Rename docs_src/websockets to docs_src/websockets_

[skip ci]

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ internal:
         - scripts/**
         - .gitignore
         - .pre-commit-config.yaml
-        - pdm_build.py
-        - requirements*.txt
         - uv.lock
         - docs/en/data/sponsors.yml
         - docs/en/overrides/main.html

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -8,11 +8,6 @@ on:
 jobs:
   publish:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        package:
-          - fastapi
-          - fastapi-slim
     permissions:
       id-token: write
       contents: read
@@ -26,14 +21,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version-file: ".python-version"
-          # Issue ref: https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/436
-          # cache: "pip"
-          # cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
       - name: Install uv
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
       - name: Build distribution
         run: uv build
-        env:
-          TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE: ${{ matrix.package }}
       - name: Publish
         run: uv publish

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -68,10 +68,8 @@ jobs:
             python-version: "3.13"
             coverage: coverage
             uv-resolution: highest
-            # Ubuntu with 3.13 needs coverage for CodSpeed benchmarks
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             python-version: "3.13"
-            coverage: coverage
             uv-resolution: highest
             codspeed: codspeed
           - os: ubuntu-latest
@@ -109,20 +107,10 @@ jobs:
         run: uv pip install "git+https://github.com/Kludex/starlette@main"
       - run: mkdir coverage
       - name: Test
-        if: matrix.codspeed != 'codspeed'
         run: uv run --no-sync bash scripts/test.sh
         env:
           COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
           CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      - name: CodSpeed benchmarks
-        if: matrix.codspeed == 'codspeed'
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v4
-        env:
-            COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
-            CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        with:
-          mode: simulation
-          run: uv run --no-sync coverage run -m pytest tests/ --codspeed
       # Do not store coverage for all possible combinations to avoid file size max errors in Smokeshow
       - name: Store coverage files
         if: matrix.coverage == 'coverage'
@@ -132,6 +120,39 @@ jobs:
           path: coverage
           include-hidden-files: true
 
+  benchmark:
+    needs:
+      - changes
+    if: needs.changes.outputs.src == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      UV_PYTHON: "3.13"
+      UV_RESOLUTION: highest
+    steps:
+      - name: Dump GitHub context
+        env:
+          GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
+        run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Setup uv
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          cache-dependency-glob: |
+            pyproject.toml
+            uv.lock
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: uv sync --no-dev --group tests --extra all
+      - name: CodSpeed benchmarks
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v4
+        with:
+          mode: simulation
+          run: uv run --no-sync pytest tests/benchmarks --codspeed
+
   coverage-combine:
     needs:
       - test
@@ -176,6 +197,7 @@ jobs:
     if: always()
     needs:
       - coverage-combine
+      - benchmark
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Dump GitHub context
@@ -186,4 +208,4 @@ jobs:
         uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
         with:
           jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}
-          allowed-skips: coverage-combine,test
+          allowed-skips: coverage-combine,test,benchmark

docs/de/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ In der Produktion hätten Sie eine der oben genannten Optionen.
 
 Aber es ist der einfachste Weg, sich auf die Serverseite von WebSockets zu konzentrieren und ein funktionierendes Beispiel zu haben:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Einen `websocket` erstellen { #create-a-websocket }
 
 Erstellen Sie in Ihrer **FastAPI**-Anwendung einen `websocket`:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Technische Details
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Sie könnten auch `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket` verwenden.
 
 In Ihrer WebSocket-Route können Sie Nachrichten `await`en und Nachrichten senden.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 Sie können Binär-, Text- und JSON-Daten empfangen und senden.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ In WebSocket-Endpunkten können Sie Folgendes aus `fastapi` importieren und verw
 
 Diese funktionieren auf die gleiche Weise wie für andere FastAPI-Endpunkte/*Pfadoperationen*:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info | Info
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Damit können Sie den WebSocket verbinden und dann Nachrichten senden und empfan
 
 Wenn eine WebSocket-Verbindung geschlossen wird, löst `await websocket.receive_text()` eine `WebSocketDisconnect`-Exception aus, die Sie dann wie in folgendem Beispiel abfangen und behandeln können.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 Zum Ausprobieren:
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others { #custom-response-html-stream-file-others }
 
-By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using `JSONResponse`.
+By default, **FastAPI** will return JSON responses.
 
 You can override it by returning a `Response` directly as seen in [Return a Response directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
@@ -10,43 +10,27 @@ But you can also declare the `Response` that you want to be used (e.g. any `Resp
 
 The contents that you return from your *path operation function* will be put inside of that `Response`.
 
-And if that `Response` has a JSON media type (`application/json`), like is the case with the `JSONResponse` and `UJSONResponse`, the data you return will be automatically converted (and filtered) with any Pydantic `response_model` that you declared in the *path operation decorator*.
-
 /// note
 
 If you use a response class with no media type, FastAPI will expect your response to have no content, so it will not document the response format in its generated OpenAPI docs.
 
 ///
 
-## Use `ORJSONResponse` { #use-orjsonresponse }
+## JSON Responses { #json-responses }
 
-For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a> and set the response to be `ORJSONResponse`.
+By default FastAPI returns JSON responses.
 
-Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *path operation decorator*.
+If you declare a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} FastAPI will use it to serialize the data to JSON, using Pydantic.
 
-For large responses, returning a `Response` directly is much faster than returning a dictionary.
+If you don't declare a response model, FastAPI will use the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and put it in a `JSONResponse`.
 
-This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable as JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
+If you declare a `response_class` with a JSON media type (`application/json`), like is the case with the `JSONResponse`, the data you return will be automatically converted (and filtered) with any Pydantic `response_model` that you declared in the *path operation decorator*. But the data won't be serialized to JSON bytes with Pydantic, instead it will be converted with the `jsonable_encoder` and then passed to the `JSONResponse` class, which will serialize it to bytes using the standard JSON library in Python.
 
-But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the `jsonable_encoder` before passing it to the response class.
+### JSON Performance { #json-performance }
 
-{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b_py310.py hl[2,7] *}
+In short, if you want the maximum performance, use a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and don't declare a `response_class` in the *path operation decorator*.
 
-/// info
-
-The parameter `response_class` will also be used to define the "media type" of the response.
-
-In this case, the HTTP header `Content-Type` will be set to `application/json`.
-
-And it will be documented as such in OpenAPI.
-
-///
-
-/// tip
-
-The `ORJSONResponse` is only available in FastAPI, not in Starlette.
-
-///
+{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py ln[15:17] hl[16] *}
 
 ## HTML Response { #html-response }
 
@@ -154,40 +138,6 @@ Takes some data and returns an `application/json` encoded response.
 
 This is the default response used in **FastAPI**, as you read above.
 
-### `ORJSONResponse` { #orjsonresponse }
-
-A fast alternative JSON response using <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, as you read above.
-
-/// info
-
-This requires installing `orjson` for example with `pip install orjson`.
-
-///
-
-### `UJSONResponse` { #ujsonresponse }
-
-An alternative JSON response using <a href="https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ujson`</a>.
-
-/// info
-
-This requires installing `ujson` for example with `pip install ujson`.
-
-///
-
-/// warning
-
-`ujson` is less careful than Python's built-in implementation in how it handles some edge-cases.
-
-///
-
-{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,7] *}
-
-/// tip
-
-It's possible that `ORJSONResponse` might be a faster alternative.
-
-///
-
 ### `RedirectResponse` { #redirectresponse }
 
 Returns an HTTP redirect. Uses a 307 status code (Temporary Redirect) by default.
@@ -268,7 +218,7 @@ In this case, you can return the file path directly from your *path operation* f
 
 You can create your own custom response class, inheriting from `Response` and using it.
 
-For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class.
+For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a> with some settings.
 
 Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`.
 
@@ -292,13 +242,21 @@ Now instead of returning:
 
 Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉
 
+### `orjson` or Response Model { #orjson-or-response-model }
+
+If what you are looking for is performance, you are probably better off using a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} than an `orjson` response.
+
+With a response model, FastAPI will use Pydantic to serialize the data to JSON, without using intermediate steps, like converting it with `jsonable_encoder`, which would happen in any other case.
+
+And under the hood, Pydantic uses the same underlying Rust mechanisms as `orjson` to serialize to JSON, so you will already get the best performance with a response model.
+
 ## Default response class { #default-response-class }
 
 When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default.
 
 The parameter that defines this is `default_response_class`.
 
-In the example below, **FastAPI** will use `ORJSONResponse` by default, in all *path operations*, instead of `JSONResponse`.
+In the example below, **FastAPI** will use `HTMLResponse` by default, in all *path operations*, instead of JSON.
 
 {* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial010_py310.py hl[2,4] *}
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/response-directly.md

@@ -2,19 +2,23 @@
 
 When you create a **FastAPI** *path operation* you can normally return any data from it: a `dict`, a `list`, a Pydantic model, a database model, etc.
 
-By default, **FastAPI** would automatically convert that return value to JSON using the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+If you declare a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} FastAPI will use it to serialize the data to JSON, using Pydantic.
 
-Then, behind the scenes, it would put that JSON-compatible data (e.g. a `dict`) inside of a `JSONResponse` that would be used to send the response to the client.
+If you don't declare a response model, FastAPI will use the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and put it in a `JSONResponse`.
 
-But you can return a `JSONResponse` directly from your *path operations*.
+You could also create a `JSONResponse` directly and return it.
 
-It might be useful, for example, to return custom headers or cookies.
+/// tip
+
+You will normally have much better performance using a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} than returning a `JSONResponse` directly, as that way it serializes the data using Pydantic, in Rust.
+
+///
 
 ## Return a `Response` { #return-a-response }
 
-In fact, you can return any `Response` or any sub-class of it.
+You can return any `Response` or any sub-class of it.
 
-/// tip
+/// info
 
 `JSONResponse` itself is a sub-class of `Response`.
 
@@ -56,6 +60,18 @@ You could put your XML content in a string, put that in a `Response`, and return
 
 {* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002_py310.py hl[1,18] *}
 
+## How a Response Model Works { #how-a-response-model-works }
+
+When you declare a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in a path operation, **FastAPI** will use it to serialize the data to JSON, using Pydantic.
+
+{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py hl[16,21] *}
+
+As that will happen on the Rust side, the performance will be much better than if it was done with regular Python and the `JSONResponse` class.
+
+When using a response model FastAPI won't use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert the data (which would be slower) nor the `JSONResponse` class.
+
+Instead it takes the JSON bytes generated with Pydantic using the response model and returns a `Response` with the right media type for JSON directly (`application/json`).
+
 ## Notes { #notes }
 
 When you return a `Response` directly its data is not validated, converted (serialized), or documented automatically.

docs/en/docs/advanced/strict-content-type.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# Strict Content-Type Checking { #strict-content-type-checking }
+
+By default, **FastAPI** uses strict `Content-Type` header checking for JSON request bodies, this means that JSON requests **must** include a valid `Content-Type` header (e.g. `application/json`) in order for the body to be parsed as JSON.
+
+## CSRF Risk { #csrf-risk }
+
+This default behavior provides protection against a class of **Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)** attacks in a very specific scenario.
+
+These attacks exploit the fact that browsers allow scripts to send requests without doing any CORS preflight check when they:
+
+* don't have a `Content-Type` header (e.g. using `fetch()` with a `Blob` body)
+* and don't send any authentication credentials.
+
+This type of attack is mainly relevant when:
+
+* the application is running locally (e.g. on `localhost`) or in an internal network
+* and the application doesn't have any authentication, it expects that any request from the same network can be trusted.
+
+## Example Attack { #example-attack }
+
+Imagine you build a way to run a local AI agent.
+
+It provides an API at
+
+```
+http://localhost:8000/v1/agents/multivac
+```
+
+There's also a frontend at
+
+```
+http://localhost:8000
+```
+
+/// tip
+
+Note that both have the same host.
+
+///
+
+Then using the frontend you can make the AI agent do things on your behalf.
+
+As it's running **locally**, and not in the open internet, you decide to **not have any authentication** set up, just trusting the access to the local network.
+
+Then one of your users could install it and run it locally.
+
+Then they could open a malicious website, e.g. something like
+
+```
+https://evilhackers.example.com
+```
+
+And that malicious website sends requests using `fetch()` with a `Blob` body to the local API at
+
+```
+http://localhost:8000/v1/agents/multivac
+```
+
+Even though the host of the malicious website and the local app is different, the browser won't trigger a CORS preflight request because:
+
+* It's running without any authentication, it doesn't have to send any credentials.
+* The browser thinks it's not sending JSON (because of the missing `Content-Type` header).
+
+Then the malicious website could make the local AI agent send angry messages to the user's ex-boss... or worse. 😅
+
+## Open Internet { #open-internet }
+
+If your app is in the open internet, you wouldn't "trust the network" and let anyone send privileged requests without authentication.
+
+Attackers could simply run a script to send requests to your API, no need for browser interaction, so you are probably already securing any privileged endpoints.
+
+In that case **this attack / risk doesn't apply to you**.
+
+This risk and attack is mainly relevant when the app runs on the **local network** and that is the **only assumed protection**.
+
+## Allowing Requests Without Content-Type { #allowing-requests-without-content-type }
+
+If you need to support clients that don't send a `Content-Type` header, you can disable strict checking by setting `strict_content_type=False`:
+
+{* ../../docs_src/strict_content_type/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4] *}
+
+With this setting, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have their body parsed as JSON, which is the same behavior as older versions of FastAPI.
+
+/// info
+
+This behavior and configuration was added in FastAPI 0.132.0.
+
+///

docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ In production you would have one of the options above.
 
 But it's the simplest way to focus on the server-side of WebSockets and have a working example:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Create a `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 In your **FastAPI** application, create a `websocket`:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Technical Details
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ You could also use `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket`.
 
 In your WebSocket route you can `await` for messages and send messages.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 You can receive and send binary, text, and JSON data.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ In WebSocket endpoints you can import from `fastapi` and use:
 
 They work the same way as for other FastAPI endpoints/*path operations*:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ With that you can connect the WebSocket and then send and receive messages:
 
 When a WebSocket connection is closed, the `await websocket.receive_text()` will raise a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception, which you can then catch and handle like in this example.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 To try it out:
 

docs/en/docs/how-to/general.md

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Here are several pointers to other places in the docs, for general or frequent q
 
 To ensure that you don't return more data than you should, read the docs for [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
+## Optimize Response Performance - Response Model - Return Type { #optimize-response-performance-response-model-return-type }
+
+To optimize performance when returning JSON data, use a return type or response model, that way Pydantic will handle the serialization to JSON on the Rust side, without going through Python. Read more in the docs for [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
 ## Documentation Tags - OpenAPI { #documentation-tags-openapi }
 
 To add tags to your *path operations*, and group them in the docs UI, read the docs for [Tutorial - Path Operation Configurations - Tags](../tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md#tags){.internal-link target=_blank}.

docs/en/docs/reference/responses.md

@@ -22,7 +22,13 @@ from fastapi.responses import (
 
 ## FastAPI Responses
 
-There are a couple of custom FastAPI response classes, you can use them to optimize JSON performance.
+There were a couple of custom FastAPI response classes that were intended to optimize JSON performance.
+
+However, they are now deprecated as you will now get better performance by using a [Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+That way, Pydantic will serialize the data into JSON bytes on the Rust side, which will achieve better performance than these custom JSON responses.
+
+Read more about it in [Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others - `orjson` or Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model).
 
 ::: fastapi.responses.UJSONResponse
     options:

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -7,6 +7,51 @@ hide:
 
 ## Latest Changes
 
+### Internal
+
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People - Experts. PR [#14972](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14972) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Allow skipping `benchmark` job in `test` workflow. PR [#14974](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14974) by [@YuriiMotov](https://github.com/YuriiMotov).
+
+## 0.132.0
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+* 🔒️ Add `strict_content_type` checking for JSON requests. PR [#14978](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14978) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+    * Now FastAPI checks, by default, that JSON requests have a `Content-Type` header with a valid JSON value, like `application/json`, and rejects requests that don't.
+    * If the clients for your app don't send a valid `Content-Type` header you can disable this with `strict_content_type=False`.
+    * Check the new docs: [Strict Content-Type Checking](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ Bump flask from 3.1.2 to 3.1.3. PR [#14949](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14949) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Update all dependencies to use `griffelib` instead of `griffe`. PR [#14973](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14973) by [@svlandeg](https://github.com/svlandeg).
+* 🔨 Fix `FastAPI People` workflow. PR [#14951](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14951) by [@YuriiMotov](https://github.com/YuriiMotov).
+* 👷 Do not run codspeed with coverage as it's not tracked. PR [#14966](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14966) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Do not include benchmark tests in coverage to speed up coverage processing. PR [#14965](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14965) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.131.0
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+* 🗑️ Deprecate `ORJSONResponse` and `UJSONResponse`. PR [#14964](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14964) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.130.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Serialize JSON response with Pydantic (in Rust), when there's a Pydantic return type or response model. PR [#14962](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14962) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+    * This results in 2x (or more) performance increase for JSON responses.
+    * New docs: [Custom Response - JSON Performance](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#json-performance).
+
+## 0.129.2
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade pytest. PR [#14959](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14959) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Fix CI, do not attempt to publish `fastapi-slim`. PR [#14958](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14958) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ➖ Drop support for `fastapi-slim`, no more versions will be released, use only `"fastapi[standard]"` or `fastapi`. PR [#14957](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14957) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update pyproject.toml, remove unneeded lines. PR [#14956](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14956) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
 ## 0.129.1
 
 ### Fixes

docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ FastAPI will use this return type to:
 * Add a **JSON Schema** for the response, in the OpenAPI *path operation*.
     * This will be used by the **automatic docs**.
     * It will also be used by automatic client code generation tools.
+* **Serialize** the returned data to JSON using Pydantic, which is written in **Rust**, so it will be **much faster**.
 
 But most importantly:
 

docs/en/mkdocs.yml

@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ nav:
     - advanced/generate-clients.md
     - advanced/advanced-python-types.md
     - advanced/json-base64-bytes.md
+    - advanced/strict-content-type.md
   - fastapi-cli.md
   - Deployment:
     - deployment/index.md

docs/es/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ En producción tendrías una de las opciones anteriores.
 
 Pero es la forma más sencilla de enfocarse en el lado del servidor de WebSockets y tener un ejemplo funcional:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Crear un `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 En tu aplicación de **FastAPI**, crea un `websocket`:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Detalles Técnicos
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ También podrías usar `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket`.
 
 En tu ruta de WebSocket puedes `await` para recibir mensajes y enviar mensajes.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 Puedes recibir y enviar datos binarios, de texto y JSON.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ En endpoints de WebSocket puedes importar desde `fastapi` y usar:
 
 Funcionan de la misma manera que para otros endpoints de FastAPI/*path operations*:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info | Información
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Con eso puedes conectar el WebSocket y luego enviar y recibir mensajes:
 
 Cuando una conexión de WebSocket se cierra, el `await websocket.receive_text()` lanzará una excepción `WebSocketDisconnect`, que puedes capturar y manejar como en este ejemplo.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 Para probarlo:
 

docs/fr/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ En production, vous auriez l'une des options ci-dessus.
 
 Mais c'est la façon la plus simple de se concentrer sur la partie serveur des WebSockets et d'avoir un exemple fonctionnel :
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Créer un `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 Dans votre application **FastAPI**, créez un `websocket` :
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Détails techniques
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Vous pourriez aussi utiliser `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket`.
 
 Dans votre route WebSocket, vous pouvez `await` des messages et envoyer des messages.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 Vous pouvez recevoir et envoyer des données binaires, texte et JSON.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Dans les endpoints WebSocket, vous pouvez importer depuis `fastapi` et utiliser
 
 Ils fonctionnent de la même manière que pour les autres endpoints/*chemins d'accès* FastAPI :
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Avec cela, vous pouvez connecter le WebSocket puis envoyer et recevoir des messa
 
 Lorsqu'une connexion WebSocket est fermée, l'instruction `await websocket.receive_text()` lèvera une exception `WebSocketDisconnect`, que vous pouvez ensuite intercepter et gérer comme dans cet exemple.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 Pour l'essayer :
 

docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 しかし、これはWebSocketsのサーバーサイドに焦点を当て、動作する例を示す最も簡単な方法です。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## `websocket` を作成する { #create-a-websocket }
 
 **FastAPI** アプリケーションで、`websocket` を作成します。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | 技術詳細
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 WebSocketルートでは、メッセージを待機して送信するために `await` を使用できます。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 バイナリやテキストデータ、JSONデータを送受信できます。
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ WebSocketエンドポイントでは、`fastapi` から以下をインポート
 
 これらは、他のFastAPI エンドポイント/*path operations* の場合と同じように機能します。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info | 情報
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 WebSocket接続が閉じられると、 `await websocket.receive_text()` は例外 `WebSocketDisconnect` を発生させ、この例のようにキャッチして処理することができます。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 試してみるには、
 

docs/ko/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 그러나 이는 WebSockets의 서버 측에 집중하고 동작하는 예제를 제공하는 가장 간단한 방법입니다:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## `websocket` 생성하기 { #create-a-websocket }
 
 **FastAPI** 애플리케이션에서 `websocket`을 생성합니다:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | 기술 세부사항
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 WebSocket 경로에서 메시지를 대기(`await`)하고 전송할 수 있습니다.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 여러분은 이진 데이터, 텍스트, JSON 데이터를 받을 수 있고 전송할 수 있습니다.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ WebSocket 엔드포인트에서 `fastapi`에서 다음을 가져와 사용할
 
 이들은 다른 FastAPI 엔드포인트/*경로 처리*와 동일하게 동작합니다:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info | 정보
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 WebSocket 연결이 닫히면, `await websocket.receive_text()`가 `WebSocketDisconnect` 예외를 발생시킵니다. 그러면 이 예제처럼 이를 잡아 처리할 수 있습니다.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 테스트해보기:
 

docs/pt/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ Na produção, você teria uma das opções acima.
 
 Mas é a maneira mais simples de focar no lado do servidor de WebSockets e ter um exemplo funcional:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Crie um `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 Em sua aplicação **FastAPI**, crie um `websocket`:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Detalhes Técnicos
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ A **FastAPI** fornece o mesmo `WebSocket` diretamente apenas como uma conveniên
 
 Em sua rota WebSocket você pode esperar (`await`) por mensagens e enviar mensagens.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 Você pode receber e enviar dados binários, de texto e JSON.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Nos endpoints WebSocket você pode importar do `fastapi` e usar:
 
 Eles funcionam da mesma forma que para outros endpoints FastAPI/*operações de rota*:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info | Informação
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Com isso você pode conectar o WebSocket e então enviar e receber mensagens:
 
 Quando uma conexão WebSocket é fechada, o `await websocket.receive_text()` levantará uma exceção `WebSocketDisconnect`, que você pode então capturar e lidar como neste exemplo.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 Para testar:
 

docs/ru/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 Для примера нам нужен наиболее простой способ, который позволит сосредоточиться на серверной части веб‑сокетов и получить рабочий код:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Создание `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 Создайте `websocket` в своем **FastAPI** приложении:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Технические детали
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 Через эндпоинт веб-сокета вы можете получать и отправлять сообщения.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 Вы можете получать и отправлять двоичные, текстовые и JSON данные.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 Они работают так же, как и в других FastAPI эндпоинтах/*операциях пути*:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info | Примечание
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 Если веб-сокет соединение закрыто, то `await websocket.receive_text()` вызовет исключение `WebSocketDisconnect`, которое можно поймать и обработать как в этом примере:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 Чтобы воспроизвести пример:
 

docs/tr/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ Production'da yukarıdaki seçeneklerden birini kullanırsınız.
 
 Ama WebSockets'in server tarafına odaklanmak ve çalışan bir örnek görmek için en basit yol bu:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Bir `websocket` Oluşturun { #create-a-websocket }
 
 **FastAPI** uygulamanızda bir `websocket` oluşturun:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Teknik Detaylar
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Ama WebSockets'in server tarafına odaklanmak ve çalışan bir örnek görmek i
 
 WebSocket route'unuzda mesajları `await` edebilir ve mesaj gönderebilirsiniz.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 Binary, text ve JSON verisi alıp gönderebilirsiniz.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ WebSocket endpoint'lerinde `fastapi` içinden import edip şunları kullanabilir
 
 Diğer FastAPI endpoint'leri/*path operations* ile aynı şekilde çalışırlar:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info | Bilgi
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Bununla WebSocket'e bağlanabilir, ardından mesaj gönderip alabilirsiniz:
 
 Bir WebSocket bağlantısı kapandığında, `await websocket.receive_text()` bir `WebSocketDisconnect` exception'ı raise eder; ardından bunu bu örnekteki gibi yakalayıp (catch) yönetebilirsiniz.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 Denemek için:
 

docs/uk/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 Але це найпростіший спосіб зосередитися на серверній частині WebSockets і мати робочий приклад:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## Створіть `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 У вашому застосунку **FastAPI** створіть `websocket`:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | Технічні деталі
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 У вашому маршруті WebSocket ви можете `await` повідомлення і надсилати повідомлення.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 Ви можете отримувати та надсилати бінарні, текстові та JSON-дані.
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 Вони працюють так само, як для інших ендпойнтів FastAPI/*операцій шляху*:
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 Коли з'єднання WebSocket закривається, `await websocket.receive_text()` підніме виняток `WebSocketDisconnect`, який ви можете перехопити й обробити, як у цьому прикладі.
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 Щоб спробувати:
 

docs/zh-hant/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 但這是能讓我們專注於 WebSocket 伺服端並跑起一個可運作範例的最簡單方式：
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## 建立一個 `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 在你的 **FastAPI** 應用中，建立一個 `websocket`：
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | 技術細節
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 在你的 WebSocket 路由中，你可以 `await` 接收訊息並傳送訊息。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 你可以接收與傳送二進位、文字與 JSON 資料。
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 它們的運作方式與其他 FastAPI 端點/*路徑操作* 相同：
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 當 WebSocket 連線關閉時，`await websocket.receive_text()` 會拋出 `WebSocketDisconnect` 例外，你可以像範例中那樣捕捉並處理。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 試用方式：
 

docs/zh/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 但这是一种专注于 WebSockets 的服务器端并提供一个工作示例的最简单方式：
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,6:38,41:43] *}
 
 ## 创建 `websocket` { #create-a-websocket }
 
 在您的 **FastAPI** 应用程序中，创建一个 `websocket`：
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,46:47] *}
 
 /// note | 技术细节
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ $ pip install websockets
 
 在您的 WebSocket 路由中，您可以使用 `await` 等待消息并发送消息。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[48:52] *}
 
 您可以接收和发送二进制、文本和 JSON 数据。
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 它们的工作方式与其他 FastAPI 端点/*路径操作* 相同：
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[68:69,82] *}
 
 /// info
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ fastapi dev main.py
 
 当 WebSocket 连接关闭时，`await websocket.receive_text()` 将引发 `WebSocketDisconnect` 异常，您可以捕获并处理该异常，就像本示例中的示例一样。
 
-{* ../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
+{* ../../docs_src/websockets_/tutorial003_py310.py hl[79:81] *}
 
 尝试以下操作：
 

docs_src/custom_response/tutorial010_py310.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
 
-app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
+app = FastAPI(default_response_class=HTMLResponse)
 
 
 @app.get("/items/")
 async def read_items():
-    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
+    return "<h1>Items</h1><p>This is a list of items.</p>"

docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py39.py

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-def get_items(item_a: str, item_b: int, item_c: float, item_d: bool, item_e: bytes):
-    return item_a, item_b, item_c, item_d, item_e

docs_src/strict_content_type/tutorial001_py310.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI(strict_content_type=False)
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+@app.post("/items/")
+async def create_item(item: Item):
+    return item

fastapi/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""
 
-__version__ = "0.129.1"
+__version__ = "0.132.0"
 
 from starlette import status as status
 

fastapi/_compat/v2.py

@@ -199,6 +199,32 @@ class ModelField:
             exclude_none=exclude_none,
         )
 
+    def serialize_json(
+        self,
+        value: Any,
+        *,
+        include: IncEx | None = None,
+        exclude: IncEx | None = None,
+        by_alias: bool = True,
+        exclude_unset: bool = False,
+        exclude_defaults: bool = False,
+        exclude_none: bool = False,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        # What calls this code passes a value that already called
+        # self._type_adapter.validate_python(value)
+        # This uses Pydantic's dump_json() which serializes directly to JSON
+        # bytes in one pass (via Rust), avoiding the intermediate Python dict
+        # step of dump_python(mode="json") + json.dumps().
+        return self._type_adapter.dump_json(
+            value,
+            include=include,
+            exclude=exclude,
+            by_alias=by_alias,
+            exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
+            exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
+            exclude_none=exclude_none,
+        )
+
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         # Each ModelField is unique for our purposes, to allow making a dict from
         # ModelField to its JSON Schema.

fastapi/applications.py

@@ -840,6 +840,29 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
                 """
             ),
         ] = None,
+        strict_content_type: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
+
+                When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
+                a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
+
+                This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
+                that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
+                Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
+                applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
+
+                When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
+                their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
+                certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
         **extra: Annotated[
             Any,
             Doc(
@@ -974,6 +997,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
             include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
             responses=responses,
             generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
+            strict_content_type=strict_content_type,
         )
         self.exception_handlers: dict[
             Any, Callable[[Request, Any], Response | Awaitable[Response]]

fastapi/responses.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from typing import Any
 
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
 from starlette.responses import FileResponse as FileResponse  # noqa
 from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse as HTMLResponse  # noqa
 from starlette.responses import JSONResponse as JSONResponse  # noqa
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse as PlainTextResponse  # noqa
 from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse as RedirectResponse  # noqa
 from starlette.responses import Response as Response  # noqa
 from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse as StreamingResponse  # noqa
+from typing_extensions import deprecated
 
 try:
     import ujson
@@ -20,12 +22,29 @@ except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
     orjson = None  # type: ignore
 
 
+@deprecated(
+    "UJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
+    "bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
+    "faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
+    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
+    "and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
+    category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
 class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
-    """
-    JSON response using the high-performance ujson library to serialize data to JSON.
+    """JSON response using the ujson library to serialize data to JSON.
 
-    Read more about it in the
-    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
+    **Deprecated**: `UJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
+    directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
+    set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
+    and the
+    [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+    **Note**: `ujson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
+    separately, e.g. `pip install ujson`.
     """
 
     def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
@@ -33,12 +52,29 @@ class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
         return ujson.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8")
 
 
+@deprecated(
+    "ORJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
+    "bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
+    "faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
+    "docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
+    "and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
+    category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
+    stacklevel=2,
+)
 class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
-    """
-    JSON response using the high-performance orjson library to serialize data to JSON.
+    """JSON response using the orjson library to serialize data to JSON.
 
-    Read more about it in the
-    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
+    **Deprecated**: `ORJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
+    directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
+    set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
+
+    Read more in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
+    and the
+    [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+    **Note**: `orjson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
+    separately, e.g. `pip install orjson`.
     """
 
     def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:

fastapi/routing.py

@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ async def serialize_response(
     exclude_none: bool = False,
     is_coroutine: bool = True,
     endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
+    dump_json: bool = False,
 ) -> Any:
     if field:
         if is_coroutine:
@@ -286,8 +287,8 @@ async def serialize_response(
                 body=response_content,
                 endpoint_ctx=ctx,
             )
-
-        return field.serialize(
+        serializer = field.serialize_json if dump_json else field.serialize
+        return serializer(
             value,
             include=include,
             exclude=exclude,
@@ -328,6 +329,7 @@ def get_request_handler(
     response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
     dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
     embed_body_fields: bool = False,
+    strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
 ) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
     assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
     is_coroutine = dependant.is_coroutine_callable
@@ -336,6 +338,10 @@ def get_request_handler(
         actual_response_class: type[Response] = response_class.value
     else:
         actual_response_class = response_class
+    if isinstance(strict_content_type, DefaultPlaceholder):
+        actual_strict_content_type: bool = strict_content_type.value
+    else:
+        actual_strict_content_type = strict_content_type
 
     async def app(request: Request) -> Response:
         response: Response | None = None
@@ -369,7 +375,8 @@ def get_request_handler(
                         json_body: Any = Undefined
                         content_type_value = request.headers.get("content-type")
                         if not content_type_value:
-                            json_body = await request.json()
+                            if not actual_strict_content_type:
+                                json_body = await request.json()
                         else:
                             message = email.message.Message()
                             message["content-type"] = content_type_value
@@ -443,6 +450,14 @@ def get_request_handler(
                     response_args["status_code"] = current_status_code
                 if solved_result.response.status_code:
                     response_args["status_code"] = solved_result.response.status_code
+                # Use the fast path (dump_json) when no custom response
+                # class was set and a response field with a TypeAdapter
+                # exists. Serializes directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic's
+                # Rust core, skipping the intermediate Python dict +
+                # json.dumps() step.
+                use_dump_json = response_field is not None and isinstance(
+                    response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
+                )
                 content = await serialize_response(
                     field=response_field,
                     response_content=raw_response,
@@ -454,8 +469,16 @@ def get_request_handler(
                     exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
                     is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
                     endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
+                    dump_json=use_dump_json,
                 )
-                response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args)
+                if use_dump_json:
+                    response = Response(
+                        content=content,
+                        media_type="application/json",
+                        **response_args,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args)
                 if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code):
                     response.body = b""
                 response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
@@ -582,6 +605,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
         openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         generate_unique_id_function: Callable[["APIRoute"], str]
         | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
     ) -> None:
         self.path = path
         self.endpoint = endpoint
@@ -608,6 +632,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
         self.callbacks = callbacks
         self.openapi_extra = openapi_extra
         self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
+        self.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
         self.tags = tags or []
         self.responses = responses or {}
         self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
@@ -696,6 +721,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
             response_model_exclude_none=self.response_model_exclude_none,
             dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
             embed_body_fields=self._embed_body_fields,
+            strict_content_type=self.strict_content_type,
         )
 
     def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
@@ -946,6 +972,29 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                 """
             ),
         ] = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
+
+                When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
+                a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
+
+                This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
+                that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
+                Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
+                applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
+
+                When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
+                their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
+                certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
+
+                Read more about it in the
+                [FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = Default(True),
     ) -> None:
         # Determine the lifespan context to use
         if lifespan is None:
@@ -992,6 +1041,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
         self.route_class = route_class
         self.default_response_class = default_response_class
         self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
+        self.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
 
     def route(
         self,
@@ -1042,6 +1092,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
         openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
         generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
         | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
+        strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
     ) -> None:
         route_class = route_class_override or self.route_class
         responses = responses or {}
@@ -1088,6 +1139,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
             callbacks=current_callbacks,
             openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
             generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
+            strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
+            ),
         )
         self.routes.append(route)
 
@@ -1463,6 +1517,11 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                     callbacks=current_callbacks,
                     openapi_extra=route.openapi_extra,
                     generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
+                    strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
+                        route.strict_content_type,
+                        router.strict_content_type,
+                        self.strict_content_type,
+                    ),
                 )
             elif isinstance(route, routing.Route):
                 methods = list(route.methods or [])

pdm_build.py

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-import os
-from typing import Any
-
-from pdm.backend.hooks import Context
-
-TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE = os.getenv("TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE")
-
-
-def pdm_build_initialize(context: Context) -> None:
-    metadata = context.config.metadata
-    # Get main version
-    version = metadata["version"]
-    # Get custom config for the current package, from the env var
-    all_configs_config: dict[str, Any] = context.config.data["tool"]["tiangolo"][
-        "_internal-slim-build"
-    ]["packages"]
-
-    if TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE not in all_configs_config:
-        return
-
-    config = all_configs_config[TIANGOLO_BUILD_PACKAGE]
-    project_config: dict[str, Any] = config["project"]
-    # Override main [project] configs with custom configs for this package
-    for key, value in project_config.items():
-        metadata[key] = value
-    # Get custom build config for the current package
-    build_config: dict[str, Any] = (
-        config.get("tool", {}).get("pdm", {}).get("build", {})
-    )
-    # Override PDM build config with custom build config for this package
-    for key, value in build_config.items():
-        context.config.build_config[key] = value
-    # Get main dependencies
-    dependencies: list[str] = metadata.get("dependencies", [])
-    # Sync versions in dependencies
-    new_dependencies = []
-    for dep in dependencies:
-        new_dep = f"{dep}>={version}"
-        new_dependencies.append(new_dep)
-    metadata["dependencies"] = new_dependencies

pyproject.toml

@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ Issues = "https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues"
 Changelog = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/release-notes/"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-
 standard = [
     "fastapi-cli[standard] >=0.0.8",
     # For the test client
@@ -106,10 +105,6 @@ all = [
     "itsdangerous >=1.1.0",
     # For Starlette's schema generation, would not be used with FastAPI
     "pyyaml >=5.3.1",
-    # For UJSONResponse
-    "ujson >=5.8.0",
-    # For ORJSONResponse
-    "orjson >=3.9.3",
     # To validate email fields
     "email-validator >=2.0.0",
     # Uvicorn with uvloop
@@ -152,6 +147,10 @@ docs = [
 docs-tests = [
     "httpx >=0.23.0,<1.0.0",
     "ruff >=0.14.14",
+    # For UJSONResponse
+    "ujson >=5.8.0",
+    # For ORJSONResponse
+    "orjson >=3.9.3",
 ]
 github-actions = [
     "httpx >=0.27.0,<1.0.0",
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ tests = [
     "mypy >=1.14.1",
     "pwdlib[argon2] >=0.2.1",
     "pyjwt >=2.9.0",
-    "pytest >=7.1.3,<9.0.0",
+    "pytest >=9.0.0",
     "pytest-codspeed >=4.2.0",
     "pyyaml >=5.3.1,<7.0.0",
     "sqlmodel >=0.0.31",
@@ -199,32 +198,6 @@ source-includes = [
     "docs/en/docs/img/favicon.png",
 ]
 
-[tool.tiangolo._internal-slim-build.packages.fastapi-slim.project]
-name = "fastapi-slim"
-readme = "fastapi-slim/README.md"
-dependencies = [
-    "fastapi",
-]
-optional-dependencies = {}
-scripts = {}
-
-[tool.tiangolo._internal-slim-build.packages.fastapi-slim.tool.pdm.build]
-# excludes needs to explicitly exclude the top level python packages,
-# otherwise PDM includes them by default
-# A "*" glob pattern can't be used here because in PDM internals, the patterns are put
-# in a set (unordered, order varies) and each excluded file is assigned one of the
-# glob patterns that matches, as the set is unordered, the matched pattern could be "*"
-# independent of the order here. And then the internal code would give it a lower score
-# than the one for a default included file.
-# By not using "*" and explicitly excluding the top level packages, they get a higher
-# score than the default inclusion
-excludes = ["fastapi", "tests", "pdm_build.py"]
-# source-includes needs to explicitly define some value because PDM will check the
-# truthy value of the list, and if empty, will include some defaults, including "tests",
-# an empty string doesn't match anything, but makes the list truthy, so that PDM
-# doesn't override it during the build.
-source-includes = [""]
-
 [tool.mypy]
 plugins = ["pydantic.mypy"]
 strict = true
@@ -245,25 +218,16 @@ disallow_incomplete_defs = false
 disallow_untyped_defs = false
 disallow_untyped_calls = false
 
-[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+[tool.pytest]
+minversion = "9.0"
 addopts = [
   "--strict-config",
   "--strict-markers",
   "--ignore=docs_src",
 ]
-xfail_strict = true
-junit_family = "xunit2"
+strict_xfail = true
 filterwarnings = [
     "error",
-    # see https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/history.html#trio-0-22-0-2022-09-28
-    "ignore:You seem to already have a custom.*:RuntimeWarning:trio",
-    # TODO: remove after upgrading SQLAlchemy to a version that includes the following changes
-    # https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/commit/59521abcc0676e936b31a523bd968fc157fef0c2
-    'ignore:datetime\.datetime\.utcfromtimestamp\(\) is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version\..*:DeprecationWarning:sqlalchemy',
-    # Trio 24.1.0 raises a warning from attrs
-    # Ref: https://github.com/python-trio/trio/pull/3054
-    # Remove once there's a new version of Trio
-    'ignore:The `hash` argument is deprecated*:DeprecationWarning:trio',
 ]
 
 [tool.coverage.run]
@@ -278,9 +242,9 @@ relative_files = true
 context = '${CONTEXT}'
 dynamic_context = "test_function"
 omit = [
+    "tests/benchmarks/*",
     "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py39.py",
     "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py",  # difficult to mock
     "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial013_an_py310.py",  # temporary code example?
     "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial014_an_py310.py",  # temporary code example?
     # Pydantic v1 migration, no longer tested
@@ -288,202 +252,6 @@ omit = [
     "docs_src/pydantic_v1_in_v2/tutorial002_an_py310.py",
     "docs_src/pydantic_v1_in_v2/tutorial003_an_py310.py",
     "docs_src/pydantic_v1_in_v2/tutorial004_an_py310.py",
-    # TODO: remove all the ignores below when all translations use the new Python 3.10 files
-    "docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/app_testing/app_a_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/app_testing/app_a_py39/test_main.py",
-    "docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/app_testing/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/async_tests/app_a_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/async_tests/app_a_py39/test_main.py",
-    "docs_src/authentication_error_status_code/tutorial001_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial001_01_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/dependencies.py",
-    "docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/internal/admin.py",
-    "docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/items.py",
-    "docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/users.py",
-    "docs_src/bigger_applications/app_py39/dependencies.py",
-    "docs_src/bigger_applications/app_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/cors/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006c_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial007_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial008_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/custom_response/tutorial010_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/debugging/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008c_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008c_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008d_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008d_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008e_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008e_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial010_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/events/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/events/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/events/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/graphql_/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/metadata/tutorial001_1_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/metadata/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/metadata/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/metadata/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/metadata/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial004_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial010_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/python_types/tutorial013_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_form_models/tutorial001_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_form_models/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_form_models/tutorial002_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_form_models/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_change_status_code/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/security/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/security/tutorial006_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/security/tutorial006_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/security/tutorial007_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app01_py39/config.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app01_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/config.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/test_main.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app02_py39/config.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app02_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app02_py39/test_main.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/config.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app03_py39/config.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/app03_py39/main.py",
-    "docs_src/settings/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/static_files/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/templates/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/websockets/tutorial001_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py",
-    "docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001_py39.py",
 ]
 
 [tool.coverage.report]

scripts/people.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import time
 from collections import Counter
 from collections.abc import Container
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from math import ceil
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -15,12 +16,63 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr
 from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
 
 github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
-questions_category_id = "MDE4OkRpc2N1c3Npb25DYXRlZ29yeTMyMDAxNDM0"
+questions_category_id = "DIC_kwDOCZduT84B6E2a"
+
+
+POINTS_PER_MINUTE_LIMIT = 84  # 5000 points per hour
+
+
+class RateLimiter:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.last_query_cost: int = 1
+        self.remaining_points: int = 5000
+        self.reset_at: datetime = datetime.fromtimestamp(0, timezone.utc)
+        self.last_request_start_time: datetime = datetime.fromtimestamp(0, timezone.utc)
+        self.speed_multiplier: float = 1.0
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "RateLimiter":
+        now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+
+        # Handle primary rate limits
+        primary_limit_wait_time = 0.0
+        if self.remaining_points <= self.last_query_cost:
+            primary_limit_wait_time = (self.reset_at - now).total_seconds() + 2
+            logging.warning(
+                f"Approaching GitHub API rate limit, remaining points: {self.remaining_points}, "
+                f"reset time in {primary_limit_wait_time} seconds"
+            )
+
+        # Handle secondary rate limits
+        secondary_limit_wait_time = 0.0
+        points_per_minute = POINTS_PER_MINUTE_LIMIT * self.speed_multiplier
+        interval = 60 / (points_per_minute / self.last_query_cost)
+        time_since_last_request = (now - self.last_request_start_time).total_seconds()
+        if time_since_last_request < interval:
+            secondary_limit_wait_time = interval - time_since_last_request
+
+        final_wait_time = ceil(max(primary_limit_wait_time, secondary_limit_wait_time))
+        logging.info(f"Sleeping for {final_wait_time} seconds to respect rate limit")
+        time.sleep(max(final_wait_time, 1))
+
+        self.last_request_start_time = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def update_request_info(self, cost: int, remaining: int, reset_at: str) -> None:
+        self.last_query_cost = cost
+        self.remaining_points = remaining
+        self.reset_at = datetime.fromisoformat(reset_at.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+
+
+rate_limiter = RateLimiter()
+
 
 discussions_query = """
 query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) {
   repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "fastapi") {
-    discussions(first: 100, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) {
+    discussions(first: 30, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) {
       edges {
         cursor
         node {
@@ -58,6 +110,11 @@ query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) {
       }
     }
   }
+  rateLimit {
+    cost
+    remaining
+    resetAt
+  }
 }
 """
 
@@ -120,7 +177,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     github_token: SecretStr
     github_repository: str
     httpx_timeout: int = 30
-    sleep_interval: int = 5
+    speed_multiplier: float = 1.0
 
 
 def get_graphql_response(
@@ -158,11 +215,18 @@ def get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
     settings: Settings,
     after: str | None = None,
 ) -> list[DiscussionsEdge]:
-    data = get_graphql_response(
-        settings=settings,
-        query=discussions_query,
-        after=after,
-        category_id=questions_category_id,
+    with rate_limiter:
+        data = get_graphql_response(
+            settings=settings,
+            query=discussions_query,
+            after=after,
+            category_id=questions_category_id,
+        )
+
+    rate_limiter.update_request_info(
+        cost=data["data"]["rateLimit"]["cost"],
+        remaining=data["data"]["rateLimit"]["remaining"],
+        reset_at=data["data"]["rateLimit"]["resetAt"],
     )
     graphql_response = DiscussionsResponse.model_validate(data)
     return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.edges
@@ -185,8 +249,6 @@ def get_discussion_nodes(settings: Settings) -> list[DiscussionsNode]:
         for discussion_edge in discussion_edges:
             discussion_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node)
         last_edge = discussion_edges[-1]
-        # Handle GitHub secondary rate limits, requests per minute
-        time.sleep(settings.sleep_interval)
         discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
             settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor
         )
@@ -318,6 +380,7 @@ def main() -> None:
     logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
     settings = Settings()
     logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.model_dump_json()}")
+    rate_limiter.speed_multiplier = settings.speed_multiplier
     g = Github(settings.github_token.get_secret_value())
     repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository)
 

tests/test_deprecated_responses.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import warnings
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
+from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse, UJSONResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+# ORJSON
+
+
+def _make_orjson_app() -> FastAPI:
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
+        app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
+
+    @app.get("/items")
+    def get_items() -> Item:
+        return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
+
+    return app
+
+
+def test_orjson_response_returns_correct_data():
+    app = _make_orjson_app()
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
+        response = client.get("/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
+
+
+def test_orjson_response_emits_deprecation_warning():
+    with pytest.warns(FastAPIDeprecationWarning, match="ORJSONResponse is deprecated"):
+        ORJSONResponse(content={"hello": "world"})
+
+
+# UJSON
+
+
+def _make_ujson_app() -> FastAPI:
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
+        app = FastAPI(default_response_class=UJSONResponse)
+
+    @app.get("/items")
+    def get_items() -> Item:
+        return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
+
+    return app
+
+
+def test_ujson_response_returns_correct_data():
+    app = _make_ujson_app()
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
+        response = client.get("/items")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
+
+
+def test_ujson_response_emits_deprecation_warning():
+    with pytest.warns(FastAPIDeprecationWarning, match="UJSONResponse is deprecated"):
+        UJSONResponse(content={"hello": "world"})

tests/test_dump_json_fast_path.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/default")
+def get_default() -> Item:
+    return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
+
+
+@app.get("/explicit", response_class=JSONResponse)
+def get_explicit() -> Item:
+    return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_default_response_class_skips_json_dumps():
+    """When no response_class is set, the fast path serializes directly to
+    JSON bytes via Pydantic's dump_json and never calls json.dumps."""
+    with patch(
+        "starlette.responses.json.dumps", wraps=__import__("json").dumps
+    ) as mock_dumps:
+        response = client.get("/default")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
+    mock_dumps.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_explicit_response_class_uses_json_dumps():
+    """When response_class is explicitly set to JSONResponse, the normal path
+    is used and json.dumps is called via JSONResponse.render()."""
+    with patch(
+        "starlette.responses.json.dumps", wraps=__import__("json").dumps
+    ) as mock_dumps:
+        response = client.get("/explicit")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
+    mock_dumps.assert_called_once()

tests/test_orjson_response_class.py

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+import warnings
+
 from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
 from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import quoted_name
 
-app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
+    app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
 
 
 @app.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
@@ -16,6 +21,8 @@ client = TestClient(app)
 
 
 def test_orjson_non_str_keys():
-    with client:
-        response = client.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
+        with client:
+            response = client.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
     assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World", "1": 1}

tests/test_strict_content_type_app_level.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app_default = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app_default.post("/items/")
+async def app_default_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+app_lax = FastAPI(strict_content_type=False)
+
+
+@app_lax.post("/items/")
+async def app_lax_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+client_default = TestClient(app_default)
+client_lax = TestClient(app_lax)
+
+
+def test_default_strict_rejects_no_content_type():
+    response = client_default.post("/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_default_strict_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client_default.post("/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
+
+
+def test_lax_accepts_no_content_type():
+    response = client_lax.post("/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
+
+
+def test_lax_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client_lax.post("/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}

tests/test_strict_content_type_nested.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+# Lax app with nested routers, inner overrides to strict
+
+app_nested = FastAPI(strict_content_type=False)  # lax app
+outer_router = APIRouter(prefix="/outer")  # inherits lax from app
+inner_strict = APIRouter(prefix="/strict", strict_content_type=True)
+inner_default = APIRouter(prefix="/default")
+
+
+@inner_strict.post("/items/")
+async def inner_strict_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+@inner_default.post("/items/")
+async def inner_default_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+outer_router.include_router(inner_strict)
+outer_router.include_router(inner_default)
+app_nested.include_router(outer_router)
+
+client_nested = TestClient(app_nested)
+
+
+def test_strict_inner_on_lax_app_rejects_no_content_type():
+    response = client_nested.post("/outer/strict/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_default_inner_inherits_lax_from_app():
+    response = client_nested.post("/outer/default/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
+
+
+def test_strict_inner_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client_nested.post("/outer/strict/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+def test_default_inner_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client_nested.post("/outer/default/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+# Strict app -> lax outer router -> strict inner router
+
+app_mixed = FastAPI(strict_content_type=True)
+mixed_outer = APIRouter(prefix="/outer", strict_content_type=False)
+mixed_inner = APIRouter(prefix="/inner", strict_content_type=True)
+
+
+@mixed_outer.post("/items/")
+async def mixed_outer_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+@mixed_inner.post("/items/")
+async def mixed_inner_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+mixed_outer.include_router(mixed_inner)
+app_mixed.include_router(mixed_outer)
+
+client_mixed = TestClient(app_mixed)
+
+
+def test_lax_outer_on_strict_app_accepts_no_content_type():
+    response = client_mixed.post("/outer/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
+
+
+def test_strict_inner_on_lax_outer_rejects_no_content_type():
+    response = client_mixed.post("/outer/inner/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_lax_outer_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client_mixed.post("/outer/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+def test_strict_inner_on_lax_outer_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client_mixed.post("/outer/inner/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200

tests/test_strict_content_type_router_level.py

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+router_lax = APIRouter(prefix="/lax", strict_content_type=False)
+router_strict = APIRouter(prefix="/strict", strict_content_type=True)
+router_default = APIRouter(prefix="/default")
+
+
+@router_lax.post("/items/")
+async def router_lax_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+@router_strict.post("/items/")
+async def router_strict_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+@router_default.post("/items/")
+async def router_default_post(data: dict):
+    return data
+
+
+app.include_router(router_lax)
+app.include_router(router_strict)
+app.include_router(router_default)
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_lax_router_on_strict_app_accepts_no_content_type():
+    response = client.post("/lax/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
+
+
+def test_strict_router_on_strict_app_rejects_no_content_type():
+    response = client.post("/strict/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_default_router_inherits_strict_from_app():
+    response = client.post("/default/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_lax_router_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client.post("/lax/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+def test_strict_router_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client.post("/strict/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+
+
+def test_default_router_accepts_json_content_type():
+    response = client.post("/default/items/", json={"key": "value"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200

tests/test_tutorial/test_body/test_tutorial001.py

@@ -189,18 +189,12 @@ def test_geo_json(client: TestClient):
     assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
 
 
-def test_no_content_type_is_json(client: TestClient):
+def test_no_content_type_json(client: TestClient):
     response = client.post(
         "/items/",
         content='{"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}',
     )
-    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
-    assert response.json() == {
-        "name": "Foo",
-        "description": None,
-        "price": 50.5,
-        "tax": None,
-    }
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
 
 
 def test_wrong_headers(client: TestClient):

tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial001.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from inline_snapshot import snapshot
     name="client",
     params=[
         pytest.param("tutorial001_py310"),
-        pytest.param("tutorial010_py310"),
     ],
 )
 def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
@@ -18,12 +17,14 @@ def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
     return client
 
 
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
 def test_get_custom_response(client: TestClient):
     response = client.get("/items/")
     assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
     assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
 def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
     response = client.get("/openapi.json")
     assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial001b.py

@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
+import warnings
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from inline_snapshot import snapshot
 
-from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial001b_py310 import app
+with warnings.catch_warnings():
+    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
+    from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial001b_py310 import app
 
 client = TestClient(app)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
 def test_get_custom_response():
     response = client.get("/items/")
     assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
     assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
 def test_openapi_schema():
     response = client.get("/openapi.json")
     assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

tests/test_tutorial/test_custom_response/test_tutorial010.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import importlib
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from inline_snapshot import snapshot
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(
+    name="client",
+    params=[
+        pytest.param("tutorial010_py310"),
+    ],
+)
+def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.custom_response.{request.param}")
+    client = TestClient(mod.app)
+    return client
+
+
+def test_get_custom_response(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.text == snapshot("<h1>Items</h1><p>This is a list of items.</p>")
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == snapshot(
+        {
+            "openapi": "3.1.0",
+            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
+            "paths": {
+                "/items/": {
+                    "get": {
+                        "responses": {
+                            "200": {
+                                "description": "Successful Response",
+                                "content": {
+                                    "text/html": {"schema": {"type": "string"}}
+                                },
+                            }
+                        },
+                        "summary": "Read Items",
+                        "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    )

tests/test_tutorial/test_strict_content_type/test_tutorial001.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import importlib
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(
+    name="client",
+    params=[
+        "tutorial001_py310",
+    ],
+)
+def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.strict_content_type.{request.param}")
+    client = TestClient(mod.app)
+    return client
+
+
+def test_lax_post_without_content_type_is_parsed_as_json(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/items/",
+        content='{"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}',
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}
+
+
+def test_lax_post_with_json_content_type(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/items/",
+        json={"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}
+
+
+def test_lax_post_with_text_plain_is_still_rejected(client: TestClient):
+    response = client.post(
+        "/items/",
+        content='{"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}',
+        headers={"Content-Type": "text/plain"},
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 422, response.text

tests/test_tutorial/test_websockets/test_tutorial001.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import pytest
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from fastapi.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect
 
-from docs_src.websockets.tutorial001_py310 import app
+from docs_src.websockets_.tutorial001_py310 import app
 
 client = TestClient(app)
 

tests/test_tutorial/test_websockets/test_tutorial002.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from ...utils import needs_py310
     ],
 )
 def get_app(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
-    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.websockets.{request.param}")
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.websockets_.{request.param}")
 
     return mod.app
 

tests/test_tutorial/test_websockets/test_tutorial003.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
     ],
 )
 def get_mod(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
-    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.websockets.{request.param}")
+    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.websockets_.{request.param}")
 
     return mod
 

uv.lock

@@ -1083,12 +1083,10 @@ all = [
     { name = "httpx" },
     { name = "itsdangerous" },
     { name = "jinja2" },
-    { name = "orjson" },
     { name = "pydantic-extra-types" },
     { name = "pydantic-settings" },
     { name = "python-multipart" },
     { name = "pyyaml" },
-    { name = "ujson" },
     { name = "uvicorn", extra = ["standard"] },
 ]
 standard = [
@@ -1134,6 +1132,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "mkdocs-redirects" },
     { name = "mkdocstrings", extra = ["python"] },
     { name = "mypy" },
+    { name = "orjson" },
     { name = "pillow" },
     { name = "playwright" },
     { name = "prek" },
@@ -1151,6 +1150,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "typer" },
     { name = "types-orjson" },
     { name = "types-ujson" },
+    { name = "ujson" },
 ]
 docs = [
     { name = "black" },
@@ -1165,15 +1165,19 @@ docs = [
     { name = "mkdocs-material" },
     { name = "mkdocs-redirects" },
     { name = "mkdocstrings", extra = ["python"] },
+    { name = "orjson" },
     { name = "pillow" },
     { name = "python-slugify" },
     { name = "pyyaml" },
     { name = "ruff" },
     { name = "typer" },
+    { name = "ujson" },
 ]
 docs-tests = [
     { name = "httpx" },
+    { name = "orjson" },
     { name = "ruff" },
+    { name = "ujson" },
 ]
 github-actions = [
     { name = "httpx" },
@@ -1192,6 +1196,7 @@ tests = [
     { name = "httpx" },
     { name = "inline-snapshot" },
     { name = "mypy" },
+    { name = "orjson" },
     { name = "pwdlib", extra = ["argon2"] },
     { name = "pyjwt" },
     { name = "pytest" },
@@ -1202,6 +1207,7 @@ tests = [
     { name = "strawberry-graphql" },
     { name = "types-orjson" },
     { name = "types-ujson" },
+    { name = "ujson" },
 ]
 translations = [
     { name = "gitpython" },
@@ -1225,7 +1231,6 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "jinja2", marker = "extra == 'all'", specifier = ">=3.1.5" },
     { name = "jinja2", marker = "extra == 'standard'", specifier = ">=3.1.5" },
     { name = "jinja2", marker = "extra == 'standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli'", specifier = ">=3.1.5" },
-    { name = "orjson", marker = "extra == 'all'", specifier = ">=3.9.3" },
     { name = "pydantic", specifier = ">=2.7.0" },
     { name = "pydantic-extra-types", marker = "extra == 'all'", specifier = ">=2.0.0" },
     { name = "pydantic-extra-types", marker = "extra == 'standard'", specifier = ">=2.0.0" },
@@ -1240,7 +1245,6 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "starlette", specifier = ">=0.40.0,<1.0.0" },
     { name = "typing-extensions", specifier = ">=4.8.0" },
     { name = "typing-inspection", specifier = ">=0.4.2" },
-    { name = "ujson", marker = "extra == 'all'", specifier = ">=5.8.0" },
     { name = "uvicorn", extras = ["standard"], marker = "extra == 'all'", specifier = ">=0.12.0" },
     { name = "uvicorn", extras = ["standard"], marker = "extra == 'standard'", specifier = ">=0.12.0" },
     { name = "uvicorn", extras = ["standard"], marker = "extra == 'standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli'", specifier = ">=0.12.0" },
@@ -1269,6 +1273,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "mkdocs-redirects", specifier = ">=1.2.1,<1.3.0" },
     { name = "mkdocstrings", extras = ["python"], specifier = ">=0.30.1" },
     { name = "mypy", specifier = ">=1.14.1" },
+    { name = "orjson", specifier = ">=3.9.3" },
     { name = "pillow", specifier = ">=11.3.0" },
     { name = "playwright", specifier = ">=1.57.0" },
     { name = "prek", specifier = ">=0.2.22" },
@@ -1276,7 +1281,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "pydantic-ai", specifier = ">=0.4.10" },
     { name = "pygithub", specifier = ">=2.8.1" },
     { name = "pyjwt", specifier = ">=2.9.0" },
-    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=7.1.3,<9.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=9.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest-codspeed", specifier = ">=4.2.0" },
     { name = "python-slugify", specifier = ">=8.0.4" },
     { name = "pyyaml", specifier = ">=5.3.1,<7.0.0" },
@@ -1286,6 +1291,7 @@ dev = [
     { name = "typer", specifier = ">=0.21.1" },
     { name = "types-orjson", specifier = ">=3.6.2" },
     { name = "types-ujson", specifier = ">=5.10.0.20240515" },
+    { name = "ujson", specifier = ">=5.8.0" },
 ]
 docs = [
     { name = "black", specifier = ">=25.1.0" },
@@ -1300,15 +1306,19 @@ docs = [
     { name = "mkdocs-material", specifier = ">=9.7.0" },
     { name = "mkdocs-redirects", specifier = ">=1.2.1,<1.3.0" },
     { name = "mkdocstrings", extras = ["python"], specifier = ">=0.30.1" },
+    { name = "orjson", specifier = ">=3.9.3" },
     { name = "pillow", specifier = ">=11.3.0" },
     { name = "python-slugify", specifier = ">=8.0.4" },
     { name = "pyyaml", specifier = ">=5.3.1,<7.0.0" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = ">=0.14.14" },
     { name = "typer", specifier = ">=0.21.1" },
+    { name = "ujson", specifier = ">=5.8.0" },
 ]
 docs-tests = [
     { name = "httpx", specifier = ">=0.23.0,<1.0.0" },
+    { name = "orjson", specifier = ">=3.9.3" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = ">=0.14.14" },
+    { name = "ujson", specifier = ">=5.8.0" },
 ]
 github-actions = [
     { name = "httpx", specifier = ">=0.27.0,<1.0.0" },
@@ -1327,9 +1337,10 @@ tests = [
     { name = "httpx", specifier = ">=0.23.0,<1.0.0" },
     { name = "inline-snapshot", specifier = ">=0.21.1" },
     { name = "mypy", specifier = ">=1.14.1" },
+    { name = "orjson", specifier = ">=3.9.3" },
     { name = "pwdlib", extras = ["argon2"], specifier = ">=0.2.1" },
     { name = "pyjwt", specifier = ">=2.9.0" },
-    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=7.1.3,<9.0.0" },
+    { name = "pytest", specifier = ">=9.0.0" },
     { name = "pytest-codspeed", specifier = ">=4.2.0" },
     { name = "pyyaml", specifier = ">=5.3.1,<7.0.0" },
     { name = "ruff", specifier = ">=0.14.14" },
@@ -1337,6 +1348,7 @@ tests = [
     { name = "strawberry-graphql", specifier = ">=0.200.0,<1.0.0" },
     { name = "types-orjson", specifier = ">=3.6.2" },
     { name = "types-ujson", specifier = ">=5.10.0.20240515" },
+    { name = "ujson", specifier = ">=5.8.0" },
 ]
 translations = [
     { name = "gitpython", specifier = ">=3.1.46" },
@@ -1595,7 +1607,7 @@ wheels = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "flask"
-version = "3.1.2"
+version = "3.1.3"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "blinker" },
@@ -1605,9 +1617,9 @@ dependencies = [
     { name = "markupsafe" },
     { name = "werkzeug" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/dc/6d/cfe3c0fcc5e477df242b98bfe186a4c34357b4847e87ecaef04507332dab/flask-3.1.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:bf656c15c80190ed628ad08cdfd3aaa35beb087855e2f494910aa3774cc4fd87", size = 720160, upload-time = "2025-08-19T21:03:21.205Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/26/00/35d85dcce6c57fdc871f3867d465d780f302a175ea360f62533f12b27e2b/flask-3.1.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0ef0e52b8a9cd932855379197dd8f94047b359ca0a78695144304cb45f87c9eb", size = 759004, upload-time = "2026-02-19T05:00:57.678Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/f9/7f9263c5695f4bd0023734af91bedb2ff8209e8de6ead162f35d8dc762fd/flask-3.1.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ca1d8112ec8a6158cc29ea4858963350011b5c846a414cdb7a954aa9e967d03c", size = 103308, upload-time = "2025-08-19T21:03:19.499Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/9c/34f6962f9b9e9c71f6e5ed806e0d0ff03c9d1b0b2340088a0cf4bce09b18/flask-3.1.3-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f4bcbefc124291925f1a26446da31a5178f9483862233b23c0c96a20701f670c", size = 103424, upload-time = "2026-02-19T05:00:56.027Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1911,40 +1923,36 @@ wheels = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "griffe"
-version = "1.15.0"
+name = "griffelib"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
-dependencies = [
-    { name = "colorama" },
-]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0d/0c/3a471b6e31951dce2360477420d0a8d1e00dea6cf33b70f3e8c3ab6e28e1/griffe-1.15.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7726e3afd6f298fbc3696e67958803e7ac843c1cfe59734b6251a40cdbfb5eea", size = 424112, upload-time = "2025-11-10T15:03:15.52Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9c/83/3b1d03d36f224edded98e9affd0467630fc09d766c0e56fb1498cbb04a9b/griffe-1.15.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6f6762661949411031f5fcda9593f586e6ce8340f0ba88921a0f2ef7a81eb9a3", size = 150705, upload-time = "2025-11-10T15:03:13.549Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4d/51/c936033e16d12b627ea334aaaaf42229c37620d0f15593456ab69ab48161/griffelib-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:01284878c966508b6d6f1dbff9b6fa607bc062d8261c5c7253cb285b06422a7f", size = 142004, upload-time = "2026-02-09T19:09:40.561Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "griffe-typingdoc"
-version = "0.3.0"
+version = "0.3.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "griffe" },
+    { name = "griffelib" },
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/be/77/d5e5fa0a8391bc2890ae45255847197299739833108dd76ee3c9b2ff0bba/griffe_typingdoc-0.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:59d9ef98d02caa7aed88d8df1119c9e48c02ed049ea50ce4018ace9331d20f8b", size = 33169, upload-time = "2025-10-23T12:01:39.037Z" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ce/26/28182e0c8055842bf3da774dee1d5b789c0f236c078dcbdca1937b5214dc/griffe_typingdoc-0.3.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2ff4703115cb7f8a65b9fdcdd1f3c3a15f813b6554621b52eaad094c4782ce96", size = 31218, upload-time = "2026-02-21T09:38:54.409Z" }
 wheels = [
-    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/af/aa32c13f753e2625ec895b1f56eee3c9380a2088a88a2c028955e223856e/griffe_typingdoc-0.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4f6483fff7733a679d1dce142fb029f314125f3caaf0d620eb82e7390c8564bb", size = 9923, upload-time = "2025-10-23T12:01:37.601Z" },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b6/c4/cf543fbde49e1ae44830ef0840a4d6ee9f4e4f338138a7766d4e37cf6440/griffe_typingdoc-0.3.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ecbd457ef6883126b8b6023abf12e08c58e1c152238a2f0e2afdd67a64b07021", size = 10092, upload-time = "2026-02-20T14:53:47.84Z" },
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "griffe-warnings-deprecated"
-version = "1.1.0"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "griffe" },
+    { name = "griffelib" },
 ]
-sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/0e/f034e1714eb2c694d6196c75f77a02f9c69d19f9961c4804a016397bf3e5/griffe_warnings_deprecated-1.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7bf21de327d59c66c7ce08d0166aa4292ce0577ff113de5878f428d102b6f7c5", size = 33260, upload-time = "2024-12-10T21:02:18.395Z" }
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