🔖 Release version 0.112.3

* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate

updates:
- [github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit: v0.6.2 → v0.6.3](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit/compare/v0.6.2...v0.6.3)

* bump ruff as well

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sofie Van Landeghem <svlandeg@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: svlandeg <svlandeg@github.com>

.github/actions/people/app/main.py

@@ -515,9 +515,9 @@ def get_individual_sponsors(settings: Settings):
 
     tiers: DefaultDict[float, Dict[str, SponsorEntity]] = defaultdict(dict)
     for node in nodes:
-        tiers[node.tier.monthlyPriceInDollars][
-            node.sponsorEntity.login
-        ] = node.sponsorEntity
+        tiers[node.tier.monthlyPriceInDollars][node.sponsorEntity.login] = (
+            node.sponsorEntity
+        )
     return tiers
 
 

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ docs:
       - all-globs-to-all-files:
         - '!fastapi/**'
         - '!pyproject.toml'
+        - '!docs/en/data/sponsors.yml'
+        - '!docs/en/overrides/main.html'
 
 lang-all:
   - all:
@@ -28,6 +30,8 @@ internal:
         - .pre-commit-config.yaml
         - pdm_build.py
         - requirements*.txt
+        - docs/en/data/sponsors.yml
+        - docs/en/overrides/main.html
       - all-globs-to-all-files:
         - '!docs/*/docs/**'
         - '!fastapi/**'

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: docs-site-${{ matrix.lang }}
           path: ./site/**
+          include-hidden-files: true
 
   # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/alls-green#why
   docs-all-green:  # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection

.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled == 'true' }}
         with:
           limit-access-to-actor: true
-      - uses: docker://tiangolo/latest-changes:0.3.0
-      # - uses: tiangolo/latest-changes@main
+      - uses: tiangolo/latest-changes@0.3.1
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           latest_changes_file: docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE: ${{ matrix.package }}
         run: python -m build
       - name: Publish
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.9.0
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.10.1
       - name: Dump GitHub context
         env:
           GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: coverage-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.pydantic-version }}
           path: coverage
+          include-hidden-files: true
 
   coverage-combine:
     needs: [test]
@@ -117,12 +118,13 @@ jobs:
       - run: ls -la coverage
       - run: coverage combine coverage
       - run: coverage report
-      - run: coverage html --show-contexts --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}"
+      - run: coverage html --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}"
       - name: Store coverage HTML
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: coverage-html
           path: htmlcov
+          include-hidden-files: true
 
   # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/alls-green#why
   check:  # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection

.gitignore

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ __pycache__
 htmlcov
 dist
 site
-.coverage
+.coverage*
 coverage.xml
 .netlify
 test.db

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ default_language_version:
     python: python3.10
 repos:
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.4.0
+    rev: v4.6.0
     hooks:
     -   id: check-added-large-files
     -   id: check-toml
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ repos:
         -   --unsafe
     -   id: end-of-file-fixer
     -   id: trailing-whitespace
--   repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.2.0
+-   repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.6.3
     hooks:
     -   id: ruff
         args:

README.md

@@ -52,9 +52,8 @@ The key features are:
 <a href="https://bump.sh/fastapi?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=sponsor" target="_blank" title="Automate FastAPI documentation generation with Bump.sh"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/bump-sh.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/scalar/scalar/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge" target="_blank" title="Scalar: Beautiful Open-Source API References from Swagger/OpenAPI files"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/scalar.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge" target="_blank" title="Auth, user management and more for your B2B product"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png"></a>
-<a href="https://docs.withcoherence.com/configuration/frameworks/?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=docs#fastapi-example" target="_blank" title="Coherence"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/coherence.png"></a>
+<a href="https://docs.withcoherence.com/coherence-templates/full-stack-template/#fastapi?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=docs" target="_blank" title="Coherence"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/coherence.png"></a>
 <a href="https://www.mongodb.com/developer/languages/python/python-quickstart-fastapi/?utm_campaign=fastapi_framework&utm_source=fastapi_sponsorship&utm_medium=web_referral" target="_blank" title="Simplify Full Stack Development with FastAPI & MongoDB"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/mongodb.png"></a>
-<a href="https://konghq.com/products/kong-konnect?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_campaign=platform&utm_content=fast-api" target="_blank" title="Kong Konnect - API management platform"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/kong.png"></a>
 <a href="https://zuplo.link/fastapi-gh" target="_blank" title="Zuplo: Scale, Protect, Document, and Monetize your FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/zuplo.png"></a>
 <a href="https://fine.dev?ref=fastapibadge" target="_blank" title="Fine's AI FastAPI Workflow: Effortlessly Deploy and Integrate FastAPI into Your Project"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/fine.png"></a>
 <a href="https://liblab.com?utm_source=fastapi" target="_blank" title="liblab - Generate SDKs from FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/liblab.png"></a>
@@ -132,6 +131,8 @@ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 
 ## Installation
 
+Create and activate a <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/virtual-environments/" class="external-link" target="_blank">virtual environment</a> and then install FastAPI:
+
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
@@ -392,7 +393,7 @@ Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
 * Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
     * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
     * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
-* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
+* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, read the body as JSON:
     * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
     * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
     * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
@@ -462,7 +463,7 @@ When you install FastAPI with `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` it comes the `st
 
 Used by Pydantic:
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - for email validation.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email-validator</code></a> - for email validation.
 
 Used by Starlette:
 

docs/az/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
----
-hide:
-  - navigation
----
-
-# FastAPI İnsanlar
-
-FastAPI-ın bütün mənşəli insanları qəbul edən heyrətamiz icması var.
-
-
-
-## Yaradıcı - İcraçı
-
-Salam! 👋
-
-Bu mənəm:
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.maintainers %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Cavablar: {{ user.answers }}</div><div class="count">Pull Request-lər: {{ user.prs }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-Mən **FastAPI**-ın yaradıcısı və icraçısıyam. Əlavə məlumat almaq üçün [Yardım FastAPI - Yardım alın - Müəlliflə əlaqə qurun](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank} səhifəsinə baxa bilərsiniz.
-
-...Burada isə sizə icmanı göstərmək istəyirəm.
-
----
-
-**FastAPI** icmadan çoxlu dəstək alır və mən onların əməyini vurğulamaq istəyirəm.
-
-Bu insanlar:
-
-* [GitHub-da başqalarının suallarına kömək edirlər](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-* [Pull Request-lər yaradırlar](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-* Pull Request-ləri ([xüsusilə tərcümələr üçün vacib olan](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.) nəzərdən keçirirlər.
-
-Bu insanlara təşəkkür edirəm. 👏 🙇
-
-## Keçən ayın ən fəal istifadəçiləri
-
-Bu istifadəçilər keçən ay [GitHub-da başqalarının suallarına](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} ən çox kömək edənlərdir. ☕
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.last_month_experts[:10] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Cavablandırılmış suallar: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## Mütəxəssislər
-
-Burada **FastAPI Mütəxəssisləri** var. 🤓
-
-Bu istifadəçilər indiyə qədər [GitHub-da başqalarının suallarına](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} ən çox kömək edənlərdir.
-
-Onlar bir çox insanlara kömək edərək mütəxəssis olduqlarını sübut ediblər. ✨
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.experts[:50] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Cavablandırılmış suallar: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## Ən yaxşı əməkdaşlar
-
-Burada **Ən yaxşı əməkdaşlar** var. 👷
-
-Bu istifadəçilərin ən çox *birləşdirilmiş* [Pull Request-ləri var](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-Onlar mənbə kodu, sənədləmə, tərcümələr və s. barədə əmək göstərmişlər. 📦
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.top_contributors[:50] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Pull Request-lər: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-Bundan başqa bir neçə (yüzdən çox) əməkdaş var ki, onları <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/graphs/contributors" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI GitHub Əməkdaşlar səhifəsində</a> görə bilərsiniz. 👷
-
-## Ən çox rəy verənlər
-
-Bu istifadəçilər **ən çox rəy verənlər**dir.
-
-### Tərcümələr üçün rəylər
-
-Mən yalnız bir neçə dildə danışıram (və çox da yaxşı deyil 😅). Bu səbəbdən, rəy verənlər sənədlərin [**tərcümələrini təsdiqləmək üçün gücə malik olanlar**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}dır. Onlar olmadan, bir çox dilə tərcümə olunmuş sənədlər olmazdı.
-
----
-
-Başqalarının Pull Request-lərinə **Ən çox rəy verənlər** 🕵️ kodun, sənədlərin və xüsusilə də **tərcümələrin** keyfiyyətini təmin edirlər.
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.top_translations_reviewers[:50] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Rəylər: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## Sponsorlar
-
-Bunlar **Sponsorlar**dır. 😎
-
-Onlar mənim **FastAPI** (və digər) işlərimi əsasən <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Sponsorlar</a> vasitəsilə dəstəkləyirlər.
-
-{% if sponsors %}
-
-{% if sponsors.gold %}
-
-### Qızıl Sponsorlar
-
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-{% if sponsors.silver %}
-
-### Gümüş Sponsorlar
-
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-{% if sponsors.bronze %}
-
-### Bürünc Sponsorlar
-
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-{% endif %}
-
-### Fərdi Sponsorlar
-
-{% if github_sponsors %}
-{% for group in github_sponsors.sponsors %}
-
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-
-{% for user in group %}
-{% if user.login not in sponsors_badge.logins %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
-
-{% endif %}
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-## Məlumatlar haqqında - texniki detallar
-
-Bu səhifənin əsas məqsədi, icmanın başqalarına kömək etmək üçün göstərdiyi əməyi vurğulamaqdır.
-
-Xüsusilə də normalda daha az görünən və bir çox hallarda daha çətin olan, başqalarının suallarına kömək etmək və tərcümələrlə bağlı Pull Request-lərə rəy vermək kimi səy göstərmək.
-
-Bu səhifənin məlumatları hər ay hesablanır və siz <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">buradan mənbə kodunu</a> oxuya bilərsiniz.
-
-Burada sponsorların əməyini də vurğulamaq istəyirəm.
-
-Mən həmçinin alqoritmi, bölmələri, eşikləri və s. yeniləmək hüququnu da qoruyuram (hər ehtimala qarşı 🤷).

docs/az/docs/index.md

@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Müstəqil TechEmpower meyarları göstərir ki, Uvicorn üzərində işləyən
 
 Pydantic tərəfindən istifadə olunanlar:
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - e-poçtun yoxlanılması üçün.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email-validator</code></a> - e-poçtun yoxlanılması üçün.
 * <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/pydantic_settings/" target="_blank"><code>pydantic-settings</code></a> - parametrlərin idarə edilməsi üçün.
 * <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/extra_types/extra_types/" target="_blank"><code>pydantic-extra-types</code></a> - Pydantic ilə istifadə edilə bilən əlavə tiplər üçün.
 

docs/bn/docs/index.md

@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ item: Item
 
 Pydantic দ্বারা ব্যবহৃত:
 
-- <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - ইমেল যাচাইকরণের জন্য।
+- <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email-validator</code></a> - ইমেল যাচাইকরণের জন্য।
 
 স্টারলেট দ্বারা ব্যবহৃত:
 

docs/de/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Beachten Sie, dass die Testfunktion jetzt `async def` ist und nicht nur `def` wi
 
 Dann können wir einen `AsyncClient` mit der App erstellen und mit `await` asynchrone Requests an ihn senden.
 
-```Python hl_lines="9-10"
+```Python hl_lines="9-12"
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!}
 ```
 

docs/de/docs/advanced/middleware.md

@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ Es gibt viele andere ASGI-Middlewares.
 
 Zum Beispiel:
 
-* <a href="https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/guides/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Sentry</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorns `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/florimondmanca/msgpack-asgi" class="external-link" target="_blank">MessagePack</a>
 

docs/de/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
----
-hide:
-  - navigation
----
-
-# FastAPI Leute
-
-FastAPI hat eine großartige Gemeinschaft, die Menschen mit unterschiedlichstem Hintergrund willkommen heißt.
-
-## Erfinder - Betreuer
-
-Hey! 👋
-
-Das bin ich:
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.maintainers %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Answers: {{ user.answers }}</div><div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.prs }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-Ich bin der Erfinder und Betreuer von **FastAPI**. Sie können mehr darüber in [FastAPI helfen – Hilfe erhalten – Mit dem Autor vernetzen](help-fastapi.md#mit-dem-autor-vernetzen){.internal-link target=_blank} erfahren.
-
-... Aber hier möchte ich Ihnen die Gemeinschaft vorstellen.
-
----
-
-**FastAPI** erhält eine Menge Unterstützung aus der Gemeinschaft. Und ich möchte ihre Beiträge hervorheben.
-
-Das sind die Menschen, die:
-
-* [Anderen bei Fragen auf GitHub helfen](help-fastapi.md#anderen-bei-fragen-auf-github-helfen){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-* [<abbr title='Pull Request – „Zieh-Anfrage“: Geänderten Quellcode senden, mit dem Vorschlag, ihn mit dem aktuellen Quellcode zu verschmelzen'>Pull Requests</abbr> erstellen](help-fastapi.md#einen-pull-request-erstellen){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-* Pull Requests überprüfen (Review), [besonders wichtig für Übersetzungen](contributing.md#ubersetzungen){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-Eine Runde Applaus für sie. 👏 🙇
-
-## Aktivste Benutzer im letzten Monat
-
-Hier die Benutzer, die im letzten Monat am meisten [anderen mit Fragen auf Github](help-fastapi.md#anderen-bei-fragen-auf-github-helfen){.internal-link target=_blank} geholfen haben. ☕
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.last_month_active %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Fragen beantwortet: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## Experten
-
-Hier die **FastAPI-Experten**. 🤓
-
-Das sind die Benutzer, die *insgesamt* [anderen am meisten mit Fragen auf GitHub geholfen haben](help-fastapi.md#anderen-bei-fragen-auf-github-helfen){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-Sie haben bewiesen, dass sie Experten sind, weil sie vielen anderen geholfen haben. ✨
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.experts %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Fragen beantwortet: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## Top-Mitwirkende
-
-Hier sind die **Top-Mitwirkenden**. 👷
-
-Diese Benutzer haben [die meisten Pull Requests erstellt](help-fastapi.md#einen-pull-request-erstellen){.internal-link target=_blank} welche *<abbr title="Mergen – Zusammenführen: Unterschiedliche Versionen eines Quellcodes zusammenführen">gemerged</abbr>* wurden.
-
-Sie haben Quellcode, Dokumentation, Übersetzungen, usw. beigesteuert. 📦
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.top_contributors %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-Es gibt viele andere Mitwirkende (mehr als hundert), Sie können sie alle auf der <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/graphs/contributors" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI GitHub Contributors-Seite</a> sehen. 👷
-
-## Top-Rezensenten
-
-Diese Benutzer sind die **Top-Rezensenten**. 🕵️
-
-### Rezensionen für Übersetzungen
-
-Ich spreche nur ein paar Sprachen (und nicht sehr gut 😅). Daher bestätigen Reviewer [**Übersetzungen der Dokumentation**](contributing.md#ubersetzungen){.internal-link target=_blank}. Ohne sie gäbe es keine Dokumentation in mehreren anderen Sprachen.
-
----
-
-Die **Top-Reviewer** 🕵️ haben die meisten Pull Requests von anderen überprüft und stellen die Qualität des Codes, der Dokumentation und insbesondere der **Übersetzungen** sicher.
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.top_reviewers %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Reviews: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## Sponsoren
-
-Dies sind die **Sponsoren**. 😎
-
-Sie unterstützen meine Arbeit an **FastAPI** (und andere), hauptsächlich durch <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub-Sponsoren</a>.
-
-### Gold Sponsoren
-
-{% if sponsors %}
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-### Silber Sponsoren
-
-{% if sponsors %}
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-{% if people %}
-{% if people.sponsors_50 %}
-
-### Bronze Sponsoren
-
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.sponsors_50 %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-
-{% endif %}
-{% endif %}
-
-### Individuelle Sponsoren
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.sponsors %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## Über diese Daten - technische Details
-
-Der Hauptzweck dieser Seite ist es zu zeigen, wie die Gemeinschaft anderen hilft.
-
-Das beinhaltet auch Hilfe, die normalerweise weniger sichtbar und in vielen Fällen mühsamer ist, wie, anderen bei Problemen zu helfen und Pull Requests mit Übersetzungen zu überprüfen.
-
-Diese Daten werden jeden Monat berechnet, Sie können den <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Quellcode hier lesen</a>.
-
-Hier weise ich auch auf Beiträge von Sponsoren hin.
-
-Ich behalte mir auch das Recht vor, den Algorithmus, die Abschnitte, die Schwellenwerte usw. zu aktualisieren (nur für den Fall 🤷).

docs/de/docs/features.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ### Basiert auf offenen Standards
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> für die Erstellung von APIs, inklusive Deklarationen von <abbr title="auch genannt Endpunkte, Routen">Pfad</abbr>-<abbr title="gemeint sind HTTP-Methoden wie POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">Operationen</abbr>, Parametern, Body-Anfragen, Sicherheit, usw.
+* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> für die Erstellung von APIs, inklusive Deklarationen von <abbr title="auch genannt Endpunkte, Routen">Pfad</abbr>-<abbr title="gemeint sind HTTP-Methoden wie POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">Operationen</abbr>, Parametern, Requestbodys, Sicherheit, usw.
 * Automatische Dokumentation der Datenmodelle mit <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (da OpenAPI selbst auf JSON Schema basiert).
 * Um diese Standards herum entworfen, nach sorgfältigem Studium. Statt einer nachträglichen Schicht darüber.
 * Dies ermöglicht auch automatische **Client-Code-Generierung** in vielen Sprachen.

docs/de/docs/index.md

@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Um mehr darüber zu erfahren, siehe den Abschnitt <a href="https://fastapi.tiang
 
 Wird von Pydantic verwendet:
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - für E-Mail-Validierung.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email-validator</code></a> - für E-Mail-Validierung.
 * <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/pydantic_settings/" target="_blank"><code>pydantic-settings</code></a> - für die Verwaltung von Einstellungen.
 * <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/extra_types/extra_types/" target="_blank"><code>pydantic-extra-types</code></a> - für zusätzliche Typen, mit Pydantic zu verwenden.
 

docs/de/docs/tutorial/response-model.md

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Im Folgenden deklarieren wir ein `UserIn`-Modell; es enthält ein Klartext-Passw
 
 /// info
 
-Um `EmailStr` zu verwenden, installieren Sie zuerst <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email_validator`</a>.
+Um `EmailStr` zu verwenden, installieren Sie zuerst <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email-validator`</a>.
 
 Z. B. `pip install email-validator`
 oder `pip install pydantic[email]`.

docs/em/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ $ pytest
 
 ⤴️ 👥 💪 ✍ `AsyncClient` ⏮️ 📱, & 📨 🔁 📨 ⚫️, ⚙️ `await`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="9-10"
+```Python hl_lines="9-12"
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!}
 ```
 

docs/em/docs/advanced/middleware.md

@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ app.add_middleware(UnicornMiddleware, some_config="rainbow")
 
 🖼:
 
-* <a href="https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/asgi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">🔫</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/florimondmanca/msgpack-asgi" class="external-link" target="_blank">🇸🇲</a>
 

docs/em/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
----
-hide:
-  - navigation
----
-
-# FastAPI 👫👫
-
-FastAPI ✔️ 🎆 👪 👈 🙋 👫👫 ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🖥.
-
-## 👼 - 🐛
-
-🙋 ❗ 👶
-
-👉 👤:
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.maintainers %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">❔: {{ user.answers }}</div><div class="count">🚲 📨: {{ user.prs }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-👤 👼 &amp; 🐛 **FastAPI**. 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 👈 [ℹ FastAPI - 🤚 ℹ - 🔗 ⏮️ 📕](help-fastapi.md#_3){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-...✋️ 📥 👤 💚 🎦 👆 👪.
-
----
-
-**FastAPI** 📨 📚 🐕‍🦺 ⚪️➡️ 👪. &amp; 👤 💚 🎦 👫 💰.
-
-👫 👫👫 👈:
-
-* [ℹ 🎏 ⏮️ ❔ 📂](help-fastapi.md#i){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-* [✍ 🚲 📨](help-fastapi.md#_15){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-* 📄 🚲 📨, [✴️ ⚠ ✍](contributing.md#_9){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-👏 👫. 👶 👶
-
-## 🌅 🦁 👩‍💻 🏁 🗓️
-
-👫 👩‍💻 👈 ✔️ [🤝 🎏 🏆 ⏮️ ❔ 📂](help-fastapi.md#i){.internal-link target=_blank} ⏮️ 🏁 🗓️. 👶
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.last_month_experts[:10] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">❔ 📨: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## 🕴
-
-📥 **FastAPI 🕴**. 👶
-
-👫 👩‍💻 👈 ✔️ [ℹ 🎏 🏆 ⏮️ ❔ 📂](help-fastapi.md#i){.internal-link target=_blank} 🔘 *🌐 🕰*.
-
-👫 ✔️ 🎦 🕴 🤝 📚 🎏. 👶
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.experts[:50] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">❔ 📨: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## 🔝 👨‍🔬
-
-📥 **🔝 👨‍🔬**. 👶
-
-👉 👩‍💻 ✔️ [✍ 🏆 🚲 📨](help-fastapi.md#_15){.internal-link target=_blank} 👈 ✔️ *🔗*.
-
-👫 ✔️ 📉 ℹ 📟, 🧾, ✍, ♒️. 👶
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.top_contributors[:50] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">🚲 📨: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-📤 📚 🎏 👨‍🔬 (🌅 🌘 💯), 👆 💪 👀 👫 🌐 <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/graphs/contributors" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI 📂 👨‍🔬 📃</a>. 👶
-
-## 🔝 👨‍🔬
-
-👫 👩‍💻 **🔝 👨‍🔬**. 👶 👶
-
-### 📄 ✍
-
-👤 🕴 💬 👩‍❤‍👨 🇪🇸 (&amp; 🚫 📶 👍 👶). , 👨‍🔬 🕐 👈 ✔️ [**🏋️ ✔ ✍**](contributing.md#_9){.internal-link target=_blank} 🧾. 🍵 👫, 📤 🚫🔜 🧾 📚 🎏 🇪🇸.
-
----
-
-**🔝 👨‍🔬** 👶 👶 ✔️ 📄 🏆 🚲 📨 ⚪️➡️ 🎏, 🚚 🔆 📟, 🧾, &amp; ✴️, **✍**.
-
-{% if people %}
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-{% for user in people.top_translations_reviewers[:50] %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">📄: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-{% endif %}
-
-## 💰
-
-👫 **💰**. 👶
-
-👫 🔗 👇 👷 ⏮️ **FastAPI** (&amp; 🎏), ✴️ 🔘 <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">📂 💰</a>.
-
-{% if sponsors %}
-
-{% if sponsors.gold %}
-
-### 🌟 💰
-
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-{% if sponsors.silver %}
-
-### 🥇1st 💰
-
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-{% if sponsors.bronze %}
-
-### 🥈2nd 💰
-
-{% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%}
-<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-{% endif %}
-
-### 🎯 💰
-
-{% if github_sponsors %}
-{% for group in github_sponsors.sponsors %}
-
-<div class="user-list user-list-center">
-
-{% for user in group %}
-{% if user.login not in sponsors_badge.logins %}
-
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
-
-{% endif %}
-{% endfor %}
-
-</div>
-
-{% endfor %}
-{% endif %}
-
-## 🔃 📊 - 📡 ℹ
-
-👑 🎯 👉 📃 🎦 🎯 👪 ℹ 🎏.
-
-✴️ ✅ 🎯 👈 🛎 🌘 ⭐, &amp; 📚 💼 🌅 😩, 💖 🤝 🎏 ⏮️ ❔ &amp; ⚖ 🚲 📨 ⏮️ ✍.
-
-💽 ⚖ 🔠 🗓️, 👆 💪 ✍ <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">ℹ 📟 📥</a>.
-
-📥 👤 🎦 💰 ⚪️➡️ 💰.
-
-👤 🏦 ▶️️ ℹ 📊, 📄, ⚡, ♒️ (💼 🤷).

docs/em/docs/index.md

@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ item: Item
 
 ⚙️ Pydantic:
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - 📧 🔬.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email-validator</code></a> - 📧 🔬.
 
 ⚙️ 💃:
 

docs/em/docs/tutorial/response-model.md

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ FastAPI 🔜 ⚙️ 👉 `response_model` 🌐 💽 🧾, 🔬, ♒️. & **
 
 /// info
 
-⚙️ `EmailStr`, 🥇 ❎ <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email_validator`</a>.
+⚙️ `EmailStr`, 🥇 ❎ <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email-validator`</a>.
 
 🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install email-validator`
 ⚖️ `pip install pydantic[email]`.

docs/en/data/external_links.yml

@@ -264,6 +264,14 @@ Articles:
     author_link: https://devonray.com
     link: https://devonray.com/blog/deploying-a-fastapi-project-using-aws-lambda-aurora-cdk
     title: Deployment using Docker, Lambda, Aurora, CDK & GH Actions
+  - author: Shubhendra Kushwaha
+    author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/theshubhendra/
+    link: https://theshubhendra.medium.com/mastering-soft-delete-advanced-sqlalchemy-techniques-4678f4738947
+    title: 'Mastering Soft Delete: Advanced SQLAlchemy Techniques'
+  - author: Shubhendra Kushwaha
+    author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/theshubhendra/
+    link: https://theshubhendra.medium.com/role-based-row-filtering-advanced-sqlalchemy-techniques-733e6b1328f6
+    title: 'Role based row filtering: Advanced SQLAlchemy Techniques'
   German:
   - author: Marcel Sander (actidoo)
     author_link: https://www.actidoo.com

docs/en/data/members.yml

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 members:
 - login: tiangolo
-  avatar_url: https://github.com/tiangolo.png
+  avatar_url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1326112
   url: https://github.com/tiangolo
 - login: Kludex
-  avatar_url: https://github.com/Kludex.png
+  avatar_url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520
   url: https://github.com/Kludex
 - login: alejsdev
-  avatar_url: https://github.com/alejsdev.png
+  avatar_url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/90076947
   url: https://github.com/alejsdev
 - login: svlandeg
-  avatar_url: https://github.com/svlandeg.png
+  avatar_url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8796347
   url: https://github.com/svlandeg
 - login: estebanx64
-  avatar_url: https://github.com/estebanx64.png
+  avatar_url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10840422
   url: https://github.com/estebanx64
 - login: patrick91
-  avatar_url: https://github.com/patrick91.png
+  avatar_url: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/667029
   url: https://github.com/patrick91

docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@@ -17,15 +17,12 @@ gold:
   - url: https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge
     title: Auth, user management and more for your B2B product
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png
-  - url: https://docs.withcoherence.com/configuration/frameworks/?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=docs#fastapi-example
+  - url: https://docs.withcoherence.com/coherence-templates/full-stack-template/#fastapi?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=docs
     title: Coherence
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/coherence.png
   - url: https://www.mongodb.com/developer/languages/python/python-quickstart-fastapi/?utm_campaign=fastapi_framework&utm_source=fastapi_sponsorship&utm_medium=web_referral
     title: Simplify Full Stack Development with FastAPI & MongoDB
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/mongodb.png
-  - url: https://konghq.com/products/kong-konnect?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_campaign=platform&utm_content=fast-api
-    title: Kong Konnect - API management platform
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/kong.png
   - url: https://zuplo.link/fastapi-gh
     title: 'Zuplo: Scale, Protect, Document, and Monetize your FastAPI'
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/zuplo.png

docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Keep in mind that you have to return the `JSONResponse` directly.
 
 The `model` key is not part of OpenAPI.
 
-**FastAPI** will take the Pydantic model from there, generate the `JSON Schema`, and put it in the correct place.
+**FastAPI** will take the Pydantic model from there, generate the JSON Schema, and put it in the correct place.
 
 The correct place is:
 
@@ -251,5 +251,5 @@ For example:
 
 To see what exactly you can include in the responses, you can check these sections in the OpenAPI specification:
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.1.0.md#responsesObject" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI Responses Object</a>, it includes the `Response Object`.
-* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.1.0.md#responseObject" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI Response Object</a>, you can include anything from this directly in each response inside your `responses` parameter. Including `description`, `headers`, `content` (inside of this is that you declare different media types and JSON Schemas), and `links`.
+* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.1.0.md#responses-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI Responses Object</a>, it includes the `Response Object`.
+* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.1.0.md#response-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI Response Object</a>, you can include anything from this directly in each response inside your `responses` parameter. Including `description`, `headers`, `content` (inside of this is that you declare different media types and JSON Schemas), and `links`.

docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Note that the test function is now `async def` instead of just `def` as before w
 
 Then we can create an `AsyncClient` with the app, and send async requests to it, using `await`.
 
-```Python hl_lines="9-10"
+```Python hl_lines="9-12"
 {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ Now create that other file `routes.toml`:
 
 This file configures Traefik to use the path prefix `/api/v1`.
 
-And then it will redirect its requests to your Uvicorn running on `http://127.0.0.1:8000`.
+And then Traefik will redirect its requests to your Uvicorn running on `http://127.0.0.1:8000`.
 
 Now start Traefik:
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using `JSONResponse`.
 
 You can override it by returning a `Response` directly as seen in [Return a Response directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
-But if you return a `Response` directly, the data won't be automatically converted, and the documentation won't be automatically generated (for example, including the specific "media type", in the HTTP header `Content-Type` as part of the generated OpenAPI).
+But if you return a `Response` directly (or any subclass, like `JSONResponse`), the data won't be automatically converted (even if you declare a `response_model`), and the documentation won't be automatically generated (for example, including the specific "media type", in the HTTP header `Content-Type` as part of the generated OpenAPI).
 
-But you can also declare the `Response` that you want to be used, in the *path operation decorator*.
+But you can also declare the `Response` that you want to be used (e.g. any `Response` subclass), in the *path operation decorator* using the `response_class` parameter.
 
 The contents that you return from your *path operation function* will be put inside of that `Response`.
 
@@ -255,11 +255,11 @@ This includes many libraries to interact with cloud storage, video processing, a
 
 1. This is the generator function. It's a "generator function" because it contains `yield` statements inside.
 2. By using a `with` block, we make sure that the file-like object is closed after the generator function is done. So, after it finishes sending the response.
-3. This `yield from` tells the function to iterate over that thing named `file_like`. And then, for each part iterated, yield that part as coming from this generator function.
+3. This `yield from` tells the function to iterate over that thing named `file_like`. And then, for each part iterated, yield that part as coming from this generator function (`iterfile`).
 
     So, it is a generator function that transfers the "generating" work to something else internally.
 
-    By doing it this way, we can put it in a `with` block, and that way, ensure that it is closed after finishing.
+    By doing it this way, we can put it in a `with` block, and that way, ensure that the file-like object is closed after finishing.
 
 /// tip
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md

@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ The middleware will handle both standard and streaming responses.
 The following arguments are supported:
 
 * `minimum_size` - Do not GZip responses that are smaller than this minimum size in bytes. Defaults to `500`.
+* `compresslevel` - Used during GZip compression. It is an integer ranging from 1 to 9. Defaults to `9`. Lower value results in faster compression but larger file sizes, while higher value results in slower compression but smaller file sizes.
 
 ## Other middlewares
 
@@ -95,7 +96,6 @@ There are many other ASGI middlewares.
 
 For example:
 
-* <a href="https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/guides/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Sentry</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn's `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/florimondmanca/msgpack-asgi" class="external-link" target="_blank">MessagePack</a>
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you
 
 /// tip
 
-The `callback_url` query parameter uses a Pydantic <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/#urls" class="external-link" target="_blank">URL</a> type.
+The `callback_url` query parameter uses a Pydantic <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Url</a> type.
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/response-directly.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ This gives you a lot of flexibility. You can return any data type, override any
 
 ## Using the `jsonable_encoder` in a `Response`
 
-Because **FastAPI** doesn't do any change to a `Response` you return, you have to make sure it's contents are ready for it.
+Because **FastAPI** doesn't do any change to a `Response` you return, you have to make sure its contents are ready for it.
 
 For example, you cannot put a Pydantic model in a `JSONResponse` without first converting it to a `dict` with all the data types (like `datetime`, `UUID`, etc) converted to JSON-compatible types.
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Now, let's see how you could use that to return a custom response.
 
 Let's say that you want to return an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" class="external-link" target="_blank">XML</a> response.
 
-You could put your XML content in a string, put it in a `Response`, and return it:
+You could put your XML content in a string, put that in a `Response`, and return it:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="1  18"
 {!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!}

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ Now update the dependency `get_current_user`.
 
 This is the one used by the dependencies above.
 
-Here's were we are using the same OAuth2 scheme we created before, declaring it as a dependency: `oauth2_scheme`.
+Here's where we are using the same OAuth2 scheme we created before, declaring it as a dependency: `oauth2_scheme`.
 
 Because this dependency function doesn't have any scope requirements itself, we can use `Depends` with `oauth2_scheme`, we don't have to use `Security` when we don't need to specify security scopes.
 
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ Here's how the hierarchy of dependencies and scopes looks like:
                         * This `security_scopes` parameter has a property `scopes` with a `list` containing all these scopes declared above, so:
                             * `security_scopes.scopes` will contain `["me", "items"]` for the *path operation* `read_own_items`.
                             * `security_scopes.scopes` will contain `["me"]` for the *path operation* `read_users_me`, because it is declared in the dependency `get_current_active_user`.
-                            * `security_scopes.scopes` will contain `[]` (nothing) for the *path operation* `read_system_status`, because it didn't declare any `Security` with `scopes`, and its dependency, `get_current_user`, doesn't declare any `scope` either.
+                            * `security_scopes.scopes` will contain `[]` (nothing) for the *path operation* `read_system_status`, because it didn't declare any `Security` with `scopes`, and its dependency, `get_current_user`, doesn't declare any `scopes` either.
 
 /// tip
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/settings.md

@@ -6,143 +6,25 @@ Most of these settings are variable (can change), like database URLs. And many c
 
 For this reason it's common to provide them in environment variables that are read by the application.
 
-## Environment Variables
-
 /// tip
 
-If you already know what "environment variables" are and how to use them, feel free to skip to the next section below.
+To understand environment variables you can read [Environment Variables](../environment-variables.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
 ///
 
-An <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable" class="external-link" target="_blank">environment variable</a> (also known as "env var") is a variable that lives outside of the Python code, in the operating system, and could be read by your Python code (or by other programs as well).
-
-You can create and use environment variables in the shell, without needing Python:
-
-//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-// You could create an env var MY_NAME with
-$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson"
-
-// Then you could use it with other programs, like
-$ echo "Hello $MY_NAME"
-
-Hello Wade Wilson
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
-//// tab | Windows PowerShell
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-// Create an env var MY_NAME
-$ $Env:MY_NAME = "Wade Wilson"
-
-// Use it with other programs, like
-$ echo "Hello $Env:MY_NAME"
-
-Hello Wade Wilson
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
-### Read env vars in Python
-
-You could also create environment variables outside of Python, in the terminal (or with any other method), and then read them in Python.
-
-For example you could have a file `main.py` with:
-
-```Python hl_lines="3"
-import os
-
-name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
-print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
-```
-
-/// tip
-
-The second argument to <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/os.html#os.getenv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`os.getenv()`</a> is the default value to return.
-
-If not provided, it's `None` by default, here we provide `"World"` as the default value to use.
-
-///
-
-Then you could call that Python program:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-// Here we don't set the env var yet
-$ python main.py
-
-// As we didn't set the env var, we get the default value
-
-Hello World from Python
-
-// But if we create an environment variable first
-$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson"
-
-// And then call the program again
-$ python main.py
-
-// Now it can read the environment variable
-
-Hello Wade Wilson from Python
-```
-
-</div>
-
-As environment variables can be set outside of the code, but can be read by the code, and don't have to be stored (committed to `git`) with the rest of the files, it's common to use them for configurations or settings.
-
-You can also create an environment variable only for a specific program invocation, that is only available to that program, and only for its duration.
-
-To do that, create it right before the program itself, on the same line:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-// Create an env var MY_NAME in line for this program call
-$ MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" python main.py
-
-// Now it can read the environment variable
-
-Hello Wade Wilson from Python
-
-// The env var no longer exists afterwards
-$ python main.py
-
-Hello World from Python
-```
-
-</div>
-
-/// tip
-
-You can read more about it at <a href="https://12factor.net/config" class="external-link" target="_blank">The Twelve-Factor App: Config</a>.
-
-///
-
-### Types and validation
+## Types and validation
 
 These environment variables can only handle text strings, as they are external to Python and have to be compatible with other programs and the rest of the system (and even with different operating systems, as Linux, Windows, macOS).
 
-That means that any value read in Python from an environment variable will be a `str`, and any conversion to a different type or validation has to be done in code.
+That means that any value read in Python from an environment variable will be a `str`, and any conversion to a different type or any validation has to be done in code.
 
 ## Pydantic `Settings`
 
-Fortunately, Pydantic provides a great utility to handle these settings coming from environment variables with <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/pydantic_settings/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic: Settings management</a>.
+Fortunately, Pydantic provides a great utility to handle these settings coming from environment variables with <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/pydantic_settings/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic: Settings management</a>.
 
 ### Install `pydantic-settings`
 
-First, install the `pydantic-settings` package:
+First, make sure you create your [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install the `pydantic-settings` package:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -411,7 +293,7 @@ And then update your `config.py` with:
 
 /// tip
 
-The `model_config` attribute is used just for Pydantic configuration. You can read more at <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/model_config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic Model Config</a>.
+The `model_config` attribute is used just for Pydantic configuration. You can read more at <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic: Concepts: Configuration</a>.
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md

@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ In this case, it will be mounted at the path `/subapi`:
 
 ### Check the automatic API docs
 
-Now, run `uvicorn` with the main app, if your file is `main.py`, it would be:
+Now, run the `fastapi` command with your file:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ uvicorn main:app --reload
+$ fastapi dev main.py
 
 <span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 ```

docs/en/docs/advanced/templates.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ There are utilities to configure it easily that you can use directly in your **F
 
 ## Install dependencies
 
-Install `jinja2`:
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and install `jinja2`:
 
 <div class="termy">
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ You can use <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets
 
 ## Install `WebSockets`
 
-First you need to install `WebSockets`:
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and install `websockets`:
 
 <div class="termy">
 

docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ It is the recommended server for Starlette and **FastAPI**.
 
 The main web server to run **FastAPI** applications.
 
-You can combine it with Gunicorn, to have an asynchronous multi-process server.
+You can also use the `--workers` command line option to have an asynchronous multi-process server.
 
 Check more details in the [Deployment](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} section.
 

docs/en/docs/async.md

@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ For example:
 
 ### Concurrency + Parallelism: Web + Machine Learning
 
-With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attraction of NodeJS).
+With **FastAPI** you can take advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attraction of NodeJS).
 
 But you can also exploit the benefits of parallelism and multiprocessing (having multiple processes running in parallel) for **CPU bound** workloads like those in Machine Learning systems.
 
@@ -369,6 +369,8 @@ In particular, you can directly use <a href="https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/sta
 
 And even if you were not using FastAPI, you could also write your own async applications with <a href="https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">AnyIO</a> to be highly compatible and get its benefits (e.g. *structured concurrency*).
 
+I created another library on top of AnyIO, as a thin layer on top, to improve a bit the type annotations and get better **autocompletion**, **inline errors**, etc. It also has a friendly introduction and tutorial to help you **understand** and write **your own async code**: <a href="https://asyncer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Asyncer</a>. It would be particularly useful if you need to **combine async code with regular** (blocking/synchronous) code.
+
 ### Other forms of asynchronous code
 
 This style of using `async` and `await` is relatively new in the language.
@@ -385,7 +387,7 @@ In previous versions of NodeJS / Browser JavaScript, you would have used "callba
 
 ## Coroutines
 
-**Coroutine** is just the very fancy term for the thing returned by an `async def` function. Python knows that it is something like a function that it can start and that it will end at some point, but that it might be paused ⏸ internally too, whenever there is an `await` inside of it.
+**Coroutine** is just the very fancy term for the thing returned by an `async def` function. Python knows that it is something like a function, that it can start and that it will end at some point, but that it might be paused ⏸ internally too, whenever there is an `await` inside of it.
 
 But all this functionality of using asynchronous code with `async` and `await` is many times summarized as using "coroutines". It is comparable to the main key feature of Go, the "Goroutines".
 

docs/en/docs/contributing.md

@@ -6,117 +6,13 @@ First, you might want to see the basic ways to [help FastAPI and get help](help-
 
 If you already cloned the <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">fastapi repository</a> and you want to deep dive in the code, here are some guidelines to set up your environment.
 
-### Virtual environment with `venv`
+### Virtual environment
 
-You can create an isolated virtual local environment in a directory using Python's `venv` module. Let's do this in the cloned repository (where the `requirements.txt` is):
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ python -m venv env
-```
-
-</div>
-
-That will create a directory `./env/` with the Python binaries, and then you will be able to install packages for that local environment.
-
-### Activate the environment
-
-Activate the new environment with:
-
-//// tab | Linux, macOS
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ source ./env/bin/activate
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
-//// tab | Windows PowerShell
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ .\env\Scripts\Activate.ps1
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
-//// tab | Windows Bash
-
-Or if you use Bash for Windows (e.g. <a href="https://gitforwindows.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Git Bash</a>):
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ source ./env/Scripts/activate
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
-To check it worked, use:
-
-//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ which pip
-
-some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
-//// tab | Windows PowerShell
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ Get-Command pip
-
-some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
-If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉
-
-Make sure you have the latest pip version on your local environment to avoid errors on the next steps:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-
----> 100%
-```
-
-</div>
-
-/// tip
-
-Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again.
-
-This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package, you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally.
-
-///
+Follow the instructions to create and activate a [virtual environment](virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank} for the internal code of `fastapi`.
 
 ### Install requirements using pip
 
-After activating the environment as described above:
+After activating the environment, install the required packages:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -160,7 +56,19 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh
 
 It will also auto-sort all your imports.
 
-For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `-e`.
+## Tests
+
+There is a script that you can run locally to test all the code and generate coverage reports in HTML:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh
+```
+
+</div>
+
+This command generates a directory `./htmlcov/`, if you open the file `./htmlcov/index.html` in your browser, you can explore interactively the regions of code that are covered by the tests, and notice if there is any region missing.
 
 ## Docs
 
@@ -262,7 +170,7 @@ If you run the examples with, e.g.:
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ uvicorn tutorial001:app --reload
+$ fastapi dev tutorial001.py
 
 <span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 ```
@@ -482,17 +390,3 @@ Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8008
     * Search for such links in the translated document using the regex `#[^# ]`.
     * Search in all documents already translated into your language for `your-translated-document.md`. For example VS Code has an option "Edit" -> "Find in Files".
     * When translating a document, do not "pre-translate" `#hash-parts` that link to headings in untranslated documents.
-
-## Tests
-
-There is a script that you can run locally to test all the code and generate coverage reports in HTML:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh
-```
-
-</div>
-
-This command generates a directory `./htmlcov/`, if you open the file `./htmlcov/index.html` in your browser, you can explore interactively the regions of code that are covered by the tests, and notice if there is any region missing.

docs/en/docs/deployment/cloud.md

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ You might want to try their services and follow their guides:
 
 * <a href="https://docs.platform.sh/languages/python.html?utm_source=fastapi-signup&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=FastAPI-signup-June-2023" class="external-link" target="_blank">Platform.sh</a>
 * <a href="https://docs.porter.run/language-specific-guides/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Porter</a>
-* <a href="https://docs.withcoherence.com/docs/configuration/frameworks?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=banner%20january%2024#fast-api-example" class="external-link" target="_blank">Coherence</a>
+* <a href="https://docs.withcoherence.com/coherence-templates/full-stack-template/#fastapi?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">Coherence</a>

docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ In most cases, when you create a web API, you want it to be **always running**,
 
 ### In a Remote Server
 
-When you set up a remote server (a cloud server, a virtual machine, etc.) the simplest thing you can do is to use `fastapi run`, Uvicorn (or similar) manually, the same way you do when developing locally.
+When you set up a remote server (a cloud server, a virtual machine, etc.) the simplest thing you can do is use `fastapi run` (which uses Uvicorn) or something  similar, manually, the same way you do when developing locally.
 
 And it will work and will be useful **during development**.
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ For example, this could be handled by:
 
 ## Replication - Processes and Memory
 
-With a FastAPI application, using a server program like Uvicorn, running it once in **one process** can serve multiple clients concurrently.
+With a FastAPI application, using a server program like the `fastapi` command that runs Uvicorn, running it once in **one process** can serve multiple clients concurrently.
 
 But in many cases, you will want to run several worker processes at the same time.
 
@@ -232,9 +232,7 @@ The main constraint to consider is that there has to be a **single** component h
 
 Here are some possible combinations and strategies:
 
-* **Gunicorn** managing **Uvicorn workers**
-    * Gunicorn would be the **process manager** listening on the **IP** and **port**, the replication would be by having **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**.
-* **Uvicorn** managing **Uvicorn workers**
+* **Uvicorn** with `--workers`
     * One Uvicorn **process manager** would listen on the **IP** and **port**, and it would start **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**.
 * **Kubernetes** and other distributed **container systems**
     * Something in the **Kubernetes** layer would listen on the **IP** and **port**. The replication would be by having **multiple containers**, each with **one Uvicorn process** running.

docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md

@@ -167,22 +167,22 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
 Now in the same project directory create a file `Dockerfile` with:
 
 ```{ .dockerfile .annotate }
-# (1)
+# (1)!
 FROM python:3.9
 
-# (2)
+# (2)!
 WORKDIR /code
 
-# (3)
+# (3)!
 COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
 
-# (4)
+# (4)!
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
 
-# (5)
+# (5)!
 COPY ./app /code/app
 
-# (6)
+# (6)!
 CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--port", "80"]
 ```
 
@@ -232,6 +232,38 @@ Review what each line does by clicking each number bubble in the code. 👆
 
 ///
 
+/// warning
+
+Make sure to **always** use the **exec form** of the `CMD` instruction, as explained below.
+
+///
+
+#### Use `CMD` - Exec Form
+
+The <a href="https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#cmd" class="external-link" target="_blank">`CMD`</a> Docker instruction can be written using two forms:
+
+✅ **Exec** form:
+
+```Dockerfile
+# ✅ Do this
+CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+⛔️ **Shell** form:
+
+```Dockerfile
+# ⛔️ Don't do this
+CMD fastapi run app/main.py --port 80
+```
+
+Make sure to always use the **exec** form to ensure that FastAPI can shutdown gracefully and [lifespan events](../advanced/events.md){.internal-link target=_blank} are triggered.
+
+You can read more about it in the <a href="https://docs.docker.com/reference/dockerfile/#shell-and-exec-form" class="external-link" target="_blank">Docker docs for shell and exec form</a>.
+
+This can be quite noticeable when using `docker compose`. See this Docker Compose FAQ section for more technical details: <a href="https://docs.docker.com/compose/faq/#why-do-my-services-take-10-seconds-to-recreate-or-stop" class="external-link" target="_blank">Why do my services take 10 seconds to recreate or stop?</a>.
+
+#### Directory Structure
+
 You should now have a directory structure like:
 
 ```
@@ -368,10 +400,10 @@ COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
 
 RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
 
-# (1)
+# (1)!
 COPY ./main.py /code/
 
-# (2)
+# (2)!
 CMD ["fastapi", "run", "main.py", "--port", "80"]
 ```
 
@@ -424,11 +456,11 @@ Without using containers, making applications run on startup and with restarts c
 
 ## Replication - Number of Processes
 
-If you have a <abbr title="A group of machines that are configured to be connected and work together in some way.">cluster</abbr> of machines with **Kubernetes**, Docker Swarm Mode, Nomad, or another similar complex system to manage distributed containers on multiple machines, then you will probably want to **handle replication** at the **cluster level** instead of using a **process manager** (like Gunicorn with workers) in each container.
+If you have a <abbr title="A group of machines that are configured to be connected and work together in some way.">cluster</abbr> of machines with **Kubernetes**, Docker Swarm Mode, Nomad, or another similar complex system to manage distributed containers on multiple machines, then you will probably want to **handle replication** at the **cluster level** instead of using a **process manager** (like Uvicorn with workers) in each container.
 
 One of those distributed container management systems like Kubernetes normally has some integrated way of handling **replication of containers** while still supporting **load balancing** for the incoming requests. All at the **cluster level**.
 
-In those cases, you would probably want to build a **Docker image from scratch** as [explained above](#dockerfile), installing your dependencies, and running **a single Uvicorn process** instead of running something like Gunicorn with Uvicorn workers.
+In those cases, you would probably want to build a **Docker image from scratch** as [explained above](#dockerfile), installing your dependencies, and running **a single Uvicorn process** instead of using multiple Uvicorn workers.
 
 ### Load Balancer
 
@@ -458,21 +490,38 @@ And normally this **load balancer** would be able to handle requests that go to
 
 In this type of scenario, you probably would want to have **a single (Uvicorn) process per container**, as you would already be handling replication at the cluster level.
 
-So, in this case, you **would not** want to have a process manager like Gunicorn with Uvicorn workers, or Uvicorn using its own Uvicorn workers. You would want to have just a **single Uvicorn process** per container (but probably multiple containers).
+So, in this case, you **would not** want to have a multiple workers in the container, for example with the `--workers` command line option.You would want to have just a **single Uvicorn process** per container (but probably multiple containers).
 
-Having another process manager inside the container (as would be with Gunicorn or Uvicorn managing Uvicorn workers) would only add **unnecessary complexity** that you are most probably already taking care of with your cluster system.
+Having another process manager inside the container (as would be with multiple workers) would only add **unnecessary complexity** that you are most probably already taking care of with your cluster system.
 
 ### Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases
 
-Of course, there are **special cases** where you could want to have **a container** with a **Gunicorn process manager** starting several **Uvicorn worker processes** inside.
+Of course, there are **special cases** where you could want to have **a container** with several **Uvicorn worker processes** inside.
 
-In those cases, you can use the **official Docker image** that includes **Gunicorn** as a process manager running multiple **Uvicorn worker processes**, and some default settings to adjust the number of workers based on the current CPU cores automatically. I'll tell you more about it below in [Official Docker Image with Gunicorn - Uvicorn](#official-docker-image-with-gunicorn-uvicorn).
+In those cases, you can use the `--workers` command line option to set the number of workers that you want to run:
+
+```{ .dockerfile .annotate }
+FROM python:3.9
+
+WORKDIR /code
+
+COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
+
+COPY ./app /code/app
+
+# (1)!
+CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--port", "80", "--workers", "4"]
+```
+
+1. Here we use the `--workers` command line option to set the number of workers to 4.
 
 Here are some examples of when that could make sense:
 
 #### A Simple App
 
-You could want a process manager in the container if your application is **simple enough** that you don't need (at least not yet) to fine-tune the number of processes too much, and you can just use an automated default (with the official Docker image), and you are running it on a **single server**, not a cluster.
+You could want a process manager in the container if your application is **simple enough** that can run it on a **single server**, not a cluster.
 
 #### Docker Compose
 
@@ -480,16 +529,6 @@ You could be deploying to a **single server** (not a cluster) with **Docker Comp
 
 Then you could want to have **a single container** with a **process manager** starting **several worker processes** inside.
 
-#### Prometheus and Other Reasons
-
-You could also have **other reasons** that would make it easier to have a **single container** with **multiple processes** instead of having **multiple containers** with **a single process** in each of them.
-
-For example (depending on your setup) you could have some tool like a Prometheus exporter in the same container that should have access to **each of the requests** that come.
-
-In this case, if you had **multiple containers**, by default, when Prometheus came to **read the metrics**, it would get the ones for **a single container each time** (for the container that handled that particular request), instead of getting the **accumulated metrics** for all the replicated containers.
-
-Then, in that case, it could be simpler to have **one container** with **multiple processes**, and a local tool (e.g. a Prometheus exporter) on the same container collecting Prometheus metrics for all the internal processes and exposing those metrics on that single container.
-
 ---
 
 The main point is, **none** of these are **rules written in stone** that you have to blindly follow. You can use these ideas to **evaluate your own use case** and decide what is the best approach for your system, checking out how to manage the concepts of:
@@ -509,7 +548,7 @@ And then you can set those same memory limits and requirements in your configura
 
 If your application is **simple**, this will probably **not be a problem**, and you might not need to specify hard memory limits. But if you are **using a lot of memory** (for example with **machine learning** models), you should check how much memory you are consuming and adjust the **number of containers** that runs in **each machine** (and maybe add more machines to your cluster).
 
-If you run **multiple processes per container** (for example with the official Docker image) you will have to make sure that the number of processes started doesn't **consume more memory** than what is available.
+If you run **multiple processes per container** you will have to make sure that the number of processes started doesn't **consume more memory** than what is available.
 
 ## Previous Steps Before Starting and Containers
 
@@ -529,80 +568,26 @@ If in your use case there's no problem in running those previous steps **multipl
 
 ### Single Container
 
-If you have a simple setup, with a **single container** that then starts multiple **worker processes** (or also just one process), then you could run those previous steps in the same container, right before starting the process with the app. The official Docker image supports this internally.
+If you have a simple setup, with a **single container** that then starts multiple **worker processes** (or also just one process), then you could run those previous steps in the same container, right before starting the process with the app.
 
-## Official Docker Image with Gunicorn - Uvicorn
+### Base Docker Image
 
-There is an official Docker image that includes Gunicorn running with Uvicorn workers, as detailed in a previous chapter: [Server Workers - Gunicorn with Uvicorn](server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+There used to be an official FastAPI Docker image: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>. But it is now deprecated. ⛔️
 
-This image would be useful mainly in the situations described above in: [Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases).
+You should probably **not** use this base Docker image (or any other similar one).
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.
+If you are using **Kubernetes** (or others) and you are already setting **replication** at the cluster level, with multiple **containers**. In those cases, you are better off **building an image from scratch** as described above: [Build a Docker Image for FastAPI](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi).
 
-/// warning
+And if you need to have multiple workers, you can simply use the `--workers` command line option.
 
-There's a high chance that you **don't** need this base image or any other similar one, and would be better off by building the image from scratch as [described above in: Build a Docker Image for FastAPI](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi).
+/// note | Technical Details
+
+The Docker image was created when Uvicorn didn't support managing and restarting dead workers, so it was needed to use Gunicorn with Uvicorn, which added quite some complexity, just to have Gunicorn manage and restart the Uvicorn worker processes.
+
+But now that Uvicorn (and the `fastapi` command) support using `--workers`, there's no reason to use a base Docker image instead of building your own (it's pretty much the same amount of code 😅).
 
 ///
 
-This image has an **auto-tuning** mechanism included to set the **number of worker processes** based on the CPU cores available.
-
-It has **sensible defaults**, but you can still change and update all the configurations with **environment variables** or configuration files.
-
-It also supports running <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker#pre_start_path" class="external-link" target="_blank">**previous steps before starting**</a> with a script.
-
-/// tip
-
-To see all the configurations and options, go to the Docker image page: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.
-
-///
-
-### Number of Processes on the Official Docker Image
-
-The **number of processes** on this image is **computed automatically** from the CPU **cores** available.
-
-This means that it will try to **squeeze** as much **performance** from the CPU as possible.
-
-You can also adjust it with the configurations using **environment variables**, etc.
-
-But it also means that as the number of processes depends on the CPU the container is running, the **amount of memory consumed** will also depend on that.
-
-So, if your application consumes a lot of memory (for example with machine learning models), and your server has a lot of CPU cores **but little memory**, then your container could end up trying to use more memory than what is available, and degrading performance a lot (or even crashing). 🚨
-
-### Create a `Dockerfile`
-
-Here's how you would create a `Dockerfile` based on this image:
-
-```Dockerfile
-FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9
-
-COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
-
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt
-
-COPY ./app /app
-```
-
-### Bigger Applications
-
-If you followed the section about creating [Bigger Applications with Multiple Files](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, your `Dockerfile` might instead look like:
-
-```Dockerfile hl_lines="7"
-FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9
-
-COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
-
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt
-
-COPY ./app /app/app
-```
-
-### When to Use
-
-You should probably **not** use this official base image (or any other similar one) if you are using **Kubernetes** (or others) and you are already setting **replication** at the cluster level, with multiple **containers**. In those cases, you are better off **building an image from scratch** as described above: [Build a Docker Image for FastAPI](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi).
-
-This image would be useful mainly in the special cases described above in [Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases). For example, if your application is **simple enough** that setting a default number of processes based on the CPU works well, you don't want to bother with manually configuring the replication at the cluster level, and you are not running more than one container with your app. Or if you are deploying with **Docker Compose**, running on a single server, etc.
-
 ## Deploy the Container Image
 
 After having a Container (Docker) Image there are several ways to deploy it.
@@ -615,98 +600,9 @@ For example:
 * With another tool like Nomad
 * With a cloud service that takes your container image and deploys it
 
-## Docker Image with Poetry
+## Docker Image with `uv`
 
-If you use <a href="https://python-poetry.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Poetry</a> to manage your project's dependencies, you could use Docker multi-stage building:
-
-```{ .dockerfile .annotate }
-# (1)
-FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage
-
-# (2)
-WORKDIR /tmp
-
-# (3)
-RUN pip install poetry
-
-# (4)
-COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/
-
-# (5)
-RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes
-
-# (6)
-FROM python:3.9
-
-# (7)
-WORKDIR /code
-
-# (8)
-COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
-
-# (9)
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
-
-# (10)
-COPY ./app /code/app
-
-# (11)
-CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--port", "80"]
-```
-
-1. This is the first stage, it is named `requirements-stage`.
-
-2. Set `/tmp` as the current working directory.
-
-    Here's where we will generate the file `requirements.txt`
-
-3. Install Poetry in this Docker stage.
-
-4. Copy the `pyproject.toml` and `poetry.lock` files to the `/tmp` directory.
-
-    Because it uses `./poetry.lock*` (ending with a `*`), it won't crash if that file is not available yet.
-
-5. Generate the `requirements.txt` file.
-
-6. This is the final stage, anything here will be preserved in the final container image.
-
-7. Set the current working directory to `/code`.
-
-8. Copy the `requirements.txt` file to the `/code` directory.
-
-    This file only lives in the previous Docker stage, that's why we use `--from-requirements-stage` to copy it.
-
-9. Install the package dependencies in the generated `requirements.txt` file.
-
-10. Copy the `app` directory to the `/code` directory.
-
-11. Use the `fastapi run` command to run your app.
-
-/// tip
-
-Click the bubble numbers to see what each line does.
-
-///
-
-A **Docker stage** is a part of a `Dockerfile` that works as a **temporary container image** that is only used to generate some files to be used later.
-
-The first stage will only be used to **install Poetry** and to **generate the `requirements.txt`** with your project dependencies from Poetry's `pyproject.toml` file.
-
-This `requirements.txt` file will be used with `pip` later in the **next stage**.
-
-In the final container image **only the final stage** is preserved. The previous stage(s) will be discarded.
-
-When using Poetry, it would make sense to use **Docker multi-stage builds** because you don't really need to have Poetry and its dependencies installed in the final container image, you **only need** to have the generated `requirements.txt` file to install your project dependencies.
-
-Then in the next (and final) stage you would build the image more or less in the same way as described before.
-
-### Behind a TLS Termination Proxy - Poetry
-
-Again, if you are running your container behind a TLS Termination Proxy (load balancer) like Nginx or Traefik, add the option `--proxy-headers` to the command:
-
-```Dockerfile
-CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--proxy-headers", "--port", "80"]
-```
+If you are using <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">uv</a> to install and manage your project, you can follow their <a href="https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/integration/docker/" class="external-link" target="_blank">uv Docker guide</a>.
 
 ## Recap
 
@@ -722,5 +618,3 @@ Using container systems (e.g. with **Docker** and **Kubernetes**) it becomes fai
 In most cases, you probably won't want to use any base image, and instead **build a container image from scratch** one based on the official Python Docker image.
 
 Taking care of the **order** of instructions in the `Dockerfile` and the **Docker cache** you can **minimize build times**, to maximize your productivity (and avoid boredom). 😎
-
-In certain special cases, you might want to use the official Docker image for FastAPI. 🤓

docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md

@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ There are several alternatives, including:
 * <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>: a high performance ASGI server.
 * <a href="https://hypercorn.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>: an ASGI server compatible with HTTP/2 and Trio among other features.
 * <a href="https://github.com/django/daphne" class="external-link" target="_blank">Daphne</a>: the ASGI server built for Django Channels.
+* <a href="https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian" class="external-link" target="_blank">Granian</a>: A Rust HTTP server for Python applications.
+* <a href="https://unit.nginx.org/howto/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">NGINX Unit</a>: NGINX Unit is a lightweight and versatile web application runtime.
 
 ## Server Machine and Server Program
 
@@ -82,11 +84,11 @@ When referring to the remote machine, it's common to call it **server**, but als
 
 When you install FastAPI, it comes with a production server, Uvicorn, and you can start it with the `fastapi run` command.
 
-But you can also install an ASGI server manually:
+But you can also install an ASGI server manually.
 
-//// tab | Uvicorn
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then you can install the server application.
 
-* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>, a lightning-fast ASGI server, built on uvloop and httptools.
+For example, to install Uvicorn:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -98,6 +100,8 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
 
 </div>
 
+A similar process would apply to any other ASGI server program.
+
 /// tip
 
 By adding the `standard`, Uvicorn will install and use some recommended extra dependencies.
@@ -108,32 +112,10 @@ When you install FastAPI with something like `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` y
 
 ///
 
-////
-
-//// tab | Hypercorn
-
-* <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>, an ASGI server also compatible with HTTP/2.
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ pip install hypercorn
-
----> 100%
-```
-
-</div>
-
-...or any other ASGI server.
-
-////
-
 ## Run the Server Program
 
 If you installed an ASGI server manually, you would normally need to pass an import string in a special format for it to import your FastAPI application:
 
-//// tab | Uvicorn
-
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
@@ -144,22 +126,6 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
 
 </div>
 
-////
-
-//// tab | Hypercorn
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80
-
-Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit)
-```
-
-</div>
-
-////
-
 /// note
 
 The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:
@@ -175,9 +141,11 @@ from main import app
 
 ///
 
+Each alternative ASGI server program would have a similar command, you can read more in their respective documentation.
+
 /// warning
 
-Uvicorn and others support a `--reload` option that is useful during development.
+Uvicorn and other servers support a `--reload` option that is useful during development.
 
 The `--reload` option consumes much more resources, is more unstable, etc.
 
@@ -185,43 +153,6 @@ It helps a lot during **development**, but you **shouldn't** use it in **product
 
 ///
 
-## Hypercorn with Trio
-
-Starlette and **FastAPI** are based on <a href="https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">AnyIO</a>, which makes them compatible with both Python's standard library <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">asyncio</a> and <a href="https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Trio</a>.
-
-Nevertheless, Uvicorn is currently only compatible with asyncio, and it normally uses <a href="https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop" class="external-link" target="_blank">`uvloop`</a>, the high-performance drop-in replacement for `asyncio`.
-
-But if you want to directly use **Trio**, then you can use **Hypercorn** as it supports it. ✨
-
-### Install Hypercorn with Trio
-
-First you need to install Hypercorn with Trio support:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ pip install "hypercorn[trio]"
----> 100%
-```
-
-</div>
-
-### Run with Trio
-
-Then you can pass the command line option `--worker-class` with the value `trio`:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ hypercorn main:app --worker-class trio
-```
-
-</div>
-
-And that will start Hypercorn with your app using Trio as the backend.
-
-Now you can use Trio internally in your app. Or even better, you can use AnyIO, to keep your code compatible with both Trio and asyncio. 🎉
-
 ## Deployment Concepts
 
 These examples run the server program (e.g Uvicorn), starting **a single process**, listening on all the IPs (`0.0.0.0`) on a predefined port (e.g. `80`).

docs/en/docs/deployment/server-workers.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Server Workers - Gunicorn with Uvicorn
+# Server Workers - Uvicorn with Workers
 
 Let's check back those deployment concepts from before:
 
@@ -9,123 +9,92 @@ Let's check back those deployment concepts from before:
 * Memory
 * Previous steps before starting
 
-Up to this point, with all the tutorials in the docs, you have probably been running a **server program** like Uvicorn, running a **single process**.
+Up to this point, with all the tutorials in the docs, you have probably been running a **server program**, for example, using the `fastapi` command, that runs Uvicorn, running a **single process**.
 
 When deploying applications you will probably want to have some **replication of processes** to take advantage of **multiple cores** and to be able to handle more requests.
 
 As you saw in the previous chapter about [Deployment Concepts](concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, there are multiple strategies you can use.
 
-Here I'll show you how to use <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Gunicorn**</a> with **Uvicorn worker processes**.
+Here I'll show you how to use **Uvicorn** with **worker processes** using the `fastapi` command or the `uvicorn` command directly.
 
 /// info
 
 If you are using containers, for example with Docker or Kubernetes, I'll tell you more about that in the next chapter: [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
-In particular, when running on **Kubernetes** you will probably **not** want to use Gunicorn and instead run **a single Uvicorn process per container**, but I'll tell you about it later in that chapter.
+In particular, when running on **Kubernetes** you will probably **not** want to use workers and instead run **a single Uvicorn process per container**, but I'll tell you about it later in that chapter.
 
 ///
 
-## Gunicorn with Uvicorn Workers
+## Multiple Workers
 
-**Gunicorn** is mainly an application server using the **WSGI standard**. That means that Gunicorn can serve applications like Flask and Django. Gunicorn by itself is not compatible with **FastAPI**, as FastAPI uses the newest **<a href="https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">ASGI standard</a>**.
+You can start multiple workers with the `--workers` command line option:
 
-But Gunicorn supports working as a **process manager** and allowing users to tell it which specific **worker process class** to use. Then Gunicorn would start one or more **worker processes** using that class.
+//// tab | `fastapi`
 
-And **Uvicorn** has a **Gunicorn-compatible worker class**.
-
-Using that combination, Gunicorn would act as a **process manager**, listening on the **port** and the **IP**. And it would **transmit** the communication to the worker processes running the **Uvicorn class**.
-
-And then the Gunicorn-compatible **Uvicorn worker** class would be in charge of converting the data sent by Gunicorn to the ASGI standard for FastAPI to use it.
-
-## Install Gunicorn and Uvicorn
+If you use the `fastapi` command:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" gunicorn
+$ <pre> <font color="#4E9A06">fastapi</font> run --workers 4 <u style="text-decoration-style:single">main.py</u>
+<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using path <font color="#3465A4">main.py</font>
+<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Resolved absolute path <font color="#75507B">/home/user/code/awesomeapp/</font><font color="#AD7FA8">main.py</font>
+<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Searching for package file structure from directories with <font color="#3465A4">__init__.py</font> files
+<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Importing from <font color="#75507B">/home/user/code/</font><font color="#AD7FA8">awesomeapp</font>
 
----> 100%
+ ╭─ <font color="#8AE234"><b>Python module file</b></font> ─╮
+ │                      │
+ │  🐍 main.py          │
+ │                      │
+ ╰──────────────────────╯
+
+<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Importing module <font color="#4E9A06">main</font>
+<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Found importable FastAPI app
+
+ ╭─ <font color="#8AE234"><b>Importable FastAPI app</b></font> ─╮
+ │                          │
+ │  <span style="background-color:#272822"><font color="#FF4689">from</font></span><span style="background-color:#272822"><font color="#F8F8F2"> main </font></span><span style="background-color:#272822"><font color="#FF4689">import</font></span><span style="background-color:#272822"><font color="#F8F8F2"> app</font></span><span style="background-color:#272822">  </span>  │
+ │                          │
+ ╰──────────────────────────╯
+
+<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using import string <font color="#8AE234"><b>main:app</b></font>
+
+ <font color="#4E9A06">╭─────────── FastAPI CLI - Production mode ───────────╮</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│                                                     │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│  Serving at: http://0.0.0.0:8000                    │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│                                                     │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│  API docs: http://0.0.0.0:8000/docs                 │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│                                                     │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│  Running in production mode, for development use:   │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│                                                     │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│  </font><font color="#8AE234"><b>fastapi dev</b></font><font color="#4E9A06">                                        │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">│                                                     │</font>
+ <font color="#4E9A06">╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯</font>
+
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Uvicorn running on <b>http://0.0.0.0:8000</b> (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Started parent process [<font color="#34E2E2"><b>27365</b></font>]
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#06989A">27368</font>]
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#06989A">27369</font>]
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#06989A">27370</font>]
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#06989A">27367</font>]
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
+<font color="#4E9A06">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
+</pre>
 ```
 
 </div>
 
-That will install both Uvicorn with the `standard` extra packages (to get high performance) and Gunicorn.
+////
 
-## Run Gunicorn with Uvicorn Workers
+//// tab | `uvicorn`
 
-Then you can run Gunicorn with:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80
-
-[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
-[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499)
-[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
-[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511
-[19513] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19513
-[19514] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19514
-[19515] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19515
-[19511] [INFO] Started server process [19511]
-[19511] [INFO] Waiting for application startup.
-[19511] [INFO] Application startup complete.
-[19513] [INFO] Started server process [19513]
-[19513] [INFO] Waiting for application startup.
-[19513] [INFO] Application startup complete.
-[19514] [INFO] Started server process [19514]
-[19514] [INFO] Waiting for application startup.
-[19514] [INFO] Application startup complete.
-[19515] [INFO] Started server process [19515]
-[19515] [INFO] Waiting for application startup.
-[19515] [INFO] Application startup complete.
-```
-
-</div>
-
-Let's see what each of those options mean:
-
-* `main:app`: This is the same syntax used by Uvicorn, `main` means the Python module named "`main`", so, a file `main.py`. And `app` is the name of the variable that is the **FastAPI** application.
-    * You can imagine that `main:app` is equivalent to a Python `import` statement like:
-
-        ```Python
-        from main import app
-        ```
-
-    * So, the colon in `main:app` would be equivalent to the Python `import` part in `from main import app`.
-
-* `--workers`: The number of worker processes to use, each will run a Uvicorn worker, in this case, 4 workers.
-
-* `--worker-class`: The Gunicorn-compatible worker class to use in the worker processes.
-    * Here we pass the class that Gunicorn can import and use with:
-
-        ```Python
-        import uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
-        ```
-
-* `--bind`: This tells Gunicorn the IP and the port to listen to, using a colon (`:`) to separate the IP and the port.
-    * If you were running Uvicorn directly, instead of `--bind 0.0.0.0:80` (the Gunicorn option) you would use `--host 0.0.0.0` and `--port 80`.
-
-In the output, you can see that it shows the **PID** (process ID) of each process (it's just a number).
-
-You can see that:
-
-* The Gunicorn **process manager** starts with PID `19499` (in your case it will be a different number).
-* Then it starts `Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80`.
-* Then it detects that it has to use the worker class at `uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker`.
-* And then it starts **4 workers**, each with its own PID: `19511`, `19513`, `19514`, and `19515`.
-
-Gunicorn would also take care of managing **dead processes** and **restarting** new ones if needed to keep the number of workers. So that helps in part with the **restart** concept from the list above.
-
-Nevertheless, you would probably also want to have something outside making sure to **restart Gunicorn** if necessary, and also to **run it on startup**, etc.
-
-## Uvicorn with Workers
-
-Uvicorn also has an option to start and run several **worker processes**.
-
-Nevertheless, as of now, Uvicorn's capabilities for handling worker processes are more limited than Gunicorn's. So, if you want to have a process manager at this level (at the Python level), then it might be better to try with Gunicorn as the process manager.
-
-In any case, you would run it like this:
+If you prefer to use the `uvicorn` command directly:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -149,13 +118,15 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080 --workers 4
 
 </div>
 
+////
+
 The only new option here is `--workers` telling Uvicorn to start 4 worker processes.
 
 You can also see that it shows the **PID** of each process, `27365` for the parent process (this is the **process manager**) and one for each worker process: `27368`, `27369`, `27370`, and `27367`.
 
 ## Deployment Concepts
 
-Here you saw how to use **Gunicorn** (or Uvicorn) managing **Uvicorn worker processes** to **parallelize** the execution of the application, take advantage of **multiple cores** in the CPU, and be able to serve **more requests**.
+Here you saw how to use multiple **workers** to **parallelize** the execution of the application, take advantage of **multiple cores** in the CPU, and be able to serve **more requests**.
 
 From the list of deployment concepts from above, using workers would mainly help with the **replication** part, and a little bit with the **restarts**, but you still need to take care of the others:
 
@@ -170,13 +141,11 @@ From the list of deployment concepts from above, using workers would mainly help
 
 In the next chapter about [FastAPI in Containers - Docker](docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank} I'll tell some strategies you could use to handle the other **deployment concepts**.
 
-I'll also show you the **official Docker image** that includes **Gunicorn with Uvicorn workers** and some default configurations that can be useful for simple cases.
-
-There I'll also show you how to **build your own image from scratch** to run a single Uvicorn process (without Gunicorn). It is a simple process and is probably what you would want to do when using a distributed container management system like **Kubernetes**.
+I'll show you how to **build your own image from scratch** to run a single Uvicorn process. It is a simple process and is probably what you would want to do when using a distributed container management system like **Kubernetes**.
 
 ## Recap
 
-You can use **Gunicorn** (or also Uvicorn) as a process manager with Uvicorn workers to take advantage of **multi-core CPUs**, to run **multiple processes in parallel**.
+You can use multiple worker processes with the `--workers` CLI option with the `fastapi` or `uvicorn` commands to take advantage of **multi-core CPUs**, to run **multiple processes in parallel**.
 
 You could use these tools and ideas if you are setting up **your own deployment system** while taking care of the other deployment concepts yourself.
 

docs/en/docs/deployment/versions.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fastapi[standard]>=0.112.0,<0.113.0
 
 that would mean that you would use the versions `0.112.0` or above, but less than `0.113.0`, for example, a version `0.112.2` would still be accepted.
 
-If you use any other tool to manage your installations, like Poetry, Pipenv, or others, they all have a way that you can use to define specific versions for your packages.
+If you use any other tool to manage your installations, like `uv`, Poetry, Pipenv, or others, they all have a way that you can use to define specific versions for your packages.
 
 ## Available versions
 

docs/en/docs/environment-variables.md

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+# Environment Variables
+
+/// tip
+
+If you already know what "environment variables" are and how to use them, feel free to skip this.
+
+///
+
+An environment variable (also known as "**env var**") is a variable that lives **outside** of the Python code, in the **operating system**, and could be read by your Python code (or by other programs as well).
+
+Environment variables could be useful for handling application **settings**, as part of the **installation** of Python, etc.
+
+## Create and Use Env Vars
+
+You can **create** and use environment variables in the **shell (terminal)**, without needing Python:
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// You could create an env var MY_NAME with
+$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson"
+
+// Then you could use it with other programs, like
+$ echo "Hello $MY_NAME"
+
+Hello Wade Wilson
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows PowerShell
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Create an env var MY_NAME
+$ $Env:MY_NAME = "Wade Wilson"
+
+// Use it with other programs, like
+$ echo "Hello $Env:MY_NAME"
+
+Hello Wade Wilson
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+## Read env vars in Python
+
+You could also create environment variables **outside** of Python, in the terminal (or with any other method), and then **read them in Python**.
+
+For example you could have a file `main.py` with:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3"
+import os
+
+name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
+print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
+```
+
+/// tip
+
+The second argument to <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/os.html#os.getenv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`os.getenv()`</a> is the default value to return.
+
+If not provided, it's `None` by default, here we provide `"World"` as the default value to use.
+
+///
+
+Then you could call that Python program:
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Here we don't set the env var yet
+$ python main.py
+
+// As we didn't set the env var, we get the default value
+
+Hello World from Python
+
+// But if we create an environment variable first
+$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson"
+
+// And then call the program again
+$ python main.py
+
+// Now it can read the environment variable
+
+Hello Wade Wilson from Python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows PowerShell
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Here we don't set the env var yet
+$ python main.py
+
+// As we didn't set the env var, we get the default value
+
+Hello World from Python
+
+// But if we create an environment variable first
+$ $Env:MY_NAME = "Wade Wilson"
+
+// And then call the program again
+$ python main.py
+
+// Now it can read the environment variable
+
+Hello Wade Wilson from Python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+As environment variables can be set outside of the code, but can be read by the code, and don't have to be stored (committed to `git`) with the rest of the files, it's common to use them for configurations or **settings**.
+
+You can also create an environment variable only for a **specific program invocation**, that is only available to that program, and only for its duration.
+
+To do that, create it right before the program itself, on the same line:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Create an env var MY_NAME in line for this program call
+$ MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" python main.py
+
+// Now it can read the environment variable
+
+Hello Wade Wilson from Python
+
+// The env var no longer exists afterwards
+$ python main.py
+
+Hello World from Python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+/// tip
+
+You can read more about it at <a href="https://12factor.net/config" class="external-link" target="_blank">The Twelve-Factor App: Config</a>.
+
+///
+
+## Types and Validation
+
+These environment variables can only handle **text strings**, as they are external to Python and have to be compatible with other programs and the rest of the system (and even with different operating systems, as Linux, Windows, macOS).
+
+That means that **any value** read in Python from an environment variable **will be a `str`**, and any conversion to a different type or any validation has to be done in code.
+
+You will learn more about using environment variables for handling **application settings** in the [Advanced User Guide - Settings and Environment Variables](./advanced/settings.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+## `PATH` Environment Variable
+
+There is a **special** environment variable called **`PATH`** that is used by the operating systems (Linux, macOS, Windows) to find programs to run.
+
+The value of the variable `PATH` is a long string that is made of directories separated by a colon `:` on Linux and macOS, and by a semicolon `;` on Windows.
+
+For example, the `PATH` environment variable could look like this:
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS
+
+```plaintext
+/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
+```
+
+This means that the system should look for programs in the directories:
+
+* `/usr/local/bin`
+* `/usr/bin`
+* `/bin`
+* `/usr/sbin`
+* `/sbin`
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows
+
+```plaintext
+C:\Program Files\Python312\Scripts;C:\Program Files\Python312;C:\Windows\System32
+```
+
+This means that the system should look for programs in the directories:
+
+* `C:\Program Files\Python312\Scripts`
+* `C:\Program Files\Python312`
+* `C:\Windows\System32`
+
+////
+
+When you type a **command** in the terminal, the operating system **looks for** the program in **each of those directories** listed in the `PATH` environment variable.
+
+For example, when you type `python` in the terminal, the operating system looks for a program called `python` in the **first directory** in that list.
+
+If it finds it, then it will **use it**. Otherwise it keeps looking in the **other directories**.
+
+### Installing Python and Updating the `PATH`
+
+When you install Python, you might be asked if you want to update the `PATH` environment variable.
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS
+
+Let's say you install Python and it ends up in a directory `/opt/custompython/bin`.
+
+If you say yes to update the `PATH` environment variable, then the installer will add `/opt/custompython/bin` to the `PATH` environment variable.
+
+It could look like this:
+
+```plaintext
+/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/custompython/bin
+```
+
+This way, when you type `python` in the terminal, the system will find the Python program in `/opt/custompython/bin` (the last directory) and use that one.
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows
+
+Let's say you install Python and it ends up in a directory `C:\opt\custompython\bin`.
+
+If you say yes to update the `PATH` environment variable, then the installer will add `C:\opt\custompython\bin` to the `PATH` environment variable.
+
+```plaintext
+C:\Program Files\Python312\Scripts;C:\Program Files\Python312;C:\Windows\System32;C:\opt\custompython\bin
+```
+
+This way, when you type `python` in the terminal, the system will find the Python program in `C:\opt\custompython\bin` (the last directory) and use that one.
+
+////
+
+This way, when you type `python` in the terminal, the system will find the Python program in `/opt/custompython/bin` (the last directory) and use that one.
+
+So, if you type:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS
+
+The system will **find** the `python` program in `/opt/custompython/bin` and run it.
+
+It would be roughly equivalent to typing:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ /opt/custompython/bin/python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows
+
+The system will **find** the `python` program in `C:\opt\custompython\bin\python` and run it.
+
+It would be roughly equivalent to typing:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ C:\opt\custompython\bin\python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+This information will be useful when learning about [Virtual Environments](virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+## Conclusion
+
+With this you should have a basic understanding of what **environment variables** are and how to use them in Python.
+
+You can also read more about them in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable" class="external-link" target="_blank">Wikipedia for Environment Variable</a>.
+
+In many cases it's not very obvious how environment variables would be useful and applicable right away. But they keep showing up in many different scenarios when you are developing, so it's good to know about them.
+
+For example, you will need this information in the next section, about [Virtual Environments](virtual-environments.md).

docs/en/docs/features.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ### Based on open standards
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> for API creation, including declarations of <abbr title="also known as: endpoints, routes">path</abbr> <abbr title="also known as HTTP methods, as POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">operations</abbr>, parameters, body requests, security, etc.
+* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> for API creation, including declarations of <abbr title="also known as: endpoints, routes">path</abbr> <abbr title="also known as HTTP methods, as POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">operations</abbr>, parameters, request bodies, security, etc.
 * Automatic data model documentation with <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (as OpenAPI itself is based on JSON Schema).
 * Designed around these standards, after a meticulous study. Instead of an afterthought layer on top.
 * This also allows using automatic **client code generation** in many languages.

docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what you have liked in it, i
 ## Vote for FastAPI
 
 * <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>.
-* <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
+* <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/about/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
 * <a href="https://stackshare.io/pypi-fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Say you use **FastAPI** on StackShare</a>.
 
 ## Help others with questions in GitHub

docs/en/docs/index.md

@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 
 ## Installation
 
+Create and activate a <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/virtual-environments/" class="external-link" target="_blank">virtual environment</a> and then install FastAPI:
+
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
@@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
 * Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
     * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
     * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
-* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
+* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, read the body as JSON:
     * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
     * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
     * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
@@ -458,7 +460,7 @@ When you install FastAPI with `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` it comes the `st
 
 Used by Pydantic:
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - for email validation.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email-validator</code></a> - for email validation.
 
 Used by Starlette:
 

docs/en/docs/management-tasks.md

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ For the other languages, confirm that:
 * The title is correct following the instructions above.
 * It has the labels `lang-all` and `lang-{lang code}`.
 * The PR changes only one Markdown file adding a translation.
-    * Or in some cases, at most two files, if they are small and people reviewed them.
+    * Or in some cases, at most two files, if they are small, for the same language, and people reviewed them.
     * If it's the first translation for that language, it will have additional `mkdocs.yml` files, for those cases follow the instructions below.
 * The PR doesn't add any additional or extraneous files.
 * The translation seems to have a similar structure as the original English file.

docs/en/docs/project-generation.md

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ GitHub Repository: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-templ
     - 💃 Using TypeScript, hooks, Vite, and other parts of a modern frontend stack.
     - 🎨 [Chakra UI](https://chakra-ui.com) for the frontend components.
     - 🤖 An automatically generated frontend client.
+    - 🧪 Playwright for End-to-End testing.
     - 🦇 Dark mode support.
 - 🐋 [Docker Compose](https://www.docker.com) for development and production.
 - 🔒 Secure password hashing by default.

docs/en/docs/python-types.md

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can declare it by importing
 {!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
 ```
 
-Using `Optional[str]` instead of just `str` will let the editor help you detecting errors where you could be assuming that a value is always a `str`, when it could actually be `None` too.
+Using `Optional[str]` instead of just `str` will let the editor help you detect errors where you could be assuming that a value is always a `str`, when it could actually be `None` too.
 
 `Optional[Something]` is actually a shortcut for `Union[Something, None]`, they are equivalent.
 
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ You will see a lot more of all this in practice in the [Tutorial - User Guide](t
 
 /// tip
 
-Pydantic has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.
+Pydantic has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.3/usage/models/#required-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -7,6 +7,104 @@ hide:
 
 ## Latest Changes
 
+## 0.112.3
+
+This release is mainly internal refactors, it shouldn't affect apps using FastAPI in any way. You don't even have to upgrade to this version yet. There are a few bigger releases coming right after. 🚀
+
+### Refactors
+
+* ♻️ Refactor internal `check_file_field()`, rename to `ensure_multipart_is_installed()` to clarify its purpose. PR [#12106](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12106) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ♻️ Rename internal `create_response_field()` to `create_model_field()` as it's used for more than response models. PR [#12103](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12103) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ♻️ Refactor and simplify internal data from `solve_dependencies()` using dataclasses. PR [#12100](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12100) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ♻️ Refactor and simplify internal `analyze_param()` to structure data with dataclasses instead of tuple. PR [#12099](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12099) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ♻️ Refactor and simplify dependencies data structures with dataclasses. PR [#12098](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12098) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add External Link: Techniques and applications of SQLAlchemy global filters in FastAPI. PR [#12109](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12109) by [@TheShubhendra](https://github.com/TheShubhendra).
+* 📝 Add note about `time.perf_counter()` in middlewares. PR [#12095](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12095) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Tweak middleware code sample `time.time()` to `time.perf_counter()`. PR [#11957](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11957) by [@domdent](https://github.com/domdent).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors: Coherence. PR [#12093](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12093) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Fix async test example not to trigger DeprecationWarning. PR [#12084](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12084) by [@marcinsulikowski](https://github.com/marcinsulikowski).
+* 📝 Update `docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py`. PR [#11478](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11478) by [@MuhammadAshiqAmeer](https://github.com/MuhammadAshiqAmeer).
+* 📝 Update comma in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#12062](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12062) by [@Alec-Gillis](https://github.com/Alec-Gillis).
+* 📝 Update docs about serving FastAPI: ASGI servers, Docker containers, etc.. PR [#12069](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12069) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Clarify `response_class` parameter, validations, and returning a response directly. PR [#12067](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12067) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Fix minor typos and issues in the documentation. PR [#12063](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12063) by [@svlandeg](https://github.com/svlandeg).
+* 📝 Add note in Docker docs about ensuring graceful shutdowns and lifespan events with `CMD` exec form. PR [#11960](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11960) by [@GPla](https://github.com/GPla).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐  Add Dutch translation for `docs/nl/docs/features.md`. PR [#12101](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12101) by [@maxscheijen](https://github.com/maxscheijen).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/advanced/testing-events.md`. PR [#12108](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12108) by [@ceb10n](https://github.com/ceb10n).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/advanced/security/index.md`. PR [#12114](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12114) by [@ceb10n](https://github.com/ceb10n).
+* 🌐 Add Dutch translation for `docs/nl/docs/index.md`. PR [#12042](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12042) by [@svlandeg](https://github.com/svlandeg).
+* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/how-to/index.md`. PR [#12070](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12070) by [@synthpop123](https://github.com/synthpop123).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#12115](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12115) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.10.0 to 1.10.1. PR [#12120](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12120) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump pillow from 10.3.0 to 10.4.0. PR [#12105](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12105) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 💚 Set `include-hidden-files` to `True` when using the `upload-artifact` GH action. PR [#12118](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12118) by [@svlandeg](https://github.com/svlandeg).
+* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.9.0 to 1.10.0. PR [#12112](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12112) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors link: Coherence. PR [#12097](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12097) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update labeler config to handle sponsorships data. PR [#12096](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12096) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Kong. PR [#12085](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12085) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#12076](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12076) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* 👷 Update `latest-changes` GitHub Action. PR [#12073](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12073) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.112.2
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Fix `allow_inf_nan` option for Param and Body classes. PR [#11867](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11867) by [@giunio-prc](https://github.com/giunio-prc).
+* 🐛 Ensure that `app.include_router` merges nested lifespans. PR [#9630](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/9630) by [@Lancetnik](https://github.com/Lancetnik).
+
+### Refactors
+
+* 🎨 Fix typing annotation for semi-internal `FastAPI.add_api_route()`. PR [#10240](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/10240) by [@ordinary-jamie](https://github.com/ordinary-jamie).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade version of Ruff and reformat. PR [#12032](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12032) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Fix a typo in `docs/en/docs/virtual-environments.md`. PR [#12064](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12064) by [@aymenkrifa](https://github.com/aymenkrifa).
+* 📝 Add docs about Environment Variables and Virtual Environments. PR [#12054](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12054) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Add Asyncer mention in async docs. PR [#12037](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12037) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Move the Features docs to the top level to improve the main page menu. PR [#12036](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12036) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✏️ Fix import typo in reference example for `Security`. PR [#11168](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11168) by [@0shah0](https://github.com/0shah0).
+* 📝 Highlight correct line in tutorial `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#11978](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11978) by [@svlandeg](https://github.com/svlandeg).
+* 🔥 Remove Sentry link from Advanced Middleware docs. PR [#12031](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12031) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev).
+* 📝 Clarify management tasks for translations, multiples files in one PR. PR [#12030](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12030) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Edit the link to the OpenAPI "Responses Object" and "Response Object" sections in the "Additional Responses in OpenAPI" section. PR [#11996](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11996) by [@VaitoSoi](https://github.com/VaitoSoi).
+* 🔨 Specify `email-validator` dependency with dash. PR [#11515](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11515) by [@jirikuncar](https://github.com/jirikuncar).
+* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/project-generation.md`. PR [#11947](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11947) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev).
+* 📝 Fix minor typo. PR [#12026](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12026) by [@MicaelJarniac](https://github.com/MicaelJarniac).
+* 📝 Several docs improvements, tweaks, and clarifications. PR [#11390](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11390) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann).
+* 📝 Add missing `compresslevel` parameter on docs for `GZipMiddleware`. PR [#11350](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11350) by [@junah201](https://github.com/junah201).
+* 📝 Fix inconsistent response code when item already exists in docs for testing. PR [#11818](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11818) by [@lokomilo](https://github.com/lokomilo).
+* 📝 Update `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body.md` with Python 3.10 union type example. PR [#11415](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11415) by [@rangzen](https://github.com/rangzen).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request_file.md`. PR [#12018](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12018) by [@Joao-Pedro-P-Holanda](https://github.com/Joao-Pedro-P-Holanda).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/learn/index.md`. PR [#11592](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11592) by [@ukwhatn](https://github.com/ukwhatn).
+* 📝 Update Spanish translation docs for consistency. PR [#12044](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12044) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev).
+* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md`. PR [#12028](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12028) by [@xuvjso](https://github.com/xuvjso).
+* 📝 Update FastAPI People, do not translate to have the most recent info. PR [#12034](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12034) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🌐 Update Urdu translation for `docs/ur/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#10046](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/10046) by [@AhsanSheraz](https://github.com/AhsanSheraz).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#12046](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12046) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* 🔧 Update coverage config files. PR [#12035](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12035) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔨 Standardize shebang across shell scripts. PR [#11942](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11942) by [@gitworkflows](https://github.com/gitworkflows).
+* ⬆ Update sqlalchemy requirement from <1.4.43,>=1.3.18 to >=1.3.18,<2.0.33. PR [#11979](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11979) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 🔊 Remove old ignore warnings. PR [#11950](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11950) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade griffe-typingdoc for the docs. PR [#12029](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/12029) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🙈 Add .coverage* to `.gitignore`. PR [#11940](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11940) by [@gitworkflows](https://github.com/gitworkflows).
+* ⚙️ Record and show test coverage contexts (what test covers which line). PR [#11518](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/11518) by [@slafs](https://github.com/slafs).
+
 ## 0.112.1
 
 ### Upgrades

docs/en/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This includes, for example:
 * Email notifications sent after performing an action:
     * As connecting to an email server and sending an email tends to be "slow" (several seconds), you can return the response right away and send the email notification in the background.
 * Processing data:
-    * For example, let's say you receive a file that must go through a slow process, you can return a response of "Accepted" (HTTP 202) and process it in the background.
+    * For example, let's say you receive a file that must go through a slow process, you can return a response of "Accepted" (HTTP 202) and process the file in the background.
 
 ## Using `BackgroundTasks`
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Bigger Applications - Multiple Files
 
-If you are building an application or a web API, it's rarely the case that you can put everything on a single file.
+If you are building an application or a web API, it's rarely the case that you can put everything in a single file.
 
 **FastAPI** provides a convenience tool to structure your application while keeping all the flexibility.
 
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ We can declare all that without having to modify the original `APIRouter` by pas
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
 ```
 
-That way, the original `APIRouter` will keep unmodified, so we can still share that same `app/internal/admin.py` file with other projects in the organization.
+That way, the original `APIRouter` will stay unmodified, so we can still share that same `app/internal/admin.py` file with other projects in the organization.
 
 The result is that in our app, each of the *path operations* from the `admin` module will have:
 
@@ -519,12 +519,12 @@ As we cannot just isolate them and "mount" them independently of the rest, the *
 
 ## Check the automatic API docs
 
-Now, run `uvicorn`, using the module `app.main` and the variable `app`:
+Now, run your app:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ uvicorn app.main:app --reload
+$ fastapi dev app/main.py
 
 <span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
 ```

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ But you can also declare multiple body parameters, e.g. `item` and `user`:
 
 ////
 
-In this case, **FastAPI** will notice that there are more than one body parameters in the function (two parameters that are Pydantic models).
+In this case, **FastAPI** will notice that there is more than one body parameter in the function (there are two parameters that are Pydantic models).
 
 So, it will then use the parameter names as keys (field names) in the body, and expect a body like:
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ For example:
 
 //// tab | Python 3.10+
 
-```Python hl_lines="27"
+```Python hl_lines="28"
 {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ For example:
 
 //// tab | Python 3.9+
 
-```Python hl_lines="27"
+```Python hl_lines="28"
 {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ For example:
 
 //// tab | Python 3.8+
 
-```Python hl_lines="28"
+```Python hl_lines="29"
 {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 ///
 
-```Python hl_lines="25"
+```Python hl_lines="26"
 {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 ///
 
-```Python hl_lines="27"
+```Python hl_lines="28"
 {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!}
 ```
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ Again, doing just that declaration, with **FastAPI** you get:
 
 Apart from normal singular types like `str`, `int`, `float`, etc. you can use more complex singular types that inherit from `str`.
 
-To see all the options you have, checkout the docs for <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's exotic types</a>. You will see some examples in the next chapter.
+To see all the options you have, checkout <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's Type Overview</a>. You will see some examples in the next chapter.
 
 For example, as in the `Image` model we have a `url` field, we can declare it to be an instance of Pydantic's `HttpUrl` instead of a `str`:
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ In summary, to apply partial updates you would:
 * Put that data in a Pydantic model.
 * Generate a `dict` without default values from the input model (using `exclude_unset`).
     * This way you can update only the values actually set by the user, instead of overriding values already stored with default values in your model.
-* Create a copy of the stored model, updating it's attributes with the received partial updates (using the `update` parameter).
+* Create a copy of the stored model, updating its attributes with the received partial updates (using the `update` parameter).
 * Convert the copied model to something that can be stored in your DB (for example, using the `jsonable_encoder`).
     * This is comparable to using the model's `.model_dump()` method again, but it makes sure (and converts) the values to data types that can be converted to JSON, for example, `datetime` to `str`.
 * Save the data to your DB.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ When you need to send data from a client (let's say, a browser) to your API, you
 
 A **request** body is data sent by the client to your API. A **response** body is the data your API sends to the client.
 
-Your API almost always has to send a **response** body. But clients don't necessarily need to send **request** bodies all the time.
+Your API almost always has to send a **response** body. But clients don't necessarily need to send **request bodies** all the time, sometimes they only request a path, maybe with some query parameters, but don't send a body.
 
 To declare a **request** body, you use <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> models with all their power and benefits.
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ The JSON Schemas of your models will be part of your OpenAPI generated schema, a
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/body/image01.png">
 
-And will be also used in the API docs inside each *path operation* that needs them:
+And will also be used in the API docs inside each *path operation* that needs them:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/body/image02.png">
 
@@ -237,7 +237,9 @@ The function parameters will be recognized as follows:
 
 FastAPI will know that the value of `q` is not required because of the default value `= None`.
 
-The `Union` in `Union[str, None]` is not used by FastAPI, but will allow your editor to give you better support and detect errors.
+The `str | None` (Python 3.10+) or `Union` in `Union[str, None]` (Python 3.8+) is not used by FastAPI to determine that the value is not required, it will know it's not required because it has a default value of `= None`.
+
+But adding the type annotations will allow your editor to give you better support and detect errors.
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 Then declare the cookie parameters using the same structure as with `Path` and `Query`.
 
-The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameters:
+You can define the default value as well as all the extra validation or annotation parameters:
 
 //// tab | Python 3.10+
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/cors.md

@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ Even if they are all in `localhost`, they use different protocols or ports, so,
 
 So, let's say you have a frontend running in your browser at `http://localhost:8080`, and its JavaScript is trying to communicate with a backend running at `http://localhost` (because we don't specify a port, the browser will assume the default port `80`).
 
-Then, the browser will send an HTTP `OPTIONS` request to the backend, and if the backend sends the appropriate headers authorizing the communication from this different origin (`http://localhost:8080`) then the browser will let the JavaScript in the frontend send its request to the backend.
+Then, the browser will send an HTTP `OPTIONS` request to the `:80`-backend, and if the backend sends the appropriate headers authorizing the communication from this different origin (`http://localhost:8080`) then the `:8080`-browser will let the JavaScript in the frontend send its request to the `:80`-backend.
 
-To achieve this, the backend must have a list of "allowed origins".
+To achieve this, the `:80`-backend must have a list of "allowed origins".
 
-In this case, it would have to include `http://localhost:8080` for the frontend to work correctly.
+In this case, the list would have to include `http://localhost:8080` for the `:8080`-frontend to work correctly.
 
 ## Wildcards
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ You can configure it in your **FastAPI** application using the `CORSMiddleware`.
 * Create a list of allowed origins (as strings).
 * Add it as a "middleware" to your **FastAPI** application.
 
-You can also specify if your backend allows:
+You can also specify whether your backend allows:
 
 * Credentials (Authorization headers, Cookies, etc).
 * Specific HTTP methods (`POST`, `PUT`) or all of them with the wildcard `"*"`.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md

@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ The last `CommonQueryParams`, in:
 
 ...is what **FastAPI** will actually use to know what is the dependency.
 
-From it is that FastAPI will extract the declared parameters and that is what FastAPI will actually call.
+It is from this one that FastAPI will extract the declared parameters and that is what FastAPI will actually call.
 
 ---
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ To do this, use `yield` instead of `return`, and write the extra steps (code) af
 
 /// tip
 
-Make sure to use `yield` one single time.
+Make sure to use `yield` one single time per dependency.
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Here are some of the additional data types you can use:
 * `datetime.timedelta`:
     * A Python `datetime.timedelta`.
     * In requests and responses will be represented as a `float` of total seconds.
-    * Pydantic also allows representing it as a "ISO 8601 time diff encoding", <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#json_encoders" class="external-link" target="_blank">see the docs for more info</a>.
+    * Pydantic also allows representing it as a "ISO 8601 time diff encoding", <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#custom-serializers" class="external-link" target="_blank">see the docs for more info</a>.
 * `frozenset`:
     * In requests and responses, treated the same as a `set`:
         * In requests, a list will be read, eliminating duplicates and converting it to a `set`.
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Here are some of the additional data types you can use:
 * `Decimal`:
     * Standard Python `Decimal`.
     * In requests and responses, handled the same as a `float`.
-* You can check all the valid pydantic data types here: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic data types</a>.
+* You can check all the valid Pydantic data types here: <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic data types</a>.
 
 ## Example
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ UserInDB(
 
 /// warning
 
-The supporting additional functions are just to demo a possible flow of the data, but they of course are not providing any real security.
+The supporting additional functions `fake_password_hasher` and `fake_save_user` are just to demo a possible flow of the data, but they of course are not providing any real security.
 
 ///
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ That way, we can declare just the differences between the models (with plaintext
 
 ## `Union` or `anyOf`
 
-You can declare a response to be the `Union` of two types, that means, that the response would be any of the two.
+You can declare a response to be the `Union` of two or more types, that means, that the response would be any of them.
 
 It will be defined in OpenAPI with `anyOf`.
 
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ If it was in a type annotation we could have used the vertical bar, as:
 some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem
 ```
 
-But if we put that in `response_model=PlaneItem | CarItem` we would get an error, because Python would try to perform an **invalid operation** between `PlaneItem` and `CarItem` instead of interpreting that as a type annotation.
+But if we put that in the assignment `response_model=PlaneItem | CarItem` we would get an error, because Python would try to perform an **invalid operation** between `PlaneItem` and `CarItem` instead of interpreting that as a type annotation.
 
 ## List of models
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ These are technical details that you might skip if it's not important for you no
 
 **FastAPI** uses it so that, if you use a Pydantic model in `response_model`, and your data has an error, you will see the error in your log.
 
-But the client/user will not see it. Instead, the client will receive an "Internal Server Error" with a HTTP status code `500`.
+But the client/user will not see it. Instead, the client will receive an "Internal Server Error" with an HTTP status code `500`.
 
 It should be this way because if you have a Pydantic `ValidationError` in your *response* or anywhere in your code (not in the client's *request*), it's actually a bug in your code.
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
 
 ### Reuse **FastAPI**'s exception handlers
 
-If you want to use the exception along with the same default exception handlers from  **FastAPI**, You can import and reuse the default exception handlers from `fastapi.exception_handlers`:
+If you want to use the exception along with the same default exception handlers from  **FastAPI**, you can import and reuse the default exception handlers from `fastapi.exception_handlers`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="2-5  15  21"
 {!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!}

docs/en/docs/tutorial/header-params.md

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 Then declare the header parameters using the same structure as with `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie`.
 
-The first value is the default value, you can pass all the extra validation or annotation parameters:
+You can define the default value as well as all the extra validation or annotation parameters:
 
 //// tab | Python 3.10+
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/index.md

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ This tutorial shows you how to use **FastAPI** with most of its features, step b
 
 Each section gradually builds on the previous ones, but it's structured to separate topics, so that you can go directly to any specific one to solve your specific API needs.
 
-It is also built to work as a future reference.
-
-So you can come back and see exactly what you need.
+It is also built to work as a future reference so you can come back and see exactly what you need.
 
 ## Run the code
 
@@ -71,7 +69,9 @@ Using it in your editor is what really shows you the benefits of FastAPI, seeing
 
 ## Install FastAPI
 
-The first step is to install FastAPI:
+The first step is to install FastAPI.
+
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then **install FastAPI**:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ If you don't want to have those optional dependencies, you can instead install `
 
 There is also an **Advanced User Guide** that you can read later after this **Tutorial - User guide**.
 
-The **Advanced User Guide**, builds on this, uses the same concepts, and teaches you some extra features.
+The **Advanced User Guide** builds on this one, uses the same concepts, and teaches you some extra features.
 
 But you should first read the **Tutorial - User Guide** (what you are reading right now).
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/middleware.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The middleware function receives:
 * A function `call_next` that will receive the `request` as a parameter.
     * This function will pass the `request` to the corresponding *path operation*.
     * Then it returns the `response` generated by the corresponding *path operation*.
-* You can then modify further the `response` before returning it.
+* You can then further modify the `response` before returning it.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="8-9  11  14"
 {!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ For example, you could add a custom header `X-Process-Time` containing the time
 {!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
+/// tip
+
+Here we use <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.perf_counter" class="external-link" target="_blank">`time.perf_counter()`</a> instead of `time.time()` because it can be more precise for these use cases. 🤓
+
+///
+
 ## Other middlewares
 
 You can later read more about other middlewares in the [Advanced User Guide: Advanced Middleware](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ FastAPI will now:
 * Show a **clear error** for the client when the data is not valid
 * **Document** the parameter in the OpenAPI schema *path operation* (so it will show up in the **automatic docs UI**)
 
-## Alternative (old) `Query` as the default value
+## Alternative (old): `Query` as the default value
 
 Previous versions of FastAPI (before <abbr title="before 2023-03">0.95.0</abbr>) required you to use `Query` as the default value of your parameter, instead of putting it in `Annotated`, there's a high chance that you will see code using it around, so I'll explain it to you.
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ q: str | None = Query(default=None)
 q: str | None = None
 ```
 
-But it declares it explicitly as being a query parameter.
+But the `Query` versions declare it explicitly as being a query parameter.
 
 /// info
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ The **default** value of the **function parameter** is the **actual default** va
 
 You could **call** that same function in **other places** without FastAPI, and it would **work as expected**. If there's a **required** parameter (without a default value), your **editor** will let you know with an error, **Python** will also complain if you run it without passing the required parameter.
 
-When you don't use `Annotated` and instead use the **(old) default value style**, if you call that function without FastAPI in **other place**, you have to **remember** to pass the arguments to the function for it to work correctly, otherwise the values will be different from what you expect (e.g. `QueryInfo` or something similar instead of `str`). And your editor won't complain, and Python won't complain running that function, only when the operations inside error out.
+When you don't use `Annotated` and instead use the **(old) default value style**, if you call that function without FastAPI in **other places**, you have to **remember** to pass the arguments to the function for it to work correctly, otherwise the values will be different from what you expect (e.g. `QueryInfo` or something similar instead of `str`). And your editor won't complain, and Python won't complain running that function, only when the operations inside error out.
 
 Because `Annotated` can have more than one metadata annotation, you could now even use the same function with other tools, like <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Typer</a>. 🚀
 
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ Having a default value of any type, including `None`, makes the parameter option
 
 ///
 
-## Make it required
+## Required parameters
 
 When we don't need to declare more validations or metadata, we can make the `q` query parameter required just by not declaring a default value, like:
 
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ It is used by Pydantic and FastAPI to explicitly declare that a value is require
 
 This will let **FastAPI** know that this parameter is required.
 
-### Required with `None`
+### Required, can be `None`
 
 You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.
 
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 /// tip
 
-Pydantic, which is what powers all the data validation and serialization in FastAPI, has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required Optional fields</a>.
+Pydantic, which is what powers all the data validation and serialization in FastAPI, has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.3/usage/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">Required fields</a>.
 
 ///
 
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ Remember that in most of the cases, when something is required, you can simply o
 
 ## Query parameter list / multiple values
 
-When you define a query parameter explicitly with `Query` you can also declare it to receive a list of values, or said in other way, to receive multiple values.
+When you define a query parameter explicitly with `Query` you can also declare it to receive a list of values, or said in another way, to receive multiple values.
 
 For example, to declare a query parameter `q` that can appear multiple times in the URL, you can write:
 
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ the default of `q` will be: `["foo", "bar"]` and your response will be:
 }
 ```
 
-#### Using `list`
+#### Using just `list`
 
 You can also use `list` directly instead of `List[str]` (or `list[str]` in Python 3.9+):
 
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ The docs will show it like this:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image01.png">
 
-## Exclude from OpenAPI
+## Exclude parameters from OpenAPI
 
 To exclude a query parameter from the generated OpenAPI schema (and thus, from the automatic documentation systems), set the parameter `include_in_schema` of `Query` to `False`:
 
@@ -1182,4 +1182,4 @@ Validations specific for strings:
 
 In these examples you saw how to declare validations for `str` values.
 
-See the next chapters to see how to declare validations for other types, like numbers.
+See the next chapters to learn how to declare validations for other types, like numbers.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ You can define files to be uploaded by the client using `File`.
 
 To receive uploaded files, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.
 
-E.g. `pip install python-multipart`.
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:
+
+```console
+$ pip install python-multipart
+```
 
 This is because uploaded files are sent as "form data".
 
@@ -152,7 +156,7 @@ Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:
 
 * `filename`: A `str` with the original file name that was uploaded (e.g. `myimage.jpg`).
 * `content_type`: A `str` with the content type (MIME type / media type) (e.g. `image/jpeg`).
-* `file`: A <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile" class="external-link" target="_blank">`SpooledTemporaryFile`</a> (a <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">file-like</a> object). This is the actual Python file that you can pass directly to other functions or libraries that expect a "file-like" object.
+* `file`: A <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile" class="external-link" target="_blank">`SpooledTemporaryFile`</a> (a <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">file-like</a> object). This is the actual Python file object that you can pass directly to other functions or libraries that expect a "file-like" object.
 
 `UploadFile` has the following `async` methods. They all call the corresponding file methods underneath (using the internal `SpooledTemporaryFile`).
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ You can define files and form fields at the same time using `File` and `Form`.
 
 To receive uploaded files and/or form data, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.
 
-E.g. `pip install python-multipart`.
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:
+
+```console
+$ pip install python-multipart
+```
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ When you need to receive form fields instead of JSON, you can use `Form`.
 
 To use forms, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.
 
-E.g. `pip install python-multipart`.
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:
+
+```console
+$ pip install python-multipart
+```
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md

@@ -131,10 +131,19 @@ Here we are declaring a `UserIn` model, it will contain a plaintext password:
 
 /// info
 
-To use `EmailStr`, first install <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email_validator`</a>.
+To use `EmailStr`, first install <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email-validator`</a>.
 
-E.g. `pip install email-validator`
-or `pip install pydantic[email]`.
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:
+
+```console
+$ pip install email-validator
+```
+
+or with:
+
+```console
+$ pip install "pydantic[email]"
+```
 
 ///
 
@@ -236,9 +245,9 @@ That's why in this example we have to declare it in the `response_model` paramet
 
 ## Return Type and Data Filtering
 
-Let's continue from the previous example. We wanted to **annotate the function with one type** but return something that includes **more data**.
+Let's continue from the previous example. We wanted to **annotate the function with one type**, but we wanted to be able to return from the function something that actually includes **more data**.
 
-We want FastAPI to keep **filtering** the data using the response model.
+We want FastAPI to keep **filtering** the data using the response model. So that even though the function returns more data, the response will only include the fields declared in the response model.
 
 In the previous example, because the classes were different, we had to use the `response_model` parameter. But that also means that we don't get the support from the editor and tools checking the function return type.
 
@@ -306,7 +315,7 @@ The most common case would be [returning a Response directly as explained later
 {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py!}
 ```
 
-This simple case is handled automatically by FastAPI because the return type annotation is the class (or a subclass) of `Response`.
+This simple case is handled automatically by FastAPI because the return type annotation is the class (or a subclass of) `Response`.
 
 And tools will also be happy because both `RedirectResponse` and `JSONResponse` are subclasses of `Response`, so the type annotation is correct.
 
@@ -455,7 +464,7 @@ The examples here use `.dict()` for compatibility with Pydantic v1, but you shou
 
 /// info
 
-FastAPI uses Pydantic model's `.dict()` with <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#modeldict" class="external-link" target="_blank">its `exclude_unset` parameter</a> to achieve this.
+FastAPI uses Pydantic model's `.dict()` with <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/1.10/usage/exporting_models/#modeldict" class="external-link" target="_blank">its `exclude_unset` parameter</a> to achieve this.
 
 ///
 
@@ -466,7 +475,7 @@ You can also use:
 * `response_model_exclude_defaults=True`
 * `response_model_exclude_none=True`
 
-as described in <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/serialization/#modeldict" class="external-link" target="_blank">the Pydantic docs</a> for `exclude_defaults` and `exclude_none`.
+as described in <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/1.10/usage/exporting_models/#modeldict" class="external-link" target="_blank">the Pydantic docs</a> for `exclude_defaults` and `exclude_none`.
 
 ///
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ That extra info will be added as-is to the output **JSON Schema** for that model
 
 //// tab | Pydantic v2
 
-In Pydantic version 2, you would use the attribute `model_config`, that takes a `dict` as described in <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/model_config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's docs: Model Config</a>.
+In Pydantic version 2, you would use the attribute `model_config`, that takes a `dict` as described in <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/config/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's docs: Configuration</a>.
 
 You can set `"json_schema_extra"` with a `dict` containing any additional data you would like to show up in the generated JSON Schema, including `examples`.
 
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ If the ideas above already work for you, that might be enough, and you probably
 
 Before OpenAPI 3.1.0, OpenAPI used an older and modified version of **JSON Schema**.
 
-JSON Schema didn't have `examples`, so OpenAPI added it's own `example` field to its own modified version.
+JSON Schema didn't have `examples`, so OpenAPI added its own `example` field to its own modified version.
 
 OpenAPI also added `example` and `examples` fields to other parts of the specification:
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md

@@ -56,9 +56,13 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 The <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a> package is automatically installed with **FastAPI** when you run the `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` command.
 
-However, if you use the `pip install fastapi` command, the `python-multipart` package is not included by default. To install it manually, use the following command:
+However, if you use the `pip install fastapi` command, the `python-multipart` package is not included by default.
 
-`pip install python-multipart`
+To install it manually, make sure you create a [virtual environment](../../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it with:
+
+```console
+$ pip install python-multipart
+```
 
 This is because **OAuth2** uses "form data" for sending the `username` and `password`.
 
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ A "bearer" token is not the only option.
 
 But it's the best one for our use case.
 
-And it might be the best for most use cases, unless you are an OAuth2 expert and know exactly why there's another option that suits better your needs.
+And it might be the best for most use cases, unless you are an OAuth2 expert and know exactly why there's another option that better suits your needs.
 
 In that case, **FastAPI** also provides you with the tools to build it.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ And you can make it as complex as you want. And still, have it written only once
 
 But you can have thousands of endpoints (*path operations*) using the same security system.
 
-And all of them (or any portion of them that you want) can take the advantage of re-using these dependencies or any other dependencies you create.
+And all of them (or any portion of them that you want) can take advantage of re-using these dependencies or any other dependencies you create.
 
 And all these thousands of *path operations* can be as small as 3 lines:
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ If you want to play with JWT tokens and see how they work, check <a href="https:
 
 ## Install `PyJWT`
 
-We need to install `PyJWT` to generate and verify the JWT tokens in Python:
+We need to install `PyJWT` to generate and verify the JWT tokens in Python.
+
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install `pyjwt`:
 
 <div class="termy">
 
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ It supports many secure hashing algorithms and utilities to work with them.
 
 The recommended algorithm is "Bcrypt".
 
-So, install PassLib with Bcrypt:
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install PassLib with Bcrypt:
 
 <div class="termy">
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md

@@ -101,7 +101,9 @@ Now let's see what each file/module does.
 
 ## Install `SQLAlchemy`
 
-First you need to install `SQLAlchemy`:
+First you need to install `SQLAlchemy`.
+
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:
 
 <div class="termy">
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md

@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ With it, you can use <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" ta
 
 To use `TestClient`, first install <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">`httpx`</a>.
 
-E.g. `pip install httpx`.
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:
+
+```console
+$ pip install httpx
+```
 
 ///
 
@@ -206,7 +210,9 @@ If you have a Pydantic model in your test and you want to send its data to the a
 
 ## Run it
 
-After that, you just need to install `pytest`:
+After that, you just need to install `pytest`.
+
+Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example:
 
 <div class="termy">
 

docs/en/docs/virtual-environments.md

@@ -0,0 +1,844 @@
+# Virtual Environments
+
+When you work in Python projects you probably should use a **virtual environment** (or a similar mechanism) to isolate the packages you install for each project.
+
+/// info
+
+If you already know about virtual environments, how to create them and use them, you might want to skip this section. 🤓
+
+///
+
+/// tip
+
+A **virtual environment** is different than an **environment variable**.
+
+An **environment variable** is a variable in the system that can be used by programs.
+
+A **virtual environment** is a directory with some files in it.
+
+///
+
+/// info
+
+This page will teach you how to use **virtual environments** and how they work.
+
+If you are ready to adopt a **tool that manages everything** for you (including installing Python), try <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">uv</a>.
+
+///
+
+## Create a Project
+
+First, create a directory for your project.
+
+What I normally do is that I create a directory named `code` inside my home/user directory.
+
+And inside of that I create one directory per project.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Go to the home directory
+$ cd
+// Create a directory for all your code projects
+$ mkdir code
+// Enter into that code directory
+$ cd code
+// Create a directory for this project
+$ mkdir awesome-project
+// Enter into that project directory
+$ cd awesome-project
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Create a Virtual Environment
+
+When you start working on a Python project **for the first time**, create a virtual environment **<abbr title="there are other options, this is a simple guideline">inside your project</abbr>**.
+
+/// tip
+
+You only need to do this **once per project**, not every time you work.
+
+///
+
+//// tab | `venv`
+
+To create a virtual environment, you can use the `venv` module that comes with Python.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python -m venv .venv
+```
+
+</div>
+
+/// details | What that command means
+
+* `python`: use the program called `python`
+* `-m`: call a module as a script, we'll tell it which module next
+* `venv`: use the module called `venv` that normally comes installed with Python
+* `.venv`: create the virtual environment in the new directory `.venv`
+
+///
+
+////
+
+//// tab | `uv`
+
+If you have <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`uv`</a> installed, you can use it to create a virtual environment.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uv venv
+```
+
+</div>
+
+/// tip
+
+By default, `uv` will create a virtual environment in a directory called `.venv`.
+
+But you could customize it passing an additional argument with the directory name.
+
+///
+
+////
+
+That command creates a new virtual environment in a directory called `.venv`.
+
+/// details | `.venv` or other name
+
+You could create the virtual environment in a different directory, but there's a convention of calling it `.venv`.
+
+///
+
+## Activate the Virtual Environment
+
+Activate the new virtual environment so that any Python command you run or package you install uses it.
+
+/// tip
+
+Do this **every time** you start a **new terminal session** to work on the project.
+
+///
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ source .venv/bin/activate
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows PowerShell
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ .venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows Bash
+
+Or if you use Bash for Windows (e.g. <a href="https://gitforwindows.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Git Bash</a>):
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ source .venv/Scripts/activate
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+/// tip
+
+Every time you install a **new package** in that environment, **activate** the environment again.
+
+This makes sure that if you use a **terminal (<abbr title="command line interface">CLI</abbr>) program** installed by that package, you use the one from your virtual environment and not any other that could be installed globally, probably with a different version than what you need.
+
+///
+
+## Check the Virtual Environment is Active
+
+Check that the virtual environment is active (the previous command worked).
+
+/// tip
+
+This is **optional**, but it's a good way to **check** that everything is working as expected and you are using the virtual environment you intended.
+
+///
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ which python
+
+/home/user/code/awesome-project/.venv/bin/python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+If it shows the `python` binary at `.venv/bin/python`, inside of your project (in this case `awesome-project`), then it worked. 🎉
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows PowerShell
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ Get-Command python
+
+C:\Users\user\code\awesome-project\.venv\Scripts\python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+If it shows the `python` binary at `.venv\Scripts\python`, inside of your project (in this case `awesome-project`), then it worked. 🎉
+
+////
+
+## Upgrade `pip`
+
+/// tip
+
+If you use <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`uv`</a> you would use it to install things instead of `pip`, so you don't need to upgrade `pip`. 😎
+
+///
+
+If you are using `pip` to install packages (it comes by default with Python), you should **upgrade** it to the latest version.
+
+Many exotic errors while installing a package are solved by just upgrading `pip` first.
+
+/// tip
+
+You would normally do this **once**, right after you create the virtual environment.
+
+///
+
+Make sure the virtual environment is active (with the command above) and then run:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Add `.gitignore`
+
+If you are using **Git** (you should), add a `.gitignore` file to exclude everything in your `.venv` from Git.
+
+/// tip
+
+If you used <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`uv`</a> to create the virtual environment, it already did this for you, you can skip this step. 😎
+
+///
+
+/// tip
+
+Do this **once**, right after you create the virtual environment.
+
+///
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ echo "*" > .venv/.gitignore
+```
+
+</div>
+
+/// details | What that command means
+
+* `echo "*"`: will "print" the text `*` in the terminal (the next part changes that a bit)
+* `>`: anything printed to the terminal by the command to the left of `>` should not be printed but instead written to the file that goes to the right of `>`
+* `.gitignore`: the name of the file where the text should be written
+
+And `*` for Git means "everything". So, it will ignore everything in the `.venv` directory.
+
+That command will create a file `.gitignore` with the content:
+
+```gitignore
+*
+```
+
+///
+
+## Install Packages
+
+After activating the environment, you can install packages in it.
+
+/// tip
+
+Do this **once** when installing or upgrading the packages your project needs.
+
+If you need to upgrade a version or add a new package you would **do this again**.
+
+///
+
+### Install Packages Directly
+
+If you're in a hurry and don't want to use a file to declare your project's package requirements, you can install them directly.
+
+/// tip
+
+It's a (very) good idea to put the packages and versions your program needs in a file (for example `requirements.txt` or `pyproject.toml`).
+
+///
+
+//// tab | `pip`
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "fastapi[standard]"
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | `uv`
+
+If you have <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`uv`</a>:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uv pip install "fastapi[standard]"
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+### Install from `requirements.txt`
+
+If you have a `requirements.txt`, you can now use it to install its packages.
+
+//// tab | `pip`
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install -r requirements.txt
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | `uv`
+
+If you have <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`uv`</a>:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uv pip install -r requirements.txt
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+/// details | `requirements.txt`
+
+A `requirements.txt` with some packages could look like:
+
+```requirements.txt
+fastapi[standard]==0.113.0
+pydantic==2.8.0
+```
+
+///
+
+## Run Your Program
+
+After you activated the virtual environment, you can run your program, and it will use the Python inside of your virtual environment with the packages you installed there.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python main.py
+
+Hello World
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Configure Your Editor
+
+You would probably use an editor, make sure you configure it to use the same virtual environment you created (it will probably autodetect it) so that you can get autocompletion and inline errors.
+
+For example:
+
+* <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/environments#_select-and-activate-an-environment" class="external-link" target="_blank">VS Code</a>
+* <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/creating-virtual-environment.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a>
+
+/// tip
+
+You normally have to do this only **once**, when you create the virtual environment.
+
+///
+
+## Deactivate the Virtual Environment
+
+Once you are done working on your project you can **deactivate** the virtual environment.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ deactivate
+```
+
+</div>
+
+This way, when you run `python` it won't try to run it from that virtual environment with the packages installed there.
+
+## Ready to Work
+
+Now you're ready to start working on your project.
+
+
+
+/// tip
+
+Do you want to understand what's all that above?
+
+Continue reading. 👇🤓
+
+///
+
+## Why Virtual Environments
+
+To work with FastAPI you need to install <a href="https://www.python.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Python</a>.
+
+After that, you would need to **install** FastAPI and any other **packages** you want to use.
+
+To install packages you would normally use the `pip` command that comes with Python (or similar alternatives).
+
+Nevertheless, if you just use `pip` directly, the packages would be installed in your **global Python environment** (the global installation of Python).
+
+### The Problem
+
+So, what's the problem with installing packages in the global Python environment?
+
+At some point, you will probably end up writing many different programs that depend on **different packages**. And some of these projects you work on will depend on **different versions** of the same package. 😱
+
+For example, you could create a project called `philosophers-stone`, this program depends on another package called **`harry`, using the version `1`**. So, you need to install `harry`.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    stone(philosophers-stone) -->|requires| harry-1[harry v1]
+```
+
+Then, at some point later, you create another project called `prisoner-of-azkaban`, and this project also depends on `harry`, but this project needs **`harry` version `3`**.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    azkaban(prisoner-of-azkaban) --> |requires| harry-3[harry v3]
+```
+
+But now the problem is, if you install the packages globally (in the global environment) instead of in a local **virtual environment**, you will have to choose which version of `harry` to install.
+
+If you want to run `philosophers-stone` you will need to first install `harry` version `1`, for example with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "harry==1"
+```
+
+</div>
+
+And then you would end up with `harry` version `1` installed in your global Python environment.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    subgraph global[global env]
+        harry-1[harry v1]
+    end
+    subgraph stone-project[philosophers-stone project]
+        stone(philosophers-stone) -->|requires| harry-1
+    end
+```
+
+But then if you want to run `prisoner-of-azkaban`, you will need to uninstall `harry` version `1` and install `harry` version `3` (or just installing version `3` would automatically uninstall version `1`).
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "harry==3"
+```
+
+</div>
+
+And then you would end up with `harry` version `3` installed in your global Python environment.
+
+And if you try to run `philosophers-stone` again, there's a chance it would **not work** because it needs `harry` version `1`.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    subgraph global[global env]
+        harry-1[<strike>harry v1</strike>]
+        style harry-1 fill:#ccc,stroke-dasharray: 5 5
+        harry-3[harry v3]
+    end
+    subgraph stone-project[philosophers-stone project]
+        stone(philosophers-stone) -.-x|⛔️| harry-1
+    end
+    subgraph azkaban-project[prisoner-of-azkaban project]
+        azkaban(prisoner-of-azkaban) --> |requires| harry-3
+    end
+```
+
+/// tip
+
+It's very common in Python packages to try the best to **avoid breaking changes** in **new versions**, but it's better to be safe, and install newer versions intentionally and when you can run the tests to check everything is working correctly.
+
+///
+
+Now, imagine that with **many** other **packages** that all your **projects depend on**. That's very difficult to manage. And you would probably end up running some projects with some **incompatible versions** of the packages, and not knowing why something isn't working.
+
+Also, depending on your operating system (e.g. Linux, Windows, macOS), it could have come with Python already installed. And in that case it probably had some packages pre-installed with some specific versions **needed by your system**. If you install packages in the global Python environment, you could end up **breaking** some of the programs that came with your operating system.
+
+## Where are Packages Installed
+
+When you install Python, it creates some directories with some files in your computer.
+
+Some of these directories are the ones in charge of having all the packages you install.
+
+When you run:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Don't run this now, it's just an example 🤓
+$ pip install "fastapi[standard]"
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+That will download a compressed file with the FastAPI code, normally from <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyPI</a>.
+
+It will also **download** files for other packages that FastAPI depends on.
+
+Then it will **extract** all those files and put them in a directory in your computer.
+
+By default, it will put those files downloaded and extracted in the directory that comes with your Python installation, that's the **global environment**.
+
+## What are Virtual Environments
+
+The solution to the problems of having all the packages in the global environment is to use a **virtual environment for each project** you work on.
+
+A virtual environment is a **directory**, very similar to the global one, where you can install the packages for a project.
+
+This way, each project will have its own virtual environment (`.venv` directory) with its own packages.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TB
+    subgraph stone-project[philosophers-stone project]
+        stone(philosophers-stone) --->|requires| harry-1
+        subgraph venv1[.venv]
+            harry-1[harry v1]
+        end
+    end
+    subgraph azkaban-project[prisoner-of-azkaban project]
+        azkaban(prisoner-of-azkaban) --->|requires| harry-3
+        subgraph venv2[.venv]
+            harry-3[harry v3]
+        end
+    end
+    stone-project ~~~ azkaban-project
+```
+
+## What Does Activating a Virtual Environment Mean
+
+When you activate a virtual environment, for example with:
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ source .venv/bin/activate
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows PowerShell
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ .venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows Bash
+
+Or if you use Bash for Windows (e.g. <a href="https://gitforwindows.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Git Bash</a>):
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ source .venv/Scripts/activate
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+That command will create or modify some [environment variables](environment-variables.md){.internal-link target=_blank} that will be available for the next commands.
+
+One of those variables is the `PATH` variable.
+
+/// tip
+
+You can learn more about the `PATH` environment variable in the [Environment Variables](environment-variables.md#path-environment-variable){.internal-link target=_blank} section.
+
+///
+
+Activating a virtual environment adds its path `.venv/bin` (on Linux and macOS) or `.venv\Scripts` (on Windows) to the `PATH` environment variable.
+
+Let's say that before activating the environment, the `PATH` variable looked like this:
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS
+
+```plaintext
+/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
+```
+
+That means that the system would look for programs in:
+
+* `/usr/bin`
+* `/bin`
+* `/usr/sbin`
+* `/sbin`
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows
+
+```plaintext
+C:\Windows\System32
+```
+
+That means that the system would look for programs in:
+
+* `C:\Windows\System32`
+
+////
+
+After activating the virtual environment, the `PATH` variable would look something like this:
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS
+
+```plaintext
+/home/user/code/awesome-project/.venv/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
+```
+
+That means that the system will now start looking first look for programs in:
+
+```plaintext
+/home/user/code/awesome-project/.venv/bin
+```
+
+before looking in the other directories.
+
+So, when you type `python` in the terminal, the system will find the Python program in
+
+```plaintext
+/home/user/code/awesome-project/.venv/bin/python
+```
+
+and use that one.
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows
+
+```plaintext
+C:\Users\user\code\awesome-project\.venv\Scripts;C:\Windows\System32
+```
+
+That means that the system will now start looking first look for programs in:
+
+```plaintext
+C:\Users\user\code\awesome-project\.venv\Scripts
+```
+
+before looking in the other directories.
+
+So, when you type `python` in the terminal, the system will find the Python program in
+
+```plaintext
+C:\Users\user\code\awesome-project\.venv\Scripts\python
+```
+
+and use that one.
+
+////
+
+An important detail is that it will put the virtual environment path at the **beginning** of the `PATH` variable. The system will find it **before** finding any other Python available. This way, when you run `python`, it will use the Python **from the virtual environment** instead of any other `python` (for example, a `python` from a global environment).
+
+Activating a virtual environment also changes a couple of other things, but this is one of the most important things it does.
+
+## Checking a Virtual Environment
+
+When you check if a virtual environment is active, for example with:
+
+//// tab | Linux, macOS, Windows Bash
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ which python
+
+/home/user/code/awesome-project/.venv/bin/python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+//// tab | Windows PowerShell
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ Get-Command python
+
+C:\Users\user\code\awesome-project\.venv\Scripts\python
+```
+
+</div>
+
+////
+
+That means that the `python` program that will be used is the one **in the virtual environment**.
+
+you use `which` in Linux and macOS and `Get-Command` in Windows PowerShell.
+
+The way that command works is that it will go and check in the `PATH` environment variable, going through **each path in order**, looking for the program called `python`. Once it finds it, it will **show you the path** to that program.
+
+The most important part is that when you call `python`, that is the exact "`python`" that will be executed.
+
+So, you can confirm if you are in the correct virtual environment.
+
+/// tip
+
+It's easy to activate one virtual environment, get one Python, and then **go to another project**.
+
+And the second project **wouldn't work** because you are using the **incorrect Python**, from a virtual environment for another project.
+
+It's useful being able to check what `python` is being used. 🤓
+
+///
+
+## Why Deactivate a Virtual Environment
+
+For example, you could be working on a project `philosophers-stone`, **activate that virtual environment**, install packages and work with that environment.
+
+And then you want to work on **another project** `prisoner-of-azkaban`.
+
+You go to that project:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ cd ~/code/prisoner-of-azkaban
+```
+
+</div>
+
+If you don't deactivate the virtual environment for `philosophers-stone`, when you run `python` in the terminal, it will try to use the Python from `philosophers-stone`.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ cd ~/code/prisoner-of-azkaban
+
+$ python main.py
+
+// Error importing sirius, it's not installed 😱
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+    File "main.py", line 1, in <module>
+        import sirius
+```
+
+</div>
+
+But if you deactivate the virtual environment and activate the new one for `prisoner-of-askaban` then when you run `python` it will use the Python from the virtual environment in `prisoner-of-azkaban`.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ cd ~/code/prisoner-of-azkaban
+
+// You don't need to be in the old directory to deactivate, you can do it wherever you are, even after going to the other project 😎
+$ deactivate
+
+// Activate the virtual environment in prisoner-of-azkaban/.venv 🚀
+$ source .venv/bin/activate
+
+// Now when you run python, it will find the package sirius installed in this virtual environment ✨
+$ python main.py
+
+I solemnly swear 🐺
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Alternatives
+
+This is a simple guide to get you started and teach you how everything works **underneath**.
+
+There are many **alternatives** to managing virtual environments, package dependencies (requirements), projects.
+
+Once you are ready and want to use a tool to **manage the entire project**, packages dependencies, virtual environments, etc. I would suggest you try <a href="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv" class="external-link" target="_blank">uv</a>.
+
+`uv` can do a lot of things, it can:
+
+* **Install Python** for you, including different versions
+* Manage the **virtual environment** for your projects
+* Install **packages**
+* Manage package **dependencies and versions** for your project
+* Make sure you have an **exact** set of packages and versions to install, including their dependencies, so that you can be sure that you can run your project in production exactly the same as in your computer while developing, this is called **locking**
+* And many other things
+
+## Conclusion
+
+If you read and understood all this, now **you know much more** about virtual environments than many developers out there. 🤓
+
+Knowing these details will most probably be useful in a future time when you are debugging something that seems complex, but you will know **how it all works underneath**. 😎

docs/en/mkdocs.yml

@@ -102,13 +102,14 @@ plugins:
           show_symbol_type_toc: true
 
 nav:
-- FastAPI:
-  - index.md
-  - features.md
+- FastAPI: index.md
+- features.md
 - Learn:
   - learn/index.md
   - python-types.md
   - async.md
+  - environment-variables.md
+  - virtual-environments.md
   - Tutorial - User Guide:
     - tutorial/index.md
     - tutorial/first-steps.md
@@ -362,6 +363,8 @@ extra:
     name: ja - 日本語
   - link: /ko/
     name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /nl/
+    name: nl - Nederlands
   - link: /pl/
     name: pl - Polski
   - link: /pt/

docs/en/overrides/main.html

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
       </a>
     </div>
     <div class="item">
-      <a title="Coherence" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://docs.withcoherence.com/configuration/frameworks/?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=docs#fastapi-example" target="_blank">
+      <a title="Coherence" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://docs.withcoherence.com/coherence-templates/full-stack-template/#fastapi?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=docs" target="_blank">
         <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
         <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/coherence-banner.png" />
       </a>
@@ -70,12 +70,6 @@
         <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/mongodb-banner.png" />
       </a>
     </div>
-    <div class="item">
-      <a title="Kong Konnect - API management platform" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://konghq.com/products/kong-konnect?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_campaign=platform&utm_content=fast-api" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/kong-banner.png" />
-      </a>
-    </div>
     <div class="item">
       <a title="Zuplo: Scale, Protect, Document, and Monetize your FastAPI" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://zuplo.link/fastapi-web" target="_blank">
         <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>

docs/es/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Para conseguir esto importa `JSONResponse` y devuelve ahí directamente tu conte
 {!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
-/// warning | "Advertencia"
+/// warning | Advertencia
 
 Cuando devuelves directamente una `Response`, como en los ejemplos anteriores, será devuelta directamente.
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Asegúrate de que la respuesta tenga los datos que quieras, y que los valores se
 
 ///
 
-/// note | "Detalles Técnicos"
+/// note | Detalles Técnicos
 
 También podrías utilizar `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.
 

docs/es/docs/advanced/index.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ El [Tutorial - Guía de Usuario](../tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_bl
 
 En las secciones siguientes verás otras opciones, configuraciones, y características adicionales.
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 Las próximas secciones **no son necesariamente "avanzadas"**.
 

docs/es/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md

@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ Deberías hacerlo después de adicionar todas tus *operaciones de path*.
 {!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
 ```
 
-/// tip | "Consejo"
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 Si llamas manualmente a `app.openapi()`, debes actualizar el `operationId`s antes de hacerlo.
 
 ///
 
-/// warning | "Advertencia"
+/// warning | Advertencia
 
 Si haces esto, debes asegurarte de que cada una de tus *funciones de las operaciones de path* tenga un nombre único.
 

docs/es/docs/advanced/response-directly.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Esto puede ser útil, por ejemplo, para devolver cookies o headers personalizado
 
 De hecho, puedes devolver cualquier `Response` o cualquier subclase de la misma.
 
-/// tip | "Consejo"
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 `JSONResponse` en sí misma es una subclase de `Response`.
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Para esos casos, puedes usar el `jsonable_encoder` para convertir tus datos ante
 {!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
-/// note | "Detalles Técnicos"
+/// note | Detalles Técnicos
 
 También puedes usar `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.
 

docs/es/docs/advanced/response-headers.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Crea un response tal como se describe en [Retornar una respuesta directamente](r
 {!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
-/// note | "Detalles Técnicos"
+/// note | Detalles Técnicos
 
 También podrías utilizar `from starlette.responses import Response` o `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.
 

docs/es/docs/advanced/security/index.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 Hay algunas características adicionales para manejar la seguridad además de las que se tratan en el [Tutorial - Guía de Usuario: Seguridad](../../tutorial/security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 Las siguientes secciones **no necesariamente son "avanzadas"**.
 

docs/es/docs/async.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ async def read_results():
     return results
 ```
 
-/// note | "Nota"
+/// note | Nota
 
 Solo puedes usar `await` dentro de funciones creadas con `async def`.
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Tú y esa persona 😍 se comen las hamburguesas 🍔 y la pasan genial ✨.
 
 <img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png" alt="illustration">
 
-/// info
+/// info | Información
 
 Las ilustraciones fueron creados por <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Sólo las comes y listo 🍔 ⏹.
 
 No has hablado ni coqueteado mucho, ya que has pasado la mayor parte del tiempo esperando 🕙 frente al mostrador 😞.
 
-/// info
+/// info | Información
 
 Las ilustraciones fueron creados por <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ Todo eso es lo que impulsa FastAPI (a través de Starlette) y lo que hace que te
 
 ## Detalles muy técnicos
 
-/// warning | "Advertencia"
+/// warning | Advertencia
 
 Probablemente puedas saltarte esto.
 

docs/es/docs/deployment/versions.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Siguiendo las convenciones de *Semantic Versioning*, cualquier versión por deba
 
 FastAPI también sigue la convención de que cualquier cambio hecho en una <abbr title="versiones de parche">"PATCH" version</abbr> es para solucionar errores y <abbr title="cambios que no rompan funcionalidades o compatibilidad">*non-breaking changes*</abbr>.
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 El <abbr title="parche">"PATCH"</abbr> es el último número, por ejemplo, en `0.2.3`, la <abbr title="versiones de parche">PATCH version</abbr> es `3`.
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
 
 En versiones <abbr title="versiones menores">"MINOR"</abbr> son añadidas nuevas características y posibles <abbr title="Cambios que rompen posibles funcionalidades o compatibilidad">breaking changes</abbr>.
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 La versión "MINOR" es el número en el medio, por ejemplo, en `0.2.3`, la <abbr title="versión menor">"MINOR" version</abbr> es `2`.
 

docs/es/docs/features.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ second_user_data = {
 my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data)
 ```
 
-/// info
+/// info | Información
 
 `**second_user_data` significa:
 

docs/es/docs/how-to/graphql.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Como **FastAPI** está basado en el estándar **ASGI**, es muy fácil integrar c
 
 Puedes combinar *operaciones de path* regulares de la library de FastAPI con GraphQL en la misma aplicación.
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 **GraphQL** resuelve algunos casos de uso específicos.
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Versiones anteriores de Starlette incluyen la clase `GraphQLApp` para integrarlo
 
 Esto fue marcado como obsoleto en Starlette, pero si aún tienes código que lo usa, puedes fácilmente **migrar** a <a href="https://github.com/ciscorn/starlette-graphene3" class="external-link" target="_blank">starlette-graphene3</a>, la cual cubre el mismo caso de uso y tiene una **interfaz casi idéntica.**
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 Si necesitas GraphQL, te recomendaría revisar <a href="https://strawberry.rocks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a>, que es basada en anotaciones de tipo en vez de clases y tipos personalizados.
 

docs/es/docs/index.md

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ Para entender más al respecto revisa la sección <a href="https://fastapi.tiang
 
 Usadas por Pydantic:
 
-* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - para validación de emails.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email-validator</code></a> - para validación de emails.
 
 Usados por Starlette:
 

docs/es/docs/project-generation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Plantilla de FastAPI Full Stack
+
+Las plantillas, aunque típicamente vienen con una configuración específica, están diseñadas para ser flexibles y personalizables. Esto te permite modificarlas y adaptarlas a los requisitos de tu proyecto, lo que las convierte en un excelente punto de partida. 🏁
+
+Puedes utilizar esta plantilla para comenzar, ya que incluye gran parte de la configuración inicial, seguridad, base de datos y algunos endpoints de API ya realizados.
+
+Repositorio en GitHub: [Full Stack FastAPI Template](https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-template)
+
+## Plantilla de FastAPI Full Stack - Tecnología y Características
+
+- ⚡ [**FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com) para el backend API en Python.
+    - 🧰 [SQLModel](https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com) para las interacciones con la base de datos SQL en Python (ORM).
+    - 🔍 [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev), utilizado por FastAPI, para la validación de datos y la gestión de configuraciones.
+    - 💾 [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org) como la base de datos SQL.
+- 🚀 [React](https://react.dev) para el frontend.
+    - 💃 Usando TypeScript, hooks, Vite y otras partes de un stack de frontend moderno.
+    - 🎨 [Chakra UI](https://chakra-ui.com) para los componentes del frontend.
+    - 🤖 Un cliente frontend generado automáticamente.
+    - 🧪 Playwright para pruebas End-to-End.
+    - 🦇 Soporte para modo oscuro.
+- 🐋 [Docker Compose](https://www.docker.com) para desarrollo y producción.
+- 🔒 Hashing seguro de contraseñas por defecto.
+- 🔑 Autenticación con token JWT.
+- 📫 Recuperación de contraseñas basada en email.
+- ✅ Tests con [Pytest](https://pytest.org).
+- 📞 [Traefik](https://traefik.io) como proxy inverso / balanceador de carga.
+- 🚢 Instrucciones de despliegue utilizando Docker Compose, incluyendo cómo configurar un proxy frontend Traefik para manejar certificados HTTPS automáticos.
+- 🏭 CI (integración continua) y CD (despliegue continuo) basados en GitHub Actions.

docs/es/docs/python-types.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Todo **FastAPI** está basado en estos type hints, lo que le da muchas ventajas
 
 Pero, así nunca uses **FastAPI** te beneficiarás de aprender un poco sobre los type hints.
 
-/// note | "Nota"
+/// note | Nota
 
 Si eres un experto en Python y ya lo sabes todo sobre los type hints, salta al siguiente capítulo.
 
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ Tomado de la documentación oficial de Pydantic:
 {!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!}
 ```
 
-/// info | "Información"
+/// info | Información
 
 Para aprender más sobre <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic mira su documentación</a>.
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Puede que todo esto suene abstracto. Pero no te preocupes que todo lo verás en
 
 Lo importante es que usando los tipos de Python estándar en un único lugar (en vez de añadir más clases, decorator, etc.) **FastAPI** hará mucho del trabajo por ti.
 
-/// info | "Información"
+/// info | Información
 
 Si ya pasaste por todo el tutorial y volviste a la sección de los tipos, una buena referencia es <a href="https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cheat_sheet_py3.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">la "cheat sheet" de `mypy`</a>.
 

docs/es/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ Primero importa `Cookie`:
 
 //// tab | Python 3.10+ non-Annotated
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
-Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+Es preferible utilizar la versión `Annotated` si es posible.
 
 ///
 
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 //// tab | Python 3.8+ non-Annotated
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
-Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+Es preferible utilizar la versión `Annotated` si es posible.
 
 ///
 
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ El primer valor es el valor por defecto, puedes pasar todos los parámetros adic
 
 //// tab | Python 3.10+ non-Annotated
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
-Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+Es preferible utilizar la versión `Annotated` si es posible.
 
 ///
 
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
 
 //// tab | Python 3.8+ non-Annotated
 
-/// tip
+/// tip | Consejo
 
-Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.
+Es preferible utilizar la versión `Annotated` si es posible.
 
 ///
 

docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
 
 </div>
 
-/// note | "Nota"
+/// note | Nota
 
 El comando `uvicorn main:app` se refiere a:
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ También podrías usarlo para generar código automáticamente, para los cliente
 
 `FastAPI` es una clase de Python que provee toda la funcionalidad para tu API.
 
-/// note | "Detalles Técnicos"
+/// note | Detalles Técnicos
 
 `FastAPI` es una clase que hereda directamente de `Starlette`.
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ https://example.com/items/foo
 /items/foo
 ```
 
-/// info | "Información"
+/// info | Información
 
 Un "path" también se conoce habitualmente como "endpoint", "route" o "ruta".
 
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ El `@app.get("/")` le dice a **FastAPI** que la función que tiene justo debajo
 * el path `/`
 * usando una <abbr title="an HTTP GET method">operación <code>get</code></abbr>
 
-/// info | "Información sobre `@decorator`"
+/// info | Información sobre `@decorator`
 
 Esa sintaxis `@algo` se llama un "decorador" en Python.
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ y las más exóticas:
 * `@app.patch()`
 * `@app.trace()`
 
-/// tip | "Consejo"
+/// tip | Consejo
 
 Tienes la libertad de usar cada operación (método de HTTP) como quieras.
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ También podrías definirla como una función estándar en lugar de `async def`:
 {!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!}
 ```
 
-/// note | "Nota"
+/// note | Nota
 
 Si no sabes la diferencia, revisa el [Async: *"¿Tienes prisa?"*](../async.md#tienes-prisa){.internal-link target=_blank}.