📝 Update release notes

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ jobs:
             - docs/**
             - docs_src/**
             - requirements-docs.txt
+            - .github/workflows/build-docs.yml
+            - .github/workflows/deploy-docs.yml
   langs:
     needs:
       - changes
@@ -55,6 +57,8 @@ jobs:
           pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
           pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/griffe-typing-deprecated.git
           pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/mkdocstrings-python.git
+      - name: Verify README
+        run: python ./scripts/docs.py verify-readme
       - name: Export Language Codes
         id: show-langs
         run: |

.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml

@@ -34,9 +34,12 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled == 'true' }}
         with:
           limit-access-to-actor: true
-      - uses: docker://tiangolo/latest-changes:0.0.3
+      - uses: docker://tiangolo/latest-changes:0.2.0
+      # - uses: tiangolo/latest-changes@main
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           latest_changes_file: docs/en/docs/release-notes.md
-          latest_changes_header: '## Latest Changes\n\n'
+          latest_changes_header: '## Latest Changes'
+          end_regex: '^## '
           debug_logs: true
+          label_header_prefix: '### '

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-pydantic-v2-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v06
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-pydantic-v2-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v07
       - name: Install Dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install -r requirements-tests.txt
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ matrix.pydantic-version }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v06
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ matrix.pydantic-version }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v07
       - name: Install Dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install -r requirements-tests.txt

README.md

@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@ The key features are:
 
 <a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://platform.sh/try-it-now/?utm_source=fastapi-signup&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=FastAPI-signup-June-2023" target="_blank" title="Build, run and scale your apps on a modern, reliable, and secure PaaS."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/platform-sh.png"></a>
-<a href="https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge" target="_blank" title="Fern | SDKs and API docs"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/fern.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.porter.run" target="_blank" title="Deploy FastAPI on AWS with a few clicks"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/porter.png"></a>
 <a href="https://bump.sh/fastapi?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=sponsor" target="_blank" title="Automate FastAPI documentation generation with Bump.sh"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/bump-sh.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://reflex.dev" target="_blank" title="Reflex"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/reflex.png"></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/scalar/scalar/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge" target="_blank" title="Scalar: Beautiful Open-Source API References from Swagger/OpenAPI files"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/scalar.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge" target="_blank" title="Auth, user management and more for your B2B product"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png"></a>
 <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses" target="_blank" title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
 <a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" target="_blank" title="Learn to build high-quality web apps with best practices"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg"></a>
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ The key features are:
 <a href="https://databento.com/" target="_blank" title="Pay as you go for market data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/databento.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://speakeasyapi.dev?utm_source=fastapi+repo&utm_medium=github+sponsorship" target="_blank" title="SDKs for your API | Speakeasy"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/speakeasy.png"></a>
 <a href="https://www.svix.com/" target="_blank" title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.codacy.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsors&utm_id=pioneers" target="_blank" title="Take code reviews from hours to minutes"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/codacy.png"></a>
 
 <!-- /sponsors -->
 

docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@@ -5,15 +5,21 @@ gold:
   - url: https://platform.sh/try-it-now/?utm_source=fastapi-signup&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=FastAPI-signup-June-2023
     title: "Build, run and scale your apps on a modern, reliable, and secure PaaS."
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/platform-sh.png
-  - url: https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge
-    title: Fern | SDKs and API docs
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/fern.svg
   - url: https://www.porter.run
     title: Deploy FastAPI on AWS with a few clicks
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/porter.png
   - url: https://bump.sh/fastapi?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=sponsor
     title: Automate FastAPI documentation generation with Bump.sh
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/bump-sh.svg
+  - url: https://reflex.dev
+    title: Reflex
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/reflex.png
+  - url: https://github.com/scalar/scalar/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge
+    title: "Scalar: Beautiful Open-Source API References from Swagger/OpenAPI files"
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/scalar.svg
+  - url: https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge
+    title: Auth, user management and more for your B2B product
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png
 silver:
   - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
     title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
@@ -39,6 +45,9 @@ silver:
   - url: https://www.svix.com/
     title: Svix - Webhooks as a service
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg
+  - url: https://www.codacy.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsors&utm_id=pioneers
+    title: Take code reviews from hours to minutes
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/codacy.png
 bronze:
   - url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source
     title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy.

docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml

@@ -21,3 +21,5 @@ logins:
   - fern-api
   - ndimares
   - svixhq
+  - Alek99
+  - codacy

docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md

@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ Some of them also ✨ [**sponsor FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-autho
 
 And it shows their true commitment to FastAPI and its **community** (you), as they not only want to provide you a **good service** but also want to make sure you have a **good and healthy framework**, FastAPI. 🙇
 
-You might want to try their services and follow their guides:
+For example, you might want to try <a href="https://speakeasyapi.dev/?utm_source=fastapi+repo&utm_medium=github+sponsorship" class="external-link" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>.
 
-* <a href="https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=docs-generate-clients" class="external-link" target="_blank">Fern</a>
-* <a href="https://speakeasyapi.dev/?utm_source=fastapi+repo&utm_medium=github+sponsorship" class="external-link" target="_blank">Speakeasy</a>
+There are also several other companies offering similar services that you can search and find online. 🤓
 
 ## Generate a TypeScript Frontend Client
 
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ It could look like this:
   "description": "",
   "main": "index.js",
   "scripts": {
-    "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios"
+    "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes"
   },
   "author": "",
   "license": "",
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ After having that NPM `generate-client` script there, you can run it with:
 $ npm run generate-client
 
 frontend-app@1.0.0 generate-client /home/user/code/frontend-app
-> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios
+> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes
 ```
 
 </div>
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ Now as the end result is in a file `openapi.json`, you would modify the `package
   "description": "",
   "main": "index.js",
   "scripts": {
-    "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios"
+    "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes"
   },
   "author": "",
   "license": "",

docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -119,8 +119,6 @@ That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for
 
     These two were chosen for being fairly popular and stable, but doing a quick search, you could find dozens of additional alternative user interfaces for OpenAPI (that you can use with **FastAPI**).
 
-    For example, you could try <a href="https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=docs-alternatives" class="external-link" target="_blank">Fern</a> which is also a FastAPI sponsor. 😎🎉
-
 ### Flask REST frameworks
 
 There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -7,13 +7,37 @@ hide:
 
 ## Latest Changes
 
+## 0.105.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for multiple Annotated annotations, e.g. `Annotated[str, Field(), Query()]`. PR [#10773](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10773) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Refactors
+
+* 🔥 Remove unused NoneType. PR [#10774](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10774) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Tweak default suggested configs for generating clients. PR [#10736](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10736) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Scalar. PR [#10728](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10728) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, add PropelAuth. PR [#10760](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10760) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Update build docs, verify README on CI. PR [#10750](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10750) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Fern. PR [#10729](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10729) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Codacy. PR [#10677](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10677) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Reflex. PR [#10676](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10676) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Update release notes, move and check latest-changes. PR [#10588](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10588) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Upgrade latest-changes GitHub Action. PR [#10587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
 
 ## 0.104.1
 
 ### Fixes
 
 * 📌 Pin Swagger UI version to 5.9.0 temporarily to handle a bug crashing it in 5.9.1. PR [#10529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10529) by [@alejandraklachquin](https://github.com/alejandraklachquin).
-    * This is not really a bug in FastAPI but in Swagger UI, nevertheless pinning the version will work while a soulution is found on the [Swagger UI side](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/issues/9337).
+    * This is not really a bug in FastAPI but in Swagger UI, nevertheless pinning the version will work while a solution is found on the [Swagger UI side](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/issues/9337).
 
 ### Docs
 

docs/en/overrides/main.html

@@ -34,12 +34,6 @@
         <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/platform-sh-banner.png" />
       </a>
     </div>
-    <div class="item">
-      <a title="Fern | SDKs and API docs" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://www.buildwithfern.com/?utm_source=tiangolo&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=top-banner" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/fern-banner.svg" />
-      </a>
-    </div>
     <div class="item">
       <a title="Deploy FastAPI on AWS with a few clicks" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://www.porter.run" target="_blank">
         <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
@@ -52,6 +46,24 @@
         <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/bump-sh-banner.svg" />
       </a>
     </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="Reflex" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://reflex.dev" target="_blank">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/reflex-banner.png" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="Scalar: Beautiful Open-Source API References from Swagger/OpenAPI files" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://github.com/scalar/scalar/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=top-banner" target="_blank">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/scalar-banner.svg" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="Auth, user management and more for your B2B product" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=topbanner" target="_blank">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/propelauth-banner.png" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
   </div>
 </div>
 {% endblock %}

fastapi/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""
 
-__version__ = "0.104.1"
+__version__ = "0.105.0"
 
 from starlette import status as status
 

fastapi/_compat.py

@@ -249,7 +249,12 @@ if PYDANTIC_V2:
         return is_bytes_sequence_annotation(field.type_)
 
     def copy_field_info(*, field_info: FieldInfo, annotation: Any) -> FieldInfo:
-        return type(field_info).from_annotation(annotation)
+        cls = type(field_info)
+        merged_field_info = cls.from_annotation(annotation)
+        new_field_info = copy(field_info)
+        new_field_info.metadata = merged_field_info.metadata
+        new_field_info.annotation = merged_field_info.annotation
+        return new_field_info
 
     def serialize_sequence_value(*, field: ModelField, value: Any) -> Sequence[Any]:
         origin_type = (

fastapi/dependencies/utils.py

@@ -325,10 +325,11 @@ def analyze_param(
     field_info = None
     depends = None
     type_annotation: Any = Any
-    if (
-        annotation is not inspect.Signature.empty
-        and get_origin(annotation) is Annotated
-    ):
+    use_annotation: Any = Any
+    if annotation is not inspect.Signature.empty:
+        use_annotation = annotation
+        type_annotation = annotation
+    if get_origin(use_annotation) is Annotated:
         annotated_args = get_args(annotation)
         type_annotation = annotated_args[0]
         fastapi_annotations = [
@@ -336,14 +337,21 @@ def analyze_param(
             for arg in annotated_args[1:]
             if isinstance(arg, (FieldInfo, params.Depends))
         ]
-        assert (
-            len(fastapi_annotations) <= 1
-        ), f"Cannot specify multiple `Annotated` FastAPI arguments for {param_name!r}"
-        fastapi_annotation = next(iter(fastapi_annotations), None)
+        fastapi_specific_annotations = [
+            arg
+            for arg in fastapi_annotations
+            if isinstance(arg, (params.Param, params.Body, params.Depends))
+        ]
+        if fastapi_specific_annotations:
+            fastapi_annotation: Union[
+                FieldInfo, params.Depends, None
+            ] = fastapi_specific_annotations[-1]
+        else:
+            fastapi_annotation = None
         if isinstance(fastapi_annotation, FieldInfo):
             # Copy `field_info` because we mutate `field_info.default` below.
             field_info = copy_field_info(
-                field_info=fastapi_annotation, annotation=annotation
+                field_info=fastapi_annotation, annotation=use_annotation
             )
             assert field_info.default is Undefined or field_info.default is Required, (
                 f"`{field_info.__class__.__name__}` default value cannot be set in"
@@ -356,8 +364,6 @@ def analyze_param(
                 field_info.default = Required
         elif isinstance(fastapi_annotation, params.Depends):
             depends = fastapi_annotation
-    elif annotation is not inspect.Signature.empty:
-        type_annotation = annotation
 
     if isinstance(value, params.Depends):
         assert depends is None, (
@@ -402,15 +408,15 @@ def analyze_param(
             # We might check here that `default_value is Required`, but the fact is that the same
             # parameter might sometimes be a path parameter and sometimes not. See
             # `tests/test_infer_param_optionality.py` for an example.
-            field_info = params.Path(annotation=type_annotation)
+            field_info = params.Path(annotation=use_annotation)
         elif is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(
             type_annotation
         ) or is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(type_annotation):
-            field_info = params.File(annotation=type_annotation, default=default_value)
+            field_info = params.File(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
         elif not field_annotation_is_scalar(annotation=type_annotation):
-            field_info = params.Body(annotation=type_annotation, default=default_value)
+            field_info = params.Body(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
         else:
-            field_info = params.Query(annotation=type_annotation, default=default_value)
+            field_info = params.Query(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value)
 
     field = None
     if field_info is not None:
@@ -424,8 +430,8 @@ def analyze_param(
             and getattr(field_info, "in_", None) is None
         ):
             field_info.in_ = params.ParamTypes.query
-        use_annotation = get_annotation_from_field_info(
-            type_annotation,
+        use_annotation_from_field_info = get_annotation_from_field_info(
+            use_annotation,
             field_info,
             param_name,
         )
@@ -436,7 +442,7 @@ def analyze_param(
         field_info.alias = alias
         field = create_response_field(
             name=param_name,
-            type_=use_annotation,
+            type_=use_annotation_from_field_info,
             default=field_info.default,
             alias=alias,
             required=field_info.default in (Required, Undefined),
@@ -466,16 +472,17 @@ def is_body_param(*, param_field: ModelField, is_path_param: bool) -> bool:
 
 
 def add_param_to_fields(*, field: ModelField, dependant: Dependant) -> None:
-    field_info = cast(params.Param, field.field_info)
-    if field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.path:
+    field_info = field.field_info
+    field_info_in = getattr(field_info, "in_", None)
+    if field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.path:
         dependant.path_params.append(field)
-    elif field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.query:
+    elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.query:
         dependant.query_params.append(field)
-    elif field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.header:
+    elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.header:
         dependant.header_params.append(field)
     else:
         assert (
-            field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.cookie
+            field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.cookie
         ), f"non-body parameters must be in path, query, header or cookie: {field.name}"
         dependant.cookie_params.append(field)
 

fastapi/types.py

@@ -6,6 +6,5 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 DecoratedCallable = TypeVar("DecoratedCallable", bound=Callable[..., Any])
 UnionType = getattr(types, "UnionType", Union)
-NoneType = getattr(types, "UnionType", None)
 ModelNameMap = Dict[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]], str]
 IncEx = Union[Set[int], Set[str], Dict[int, Any], Dict[str, Any]]

tests/test_ambiguous_params.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import pytest
 from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Path
 from fastapi.param_functions import Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from fastapi.utils import PYDANTIC_V2
 from typing_extensions import Annotated
 
 app = FastAPI()
@@ -28,18 +30,13 @@ def test_no_annotated_defaults():
             pass  # pragma: nocover
 
 
-def test_no_multiple_annotations():
+def test_multiple_annotations():
     async def dep():
         pass  # pragma: nocover
 
-    with pytest.raises(
-        AssertionError,
-        match="Cannot specify multiple `Annotated` FastAPI arguments for 'foo'",
-    ):
-
-        @app.get("/")
-        async def get(foo: Annotated[int, Query(min_length=1), Query()]):
-            pass  # pragma: nocover
+    @app.get("/multi-query")
+    async def get(foo: Annotated[int, Query(gt=2), Query(lt=10)]):
+        return foo
 
     with pytest.raises(
         AssertionError,
@@ -64,3 +61,15 @@ def test_no_multiple_annotations():
         @app.get("/")
         async def get3(foo: Annotated[int, Query(min_length=1)] = Depends(dep)):
             pass  # pragma: nocover
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/multi-query", params={"foo": "5"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == 5
+
+    response = client.get("/multi-query", params={"foo": "123"})
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+    if PYDANTIC_V2:
+        response = client.get("/multi-query", params={"foo": "1"})
+        assert response.status_code == 422

tests/test_annotated.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ foo_is_short = {
             {
                 "ctx": {"min_length": 1},
                 "loc": ["query", "foo"],
-                "msg": "String should have at least 1 characters",
+                "msg": "String should have at least 1 character",
                 "type": "string_too_short",
                 "input": "",
                 "url": match_pydantic_error_url("string_too_short"),