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42 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Yurii Motov
d61938836b Fix coverage 2026-02-24 22:28:58 +01:00
Yurii Motov
06b05f9434 Update coverage version lower bound to 7.13 to awoid issues on Python 3.12 2026-02-24 22:16:29 +01:00
Yurii Motov
cd5f00f949 Add pytest-timeout to tests dependencies 2026-02-24 22:16:29 +01:00
Yurii Motov
88cf069a98 Add test-cov.sh 2026-02-24 22:16:29 +01:00
Yurii Motov
65462231f5 Update pytest-sugar lower version bound to 1.0.0 2026-02-24 20:26:50 +01:00
Yurii Motov
f9b4f2c4cb Update pytest-xdist lower version bound to 2.5.0 (support for --dist=loadgroup option) 2026-02-24 18:50:15 +01:00
Motov Yurii
9f5f5fd920 Merge branch 'master' into xdist 2026-02-24 18:45:10 +01:00
Yurii Motov
24b2144fa5 Fix race conditions with accessing working directory 2026-02-24 18:40:40 +01:00
Yurii Motov
e13ffa2a21 Update test.sh and test-cov-html.sh to run tests with pytest --cov 2026-02-24 18:40:40 +01:00
Yurii Motov
ef128efaed Add pytest-cov and pytest-sugar to tests dependencies 2026-02-24 18:40:40 +01:00
Yurii Motov
ec390db700 Add xdist to test dependencies 2026-02-24 18:36:36 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez
daba0aa328 🔖 Release version 0.133.0 2026-02-24 10:51:43 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
0c3581d5c4 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-24 09:50:02 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
c73bc94537 ⬆️ Add support for Starlette 1.0.0+ (#14987) 2026-02-24 09:49:32 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
6c68838615 🔖 Release version 0.132.1 2026-02-24 10:32:08 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
29d082ba24 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-24 09:28:36 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
2686c7fbbf ♻️ Refactor logic to handle OpenAPI and Swagger UI escaping data (#14986) 2026-02-24 09:28:10 +00:00
github-actions[bot]
2f9c914d44 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-23 18:48:43 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
0cf27ecf88 👥 Update FastAPI People - Experts (#14972)
Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Motov Yurii <109919500+YuriiMotov@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-02-23 19:47:59 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
3f30ca1a5e 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-23 18:32:32 +00:00
Motov Yurii
6af3832126 👷 Allow skipping benchmark job in test workflow (#14974) 2026-02-23 19:31:54 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez
acdf52e0c8 📝 Update release notes 2026-02-23 18:54:18 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez
5c863d0718 🔖 Release version 0.132.0 2026-02-23 18:49:58 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
ac8621a76e 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-23 17:46:11 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
22354a2530 🔒️ Add strict_content_type checking for JSON requests (#14978) 2026-02-23 18:45:20 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
94a1ee749e 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-23 16:50:41 +00:00
dependabot[bot]
248d7fb9f5 ⬆ Bump flask from 3.1.2 to 3.1.3 (#14949)
Bumps [flask](https://github.com/pallets/flask) from 3.1.2 to 3.1.3.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pallets/flask/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/pallets/flask/blob/main/CHANGES.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/pallets/flask/compare/3.1.2...3.1.3)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: flask
  dependency-version: 3.1.3
  dependency-type: direct:development
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-02-23 17:49:53 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
da1937443d 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-23 15:04:55 +00:00
Sofie Van Landeghem
5161f7b42b ⬆ Update all dependencies to use griffelib instead of griffe (#14973)
* update to griffelib

* also update pydantic-ai

* move griffelib to get better GH diff

* restore accidental edit
2026-02-23 16:04:24 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
fef2ce70d9 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-23 11:45:11 +00:00
Motov Yurii
a3c8c37272 🔨 Fix FastAPI People workflow (#14951) 2026-02-23 12:44:47 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
2826124378 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-22 18:22:03 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
4da264f0f3 👷 Do not run codspeed with coverage as it's not tracked (#14966) 2026-02-22 19:21:38 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
c5559a66dd 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-22 18:14:11 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
1cea8f659c 👷 Do not include benchmark tests in coverage to speed up coverage processing (#14965) 2026-02-22 19:13:49 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez
b423b73c35 🔖 Release version 0.131.0 2026-02-22 17:36:21 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
70e8558352 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-22 16:35:25 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
48e9835732 🗑️ Deprecate ORJSONResponse and UJSONResponse (#14964) 2026-02-22 17:34:59 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez
2e62fb1513 📝 Update release notes 2026-02-22 17:18:26 +01:00
Sebastián Ramírez
eb544e704c 🔖 Release version 0.130.0 2026-02-22 17:14:53 +01:00
github-actions[bot]
bc06e4296d 📝 Update release notes
[skip ci]
2026-02-22 16:07:56 +00:00
Sebastián Ramírez
590a5e5355 Serialize JSON response with Pydantic (in Rust), when there's a Pydantic return type or response model (#14962) 2026-02-22 17:07:19 +01:00
50 changed files with 1761 additions and 667 deletions

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@@ -68,10 +68,8 @@ jobs:
python-version: "3.13"
coverage: coverage
uv-resolution: highest
# Ubuntu with 3.13 needs coverage for CodSpeed benchmarks
- os: ubuntu-latest
python-version: "3.13"
coverage: coverage
uv-resolution: highest
codspeed: codspeed
- os: ubuntu-latest
@@ -109,20 +107,10 @@ jobs:
run: uv pip install "git+https://github.com/Kludex/starlette@main"
- run: mkdir coverage
- name: Test
if: matrix.codspeed != 'codspeed'
run: uv run --no-sync bash scripts/test.sh
run: uv run --no-sync bash scripts/test-cov.sh
env:
COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
- name: CodSpeed benchmarks
if: matrix.codspeed == 'codspeed'
uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v4
env:
COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
with:
mode: simulation
run: uv run --no-sync coverage run -m pytest tests/ --codspeed
# Do not store coverage for all possible combinations to avoid file size max errors in Smokeshow
- name: Store coverage files
if: matrix.coverage == 'coverage'
@@ -132,6 +120,39 @@ jobs:
path: coverage
include-hidden-files: true
benchmark:
needs:
- changes
if: needs.changes.outputs.src == 'true' || github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
UV_PYTHON: "3.13"
UV_RESOLUTION: highest
steps:
- name: Dump GitHub context
env:
GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }}
run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
- uses: actions/checkout@v6
- name: Set up Python
uses: actions/setup-python@v6
with:
python-version: "3.13"
- name: Setup uv
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
with:
enable-cache: true
cache-dependency-glob: |
pyproject.toml
uv.lock
- name: Install Dependencies
run: uv sync --no-dev --group tests --extra all
- name: CodSpeed benchmarks
uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v4
with:
mode: simulation
run: uv run --no-sync pytest tests/benchmarks --codspeed
coverage-combine:
needs:
- test
@@ -176,6 +197,7 @@ jobs:
if: always()
needs:
- coverage-combine
- benchmark
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Dump GitHub context
@@ -186,4 +208,4 @@ jobs:
uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
with:
jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}
allowed-skips: coverage-combine,test
allowed-skips: coverage-combine,test,benchmark

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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others { #custom-response-html-stream-file-others }
By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using `JSONResponse`.
By default, **FastAPI** will return JSON responses.
You can override it by returning a `Response` directly as seen in [Return a Response directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
@@ -10,43 +10,27 @@ But you can also declare the `Response` that you want to be used (e.g. any `Resp
The contents that you return from your *path operation function* will be put inside of that `Response`.
And if that `Response` has a JSON media type (`application/json`), like is the case with the `JSONResponse` and `UJSONResponse`, the data you return will be automatically converted (and filtered) with any Pydantic `response_model` that you declared in the *path operation decorator*.
/// note
If you use a response class with no media type, FastAPI will expect your response to have no content, so it will not document the response format in its generated OpenAPI docs.
///
## Use `ORJSONResponse` { #use-orjsonresponse }
## JSON Responses { #json-responses }
For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a> and set the response to be `ORJSONResponse`.
By default FastAPI returns JSON responses.
Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *path operation decorator*.
If you declare a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} FastAPI will use it to serialize the data to JSON, using Pydantic.
For large responses, returning a `Response` directly is much faster than returning a dictionary.
If you don't declare a response model, FastAPI will use the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and put it in a `JSONResponse`.
This is because by default, FastAPI will inspect every item inside and make sure it is serializable as JSON, using the same [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} explained in the tutorial. This is what allows you to return **arbitrary objects**, for example database models.
If you declare a `response_class` with a JSON media type (`application/json`), like is the case with the `JSONResponse`, the data you return will be automatically converted (and filtered) with any Pydantic `response_model` that you declared in the *path operation decorator*. But the data won't be serialized to JSON bytes with Pydantic, instead it will be converted with the `jsonable_encoder` and then passed to the `JSONResponse` class, which will serialize it to bytes using the standard JSON library in Python.
But if you are certain that the content that you are returning is **serializable with JSON**, you can pass it directly to the response class and avoid the extra overhead that FastAPI would have by passing your return content through the `jsonable_encoder` before passing it to the response class.
### JSON Performance { #json-performance }
{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b_py310.py hl[2,7] *}
In short, if you want the maximum performance, use a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and don't declare a `response_class` in the *path operation decorator*.
/// info
The parameter `response_class` will also be used to define the "media type" of the response.
In this case, the HTTP header `Content-Type` will be set to `application/json`.
And it will be documented as such in OpenAPI.
///
/// tip
The `ORJSONResponse` is only available in FastAPI, not in Starlette.
///
{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py ln[15:17] hl[16] *}
## HTML Response { #html-response }
@@ -154,40 +138,6 @@ Takes some data and returns an `application/json` encoded response.
This is the default response used in **FastAPI**, as you read above.
### `ORJSONResponse` { #orjsonresponse }
A fast alternative JSON response using <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, as you read above.
/// info
This requires installing `orjson` for example with `pip install orjson`.
///
### `UJSONResponse` { #ujsonresponse }
An alternative JSON response using <a href="https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ujson`</a>.
/// info
This requires installing `ujson` for example with `pip install ujson`.
///
/// warning
`ujson` is less careful than Python's built-in implementation in how it handles some edge-cases.
///
{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001_py310.py hl[2,7] *}
/// tip
It's possible that `ORJSONResponse` might be a faster alternative.
///
### `RedirectResponse` { #redirectresponse }
Returns an HTTP redirect. Uses a 307 status code (Temporary Redirect) by default.
@@ -268,7 +218,7 @@ In this case, you can return the file path directly from your *path operation* f
You can create your own custom response class, inheriting from `Response` and using it.
For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class.
For example, let's say that you want to use <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a> with some settings.
Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`.
@@ -292,13 +242,21 @@ Now instead of returning:
Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉
### `orjson` or Response Model { #orjson-or-response-model }
If what you are looking for is performance, you are probably better off using a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} than an `orjson` response.
With a response model, FastAPI will use Pydantic to serialize the data to JSON, without using intermediate steps, like converting it with `jsonable_encoder`, which would happen in any other case.
And under the hood, Pydantic uses the same underlying Rust mechanisms as `orjson` to serialize to JSON, so you will already get the best performance with a response model.
## Default response class { #default-response-class }
When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default.
The parameter that defines this is `default_response_class`.
In the example below, **FastAPI** will use `ORJSONResponse` by default, in all *path operations*, instead of `JSONResponse`.
In the example below, **FastAPI** will use `HTMLResponse` by default, in all *path operations*, instead of JSON.
{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial010_py310.py hl[2,4] *}

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@@ -2,19 +2,23 @@
When you create a **FastAPI** *path operation* you can normally return any data from it: a `dict`, a `list`, a Pydantic model, a database model, etc.
By default, **FastAPI** would automatically convert that return value to JSON using the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
If you declare a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} FastAPI will use it to serialize the data to JSON, using Pydantic.
Then, behind the scenes, it would put that JSON-compatible data (e.g. a `dict`) inside of a `JSONResponse` that would be used to send the response to the client.
If you don't declare a response model, FastAPI will use the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and put it in a `JSONResponse`.
But you can return a `JSONResponse` directly from your *path operations*.
You could also create a `JSONResponse` directly and return it.
It might be useful, for example, to return custom headers or cookies.
/// tip
You will normally have much better performance using a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} than returning a `JSONResponse` directly, as that way it serializes the data using Pydantic, in Rust.
///
## Return a `Response` { #return-a-response }
In fact, you can return any `Response` or any sub-class of it.
You can return any `Response` or any sub-class of it.
/// tip
/// info
`JSONResponse` itself is a sub-class of `Response`.
@@ -56,6 +60,18 @@ You could put your XML content in a string, put that in a `Response`, and return
{* ../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002_py310.py hl[1,18] *}
## How a Response Model Works { #how-a-response-model-works }
When you declare a [Response Model](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in a path operation, **FastAPI** will use it to serialize the data to JSON, using Pydantic.
{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py hl[16,21] *}
As that will happen on the Rust side, the performance will be much better than if it was done with regular Python and the `JSONResponse` class.
When using a response model FastAPI won't use the `jsonable_encoder` to convert the data (which would be slower) nor the `JSONResponse` class.
Instead it takes the JSON bytes generated with Pydantic using the response model and returns a `Response` with the right media type for JSON directly (`application/json`).
## Notes { #notes }
When you return a `Response` directly its data is not validated, converted (serialized), or documented automatically.

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@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
# Strict Content-Type Checking { #strict-content-type-checking }
By default, **FastAPI** uses strict `Content-Type` header checking for JSON request bodies, this means that JSON requests **must** include a valid `Content-Type` header (e.g. `application/json`) in order for the body to be parsed as JSON.
## CSRF Risk { #csrf-risk }
This default behavior provides protection against a class of **Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)** attacks in a very specific scenario.
These attacks exploit the fact that browsers allow scripts to send requests without doing any CORS preflight check when they:
* don't have a `Content-Type` header (e.g. using `fetch()` with a `Blob` body)
* and don't send any authentication credentials.
This type of attack is mainly relevant when:
* the application is running locally (e.g. on `localhost`) or in an internal network
* and the application doesn't have any authentication, it expects that any request from the same network can be trusted.
## Example Attack { #example-attack }
Imagine you build a way to run a local AI agent.
It provides an API at
```
http://localhost:8000/v1/agents/multivac
```
There's also a frontend at
```
http://localhost:8000
```
/// tip
Note that both have the same host.
///
Then using the frontend you can make the AI agent do things on your behalf.
As it's running **locally**, and not in the open internet, you decide to **not have any authentication** set up, just trusting the access to the local network.
Then one of your users could install it and run it locally.
Then they could open a malicious website, e.g. something like
```
https://evilhackers.example.com
```
And that malicious website sends requests using `fetch()` with a `Blob` body to the local API at
```
http://localhost:8000/v1/agents/multivac
```
Even though the host of the malicious website and the local app is different, the browser won't trigger a CORS preflight request because:
* It's running without any authentication, it doesn't have to send any credentials.
* The browser thinks it's not sending JSON (because of the missing `Content-Type` header).
Then the malicious website could make the local AI agent send angry messages to the user's ex-boss... or worse. 😅
## Open Internet { #open-internet }
If your app is in the open internet, you wouldn't "trust the network" and let anyone send privileged requests without authentication.
Attackers could simply run a script to send requests to your API, no need for browser interaction, so you are probably already securing any privileged endpoints.
In that case **this attack / risk doesn't apply to you**.
This risk and attack is mainly relevant when the app runs on the **local network** and that is the **only assumed protection**.
## Allowing Requests Without Content-Type { #allowing-requests-without-content-type }
If you need to support clients that don't send a `Content-Type` header, you can disable strict checking by setting `strict_content_type=False`:
{* ../../docs_src/strict_content_type/tutorial001_py310.py hl[4] *}
With this setting, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have their body parsed as JSON, which is the same behavior as older versions of FastAPI.
/// info
This behavior and configuration was added in FastAPI 0.132.0.
///

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@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Here are several pointers to other places in the docs, for general or frequent q
To ensure that you don't return more data than you should, read the docs for [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
## Optimize Response Performance - Response Model - Return Type { #optimize-response-performance-response-model-return-type }
To optimize performance when returning JSON data, use a return type or response model, that way Pydantic will handle the serialization to JSON on the Rust side, without going through Python. Read more in the docs for [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
## Documentation Tags - OpenAPI { #documentation-tags-openapi }
To add tags to your *path operations*, and group them in the docs UI, read the docs for [Tutorial - Path Operation Configurations - Tags](../tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md#tags){.internal-link target=_blank}.

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@@ -22,7 +22,13 @@ from fastapi.responses import (
## FastAPI Responses
There are a couple of custom FastAPI response classes, you can use them to optimize JSON performance.
There were a couple of custom FastAPI response classes that were intended to optimize JSON performance.
However, they are now deprecated as you will now get better performance by using a [Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
That way, Pydantic will serialize the data into JSON bytes on the Rust side, which will achieve better performance than these custom JSON responses.
Read more about it in [Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others - `orjson` or Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model).
::: fastapi.responses.UJSONResponse
options:

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@@ -7,6 +7,54 @@ hide:
## Latest Changes
## 0.133.0
### Upgrades
* ⬆️ Add support for Starlette 1.0.0+. PR [#14987](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14987) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.132.1
### Refactors
* ♻️ Refactor logic to handle OpenAPI and Swagger UI escaping data. PR [#14986](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14986) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
### Internal
* 👥 Update FastAPI People - Experts. PR [#14972](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14972) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👷 Allow skipping `benchmark` job in `test` workflow. PR [#14974](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14974) by [@YuriiMotov](https://github.com/YuriiMotov).
## 0.132.0
### Breaking Changes
* 🔒️ Add `strict_content_type` checking for JSON requests. PR [#14978](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14978) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* Now FastAPI checks, by default, that JSON requests have a `Content-Type` header with a valid JSON value, like `application/json`, and rejects requests that don't.
* If the clients for your app don't send a valid `Content-Type` header you can disable this with `strict_content_type=False`.
* Check the new docs: [Strict Content-Type Checking](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
### Internal
* ⬆ Bump flask from 3.1.2 to 3.1.3. PR [#14949](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14949) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
* ⬆ Update all dependencies to use `griffelib` instead of `griffe`. PR [#14973](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14973) by [@svlandeg](https://github.com/svlandeg).
* 🔨 Fix `FastAPI People` workflow. PR [#14951](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14951) by [@YuriiMotov](https://github.com/YuriiMotov).
* 👷 Do not run codspeed with coverage as it's not tracked. PR [#14966](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14966) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* 👷 Do not include benchmark tests in coverage to speed up coverage processing. PR [#14965](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14965) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.131.0
### Breaking Changes
* 🗑️ Deprecate `ORJSONResponse` and `UJSONResponse`. PR [#14964](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14964) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
## 0.130.0
### Features
* ✨ Serialize JSON response with Pydantic (in Rust), when there's a Pydantic return type or response model. PR [#14962](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14962) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
* This results in 2x (or more) performance increase for JSON responses.
* New docs: [Custom Response - JSON Performance](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#json-performance).
## 0.129.2
### Internal

View File

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ FastAPI will use this return type to:
* Add a **JSON Schema** for the response, in the OpenAPI *path operation*.
* This will be used by the **automatic docs**.
* It will also be used by automatic client code generation tools.
* **Serialize** the returned data to JSON using Pydantic, which is written in **Rust**, so it will be **much faster**.
But most importantly:

View File

@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ nav:
- advanced/generate-clients.md
- advanced/advanced-python-types.md
- advanced/json-base64-bytes.md
- advanced/strict-content-type.md
- fastapi-cli.md
- Deployment:
- deployment/index.md

View File

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
app = FastAPI(default_response_class=HTMLResponse)
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
return "<h1>Items</h1><p>This is a list of items.</p>"

View File

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI(strict_content_type=False)
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):
return item

View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
"""FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""
__version__ = "0.129.2"
__version__ = "0.133.0"
from starlette import status as status

View File

@@ -199,6 +199,32 @@ class ModelField:
exclude_none=exclude_none,
)
def serialize_json(
self,
value: Any,
*,
include: IncEx | None = None,
exclude: IncEx | None = None,
by_alias: bool = True,
exclude_unset: bool = False,
exclude_defaults: bool = False,
exclude_none: bool = False,
) -> bytes:
# What calls this code passes a value that already called
# self._type_adapter.validate_python(value)
# This uses Pydantic's dump_json() which serializes directly to JSON
# bytes in one pass (via Rust), avoiding the intermediate Python dict
# step of dump_python(mode="json") + json.dumps().
return self._type_adapter.dump_json(
value,
include=include,
exclude=exclude,
by_alias=by_alias,
exclude_unset=exclude_unset,
exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults,
exclude_none=exclude_none,
)
def __hash__(self) -> int:
# Each ModelField is unique for our purposes, to allow making a dict from
# ModelField to its JSON Schema.

View File

@@ -840,6 +840,29 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
"""
),
] = None,
strict_content_type: Annotated[
bool,
Doc(
"""
Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
Read more about it in the
[FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
"""
),
] = True,
**extra: Annotated[
Any,
Doc(
@@ -974,6 +997,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
include_in_schema=include_in_schema,
responses=responses,
generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function,
strict_content_type=strict_content_type,
)
self.exception_handlers: dict[
Any, Callable[[Request, Any], Response | Awaitable[Response]]
@@ -1077,16 +1101,18 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette):
def setup(self) -> None:
if self.openapi_url:
urls = (server_data.get("url") for server_data in self.servers)
server_urls = {url for url in urls if url}
async def openapi(req: Request) -> JSONResponse:
root_path = req.scope.get("root_path", "").rstrip("/")
if root_path not in server_urls:
if root_path and self.root_path_in_servers:
self.servers.insert(0, {"url": root_path})
server_urls.add(root_path)
return JSONResponse(self.openapi())
schema = self.openapi()
if root_path and self.root_path_in_servers:
server_urls = {s.get("url") for s in schema.get("servers", [])}
if root_path not in server_urls:
schema = dict(schema)
schema["servers"] = [{"url": root_path}] + schema.get(
"servers", []
)
return JSONResponse(schema)
self.add_route(self.openapi_url, openapi, include_in_schema=False)
if self.openapi_url and self.docs_url:

View File

@@ -5,6 +5,20 @@ from annotated_doc import Doc
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
def _html_safe_json(value: Any) -> str:
"""Serialize a value to JSON with HTML special characters escaped.
This prevents injection when the JSON is embedded inside a <script> tag.
"""
return (
json.dumps(value)
.replace("<", "\\u003c")
.replace(">", "\\u003e")
.replace("&", "\\u0026")
)
swagger_ui_default_parameters: Annotated[
dict[str, Any],
Doc(
@@ -155,7 +169,7 @@ def get_swagger_ui_html(
"""
for key, value in current_swagger_ui_parameters.items():
html += f"{json.dumps(key)}: {json.dumps(jsonable_encoder(value))},\n"
html += f"{_html_safe_json(key)}: {_html_safe_json(jsonable_encoder(value))},\n"
if oauth2_redirect_url:
html += f"oauth2RedirectUrl: window.location.origin + '{oauth2_redirect_url}',"
@@ -169,7 +183,7 @@ def get_swagger_ui_html(
if init_oauth:
html += f"""
ui.initOAuth({json.dumps(jsonable_encoder(init_oauth))})
ui.initOAuth({_html_safe_json(jsonable_encoder(init_oauth))})
"""
html += """

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
from typing import Any
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
from starlette.responses import FileResponse as FileResponse # noqa
from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse as HTMLResponse # noqa
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse as JSONResponse # noqa
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse as PlainTextResponse # noqa
from starlette.responses import RedirectResponse as RedirectResponse # noqa
from starlette.responses import Response as Response # noqa
from starlette.responses import StreamingResponse as StreamingResponse # noqa
from typing_extensions import deprecated
try:
import ujson
@@ -20,12 +22,29 @@ except ImportError: # pragma: nocover
orjson = None # type: ignore
@deprecated(
"UJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
"bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
"faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
"docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
"and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
"""
JSON response using the high-performance ujson library to serialize data to JSON.
"""JSON response using the ujson library to serialize data to JSON.
Read more about it in the
[FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
**Deprecated**: `UJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
Read more in the
[FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
and the
[FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
**Note**: `ujson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
separately, e.g. `pip install ujson`.
"""
def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
@@ -33,12 +52,29 @@ class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
return ujson.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8")
@deprecated(
"ORJSONResponse is deprecated, FastAPI now serializes data directly to JSON "
"bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is set, which is "
"faster and doesn't need a custom response class. Read more in the FastAPI "
"docs: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model "
"and https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/",
category=FastAPIDeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
"""
JSON response using the high-performance orjson library to serialize data to JSON.
"""JSON response using the orjson library to serialize data to JSON.
Read more about it in the
[FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
**Deprecated**: `ORJSONResponse` is deprecated. FastAPI now serializes data
directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic when a return type or response model is
set, which is faster and doesn't need a custom response class.
Read more in the
[FastAPI docs for Custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#orjson-or-response-model)
and the
[FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
**Note**: `orjson` is not included with FastAPI and must be installed
separately, e.g. `pip install orjson`.
"""
def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:

View File

@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ async def serialize_response(
exclude_none: bool = False,
is_coroutine: bool = True,
endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
dump_json: bool = False,
) -> Any:
if field:
if is_coroutine:
@@ -286,8 +287,8 @@ async def serialize_response(
body=response_content,
endpoint_ctx=ctx,
)
return field.serialize(
serializer = field.serialize_json if dump_json else field.serialize
return serializer(
value,
include=include,
exclude=exclude,
@@ -328,6 +329,7 @@ def get_request_handler(
response_model_exclude_none: bool = False,
dependency_overrides_provider: Any | None = None,
embed_body_fields: bool = False,
strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]:
assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function"
is_coroutine = dependant.is_coroutine_callable
@@ -336,6 +338,10 @@ def get_request_handler(
actual_response_class: type[Response] = response_class.value
else:
actual_response_class = response_class
if isinstance(strict_content_type, DefaultPlaceholder):
actual_strict_content_type: bool = strict_content_type.value
else:
actual_strict_content_type = strict_content_type
async def app(request: Request) -> Response:
response: Response | None = None
@@ -369,7 +375,8 @@ def get_request_handler(
json_body: Any = Undefined
content_type_value = request.headers.get("content-type")
if not content_type_value:
json_body = await request.json()
if not actual_strict_content_type:
json_body = await request.json()
else:
message = email.message.Message()
message["content-type"] = content_type_value
@@ -443,6 +450,14 @@ def get_request_handler(
response_args["status_code"] = current_status_code
if solved_result.response.status_code:
response_args["status_code"] = solved_result.response.status_code
# Use the fast path (dump_json) when no custom response
# class was set and a response field with a TypeAdapter
# exists. Serializes directly to JSON bytes via Pydantic's
# Rust core, skipping the intermediate Python dict +
# json.dumps() step.
use_dump_json = response_field is not None and isinstance(
response_class, DefaultPlaceholder
)
content = await serialize_response(
field=response_field,
response_content=raw_response,
@@ -454,8 +469,16 @@ def get_request_handler(
exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none,
is_coroutine=is_coroutine,
endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx,
dump_json=use_dump_json,
)
response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args)
if use_dump_json:
response = Response(
content=content,
media_type="application/json",
**response_args,
)
else:
response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args)
if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code):
response.body = b""
response.headers.raw.extend(solved_result.response.headers.raw)
@@ -582,6 +605,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
generate_unique_id_function: Callable[["APIRoute"], str]
| DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
) -> None:
self.path = path
self.endpoint = endpoint
@@ -608,6 +632,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
self.callbacks = callbacks
self.openapi_extra = openapi_extra
self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
self.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
self.tags = tags or []
self.responses = responses or {}
self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name
@@ -696,6 +721,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
response_model_exclude_none=self.response_model_exclude_none,
dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider,
embed_body_fields=self._embed_body_fields,
strict_content_type=self.strict_content_type,
)
def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> tuple[Match, Scope]:
@@ -946,6 +972,29 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
"""
),
] = Default(generate_unique_id),
strict_content_type: Annotated[
bool,
Doc(
"""
Enable strict checking for request Content-Type headers.
When `True` (the default), requests with a body that do not include
a `Content-Type` header will **not** be parsed as JSON.
This prevents potential cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks
that exploit the browser's ability to send requests without a
Content-Type header, bypassing CORS preflight checks. In particular
applicable for apps that need to be run locally (in localhost).
When `False`, requests without a `Content-Type` header will have
their body parsed as JSON, which maintains compatibility with
certain clients that don't send `Content-Type` headers.
Read more about it in the
[FastAPI docs for Strict Content-Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/strict-content-type/).
"""
),
] = Default(True),
) -> None:
# Determine the lifespan context to use
if lifespan is None:
@@ -992,6 +1041,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
self.route_class = route_class
self.default_response_class = default_response_class
self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function
self.strict_content_type = strict_content_type
def route(
self,
@@ -1042,6 +1092,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
openapi_extra: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str]
| DefaultPlaceholder = Default(generate_unique_id),
strict_content_type: bool | DefaultPlaceholder = Default(True),
) -> None:
route_class = route_class_override or self.route_class
responses = responses or {}
@@ -1088,6 +1139,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
callbacks=current_callbacks,
openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
strict_content_type, self.strict_content_type
),
)
self.routes.append(route)
@@ -1463,6 +1517,11 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
callbacks=current_callbacks,
openapi_extra=route.openapi_extra,
generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
strict_content_type=get_value_or_default(
route.strict_content_type,
router.strict_content_type,
self.strict_content_type,
),
)
elif isinstance(route, routing.Route):
methods = list(route.methods or [])

View File

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ classifiers = [
"Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
]
dependencies = [
"starlette>=0.40.0,<1.0.0",
"starlette>=0.40.0",
"pydantic>=2.7.0",
"typing-extensions>=4.8.0",
"typing-inspection>=0.4.2",
@@ -105,10 +105,6 @@ all = [
"itsdangerous >=1.1.0",
# For Starlette's schema generation, would not be used with FastAPI
"pyyaml >=5.3.1",
# For UJSONResponse
"ujson >=5.8.0",
# For ORJSONResponse
"orjson >=3.9.3",
# To validate email fields
"email-validator >=2.0.0",
# Uvicorn with uvloop
@@ -151,6 +147,10 @@ docs = [
docs-tests = [
"httpx >=0.23.0,<1.0.0",
"ruff >=0.14.14",
# For UJSONResponse
"ujson >=5.8.0",
# For ORJSONResponse
"orjson >=3.9.3",
]
github-actions = [
"httpx >=0.27.0,<1.0.0",
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ github-actions = [
tests = [
{ include-group = "docs-tests" },
"anyio[trio] >=3.2.1,<5.0.0",
"coverage[toml] >=6.5.0,<8.0",
"coverage[toml] >=7.13,<8.0",
"dirty-equals >=0.9.0",
"flask >=3.0.0,<4.0.0",
"inline-snapshot >=0.21.1",
@@ -178,6 +178,10 @@ tests = [
"types-orjson >=3.6.2",
"types-ujson >=5.10.0.20240515",
"a2wsgi >=1.9.0,<=2.0.0",
"pytest-xdist[psutil]>=2.5.0",
"pytest-cov>=4.0.0",
"pytest-sugar>=1.0.0",
"pytest-timeout>=2.4.0",
]
translations = [
"gitpython >=3.1.46",
@@ -229,6 +233,7 @@ strict_xfail = true
filterwarnings = [
"error",
]
timeout = "5"
[tool.coverage.run]
parallel = true
@@ -240,8 +245,8 @@ source = [
]
relative_files = true
context = '${CONTEXT}'
dynamic_context = "test_function"
omit = [
"tests/benchmarks/*",
"docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py39.py",
"docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py",
"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial013_an_py310.py", # temporary code example?

View File

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import time
from collections import Counter
from collections.abc import Container
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from math import ceil
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
@@ -15,12 +16,63 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
questions_category_id = "MDE4OkRpc2N1c3Npb25DYXRlZ29yeTMyMDAxNDM0"
questions_category_id = "DIC_kwDOCZduT84B6E2a"
POINTS_PER_MINUTE_LIMIT = 84 # 5000 points per hour
class RateLimiter:
def __init__(self) -> None:
self.last_query_cost: int = 1
self.remaining_points: int = 5000
self.reset_at: datetime = datetime.fromtimestamp(0, timezone.utc)
self.last_request_start_time: datetime = datetime.fromtimestamp(0, timezone.utc)
self.speed_multiplier: float = 1.0
def __enter__(self) -> "RateLimiter":
now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
# Handle primary rate limits
primary_limit_wait_time = 0.0
if self.remaining_points <= self.last_query_cost:
primary_limit_wait_time = (self.reset_at - now).total_seconds() + 2
logging.warning(
f"Approaching GitHub API rate limit, remaining points: {self.remaining_points}, "
f"reset time in {primary_limit_wait_time} seconds"
)
# Handle secondary rate limits
secondary_limit_wait_time = 0.0
points_per_minute = POINTS_PER_MINUTE_LIMIT * self.speed_multiplier
interval = 60 / (points_per_minute / self.last_query_cost)
time_since_last_request = (now - self.last_request_start_time).total_seconds()
if time_since_last_request < interval:
secondary_limit_wait_time = interval - time_since_last_request
final_wait_time = ceil(max(primary_limit_wait_time, secondary_limit_wait_time))
logging.info(f"Sleeping for {final_wait_time} seconds to respect rate limit")
time.sleep(max(final_wait_time, 1))
self.last_request_start_time = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
pass
def update_request_info(self, cost: int, remaining: int, reset_at: str) -> None:
self.last_query_cost = cost
self.remaining_points = remaining
self.reset_at = datetime.fromisoformat(reset_at.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
rate_limiter = RateLimiter()
discussions_query = """
query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) {
repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "fastapi") {
discussions(first: 100, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) {
discussions(first: 30, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) {
edges {
cursor
node {
@@ -58,6 +110,11 @@ query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) {
}
}
}
rateLimit {
cost
remaining
resetAt
}
}
"""
@@ -120,7 +177,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
github_token: SecretStr
github_repository: str
httpx_timeout: int = 30
sleep_interval: int = 5
speed_multiplier: float = 1.0
def get_graphql_response(
@@ -158,11 +215,18 @@ def get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
settings: Settings,
after: str | None = None,
) -> list[DiscussionsEdge]:
data = get_graphql_response(
settings=settings,
query=discussions_query,
after=after,
category_id=questions_category_id,
with rate_limiter:
data = get_graphql_response(
settings=settings,
query=discussions_query,
after=after,
category_id=questions_category_id,
)
rate_limiter.update_request_info(
cost=data["data"]["rateLimit"]["cost"],
remaining=data["data"]["rateLimit"]["remaining"],
reset_at=data["data"]["rateLimit"]["resetAt"],
)
graphql_response = DiscussionsResponse.model_validate(data)
return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.edges
@@ -185,8 +249,6 @@ def get_discussion_nodes(settings: Settings) -> list[DiscussionsNode]:
for discussion_edge in discussion_edges:
discussion_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node)
last_edge = discussion_edges[-1]
# Handle GitHub secondary rate limits, requests per minute
time.sleep(settings.sleep_interval)
discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor
)
@@ -318,6 +380,7 @@ def main() -> None:
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
settings = Settings()
logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.model_dump_json()}")
rate_limiter.speed_multiplier = settings.speed_multiplier
g = Github(settings.github_token.get_secret_value())
repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository)

View File

@@ -3,5 +3,4 @@
set -e
set -x
bash scripts/test.sh ${@}
bash scripts/coverage.sh
bash scripts/test-cov.sh --cov-report=term-missing --cov-report=html ${@}

6
scripts/test-cov.sh Executable file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
set -x
bash scripts/test.sh --cov --cov-context=test ${@}

View File

@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ set -e
set -x
export PYTHONPATH=./docs_src
coverage run -m pytest tests scripts/tests/ ${@}
pytest -n auto --dist loadgroup tests scripts/tests/ ${@}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
import warnings
import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse, UJSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
# ORJSON
def _make_orjson_app() -> FastAPI:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
@app.get("/items")
def get_items() -> Item:
return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
return app
def test_orjson_response_returns_correct_data():
app = _make_orjson_app()
client = TestClient(app)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
response = client.get("/items")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
def test_orjson_response_emits_deprecation_warning():
with pytest.warns(FastAPIDeprecationWarning, match="ORJSONResponse is deprecated"):
ORJSONResponse(content={"hello": "world"})
# UJSON
def _make_ujson_app() -> FastAPI:
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
app = FastAPI(default_response_class=UJSONResponse)
@app.get("/items")
def get_items() -> Item:
return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
return app
def test_ujson_response_returns_correct_data():
app = _make_ujson_app()
client = TestClient(app)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
response = client.get("/items")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
def test_ujson_response_emits_deprecation_warning():
with pytest.warns(FastAPIDeprecationWarning, match="UJSONResponse is deprecated"):
UJSONResponse(content={"hello": "world"})

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
from unittest.mock import patch
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/default")
def get_default() -> Item:
return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
@app.get("/explicit", response_class=JSONResponse)
def get_explicit() -> Item:
return Item(name="widget", price=9.99)
client = TestClient(app)
def test_default_response_class_skips_json_dumps():
"""When no response_class is set, the fast path serializes directly to
JSON bytes via Pydantic's dump_json and never calls json.dumps."""
with patch(
"starlette.responses.json.dumps", wraps=__import__("json").dumps
) as mock_dumps:
response = client.get("/default")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
mock_dumps.assert_not_called()
def test_explicit_response_class_uses_json_dumps():
"""When response_class is explicitly set to JSONResponse, the normal path
is used and json.dumps is called via JSONResponse.render()."""
with patch(
"starlette.responses.json.dumps", wraps=__import__("json").dumps
) as mock_dumps:
response = client.get("/explicit")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"name": "widget", "price": 9.99}
mock_dumps.assert_called_once()

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
def test_root_path_does_not_persist_across_requests():
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
def read_root(): # pragma: no cover
return {"ok": True}
# Attacker request with a spoofed root_path
attacker_client = TestClient(app, root_path="/evil-api")
response1 = attacker_client.get("/openapi.json")
data1 = response1.json()
assert any(s.get("url") == "/evil-api" for s in data1.get("servers", []))
# Subsequent legitimate request with no root_path
clean_client = TestClient(app)
response2 = clean_client.get("/openapi.json")
data2 = response2.json()
servers = [s.get("url") for s in data2.get("servers", [])]
assert "/evil-api" not in servers
def test_multiple_different_root_paths_do_not_accumulate():
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
def read_root(): # pragma: no cover
return {"ok": True}
for prefix in ["/path-a", "/path-b", "/path-c"]:
c = TestClient(app, root_path=prefix)
c.get("/openapi.json")
# A clean request should not have any of them
clean_client = TestClient(app)
response = clean_client.get("/openapi.json")
data = response.json()
servers = [s.get("url") for s in data.get("servers", [])]
for prefix in ["/path-a", "/path-b", "/path-c"]:
assert prefix not in servers, (
f"root_path '{prefix}' leaked into clean request: {servers}"
)
def test_legitimate_root_path_still_appears():
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
def read_root(): # pragma: no cover
return {"ok": True}
client = TestClient(app, root_path="/api/v1")
response = client.get("/openapi.json")
data = response.json()
servers = [s.get("url") for s in data.get("servers", [])]
assert "/api/v1" in servers
def test_configured_servers_not_mutated():
configured_servers = [{"url": "https://prod.example.com"}]
app = FastAPI(servers=configured_servers)
@app.get("/")
def read_root(): # pragma: no cover
return {"ok": True}
# Request with a rogue root_path
attacker_client = TestClient(app, root_path="/evil")
attacker_client.get("/openapi.json")
# The original servers list must be untouched
assert configured_servers == [{"url": "https://prod.example.com"}]

View File

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
import warnings
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import quoted_name
app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse)
@app.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
@@ -16,6 +21,8 @@ client = TestClient(app)
def test_orjson_non_str_keys():
with client:
response = client.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
with client:
response = client.get("/orjson_non_str_keys")
assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World", "1": 1}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app_default = FastAPI()
@app_default.post("/items/")
async def app_default_post(data: dict):
return data
app_lax = FastAPI(strict_content_type=False)
@app_lax.post("/items/")
async def app_lax_post(data: dict):
return data
client_default = TestClient(app_default)
client_lax = TestClient(app_lax)
def test_default_strict_rejects_no_content_type():
response = client_default.post("/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 422
def test_default_strict_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client_default.post("/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
def test_lax_accepts_no_content_type():
response = client_lax.post("/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
def test_lax_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client_lax.post("/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
# Lax app with nested routers, inner overrides to strict
app_nested = FastAPI(strict_content_type=False) # lax app
outer_router = APIRouter(prefix="/outer") # inherits lax from app
inner_strict = APIRouter(prefix="/strict", strict_content_type=True)
inner_default = APIRouter(prefix="/default")
@inner_strict.post("/items/")
async def inner_strict_post(data: dict):
return data
@inner_default.post("/items/")
async def inner_default_post(data: dict):
return data
outer_router.include_router(inner_strict)
outer_router.include_router(inner_default)
app_nested.include_router(outer_router)
client_nested = TestClient(app_nested)
def test_strict_inner_on_lax_app_rejects_no_content_type():
response = client_nested.post("/outer/strict/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 422
def test_default_inner_inherits_lax_from_app():
response = client_nested.post("/outer/default/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
def test_strict_inner_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client_nested.post("/outer/strict/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200
def test_default_inner_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client_nested.post("/outer/default/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200
# Strict app -> lax outer router -> strict inner router
app_mixed = FastAPI(strict_content_type=True)
mixed_outer = APIRouter(prefix="/outer", strict_content_type=False)
mixed_inner = APIRouter(prefix="/inner", strict_content_type=True)
@mixed_outer.post("/items/")
async def mixed_outer_post(data: dict):
return data
@mixed_inner.post("/items/")
async def mixed_inner_post(data: dict):
return data
mixed_outer.include_router(mixed_inner)
app_mixed.include_router(mixed_outer)
client_mixed = TestClient(app_mixed)
def test_lax_outer_on_strict_app_accepts_no_content_type():
response = client_mixed.post("/outer/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
def test_strict_inner_on_lax_outer_rejects_no_content_type():
response = client_mixed.post("/outer/inner/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 422
def test_lax_outer_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client_mixed.post("/outer/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200
def test_strict_inner_on_lax_outer_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client_mixed.post("/outer/inner/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app = FastAPI()
router_lax = APIRouter(prefix="/lax", strict_content_type=False)
router_strict = APIRouter(prefix="/strict", strict_content_type=True)
router_default = APIRouter(prefix="/default")
@router_lax.post("/items/")
async def router_lax_post(data: dict):
return data
@router_strict.post("/items/")
async def router_strict_post(data: dict):
return data
@router_default.post("/items/")
async def router_default_post(data: dict):
return data
app.include_router(router_lax)
app.include_router(router_strict)
app.include_router(router_default)
client = TestClient(app)
def test_lax_router_on_strict_app_accepts_no_content_type():
response = client.post("/lax/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"key": "value"}
def test_strict_router_on_strict_app_rejects_no_content_type():
response = client.post("/strict/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 422
def test_default_router_inherits_strict_from_app():
response = client.post("/default/items/", content='{"key": "value"}')
assert response.status_code == 422
def test_lax_router_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client.post("/lax/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200
def test_strict_router_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client.post("/strict/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200
def test_default_router_accepts_json_content_type():
response = client.post("/default/items/", json={"key": "value"})
assert response.status_code == 200

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
from fastapi.openapi.docs import get_swagger_ui_html
def test_init_oauth_html_chars_are_escaped():
xss_payload = "Evil</script><script>alert(1)</script>"
html = get_swagger_ui_html(
openapi_url="/openapi.json",
title="Test",
init_oauth={"appName": xss_payload},
)
body = html.body.decode()
assert "</script><script>" not in body
assert "\\u003c/script\\u003e\\u003cscript\\u003e" in body
def test_swagger_ui_parameters_html_chars_are_escaped():
html = get_swagger_ui_html(
openapi_url="/openapi.json",
title="Test",
swagger_ui_parameters={"customKey": "<img src=x onerror=alert(1)>"},
)
body = html.body.decode()
assert "<img src=x onerror=alert(1)>" not in body
assert "\\u003cimg" in body
def test_normal_init_oauth_still_works():
html = get_swagger_ui_html(
openapi_url="/openapi.json",
title="Test",
init_oauth={"clientId": "my-client", "appName": "My App"},
)
body = html.body.decode()
assert '"clientId": "my-client"' in body
assert '"appName": "My App"' in body
assert "ui.initOAuth" in body

View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from tests.utils import needs_py310
from tests.utils import needs_py310, workdir_lock
@pytest.fixture(
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ def test_path_operation(client: TestClient):
assert response.json() == {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
@workdir_lock
def test_path_operation_img(client: TestClient):
shutil.copy("./docs/en/docs/img/favicon.png", "./image.png")
response = client.get("/items/foo?img=1")

View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from tests.utils import needs_py310
from tests.utils import needs_py310, workdir_lock
@pytest.fixture(
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ def test_path_operation(client: TestClient):
assert response.json() == {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
@workdir_lock
def test_path_operation_img(client: TestClient):
shutil.copy("./docs/en/docs/img/favicon.png", "./image.png")
response = client.get("/items/foo?img=1")

View File

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ from pathlib import Path
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from docs_src.background_tasks.tutorial001_py310 import app
from tests.utils import workdir_lock
client = TestClient(app)
@workdir_lock
def test():
log = Path("log.txt")
if log.is_file():

View File

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from ...utils import needs_py310
from tests.utils import needs_py310, workdir_lock
@pytest.fixture(
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
return client
@workdir_lock
def test(client: TestClient):
log = Path("log.txt")
if log.is_file():

View File

@@ -189,18 +189,12 @@ def test_geo_json(client: TestClient):
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
def test_no_content_type_is_json(client: TestClient):
def test_no_content_type_json(client: TestClient):
response = client.post(
"/items/",
content='{"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}',
)
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.json() == {
"name": "Foo",
"description": None,
"price": 50.5,
"tax": None,
}
assert response.status_code == 422, response.text
def test_wrong_headers(client: TestClient):

View File

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ from pathlib import Path
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from tests.utils import workdir_lock
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def client():
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ def client():
static_dir.rmdir()
@workdir_lock
def test_swagger_ui_html(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/docs")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
@@ -24,18 +27,21 @@ def test_swagger_ui_html(client: TestClient):
assert "https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui.css" in response.text
@workdir_lock
def test_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/docs/oauth2-redirect")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert "window.opener.swaggerUIRedirectOauth2" in response.text
@workdir_lock
def test_redoc_html(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/redoc")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert "https://unpkg.com/redoc@2/bundles/redoc.standalone.js" in response.text
@workdir_lock
def test_api(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/users/john")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

View File

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ from pathlib import Path
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from tests.utils import workdir_lock
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def client():
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@ def client():
static_dir.rmdir()
@workdir_lock
def test_swagger_ui_html(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/docs")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
@@ -24,18 +27,21 @@ def test_swagger_ui_html(client: TestClient):
assert "/static/swagger-ui.css" in response.text
@workdir_lock
def test_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/docs/oauth2-redirect")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert "window.opener.swaggerUIRedirectOauth2" in response.text
@workdir_lock
def test_redoc_html(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/redoc")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert "/static/redoc.standalone.js" in response.text
@workdir_lock
def test_api(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/users/john")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

View File

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from inline_snapshot import snapshot
name="client",
params=[
pytest.param("tutorial001_py310"),
pytest.param("tutorial010_py310"),
],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
@@ -18,12 +17,14 @@ def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
return client
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
def test_get_custom_response(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/openapi.json")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

View File

@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
import warnings
import pytest
from fastapi.exceptions import FastAPIDeprecationWarning
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial001b_py310 import app
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", FastAPIDeprecationWarning)
from docs_src.custom_response.tutorial001b_py310 import app
client = TestClient(app)
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
def test_get_custom_response():
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.json() == [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore::fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIDeprecationWarning")
def test_openapi_schema():
response = client.get("/openapi.json")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
import importlib
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
@pytest.fixture(
name="client",
params=[
pytest.param("tutorial010_py310"),
],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.custom_response.{request.param}")
client = TestClient(mod.app)
return client
def test_get_custom_response(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.text == snapshot("<h1>Items</h1><p>This is a list of items.</p>")
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/openapi.json")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.json() == snapshot(
{
"openapi": "3.1.0",
"info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
"paths": {
"/items/": {
"get": {
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "Successful Response",
"content": {
"text/html": {"schema": {"type": "string"}}
},
}
},
"summary": "Read Items",
"operationId": "read_items_items__get",
}
}
},
}
)

View File

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from tests.utils import workdir_lock
@pytest.fixture(name="app", scope="module")
def get_app():
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ def get_app():
yield app
@workdir_lock
def test_events(app: FastAPI):
with TestClient(app) as client:
response = client.get("/items/")
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ def test_events(app: FastAPI):
assert "Application shutdown" in log.read()
@workdir_lock
def test_openapi_schema(app: FastAPI):
with TestClient(app) as client:
response = client.get("/openapi.json")

View File

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def get_mod_name(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_test_client(mod_name: str, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> TestClient:
if mod_name in sys.modules:
del sys.modules[mod_name]
del sys.modules[mod_name] # pragma: no cover
monkeypatch.setenv("ADMIN_EMAIL", "admin@example.com")
main_mod = importlib.import_module(mod_name)
return TestClient(main_mod.app)

View File

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from tests.utils import workdir_lock
@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def client():
@@ -20,17 +22,20 @@ def client():
static_dir.rmdir()
@workdir_lock
def test_static_files(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/static/sample.txt")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.text == "This is a sample static file."
@workdir_lock
def test_static_files_not_found(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/static/non_existent_file.txt")
assert response.status_code == 404, response.text
@workdir_lock
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
response = client.get("/openapi.json")
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

View File

View File

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
import importlib
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
@pytest.fixture(
name="client",
params=[
"tutorial001_py310",
],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.strict_content_type.{request.param}")
client = TestClient(mod.app)
return client
def test_lax_post_without_content_type_is_parsed_as_json(client: TestClient):
response = client.post(
"/items/",
content='{"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}',
)
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}
def test_lax_post_with_json_content_type(client: TestClient):
response = client.post(
"/items/",
json={"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5},
)
assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
assert response.json() == {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}
def test_lax_post_with_text_plain_is_still_rejected(client: TestClient):
response = client.post(
"/items/",
content='{"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5}',
headers={"Content-Type": "text/plain"},
)
assert response.status_code == 422, response.text

View File

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ import shutil
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from tests.utils import workdir_lock
@workdir_lock
def test_main():
if os.path.isdir("./static"): # pragma: nocover
shutil.rmtree("./static")

View File

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ needs_py314 = pytest.mark.skipif(
sys.version_info < (3, 14), reason="requires python3.14+"
)
workdir_lock = pytest.mark.xdist_group("workdir_lock")
def skip_module_if_py_gte_314():
"""Skip entire module on Python 3.14+ at import time."""

250
uv.lock generated
View File

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ wheels = [
[[package]]
name = "anthropic"
version = "0.78.0"
version = "0.83.0"
source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
dependencies = [
{ name = "anyio" },
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ dependencies = [
{ name = "sniffio" },
{ name = "typing-extensions" },
]
sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ec/51/32849a48f9b1cfe80a508fd269b20bd8f0b1357c70ba092890fde5a6a10b/anthropic-0.78.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:55fd978ab9b049c61857463f4c4e9e092b24f892519c6d8078cee1713d8af06e", size = 509136, upload-time = "2026-02-05T17:52:04.986Z" }
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