🔖 Release 0.18.0

📝 Update release notes
✨ Add docs for HTTP Basic Auth and tests (#177 )
2025-12-28 00:30:58 -05:00 · 2019-04-22 21:08:43 +04:00 · 2019-04-21 22:31:43 +04:00 · 2019-04-21 22:30:58 +04:00 · 2019-04-21 21:46:00 +04:00 · 2019-04-21 21:44:25 +04:00
41 changed files with 879 additions and 145 deletions
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ after_script:

 deploy:
  provider: script
-  script: bash scripts/trigger-docker.sh
+  script: bash scripts/deploy.sh
  on:
-    branch: master
+    tags: true
+    python: "3.6"
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ uvicorn = "*"

 [packages]
 starlette = "==0.11.1"
-pydantic = "==0.21.0"
+pydantic = "==0.23.0"
 databases = {extras = ["sqlite"],version = "*"}

 [requires]
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ b/Pipfile.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "24b3b7b88d3cbe671ddbe296e64c15f8558f0e5d5df977200119872a363aac13"
+            "sha256": "02367d250c6327eac80dfcd8e5ccfa49bcdca0332bc757d527c3db27643baa0d"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@
                "sqlite"
            ],
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:da819f7e00dc7d8c2f0585ec53aa49bae63b366f800506097db2e87972a4d44f"
+                "sha256:d365cff2035c5177ef5fd8c5abf6671da01189521da64848a01251c870daf48f"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.2.1"
+            "version": "==0.2.2"
        },
        "dataclasses": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -56,23 +56,38 @@
        },
        "immutables": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:f958ba15745e30d3a38e3c9fcead8496037135bb21c78c0f925c104abba3a6fa"
+                "sha256:10861f2a2b86139f0c91d5073392d76117f37e84f912dc47c943c23a64008cc7",
+                "sha256:3e23eeb4bc55d57b2a97bef4c1a2891bbb731050b4167c855545797d45e84e45",
+                "sha256:4373876879f147986808f71e6ca02380192a279e8b8d45832f6fed4e7f717562",
+                "sha256:46f9122da033fecf84d7f4c6257aec780f370b20f3ce6bc521702b63ee3d99f7",
+                "sha256:5104db6102e53702af45c6b0af36e45a80970123b11a80c14e0fce48444cdbe3",
+                "sha256:59274bcb631f4fdc9731e9a4a96d16d96b3a17e29fd5e46516518f38406f678f",
+                "sha256:65a9c624e50ca5c50464dbf432996b5c4f056a411bcff5690ef4cab59f913f99",
+                "sha256:b64e0672497b884d21170ca61c693da8488d77f043650efa7911378cbbad0f2c",
+                "sha256:b70655dba00742b033310933066a2202e1cfbbb0f63841b4597cd8787974b242",
+                "sha256:c3d8c238a6f9b60355578579563773348674b6da63c1a0d7394384ed341f3d41",
+                "sha256:cd66bcd11b6a1c1a80fb8d90e25870ff2d5c705ab5eb9666355a33d3fef6ac70",
+                "sha256:d59310fc4f97c1ff8c3660cb98032db266ac0c285a86ca7a512e8e84a95f44c9",
+                "sha256:d71d1c822498646143270580dd6f743bb31ab89ae0ded8b2307c356d3a00f1c0",
+                "sha256:f53da698b42db83cfb1f5073560838051430798c8d8e34a57a27031edbc3041d",
+                "sha256:f958ba15745e30d3a38e3c9fcead8496037135bb21c78c0f925c104abba3a6fa",
+                "sha256:ff95e2aa618eed1a0ef4479938f18f3522c89562b9bbb59d677597c0337569dd"
            ],
            "version": "==0.9"
        },
        "pydantic": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:93fa585402e7c8c01623ea8af6ca23363e8b4c6a020b7a2de9e99fa29d642d50",
-                "sha256:eb441dd50779347a450494c437db3ecbb13c1f3854497df879662782af516c5c"
+                "sha256:1205cd1213e8acee40a9ad7160b24de74484fd79ec3f09150b255896a3f506ab",
+                "sha256:58b71804e9a6b4e1ccf8b3dbbca8c0f9cf4b494e5bea219a96e2e2ecb5af688e"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.21.0"
+            "version": "==0.23.0"
        },
        "sqlalchemy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:d5432832f91d200c3d8b473a266d59442d825f9ea744c467e68c5d9a9479fbce"
+                "sha256:91c54ca8345008fceaec987e10924bf07dcab36c442925357e5a467b36a38319"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.3.2"
+            "version": "==1.3.3"
        },
        "starlette": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -205,10 +220,10 @@
        },
        "defusedxml": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:24d7f2f94f7f3cb6061acb215685e5125fbcdc40a857eff9de22518820b0a4f4",
-                "sha256:702a91ade2968a82beb0db1e0766a6a273f33d4616a6ce8cde475d8e09853b20"
+                "sha256:6687150770438374ab581bb7a1b327a847dd9c5749e396102de3fad4e8a3ef93",
+                "sha256:f684034d135af4c6cbb949b8a4d2ed61634515257a67299e5f940fbaa34377f5"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.5.0"
+            "version": "==0.6.0"
        },
        "dnspython": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -266,6 +281,7 @@
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:e00cbd7ba01ff748e494248183abc6e153f49181169d8a3d41bb49132ca01dfc"
            ],
+            "markers": "sys_platform != 'win32' and sys_platform != 'cygwin' and platform_python_implementation != 'pypy'",
            "version": "==0.0.13"
        },
        "idna": {
@@ -441,11 +457,11 @@
        },
        "mkdocs-material": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:8f0a5217c24bd8635c0bda2a0ee4f91766448e9e3dd6429f1111dd992327345e",
-                "sha256:c2c6ef6b3e3ab4744a45d03a276e1eb106c91abf610d180d148613fd1a525c7c"
+                "sha256:8a572f4b3358b9c0e11af8ae319ba4f3747ebb61e2393734d875133b0d2f7891",
+                "sha256:91210776db541283dd4b7beb5339c190aa69de78ad661aa116a8aa97dd73c803"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.1.1"
+            "version": "==4.1.2"
        },
        "more-itertools": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -457,20 +473,20 @@
        },
        "mypy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:03261a04ace27250cf14f1301969e2cc36ad0343dd437e60007ce42f06ddbaff",
-                "sha256:6a7923e90dd8f8b8e762327e3a4dd814f0bc5581a627010f4e2ec72d906ada0f",
-                "sha256:6a7c2b16ff7dee1cd4a913641d6a8da0cd386be812524f41427ea25f8fe337a6",
-                "sha256:7480db0bc2bb473547c8d519ea549de9f9654170e6f5b34310094ebe5ee1c9dc",
-                "sha256:863774c896f2cdc62a0e2252e9ba7aaeb7da04c0296f47c82b125dce3437c580",
-                "sha256:9a990cf039891a83ee90f130256cc06d09c0793242ea38d0fe33fdc449507123",
-                "sha256:b03573d0cd8c051aa9ef7f47d564cf44bbc5e91e89a7a078b3ca904b3da8855a",
-                "sha256:b10b16d9aa7a01266f14260344fb25849ef0d508c512a916043f77987489aeff",
-                "sha256:b1eab82221c3cc94bf22152e701b3efc9d64f60fac4cab20969a0427e5a78261",
-                "sha256:e663d4424531dc99fb85c947df8a4a107442f53f20a4e0bcefaa1d21c87e1563",
-                "sha256:ffac30f3fa2c9e10118cbb0faa0b7da7edb6e3c24a4048a15446a1f3409884e3"
+                "sha256:2afe51527b1f6cdc4a5f34fc90473109b22bf7f21086ba3e9451857cf11489e6",
+                "sha256:56a16df3e0abb145d8accd5dbb70eba6c4bd26e2f89042b491faa78c9635d1e2",
+                "sha256:5764f10d27b2e93c84f70af5778941b8f4aa1379b2430f85c827e0f5464e8714",
+                "sha256:5bbc86374f04a3aa817622f98e40375ccb28c4836f36b66706cf3c6ccce86eda",
+                "sha256:6a9343089f6377e71e20ca734cd8e7ac25d36478a9df580efabfe9059819bf82",
+                "sha256:6c9851bc4a23dc1d854d3f5dfd5f20a016f8da86bcdbb42687879bb5f86434b0",
+                "sha256:b8e85956af3fcf043d6f87c91cbe8705073fc67029ba6e22d3468bfee42c4823",
+                "sha256:b9a0af8fae490306bc112229000aa0c2ccc837b49d29a5c42e088c132a2334dd",
+                "sha256:bbf643528e2a55df2c1587008d6e3bda5c0445f1240dfa85129af22ae16d7a9a",
+                "sha256:c46ab3438bd21511db0f2c612d89d8344154c0c9494afc7fbc932de514cf8d15",
+                "sha256:f7a83d6bd805855ef83ec605eb01ab4fa42bcef254b13631e451cbb44914a9b0"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.700"
+            "version": "==0.701"
        },
        "mypy-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -508,7 +524,8 @@
        },
        "parso": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:17cc2d7a945eb42c3569d4564cdf49bde221bc2b552af3eca9c1aad517dcdd33"
+                "sha256:17cc2d7a945eb42c3569d4564cdf49bde221bc2b552af3eca9c1aad517dcdd33",
+                "sha256:2e9574cb12e7112a87253e14e2c380ce312060269d04bd018478a3c92ea9a376"
            ],
            "version": "==0.4.0"
        },
@@ -599,11 +616,11 @@
        },
        "pytest": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:13c5e9fb5ec5179995e9357111ab089af350d788cbc944c628f3cde72285809b",
-                "sha256:f21d2f1fb8200830dcbb5d8ec466a9c9120e20d8b53c7585d180125cce1d297a"
+                "sha256:3773f4c235918987d51daf1db66d51c99fac654c81d6f2f709a046ab446d5e5d",
+                "sha256:b7802283b70ca24d7119b32915efa7c409982f59913c1a6c0640aacf118b95f5"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.4.0"
+            "version": "==4.4.1"
        },
        "pytest-cov": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -710,9 +727,9 @@
        },
        "sqlalchemy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:d5432832f91d200c3d8b473a266d59442d825f9ea744c467e68c5d9a9479fbce"
+                "sha256:91c54ca8345008fceaec987e10924bf07dcab36c442925357e5a467b36a38319"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.3.2"
+            "version": "==1.3.3"
        },
        "terminado": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -756,27 +773,28 @@
        },
        "typed-ast": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:035a54ede6ce1380599b2ce57844c6554666522e376bd111eb940fbc7c3dad23",
-                "sha256:037c35f2741ce3a9ac0d55abfcd119133cbd821fffa4461397718287092d9d15",
-                "sha256:049feae7e9f180b64efacbdc36b3af64a00393a47be22fa9cb6794e68d4e73d3",
-                "sha256:19228f7940beafc1ba21a6e8e070e0b0bfd1457902a3a81709762b8b9039b88d",
-                "sha256:2ea681e91e3550a30c2265d2916f40a5f5d89b59469a20f3bad7d07adee0f7a6",
-                "sha256:3a6b0a78af298d82323660df5497bcea0f0a4a25a0b003afd0ce5af049bd1f60",
-                "sha256:5385da8f3b801014504df0852bf83524599df890387a3c2b17b7caa3d78b1773",
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-                "sha256:b64efdbdf3bbb1377562c179f167f3bf301251411eb5ac77dec6b7d32bcda463",
-                "sha256:bac5f444c118aeb456fac1b0b5d14c6a71ea2a42069b09c176f75e9bd4c186f6",
-                "sha256:bda9068aafb73859491e13b99b682bd299c1b5fd50644d697533775828a28ee0",
-                "sha256:d659517ca116e6750101a1326107d3479028c5191f0ecee3c7203c50f5b915b0",
-                "sha256:eddd3fb1f3e0f82e5915a899285a39ee34ce18fd25d89582bc89fc9fb16cd2c6"
+                "sha256:04894d268ba6eab7e093d43107869ad49e7b5ef40d1a94243ea49b352061b200",
+                "sha256:16616ece19daddc586e499a3d2f560302c11f122b9c692bc216e821ae32aa0d0",
+                "sha256:252fdae740964b2d3cdfb3f84dcb4d6247a48a6abe2579e8029ab3be3cdc026c",
+                "sha256:2af80a373af123d0b9f44941a46df67ef0ff7a60f95872412a145f4500a7fc99",
+                "sha256:2c88d0a913229a06282b285f42a31e063c3bf9071ff65c5ea4c12acb6977c6a7",
+                "sha256:2ea99c029ebd4b5a308d915cc7fb95b8e1201d60b065450d5d26deb65d3f2bc1",
+                "sha256:3d2e3ab175fc097d2a51c7a0d3fda442f35ebcc93bb1d7bd9b95ad893e44c04d",
+                "sha256:4766dd695548a15ee766927bf883fb90c6ac8321be5a60c141f18628fb7f8da8",
+                "sha256:56b6978798502ef66625a2e0f80cf923da64e328da8bbe16c1ff928c70c873de",
+                "sha256:5cddb6f8bce14325b2863f9d5ac5c51e07b71b462361fd815d1d7706d3a9d682",
+                "sha256:644ee788222d81555af543b70a1098f2025db38eaa99226f3a75a6854924d4db",
+                "sha256:64cf762049fc4775efe6b27161467e76d0ba145862802a65eefc8879086fc6f8",
+                "sha256:68c362848d9fb71d3c3e5f43c09974a0ae319144634e7a47db62f0f2a54a7fa7",
+                "sha256:6c1f3c6f6635e611d58e467bf4371883568f0de9ccc4606f17048142dec14a1f",
+                "sha256:b213d4a02eec4ddf622f4d2fbc539f062af3788d1f332f028a2e19c42da53f15",
+                "sha256:bb27d4e7805a7de0e35bd0cb1411bc85f807968b2b0539597a49a23b00a622ae",
+                "sha256:c9d414512eaa417aadae7758bc118868cd2396b0e6138c1dd4fda96679c079d3",
+                "sha256:f0937165d1e25477b01081c4763d2d9cdc3b18af69cb259dd4f640c9b900fe5e",
+                "sha256:fb96a6e2c11059ecf84e6741a319f93f683e440e341d4489c9b161eca251cf2a",
+                "sha256:fc71d2d6ae56a091a8d94f33ec9d0f2001d1cb1db423d8b4355debfe9ce689b7"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.3.1"
+            "version": "==1.3.4"
        },
        "ujson": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -787,17 +805,17 @@
        },
        "urllib3": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:61bf29cada3fc2fbefad4fdf059ea4bd1b4a86d2b6d15e1c7c0b582b9752fe39",
-                "sha256:de9529817c93f27c8ccbfead6985011db27bd0ddfcdb2d86f3f663385c6a9c22"
+                "sha256:4c291ca23bbb55c76518905869ef34bdd5f0e46af7afe6861e8375643ffee1a0",
+                "sha256:9a247273df709c4fedb38c711e44292304f73f39ab01beda9f6b9fc375669ac3"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.24.1"
+            "version": "==1.24.2"
        },
        "uvicorn": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:d96fb442d9ce9c1dba67360035161d392970b8e6b0ed797d2cefed24abfd78bc"
+                "sha256:181d47abddedd0f6e23eaeed97976bdce9ea1dbff0ec12385309cf4835783f6a"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.7.0b2"
+            "version": "==0.7.0"
        },
        "uvloop": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -812,6 +830,7 @@
                "sha256:c48692bf4587ce281d641087658eca275a5ad3b63c78297bbded96570ae9ce8f",
                "sha256:fefc3b2b947c99737c348887db2c32e539160dcbeb7af9aa6b53db7a283538fe"
            ],
+            "markers": "sys_platform != 'win32' and sys_platform != 'cygwin' and platform_python_implementation != 'pypy'",
            "version": "==0.12.2"
        },
        "wcwidth": {
--- a/docs/benchmarks.md
+++ b/docs/benchmarks.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)

 But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should have the following in mind.

--- a/docs/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image12.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image12.png
--- a/docs/release-notes.md
+++ b/docs/release-notes.md
@@ -1,5 +1,41 @@
 ## Next release

+## 0.18.0
+
+* Add docs for <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/http-basic-auth/" target="_blank">HTTP Basic Auth</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/177" target="_blank">#177</a>.
+
+* Upgrade HTTP Basic Auth handling with automatic headers (automatic browser login prompt). PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/175" target="_blank">#175</a>.
+
+* Update dependencies for security. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/174" target="_blank">#174</a>.
+
+* Add docs for <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/" target="_blank">Middleware</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/173" target="_blank">#173</a>.
+
+## 0.17.0
+
+* Make Flit publish from CI. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/170" target="_blank">#170</a>.
+
+* Add documentation about handling <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/cors/" target="_blank">CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/169" target="_blank">#169</a>.
+
+* By default, encode by alias. This allows using Pydantic `alias` parameters working by default. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/168" target="_blank">#168</a>.
+
+## 0.16.0
+
+* Upgrade *path operation* `doctsring` parsing to support proper Markdown descriptions. New documentation at <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#description-from-docstring" target="_blank">Path Operation Configuration</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/163" target="_blank">#163</a>.
+
+* Refactor internal usage of Pydantic to use correct data types. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/164" target="_blank">#164</a>.
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic to version `0.23`. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/160" target="_blank">#160</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+
+* Fix typo in Tutorial about Extra Models. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/159" target="_blank">#159</a> by <a href="https://github.com/danielmichaels" target="_blank">@danielmichaels</a>.
+
+* Fix <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/" target="_blank">Query Parameters</a> URL examples in docs. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/157" target="_blank">#157</a> by <a href="https://github.com/hayata-yamamoto" target="_blank">@hayata-yamamoto</a>.
+
+## 0.15.0
+
+* Add support for multiple file uploads (as a single form field). New docs at: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#multiple-file-uploads" target="_blank">Multiple file uploads</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/158" target="_blank">#158</a>.
+
+* Add docs for: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-status-codes/" target="_blank">Additional Status Codes</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/156" target="_blank">#156</a>.
+
 ## 0.14.0

 * Improve automatically generated names of path operations in OpenAPI (in API docs). A function `read_items` instead of having a generated name "Read Items Get" will have "Read Items". PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/155" target="_blank">#155</a>.
--- a/docs/src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.status import HTTP_201_CREATED
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+async def upsert_item(item_id: str, name: str = Body(None), size: int = Body(None)):
+    if item_id in items:
+        item = items[item_id]
+        item["name"] = name
+        item["size"] = size
+        return item
+    else:
+        item = {"name": name, "size": size}
+        items[item_id] = item
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item)
--- a/docs/src/cors/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/cors/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+origins = [
+    "http://localhost.tiangolo.com",
+    "https://localhost.tiangolo.com",
+    "http:localhost",
+    "http:localhost:8080",
+]
+
+app.add_middleware(
+    CORSMiddleware,
+    allow_origins=origins,
+    allow_credentials=True,
+    allow_methods=["*"],
+    allow_headers=["*"],
+)
--- a/docs/src/middleware/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/middleware/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import time
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def add_process_time_header(request: Request, call_next):
+    start_time = time.time()
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    process_time = time.time() - start_time
+    response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)
+    return response
--- a/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
 async def create_item(*, item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:
-    
-    * name: each item must have a name
-    * description: a long description
-    * price: required
-    * tax: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
-    * tags: a set of unique tag strings for this item
+
+    - **name**: each item must have a name
+    - **description**: a long description
+    - **price**: required
+    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
+    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
    """
    return item
--- a/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py
+++ b/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
 async def create_item(*, item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:
-    
-    * name: each item must have a name
-    * description: a long description
-    * price: required
-    * tax: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
-    * tags: a set of unique tag strings for this item
+
+    - **name**: each item must have a name
+    - **description**: a long description
+    - **price**: required
+    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
+    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
    """
    return item
--- a/docs/src/request_files/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/request_files/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File(...)):
+    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
+async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
+    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    content = """
+<body>
+<form action="/files/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+<form action="/uploadfiles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+</body>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=content)
--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial006.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial006.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+security = HTTPBasic()
+
+
+@app.get("/users/me")
+def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)):
+    return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}
--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial007.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial007.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+security = HTTPBasic()
+
+
+def get_current_username(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)):
+    if credentials.username != "foo" or credentials.password != "password":
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Incorrect email or password",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"},
+        )
+    return credentials.username
+
+
+@app.get("/users/me")
+def read_current_user(username: str = Depends(get_current_username)):
+    return {"username": username}
--- a/docs/tutorial/additional-status-codes.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/additional-status-codes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+By default, **FastAPI** will return the responses using Starlette's `JSONResponse`, putting the content you return from your *path operation* inside of that `JSONResponse`.
+
+It will use the default status code or the one you set in your *path operation*.
+
+## Additional status codes
+
+If you want to return additional status codes apart from the main one, you can do that by returning a `Response` directly, like a `JSONResponse`, and set the additional status code directly.
+
+For example, let's say that you want to have a *path operation* that allows to update items, and returns HTTP status codes of 200 "OK" when successful.
+
+But you also want it to accept new items. And when the items didn't exist before, it creates them, and returns an HTTP status code of 201 "Created".
+
+To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2 20"
+{!./src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! warning
+    When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.
+
+    It won't be serialized with a model, etc.
+    
+    Make sure it has the data you want it to have, and that the values are valid JSON (if you are using `JSONResponse`).
+
+## OpenAPI and API docs
+
+If you return additional status codes and responses directly, they won't be included in the OpenAPI schema (the API docs), because FastAPI doesn't have a way to know before hand what you are going to return.
+
+But you can document that in your code, using: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-responses/" target="_blank">Additional Responses</a>.
--- a/docs/tutorial/cors.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/cors.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS" target="_blank">CORS or "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing"</a> refers to the situations when a frontend running in a browser has JavaScript code that communicates with a backend, and the backend is in a different "origin" than the frontend.
+
+## Origin
+
+An origin is the combination of protocol (`http`, `https`), domain (`myapp.com`, `localhost`, `localhost.tiangolo.com`), and port (`80`, `443`, `8080`).
+
+So, all these are different origins:
+
+* `http://localhost`
+* `https://localhost`
+* `http://localhost:8080`
+
+Even if they are all in `localhost`, they use different protocols or ports, so, they are different "origins".
+
+## Steps
+
+So, let's say you have a frontend running in your browser at `http://localhost:8080`, and its JavaScript is trying to communicate with a backend running at `http://localhost` (because we don't specify a port, the browser will assume the default port `80`).
+
+Then, the browser will send an HTTP `OPTIONS` request to the backend, and if the backend sends the appropriate headers authorizing the communication from this different origin (`http://localhost:8080`) then the browser will let the JavaScript in the frontend send its request to the backend.
+
+To achieve this, the backend must have a list of "allowed origins".
+
+In this case, it would have to include `http://localhost:8080` for the frontend to work correctly.
+
+## Wildcards
+
+It's also possible to declare the list as `"*"` (a "wildcard") to say that all are allowed.
+
+But that will only allow certain types of communication, excluding everything that involves credentials: Cookies, Authorization headers like those used with Bearer Tokens, etc.
+
+So, for everything to work correctly, it's better to specify explicitly the allowed origins.
+
+## Use `CORSMiddleware`
+
+You can configure it in your **FastAPI** application using Starlette's <a href="https://www.starlette.io/middleware/#corsmiddleware" target="_blank">`CORSMiddleware`</a>.
+
+* Import it form Starlette.
+* Create a list of allowed origins (as strings).
+* Add it as a "middleware" to your **FastAPI** application.
+
+You can also specify if your backend allows:
+
+* Credentials (Authorization headers, Cookies, etc).
+* Specific HTTP methods (`POST`, `PUT`) or all of them with the wildcard `"*"`.
+* Specific HTTP headers or all of them with the wildcard `"*"`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="2 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19"
+{!./src/cors/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## More info
+
+For more details of what you can specify in `CORSMiddleware`, check <a href="https://www.starlette.io/middleware/#corsmiddleware" target="_blank">Starlette's `CORSMiddleware` docs</a>.
+
+For more info about <abbr title="Cross-Origin Resource Sharing">CORS</abbr>, check the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS" target="_blank">Mozilla CORS documentation</a>.
--- a/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Continuing with the previous example, it will be common to have more than one re
 This is especially the case for user models, because:

 * The **input model** needs to be able to have a password.
-* The **output model** should do not have a password.
+* The **output model** should not have a password.
 * The **database model** would probably need to have a hashed password.

 !!! danger
--- a/docs/tutorial/middleware.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/middleware.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+You can add middleware to **FastAPI** applications.
+
+A "middleware" is a function that works with every **request** before it is processed by any specific *path operation*. And also with every **response** before returning it.
+
+* It takes each **request** that comes to your application.
+* It can then do something to that **request** or run any needed code.
+* Then it passes the **request** to be processed by the rest of the application (by some *path operation*).
+* It then takes the **response** generated by the application (by some *path operation*).
+* It can do something to that **response** or run any needed code.
+* Then it returns the **response**.
+
+## Create a middleware
+
+To create a middleware you use the decorator `@app.middleware("http")` on top of a function.
+
+The middleware function receives:
+
+* The `request`.
+* A function `call_next` that will receive the `request` as a parameter.
+    * This function will pass the `request` to the corresponding *path operation*.
+    * Then it returns the `response` generated by the corresponding *path operation*.
+* You can then modify further the `response` before returning it.
+
+```Python hl_lines="9 10 12 15"
+{!./src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    This technique is used in the tutorial about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">SQL (Relational) Databases</a>.
+
+### Before and after the `response`
+
+You can add code to be run with the `request`,  before any *path operation* receives it. 
+
+And also after the `response` is generated, before returning it.
+
+For example, you could add a custom header `X-Process-Time` containing the time in seconds that it took to process the request and generate a response:
+
+```Python hl_lines="11 13 14"
+{!./src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Starlette's Middleware
+
+You can also add any other <a href="https://www.starlette.io/middleware/" target="_blank">Starlette Middleware</a>.
+
+These are classes instead of plain functions.
+
+Including:
+
+* `CORSMiddleware` (described in the next section).
+* `GZipMiddleware`.
+* `SentryMiddleware`.
+* ...and others.
--- a/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ You can add a `summary` and `description`:

 As descriptions tend to be long and cover multiple lines, you can declare the path operation description in the function <abbr title="a multi-line string as the first expression inside a function (not assigned to any variable) used for documentation">docstring</abbr> and **FastAPI** will read it from there.

+You can write <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown" target="_blank">Markdown</a> in the docstring, it will be interpreted and displayed correctly (taking into account docstring indentation).
+
 ```Python hl_lines="19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27"
 {!./src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!}
 ```
@@ -50,9 +52,6 @@ It will be used in the interactive docs:

 <img src="/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image02.png">

-!!! info
-    OpenAPI specifies that descriptions can be written in Markdown syntax, but the interactive documentation systems included still don't support it at the time of writing this, although they have it in their plans.
-
 ## Response description

 You can specify the response description with the parameter `response_description`:
--- a/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
@@ -81,31 +81,31 @@ You can also declare `bool` types, and they will be converted:
 In this case, if you go to:

 ```
-http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?short=1
+http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1
 ```

 or

 ```
-http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?short=True
+http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True
 ```

 or

 ```
-http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?short=true
+http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true
 ```

 or

 ```
-http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?short=on
+http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on
 ```

 or

 ```
-http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?short=yes
+http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes
 ```

 or any other case variation (uppercase, first letter in uppercase, etc), your function will see the parameter `short` with a `bool` value of `True`. Otherwise as `False`.
--- a/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Using `UploadFile` has several advantages over `bytes`:

 * It uses a "spooled" file:
    * A file stored in memory up to a maximum size limit, and after passing this limit it will be stored in disk.
-* This means that it will work well for large files like images, videos, large binaries, etc. All without consuming all the memory.
+* This means that it will work well for large files like images, videos, large binaries, etc. without consuming all the memory.
 * You can get metadata from the uploaded file.
 * It has a <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-file-like-object" target="_blank">file-like</a> `async` interface.
 * It exposes an actual Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/tempfile.html#tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile" target="_blank">`SpooledTemporaryFile`</a> object that you can pass directly to other libraries that expect a file-like object.
@@ -107,6 +107,27 @@ The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses

    This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

+## Multiple file uploads
+
+It's possible to upload several files at the same time.
+
+They would be associated to the same "form field" sent using "form data".
+
+To use that, declare a `List` of `bytes` or `UploadFile`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="10 15"
+{!./src/request_files/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+You will receive, as declared, a `list` of `bytes` or `UploadFile`s.
+
+!!! note
+    Notice that, as of 2019-04-14, Swagger UI doesn't support multiple file uploads in the same form field. For more information, check <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/issues/4276" target="_blank">#4276</a> and <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/issues/3641" target="_blank">#3641</a>.
+
+    Nevertheless, **FastAPI** is already compatible with it, using the standard OpenAPI.
+    
+    So, whenever Swagger UI supports multi-file uploads, or any other tools that supports OpenAPI, they will be compatible with **FastAPI**.
+
 ## Recap

 Use `File` to declare files to be uploaded as input parameters (as form data).
--- a/docs/tutorial/security/http-basic-auth.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/security/http-basic-auth.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+For the simplest cases, you can use HTTP Basic Auth.
+
+In HTTP Basic Auth, the application expects a header that contains a username and a password.
+
+If it doesn't receive it, it returns an HTTP 401 "Unauthorized" error.
+
+And returns a header `WWW-Authenticate` with a value of `Basic`, and an optional `realm` parameter.
+
+That tells the browser to show the integrated prompt for a username and password.
+
+Then, when you type that username and password, the browser sends them in the header automatically.
+
+## Simple HTTP Basic Auth
+
+* Import `HTTPBAsic` and `HTTPBasicCredentials`.
+* Create a "`security` scheme" using `HTTPBAsic`.
+* Use that `security` with a dependency in your *path operation*.
+* It returns an object of type `HTTPBasicCredentials`:
+    * It contains the `username` and `password` sent.
+
+
+```Python hl_lines="2 6 10"
+{!./src/security/tutorial006.py!}
+```
+
+When you try to open the URL for the first time (or click the "Execute" button in the docs) the browser will ask you for your username and password:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image12.png">
+
+## Check the username
+
+Here's a more complete example.
+
+Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct.
+
+If the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again:
+
+```Python hl_lines="10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 21"
+{!./src/security/tutorial007.py!}
+```
--- a/fastapi/init.py
+++ b/fastapi/init.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""

-__version__ = "0.14.0"
+__version__ = "0.18.0"

 from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks

--- a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant, SecurityRequirement
 from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
 from fastapi.security.oauth2 import OAuth2, SecurityScopes
 from fastapi.security.open_id_connect_url import OpenIdConnect
-from fastapi.utils import UnconstrainedConfig, get_path_param_names
-from pydantic import Schema, create_model
+from fastapi.utils import get_path_param_names
+from pydantic import BaseConfig, Schema, create_model
 from pydantic.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper
 from pydantic.errors import MissingError
 from pydantic.fields import Field, Required, Shape
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ from pydantic.schema import get_annotation_from_schema
 from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass
 from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks
 from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
-from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile
-from starlette.requests import Headers, QueryParams, Request
+from starlette.datastructures import FormData, Headers, QueryParams, UploadFile
+from starlette.requests import Request

 param_supported_types = (
    str,
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ param_supported_types = (
    Decimal,
 )

+sequence_shapes = {Shape.LIST, Shape.SET, Shape.TUPLE}
+sequence_types = (list, set, tuple)
+sequence_shape_to_type = {Shape.LIST: list, Shape.SET: set, Shape.TUPLE: tuple}
+

 def get_sub_dependant(
    *, param: inspect.Parameter, path: str, security_scopes: List[str] = None
@@ -199,8 +203,8 @@ def add_param_to_fields(
        default=None if required else default_value,
        alias=alias,
        required=required,
-        model_config=UnconstrainedConfig,
-        class_validators=[],
+        model_config=BaseConfig,
+        class_validators={},
        schema=schema,
    )
    if schema.in_ == params.ParamTypes.path:
@@ -233,8 +237,8 @@ def add_param_to_body_fields(*, param: inspect.Parameter, dependant: Dependant)
        default=None if required else default_value,
        alias=schema.alias or param.name,
        required=required,
-        model_config=UnconstrainedConfig,
-        class_validators=[],
+        model_config=BaseConfig,
+        class_validators={},
        schema=schema,
    )
    dependant.body_params.append(field)
@@ -318,7 +322,7 @@ def request_params_to_args(
    values = {}
    errors = []
    for field in required_params:
-        if field.shape in {Shape.LIST, Shape.SET, Shape.TUPLE} and isinstance(
+        if field.shape in sequence_shapes and isinstance(
            received_params, (QueryParams, Headers)
        ):
            value = received_params.getlist(field.alias)
@@ -332,7 +336,7 @@ def request_params_to_args(
                    ErrorWrapper(
                        MissingError(),
                        loc=(schema.in_.value, field.alias),
-                        config=UnconstrainedConfig,
+                        config=BaseConfig,
                    )
                )
            else:
@@ -358,17 +362,24 @@ async def request_body_to_args(
        embed = getattr(field.schema, "embed", None)
        if len(required_params) == 1 and not embed:
            received_body = {field.alias: received_body}
-        elif received_body is None:
-            received_body = {}
        for field in required_params:
-            value = received_body.get(field.alias)
-            if value is None or (isinstance(field.schema, params.Form) and value == ""):
+            if field.shape in sequence_shapes and isinstance(received_body, FormData):
+                value = received_body.getlist(field.alias)
+            else:
+                value = received_body.get(field.alias)
+            if (
+                value is None
+                or (isinstance(field.schema, params.Form) and value == "")
+                or (
+                    isinstance(field.schema, params.Form)
+                    and field.shape in sequence_shapes
+                    and len(value) == 0
+                )
+            ):
                if field.required:
                    errors.append(
                        ErrorWrapper(
-                            MissingError(),
-                            loc=("body", field.alias),
-                            config=UnconstrainedConfig,
+                            MissingError(), loc=("body", field.alias), config=BaseConfig
                        )
                    )
                else:
@@ -380,6 +391,15 @@ async def request_body_to_args(
                and isinstance(value, UploadFile)
            ):
                value = await value.read()
+            elif (
+                field.shape in sequence_shapes
+                and isinstance(field.schema, params.File)
+                and lenient_issubclass(field.type_, bytes)
+                and isinstance(value, sequence_types)
+            ):
+                awaitables = [sub_value.read() for sub_value in value]
+                contents = await asyncio.gather(*awaitables)
+                value = sequence_shape_to_type[field.shape](contents)
            v_, errors_ = field.validate(value, values, loc=("body", field.alias))
            if isinstance(errors_, ErrorWrapper):
                errors.append(errors_)
@@ -391,10 +411,14 @@ async def request_body_to_args(


 def get_schema_compatible_field(*, field: Field) -> Field:
+    out_field = field
    if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, UploadFile):
-        return Field(
+        use_type: type = bytes
+        if field.shape in sequence_shapes:
+            use_type = List[bytes]
+        out_field = Field(
            name=field.name,
-            type_=bytes,
+            type_=use_type,
            class_validators=field.class_validators,
            model_config=field.model_config,
            default=field.default,
@@ -402,10 +426,10 @@ def get_schema_compatible_field(*, field: Field) -> Field:
            alias=field.alias,
            schema=field.schema,
        )
-    return field
+    return out_field


-def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Field:
+def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[Field]:
    flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant)
    if not flat_dependant.body_params:
        return None
@@ -430,8 +454,8 @@ def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Field:
        type_=BodyModel,
        default=None,
        required=required,
-        model_config=UnconstrainedConfig,
-        class_validators=[],
+        model_config=BaseConfig,
+        class_validators={},
        alias="body",
        schema=BodySchema(None),
    )
--- a/fastapi/encoders.py
+++ b/fastapi/encoders.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def jsonable_encoder(
    obj: Any,
    include: Set[str] = None,
    exclude: Set[str] = set(),
-    by_alias: bool = False,
+    by_alias: bool = True,
    include_none: bool = True,
    custom_encoder: dict = {},
    sqlalchemy_safe: bool = True,
--- a/fastapi/routing.py
+++ b/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ from fastapi import params
 from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant
 from fastapi.dependencies.utils import get_body_field, get_dependant, solve_dependencies
 from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
-from fastapi.utils import UnconstrainedConfig
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Schema
+from pydantic import BaseConfig, BaseModel, Schema
 from pydantic.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper, ValidationError
 from pydantic.fields import Field
 from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass
@@ -53,18 +52,13 @@ def get_app(
            body = None
            if body_field:
                if is_body_form:
-                    raw_body = await request.form()
-                    form_fields = {}
-                    for field, value in raw_body.items():
-                        form_fields[field] = value
-                    if form_fields:
-                        body = form_fields
+                    body = await request.form()
                else:
                    body_bytes = await request.body()
                    if body_bytes:
                        body = await request.json()
        except Exception as e:
-            logging.error("Error getting request body", e)
+            logging.error(f"Error getting request body: {e}")
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body"
            )
@@ -131,10 +125,10 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
            self.response_field: Optional[Field] = Field(
                name=response_name,
                type_=self.response_model,
-                class_validators=[],
+                class_validators={},
                default=None,
                required=False,
-                model_config=UnconstrainedConfig,
+                model_config=BaseConfig,
                schema=Schema(None),
            )
        else:
@@ -142,7 +136,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
        self.status_code = status_code
        self.tags = tags or []
        self.summary = summary
-        self.description = description or self.endpoint.__doc__
+        self.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(self.endpoint.__doc__ or "")
        self.response_description = response_description
        self.responses = responses or {}
        response_fields = {}
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
                    class_validators=None,
                    default=None,
                    required=False,
-                    model_config=UnconstrainedConfig,
+                    model_config=BaseConfig,
                    schema=Schema(None),
                )
                response_fields[additional_status_code] = response_field
--- a/fastapi/security/http.py
+++ b/fastapi/security/http.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import binascii
 from base64 import b64decode
 from typing import Optional

+from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException
 from fastapi.openapi.models import (
    HTTPBase as HTTPBaseModel,
    HTTPBearer as HTTPBearerModel,
@@ -9,9 +10,8 @@ from fastapi.openapi.models import (
 from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
 from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
 from starlette.requests import Request
-from starlette.status import HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN


 class HTTPBasicCredentials(BaseModel):
@@ -59,15 +59,21 @@ class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase):
    async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[HTTPBasicCredentials]:
        authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization")
        scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization)
-        # before implementing headers with 401 errors, wait for: https://github.com/encode/starlette/issues/295
-        # unauthorized_headers = {"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}
+        if self.realm:
+            unauthorized_headers = {"WWW-Authenticate": f'Basic realm="{self.realm}"'}
+        else:
+            unauthorized_headers = {"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}
        invalid_user_credentials_exc = HTTPException(
-            status_code=HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail="Invalid authentication credentials"
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Invalid authentication credentials",
+            headers=unauthorized_headers,
        )
        if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "basic":
            if self.auto_error:
                raise HTTPException(
-                    status_code=HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail="Not authenticated"
+                    status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+                    detail="Not authenticated",
+                    headers=unauthorized_headers,
                )
            else:
                return None
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
        *,
        bearerFormat: str = None,
        scheme_name: str = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True
+        auto_error: bool = True,
    ):
        self.model = HTTPBearerModel(bearerFormat=bearerFormat)
        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
--- a/fastapi/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/utils.py
@@ -3,17 +3,12 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, List, Sequence, Set, Type

 from fastapi import routing
 from fastapi.openapi.constants import REF_PREFIX
-from pydantic import BaseConfig, BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel
 from pydantic.fields import Field
 from pydantic.schema import get_flat_models_from_fields, model_process_schema
 from starlette.routing import BaseRoute


-class UnconstrainedConfig(BaseConfig):
-    min_anystr_length = None
-    max_anystr_length = None
-
-
 def get_flat_models_from_routes(
    routes: Sequence[Type[BaseRoute]]
 ) -> Set[Type[BaseModel]]:
--- a/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/mkdocs.yml
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@ nav:
        - Handling Errors: 'tutorial/handling-errors.md'
        - Path Operation Configuration: 'tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md'
        - Path Operation Advanced Configuration: 'tutorial/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md'
+        - Additional Status Codes: 'tutorial/additional-status-codes.md'
        - Custom Response: 'tutorial/custom-response.md'
-        - Additional Responses: 'tutorial/additional-responses.md'
+        - Additional Responses in OpenAPI: 'tutorial/additional-responses.md'
        - Dependencies:
            - First Steps: 'tutorial/dependencies/first-steps.md'
            - Classes as Dependencies: 'tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md'
@@ -57,6 +58,9 @@ nav:
            - Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer: 'tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md'
            - OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens: 'tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md'
            - OAuth2 scopes: 'tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes.md'
+            - HTTP Basic Auth: 'tutorial/security/http-basic-auth.md'
+        - Middleware: 'tutorial/middleware.md'    
+        - CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing): 'tutorial/cors.md'    
        - Using the Request Directly: 'tutorial/using-request-directly.md'    
        - SQL (Relational) Databases: 'tutorial/sql-databases.md'
        - Async SQL (Relational) Databases: 'tutorial/async-sql-databases.md'
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ classifiers = [
 ]
 requires = [
    "starlette ==0.11.1",
-    "pydantic >=0.17,<=0.21.0"
+    "pydantic >=0.17,<=0.23.0"
 ]
 description-file = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.6"
--- a/scripts/deploy.sh
+++ b/scripts/deploy.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+bash scripts/publish.sh
+
+bash scripts/trigger-docker.sh
--- a/scripts/publish.sh
+++ b/scripts/publish.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+flit publish
--- a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
+++ b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from enum import Enum

 import pytest
 from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
-from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Schema, ValidationError


 class Person:
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ class ModelWithConfig(BaseModel):
        use_enum_values = True


+class ModelWithAlias(BaseModel):
+    foo: str = Schema(..., alias="Foo")
+
+
 def test_encode_class():
    person = Person(name="Foo")
    pet = Pet(owner=person, name="Firulais")
@@ -85,3 +89,13 @@ def test_encode_custom_json_encoders_model():
 def test_encode_model_with_config():
    model = ModelWithConfig(role=RoleEnum.admin)
    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == {"role": "admin"}
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_alias_raises():
+    with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+        model = ModelWithAlias(foo="Bar")
+
+
+def test_encode_model_with_alias():
+    model = ModelWithAlias(Foo="Bar")
+    assert jsonable_encoder(model) == {"Foo": "Bar"}
--- a/tests/test_security_http_basic_optional.py
+++ b/tests/test_security_http_basic_optional.py
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ def test_security_http_basic_invalid_credentials():
    response = client.get(
        "/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Basic notabase64token"}
    )
-    assert response.status_code == 403
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Basic"
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid authentication credentials"}


@@ -75,5 +76,6 @@ def test_security_http_basic_non_basic_credentials():
    payload = b64encode(b"johnsecret").decode("ascii")
    auth_header = f"Basic {payload}"
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
-    assert response.status_code == 403
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Basic"
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid authentication credentials"}
--- a/tests/test_security_http_basic_realm.py
+++ b/tests/test_security_http_basic_realm.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from starlette.testclient import TestClient

 app = FastAPI()

-security = HTTPBasic()
+security = HTTPBasic(realm="simple")


@app.get("/users/me")
@@ -56,15 +56,17 @@ def test_security_http_basic():

 def test_security_http_basic_no_credentials():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
-    assert response.status_code == 403
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == 'Basic realm="simple"'


 def test_security_http_basic_invalid_credentials():
    response = client.get(
        "/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Basic notabase64token"}
    )
-    assert response.status_code == 403
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == 'Basic realm="simple"'
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid authentication credentials"}


@@ -72,5 +74,6 @@ def test_security_http_basic_non_basic_credentials():
    payload = b64encode(b"johnsecret").decode("ascii")
    auth_header = f"Basic {payload}"
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
-    assert response.status_code == 403
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == 'Basic realm="simple"'
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid authentication credentials"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_additional_status_codes/init.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_additional_status_codes/init.py
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_additional_status_codes/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_additional_status_codes/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from additional_status_codes.tutorial001 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_update():
+    response = client.put("/items/foo", json={"name": "Wrestlers"})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "Wrestlers", "size": None}
+
+
+def test_create():
+    response = client.put("/items/red", json={"name": "Chillies"})
+    assert response.status_code == 201
+    assert response.json() == {"name": "Chillies", "size": None}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_configurations/test_tutorial005.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_path_operation_configurations/test_tutorial005.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ openapi_schema = {
                    },
                },
                "summary": "Create an item",
-                "description": "\n    Create an item with all the information:\n    \n    * name: each item must have a name\n    * description: a long description\n    * price: required\n    * tax: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this\n    * tags: a set of unique tag strings for this item\n    ",
+                "description": "Create an item with all the information:\n\n- **name**: each item must have a name\n- **description**: a long description\n- **price**: required\n- **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this\n- **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item",
                "operationId": "create_item_items__post",
                "requestBody": {
                    "content": {
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial002.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_request_files/test_tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+import os
+
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from request_files.tutorial002 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/files/": {
+            "post": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Create Files",
+                "operationId": "create_files_files__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_files"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/uploadfiles/": {
+            "post": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Create Upload Files",
+                "operationId": "create_upload_files_uploadfiles__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "multipart/form-data": {
+                            "schema": {
+                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Body_create_upload_files"
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+            }
+        },
+        "/": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+                "summary": "Main",
+                "operationId": "main__get",
+            }
+        },
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Body_create_files": {
+                "title": "Body_create_files",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "Body_create_upload_files": {
+                "title": "Body_create_upload_files",
+                "required": ["files"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "files": {
+                        "title": "Files",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string", "format": "binary"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+file_required = {
+    "detail": [
+        {
+            "loc": ["body", "files"],
+            "msg": "field required",
+            "type": "value_error.missing",
+        }
+    ]
+}
+
+
+def test_post_form_no_body():
+    response = client.post("/files/")
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == file_required
+
+
+def test_post_body_json():
+    response = client.post("/files/", json={"file": "Foo"})
+    print(response)
+    print(response.content)
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+    assert response.json() == file_required
+
+
+def test_post_files(tmpdir):
+    path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "test.txt")
+    with open(path, "wb") as file:
+        file.write(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = os.path.join(tmpdir, "test2.txt")
+    with open(path2, "wb") as file:
+        file.write(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.post(
+        "/files/",
+        files=(
+            ("files", ("test.txt", open(path, "rb"))),
+            ("files", ("test2.txt", open(path2, "rb"))),
+        ),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"file_sizes": [14, 15]}
+
+
+def test_post_upload_file(tmpdir):
+    path = os.path.join(tmpdir, "test.txt")
+    with open(path, "wb") as file:
+        file.write(b"<file content>")
+    path2 = os.path.join(tmpdir, "test2.txt")
+    with open(path2, "wb") as file:
+        file.write(b"<file content2>")
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.post(
+        "/uploadfiles/",
+        files=(
+            ("files", ("test.txt", open(path, "rb"))),
+            ("files", ("test2.txt", open(path2, "rb"))),
+        ),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"filenames": ["test.txt", "test2.txt"]}
+
+
+def test_get_root():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert b"<form" in response.content
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_security/test_tutorial006.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_security/test_tutorial006.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+from base64 import b64encode
+
+from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from security.tutorial006 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/users/me": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+                "summary": "Read Current User",
+                "operationId": "read_current_user_users_me_get",
+                "security": [{"HTTPBasic": []}],
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "securitySchemes": {"HTTPBasic": {"type": "http", "scheme": "basic"}}
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_security_http_basic():
+    auth = HTTPBasicAuth(username="john", password="secret")
+    response = client.get("/users/me", auth=auth)
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"username": "john", "password": "secret"}
+
+
+def test_security_http_basic_no_credentials():
+    response = client.get("/users/me")
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Basic"
+
+
+def test_security_http_basic_invalid_credentials():
+    response = client.get(
+        "/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Basic notabase64token"}
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Basic"
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid authentication credentials"}
+
+
+def test_security_http_basic_non_basic_credentials():
+    payload = b64encode(b"johnsecret").decode("ascii")
+    auth_header = f"Basic {payload}"
+    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": auth_header})
+    assert response.status_code == 401
+    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Basic"
+    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid authentication credentials"}
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Sebastián Ramírez	8880c4cb03	🔖 Release 0.18.0	2019-04-22 21:08:43 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	6324be684f	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-21 22:31:43 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	c705685394	✨ Add docs for HTTP Basic Auth and tests (#177 )	2019-04-21 22:30:58 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	945f401d8e	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-21 21:46:00 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	f216d340ec	✨ Add automatic header handling for HTTP Basic Auth (#175 ) * ✨ Add automatic header handling for HTTP Basic Auth * 🎨 Remove obsolete comment	2019-04-21 21:44:25 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a4558e7053	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-21 20:21:53 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	298f8478e2	🔒 Fix development dependencies security (#174 )	2019-04-21 20:20:25 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b86d163470	📝 Rename additional response OpenAPI declarations	2019-04-21 20:13:26 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9e2d37b89c	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-21 19:57:07 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	97adadd9e1	📝 Add docs for middleware (#173 )	2019-04-21 19:56:20 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	26e3dffb37	🚀 Deploy when tagged using Python 3.6	2019-04-20 22:16:07 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	aa7b4bd101	🔖 0.17.0	2019-04-20 22:12:55 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	ffc4c716c0	🚀 Make Flit publish from CI (#170 )	2019-04-20 22:09:35 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	ef7b6e8eaf	📝 Update Release Notes	2019-04-20 21:15:03 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	596243f4a5	✨ Add docs about CORS (#169 )	2019-04-20 21:13:01 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	766bf1c5aa	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-20 20:31:44 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9e748dbca4	✨ By default, encode by alias (#168 )	2019-04-20 20:29:54 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	cefe6cf92c	🔖 Release version 0.16.0	2019-04-16 23:28:13 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	be3953499f	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-16 23:27:25 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	546d233dec	♻️ Update Pydantic usage, types, values, minor structure changes (#164 )	2019-04-16 23:26:09 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	61dd36a945	✨ Upgrade docstring Markdown parsing (#163 ) * ✨ Upgrade docstring Markdown parsing * 📝 Update release notes	2019-04-16 22:49:18 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	27f9d55c3e	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-16 22:43:59 +04:00
euri10	906cc60f65	⬆️ Upgrade Pydantic to 0.23 (#160 ) * Add websocket to APIRouter * Upgrade pydantic to v0.23.0 * Forgot pyproject.toml * ⬆️ Upgrade some Pipfile.lock dependencies	2019-04-16 22:42:00 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	69afaf256f	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-16 22:21:32 +04:00
Daniel Michaels	4ab349a2a8	✏️ fixed small typo /tutorial/extra-models.md (#159 )	2019-04-16 22:20:03 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9c258107b4	📝 Update release notes	2019-04-16 22:18:42 +04:00
hayata-yamamoto	29a4f90bcd	📝 fix URL examples in Tutorial: Query Parameters (#157 ) * modify tutorial * modify item_id	2019-04-16 22:16:16 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	361fd00777	📝 Add note about Swagger UI and multi-part uploads	2019-04-14 22:24:31 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	4c3cf31730	🔖 Release 0.15.0, multi-file uploads	2019-04-14 22:14:20 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	aad6b123f7	✨ Add support for multi-file uploads (#158 )	2019-04-14 22:12:14 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	e40e87c662	📝 Use same link in benchmarks as in index	2019-04-12 22:56:09 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	84de980977	✨ Add docs about responses with additional status codes (#156 ) * ✨ Add docs about responses with additional status codes * 📝 Update docs, link to documenting additional responses	2019-04-12 22:43:21 +04:00