995cc9e12c07807"
+                "sha256:302554a2e219bc0fc84f3edd3e79953f3767b46ab67626fdec16e38ba3f7efe4",
+                "sha256:5de8fb2284422272a1d45abc77c07b888127550a6d602ce619592a2b08a474ff"
            ],
-            "version": "==5.4.0"
+            "version": "==5.4.1"
        },
        "nbformat": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -484,17 +445,10 @@
        },
        "parso": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:35704a43a3c113cce4de228ddb39aab374b8004f4f2407d070b6a2ca784ce8a2",
-                "sha256:895c63e93b94ac1e1690f5fdd40b65f07c8171e3e53cbd7793b5b96c0e0a7f24"
+                "sha256:4580328ae3f548b358f4901e38c0578229186835f0fa0846e47369796dd5bcc9",
+                "sha256:68406ebd7eafe17f8e40e15a84b56848eccbf27d7c1feb89e93d8fca395706db"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.3.1"
-        },
-        "pep8-naming": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1b419fa45b68b61cd8c5daf4e0c96d28915ad14d3d5f35fcc1e7e95324a33a2e",
-                "sha256:4eedfd4c4b05e48796f74f5d8628c068ff788b9c2b08471ad408007fc6450e5a"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.4.1"
+            "version": "==0.3.4"
        },
        "pexpect": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -513,10 +467,10 @@
        },
        "pluggy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:447ba94990e8014ee25ec853339faf7b0fc8050cdc3289d4d71f7f410fb90095",
-                "sha256:bde19360a8ec4dfd8a20dcb811780a30998101f078fc7ded6162f0076f50508f"
+                "sha256:8ddc32f03971bfdf900a81961a48ccf2fb677cf7715108f85295c67405798616",
+                "sha256:980710797ff6a041e9a73a5787804f848996ecaa6f8a1b1e08224a5894f2074a"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.8.0"
+            "version": "==0.8.1"
        },
        "prometheus-client": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -526,18 +480,11 @@
        },
        "prompt-toolkit": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c1d6aff5252ab2ef391c2fe498ed8c088066f66bc64a8d5c095bbf795d9fec34",
-                "sha256:d4c47f79b635a0e70b84fdb97ebd9a274203706b1ee5ed44c10da62755cf3ec9",
-                "sha256:fd17048d8335c1e6d5ee403c3569953ba3eb8555d710bfc548faf0712666ea39"
+                "sha256:88002cc618cacfda8760c4539e76c3b3f148ecdb7035a3d422c7ecdc90c2a3ba",
+                "sha256:c6655a12e9b08edb8cf5aeab4815fd1e1bdea4ad73d3bbf269cf2e0c4eb75d5e",
+                "sha256:df5835fb8f417aa55e5cafadbaeb0cf630a1e824aad16989f9f0493e679ec010"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.0.7"
-        },
-        "prospector": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:877d8d361a5c0e04c8587718c22c5d671afcf814945c96b3e592836d772943fd"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.1.6.2"
+            "version": "==2.0.8"
        },
        "ptyprocess": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -556,25 +503,17 @@
        },
        "pycodestyle": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:cbc619d09254895b0d12c2c691e237b2e91e9b2ecf5e84c26b35400f93dcfb83",
-                "sha256:cbfca99bd594a10f674d0cd97a3d802a1fdef635d4361e1a2658de47ed261e3a"
+                "sha256:95a2219d12372f05704562a14ec30bc76b05a5b297b21a5dfe3f6fac3491ae56",
+                "sha256:e40a936c9a450ad81df37f549d676d127b1b66000a6c500caa2b085bc0ca976c"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.4.0"
-        },
-        "pydocstyle": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2258f9b0df68b97bf3a6c29003edc5238ff8879f1efb6f1999988d934e432bd8",
-                "sha256:5741c85e408f9e0ddf873611085e819b809fca90b619f5fd7f34bd4959da3dd4",
-                "sha256:ed79d4ec5e92655eccc21eb0c6cf512e69512b4a97d215ace46d17e4990f2039"
-            ],
-            "version": "==3.0.0"
+            "version": "==2.5.0"
        },
        "pyflakes": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:08bd6a50edf8cffa9fa09a463063c425ecaaf10d1eb0335a7e8b1401aef89e6f",
-                "sha256:8d616a382f243dbf19b54743f280b80198be0bca3a5396f1d2e1fca6223e8805"
+                "sha256:5e8c00e30c464c99e0b501dc160b13a14af7f27d4dffb529c556e30a159e231d",
+                "sha256:f277f9ca3e55de669fba45b7393a1449009cff5a37d1af10ebb76c52765269cd"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.6.0"
+            "version": "==2.1.0"
        },
        "pygments": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -583,38 +522,6 @@
            ],
            "version": "==2.3.1"
        },
-        "pylint": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1d6d3622c94b4887115fe5204982eee66fdd8a951cf98635ee5caee6ec98c3ec",
-                "sha256:31142f764d2a7cd41df5196f9933b12b7ee55e73ef12204b648ad7e556c119fb"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.1.1"
-        },
-        "pylint-celery": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:41e32094e7408d15c044178ea828dd524beedbdbe6f83f712c5e35bde1de4beb"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.3"
-        },
-        "pylint-django": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:5dc5f85caef2c5f9e61622b9cbd89d94edd3dcf546939b2974d18de4fa90d676",
-                "sha256:bf313f10b68ed915a34f0f475cc9ff8c7f574a95302beb48b79c5993f7efd84c"
-            ],
-            "version": "==2.0.2"
-        },
-        "pylint-flask": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:8fcdbb7cbf13d8c2ac1f2230b2aa1c1b83bb3ca2bd8b76f95561cb8757a305ec"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.5"
-        },
-        "pylint-plugin-utils": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:8ad25a82bcce390d1d6b7c006c123e0cb18051839c9df7b8bdb7823c53fe676e"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.4"
-        },
        "pymdown-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:25b0a7967fa697b5035e23340a48594e3e93acb10b06d74574218ace3347d1df",
@@ -624,32 +531,39 @@
        },
        "pyrsistent": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:05910b7ff43cec0a853c15da0bfaf2867faa95f29b08e71f5846a195f1f38c75"
+                "sha256:07f7ae71291af8b0dbad8c2ab630d8223e4a8c4e10fc37badda158c02e753acf"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.14.7"
+            "version": "==0.14.10"
        },
        "pytest": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:f689bf2fc18c4585403348dd56f47d87780bf217c53ed9ae7a3e2d7faa45f8e9",
-                "sha256:f812ea39a0153566be53d88f8de94839db1e8a05352ed8a49525d7d7f37861e9"
+                "sha256:067a1d4bf827ffdd56ad21bd46674703fce77c5957f6c1eef731f6146bfcef1c",
+                "sha256:9687049d53695ad45cf5fdc7bbd51f0c49f1ea3ecfc4b7f3fde7501b541f17f4"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.0.2"
+            "version": "==4.3.0"
        },
        "pytest-cov": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:513c425e931a0344944f84ea47f3956be0e416d95acbd897a44970c8d926d5d7",
-                "sha256:e360f048b7dae3f2f2a9a4d067b2dd6b6a015d384d1577c994a43f3f7cbad762"
+                "sha256:0ab664b25c6aa9716cbf203b17ddb301932383046082c081b9848a0edf5add33",
+                "sha256:230ef817450ab0699c6cc3c9c8f7a829c34674456f2ed8df1fe1d39780f7c87f"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==2.6.0"
+            "version": "==2.6.1"
        },
        "python-dateutil": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:063df5763652e21de43de7d9e00ccf239f953a832941e37be541614732cdfc93",
-                "sha256:88f9287c0174266bb0d8cedd395cfba9c58e87e5ad86b2ce58859bc11be3cf02"
+                "sha256:7e6584c74aeed623791615e26efd690f29817a27c73085b78e4bad02493df2fb",
+                "sha256:c89805f6f4d64db21ed966fda138f8a5ed7a4fdbc1a8ee329ce1b74e3c74da9e"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.7.5"
+            "version": "==2.8.0"
+        },
+        "python-multipart": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:f7bb5f611fc600d15fa47b3974c8aa16e93724513b49b5f95c81e6624c83fa43"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==0.0.5"
        },
        "pytoml": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -669,33 +583,23 @@
        },
        "pyzmq": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:25a0715c8f69cf72f67cfe5a68a3f3ed391c67c063d2257bec0fe7fc2c7f08f8",
-                "sha256:2bab63759632c6b9e0d5bf19cc63c3b01df267d660e0abcf230cf0afaa966349",
-                "sha256:30ab49d99b24bf0908ebe1cdfa421720bfab6f93174e4883075b7ff38cc555ba",
-                "sha256:32c7ca9fc547a91e3c26fc6080b6982e46e79819e706eb414dd78f635a65d946",
-                "sha256:41219ae72b3cc86d97557fe5b1ef5d1adc1057292ec597b50050874a970a39cf",
-                "sha256:4b8c48a9a13cea8f1f16622f9bd46127108af14cd26150461e3eab71e0de3e46",
-                "sha256:55724997b4a929c0d01b43c95051318e26ddbae23565018e138ae2dc60187e59",
-                "sha256:65f0a4afae59d4fc0aad54a917ab599162613a761b760ba167d66cc646ac3786",
-                "sha256:6f88591a8b246f5c285ee6ce5c1bf4f6bd8464b7f090b1333a446b6240a68d40",
-                "sha256:75022a4c60dcd8765bb9ca32f6de75a0ec83b0d96e0309dc479f4c7b21f26cb7",
-                "sha256:76ea493bfab18dcb090d825f3662b5612e2def73dffc196d51a5194b0294a81d",
-                "sha256:7b60c045b80709e4e3c085bab9b691e71761b44c2b42dbb047b8b498e7bc16b3",
-                "sha256:8e6af2f736734aef8ed6f278f9f552ec7f37b1a6b98e59b887484a840757f67d",
-                "sha256:9ac2298e486524331e26390eac14e4627effd3f8e001d4266ed9d8f1d2d31cce",
-                "sha256:9ba650f493a9bc1f24feca1d90fce0e5dd41088a252ac9840131dfbdbf3815ca",
-                "sha256:a02a4a385e394e46012dc83d2e8fd6523f039bb52997c1c34a2e0dd49ed839c1",
-                "sha256:a3ceee84114d9f5711fa0f4db9c652af0e4636c89eabc9b7f03a3882569dd1ed",
-                "sha256:a72b82ac1910f2cf61a49139f4974f994984475f771b0faa730839607eeedddf",
-                "sha256:ab136ac51027e7c484c53138a0fab4a8a51e80d05162eb7b1585583bcfdbad27",
-                "sha256:c095b224300bcac61e6c445e27f9046981b1ac20d891b2f1714da89d34c637c8",
-                "sha256:c5cc52d16c06dc2521340d69adda78a8e1031705924e103c0eb8fc8af861d810",
-                "sha256:d612e9833a89e8177f8c1dc68d7b4ff98d3186cd331acd616b01bbdab67d3a7b",
-                "sha256:e828376a23c66c6fe90dcea24b4b72cd774f555a6ee94081670872918df87a19",
-                "sha256:e9767c7ab2eb552796440168d5c6e23a99ecaade08dda16266d43ad461730192",
-                "sha256:ebf8b800d42d217e4710d1582b0c8bff20cdcb4faad7c7213e52644034300924"
+                "sha256:15f0bf7cd80020f165635595e197603aedb37fddf4164ad5ae226afc43242f7b",
+                "sha256:1756dc72e192c670490e38c788c3a35f901adc74ee436e5131d5a3e85fdd7dc6",
+                "sha256:1d1eb490da54679d724b08ef3ee04530849023670c4ba7e400ed2cdf906720c4",
+                "sha256:228402625796821f08706f58cc42a3c51c9897d723550babaefe4feec2b6dacc",
+                "sha256:3928534fa00a2aabfcfdb439c08ba37fbe99ab0cf57776c8db8d2b73a51693ba",
+                "sha256:3d2a295b1086d450981f73d3561ac204a0cc9c8ded386a4a34327d918f3b1d0a",
+                "sha256:4fd8621a309db6ec23ef1369f43cdf7a9b0dc217d8ff9ca4095a6e932b379bda",
+                "sha256:54fe55a1694ffe608c8e4c5183e83cab7a91f3e5c84bd6f188868d6676c12aba",
+                "sha256:618887be4ad754228c0cbba7631f6574608b4430fe93974e6322324f1304fdac",
+                "sha256:69130efb6efa936de601cb135a8a4eec1caccd4ea2b784237145ff4075c2d3ae",
+                "sha256:6e7f78eeac82140bde7e60e975c6e6b1b678a4dd377782ab63319c1c78bf3aa1",
+                "sha256:6ee760cdb84e43574da6b3f2f1fc1251e8acf87253900d28a06451c5f5de39e9",
+                "sha256:97cb1b7cd2c46e87b0a26651eccd2bbb8c758035efd1635ebb81ac36aa76a88c",
+                "sha256:abfa774dbadacc849121ed92eae05189d226daab583388b499472e1bbb17ef69",
+                "sha256:b30c339eb58355f51f4f54dd61d785f1ff58c86bca1c3a5916977631d121867b"
            ],
-            "version": "==17.1.2"
+            "version": "==18.0.0"
        },
        "qtconsole": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -712,19 +616,6 @@
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==2.21.0"
        },
-        "requirements-detector": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:9fbc4b24e8b7c3663aff32e3eba34596848c6b91bd425079b386973bd8d08931"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.6"
-        },
-        "rope": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:a108c445e1cd897fe19272ab7877d172e7faf3d4148c80e7d20faba42ea8f7b2"
-            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.11.0"
-        },
        "send2trash": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:60001cc07d707fe247c94f74ca6ac0d3255aabcb930529690897ca2a39db28b2",
@@ -732,12 +623,6 @@
            ],
            "version": "==1.5.0"
        },
-        "setoptconf": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:5b0b5d8e0077713f5d5152d4f63be6f048d9a1bb66be15d089a11c898c3cf49c"
-            ],
-            "version": "==0.2.0"
-        },
        "six": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:3350809f0555b11f552448330d0b52d5f24c91a322ea4a15ef22629740f3761c",
@@ -745,12 +630,12 @@
            ],
            "version": "==1.12.0"
        },
-        "snowballstemmer": {
+        "sqlalchemy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:919f26a68b2c17a7634da993d91339e288964f93c274f1343e3bbbe2096e1128",
-                "sha256:9f3bcd3c401c3e862ec0ebe6d2c069ebc012ce142cce209c098ccb5b09136e89"
+                "sha256:7dede29f121071da9873e7b8c98091874617858e790dc364ffaab4b09d81216c"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.2.1"
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==1.3.0b3"
        },
        "terminado": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -775,15 +660,9 @@
        },
        "tornado": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0662d28b1ca9f67108c7e3b77afabfb9c7e87bde174fbda78186ecedc2499a9d",
-                "sha256:4e5158d97583502a7e2739951553cbd88a72076f152b4b11b64b9a10c4c49409",
-                "sha256:732e836008c708de2e89a31cb2fa6c0e5a70cb60492bee6f1ea1047500feaf7f",
-                "sha256:8154ec22c450df4e06b35f131adc4f2f3a12ec85981a203301d310abf580500f",
-                "sha256:8e9d728c4579682e837c92fdd98036bd5cdefa1da2aaf6acf26947e6dd0c01c5",
-                "sha256:d4b3e5329f572f055b587efc57d29bd051589fb5a43ec8898c77a47ec2fa2bbb",
-                "sha256:e5f2585afccbff22390cddac29849df463b252b711aa2ce7c5f3f342a5b3b444"
+                "sha256:d3b719a0cb7094e2b1ca94b31f4b601639fa7ad01a548a1a2ccdd6cbdfd56671"
            ],
-            "version": "==5.1.1"
+            "version": "==6.0b1"
        },
        "traitlets": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -794,30 +673,34 @@
        },
        "typed-ast": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0555eca1671ebe09eb5f2176723826f6f44cca5060502fea259de9b0e893ab53",
-                "sha256:0ca96128ea66163aea13911c9b4b661cb345eb729a20be15c034271360fc7474",
-                "sha256:16ccd06d614cf81b96de42a37679af12526ea25a208bce3da2d9226f44563868",
-                "sha256:1e21ae7b49a3f744958ffad1737dfbdb43e1137503ccc59f4e32c4ac33b0bd1c",
-                "sha256:37670c6fd857b5eb68aa5d193e14098354783b5138de482afa401cc2644f5a7f",
-                "sha256:46d84c8e3806619ece595aaf4f37743083f9454c9ea68a517f1daa05126daf1d",
-                "sha256:5b972bbb3819ece283a67358103cc6671da3646397b06e7acea558444daf54b2",
-                "sha256:6306ffa64922a7b58ee2e8d6f207813460ca5a90213b4a400c2e730375049246",
-                "sha256:6cb25dc95078931ecbd6cbcc4178d1b8ae8f2b513ae9c3bd0b7f81c2191db4c6",
-                "sha256:7e19d439fee23620dea6468d85bfe529b873dace39b7e5b0c82c7099681f8a22",
-                "sha256:7f5cd83af6b3ca9757e1127d852f497d11c7b09b4716c355acfbebf783d028da",
-                "sha256:81e885a713e06faeef37223a5b1167615db87f947ecc73f815b9d1bbd6b585be",
-                "sha256:94af325c9fe354019a29f9016277c547ad5d8a2d98a02806f27a7436b2da6735",
-                "sha256:b1e5445c6075f509d5764b84ce641a1535748801253b97f3b7ea9d948a22853a",
-                "sha256:cb061a959fec9a514d243831c514b51ccb940b58a5ce572a4e209810f2507dcf",
-                "sha256:cc8d0b703d573cbabe0d51c9d68ab68df42a81409e4ed6af45a04a95484b96a5",
-                "sha256:da0afa955865920edb146926455ec49da20965389982f91e926389666f5cf86a",
-                "sha256:dc76738331d61818ce0b90647aedde17bbba3d3f9e969d83c1d9087b4f978862",
-                "sha256:e7ec9a1445d27dbd0446568035f7106fa899a36f55e52ade28020f7b3845180d",
-                "sha256:f741ba03feb480061ab91a465d1a3ed2d40b52822ada5b4017770dfcb88f839f",
-                "sha256:fe800a58547dd424cd286b7270b967b5b3316b993d86453ede184a17b5a6b17d"
+                "sha256:035a54ede6ce1380599b2ce57844c6554666522e376bd111eb940fbc7c3dad23",
+                "sha256:037c35f2741ce3a9ac0d55abfcd119133cbd821fffa4461397718287092d9d15",
+                "sha256:049feae7e9f180b64efacbdc36b3af64a00393a47be22fa9cb6794e68d4e73d3",
+                "sha256:19228f7940beafc1ba21a6e8e070e0b0bfd1457902a3a81709762b8b9039b88d",
+                "sha256:2ea681e91e3550a30c2265d2916f40a5f5d89b59469a20f3bad7d07adee0f7a6",
+                "sha256:3a6b0a78af298d82323660df5497bcea0f0a4a25a0b003afd0ce5af049bd1f60",
+                "sha256:5385da8f3b801014504df0852bf83524599df890387a3c2b17b7caa3d78b1773",
+                "sha256:606d8afa07eef77280c2bf84335e24390055b478392e1975f96286d99d0cb424",
+                "sha256:69245b5b23bbf7fb242c9f8f08493e9ecd7711f063259aefffaeb90595d62287",
+                "sha256:6f6d839ab09830d59b7fa8fb6917023d8cb5498ee1f1dbd82d37db78eb76bc99",
+                "sha256:730888475f5ac0e37c1de4bd05eeb799fdb742697867f524dc8a4cd74bcecc23",
+                "sha256:9819b5162ffc121b9e334923c685b0d0826154e41dfe70b2ede2ce29034c71d8",
+                "sha256:9e60ef9426efab601dd9aa120e4ff560f4461cf8442e9c0a2b92548d52800699",
+                "sha256:af5fbdde0690c7da68e841d7fc2632345d570768ea7406a9434446d7b33b0ee1",
+                "sha256:b64efdbdf3bbb1377562c179f167f3bf301251411eb5ac77dec6b7d32bcda463",
+                "sha256:bac5f444c118aeb456fac1b0b5d14c6a71ea2a42069b09c176f75e9bd4c186f6",
+                "sha256:bda9068aafb73859491e13b99b682bd299c1b5fd50644d697533775828a28ee0",
+                "sha256:d659517ca116e6750101a1326107d3479028c5191f0ecee3c7203c50f5b915b0",
+                "sha256:eddd3fb1f3e0f82e5915a899285a39ee34ce18fd25d89582bc89fc9fb16cd2c6"
            ],
-            "markers": "python_version < '3.7' and implementation_name == 'cpython'",
-            "version": "==1.1.1"
+            "version": "==1.3.1"
+        },
+        "ujson": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:f66073e5506e91d204ab0c614a148d5aa938bdbf104751be66f8ad7a222f5f86"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==1.35"
        },
        "urllib3": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -846,12 +729,6 @@
                "sha256:fa618be8435447a017fd1bf2c7ae922d0428056cfc7449f7a8641edf76b48265"
            ],
            "version": "==3.4.2"
-        },
-        "wrapt": {
-            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:d4d560d479f2c21e1b5443bbd15fe7ec4b37fe7e53d335d3b9b0a7b1226fe3c6"
-            ],
-            "version": "==1.10.11"
        }
    }
 }
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal-vector.svg" alt='FastAPI'></a>
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
 </p>
 <p align="center">
    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@

 ---

-FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+.
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.

 The key features are:

-* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic).
+* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).

 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300% *.
 * **Less bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ The key features are:
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
 * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Less bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
-* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.

 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https

 ## Example upgrade

-Now modify the file `main.py` to recive a body from a `PUT` request.
+Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.

 Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ item: Item
 * Validation of data:
    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
-* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network, to Python data and types. Reading from:
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
    * JSON.
    * Path parameters.
    * Query parameters.
@@ -291,8 +291,8 @@ Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
    * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
    * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
 * Convert from and to JSON automatically.
-* Document everything as an OpenAPI schema, that can be used by:
-    * Interactive documentation sytems.
+* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
+    * Interactive documentation systems.
    * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
 * Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.

@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@ Try changing the line with:

 ...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:

-![editor support](img/vscode-completion.png)
 ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)


@@ -330,7 +329,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 **Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:

 * Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
-* How to set **validation constrains** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
+* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
 * A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
 * Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
 * More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
@@ -343,6 +342,11 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
    * ...and more.


+## Performance
+
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.

 ## Optional Dependencies

@@ -367,7 +371,7 @@ Used by FastAPI / Starlette:

 * <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.

-You can install all of these with `pip3 install fastapi[full]`.
+You can install all of these with `pip3 install fastapi[all]`.

 ## License

--- a/docs/alternatives.md
+++ b/docs/alternatives.md
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+What inspired **FastAPI**, how it compares to other alternatives and what it learned from them.
+
+## Intro
+
+**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.
+
+There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.
+
+I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.
+
+But at some point, there was no other option than creating something that provided all these features, taking the best ideas from previous tools, and combining them in the best way possible, using language features that weren't even available before (Python 3.6+ type hints).
+
+## Previous tools
+
+### <a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/" target="_blank">Django</a>
+
+It's the most popular Python framework and is widely trusted. It is used to build systems like Instagram.
+
+It's relatively tightly coupled with relational databases (like MySQL or PostgreSQL), so, having a NoSQL database (like Couchbase, MongoDB, Cassandra, etc) as the main store engine is not very easy.
+
+It was created to generate the HTML in the backend, not to create APIs used by a modern frontend (like React, Vue.js and Angular) or by other systems (like <abbr title="Internet of Things">IoT</abbr> devices) communicating with it.
+
+### <a href="https://www.django-rest-framework.org/" target="_blank">Django REST Framework</a>
+
+Django REST framework was created to be a flexible toolkit for building Web APIs using Django underneath, to improve its API capabilities.
+
+It is used by many companies including Mozilla, Red Hat and Eventbrite.
+
+It was one of the first examples of **automatic API documentation**, and this was specifically one of the first ideas that inspired "the search for" **FastAPI**.
+
+!!! note
+    Django REST Framework was created by Tom Christie. The same creator of Starlette and Uvicorn, on which **FastAPI** is based.
+
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Have an automatic API documentation web user interface.
+
+### <a href="http://flask.pocoo.org/" target="_blank">Flask</a>
+
+Flask is a "microframework", it doesn't include database integrations nor many of the things that come by default in Django.
+
+This simplicity and flexibility allow doing things like using NoSQL databases as the main data storage system.
+
+As it is very simple, it's relatively intuitive to learn, although the documentation gets somewhat technical at some points.
+
+It is also commonly used for other applications that don't necessarily need a database, user management, or any of the many features that come pre-built in Django. Although many of these features can be added with plug-ins.
+
+This decoupling of parts, and being a "microframework" that could be extended to cover exactly what is needed was a key feature that I wanted to keep.
+
+Given the simplicity of Flask, it seemed like a good match for building APIs. The next thing to find was a "Django REST Framework" for Flask.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Be a micro-framework. Making it easy to mix and match the tools and parts needed.
+
+    Have a simple and easy to use routing system.
+
+
+### <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank">Requests</a>
+
+**FastAPI** is not actually an alternative to **Requests**. Their scope is very different.
+
+It would actually be common to use Requests *inside* of a FastAPI application.
+
+But still, FastAPI got quite some inspiration from Requests.
+
+**Requests** is a library to *interact* with APIs (as a client), while **FastAPI** is a library to *build* APIs (as a server).
+
+They are, more or less, at opposite ends, complementing each other.
+
+Requests has a very simple and intuitive design, it's very easy to use, with sensible defaults. But at the same time, it's very powerful and customizable.
+
+That's why, as said in the official website:
+
+> Requests is one of the most downloaded Python packages of all time
+
+The way you use it is very simple. For example, to do a `GET` request, you would write:
+
+```Python
+response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url")
+```
+
+The FastAPI counterpart API path operation could look like:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+@app.get("/some/url")
+def read_url():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+See the similarities in `requests.get(...)` and `@app.get(...)`.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    * Have a simple and intuitive API.
+    * Use HTTP method names (operations) directly, in a straightforward and intuitive way.
+    * Have sensible defaults, but powerful customizations.
+
+
+### <a href="https://swagger.io/" target="_blank">Swagger</a> / <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a>
+
+The main feature I wanted from Django REST Framework was the automatic API documentation.
+
+Then I found that there was a standard to document APIs, using JSON (or YAML, an extension of JSON) called Swagger.
+
+And there was a web user interface for Swagger APIs already created. So, being able to generate Swagger documentation for an API would allow using this web user interface automatically.
+
+At some point, Swagger was given to the Linux Foundation, to be renamed OpenAPI.
+
+That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for version 3+ "OpenAPI".
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Adopt and use an open standard for API specifications, instead of a custom schema.
+
+    And integrate standards-based user interface tools:
+
+    * <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>
+    * <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>
+
+    These two were chosen for being fairly popular and stable, but doing a quick search, you could find dozens of additional alternative user interfaces for OpenAPI (that you can use with **FastAPI**).
+
+### Flask REST frameworks
+
+There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.
+
+### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0/" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>
+
+One of the main features needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.
+
+Another big feature needed by APIs is data validation, making sure that the data is valid, given certain parameters. For example, that some field is an `int`, and not some random string. This is especially useful for incoming data.
+
+Without a data validation system, you would have to do all the checks by hand, in code.
+
+These features are what Marshmallow was built to provide. It is a great library, and I have used it a lot before.
+
+But it was created before there existed Python type hints. So, to define every <abbr title="the definition of how data should be formed">schema</abbr> you need to use specific utils and classes provided by Marshmallow.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Use code to define "schemas" that provide data types and validation, automatically.
+
+### <a href="https://webargs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">Webargs</a>
+
+Another big feature required by APIs is <abbr title="reading and converting to Python data">parsing</abbr> data from incoming requests.
+
+Webargs is a tool that was made to provide that on top of several frameworks, including Flask.
+
+It uses Marshmallow underneath to do the data validation. And it was created by the same guys.
+
+It's a great tool and I have used it a lot too, before having **FastAPI**.
+
+!!! info
+    Webargs was created by the same Marshmallow guys.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Have automatic validation of incoming request data.
+
+### <a href="https://apispec.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" target="_blank">APISpec</a>
+
+Marshmallow and Webargs provide validation, parsing and serialization as plug-ins.
+
+But documentation is still missing. Then APISpec was created.
+
+It is a plug-in for many frameworks (and there's a plug-in for Starlette too).
+
+The way it works is that you write the definition of the schema using YAML format inside the docstring of each function handling a route.
+
+And it generates OpenAPI schemas.
+
+That's how it works in Flask, Starlette, Responder, etc.
+
+But then, we have again the problem of having a micro-syntax, inside of a Python string (a big YAML).
+
+The editor can't help much with that. And if we modify parameters or Marshmallow schemas and forget to also modify that YAML docstring, the generated schema would be obsolete.
+
+!!! info
+    APISpec was created by the same Marshmallow guys.
+
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Support the open standard for APIs, OpenAPI.
+
+### <a href="https://flask-apispec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">Flask-apispec</a>
+
+It's a Flask plug-in, that ties together Webargs, Marshmallow and APISpec.
+
+It uses the information from Webargs and Marshmallow to automatically generate OpenAPI schemas, using APISpec.
+
+It's a great tool, very under-rated. It should be way more popular than many Flask plug-ins out there. It might be due to its documentation being too concise and abstract.
+
+This solved having to write YAML (another syntax) inside of Python docstrings.
+
+This combination of Flask, Flask-apispec with Marshmallow and Webargs was my favorite backend stack until building **FastAPI**.
+
+Using it led to the creation of several Flask full-stack generators. These are the main stack I (and several external teams) have been using up to now:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb</a>
+
+And these same full-stack generators were the base of the <a href="/project-generation/" target="_blank">**FastAPI** project generator</a>.
+
+!!! info
+    Flask-apispec was created by the same Marshmallow guys.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Generate the OpenAPI schema automatically, from the same code that defines serialization and validation.
+
+### <a href="https://nestjs.com/" target="_blank">NestJS</a> (and <a href="https://angular.io/" target="_blank">Angular</a>)
+
+This isn't even Python, NestJS is a JavaScript (TypeScript) NodeJS framework inspired by Angular.
+
+It achieves something somewhat similar to what can be done with Flask-apispec.
+
+It has an integrated dependency injection system, inspired by Angular two. It requires pre-registering the "injectables" (like all the other dependency injection systems I know), so, it adds to the verbosity and code repetition.
+
+As the parameters are described with TypeScript types (similar to Python type hints), editor support is quite good.
+
+But as TypeScript data is not preserved after compilation to JavaScript, it cannot rely on the types to define validation, serialization and documentation at the same time. Due to this and some design decisions, to get validation, serialization and automatic schema generation, it's needed to add decorators in many places. So, it becomes quite verbose.
+
+It can't handle nested models very well. So, if the JSON body in the request is a JSON object that has inner fields that in turn are nested JSON objects, it cannot be properly documented and validated.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Use Python types to have great editor support.
+
+    Have a powerful dependency injection system. Find a way to minimize code repetition.
+
+### <a href="https://sanic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">Sanic</a>
+
+It was one of the first extremely fast Python frameworks based on `asyncio`. It was made to be very similar to Flask.
+
+!!! note "Technical Details"
+    It used <a href="https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop" target="_blank">`uvloop`</a> instead of the default Python `asyncio` loop. That's what made it so fast.
+
+    It <a href="https://github.com/huge-success/sanic/issues/761" target="_blank">still doesn't implement the ASGI spec for Python asynchronous web development</a>, but it clearly inspired Uvicorn and Starlette, that are currently faster than Sanic in open benchmarks.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Find a way to have a crazy performance.
+    
+    That's why **FastAPI** is based on Starlette, as it is the fastest framework available (tested by third-party benchmarks).
+
+### <a href="https://moltenframework.com/" target="_blank">Molten</a>
+
+I discovered Molten in the first stages of building **FastAPI**. And it has quite similar ideas:
+
+* Based on Python type hints.
+* Validation and documentation from these types.
+* Dependency Injection system.
+
+It doesn't use a data validation, serialization and documentation third-party library like Pydantic, it has its own. So, these data type definitions would not be reusable as easily.
+
+It requires a little bit more verbose configurations. And as it is based on WSGI (instead of ASGI), it is not designed to take advantage of the high-performance provided by tools like Uvicorn, Starlette and Sanic.
+
+The dependency injection system requires pre-registration of the dependencies and the dependencies are solved based on the declared types. So, it's not possible to declare more than one "component" that provides a certain type.
+
+Routes are declared in a single place, using functions declared in other places (instead of using decorators that can be placed right on top of the function that handles the endpoint). This is closer to how Django does it than to how Flask (and Starlette) does it. It separates in the code things that are relatively tightly coupled.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Define extra validations for data types using the "default" value of model attributes. This improves editor support, and it was not available in Pydantic before.
+
+    This actually inspired updating parts of Pydantic, to support the same validation declaration style (all this functionality is now already available in Pydantic).
+
+### <a href="https://github.com/encode/apistar" target="_blank">APIStar</a> (<= 0.5)
+
+Right before deciding to build **FastAPI** I found **APIStar** server. It had almost everything I was looking for and had a great design.
+
+It was actually the first implementation of a framework using Python type hints to declare parameters and requests that I ever saw (before NestJS and Molten).
+
+It had automatic data validation, data serialization and OpenAPI schema generation based on the same type hints in several places.
+
+Body schema definitions didn't use the same Python type hints like Pydantic, it was a bit more similar to Marshmallow, so, editor support wouldn't be as good, but still, APIStar was the best available option.
+
+It had the best performance benchmarks at the time (only surpassed by Starlette).
+
+At first, it didn't have an automatic API documentation web UI, but I knew I could add Swagger UI to it.
+
+It had a dependency injection system. It required pre-registration of components, as other tools discussed above. But still, it was a great feature.
+
+I was never able to use it in a full project, as it didn't have security integration, so, I couldn't replace all the features I was having with the full-stack generators based on Flask-apispec. I had in my backlog of projects to create a pull request adding that functionality.
+
+But then, the project's focus shifted.
+
+It was no longer an API web framework, as the creator needed to focus on Starlette.
+
+Now APIStar is a set of tools to validate OpenAPI specifications, not a web framework.
+
+!!! info
+    APIStar was created by Tom Christie. The same guy that created:
+
+    * Django REST Framework
+    * Starlette (in which **FastAPI** is based)
+    * Uvicorn (used by Starlette and **FastAPI**)
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Exist.
+
+    The idea of declaring multiple things (data validation, serialization and documentation) with the same Python types, that at the same time provided great editor support, was something I considered a brilliant idea.
+    
+    And after searching for a long time for a similar framework and testing many different alternatives, APIStar was the best option available.
+
+    Then APIStar stopped to exist as a server and Starlette was created, and was a new better foundation for such a system. That was the final inspiration to build **FastAPI**.
+
+    I consider **FastAPI** a "spiritual successor" to APIStar, while improving and increasing the features, typing system, and other parts, based on the learnings from all these previous tools.
+
+## Used by **FastAPI**
+
+### <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" target="_blank">Pydantic</a>
+
+Pydantic is a library to define data validation, serialization and documentation (using JSON Schema) based on Python type hints.
+
+That makes it extremely intuitive.
+
+It is comparable to Marshmallow. Although it's faster than Marshmallow in benchmarks. And as it is based on the same Python type hints, the editor support is great.
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI** uses it to"
+    Handle all the data validation, data serialization and automatic model documentation (based on JSON Schema).
+
+    **FastAPI** then takes that JSON Schema data and puts it in OpenAPI, apart from all the other things it does.
+
+### <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" target="_blank">Starlette</a>
+
+Starlette is a lightweight <abbr title="The new standard for building asynchronous Python web">ASGI</abbr> framework/toolkit, which is ideal for building high-performance asyncio services.
+
+It is very simple and intuitive. It's designed to be easily extensible, and have modular components.
+
+It has:
+
+* Seriously impressive performance.
+* WebSocket support.
+* GraphQL support.
+* In-process background tasks.
+* Startup and shutdown events.
+* Test client built on requests.
+* CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
+* Session and Cookie support.
+* 100% test coverage.
+* 100% type annotated codebase.
+* Zero hard dependencies.
+
+Starlette is currently the fastest Python framework tested. Only surpassed by Uvicorn, which is not a framework, but a server.
+
+Starlette provides all the basic web microframework functionality.
+
+But it doesn't provide automatic data validation, serialization or documentation.
+
+That's one of the main things that **FastAPI** adds on top, all based on Python type hints (using Pydantic). That, plus the dependency injection system, security utilities, OpenAPI schema generation, etc.
+
+!!! note "Technical Details"
+    ASGI is a new "standard" being developed by Django core team members. It is still not a "Python standard" (a PEP), although they are in the process of doing that.
+
+    Nevertheless, it is already being used as a "standard" by several tools. This greatly improves interoperability, as you could switch Uvicorn for any other ASGI server (like Daphne or Hypercorn), or you could add ASGI compatible tools, like `python-socketio`.
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI** uses it to"
+    Handle all the core web parts. Adding features on top.
+
+    The class `FastAPI` itself inherits directly from the class `Starlette`.
+    
+    So, anything that you can do with Starlette, you can do it directly with **FastAPI**, as it is basically Starlette on steroids.
+
+### <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>
+
+Uvicorn is a lightning-fast ASGI server, built on uvloop and httptools.
+
+It is not a web framework, but a server. For example, it doesn't provide tools for routing by paths. That's something that a framework like Starlette (or **FastAPI**) would provide on top.
+
+It is the recommended server for Starlette and **FastAPI**.
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI** recommends it as"
+    The main web server to run **FastAPI** applications.
+
+    You can combine it with Gunicorn, to have an asynchronous multi-process server.
+
+    Check more details in the <a href="/deployment/" target="_blank">Deployment</a> section.
+
+## Benchmarks and speed
+
+To understand, compare, and see the difference between Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI, check the section about [Benchmarks](/benchmarks/).
--- a/docs/async.md
+++ b/docs/async.md
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ So, about the egg and the chicken, how do you call the first `async` function?

 If you are working with **FastAPI** you don't have to worry about that, because that "first" function will be your path operation function, and FastAPI will know how to do the right thing.

-But if you want to use `async` / `await` without FastAPI, <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#coroutine" target="_blank">check the official Python docs</a>
+But if you want to use `async` / `await` without FastAPI, <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#coroutine" target="_blank">check the official Python docs</a>.


 ### Other forms of asynchronous code
@@ -362,3 +362,39 @@ Let's see the same phrase from above:
 That should make more sense now.

 All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such an impressive performance.
+
+
+## Very Technical Details
+
+!!! warning
+    You can probably skip this.
+    
+    These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath.
+    
+    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
+
+### Path operation functions
+
+When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server).
+
+### Dependencies
+
+The same applies for dependencies. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
+
+### Sub-dependencies
+
+You can have multiple dependencies and sub-dependencies requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread instead of being "awaited".
+
+### Other utility functions
+
+Any other utility function that you call directly can be created with normal `def` or `async def` and FastAPI won't affect the way you call it.
+
+This is in contrast to the functions that FastAPI calls for you: *path operation functions* and dependencies.
+
+If your utility function is a normal function with `def`, it will be called directly (as you write it in your code), not in a threadpool, if the function is created with `async def` then you should await for that function when you call it in your code.
+
+---
+
+Again, these are very technical details that would probably be useful if you came searching for them.
+
+Otherwise, you should be good with the guidelines from the section above: <a href="#in-a-hurry">In a hurry?</a>.
--- a/docs/benchmarks.md
+++ b/docs/benchmarks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should have the following in mind.
+
+## Benchmarks and speed
+
+When you check the benchmarks, it is common to see several tools of different types compared as equivalent.
+
+Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).
+
+The simplest the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.
+
+The hierarchy is like:
+
+* **Uvicorn**: an ASGI server
+    * **Starlette**: (uses Uvicorn) a web microframework
+        * **FastAPI**: (uses Starlette) an API microframework with several additional features for building APIs, with data validation, etc.
+
+* **Uvicorn**:
+    * Will have the best performance, as it doesn't have much extra code apart from the server itself.
+    * You wouldn't write an application in Uvicorn directly. That would mean that your code would have to include more or less, at least, all the code provided by Starlette (or **FastAPI**). And if you did that, your final application would have the same overhead as having used a framework and minimizing your app code and bugs.
+    * If you are comparing Uvicorn, compare it against Daphne, Hypercorn, uWSGI, etc. Application servers.
+* **Starlette**:
+    * Will have the next best performance, after Uvicorn. In fact, Starlette uses Uvicorn to run. So, it probably can only get "slower" than Uvicorn by having to execute more code.
+    * But it provides you the tools to build simple web applications, with routing based on paths, etc.
+    * If you are comparing Starlette, compare it against Sanic, Flask, Django, etc. Web frameworks (or microframeworks).
+* **FastAPI**:
+    * The same way that Starlette uses Uvicorn and cannot be faster than it, **FastAPI** uses Starlette, so it cannot be faster than it.
+    * FastAPI provides more features on top of Starlette. Features that you almost always need when building APIs, like data validation and serialization. And by using it, you get automatic documentation for free (the automatic documentation doesn't even add overhead to running applications, it is generated on startup).
+    * If you didn't use FastAPI and used Starlette directly (or another tool, like Sanic, Flask, Responder, etc) you would have to implement all the data validation and serialization yourself. So, your final application would still have the same overhead as if it was built using FastAPI. And in many cases, this data validation and serialization is the biggest amount of code written in applications.
+    * So, by using FastAPI you are saving development time, bugs, lines of code, and you would probably get the same performance (or better) you would if you didn't use it (as you would have to implement it all in your code).
+    * If you are comparing FastAPI, compare it against a web application framework (or set of tools) that provides data validation, serialization and documentation, like Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten, etc. Frameworks with integrated automatic data validation, serialization and documentation.
--- a/docs/contributing.md
+++ b/docs/contributing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+First, you might want to see the basic ways to <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/" target="_blank">help FastAPI and get help</a>.
+
+## Developing
+
+If you already cloned the repository and you know that you need to deep dive in the code, here are some guidelines to set up your environment.
+
+
+### Pipenv
+
+If you are using <a href="https://pipenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">Pipenv</a>, you can create a virtual environment and install the packages with:
+
+```bash
+pipenv install --dev
+```
+
+Then you can activate that virtual environment with:
+
+```bash
+pipenv shell
+```
+
+
+### No Pipenv
+
+If you are not using Pipenv, you can create a virtual environment with your preferred tool, and install the packages listed in the file `Pipfile`.
+
+
+### Flit
+
+**FastAPI** uses <a href="https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank">Flit</a> to build, package and publish the project.
+
+If you installed the development dependencies with one of the methods above, you already have the `flit` command.
+
+To install your local version of FastAPI as a package in your local environment, run:
+
+```bash
+flit install --symlink
+```
+
+It will install your local FastAPI in your local environment.
+
+
+#### Using your local FastAPI
+
+If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code.
+
+And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `--symlink`, when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.
+
+That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.
+
+
+### Format
+
+There is a script that you can run that will format and clean all your code:
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/lint.sh
+```
+
+It will also auto-sort all your imports.
+
+For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above:
+
+```bash
+flit install --symlink
+```
+
+
+### Docs
+
+The documentation uses <a href="https://www.mkdocs.org/" target="_blank">MkDocs</a>.
+
+All the documentation is in Markdown format in the directory `./docs`.
+
+Many of the tutorials have blocks of code.
+
+In most of the cases, these blocks of code are actual complete applications that can be run as is.
+
+In fact, those blocks of code are not written inside the Markdown, they are Python files in the `./docs/src/` directory.
+
+And those Python files are included/injected in the documentation when generating the site.
+
+
+#### Docs for tests
+
+Most of the tests actually run against the example source files in the documentation.
+
+This helps making sure that:
+
+* The documentation is up to date.
+* The documentation examples can be run as is.
+* Most of the features are covered by the documentation, ensured by the coverage tests.
+
+During local development, there is a script that builds the site and checks for any changes, live-reloading:
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/docs-live.sh
+```
+
+It will serve the documentation on `http://0.0.0.0:8008`.
+
+That way, you can edit the documentation/source files and see the changes live.
+
+#### Apps and docs at the same time
+
+And if you run the examples with, e.g.:
+
+```bash
+uvicorn tutorial001:app --debug
+```
+
+as Uvicorn by default will use the port `8000`, the documentation on port `8008` won't clash.
+
+
+### Tests
+
+There is a script that you can run locally to test all the code and generate coverage reports in HTML:
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh
+```
+
+This command generates a directory `./htmlcov/`, if you open the file `./htmlcov/index.html` in your browser, you can explore interactively the regions of code that are covered by the tests, and notice if there is any region missing.
--- a/docs/deployment.md
+++ b/docs/deployment.md
@@ -1 +1,231 @@
-Coming soon...
+It is recommended to use <a href="https://www.docker.com/" target="_blank">**Docker**</a> for security, replicability, development simplicity, etc.
+
+In this section you'll see instructions and links to guides to know how to:
+
+* Make your **FastAPI** application a Docker image/container with maximum performance. In about **5 min**.
+* (Optionally) understand what you, as a developer, need to know about HTTPS.
+* Set up a Docker Swarm mode cluster with automatic HTTPS, even on a simple $5 USD/month server. In about **20 min**.
+* Generate and deploy a full **FastAPI** application, using your Docker Swarm cluster, with HTTPS, etc. In about **10 min**.
+
+---
+
+You can also easily use **FastAPI** in a standard server directly too (without Docker).
+
+
+## Docker
+
+If you are using Docker, you can use the official Docker image:
+
+### <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>
+
+This image has an "auto-tuning" mechanism included, so that you can just add your code and get very high performance automatically. And without making sacrifices.
+
+But you can still change and update all the configurations with environment variables or configuration files.
+
+!!! tip
+    To see all the configurations and options, go to the Docker image page: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.
+
+
+### Build your Image
+
+* Go to your project directory.
+* Create a `Dockerfile` with:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
+
+COPY ./app /app
+```
+
+* Create an `app` directory and enter in it.
+* Create a `main.py` file with:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+* You should now have a directory structure like:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   └── main.py
+└── Dockerfile
+```
+
+* Go to the project directory (in where your `Dockerfile` is, containing your `app` directory).
+* Build your FastAPI image:
+
+```bash
+docker build -t myimage .
+```
+
+* Run a container based on your image:
+
+```bash
+docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage
+```
+
+Now you have an optimized FastAPI server in a Docker container. Auto-tuned for your current server (and number of CPU cores).
+
+
+#### Bigger Applications
+
+If you followed the section about creating <a href="" target="_blank">Bigger Applications with Multiple Files
+</a>, your `Dockerfile` might instead look like:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
+
+COPY ./app /app/app
+```
+
+
+### Check it
+
+You should be able to check it in your Docker container's URL, for example: <a href="http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
+
+You will see something like:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+
+### Interactive API docs
+
+Now you can go to <a href="http://192.168.99.100/docs" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/docs</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/docs" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/docs</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
+
+You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+
+### Alternative API docs
+
+And you can also go to <a href="http://192.168.99.100/redoc" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/redoc</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/redoc" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/redoc</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
+
+You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+
+## HTTPS
+
+### About HTTPS
+
+It is easy to assume that HTTPS is something that is just "enabled" or not.
+
+But it is way more complex than that.
+
+!!! tip
+    If you are in a hurry or don't care, continue with the next section for step by step instructions to set everything up.
+
+To learn the basics of HTTPS, from a consumer perspective, check <a href="https://howhttps.works/" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.
+
+Now, from a developer's perspective, here are several things to have in mind while thinking about HTTPS:
+
+* For HTTPS, the server needs to have "certificates" generated by a third party.
+    * Those certificates are actually acquired from the third-party, not "generated".
+* Certificates have a lifetime.
+    * They expire.
+    * And then they need to be renewed, acquired again from the third party.
+* The encryption of the connection happens at the TCP level.
+    * That's one layer below HTTP.
+    * So, the certificate and encryption handling is done before HTTP.
+* TCP doesn't know about "domains". Only about IP addresses.
+    * The information about the specific domain requested goes in the HTTP data.
+* The HTTPS certificates "certificate" a certain domain, but the protocol and encryption happen at the TCP level, before knowing which domain is being dealt with.
+* By default, that would mean that you can only have one HTTPS certificate per IP address.
+    * No matter how big is your server and how small each application you have there might be. But...
+* There's an extension to the TLS protocol (the one handling the encryption at the TCP level, before HTTP) called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication" target="_blank"><abbr title="Server Name Indication">SNI</abbr></a>.
+    * This SNI extension allows one single server (with a single IP address) to have several HTTPS certificates and server multiple HTTPS domains/applications.
+    * For this to work, a single component (program) running in the server, listening in the public IP address, must have all the HTTPS certificates in the server.
+* After having a secure connection, the communication protocol is the same HTTP.
+    * It goes encrypted, but the encrypted contents are the same HTTP protocol.
+
+
+It is a common practice to have one program/HTTP server running in the server (the machine, host, etc) and managing all the HTTPS parts, sending the decrypted HTTP requests to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the HTTP response from the application, encrypt it using the appropriate certificate and sending it back to the client using HTTPS. This server is ofter called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>.
+
+
+### Let's Encrypt
+
+Up to some years ago, these HTTPS certificates were sold by trusted third-parties.
+
+The process to acquire one of these certificates used to be cumbersome, require quite some paperwork and the certificates were quite expensive.
+
+But then <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a> was created.
+
+It is a project from the Linux Foundation. It provides HTTPS certificates for free. In an automated way. These certificates use all the standard cryptographic security, and are short lived (about 3 months), so, the security is actually increased, by reducing their lifespan.
+
+The domain's are securely verified and the certificates are generated automatically. This also allows automatizing the renewal of these certificates.
+
+The idea is to automatize the acquisition and renewal of these certificates, so that you can have secure HTTPS, free, forever.
+
+
+### Traefik
+
+<a href="https://traefik.io/" target="_blank">Traefik</a> is a high performance reverse proxy / load balancer. It can do the "TLS Termination Proxy" job (apart from other features).
+
+It has integration with Let's Encrypt. So, it can handle all the HTTPS parts, including certificate acquisition and renewal.
+
+It also has integrations with Docker. So, you can declare your domains in each application configurations and have it read those configurations, generate the HTTPS certificates and serve HTTPS to your application, all automatically. Without requiring any change in its configuration.
+
+---
+
+With this information and tools, continue with the next section to combine everything.
+
+
+## Docker Swarm mode cluster with Traefik and HTTPS
+
+You can have a Docker Swarm mode cluster set up in minutes (about 20 min) with a main Traefik handling HTTPS (including certificate acquisition and renewal).
+
+By using Docker Swarm mode, you can start with a "cluster" of a single machine (it can even be a $5 USD / month server) and then you can grow as much as you need adding more servers.
+
+To set up a Docker Swarm Mode cluster with Traefik and HTTPS handling, follow this guide:
+
+### <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo/docker-swarm-mode-and-traefik-for-a-https-cluster-20328dba6232" target="_blank">Docker Swarm Mode and Traefik for an HTTPS cluster</a>.
+
+
+### Deploy a FastAPI application
+
+The easiest way to set everything up, would be using the <a href="/project-generation/" target="_blank">FastAPI project generator</a>.
+
+It is designed to be integrated with this Docker Swarm cluster with Traefik and HTTPS described above.
+
+You can generate a project in about 2 min.
+
+The generated project has instructions to deploy it, doing it takes other 2 min.
+
+
+## Alternatively, deploy **FastAPI** without Docker
+
+You can deploy **FastAPI** directly without Docker too.
+
+You just need to install <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> (or any other ASGI server).
+
+And run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--debug` option, e.g.:
+
+```bash
+uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
+```
+
+You might want to set up some tooling to make sure it is restarted automatically if it stops.
+
+You might also want to install <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" target="_blank">Gunicorn</a> and <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/#running-with-gunicorn" target="_blank">use it as a manager for Uvicorn</a>.
+
+Making sure to fine-tune the number of workers, etc.
+
+But if you are doing all that, you might just use the Docker image that does it automatically.
--- a/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/features.md
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data)

 ### Editor support

-All the framework was designed to be easy and intuitive to use, all the decisons where tested on multiple editors even before starting development, to ensure the best development experience.
+All the framework was designed to be easy and intuitive to use, all the decisions where tested on multiple editors even before starting development, to ensure the best development experience.

 In the last Python developer survey it was clear <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2017/#tools-and-features" target="_blank">that the most used feature is "autocompletion"</a>. 

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Here's how your editor might help you:

 ![editor support](img/pycharm-completion.png)

-You will get completion in code you might even consider imposible before. As for example, the `price` key inside a JSON body (that could have been nested) that comes from a request.
+You will get completion in code you might even consider impossible before. As for example, the `price` key inside a JSON body (that could have been nested) that comes from a request.

 No more typing the wrong key names, coming back and forth between docs, or scrolling up and down to find if you finally used `username` or `user_name`.

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Any integration is designed to be so simple to use (with dependencies) that you

 ### Tested

-* 100% <abbr title="The amount of code that is automatically tested">test coverage</abbr> (* not yet, in a couple days).
+* 100% <abbr title="The amount of code that is automatically tested">test coverage</abbr>.
 * 100% <abbr title="Python type annotations, with this your editor and external tools can give you better support">type annotated</abbr> code base.
 * Used in production applications.

@@ -201,4 +201,4 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on
    * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated.
 * **Extendible**:
    * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator.
-* 100% test coverage.
+* 100% test coverage.
--- a/docs/help-fastapi.md
+++ b/docs/help-fastapi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+Are you liking **FastAPI**?
+
+Would you like to help FastAPI, other users, and the author?
+
+Or would you like to get help with **FastAPI**?
+
+There are very simple ways to help (several involve just one or two clicks).
+
+And there are several ways to get help too.
+
+
+## Star **FastAPI** in GitHub
+
+You can "star" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the star button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+By adding a star, other users will be able to find it more easily and see that it has been already useful for others.
+
+
+## Watch the GitHub repository for releases
+
+You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+There you can select "Releases only".
+
+Doing it, you will receive notifications (in your email) whenever there's a new release (a new version) of **FastAPI** with bug fixes and new features.
+
+
+## Connect with the author
+
+You can connect with me (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`), the author.
+
+You can:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" target="_blank">Follow me on **GitHub**</a>.
+    * See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you.
+    * Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project.
+* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a>.
+    * Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that).
+    * Ask questions.
+* <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/" target="_blank">Connect with me on **Linkedin**</a>.
+    * Talk to me.
+    * Endorse me or recommend me :)
+* <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo" target="_blank">Read what I write (or follow me) on **Medium**</a>.
+    * Read other ideas, articles and tools I have created.
+    * Follow me to see when I publish something new.
+
+
+## Tweet about **FastAPI**
+
+<a href="http://twitter.com/home/?status=I'm loving FastAPI because... https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi cc @tiangolo" target="_blank">Tweet about **FastAPI**</a> and let me and others why you like it.
+
+## Let me know how are you using **FastAPI**
+
+I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what have you liked in it, in which project/company are you using it, etc.
+
+You can let me know:
+
+* <a href="http://twitter.com/home/?status=Hey @tiangolo, I'm using FastAPI at..." target="_blank">On **Twitter**</a>.
+* <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/" target="_blank">On **Linkedin**</a>.
+* <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo" target="_blank">On **Medium**</a>.
+
+## Vote for FastAPI
+
+You can vote to include FastAPI in several "awesome lists":
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python/pull/1209" target="_blank">Vote to include **FastAPI** in `awesome-python`</a>.
+* <a href="https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio/pull/43" target="_blank">Vote to include **FastAPI** in `awesome-asyncio`</a>.
+
+## Help others with issues in GitHub
+
+You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others.
+
+## Watch the GitHub repository
+
+You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only", you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue.
+
+Then you can try and help them solving those issues.
+
+## Create issues
+
+You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" target="_blank">create a new issue</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
+
+* Report a bug/issue.
+* Suggest a new feature.
+* Ask a question.
+
+## Create a Pull Request
+
+You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">create a Pull Request</a>, for example:
+
+* To fix a typo you found on the documentation.
+* To propose new documentation sections.
+* To fix an existing issue/bug.
+* To add a new feature.
+
+---
+
+Thanks!
--- a/docs/history-design-future.md
+++ b/docs/history-design-future.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Some time ago, <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/3#issuecomment-454956920" target="_blank">a **FastAPI** user asked</a>:
+
+> What’s the history of this project? It seems to have come from nowhere to awesome in a few weeks [...]
+
+Here's a little bit of that history.
+
+
+## Alternatives
+
+I have been creating APIs with complex requirements for several years (Machine Learning, distributed systems, asynchronous jobs, NoSQL databases, etc), leading several teams of developers.
+
+As part of that, I needed to investigate, test and use many alternatives.
+
+The history of **FastAPI** is in great part the history of its predecessors.
+
+As said in the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/alternatives/" target="_blank">Alternatives</a>:
+
+<blockquote markdown="1">
+
+**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.
+
+There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.
+
+I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.
+
+But at some point, there was no other option than creating something that provided all these features, taking the best ideas from previous tools, and combining them in the best way possible, using language features that weren't even available before (Python 3.6+ type hints).
+
+</blockquote>
+
+
+## Investigation
+
+By using all the previous alternatives I had the chance to learn from all of them, take ideas, and combine them in the best way I could find for myself and the teams of developers I have worked with.
+
+For example, it was clear that ideally it should be based on standard Python type hints.
+
+Also, the best approach was to use already existing standards.
+
+So, before even starting to code **FastAPI**, I spent several months studying the specs for OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Understanding their relationship, overlap, and differences.
+
+
+## Design
+
+Then I spent some time designing the developer "API" I wanted to have as a user (as a developer using FastAPI).
+
+I tested several ideas in the most popular Python editors: PyCharm, VS Code, Jedi based editors.
+
+By the last <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2018/#development-tools" target="_blank">Python Developer Survey</a>, that covers about 80% of the users.
+
+It means that **FastAPI** was specifically tested with the editors used by 80% of the Python developers. And as most of the other editors tend to work similarly, all its benefits should work for virtually all editors.
+
+That way I could find the best ways to reduce code duplication as much as possible, to have completion everywhere, type and error checks, etc.
+
+All in a way that provided the best development experience for all the developers.
+
+
+## Requirements
+
+After testing several alternatives, I decided that I was going to use <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a> for its advantages.
+
+Then I contributed to it, to make it fully compliant with JSON Schema, to support different ways to define constraint declarations, and to improve editor support (type checks, autocompletion) based on the tests in several editors.
+
+During the development, I also contributed to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" target="_blank">**Starlette**</a>, the other key requirement.
+
+
+## Development
+
+By the time I started creating **FastAPI** itself, most of the pieces were already in place, the design was defined, the requirements and tools were ready, and the knowledge about the standards and specifications was clear and fresh.
+
+
+## Future
+
+By this point, it's already clear that **FastAPI** with its ideas is being useful for many people.
+
+It is being chosen over previous alternatives for suiting many use cases better.
+
+Many developers and teams already depend on **FastAPI** for their projects (including me and my team).
+
+But still, there are many improvements and features to come.
+
+**FastAPI** has a great future ahead.
+
+And <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/" target="_blank">your help</a> is greatly appreciated.
--- a/docs/img/icon-transparent-bg.png
+++ b/docs/img/icon-transparent-bg.png
--- a/docs/img/icon-white-bg.png
+++ b/docs/img/icon-white-bg.png
--- a/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png
+++ b/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png
--- a/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-white-bg.png
+++ b/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-white-bg.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/body-schema/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/body-schema/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/graphql/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/graphql/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image03.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image03.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image04.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image04.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image05.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image05.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image06.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image06.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image07.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image07.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image08.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image08.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image09.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image09.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image10.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image10.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/sql-databases/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/sql-databases/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/sql-databases/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/sql-databases/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image03.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image03.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image04.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image04.png
--- a/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/index.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal-vector.svg" alt='FastAPI'></a>
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
 </p>
 <p align="center">
    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@

 ---

-FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+.
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints.

 The key features are:

-* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic).
+* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).

 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300% *.
 * **Less bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ The key features are:
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
 * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Less bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
-* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.

 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https

 ## Example upgrade

-Now modify the file `main.py` to recive a body from a `PUT` request.
+Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.

 Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ item: Item
 * Validation of data:
    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
-* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network, to Python data and types. Reading from:
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
    * JSON.
    * Path parameters.
    * Query parameters.
@@ -291,8 +291,8 @@ Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
    * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
    * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
 * Convert from and to JSON automatically.
-* Document everything as an OpenAPI schema, that can be used by:
-    * Interactive documentation sytems.
+* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
+    * Interactive documentation systems.
    * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
 * Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.

@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@ Try changing the line with:

 ...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:

-![editor support](img/vscode-completion.png)
 ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)


@@ -330,7 +329,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 **Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:

 * Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
-* How to set **validation constrains** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
+* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
 * A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
 * Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
 * More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
@@ -343,6 +342,11 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
    * ...and more.


+## Performance
+
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.

 ## Optional Dependencies

@@ -367,7 +371,7 @@ Used by FastAPI / Starlette:

 * <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.

-You can install all of these with `pip3 install fastapi[full]`.
+You can install all of these with `pip3 install fastapi[all]`.

 ## License

--- a/docs/project-generation.md
+++ b/docs/project-generation.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+There is a project generator that you can use to get started, with a lot of the initial set up, security, database and first API endpoints already done for you.
+
+
+## Full-Stack-FastAPI-PostgreSQL
+
+GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql</a>
+
+### Features
+
+* Full **Docker** integration (Docker based).
+* Docker Swarm Mode deployment.
+* **Docker Compose** integration and optimization for local development
+* **Production ready** Python web server using Uvicorn and Gunicorn.
+* Python **[FastAPI](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi)** backend:
+    * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic).
+    * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+    * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+    * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration.
+    * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+    * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+    * [**Many other features**](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi) including automatic validation, serialization, interactive documentation, authentication with OAuth2 JWT tokens, etc.
+* **Secure password** hashing by default.
+* **JWT token** authentication.
+* **SQLAlchemy** models (independent of Flask extensions, so they can be used with Celery workers directly).
+* Basic starting models for users (modify and remove as you need).
+* **Alembic** migrations.
+* **CORS** (Cross Origin Resource Sharing).
+* **Celery** worker that can import and use models and code from the rest of the backend selectively (you don't have to install the complete app in each worker).
+* REST backend tests based on **Pytest**, integrated with Docker, so you can test the full API interaction, independent on the database. As it runs in Docker, it can build a new data store from scratch each time (so you can use ElasticSearch, MongoDB, CouchDB, or whatever you want, and just test that the API works).
+* Easy Python integration with **Jupyter Kernels** for remote or in-Docker development with extensions like Atom Hydrogen or Visual Studio Code Jupyter.
+* **Vue** frontend:
+    * Generated with Vue CLI.
+    * **JWT Authentication** handling.
+    * Login view.
+    * After login, main dashboard view.
+    * Main dashboard with user creation and edition.
+    * Self user edition.
+    * **Vuex**.
+    * **Vue-router**.
+    * **Vuetify** for beautiful material design components.
+    * **TypeScript**.
+    * Docker server based on **Nginx** (configured to play nicely with Vue-router).
+    * Docker multi-stage building, so you don't need to save or commit compiled code.
+    * Frontend tests ran at build time (can be disabled too).
+    * Made as modular as possible, so it works out of the box, but you can re-generate with Vue CLI or create it as you need, and re-use what you want.
+* **PGAdmin** for PostgreSQL database, you can modify it to use PHPMyAdmin and MySQL easily.
+* **Flower** for Celery jobs monitoring.
+* Load balancing between frontend and backend with **Traefik**, so you can have both under the same domain, separated by path, but served by different containers.
+* Traefik integration, including Let's Encrypt **HTTPS** certificates automatic generation.
+* GitLab **CI** (continuous integration), including frontend and backend testing.
+
+
+
+## Full-Stack-FastAPI-Couchbase
+
+GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase</a>
+
+### Features
+
+* Full **Docker** integration (Docker based).
+* Docker Swarm Mode deployment.
+* **Docker Compose** integration and optimization for local development.
+* **Production ready** Python web server using Uvicorn and Gunicorn.
+* Python **[FastAPI](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi)** backend:
+    * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic).
+    * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+    * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+    * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration.
+    * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+    * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+    * [**Many other features**](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi) including automatic validation, serialization, interactive documentation, authentication with OAuth2 JWT tokens, etc.
+* **Secure password** hashing by default.
+* **JWT token** authentication.
+* **CORS** (Cross Origin Resource Sharing).
+* **Celery** worker that can import and use code from the rest of the backend selectively (you don't have to install the complete app in each worker).
+* **NoSQL Couchbase** database that supports direct synchronization via Couchbase Sync Gateway for offline-first applications.
+* **Full Text Search** integrated, using Couchbase.
+* REST backend tests based on Pytest, integrated with Docker, so you can test the full API interaction, independent on the database. As it runs in Docker, it can build a new data store from scratch each time (so you can use ElasticSearch, MongoDB, or whatever you want, and just test that the API works).
+* Easy Python integration with **Jupyter** Kernels for remote or in-Docker development with extensions like Atom Hydrogen or Visual Studio Code Jupyter.
+* **Email notifications** for account creation and password recovery, compatible with:
+    * Mailgun
+    * SparkPost
+    * SendGrid
+    * ...any other provider that can generate standard SMTP credentials.
+* **Vue** frontend:
+    * Generated with Vue CLI.
+    * **JWT Authentication** handling.
+    * Login view.
+    * After login, main dashboard view.
+    * Main dashboard with user creation and edition.
+    * Self user edition.
+    * **Vuex**.
+    * **Vue-router**.
+    * **Vuetify** for beautiful material design components.
+    * **TypeScript**.
+    * Docker server based on **Nginx** (configured to play nicely with Vue-router).
+    * Docker multi-stage building, so you don't need to save or commit compiled code.
+    * Frontend tests ran at build time (can be disabled too).
+    * Made as modular as possible, so it works out of the box, but you can re-generate with Vue CLI or create it as you need, and re-use what you want.
+* **Flower** for Celery jobs monitoring.
+* Load balancing between frontend and backend with **Traefik**, so you can have both under the same domain, separated by path, but served by different containers.
+* Traefik integration, including Let's Encrypt **HTTPS** certificates automatic generation.
+* GitLab **CI** (continuous integration), including frontend and backend testing.
--- a/docs/python-types.md
+++ b/docs/python-types.md
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ But then you have to call "that method that converts the first letter to upper c

 Was it `upper`? Was it `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`?

-Then, you try with the old programer's friend, editor autocompletion.
+Then, you try with the old programmer's friend, editor autocompletion.

 You type the first parameter of the function, `first_name`, then a dot (`.`) and then hit `Ctrl+Space` to trigger the completion.

--- a/docs/release-notes.md
+++ b/docs/release-notes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+## Next
+
+## 0.6.4
+
+* Add <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#very-technical-details" target="_blank">technical details about `async def` handling to docs</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/61" target="_blank">#61</a>.
+
+* Add docs for <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/debugging/" target="_blank">Debugging FastAPI applications in editors</a>.
+
+* Clarify <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#bigger-applications" target="_blank">Bigger Applications deployed with Docker</a>.
+
+* Fix typos in docs.
+
+* Add section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/history-design-future/" target="_blank">History, Design and Future</a>.
+
+* Add docs for using <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/websockets/" target="_blank">WebSockets with **FastAPI**</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/62" target="_blank">#62</a>.
+
+## 0.6.3
+
+* Add Favicons to docs. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/53" target="_blank">#53</a>.
+
+## 0.6.2
+
+* Introduce new project generator based on FastAPI and PostgreSQL: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52" target="_blank">#52</a>.
+
+* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">SQL tutorial with SQLAlchemy, using `Depends` to improve editor support and reduce code repetition</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52" target="_blank">#52</a>.
+
+* Improve middleware naming in tutorial for SQL with SQLAlchemy <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/</a>.
+
+## 0.6.1
+
+* Add docs for GraphQL: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/48" target="_blank">#48</a>.
+
+## 0.6.0
+
+* Update SQL with SQLAlchemy tutorial at <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/</a> using the new official `request.state`. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/45" target="_blank">#45</a>.
+
+* Upgrade Starlette to version `0.11.1` and add required compatibility changes. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/44" target="_blank">#44</a>.
+
+## 0.5.1
+
+* Add section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/" target="_blank">helping and getting help with **FastAPI**</a>.
+
+* Add note about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#order-matters" target="_blank">path operations order in docs</a>.
+
+* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/" target="_blank">section about error handling</a> with more information and make relation with Starlette error handling utilities more explicit. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/41" target="_blank">#41</a>.
+
+* Add <a href="" target="_blank">Development - Contributing section to the docs</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/42" target="_blank">#42</a>.
+
+## 0.5.0
+
+* Add new `HTTPException` with support for custom headers. With new documentation for handling errors at: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/35" target="_blank">#35</a>.
+
+* Add <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/using-request-directly/" target="_blank">documentation to use Starlette `Request` object</a> directly. Check <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/25" target="_blank">#25</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+
+* Add issue templates to simplify reporting bugs, getting help, etc: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/34" target="_blank">#34</a>.
+
+* Update example for the SQLAlchemy tutorial at <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/</a> using middleware and database session attached to request.
+
+## 0.4.0
+
+* Add `openapi_prefix`, support for reverse proxy and mounting sub-applications. See the docs at <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/</a>: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank">#26</a> by <a href="https://github.com/kabirkhan" target="_blank">@kabirkhan</a>.
+
+* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">docs/tutorial for SQLAlchemy</a> including note about *DB Browser for SQLite*.
+
+## 0.3.0
+
+* Fix/add SQLAlchemy support, including ORM, and update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">docs for SQLAlchemy</a>: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/30" target="_blank">#30</a>.
+
+## 0.2.1
+
+* Fix `jsonable_encoder` for Pydantic models with `Config` but without `json_encoders`: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/29" target="_blank">#29</a>.
+
+## 0.2.0
+
+* Fix typos in Security section: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/24" target="_blank">#24</a> by <a href="https://github.com/kkinder" target="_blank">@kkinder</a>.
+
+* Add support for Pydantic custom JSON encoders: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/21" target="_blank">#21</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+
+## 0.1.19
+
+* Upgrade Starlette version to the current latest `0.10.1`: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/17" target="_blank">#17</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
--- a/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial001.py
--- a/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial002.py
--- a/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial003.py
--- a/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/tutorial003.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI

-from .routers.tutorial001 import router as users_router
-from .routers.tutorial002 import router as items_router
+from .routers.items import router as items_router
+from .routers.users import router as users_router

 app = FastAPI()

--- a/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/routers/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/routers/tutorial002.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter
 router = APIRouter()


-@router.get("/")
+@router.get("/", tags=["items"])
 async def read_items():
    return [{"name": "Item Foo"}, {"name": "item Bar"}]


-@router.get("/{item_id}")
+@router.get("/{item_id}", tags=["items"])
 async def read_item(item_id: str):
    return {"name": "Fake Specific Item", "item_id": item_id}
--- a/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/routers/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/routers/tutorial001.py
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter
 router = APIRouter()


-@router.get("/users/")
+@router.get("/users/", tags=["users"])
 async def read_users():
    return [{"username": "Foo"}, {"username": "Bar"}]


-@router.get("/users/me")
+@router.get("/users/me", tags=["users"])
 async def read_user_me():
    return {"username": "fakecurrentuser"}


-@router.get("/users/{username}")
+@router.get("/users/{username}", tags=["users"])
 async def read_user(username: str):
    return {"username": username}
--- a/docs/src/debugging/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/debugging/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import uvicorn
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def root():
+    a = "a"
+    b = "b" + a
+    return {"hello world": b}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
--- a/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial001.py
@@ -10,3 +10,8 @@ async def common_parameters(q: str = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
@app.get("/items/")
 async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
    return commons
+
+
+@app.get("/users/")
+async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
+    return commons
--- a/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial002.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel

 app = FastAPI()

@@ -7,21 +6,18 @@ app = FastAPI()
 fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


-class CommonQueryParams(BaseModel):
-    q: str = None
-    skip: int = None
-    limit: int = None
-
-
-async def common_parameters(q: str = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
-    return CommonQueryParams(q=q, skip=skip, limit=limit)
+class CommonQueryParams:
+    def __init__(self, q: str = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+        self.q = q
+        self.skip = skip
+        self.limit = limit


@app.get("/items/")
-async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(common_parameters)):
+async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)):
    response = {}
    if commons.q:
        response.update({"q": commons.q})
-    items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.limit]
+    items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit]
    response.update({"items": items})
    return response
--- a/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial003.py
@@ -1,34 +1,23 @@
-from typing import List
-
-from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

 app = FastAPI()


-class InterestsTracker(BaseModel):
-    track_code: str
-    interests: List[str]
+fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


-fake_tracked_users_db = {
-    "Foo": {"track_code": "Foo", "interests": ["sports", "movies"]},
-    "Bar": {"track_code": "Bar", "interests": ["food", "shows"]},
-    "Baz": {"track_code": "Baz", "interests": ["gaming", "virtual reality"]},
-}
+class CommonQueryParams:
+    def __init__(self, q: str = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+        self.q = q
+        self.skip = skip
+        self.limit = limit


-async def get_tracked_interests(track_code: str = Cookie(None)):
-    if track_code in fake_tracked_users_db:
-        track_dict = fake_tracked_users_db[track_code]
-        track = InterestsTracker(**track_dict)
-        return track
-    return None
-
-
-@app.get("/interests/")
-async def read_interests(
-    tracked_interests: InterestsTracker = Depends(get_tracked_interests)
-):
-    response = {"interests": tracked_interests.interests}
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(commons=Depends(CommonQueryParams)):
+    response = {}
+    if commons.q:
+        response.update({"q": commons.q})
+    items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit]
+    response.update({"items": items})
    return response
--- a/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial004.py
@@ -1,49 +1,23 @@
-from random import choice
-from typing import List
-
-from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI

 app = FastAPI()


-class InterestsTracker(BaseModel):
-    track_code: str
-    interests: List[str]
+fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}]


-fake_tracked_users_db = {
-    "Foo": {"track_code": "Foo", "interests": ["sports", "movies"]},
-    "Bar": {"track_code": "Bar", "interests": ["food", "shows"]},
-    "Baz": {"track_code": "Baz", "interests": ["gaming", "virtual reality"]},
-}
+class CommonQueryParams:
+    def __init__(self, q: str = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
+        self.q = q
+        self.skip = skip
+        self.limit = limit


-async def get_tracked_interests(track_code: str = Cookie(None)):
-    if track_code in fake_tracked_users_db:
-        track_dict = fake_tracked_users_db[track_code]
-        track = InterestsTracker(**track_dict)
-        return track
-    return None
-
-
-class ComplexTracker:
-    def __init__(self, tracker: InterestsTracker = Depends(get_tracked_interests)):
-        self.tracker = tracker
-
-    def random_interest(self):
-        """
-        Get a random interest from the tracked ones for the current user.
-        If the user doesn't have tracked interests, return a random one from the ones available.
-        """
-        if self.tracker.interests:
-            return choice(self.tracker.interests)
-        return choice(
-            ["sports", "movies", "food", "shows", "gaming", "virtual reality"]
-        )
-
-
-@app.get("/suggested-category")
-async def read_suggested_category(tracker: ComplexTracker = Depends(None)):
-    response = {"category": tracker.random_interest()}
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()):
+    response = {}
+    if commons.q:
+        response.update({"q": commons.q})
+    items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit]
+    response.update({"items": items})
    return response
--- a/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial005.py
+++ b/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial005.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def query_extractor(q: str = None):
+    return q
+
+
+def query_or_cookie_extractor(
+    q: str = Depends(query_extractor), last_query: str = Cookie(None)
+):
+    if not q:
+        return last_query
+    return q
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_query(query_or_default: str = Depends(query_or_cookie_extractor)):
+    return {"q_or_cookie": query_or_default}
--- a/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial006.py
+++ b/docs/src/dependencies/tutorial006.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class FixedContentQueryChecker:
+    def __init__(self, fixed_content: str):
+        self.fixed_content = fixed_content
+
+    def __call__(self, q: str = ""):
+        if q:
+            return self.fixed_content in q
+        return False
+
+
+checker = FixedContentQueryChecker("bar")
+
+
+@app.get("/query-checker/")
+async def read_query_check(fixed_content_included: bool = Depends(checker)):
+    return {"fixed_content_in_query": fixed_content_included}
--- a/docs/src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_items(
+    item_id: UUID,
+    start_datetime: datetime = Body(None),
+    end_datetime: datetime = Body(None),
+    repeat_at: time = Body(None),
+    process_after: timedelta = Body(None),
+):
+    start_process = start_datetime + process_after
+    duration = end_datetime - start_process
+    return {
+        "item_id": item_id,
+        "start_datetime": start_datetime,
+        "end_datetime": end_datetime,
+        "repeat_at": repeat_at,
+        "process_after": process_after,
+        "start_process": start_process,
+        "duration": duration,
+    }
--- a/docs/src/graphql/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/graphql/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graphene
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.graphql import GraphQLApp
+
+
+class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+    hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger"))
+
+    def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
+        return "Hello " + name
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+app.add_route("/", GraphQLApp(schema=graphene.Schema(query=Query)))
--- a/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def create_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id not in items:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+    return {"item": items[item_id]}
--- a/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items-header/{item_id}")
+async def create_item_header(item_id: str):
+    if item_id not in items:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=404,
+            detail="Item not found",
+            headers={"X-Error": "There goes my error"},
+        )
+    return {"item": items[item_id]}
--- a/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.exception_handler(HTTPException)
+async def http_exception(request, exc):
+    return PlainTextResponse(str(exc.detail), status_code=exc.status_code)
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def root():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
--- a/docs/src/path_params/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/path_params/tutorial003.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-from uuid import UUID
-
 from fastapi import FastAPI

 app = FastAPI()


-@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: UUID):
-    return {"item_id": item_id}
+@app.get("/users/me")
+async def read_user_me():
+    return {"user_id": "the current user"}
+
+
+@app.get("/users/{user_id}")
+async def read_user(user_id: str):
+    return {"user_id": user_id}
--- a/docs/src/query_params/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/query_params/tutorial001.py
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"

@app.get("/items/")
 async def read_item(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
-    return fake_items_db[skip:limit]
+    return fake_items_db[skip : skip + limit]
--- a/docs/src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", status_code=201)
+async def create_item(name: str):
+    return {"name": name}
--- a/docs/src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.status import HTTP_201_CREATED
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/items/", status_code=HTTP_201_CREATED)
+async def create_item(name: str):
+    return {"name": name}
--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial003.py
@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
-from typing import Optional
-
-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException

 fake_users_db = {
    "johndoe": {
        "username": "johndoe",
        "full_name": "John Doe",
        "email": "johndoe@example.com",
-        "password_hash": "fakehashedsecret",
-    }
+        "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret",
+        "disabled": False,
+    },
+    "alice": {
+        "username": "alice",
+        "full_name": "Alice Wonderson",
+        "email": "alice@example.com",
+        "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret2",
+        "disabled": True,
+    },
 }

 app = FastAPI()
@@ -26,9 +31,9 @@ oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/token")

 class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
-    email: Optional[str] = None
-    full_name: Optional[str] = None
-    disabled: Optional[bool] = None
+    email: str = None
+    full_name: str = None
+    disabled: bool = None


 class UserInDB(User):
@@ -51,26 +56,27 @@ def fake_decode_token(token):
 async def get_current_user(token: str = Security(oauth2_scheme)):
    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    if not user:
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=400, detail="Invalid authentication credentials"
+        )
    return user


 async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
-    if not current_user.disabled:
+    if current_user.disabled:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
    return current_user


@app.post("/token")
-async def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
-    data = form_data.parse()
-    user_dict = fake_users_db[data.username]
+async def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
+    user_dict = fake_users_db.get(form_data.username)
+    if not user_dict:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password")
    user = UserInDB(**user_dict)
-    if not user:
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect email or password")
-    hashed_password = fake_hash_password(data.password)
+    hashed_password = fake_hash_password(form_data.password)
    if not hashed_password == user.hashed_password:
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect email or password")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password")

    return {"access_token": user.username, "token_type": "bearer"}

--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial004.py
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from typing import Optional

 import jwt
-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
 from jwt import PyJWTError
 from passlib.context import CryptContext
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
 from starlette.status import HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN

 # to get a string like this run:
@@ -23,7 +21,8 @@ fake_users_db = {
        "username": "johndoe",
        "full_name": "John Doe",
        "email": "johndoe@example.com",
-        "password_hash": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
+        "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
+        "disabled": False,
    }
 }

@@ -39,9 +38,9 @@ class TokenPayload(BaseModel):

 class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
-    email: Optional[str] = None
-    full_name: Optional[str] = None
-    disabled: Optional[bool] = None
+    email: str = None
+    full_name: str = None
+    disabled: bool = None


 class UserInDB(User):
@@ -102,24 +101,21 @@ async def get_current_user(token: str = Security(oauth2_scheme)):


 async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
-    if not current_user.disabled:
+    if current_user.disabled:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
    return current_user


@app.post("/token", response_model=Token)
-async def route_login_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
-    data = form_data.parse()
-    user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, data.username, data.password)
+async def route_login_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
+    user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
    if not user:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect email or password")
    access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
-    return {
-        "access_token": create_access_token(
-            data={"username": data.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
-        ),
-        "token_type": "bearer",
-    }
+    access_token = create_access_token(
+        data={"username": form_data.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
+    )
+    return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"}


@app.get("/users/me", response_model=User)
--- a/docs/src/sql_databases/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/sql_databases/tutorial001.py
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-from fastapi import FastAPI
-
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
 from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, Integer, String, create_engine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base, declared_attr
-from sqlalchemy.orm import scoped_session, sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, sessionmaker
+from starlette.requests import Request

 # SQLAlchemy specific code, as with any other app
-SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"
+SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "sqlite:///./test.db"
+# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"

-engine = create_engine(SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI, convert_unicode=True)
-db_session = scoped_session(
-    sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)
+engine = create_engine(
+    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
 )
+SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)


 class CustomBase:
@@ -30,15 +31,42 @@ class User(Base):
    is_active = Column(Boolean(), default=True)


-def get_user(username, db_session):
-    return db_session.query(User).filter(User.id == username).first()
+Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
+
+db_session = SessionLocal()
+
+first_user = db_session.query(User).first()
+if not first_user:
+    u = User(email="johndoe@example.com", hashed_password="notreallyhashed")
+    db_session.add(u)
+    db_session.commit()
+
+db_session.close()
+
+
+# Utility
+def get_user(db_session: Session, user_id: int):
+    return db_session.query(User).filter(User.id == user_id).first()
+
+
+# Dependency
+def get_db(request: Request):
+    return request.state.db


 # FastAPI specific code
 app = FastAPI()


-@app.get("/users/{username}")
-def read_user(username: str):
-    user = get_user(username, db_session)
+@app.get("/users/{user_id}")
+def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
+    user = get_user(db, user_id=user_id)
    return user
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def db_session_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
+    request.state.db = SessionLocal()
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    request.state.db.close()
+    return response
--- a/docs/src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/app")
+def read_main():
+    return {"message": "Hello World from main app"}
+
+
+subapi = FastAPI(openapi_prefix="/subapi")
+
+
+@subapi.get("/sub")
+def read_sub():
+    return {"message": "Hello World from sub API"}
+
+
+app.mount("/subapi", subapi)
--- a/docs/src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_root(item_id: str, request: Request):
+    client_host = request.client.host
+    return {"client_host": client_host, "item_id": item_id}
--- a/docs/src/websockets/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/websockets/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+html = """
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <title>Chat</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <h1>WebSocket Chat</h1>
+        <form action="" onsubmit="sendMessage(event)">
+            <input type="text" id="messageText" autocomplete="off"/>
+            <button>Send</button>
+        </form>
+        <ul id='messages'>
+        </ul>
+        <script>
+            var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000/ws");
+            ws.onmessage = function(event) {
+                var messages = document.getElementById('messages')
+                var message = document.createElement('li')
+                var content = document.createTextNode(event.data)
+                message.appendChild(content)
+                messages.appendChild(message)
+            };
+            function sendMessage(event) {
+                var input = document.getElementById("messageText")
+                ws.send(input.value)
+                input.value = ''
+                event.preventDefault()
+            }
+        </script>
+    </body>
+</html>
+"""
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def get():
+    return HTMLResponse(html)
+
+
+@app.websocket_route("/ws")
+async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    while True:
+        data = await websocket.receive_text()
+        await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}")
+    await websocket.close()
--- a/docs/tutorial/application-configuration.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/application-configuration.md
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 Coming soon...

 ```Python
-{!./src/application-configuration/tutorial001.py!}
+{!./src/application_configuration/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

 ```Python
-{!./src/application-configuration/tutorial002.py!}
+{!./src/application_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
 ```

 ```Python
-{!./src/application-configuration/tutorial003.py!}
+{!./src/application_configuration/tutorial003.py!}
 ```
--- a/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md
@@ -1,13 +1,284 @@
-Coming soon...
+If you are building an application or a web API, it's rarely the case that you can put everything on a single file.

-```Python
-{!./src/bigger_applications/app/routers/tutorial001.py!}
+**FastAPI** provides a convenience tool to structure your application while keeping all the flexibility.
+
+
+## An example file structure
+
+Let's say you have a file structure like this:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   ├── main.py
+│   └── routers
+│       ├── __init__.py
+│       ├── items.py
+│       └── users.py
 ```

-```Python
-{!./src/bigger_applications/app/routers/tutorial002.py!}
+!!! tip
+    There are two `__init__.py` files: one in each directory or subdirectory.
+    
+    This is what allows importing code from one file into another.
+
+    For example, in `app/main.py` you could have a line like:
+    
+    ```
+    from app.routers import items
+    ```
+
+
+* The `app` directory contains everything.
+* This `app` directory has an empty file `app/__init__.py`.
+    * So, the `app` directory is a "Python package" (a collection of "Python modules").
+* The `app` directory also has a `app/main.py` file.
+    * As it is inside a Python package directory (because there's a file `__init__.py`), it is a "module" of that package: `app.main`.
+* There's a subdirectory `app/routers/`.
+* The subdirectory `app/routers` also has an empty file `__init__.py`.
+    * So, it is a "Python subpackage".
+* The file `app/routers/items.py` is beside the `app/routers/__init__.py`.
+    * So, it's a submodule: `app.routers.items`.
+* The file `app/routers/users.py` is beside the `app/routers/__init__.py`.
+    * So, it's a submodule: `app.routers.users`.
+
+
+## `APIRouter`
+
+Let's say the file dedicated to handling just users is the submodule at `/app/routers/users.py`.
+
+You want to have the *path operations* related to your users separated from the rest of the code, to keep it organized.
+
+But it's still part of the same **FastAPI** application/web API (it's part of the same "Python Package").
+
+You can create the *path operations* for that module using `APIRouter`.
+
+
+### Import `APIRouter`
+
+You import it and create an "instance" the same way you would with the class `FastAPI`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 3"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!}
 ```

-```Python
-{!./src/bigger_applications/app/tutorial003.py!}
+
+### Path operations with `APIRouter`
+
+And then you use it to declare your *path operations*.
+
+Use it the same way you would use the `FastAPI` class:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6 11 16"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!}
 ```
+
+You can think of `APIRouter` as a "mini `FastAPI`" class.
+
+All the same options are supported.
+
+All the same parameters, responses, dependencies, tags, etc.
+
+!!! tip
+    In this example, the variable is called `router`, but you can name it however you want.
+
+We are going to include this `APIrouter` in the main `FastAPI` app, but first, let's add another `APIRouter`.
+
+
+## Another module with `APIRouter`
+
+Let's say you also have the endpoints dedicated to handling "Items" from your application in the module at `app/routers/items.py`.
+
+You have path operations for:
+
+* `/items/`
+* `/items/{item_id}`
+
+It's all the same structure as with `app/routers/users.py`.
+
+But let's say that this time we are more lazy.
+
+And we don't want to have to explicitly type `/items/` in every path operation, we can do it later:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6 11 16"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!}
+```
+
+
+## The main `FastAPI`
+
+Now, let's see the module at `app/main.py`.
+
+Here's where you import and use the class `FastAPI`.
+
+This will be the main file in your application that ties everything together.
+
+### Import `FastAPI`
+
+You import and create a `FastAPI` class as normally:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 6"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
+```
+
+### Import the `APIRouter`
+
+But this time we are not adding path operations directly with the `FastAPI` `app`.
+
+We import the `APIRouter`s from the other files:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3 4"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
+```
+
+As the file `app/routers/items.py` is part of the same Python package, we can import it using "dot notation".
+
+
+### How the importing works
+
+The section:
+
+```Python
+from .routers.items import router
+```
+
+Means:
+
+* Starting in the same package that this module (the file `app/main.py`) lives in (the directory `app/`)...
+* look for the subpackage `routers` (the directory at `app/routers/`)...
+* and from it, the submodule `items` (the file at `app/routers/items.py`)...
+* and from that submodule, import the variable `router`.
+
+The variable `router` is the same one we created in the file `app/routers/items.py`. It's an `APIRouter`.
+
+We could also import it like:
+
+```Python
+from app.routers.items import router
+```
+
+!!! info
+    The first version is a "relative import".
+
+    The second version is an "absolute import".
+
+    To learn more about Python Packages and Modules, read <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html" target="_blank">the official Python documentation about Modules</a>.
+
+
+### Avoid name collisions
+
+We are importing a variable named `router` from the submodule `items`.
+
+But we also have another variable named `router` in the submodule `users`.
+
+If we import one after the other, like:
+
+```Python
+from .routers.items import router
+from .routers.users import router
+```
+
+The `router` from `users` will overwrite the one form `items` and we won't be able to use them at the same time.
+
+So, to be able to use both of them in the same file, we rename them while importing them using `as`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3 4"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
+```
+
+
+### Include an `APIRouter`
+
+Now, let's include the router from the submodule `users`, now in the variable `users_router`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="8"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
+```
+
+With `app.include_router()` we can add an `APIRouter` to the main `FastAPI` application.
+
+It will include all the routes from that router as part of it.
+
+!!! note "Technical Details"
+    It will actually internally create a path operation for each path operation that was declared in the `APIRouter`.
+
+    So, behind the scenes, it will actually work as if everything was the same single app.
+
+
+!!! check
+    You don't have to worry about performance when including routers.
+    
+    This will take microseconds and will only happen at startup.
+    
+    So it won't affect performance.
+
+
+### Include an `APIRouter` with a prefix
+
+Now, let's include the router form the `items` submodule, now in the variable `items_router`.
+
+But, remember that we were lazy and didn't add `/items/` to all the path operations?
+
+We can add a prefix to all the path operations using the parameter `prefix` of `app.include_router()`.
+
+As the path of each path operation has to start with `/`, like in:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+@router.get("/{item_id}", tags=["items"])
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    ...
+```
+
+...the prefix must not include a final `/`.
+
+So, the prefix in this case would be `/items`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9"
+{!./src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
+```
+
+The end result is that the item paths are now:
+
+* `/items/`
+* `/items/{item_id}`
+
+...as we intended.
+
+!!! check
+    The `prefix` parameter is (as in many other cases) just a feature from **FastAPI** to help you avoid code duplication.
+
+
+!!! tip
+    You could also add path operations directly, for example with: `@app.get(...)`.
+    
+    Apart from `app.include_router()`, in the same **FastAPI** app.
+    
+    It would still work the same.
+
+
+!!! info "Very Technical Details"
+    **Note**: this is a very technical detail that you probably can **just skip**.
+
+    ---
+
+    The `APIRouter`s are not "mounted", they are not isolated from the rest of the application.
+
+    This is because we want to include their path operations in the OpenAPI schema and the user interfaces.
+
+    As we cannot just isolate them and "mount" them independently of the rest, the path operations are "cloned" (re-created), not included directly.
+
+
+## Check the automatic API docs
+
+Now, run `uvicorn`, using the module `app.main` and the variable `app`:
+
+```bash
+uvicorn app.main:app --debug
+```
+
+And open the docs at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+You will see the automatic API docs, including the paths from all the submodules:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/image01.png">
--- a/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ But you can also declare multiple body parameters, e.g. `item` and `user`:
 {!./src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!}
 ```

-In this case, **FastAPI** will notice that there are more than one body parameter in the function (two parameters that are Pydantic models).
+In this case, **FastAPI** will notice that there are more than one body parameters in the function (two parameters that are Pydantic models).

 So, it will then use the parameter names as keys (field names) in the body, and expect a body like:

--- a/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Again, doing just that declaration, with **FastAPI** you get:

 Apart from normal singular types like `str`, `int`, `float`, etc. You can use more complex singular types that inherit from `str`.

-To see all the options you have, checkout the docs for <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#exotic-types" target="_blank">Pydantic's exotic types</a>.
+To see all the options you have, checkout the docs for <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#exotic-types" target="_blank">Pydantic's exotic types</a>. You will see some examples in the next chapter.

 For example, as in the `Image` model we have a `url` field, we can declare it to be instead of a `str`, a Pydantic's `UrlStr`:

--- a/docs/tutorial/body-schema.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/body-schema.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ First, you have to import it:
 ```

 !!! warning
-    Notice that `Schema` is imported directly from `pydantic`, not form `fastapi` as are all the rest (`Query`, `Path`, `Body`, etc).
+    Notice that `Schema` is imported directly from `pydantic`, not from `fastapi` as are all the rest (`Query`, `Path`, `Body`, etc).


 ## Declare model attributes
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ In `Schema`, `Path`, `Query`, `Body` and others you'll see later, you can declar

 Those parameters will be added as-is to the output JSON Schema.

-If you know JSON Schema and want to add extra information appart from what we have discussed here, you can pass that as extra keyword arguments.
+If you know JSON Schema and want to add extra information apart from what we have discussed here, you can pass that as extra keyword arguments.

 !!! warning
    Have in mind that extra parameters passed won't add any validation, only annotation, for documentation purposes.
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ For example, you can use that functionality to pass a <a href="http://json-schem
 {!./src/body_schema/tutorial002.py!}
 ```

+And it would look in the `/docs` like this:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/body-schema/image01.png">
+
 ## Recap

 You can use Pydantic's `Schema` to declare extra validations and metadata for model attributes.
--- a/docs/tutorial/body.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/body.md
@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
-To declare a request body, you use <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> models with all their power and benefits.
+When you need to send data from a client (let's say, a browser) to your API, you send it as a **request body**.
+
+A **request** body is data sent by the client to your API. A **response** body is the data your API sends to the client.
+
+Your API almost always has to send a **response** body. But clients don't necessarily need to send **request** bodies all the time.
+
+To declare a **request** body, you use <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> models with all their power and benefits.
+
+!!! info
+    You cannot send a request body using a `GET` operation (HTTP method).
+
+    To send data, you have to use one of: `POST` (the more common), `PUT`, `DELETE` or `PATCH`.

 ## Import Pydantic's `BaseModel`

@@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ And will be also used in the API docs inside each path operation that needs them

 ## Editor support

-In your editor, inside your function you will get type hints and completion everywhere (this wouldn't happen if your received a `dict` instead of a Pydantic model):
+In your editor, inside your function you will get type hints and completion everywhere (this wouldn't happen if you received a `dict` instead of a Pydantic model):

 <img src="/img/tutorial/body/image03.png">

--- a/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-You can define Cookie parameters the same way you define `Query` and `Path` parameteres.
+You can define Cookie parameters the same way you define `Query` and `Path` parameters.

 ## Import `Cookie`

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ First import `Cookie`:
 {!./src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

-## Declare `Cookie` parameteres
+## Declare `Cookie` parameters

 Then declare the cookie parameters using the same structure as with `Path` and `Query`.

-The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameteres:
+The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameters:

 ```Python hl_lines="7"
 {!./src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or a
    `Cookie` is a "sister" class of `Path` and `Query`. It also inherits from the same common `Param` class.

 !!! info
-    To declare cookies, you need to use `Cookie`, because otherwise the parameters would be interpreted as query parameteres.
+    To declare cookies, you need to use `Cookie`, because otherwise the parameters would be interpreted as query parameters.

 ## Recap

--- a/docs/tutorial/custom-response.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/custom-response.md
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Pass `HTMLResponse` as the parameter `content_type` of your path operation:
    And it will be documented as such in OpenAPI.


-### return a Starlette `Response`
+### Return a Starlette `Response`

 You can also override the response directly in your path operation.

--- a/docs/tutorial/debugging.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/debugging.md
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+You can connect the debugger in your editor, for example with Visual Studio Code or PyCharm.
+
+## Call `uvicorn`
+
+In your FastAPI application, import and run `uvicorn` directly:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 15"
+{!./src/debugging/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+### About `__name__ == "__main__"`
+
+The main purpose of the `__name__ == "__main__"` is to have some code that is executed when your file is called with:
+
+```bash
+python myapp.py
+```
+
+but is not called when another file imports it, like in:
+
+```Python
+from myapp import app
+```
+
+#### More details
+
+Let's say your file is named `myapp.py`.
+
+If you run it with:
+
+```bash
+python myapp.py
+```
+
+then the internal variable `__name__` in your file, created automatically by Python, will have as value the string `"__main__"`.
+
+So, the section:
+
+```Python
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
+```
+
+will run.
+
+---
+
+This won't happen if you import that module (file).
+
+So, if you have another file `importer.py` with:
+
+```Python
+from myapp import app
+
+# Some more code
+```
+
+in that case, the automatic variable inside of `myapp.py` will not have the variable `__name__` with a value of `"__main__"`.
+
+So, the line:
+
+```Python
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
+```
+
+will not be executed.
+
+!!! info
+    For more information, check <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html" target="_blank">the official Python docs</a>.
+
+## Run your code with your debugger
+
+Because you are running the Uvicorn server directly from your code, you can call your Python program (your FastAPI application) directly form the debugger.
+
+---
+
+For example, in Visual Studio Code, you can:
+
+* Go to the "Debug" panel.
+* "Add configuration...".
+* Select "Python"
+* Run the debugger with the option "`Python: Current File (Integrated Terminal)`".
+
+It will then start the server with your **FastAPI** code, stop at your breakpoints, etc.
+
+Here's how it might look:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png">
--- a/docs/tutorial/dependencies/advanced-dependencies.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/dependencies/advanced-dependencies.md
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+!!! danger
+    This is, more or less, an "advanced" chapter.
+    
+    If you are just starting with **FastAPI** you might want to skip this chapter and come back to it later.
+
+## Parameterized dependencies
+
+All the dependencies we have seen are a fixed function or class.
+
+But there could be cases where you want to be able to set parameters on the dependency, without having to declare many different functions or classes.
+
+Let's imagine that we want to have a dependency that checks if the query parameter `q` contains some fixed content.
+
+But we want to be able to parameterize that fixed content.
+
+## A "callable" instance
+
+In Python there's a way to make an instance of a class a "callable".
+
+Not the class itself (which is already a callable), but an instance of that class.
+
+To do that, we declare a method `__call__`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="10"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+```
+
+In this case, this `__call__` is what **FastAPI** will use to check for additional parameters and sub-dependencies, and this is what will be called to pass a value to the parameter in your *path operation function* later.
+
+## Parameterize the instance
+
+And now, we can use `__init__` to declare the parameters of the instance that we can use to "parameterize" the dependency:
+
+```Python hl_lines="7"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+```
+
+In this case, **FastAPI** won't ever touch or care about `__init__`, we will use it directly in our code.
+
+## Create an instance
+
+We could create an instance of this class with:
+
+```Python hl_lines="16"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+```
+
+And that way we are able to "parameterize" our dependency, that now has `"bar"` inside of it, as the attribute `checker.fixed_content`.
+
+## Use the instance as a dependency
+
+Then, we could use this `checker` in a `Depends(checker)`, instead of `Depends(FixedContentQueryChecker)`, because the dependency is the instance, `checker`, not the class itself.
+
+And when solving the dependency, **FastAPI** will call this `checker` like:
+
+```Python
+checker(q="somequery")
+```
+
+...and pass whatever that returns as the value of the dependency in our path operation function as the parameter `fixed_content_included`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="20"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    All this might seem contrived. And it might not be very clear how is it useful yet.
+
+    These examples are intentionally simple, but show how it all works.
+
+    In the chapters about security, you will be using utility functions that are implemented in this same way.
+
+    If you understood all this, you already know how those utility tools for security work underneath.
--- a/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+Before diving deeper into the **Dependency Injection** system, let's upgrade the previous example.
+
+## A `dict` from the previous example
+
+In the previous example, we where returning a `dict` from our dependency ("dependable"):
+
+```Python hl_lines="7"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+But then we get a `dict` in the parameter `commons` of the path operation function.
+
+And we know that editors can't provide a lot of support (like completion) for `dict`s, because they can't know their keys and value types.
+
+We can do better...
+
+## What makes a dependency
+
+Up to now you have seen dependencies declared as functions.
+
+But that's not the only way to declare dependencies (although it would probably be the more common).
+
+The key factor is that a dependency should be a "callable".
+
+A "**callable**" in Python is anything that Python can "call" like a function.
+
+So, if you have an object `something` (that might _not_ be a function) and you can "call" it (execute it) like:
+
+```Python
+something()
+```
+
+or
+
+```Python
+something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
+```
+
+then it is a "callable".
+
+## Classes as dependencies
+
+You might notice that to create an instance of a Python class, you use that same syntax.
+
+For example:
+
+```Python
+class Cat:
+    def __init__(self, name: str):
+        self.name = name
+
+
+fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy")
+```
+
+In this case, `fluffy` is an instance of the class `Cat`.
+
+And to create `fluffy`, you are "calling" `Cat`.
+
+So, a Python class is also a **callable**.
+
+Then, in **FastAPI**, you could use a Python class as a dependency.
+
+What FastAPI actually checks is that it is a "callable" (function, class or anything else) and the parameters defined.
+
+If you pass a "callable" as a dependency in **FastAPI**, it will analyze the parameters for that "callable", and process them in the same way as the parameters for a path operation function. Including sub-dependencies.
+
+That also applies to callables with no parameters at all. The same as it would be for path operation functions with no parameters.
+
+Then, we can change the dependency "dependable" `common_parameters` from above to the class `CommonQueryParameters`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9 10 11 12 13"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+Pay attention to the `__init__` method used to create the instance of the class:
+
+```Python hl_lines="10"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+...it has the same parameters as our previous `common_parameters`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+Those parameters are what **FastAPI** will use to "solve" the dependency.
+
+In both cases, it will have:
+
+* an optional `q` query parameter.
+* a `skip` query parameter, with a default of `0`.
+* a `limit` query parameter, with a default of `100`.
+
+In both cases the data will be converted, validated, documented on the OpenAPI schema, etc.
+
+## Use it
+
+Now you can declare your dependency using this class.
+
+And as when **FastAPI** calls that class the value that will be passed as `commons` to your function will be an "instance" of the class, you can declare that parameter `commons` to be of type of the class, `CommonQueryParams`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="17"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+## Type annotation vs `Depends`
+
+In the code above, you are declaring `commons` as:
+
+```Python
+commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+```
+
+The last `CommonQueryParams`, in:
+
+```Python
+... = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+```
+
+...is what **FastAPI** will actually use to know what is the dependency.
+
+From it is that FastAPI will extract the declared parameters and that is what FastAPI will actually call.
+
+---
+
+In this case, the first `CommonQueryParams`, in:
+
+```Python
+commons: CommonQueryParams ...
+```
+
+...doesn't have any special meaning for **FastAPI**. FastAPI won't use it for data conversion, validation, etc. (as it is using the `= Depends(CommonQueryParams)` for that).
+
+You could actually write just:
+
+```Python
+commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+```
+
+..as in:
+
+```Python hl_lines="17"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+But declaring the type is encouraged as that way your editor will know what will be passed as the parameter `commons`, and then it can help you with code completion, type checks, etc:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png">
+
+## Shortcut
+
+But you see that we are having some code repetition here, writing `CommonQueryParams` twice:
+
+```Python
+commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+```
+
+**FastAPI** provides a shortcut for these cases, in where the dependency is *specifically* a class that **FastAPI** will "call" to create an instance of the class itself.
+
+For those specific cases, you can do the following:
+
+Instead of writing:
+
+```Python
+commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)
+```
+
+...you write:
+
+```Python
+commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()
+```
+
+So, you can declare the dependency as the type of the variable, and use `Depends()` as the "default" value, without any parameter, instead of having to write the full class *again* inside of `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`.
+
+So, the same example would look like:
+
+```Python hl_lines="17"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+...and **FastAPI** will know what to do.
+
+!!! tip
+    If all that seems more confusing than helpful, disregard it, you don't *need* it.
+    
+    It is just a shortcut. Because **FastAPI** cares about helping you minimize code repetition.
--- a/docs/tutorial/dependencies/first-steps.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/dependencies/first-steps.md
@@ -1,12 +1,31 @@
-Let's see a very simple example of the **Dependency Injection** system.
+**FastAPI** has a very powerful but intuitive **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.

-It will be so simple that it is not very useful, for now.
+It is designed to be very simple to use, and to make it very easy for any developer to integrate other components with **FastAPI**.
+
+## "Dependency Injection"?
+
+**"Dependency Injection"** means, in programming, that there is a way for your code (in this case, your path operation functions) to declare things that it requires to work and use: "dependencies".
+
+And then, that system (in this case **FastAPI**) will take care of doing whatever is needed to provide your code with those needed dependencies ("inject" the dependencies).
+
+This is very useful when you need to:
+
+* Have shared logic (the same code logic again and again).
+* Share database connections.
+* Enforce security, authentication, role requirements, etc.
+* etc.
+
+All these, while minimizing code repetition.
+
+
+## First Steps
+
+Let's see a very simple example. It will be so simple that it is not very useful, for now.

 But this way we can focus on how the **Dependency Injection** system works.

-In the next chapters we'll extend it to see how can it be so useful.

-## Create a dependency, or "dependable"
+### Create a dependency, or "dependable"

 Let's first focus on the dependency.

@@ -22,7 +41,7 @@ That's it.

 And it has the same shape and structure that all your path operation functions.

-You can think of it as a path operation function without the "decorator" (the `@app.get("/some-path")`).
+You can think of it as a path operation function without the "decorator" (without the `@app.get("/some-path")`).

 And it can return anything you want.

@@ -34,25 +53,30 @@ In this case, this dependency expects:

 And then it just returns a `dict` containing those values.

-## Import `Depends`
+### Import `Depends`

 ```Python hl_lines="1"
 {!./src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

-## Declare the dependency, in the "dependant"
+### Declare the dependency, in the "dependant"

 The same way you use `Body`, `Query`, etc. with your path operation function parameters, use `Depends` with a new parameter:

-```Python hl_lines="11"
+```Python hl_lines="11 16"
 {!./src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

-Although you use it in the parameters of your function too, `Depends` works a bit differently.
+Although you use `Depends` in the parameters of your function the same way you use `Body`, `Query`, etc, `Depends` works a bit differently.

 You only give `Depends` a single parameter.

-This parameter must be a function with the same parameters that can be taken by a path operation function.
+This parameter must be something like a function.
+
+And that function takes parameters in the same way that path operation functions do.
+
+!!! tip
+    You'll see what other "things", apart from functions, can be used as dependencies in the next chapter.

 Whenever a new request arrives, **FastAPI** will take care of:

@@ -61,7 +85,7 @@ Whenever a new request arrives, **FastAPI** will take care of:
 * Assign that result to the parameter in your path operation function.

 !!! note
-    Notice that you don't have to create a special class and pass it somewhere to **FastAPI** or anything similar.
+    Notice that you don't have to create a special class and pass it somewhere to **FastAPI** to "register" it or anything similar.

    You just pass it to `Depends` and **FastAPI** knows how to do the rest.

@@ -71,21 +95,73 @@ As dependencies will also be called by **FastAPI** (the same as your path operat

 You can use `async def` or normal `def`.

-And you can declare dependencies with `async def` inside of normal `def` path operation functions, or `def` dependencies inside of `async def` path operation functions.
+And you can declare dependencies with `async def` inside of normal `def` path operation functions, or `def` dependencies inside of `async def` path operation functions, etc.

 It doesn't matter. **FastAPI** will know what to do.

 !!! note
    If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` and `await` in the docs</a>.

-## Integrated wiht OpenAPI
+
+## Integrated with OpenAPI

 All the request declarations, validations and requirements of your dependencies (and sub-dependencies) will be integrated in the same OpenAPI schema.

-So, the interactive docs will have all the information they need, while you keep all the flexibility of the dependencies:
+So, the interactive docs will have all the information from these dependencies too:

 <img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image01.png">

-## Recap

-Create Dependencies with **2 lines** of code.
+## Simple usage
+
+If you look at it, *path operation functions* are declared to be used whenever a *path* and *operation* matches, and then **FastAPI** takes care of calling the function with the correct parameters and use the response.
+
+Actually, all (or most) of the web frameworks work in this same way.
+
+You never call those functions directly. They are called by your framework (in this case, **FastAPI**).
+
+With the Dependency Injection system, you can also tell **FastAPI** that your path operation function also "depends" on something else that should be executed before your *path operation function*, and **FastAPI** will take care of executing it and "injecting" the results.
+
+Other common terms for this same idea of "dependency injection" are:
+
+* resources
+* providers
+* services
+* injectables
+* components
+
+## **FastAPI** plug-ins
+
+Integrations and "plug-in"s can be built using the **Dependency Injection** system. But in fact, there is actually **no need to create "plug-ins"**, as by using dependencies it's possible to declare an infinite number of integrations and interactions that become available to your path operation functions.
+
+And dependencies can be created in a very simple and intuitive way that allow you to just import the Python packages you need, and integrate them with your API functions in a couple of lines of code, _literally_.
+
+You will see examples of this in the next chapters, about relational and NoSQL databases, security, etc.
+
+## **FastAPI** compatibility
+
+The simplicity of the dependency injection system makes **FastAPI** compatible with:
+
+* all the relational databases
+* NoSQL databases
+* external packages
+* external APIs
+* authentication and authorization systems
+* API usage monitoring systems
+* response data injection systems
+* etc.
+
+
+## Simple and Powerful
+
+Although the hierarchical dependency injection system is very simple to define and use, it's still very powerful.
+
+You can define dependencies that in turn can define dependencies themselves.
+
+In the end, a hierarchical tree of dependencies is built, and the **Dependency Injection** system takes care of solving all these dependencies for you (and your dependencies) and providing (injecting) the results at each step.
+
+## Integrated with **OpenAPI**
+
+All these dependencies, while declaring their requirements, add parameters, validations, etc. to your path operations. 
+
+**FastAPI** will take care of adding it all to the OpenAPI schema, so that it is shown in the interactive documentation systems.
--- a/docs/tutorial/dependencies/intro.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/dependencies/intro.md
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-**FastAPI** has a very powerful but intuitive **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
-
-It is designed to be very simple to use, and to make it very easy for any developer to integrate other components with **FastAPI**.
-
-## "Dependency Injection"?
-
-**"Dependency Injection"** means, in programming, that there is a way for your code (in this case, your path operation functions) to declare things that it requires to work and use.
-
-And then, that system (in this case **FastAPI**) will take care of doing whatever is needed to provide your code with that thing that it needs.
-
-If you look at it, path operation functions are declared to be used whenever a path and operation matches, and then **FastAPI** will take care of calling the function with the correct parameters and use the response.
-
-Actually, all (or most) of the web frameworks work in this same way.
-
-You never call those functions directly. The are called by your framework (in this case, **FastAPI**).
-
-With the Dependency Injection system, you can also tell **FastAPI** that your path operation function also "depends" on something else that should be executed before your path operation function, and **FastAPI** will take care of executing it and "injecting" the results.
-
-Other common terms for this same idea are:
-
-* resources
-* providers
-* services
-* injectables
-
-## **FastAPI** plug-ins
-
-Integrations and "plug-in"s can be built using the **Dependency Injection** system. But in fact, there is actually **no need to create "plug-ins"**, as by using dependencies it's possible to declare an infinite number of integrations and interactions that become available to your path operation functions.
-
-And dependencies can be created in a very simple and intuitive way that allow you to just import the Python packages you need, and integrate them with your API functions in a couple of lines of code, _literally_.
-
-## **FastAPI** compatibility
-
-The simplicity of the dependency injection system makes **FastAPI** compatible with:
-
-* all the relational databases
-* NoSQL databases
-* external packages
-* external APIs
-* authentication and authorization systems
-* API usage monitoring systems
-* response data injection systems
-* etc.
-
-
-## Simple and Powerful
-
-Although the hierarchical dependency injection system is very simple to define and use, it's still very powerful.
-
-You can define dependencies that in turn can define dependencies themselves.
-
-In the end, a hierarchical tree of dependencies is built, and the **Dependency Injection** system takes care of solving all these dependencies for you (and your dependencies) and providing the results at each step.
-
-## Integrated with **OpenAPI**
-
-All these dependencies, while declaring their requirements, might have been adding parameters, validations, etc. to your path operations. 
-
-**FastAPI** will take care of adding it all to the OpenAPI schema, so that it is shown in the interactive documentation systems.
--- a/docs/tutorial/dependencies/second-steps.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/dependencies/second-steps.md
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-Before diving deeper into the **Dependency Injection** system, let's upgrade the previous example.
-
-## A `dict` from the previous example
-
-In the previous example, we where returning a `dict` from our dependency ("dependable"):
-
-```Python hl_lines="7"
-{!./src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
-```
-
-But then we get a `dict` in the parameter `commons` of the path operation function.
-
-And we know that `dict`s can't provide a lot of editor support because they can't know their keys and value types.
-
-## Create a Pydantic model
-
-But we are already using Pydantic models in other places and we have already seen all the benefits.
-
-Let's use them here too.
-
-Create a model for the common parameters (and don't pay attention to the rest, for now):
-
-```Python hl_lines="11 12 13 14"
-{!./src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
-```
-
-## Return a Pydantic model
-
-Now we can return a Pydantic model from the dependency ("dependable") with the same data as the dict before:
-
-```Python hl_lines="18"
-{!./src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
-```
-
-## Declare the Pydantic model
-
-We can now come back to the path operation function and declare the type of the `commons` parameter to be that Pydantic model:
-
-```Python
-commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(common_parameters)
-```
-
-It won't be interpreted as a JSON request `Body` because we are using `Depends`:
-
-```Python hl_lines="22"
-{!./src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
-```
-
-!!! info
-    In the case of dependencies with `Depends`, the type of the parameter is only to get editor support.
-
-    Your dependencies won't be enforced to return a specific type of data.
-
-## Use the Pydantic model
-
-And now we can use that model in our code, with all the lovable editor support:
-
-```Python hl_lines="24 25 26"
-{!./src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!}
-```
-
-<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png">
-
-## Trees of hierarchical dependencies
-
-With the **Dependency Injection** system you can build arbitrarily deep trees of hierarchical dependencies (also known as dependency graphs) by having dependencies that also have dependencies themselves.
-
-You will see examples of these dependency trees in the next chapters about security.
-
-## Recap
-
-By using Pydantic models in your dependencies too you can keep all the editor support that **FastAPI** is designed to support.
--- a/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+You can create dependencies that have sub-dependencies.
+
+They can be as "deep" as you need them to be.
+
+**FastAPI** will take care of solving them.
+
+### First dependency "dependable"
+
+You could create a first dependency ("dependable") like:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6 7"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+```
+It declares an optional query parameter `q` as a `str`, and then it just returns it.
+
+This is quite simple (not very useful), but will help us focus on how the sub-dependencies work.
+
+### Second dependency, "dependable" and "dependant"
+
+Then you can create another dependency function (a "dependable") that at the same time declares a dependency of its own (so it is a "dependant" too):
+
+```Python hl_lines="11"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+```
+
+Let's focus on the parameters declared:
+
+* Even though this function is a dependency ("dependable") itself, it also declares another dependency (it "depends" on something else).
+    * It depends on the `query_extractor`, and assigns the value returned by it to the parameter `q`.
+* It also declares an optional `last_query` cookie, as a `str`.
+    * Let's imagine that if the user didn't provide any query `q`, we just use the last query used, that we had saved to a cookie before.
+
+### Use the dependency
+
+Then we can use the dependency with:
+
+```Python hl_lines="19"
+{!./src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!}
+```
+
+!!! info
+    Notice that we are only declaring one dependency in the path operation function, the `query_or_cookie_extractor`.
+
+    But **FastAPI** will know that it has to solve `query_extractor` first, to pass the results of that to `query_or_cookie_extractor` while calling it.
+
+
+## Recap
+
+Apart from all the fancy words used here, the **Dependency Injection** system is quite simple.
+
+Just functions that look the same as the path operation functions.
+
+But still, it is very powerful, and allows you to declare arbitrarily deeply nested dependency "graphs" (trees).
+
+!!! tip
+    All this might not seem as useful with these simple examples.
+    
+    But you will see how useful it is in the chapters about **security**.
+
+    And you will also see the amounts of code it will save you.
--- a/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+Up to now, you have been using common data types, like:
+
+* `int`
+* `float`
+* `str`
+* `bool`
+
+But you can also use more complex data types.
+
+And you will still have the same features as seen up to now:
+
+* Great editor support.
+* Data conversion from incoming requests.
+* Data conversion for response data.
+* Data validation.
+* Automatic annotation and documentation.
+
+## Other data types
+
+Here are some of the additional data types you can use:
+
+* `UUID`: 
+    * A standard "Universally Unique Identifier", common as an ID in many databases and systems.
+    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `str`.
+* `datetime.datetime`: 
+    * A Python `datetime.datetime`.
+    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `str` in ISO 8601 format, like: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`.
+* `datetime.date`:
+    * Python `datetime.date`.
+    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `str` in ISO 8601 format, like: `2008-09-15`.
+* `datetime.time`:
+    * A Python `datetime.time`.
+    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `str` in ISO 8601 format, like: `14:23:55.003`.
+* `datetime.timedelta`:
+    * A Python `datetime.timedelta`.
+    * In requests and responses will be represented as a `float` of total seconds.
+    * Pydantic also allows representing it as a "ISO 8601 time diff encoding", <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#json-serialisation" target="_blank">see the docs for more info</a>.
+* `frozenset`:
+    * In requests and responses, treated the same as a `set`:
+        * In requests, a list will be read, eliminating duplicates and converting it to a `set`.
+        * In responses, the `set` will be converted to a `list`.
+        * The generated schema will specify that the `set` values are unique (using JSON Schema's `uniqueItems`).
+* `bytes`:
+    * Standard Python `bytes`.
+    * In requests and responses will be treated as `str`.
+    * The generated schema will specify that it's a `str` with `binary` "format".
+* `Decimal`:
+    * Standard Python `Decimal`.
+    * In requests and responses, handled the same as a `float`.
+
+
+## Example
+
+Here's an example path operation with parameters using some of the above types.
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 2 11 12 13 14 15"
+{!./src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+Note that the parameters inside the function have their natural data type, and you can, for example, perform normal date manipulations, like:
+
+```Python hl_lines="17 18"
+{!./src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
+```
--- a/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ This is especially the case for user models, because:
 * The **database model** would probably need to have a hashed password.

 !!! danger
-    Never store user's plaintext passwords. Always store a secure hash that you can then verify.
+    Never store user's plaintext passwords. Always store a "secure hash" that you can then verify.
+
+    If you don't know, you will learn what a "password hash" is in the <a href="/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/#password-hashing" target="_blank">security chapters</a>.

 ## Multiple models

@@ -17,6 +19,116 @@ Here's a general idea of how the models could look like with their password fiel
 {!./src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

+### About `**user_in.dict()`
+
+#### Pydantic's `.dict()`
+
+`user_in` is a Pydantic model of class `UserIn`.
+
+Pydantic models have a `.dict()` method that returns a `dict` with the model's data.
+
+So, if we create a Pydantic object `user_in` like:
+
+```Python
+user_in = UserIn(username="john", password="secret", email="john.doe@example.com")
+```
+
+and then we call:
+
+```Python
+user_dict = user_in.dict()
+```
+
+we now have a `dict` with the data in the variable `user_dict` (it's a `dict` instead of a Pydantic model object).
+
+And if we call:
+
+```Python
+print(user_dict)
+```
+
+we would get a Python `dict` with:
+
+```Python
+{
+    'username': 'john',
+    'password': 'secret',
+    'email': 'john.doe@example.com',
+    'full_name': None,
+}
+```
+
+#### Unwrapping a `dict`
+
+If we take a `dict` like `user_dict` and pass it to a function (or class) with `**user_dict`, Python will "unwrap" it. It will pass the keys and values of the `user_dict` directly as key-value arguments.
+
+So, continuing with the `user_dict` from above, writing:
+
+```Python
+UserInDB(**user_dict)
+```
+
+Would result in something equivalent to:
+
+```Python
+UserInDB(
+    username="john",
+    password="secret",
+    email="john.doe@example.com",
+    full_name=None,
+)
+```
+
+Or more exactly, using `user_dict` directly, with whatever contents it might have in the future:
+
+```Python
+UserInDB(
+    username = user_dict["username"],
+    password = user_dict["password"],
+    email = user_dict["email"],
+    full_name = user_dict["full_name"],
+)
+```
+
+#### A Pydantic model from the contents of another
+
+As in the example above we got `user_dict` from `user_in.dict()`, this code:
+
+```Python
+user_dict = user_in.dict()
+UserInDB(**user_dict)
+```
+
+would be equivalent to:
+
+```Python
+UserInDB(**user_in.dict())
+```
+
+...because `user_in.dict()` is a `dict`, and then we make Python "unwrap" it by passing it to `UserInDB` prepended with `**`.
+
+So, we get a Pydantic model from the data in another Pydantic model.
+
+#### Unwrapping a `dict` and extra keywords
+
+And then adding the extra keyword argument `hashed_password=hashed_password`, like in:
+
+```Python
+UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password)
+```
+
+...ends up being like:
+
+```Python
+UserInDB(
+    username = user_dict["username"],
+    password = user_dict["password"],
+    email = user_dict["email"],
+    full_name = user_dict["full_name"],
+    hashed_password = hashed_password,
+)
+```
+
 !!! warning
    The supporting additional functions are just to demo a possible flow of the data, but they of course are not providing any real security.

@@ -30,7 +142,7 @@ And these models are all sharing a lot of the data and duplicating attribute nam

 We could do better.

-We can declare a `Userbase` model that serves as a base for our other models. And then we can make subclasses of that model that inherit its attributes (type declarations, validation, etc).
+We can declare a `UserBase` model that serves as a base for our other models. And then we can make subclasses of that model that inherit its attributes (type declarations, validation, etc).

 All the data conversion, validation, documentation, etc. will still work as normally.

@@ -42,4 +154,6 @@ That way, we can declare just the differences between the models (with plaintext

 ## Recap

-Use multiple Pydantic models and inherit freely for each case. You don't need to have a single data model per entity if that entity must be able to have different "states". As the case with the user "entity" with a state including `password`, `password_hash` and no password.
+Use multiple Pydantic models and inherit freely for each case.
+
+You don't need to have a single data model per entity if that entity must be able to have different "states". As the case with the user "entity" with a state including `password`, `password_hash` and no password.
--- a/docs/tutorial/extra-starlette.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/extra-starlette.md
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Coming soon...
--- a/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
@@ -57,6 +57,32 @@ You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https

 ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)

+### OpenAPI
+
+**FastAPI** generates a "schema" with all your API using the **OpenAPI** standard for defining APIs.
+
+#### "Schema"
+
+A "schema" is a definition or description of something. Not the code that implements it, but just the abstract description.
+
+#### API "schema"
+
+In this case, OpenAPI is a specification that dictates how to define a schema of your API.
+
+This OpenAPI schema would include your API paths, the possible parameters they take, etc.
+
+#### Data "schema"
+
+The term "schema" might also refer to the shape of some data, like a JSON content.
+
+In that case, it would mean the JSON attributes, and data types they have, etc.
+
+#### OpenAPI and JSON Schema
+
+OpenAPI defines an API schema for your API. And that schema includes definitions (or "schemas") of the data sent and received by your API using **JSON Schema**, the standard for JSON data schemas.
+
+#### Check it
+
 If you are curious about how the raw OpenAPI schema looks like, it is just an automatically generated JSON with the descriptions of all your API.

 You can see it directly at: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json</a>.
@@ -84,6 +110,14 @@ It will show a JSON starting with something like:
 ...
 ```

+#### What for?
+
+This OpenAPI schema is what powers the 2 interactive documentation systems included.
+
+And there are dozens of alternatives, all based on OpenAPI. You could easily add any of those alternatives to your application built with **FastAPI**.
+
+You could also use it to generate code automatically, for clients that communicate with your API. For example, frontend, mobile or IoT applications.
+
 ## Recap, step by step

 ### Step 1: import `FastAPI`
@@ -148,7 +182,7 @@ https://example.com/items/foo
 !!! info
    A "path" is also commonly called an "endpoint" or a "route".

-Building an API, the "path" is the main way to separate "concerns" and functionalities.
+Building an API, the "path" is the main way to separate "concerns" and "resources".

 #### Operation

@@ -172,7 +206,7 @@ In the HTTP protocol, you can communicate to each path using one (or more) of th

 ---

-When building APIs, you normally use these specific HTTP methods to perform a specific operation.
+When building APIs, you normally use these specific HTTP methods to perform a specific action.

 Normally you use:

@@ -183,7 +217,7 @@ Normally you use:

 So, in OpenAPI, each of the HTTP methods is called an "operation".

-We are going to call them "operations" too.
+We are going to call them "**operations**" too.

 #### Define a path operation function

@@ -196,6 +230,17 @@ The `@app.get("/")` tells **FastAPI** that the function right below is in charge
 * the path `/`
 * using a <abbr title="an HTTP GET method"><code>get</code> operation</abbr>

+!!! info "`@decorator` Info"
+    That `@something` syntax in Python is called a "decorator".
+
+    You put it on top of a function. Like a pretty decorative hat (I guess that's where the term came from).
+
+    A "decorator" takes the function below and does something with it.
+
+    In our case, this decorator tells **FastAPI** that the function below corresponds to the **path** `/` with an **operation** `get`.
+
+    It is the "**path operation decorator**".
+
 You can also use the other operations:

 * `@app.post()`
@@ -216,9 +261,15 @@ And the more exotic ones:

    The information here is presented as a guideline, not a requirement.

-    For example, when using GraphQL you normally perform all the operations using only `post`.
+    For example, when using GraphQL you normally perform all the actions using only `post`.

-### Step 4: define the path operation function
+### Step 4: define the **path operation function**
+
+This is our "**path operation function**":
+
+* **path**: is `/`.
+* **operation**: is `get`.
+* **function**: is the function below the "decorator" (below `@app.get("/")`).

 ```Python hl_lines="7"
 {!./src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!}
@@ -226,7 +277,7 @@ And the more exotic ones:

 This is a Python function. 

-It will be called by FastAPI whenever it receives a request to the URL "`/`".
+It will be called by **FastAPI** whenever it receives a request to the URL "`/`" using `GET`.

 In this case, it is an `async` function.

@@ -238,7 +289,8 @@ You could also define it as a normal function instead of `async def`:
 {!./src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!}
 ```

-To know the difference, read the section about [Concurrency and `async` / `await`](/async/).
+!!! note
+    If you don't know the difference, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` and `await` in the docs</a>.

 ### Step 5: return the content

@@ -250,4 +302,13 @@ You can return a `dict`, `list`, singular values as `str`, `int`, etc.

 You can also return Pydantic models (you'll see more about that later).

-There are many other objects and models that will be automatically converted to JSON.
+There are many other objects and models that will be automatically converted to JSON (including ORMs, etc). Try using your favorite ones, it's highly probable that they are already supported.
+
+
+## Recap
+
+* Import `FastAPI`.
+* Create an `app` instance.
+* Write a **path operation decorator** (like `@app.get("/")`).
+* Write a **path operation function** (like `def root(): ...` above).
+* Run the debugging server (like `uvicorn main:app --debug`).
--- a/docs/tutorial/graphql.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/graphql.md
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+**FastAPI** has optional support for GraphQL (provided by Starlette directly), using the `graphene` library.
+
+You can combine normal FastAPI path operations with GraphQL on the same application.
+
+## Import and use `graphene`
+
+GraphQL is implemented with Graphene, you can check <a href="https://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/quickstart/" target="_blank">Graphene's docs</a> for more details.
+
+Import `graphene` and define your GraphQL data:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 6 7 8 9 10"
+{!./src/graphql/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Add Starlette's `GraphQLApp`
+
+Then import and add Starlette's `GraphQLApp`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3 14"
+{!./src/graphql/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! info
+    Here we are using `.add_route`, that is the way to add a route in Starlette (inherited by FastAPI) without declaring the specific operation (as would be with `.get()`, `.post()`, etc).
+
+## Check it
+
+Run it with Uvicorn and open your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a>.
+
+You will see GraphiQL web user interface:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/graphql/image01.png">
+
+
+## More details
+
+For more details, including:
+
+* Accessing request information
+* Adding background tasks
+* Using normal or async functions
+
+check the official <a href="https://www.starlette.io/graphql/" target="_blank">Starlette GraphQL docs</a>.
--- a/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+There are many situations in where you need to notify an error to the client that is using your API.
+
+This client could be a browser with a frontend, the code from someone else, an IoT device, etc.
+
+You could need to tell that client that:
+
+* He doesn't have enough privileges for that operation.
+* He doesn't have access to that resource.
+* The item he was trying to access doesn't exist.
+* etc.
+
+In these cases, you would normally return an **HTTP status code** in the range of **400** (from 400 to 499).
+
+This is similar to the 200 HTTP status codes (from 200 to 299). Those "200" status codes mean that somehow there was a "success" in the request.
+
+The status codes in the 400 range mean that there was an error from the client.
+
+Remember all those **"404 Not Found"** errors (and jokes)?
+
+## Use `HTTPException`
+
+To return HTTP responses with errors to the client you use `HTTPException`.
+
+### Import `HTTPException`
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+{!./src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+### Raise an `HTTPException` in your code
+
+`HTTPException` is a normal Python exception with additional data relevant for APIs.
+
+Because it's a Python exception, you don't `return` it, you `raise` it.
+
+This also means that if you are inside a utility function that you are calling inside of your path operation function, and you raise the `HTTPException` from inside of that utility function, it won't run the rest of the code in the path operation function, it will terminate that request right away and send the HTTP error from the `HTTPException` to the client.
+
+The benefit of raising an exception over `return`ing a value will be more evident in the section about Dependencies and Security.
+
+In this example, when the client request an item by an ID that doesn't exist, raise an exception with a status code of `404`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="11"
+{!./src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+### The resulting response
+
+If the client requests `http://example.com/items/foo` (an `item_id` `"foo"`), he will receive an HTTP status code of 200, and a JSON response of:
+
+```JSON
+{
+  "item": "The Foo Wrestlers"
+}
+```
+
+But if the client requests `http://example.com/items/bar` (a non-existent `item_id` `"bar"`), he will receive an HTTP status code of 404 (the "not found" error), and a JSON response of:
+
+```JSON
+{
+  "detail": "Item not found"
+}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    When raising an `HTTPException`, you can pass any value that can be converted to JSON as the parameter `detail`, not only `str`.
+
+    You could pass a `dict`, a `list`, etc.
+
+    They are handled automatically by **FastAPI** and converted to JSON.
+
+### Adding custom headers
+
+There are some situations in where it's useful to be able to add custom headers to the HTTP error. For example, for some types of security.
+
+You probably won't need to use it directly in your code.
+
+But in case you needed it for an advanced scenario, you can add custom headers:
+
+
+```Python hl_lines="14"
+{!./src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+### Installing custom handlers
+
+If you need to add other custom exception handlers, or override the default one (that sends the errors as JSON), you can use <a href="https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/" target="_blank">the same exception utilities from Starlette</a>.
+
+For example, you could override the default exception handler with:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2 3 8 9 10"
+{!./src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+...this would make it return "plain text" responses with the errors, instead of JSON responses.
+
+!!! info
+    Note that in this example we set the exception handler with Starlette's `HTTPException` instead of FastAPI's `HTTPException`.
+
+    This would ensure that if you use a plug-in or any other third-party tool that raises Starlette's `HTTPException` directly, it will be caught by your exception handler.
--- a/docs/tutorial/header-params.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/header-params.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-You can define Header parameters the same way you define `Query`, `Path` and `Cookie` parameteres.
+You can define Header parameters the same way you define `Query`, `Path` and `Cookie` parameters.

 ## Import `Header`

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ First import `Header`:
 {!./src/header_params/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

-## Declare `Header` parameteres
+## Declare `Header` parameters

 Then declare the header parameters using the same structure as with `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie`.

-The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameteres:
+The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameters:

 ```Python hl_lines="7"
 {!./src/header_params/tutorial001.py!}
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or a
    `Header` is a "sister" class of `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie`. It also inherits from the same common `Param` class.

 !!! info
-    To declare headers, you need to use `Header`, because otherwise the parameters would be interpreted as query parameteres.
+    To declare headers, you need to use `Header`, because otherwise the parameters would be interpreted as query parameters.

 ## Automatic conversion

@@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ If for some reason you need to disable automatic conversion of underscores to hy

 ## Recap

-Declare headeres with `Header`, using the same common pattern as `Query`, `Path` and `Cookie`.
+Declare headers with `Header`, using the same common pattern as `Query`, `Path` and `Cookie`.

 And don't worry about underscores in your variables, **FastAPI** will take care of converting them.
--- a/docs/tutorial/intro.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/intro.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 This tutorial shows you how to use **FastAPI** with all its features, step by step.

-Eeach section gradually builds on the previous ones, but it's structured to separate topics, so that you can go directly to any specific one to solve your specific API needs.
+Each section gradually builds on the previous ones, but it's structured to separate topics, so that you can go directly to any specific one to solve your specific API needs.

 It is also built to work as a future reference.

@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ pip install fastapi[all]
    
    This is what you would probably do once you want to deploy your application to production:

-    ```bash
+    ```
    pip install fastapi
    ```

    Also install `uvicorn` to work as the server:

-    ```bash
+    ```
    pip install uvicorn
    ```

--- a/docs/tutorial/nosql-databases.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/nosql-databases.md
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ You can adapt it to any other NoSQL database like:
 * **ArangoDB**
 * **ElasticSearch**, etc.

+!!! tip
+    There is an official project generator with **FastAPI** and **Couchbase**, all based on **Docker**, including a frontend and more tools: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase</a>
+
 ## Import Couchbase components

 For now, don't pay attention to the rest, only the imports:
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ This utility function will:
    * Set defaults for timeouts.
 * Return it.

-```Python hl_lines="13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20"
+```Python hl_lines="13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22"
 {!./src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ As **Couchbase** "documents" are actually just "JSON objects", we can model them

 First, let's create a `User` model:

-```Python hl_lines="23 24 25 26 27"
+```Python hl_lines="25 26 27 28 29"
 {!./src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@ This will have the data that is actually stored in the database.

 We don't create it as a subclass of Pydantic's `BaseModel` but as a subclass of our own `User`, because it will have all the attributes in `User` plus a couple more:

-```Python hl_lines="30 31 32"
+```Python hl_lines="32 33 34"
 {!./src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ Now create a function that will:

 By creating a function that is only dedicated to getting your user from a `username` (or any other parameter) independent of your path operation function, you can more easily re-use it in multiple parts and also add <abbr title="Automated test, written in code, that checks if another piece of code is working correctly.">unit tests</abbr> for it:

-```Python hl_lines="35 36 37 38 39 40 41"
+```Python hl_lines="37 38 39 40 41 42 43"
 {!./src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

@@ -131,7 +134,7 @@ UserInDB(username="johndoe", hashed_password="some_hash")

 ### Create the `FastAPI` app

-```Python hl_lines="45"
+```Python hl_lines="47"
 {!./src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ As our code is calling Couchbase and we are not using the <a href="https://docs.

 Also, Couchbase recommends not using a single `Bucket` object in multiple "<abbr title="A sequence of code being executed by the program, while at the same time, or at intervals, there can be others being executed too.">thread</abbr>s", so, we can get just get the bucket directly and pass it to our utility functions:

-```Python hl_lines="48 49 50 51 52"
+```Python hl_lines="50 51 52 53 54"
 {!./src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Sebastián Ramírez	1f03e85f06	🔖 Release 0.6.4	2019-03-02 22:33:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b98bf178a6	📝 Update release notes with WebSockets	2019-03-02 21:51:01 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	bbd2198fa2	✨ Add docs for WebSockets (#62 )	2019-03-02 21:45:15 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	e2723e8480	📝 Update release notes	2019-03-02 20:00:27 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	1896153d58	✏️ Fix typos	2019-03-02 19:54:52 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	770b4421f9	📝 Add History, Design and Future to docs	2019-03-02 19:54:15 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	e89aacbdf7	📝 Add link to Python docs in debugging section	2019-03-02 17:56:30 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	cf25291650	📝 Update release notes	2019-03-02 17:55:07 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	13772fbd11	📝 Add note about bigger applications in Docker	2019-03-02 17:52:24 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	1d69b6f480	📝 Update release notes	2019-03-02 17:44:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	01d6aa3dd1	📝 Add docs for debugging	2019-03-02 17:40:01 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	74db8ddf9b	📝 Update release notes	2019-03-02 13:53:16 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	819b3b2516	📝 Add technical details about async def handling (#61 ) #33	2019-03-02 13:48:06 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	76fb2879ed	✏️ Fix typo in release notes	2019-03-02 13:02:06 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	daaf654868	🔖 Release 0.6.3: favicons in docs	2019-02-24 01:49:04 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	6e0553b4cf	📝 Update release notes, favicons	2019-02-24 01:32:39 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	8e1ecaf221	💄 Add FastAPI favicons to docs (#53 )	2019-02-24 01:31:50 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9e610030fb	✏️ Fix typo in release notes	2019-02-24 01:12:33 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9940c1511e	🔖 Release 0.6.2, SQL tutorial improvements and project generator	2019-02-24 01:09:49 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	24d94298d0	📝 Update release notes with SQL tutorial changes	2019-02-24 01:09:00 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	e3b4019fa3	✨ Update SQL with dependency and intro project generator (#52 )	2019-02-24 01:04:44 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	502ab432b8	💄 Add PNG images to improve link previews	2019-02-23 23:59:17 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9051ec3816	📝 Improve naming of middleware in SQLAlchemy tutorial	2019-02-21 10:15:39 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	22f4e18cdd	✏️ Fix GraphQL typo	2019-02-20 22:02:19 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	4473e6a096	🔖 Release 0.6.1: GraphQL	2019-02-20 21:59:24 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	984dd71d13	✨ Add docs for GraphQL (#48 )	2019-02-20 21:58:26 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	bf53518141	📝 Include PR in Release Notes	2019-02-19 21:22:51 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	0ed55eb7d3	🔖 Release 0.6.0, upgrade Starlette, improve SQLAlchemy compatibility	2019-02-19 21:20:32 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	12e087f0b5	✨ Use request.state for SQLAlchemy session in tutorial (#45 )	2019-02-19 21:18:28 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	ba10838c30	⬆️ Upgrade Starlette and fix compatibility (#44 )	2019-02-19 20:27:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	656e1c7ce9	🙈 Add test.db to .gitignore	2019-02-18 22:55:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	88b31e6a4d	🔖 Release 0.5.1: docs	2019-02-18 22:52:03 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	2c3b826810	📝 Add contributing/development docs (#42 )	2019-02-18 22:40:31 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	aa64eecda6	Update error handling docs, including Starlette's utils (#41 ) 📝 Update error handling docs, including Starlette's utils	2019-02-18 21:58:21 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	712b18a58a	📝 Update docs	2019-02-16 19:36:09 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a809da5567	📝 Add note about path declaration order	2019-02-16 19:23:42 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	80b68cd97d	📝 Add section about help/getting help	2019-02-16 18:10:15 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	894e131e03	🔖 Release 0.5.0 with new HTTPException	2019-02-16 17:06:31 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	8772e2f2ee	✨ Add HTTPException with custom headers (#35 ) * 📝 Update Release Notes with issue templates * ✨ Add HTTPException with support for headers Including docs and tests * 📝 Update Security docs to use new HTTPException	2019-02-16 17:01:29 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	7edbd9345b	Update issue templates (#34 ) Update issue templates	2019-02-16 14:09:20 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	56819fdd89	📝 Update Release Notes	2019-02-16 13:47:05 +04:00
euri10	febf8e7341	📝 Add docs for using the Starlette Request directly (#25 ) Add docs for using the Starlette Request directly	2019-02-16 12:44:56 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	293ebd7cc2	📝 Update Release Notes	2019-02-15 23:19:19 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	54e3949f74	📝 Update SQLAlchemy docs, with current workaround	2019-02-15 22:05:18 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	acbcbba94f	🔖 Release 0.4.0 with openapi_prefix, #26	2019-02-14 23:04:55 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	f7b7a099c3	📝 Update Release Notes and openapi_prefix docs	2019-02-14 23:02:47 +04:00
Kabir Khan	0ea0d0e82a	Add Open API prefix route - correct docs behind reverse proxy (#26 ) Add Open API prefix route - correct docs behind reverse proxy.	2019-02-14 22:57:49 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	890f1f7899	📝 Add note about DB Browser for SQLite in SQL docs	2019-02-12 23:31:18 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	783816a7e3	📝 Update Release Notes	2019-02-12 23:07:54 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	7863490c8c	🔖 Release after SQLAlchemy fix: 0.3.0	2019-02-12 23:06:05 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	955e9fcb31	Update fix SQLAlchemy support with ORM (#30 ) ✨ SQLAlchemy ORM support Improved jsonable_encoder with SQLAlchemy support, tests running with SQLite, improved and updated SQL docs * ➕ Add SQLAlchemy to development dependencies (not required for using FastAPI) * ➕ Add sqlalchemy to testing dependencies (not required to use FastAPI)	2019-02-12 23:02:21 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9484f939ed	🔖 Bump version, after fix, release	2019-02-12 21:46:35 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9745a5d1ae	🐛 Fix jsonable_encoder for models with Config (#29 ) but without json_encoders	2019-02-12 21:43:34 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	92c825be6a	🔖 Release 0.2.0	2019-02-08 16:09:48 +04:00
euri10	32438c85f6	Using pydantic custom encoders (#21 ) Add support for Pydantic custom JSON encoders.	2019-02-08 16:06:19 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	02e53fde90	📝 Update release notes	2019-02-08 15:43:00 +04:00
Ken Kinder	902cdaf010	Fix typos (#24 ) Fix typos in security section.	2019-02-08 15:41:13 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	04d77bb1c4	✏️ Fix typos in index and alternatives	2019-02-08 15:39:26 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	6d9fc08a7e	🚀 Bump version and add Release Notes	2019-02-01 14:23:20 +04:00
euri10	5c9c088a2a	Upgrade Starlette version (#17 ) Upgrade Starlette version	2019-02-01 14:14:23 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	014c7df142	📝 Add Requests to inspiration	2019-01-24 22:31:33 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9259dc228a	📈 Add Analytics to understand docs usage and improvements	2019-01-24 21:58:27 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	de431d948d	Merge pull request #11 from tiangolo/fix-10 Pin versions of dependencies and bump version	2019-01-23 16:12:09 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez	3d2c0993c1	📌 Pin versions of dependencies and bump version	2019-01-23 18:57:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	37bc3614fd	📝 Fix docs clarification about dict unwrapping in extra-models and simple-oauth2 #7	2019-01-14 23:01:34 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	188da34529	📝 Clarify docs, alternatives, about APISpec OAI versions	2019-01-14 21:26:29 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	d692c28f52	📝 Add docs for bigger applications and APIRouter and update tests to match docs	2019-01-14 19:23:38 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	8568862a19	📝 Add docs for response status codes	2019-01-14 17:30:55 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	dfa067b061	📝 Add screenshot to body-schema tutorial	2019-01-10 20:52:06 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	0d1b97fb94	📝 Add docs for deployment, with Docker, HTTPS, etc	2019-01-05 20:24:33 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	df1e754380	🔧 Update development environment dependencies	2019-01-05 18:49:50 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	e5b341c7dd	🔖 Bump version after fix for constrained bytes	2019-01-05 17:38:59 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	577c5a84db	🐛 Fix constrained bytes, from defaults in Pydantic #2	2019-01-05 17:30:27 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a5cfee434d	📝 Update docs for dependencies	2019-01-05 17:19:41 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9a8349bf96	📝 Improve explanation of dependencies	2019-01-01 19:27:02 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a59408f68c	✏️ Fix typo in dependencies docs	2018-12-30 22:18:45 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	3c08b05ea6	🔖 Bump version, after query and header as lists and bug fixes for Python 3.7	2018-12-30 21:46:49 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	60599bad99	🐛 Fix Python 3.7 specific list query handling	2018-12-30 21:43:34 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	ccf30b5c2e	📝 Update docs, 100% coverage	2018-12-30 00:17:22 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	ca0652aebf	🐛 Fix type checks for Python 3.7	2018-12-30 00:14:39 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	be957e7c99	✨ Allow lists of query or header params and add tests for them	2018-12-30 00:07:31 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	90af868146	✨ Add security checks for HTTP utils and tests for them	2018-12-29 23:04:54 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	660f917d79	✏️ Fix typos and docs notes	2018-12-29 18:43:58 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	5278314f2f	🔖 Bump version, new security features and bug fixes	2018-12-28 20:40:40 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	4a0316bcfe	🎨 Add missing type definition	2018-12-28 20:39:04 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	0393a093d3	✨ Improve security utilities and add tests	2018-12-28 20:35:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	27f530a7ff	📝 Update docs, clarify what's a schema	2018-12-28 16:32:03 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	c3e5e65093	🎨 Fix missing format	2018-12-28 16:11:45 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	804ec460fc	⬆️ Add tests, fix issues and update Pydantic	2018-12-28 16:10:29 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	0125ea4f83	📝 Update tutorials	2018-12-28 16:03:54 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	216770118a	✏️ Fix typos	2018-12-27 17:25:39 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a935d66b10	📝 Update docs about alternatives, inspiration and benchmarks	2018-12-27 17:14:46 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	dd2541bc97	📝 Improve explanation of request bodies	2018-12-26 19:01:15 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	098e629344	🔖 Bump version, after changes in OAuth2 utils	2018-12-24 20:21:28 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	bbe5f28b77	📝 Add docs for OAuth2 security	2018-12-24 20:20:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	4a0922ebab	♻️ Update OAuth2 class utilities to be dependencies	2018-12-24 20:20:21 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	8f16868c6a	➕ Add passlib and pyjwt to development dependencies	2018-12-24 20:19:05 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	bc3e7f2bbc	🔖 Version bump, fixing several issues, lots of docs and tests	2018-12-24 09:35:20 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	58848be2de	✅ Add pending tests to temporal dir	2018-12-24 09:35:02 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	cfb65d0e15	🐛 Fix utility OAuth2PasswordRequestForm to use forms and be used as a dependency	2018-12-24 09:34:28 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	855daa2e53	📝 Add tutorial for complete OAuth2 password flow	2018-12-24 09:33:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	de54e85152	📝 Add Security tutorial: Get current user	2018-12-24 08:03:59 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b8d3070daf	📝 Add first Security tutorials	2018-12-23 23:25:57 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	471c9cfc2d	📝 Add example screenshot for dependencies	2018-12-23 21:29:59 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b79c13baed	📝 Update and add docs for dependencies	2018-12-23 21:21:37 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	332ee4aee1	📝 Update and clarify first-steps tutorial	2018-12-23 18:42:29 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	ad40f4a457	📝 Fix double editor screenshot	2018-12-22 20:23:24 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	6b9931f882	✅ Add tests for metadata	2018-12-22 18:47:05 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	4c51bb6714	✅ Test extra routes, with parameters directly	2018-12-22 18:30:34 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	57ff677027	✅ Add tests for validation errors in response	2018-12-22 18:20:01 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	613c3f3e95	✅ Test all HTTP methods	2018-12-22 18:18:19 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	bf6d923ca8	➕ Add ujson for local development	2018-12-22 17:23:51 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	252188c686	✅ Update tests for HTML content and remove unneeded tests	2018-12-22 17:23:04 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	510fec9bee	♻️ Refactor jsonable_encoder and test it with nested arbitrary classes	2018-12-22 17:15:04 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a73709507c	✅ Add docs, tests and fixes for extra data types including refactor of jsonable_encoder to allow other object and model types	2018-12-22 14:35:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	75407b9295	🚨 Fix mypy type errors	2018-12-22 09:05:13 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	3180f35bdd	✅ Fix OpenAPI test for body schema	2018-12-22 09:00:58 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	d498b7feb3	✅ Add tests for response_model	2018-12-22 08:54:52 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	3269e6a95c	✅ Test custom responses	2018-12-22 08:47:44 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	f1808de18e	✅ Add tests for form and files	2018-12-22 08:39:26 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	748dc375db	🐛 Fix Form and File params must always be embeded and add tests for forms and files	2018-12-22 08:24:48 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b38fb937b0	🔇 Remove debugging prints	2018-12-22 08:21:02 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	23ef570bf6	✅ Add test-cov-html script for local coverage analysis and debugging	2018-12-22 07:42:24 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	c25a71e352	🐛 Re-implement check for body as a workaround while encode/starlette#287 is merged	2018-12-22 07:40:56 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	0c5e684ff9	📝 Add Project Generation section	2018-12-21 20:27:03 +04:00