🔖 Release 0.21.0

📝 Update release notes
🔊 Raise from previous exception (#195 )
2025-12-24 14:48:35 -05:00 · 2019-05-15 14:54:46 +04:00 · 2019-05-15 14:53:43 +04:00 · 2019-05-15 14:50:58 +04:00 · 2019-05-15 14:45:04 +04:00 · 2019-05-15 14:44:00 +04:00
283 changed files with 9368 additions and 941 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+title: "[BUG]"
+labels: bug
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Describe the bug**
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**To Reproduce**
+Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+1. Create a file with '...'
+2. Add a path operation function with '....'
+3. Open the browser and call it with a payload of '....'
+4. See error
+
+**Expected behavior**
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
+
+**Screenshots**
+If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
+
+**Environment:**
+ - OS: [e.g. Linux / Windows / macOS]
+ - FastAPI Version [e.g. 0.3.0], get it with:
+
+```Python
+import fastapi
+print(fastapi.__version__)
+```
+
+- Python version, get it with:
+
+```bash
+python --version
+```
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context about the problem here.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+title: "[FEATURE]"
+labels: enhancement
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I want to be able to [...] but I can't because [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+name: Question
+about: Ask a question
+title: "[QUESTION]"
+labels: question
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+**Description**
+
+How can I [...]?
+
+Is it possible to [...]?
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -10,3 +10,5 @@ site
 .coverage
 coverage.xml
 .netlify
+test.db
+log.txt
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,17 +1,26 @@
+dist: xenial
+
 language: python

 cache: pip

 python:
    - "3.6"
-    - "3.7-dev"
+    - "3.7"

 install:
    - pip install flit
-    - flit install
+    - flit install --symlink

 script:
    - bash scripts/test.sh

 after_script:
    - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
+
+deploy:
+  provider: script
+  script: bash scripts/deploy.sh
+  on:
+    tags: true
+    python: "3.6"
--- a/7
+++ b/7
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@ ujson = "*"
 flake8 = "*"
 python-multipart = "*"
 sqlalchemy = "*"
+uvicorn = "*"

 [packages]
-starlette = "==0.10.1"
-pydantic = "==0.18.2"
+starlette = "==0.11.1"
+pydantic = "==0.25.0"
+databases = {extras = ["sqlite"],version = "*"}
+hypercorn = "*"

 [requires]
 python_version = "3.6"
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ b/Pipfile.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "37b34bb892b6b4dc0f7c941434d0e08199aa7a7ca83efb6294b89ace44168bba"
+            "sha256": "3366422de5c4cdc49b82ebef5fe9268c48c8582a444a4fa1ae304dcb2654c469"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
@@ -16,6 +16,37 @@
        ]
    },
    "default": {
+        "aiocontextvars": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:885daf8261818767d8f7cbd79f9d4482d118f024b6586ef6e67980236a27bfa3",
+                "sha256:f027372dc48641f683c559f247bd84962becaacdc9ba711d583c3871fb5652aa"
+            ],
+            "markers": "python_version < '3.7'",
+            "version": "==0.2.2"
+        },
+        "aiosqlite": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:ad84fbd7516ca7065d799504fc41d6845c938e5306d1b7dd960caaeda12e22a9"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.10.0"
+        },
+        "contextvars": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:f38c908aaa59c14335eeea12abea5f443646216c4e29380d7bf34d2018e2c39e"
+            ],
+            "markers": "python_version < '3.7'",
+            "version": "==2.4"
+        },
+        "databases": {
+            "extras": [
+                "sqlite"
+            ],
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:d365cff2035c5177ef5fd8c5abf6671da01189521da64848a01251c870daf48f"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==0.2.2"
+        },
        "dataclasses": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:454a69d788c7fda44efd71e259be79577822f5e3f53f029a22d08004e951dc9f",
@@ -24,20 +55,104 @@
            "markers": "python_version < '3.7'",
            "version": "==0.6"
        },
-        "pydantic": {
+        "h11": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:9f023811b6cefd203c5fd8fd15a4152f04e79e531b8f676ab1244dfe06ce8024",
-                "sha256:edbb08b561feda505374c0f25e4b54466a0a0c702ed6b2efaabdc3890d1a82e7"
+                "sha256:acca6a44cb52a32ab442b1779adf0875c443c689e9e028f8d831a3769f9c5208",
+                "sha256:f2b1ca39bfed357d1f19ac732913d5f9faa54a5062eca7d2ec3a916cfb7ae4c7"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.8.1"
+        },
+        "h2": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:c8f387e0e4878904d4978cd688a3195f6b169d49b1ffa572a3d347d7adc5e09f",
+                "sha256:fd07e865a3272ac6ef195d8904de92dc7b38dc28297ec39cfa22716b6d62e6eb"
+            ],
+            "version": "==3.1.0"
+        },
+        "hpack": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:0edd79eda27a53ba5be2dfabf3b15780928a0dff6eb0c60a3d6767720e970c89",
+                "sha256:8eec9c1f4bfae3408a3f30500261f7e6a65912dc138526ea054f9ad98892e9d2"
+            ],
+            "version": "==3.0.0"
+        },
+        "hypercorn": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:cfe7811a93ab7bc22c8a0d5514a2a7a512e812c1e4ee13b9731b705b79d4d453",
+                "sha256:f2577806223fa44d57d6f136b6c37a046794f961252699aec8afb15f35d226d5"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.18.2"
+            "version": "==0.5.4"
+        },
+        "hyperframe": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:5187962cb16dcc078f23cb5a4b110098d546c3f41ff2d4038a9896893bbd0b40",
+                "sha256:a9f5c17f2cc3c719b917c4f33ed1c61bd1f8dfac4b1bd23b7c80b3400971b41f"
+            ],
+            "version": "==5.2.0"
+        },
+        "immutables": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:10861f2a2b86139f0c91d5073392d76117f37e84f912dc47c943c23a64008cc7",
+                "sha256:3e23eeb4bc55d57b2a97bef4c1a2891bbb731050b4167c855545797d45e84e45",
+                "sha256:4373876879f147986808f71e6ca02380192a279e8b8d45832f6fed4e7f717562",
+                "sha256:46f9122da033fecf84d7f4c6257aec780f370b20f3ce6bc521702b63ee3d99f7",
+                "sha256:5104db6102e53702af45c6b0af36e45a80970123b11a80c14e0fce48444cdbe3",
+                "sha256:59274bcb631f4fdc9731e9a4a96d16d96b3a17e29fd5e46516518f38406f678f",
+                "sha256:65a9c624e50ca5c50464dbf432996b5c4f056a411bcff5690ef4cab59f913f99",
+                "sha256:b64e0672497b884d21170ca61c693da8488d77f043650efa7911378cbbad0f2c",
+                "sha256:b70655dba00742b033310933066a2202e1cfbbb0f63841b4597cd8787974b242",
+                "sha256:c3d8c238a6f9b60355578579563773348674b6da63c1a0d7394384ed341f3d41",
+                "sha256:cd66bcd11b6a1c1a80fb8d90e25870ff2d5c705ab5eb9666355a33d3fef6ac70",
+                "sha256:d59310fc4f97c1ff8c3660cb98032db266ac0c285a86ca7a512e8e84a95f44c9",
+                "sha256:d71d1c822498646143270580dd6f743bb31ab89ae0ded8b2307c356d3a00f1c0",
+                "sha256:f53da698b42db83cfb1f5073560838051430798c8d8e34a57a27031edbc3041d",
+                "sha256:f958ba15745e30d3a38e3c9fcead8496037135bb21c78c0f925c104abba3a6fa",
+                "sha256:ff95e2aa618eed1a0ef4479938f18f3522c89562b9bbb59d677597c0337569dd"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.9"
+        },
+        "pydantic": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:2203e01c1d87a3d964aa0db56efdb1b89a90eca610ab3f0ddea396e2a5fa4cc4",
+                "sha256:ac207906e78b1cafbbff6d57b0ce51b989cf5361d2487013f0b353f3bb3b8442"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==0.25.0"
+        },
+        "pytoml": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:ca2d0cb127c938b8b76a9a0d0f855cf930c1d50cc3a0af6d3595b566519a1013"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.1.20"
+        },
+        "sqlalchemy": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:91c54ca8345008fceaec987e10924bf07dcab36c442925357e5a467b36a38319"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.3.3"
        },
        "starlette": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7cc05c33d00db3b2ddfd7516a737544ed0a34c9dd0ced94076f29b581ce4f532"
+                "sha256:9d48b35d1fc7521d59ae53c421297ab3878d3c7cd4b75266d77f6c73cccb78bb"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.10.1"
+            "version": "==0.11.1"
+        },
+        "typing-extensions": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:07b2c978670896022a43c4b915df8958bec4a6b84add7f2c87b2b728bda3ba64",
+                "sha256:f3f0e67e1d42de47b5c67c32c9b26641642e9170fe7e292991793705cd5fef7c",
+                "sha256:fb2cd053238d33a8ec939190f30cfd736c00653a85a2919415cecf7dc3d9da71"
+            ],
+            "version": "==3.7.2"
+        },
+        "wsproto": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:55c3da870460e8838b2fbe4d10f3accc0cea3a13d5e8dbbdc6da5d537d6d44dc",
+                "sha256:c7f35e0af250b9f25583b090039eb2159a079fbe71b7daf86cc3ddcd2f3a70b3"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.14.0"
        }
    },
    "develop": {
@@ -57,17 +172,17 @@
        },
        "attrs": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:10cbf6e27dbce8c30807caf056c8eb50917e0eaafe86347671b57254006c3e69",
-                "sha256:ca4be454458f9dec299268d472aaa5a11f67a4ff70093396e1ceae9c76cf4bbb"
+                "sha256:69c0dbf2ed392de1cb5ec704444b08a5ef81680a61cb899dc08127123af36a79",
+                "sha256:f0b870f674851ecbfbbbd364d6b5cbdff9dcedbc7f3f5e18a6891057f21fe399"
            ],
-            "version": "==18.2.0"
+            "version": "==19.1.0"
        },
        "autoflake": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c103e63466f11db3617167a2c68ff6a0cda35b940222920631c6eeec6b67e807"
+                "sha256:6b59e5b9b82e30077499578856282debb81186d10b4f899e8c2e1d616cdef973"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.2"
+            "version": "==1.3"
        },
        "backcall": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -86,11 +201,11 @@
        },
        "black": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:817243426042db1d36617910df579a54f1afd659adb96fc5032fcf4b36209739",
-                "sha256:e030a9a28f542debc08acceb273f228ac422798e5215ba2a791a6ddeaaca22a5"
+                "sha256:09a9dcb7c46ed496a9850b76e4e825d6049ecd38b611f1224857a79bd985a8cf",
+                "sha256:68950ffd4d9169716bcb8719a56c07a2f4485354fec061cdd5910aa07369731c"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==18.9b0"
+            "version": "==19.3b0"
        },
        "bleach": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -101,10 +216,10 @@
        },
        "certifi": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:47f9c83ef4c0c621eaef743f133f09fa8a74a9b75f037e8624f83bd1b6626cb7",
-                "sha256:993f830721089fef441cdfeb4b2c8c9df86f0c63239f06bd025a76a7daddb033"
+                "sha256:59b7658e26ca9c7339e00f8f4636cdfe59d34fa37b9b04f6f9e9926b3cece1a5",
+                "sha256:b26104d6835d1f5e49452a26eb2ff87fe7090b89dfcaee5ea2212697e1e1d7ae"
            ],
-            "version": "==2018.11.29"
+            "version": "==2019.3.9"
        },
        "chardet": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -122,51 +237,49 @@
        },
        "coverage": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:029c69deaeeeae1b15bc6c59f0ffa28aa8473721c614a23f2c2976dec245cd12",
-                "sha256:02abbbebc6e9d5abe13cd28b5e963dedb6ffb51c146c916d17b18f141acd9947",
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-                "sha256:fd0f6be53de40683584e5331c341e65a679dbe5ec489a0697cec7c2ef1a48cda"
+                "sha256:0402b1822d513d0231589494bceddb067d20581f5083598c451b56c684b0e5d6",
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+                "sha256:d7e0cdc249aa0f94aa2e531b03999ddaf03a10b4fa090a894712d4c8066abd89",
+                "sha256:e9ee8fcd8e067fcc5d7276d46e07e863102b70a52545ef4254df1ff0893ce75f",
+                "sha256:eb313c23d983b7810504f42104e8dcd1c7ccdda8fbaab82aab92ab79fea19345",
+                "sha256:f9cfd478654b509941b85ed70f870f5e3c74678f566bec12fd26545e5340ba47",
+                "sha256:fae1fa144034d021a52cb9ea200eb8dedf91869c6df8202ad5d149b41ed91cc8"
            ],
-            "version": "==5.0a4"
+            "version": "==5.0a5"
        },
        "decorator": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:33cd704aea07b4c28b3eb2c97d288a06918275dac0ecebdaf1bc8a48d98adb9e",
-                "sha256:cabb249f4710888a2fc0e13e9a16c343d932033718ff62e1e9bc93a9d3a9122b"
+                "sha256:86156361c50488b84a3f148056ea716ca587df2f0de1d34750d35c21312725de",
+                "sha256:f069f3a01830ca754ba5258fde2278454a0b5b79e0d7f5c13b3b97e57d4acff6"
            ],
-            "version": "==4.3.2"
+            "version": "==4.4.0"
        },
        "defusedxml": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:24d7f2f94f7f3cb6061acb215685e5125fbcdc40a857eff9de22518820b0a4f4",
-                "sha256:702a91ade2968a82beb0db1e0766a6a273f33d4616a6ce8cde475d8e09853b20"
+                "sha256:6687150770438374ab581bb7a1b327a847dd9c5749e396102de3fad4e8a3ef93",
+                "sha256:f684034d135af4c6cbb949b8a4d2ed61634515257a67299e5f940fbaa34377f5"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.5.0"
+            "version": "==0.6.0"
        },
        "dnspython": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -185,10 +298,10 @@
        },
        "email-validator": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:ddc4b5b59fa699bb10127adcf7ad4de78fde4ec539a072b104b8bb16da666ae5"
+                "sha256:79966e318d6d68fed359c90f8f19d242bcc178b724011f1c07145bd093da6cc7"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.0.3"
+            "version": "==1.0.4"
        },
        "entrypoints": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -199,11 +312,11 @@
        },
        "flake8": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c3ba1e130c813191db95c431a18cb4d20a468e98af7a77e2181b68574481ad36",
-                "sha256:fd9ddf503110bf3d8b1d270e8c673aab29ccb3dd6abf29bae1f54e5116ab4a91"
+                "sha256:859996073f341f2670741b51ec1e67a01da142831aa1fdc6242dbf88dffbe661",
+                "sha256:a796a115208f5c03b18f332f7c11729812c8c3ded6c46319c59b53efd3819da8"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.7.5"
+            "version": "==3.7.7"
        },
        "flit": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -213,6 +326,19 @@
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==1.3"
        },
+        "h11": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:acca6a44cb52a32ab442b1779adf0875c443c689e9e028f8d831a3769f9c5208",
+                "sha256:f2b1ca39bfed357d1f19ac732913d5f9faa54a5062eca7d2ec3a916cfb7ae4c7"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.8.1"
+        },
+        "httptools": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:e00cbd7ba01ff748e494248183abc6e153f49181169d8a3d41bb49132ca01dfc"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.0.13"
+        },
        "idna": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:c357b3f628cf53ae2c4c05627ecc484553142ca23264e593d327bcde5e9c3407",
@@ -229,11 +355,11 @@
        },
        "ipython": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:6a9496209b76463f1dec126ab928919aaf1f55b38beb9219af3fe202f6bbdd12",
-                "sha256:f69932b1e806b38a7818d9a1e918e5821b685715040b48e59c657b3c7961b742"
+                "sha256:54c5a8aa1eadd269ac210b96923688ccf01ebb2d0f21c18c3c717909583579a8",
+                "sha256:e840810029224b56cd0d9e7719dc3b39cf84d577f8ac686547c8ba7a06eeab26"
            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.3'",
-            "version": "==7.2.0"
+            "version": "==7.5.0"
        },
        "ipython-genutils": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -251,33 +377,32 @@
        },
        "isort": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1153601da39a25b14ddc54955dbbacbb6b2d19135386699e2ad58517953b34af",
-                "sha256:b9c40e9750f3d77e6e4d441d8b0266cf555e7cdabdcff33c4fd06366ca761ef8",
-                "sha256:ec9ef8f4a9bc6f71eec99e1806bfa2de401650d996c59330782b89a5555c1497"
+                "sha256:49293e2ff590cc8d48bc1f51970548b5b102bf038439ca1af77f352164725628",
+                "sha256:ba69a4be8474be11720636bc2f0cf66f7054d417d4c1dbc1dfe504bb8e739541"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.3.4"
+            "version": "==4.3.19"
        },
        "jedi": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:571702b5bd167911fe9036e5039ba67f820d6502832285cde8c881ab2b2149fd",
-                "sha256:c8481b5e59d34a5c7c42e98f6625e633f6ef59353abea6437472c7ec2093f191"
+                "sha256:2bb0603e3506f708e792c7f4ad8fc2a7a9d9c2d292a358fbbd58da531695595b",
+                "sha256:2c6bcd9545c7d6440951b12b44d373479bf18123a401a52025cf98563fbd826c"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.13.2"
+            "version": "==0.13.3"
        },
        "jinja2": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:74c935a1b8bb9a3947c50a54766a969d4846290e1e788ea44c1392163723c3bd",
-                "sha256:f84be1bb0040caca4cea721fcbbbbd61f9be9464ca236387158b0feea01914a4"
+                "sha256:065c4f02ebe7f7cf559e49ee5a95fb800a9e4528727aec6f24402a5374c65013",
+                "sha256:14dd6caf1527abb21f08f86c784eac40853ba93edb79552aa1e4b8aef1b61c7b"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.10"
+            "version": "==2.10.1"
        },
        "jsonschema": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:683fe7ed58763ea0be572de5aad47cd3cc1297640916f9a8ccd222b287da7d2f",
-                "sha256:b42d7a292addb57370e6260bcbadb77e00a899fe6ec998c453f45893c41c658b"
+                "sha256:0c0a81564f181de3212efa2d17de1910f8732fa1b71c42266d983cd74304e20d",
+                "sha256:a5f6559964a3851f59040d3b961de5e68e70971afb88ba519d27e6a039efff1a"
            ],
-            "version": "==3.0.0b3"
+            "version": "==3.0.1"
        },
        "jupyter": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -311,17 +436,17 @@
        },
        "livereload": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:29cadfabcedd12eed792e0131991235b9d4764d4474bed75cf525f57109ec0a2",
-                "sha256:e632a6cd1d349155c1d7f13a65be873b38f43ef02961804a1bba8d817fa649a7"
+                "sha256:78d55f2c268a8823ba499305dcac64e28ddeb9a92571e12d543cd304faf5817b",
+                "sha256:89254f78d7529d7ea0a3417d224c34287ebfe266b05e67e51facaf82c27f0f66"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.6.0"
+            "version": "==2.6.1"
        },
        "markdown": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:c00429bd503a47ec88d5e30a751e147dcb4c6889663cd3e2ba0afe858e009baa",
-                "sha256:d02e0f9b04c500cde6637c11ad7c72671f359b87b9fe924b2383649d8841db7c"
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+                "sha256:fe463ff51e679377e3624984c829022e2cfb3be5518726b06f608a07a3aad680"
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-            "version": "==3.0.1"
+            "version": "==3.1"
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        "markdown-include": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -332,36 +457,36 @@
        },
        "markupsafe": {
            "hashes": [
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-            "version": "==1.1.0"
+            "version": "==1.1.1"
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        "mccabe": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -387,26 +512,36 @@
        },
        "mkdocs-material": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:4b4af83c704d2bab41be3a5228e800a5e1157003368fbf548d95073ce19e0f61",
-                "sha256:86c0042c803586985bf79c99962ebd4644c3f0ff095d5df541f09fa48f5b62cc"
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            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==3.3.0"
+            "version": "==4.2.0"
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        "more-itertools": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0125e8f60e9e031347105eb1682cef932f5e97d7b9a1a28d9bf00c22a5daef40",
-                "sha256:590044e3942351a1bdb1de960b739ff4ce277960f2425ad4509446dbace8d9d1"
+                "sha256:2112d2ca570bb7c3e53ea1a35cd5df42bb0fd10c45f0fb97178679c3c03d64c7",
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            ],
-            "version": "==6.0.0"
+            "markers": "python_version > '2.7'",
+            "version": "==7.0.0"
        },
        "mypy": {
            "hashes": [
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-                "sha256:e80fd6af34614a0e898a57f14296d0dacb584648f0339c2e000ddbf0f4cc2f8d"
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+                "sha256:c46ab3438bd21511db0f2c612d89d8344154c0c9494afc7fbc932de514cf8d15",
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            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==0.670"
+            "version": "==0.701"
        },
        "mypy-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -417,10 +552,10 @@
        },
        "nbconvert": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:302554a2e219bc0fc84f3edd3e79953f3767b46ab67626fdec16e38ba3f7efe4",
-                "sha256:5de8fb2284422272a1d45abc77c07b888127550a6d602ce619592a2b08a474ff"
+                "sha256:138381baa41d83584459b5cfecfc38c800ccf1f37d9ddd0bd440783346a4c39c",
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            ],
-            "version": "==5.4.1"
+            "version": "==5.5.0"
        },
        "nbformat": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -431,10 +566,10 @@
        },
        "notebook": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:3ab2db8bc10e6edbd264c3c4b800bee276c99818386ee0c146d98d7e6bcf0a67",
-                "sha256:d908673a4010787625c8952e91a22adf737db031f2aa0793ad92f6558918a74a"
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-            "version": "==5.7.4"
+            "version": "==5.7.8"
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        "pandocfilters": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -444,18 +579,18 @@
        },
        "parso": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:6ecf7244be8e7283ec9009c72d074830e7e0e611c974f813d76db0390a4e0dd6",
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+            "version": "==0.4.0"
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        "pexpect": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:2a8e88259839571d1251d278476f3eec5db26deb73a70be5ed5dc5435e418aba",
-                "sha256:3fbd41d4caf27fa4a377bfd16fef87271099463e6fa73e92a52f92dfee5d425b"
+                "sha256:2094eefdfcf37a1fdbfb9aa090862c1a4878e5c7e0e7e7088bdb511c558e5cd1",
+                "sha256:9e2c1fd0e6ee3a49b28f95d4b33bc389c89b20af6a1255906e90ff1262ce62eb"
            ],
            "markers": "sys_platform != 'win32'",
-            "version": "==4.6.0"
+            "version": "==4.7.0"
        },
        "pickleshare": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -466,24 +601,24 @@
        },
        "pluggy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:8ddc32f03971bfdf900a81961a48ccf2fb677cf7715108f85295c67405798616",
-                "sha256:980710797ff6a041e9a73a5787804f848996ecaa6f8a1b1e08224a5894f2074a"
+                "sha256:25a1bc1d148c9a640211872b4ff859878d422bccb59c9965e04eed468a0aa180",
+                "sha256:964cedd2b27c492fbf0b7f58b3284a09cf7f99b0f715941fb24a439b3af1bd1a"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.8.1"
+            "version": "==0.11.0"
        },
        "prometheus-client": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:e8c11ff5ca53de6c3d91e1510500611cafd1d247a937ec6c588a0a7cc3bef93c"
+                "sha256:1b38b958750f66f208bcd9ab92a633c0c994d8859c831f7abc1f46724fcee490"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.5.0"
+            "version": "==0.6.0"
        },
        "prompt-toolkit": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:88002cc618cacfda8760c4539e76c3b3f148ecdb7035a3d422c7ecdc90c2a3ba",
-                "sha256:c6655a12e9b08edb8cf5aeab4815fd1e1bdea4ad73d3bbf269cf2e0c4eb75d5e",
-                "sha256:df5835fb8f417aa55e5cafadbaeb0cf630a1e824aad16989f9f0493e679ec010"
+                "sha256:11adf3389a996a6d45cc277580d0d53e8a5afd281d0c9ec71b28e6f121463780",
+                "sha256:2519ad1d8038fd5fc8e770362237ad0364d16a7650fb5724af6997ed5515e3c1",
+                "sha256:977c6583ae813a37dc1c2e1b715892461fcbdaa57f6fc62f33a528c4886c8f55"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.0.8"
+            "version": "==2.0.9"
        },
        "ptyprocess": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -495,10 +630,10 @@
        },
        "py": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:bf92637198836372b520efcba9e020c330123be8ce527e535d185ed4b6f45694",
-                "sha256:e76826342cefe3c3d5f7e8ee4316b80d1dd8a300781612ddbc765c17ba25a6c6"
+                "sha256:64f65755aee5b381cea27766a3a147c3f15b9b6b9ac88676de66ba2ae36793fa",
+                "sha256:dc639b046a6e2cff5bbe40194ad65936d6ba360b52b3c3fe1d08a82dd50b5e53"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.7.0"
+            "version": "==1.8.0"
        },
        "pycodestyle": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -509,17 +644,17 @@
        },
        "pyflakes": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:5e8c00e30c464c99e0b501dc160b13a14af7f27d4dffb529c556e30a159e231d",
-                "sha256:f277f9ca3e55de669fba45b7393a1449009cff5a37d1af10ebb76c52765269cd"
+                "sha256:17dbeb2e3f4d772725c777fabc446d5634d1038f234e77343108ce445ea69ce0",
+                "sha256:d976835886f8c5b31d47970ed689944a0262b5f3afa00a5a7b4dc81e5449f8a2"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.1.0"
+            "version": "==2.1.1"
        },
        "pygments": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:5ffada19f6203563680669ee7f53b64dabbeb100eb51b61996085e99c03b284a",
-                "sha256:e8218dd399a61674745138520d0d4cf2621d7e032439341bc3f647bff125818d"
+                "sha256:31cba6ffb739f099a85e243eff8cb717089fdd3c7300767d9fc34cb8e1b065f5",
+                "sha256:5ad302949b3c98dd73f8d9fcdc7e9cb592f120e32a18e23efd7f3dc51194472b"
            ],
-            "version": "==2.3.1"
+            "version": "==2.4.0"
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        "pymdown-extensions": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -530,25 +665,25 @@
        },
        "pyrsistent": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:07f7ae71291af8b0dbad8c2ab630d8223e4a8c4e10fc37badda158c02e753acf"
+                "sha256:16692ee739d42cf5e39cef8d27649a8c1fdb7aa99887098f1460057c5eb75c3a"
            ],
-            "version": "==0.14.10"
+            "version": "==0.15.2"
        },
        "pytest": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:65aeaa77ae87c7fc95de56285282546cfa9c886dc8e5dc78313db1c25e21bc07",
-                "sha256:6ac6d467d9f053e95aaacd79f831dbecfe730f419c6c7022cb316b365cd9199d"
+                "sha256:1a8aa4fa958f8f451ac5441f3ac130d9fc86ea38780dd2715e6d5c5882700b24",
+                "sha256:b8bf138592384bd4e87338cb0f256bf5f615398a649d4bd83915f0e4047a5ca6"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.2.0"
+            "version": "==4.5.0"
        },
        "pytest-cov": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:0ab664b25c6aa9716cbf203b17ddb301932383046082c081b9848a0edf5add33",
-                "sha256:230ef817450ab0699c6cc3c9c8f7a829c34674456f2ed8df1fe1d39780f7c87f"
+                "sha256:2b097cde81a302e1047331b48cadacf23577e431b61e9c6f49a1170bbe3d3da6",
+                "sha256:e00ea4fdde970725482f1f35630d12f074e121a23801aabf2ae154ec6bdd343a"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==2.6.1"
+            "version": "==2.7.1"
        },
        "python-dateutil": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -572,50 +707,56 @@
        },
        "pyyaml": {
            "hashes": [
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+                "sha256:9372b04a02080752d9e6f990179a4ab840227c6e2ce15b95e1278456664cf2ba",
+                "sha256:a5dcbebee834eaddf3fa7366316b880ff4062e4bcc9787b78c7fbb4a26ff2dd1",
+                "sha256:aee5bab92a176e7cd034e57f46e9df9a9862a71f8f37cad167c6fc74c65f5b4e",
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+                "sha256:c68ea4d3ba1705da1e0d85da6684ac657912679a649e8868bd850d2c299cce13",
+                "sha256:e23d0cc5299223dcc37885dae624f382297717e459ea24053709675a976a3e19"
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-            "version": "==4.2b4"
+            "version": "==5.1"
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        "pyzmq": {
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+                "sha256:e926d66f0df8fdbf03ba20583af0f215e475c667fb033d45fd031c66c63e34c9",
+                "sha256:efc3bd48237f973a749f7312f68062f1b4ca5c2032a0673ca3ea8e46aa77187b",
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-            "version": "==17.1.2"
+            "version": "==18.0.1"
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        "qtconsole": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1ac4a65e81a27b0838330a6d351c2f8435d4013d98a95373e8a41119b2968390",
-                "sha256:bc1ba15f50c29ed50f1268ad823bb6543be263c18dd093b80495e9df63b003ac"
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            ],
-            "version": "==4.4.3"
+            "version": "==4.4.4"
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        "requests": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -641,17 +782,16 @@
        },
        "sqlalchemy": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:7dede29f121071da9873e7b8c98091874617858e790dc364ffaab4b09d81216c"
+                "sha256:91c54ca8345008fceaec987e10924bf07dcab36c442925357e5a467b36a38319"
            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==1.3.0b3"
+            "version": "==1.3.3"
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            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:55abf9ade563b8f9be1f34e4233c7b7bde726059947a593322e8a553cc4c067a",
-                "sha256:65011551baff97f5414c67018e908110693143cfbaeb16831b743fe7cad8b927"
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-            "version": "==0.8.1"
+            "version": "==0.8.2"
        },
        "testpath": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -669,9 +809,15 @@
        },
        "tornado": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:d3b719a0cb7094e2b1ca94b31f4b601639fa7ad01a548a1a2ccdd6cbdfd56671"
+                "sha256:1174dcb84d08887b55defb2cda1986faeeea715fff189ef3dc44cce99f5fca6b",
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+                "sha256:457fcbee4df737d2defc181b9073758d73f54a6cfc1f280533ff48831b39f4a8",
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-            "version": "==6.0b1"
+            "version": "==6.0.2"
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        "traitlets": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -682,27 +828,27 @@
        },
        "typed-ast": {
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+                "sha256:4304b2218b842d610aa1a1d87e1dc9559597969acc62ce717ee4dfeaa44d7eee",
+                "sha256:4983ede548ffc3541bae49a82675996497348e55bafd1554dc4e4a5d6eda541a",
+                "sha256:5315f4509c1476718a4825f45a203b82d7fdf2a6f5f0c8f166435975b1c9f7d4",
+                "sha256:6cdfb1b49d5345f7c2b90d638822d16ba62dc82f7616e9b4caa10b72f3f16649",
+                "sha256:7b325f12635598c604690efd7a0197d0b94b7d7778498e76e0710cd582fd1c7a",
+                "sha256:8d3b0e3b8626615826f9a626548057c5275a9733512b137984a68ba1598d3d2f",
+                "sha256:8f8631160c79f53081bd23446525db0bc4c5616f78d04021e6e434b286493fd7",
+                "sha256:912de10965f3dc89da23936f1cc4ed60764f712e5fa603a09dd904f88c996760",
+                "sha256:b010c07b975fe853c65d7bbe9d4ac62f1c69086750a574f6292597763781ba18",
+                "sha256:c908c10505904c48081a5415a1e295d8403e353e0c14c42b6d67f8f97fae6616",
+                "sha256:c94dd3807c0c0610f7c76f078119f4ea48235a953512752b9175f9f98f5ae2bd",
+                "sha256:ce65dee7594a84c466e79d7fb7d3303e7295d16a83c22c7c4037071b059e2c21",
+                "sha256:eaa9cfcb221a8a4c2889be6f93da141ac777eb8819f077e1d09fb12d00a09a93",
+                "sha256:f3376bc31bad66d46d44b4e6522c5c21976bf9bca4ef5987bb2bf727f4506cbb",
+                "sha256:f9202fa138544e13a4ec1a6792c35834250a85958fde1251b6a22e07d1260ae7"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.3.1"
+            "version": "==1.3.5"
        },
        "ujson": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -713,10 +859,32 @@
        },
        "urllib3": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:61bf29cada3fc2fbefad4fdf059ea4bd1b4a86d2b6d15e1c7c0b582b9752fe39",
-                "sha256:de9529817c93f27c8ccbfead6985011db27bd0ddfcdb2d86f3f663385c6a9c22"
+                "sha256:2393a695cd12afedd0dcb26fe5d50d0cf248e5a66f75dbd89a3d4eb333a61af4",
+                "sha256:a637e5fae88995b256e3409dc4d52c2e2e0ba32c42a6365fee8bbd2238de3cfb"
            ],
-            "version": "==1.24.1"
+            "version": "==1.24.3"
+        },
+        "uvicorn": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:c10da7a54a6552279870900c881a2f1726314e2dd6270d4d3f9251683c643783"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==0.7.1"
+        },
+        "uvloop": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:0fcd894f6fc3226a962ee7ad895c4f52e3f5c3c55098e21efb17c071849a0573",
+                "sha256:2f31de1742c059c96cb76b91c5275b22b22b965c886ee1fced093fa27dde9e64",
+                "sha256:459e4649fcd5ff719523de33964aa284898e55df62761e7773d088823ccbd3e0",
+                "sha256:67867aafd6e0bc2c30a079603a85d83b94f23c5593b3cc08ec7e58ac18bf48e5",
+                "sha256:8c200457e6847f28d8bb91c5e5039d301716f5f2fce25646f5fb3fd65eda4a26",
+                "sha256:958906b9ca39eb158414fbb7d6b8ef1b7aee4db5c8e8e5d00fcbb69a1ce9dca7",
+                "sha256:ac1dca3d8f3ef52806059e81042ee397ac939e5a86c8a3cea55d6b087db66115",
+                "sha256:b284c22d8938866318e3b9d178142b8be316c52d16fcfe1560685a686718a021",
+                "sha256:c48692bf4587ce281d641087658eca275a5ad3b63c78297bbded96570ae9ce8f",
+                "sha256:fefc3b2b947c99737c348887db2c32e539160dcbeb7af9aa6b53db7a283538fe"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.12.2"
        },
        "wcwidth": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -732,6 +900,32 @@
            ],
            "version": "==0.5.1"
        },
+        "websockets": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:04b42a1b57096ffa5627d6a78ea1ff7fad3bc2c0331ffc17bc32a4024da7fea0",
+                "sha256:08e3c3e0535befa4f0c4443824496c03ecc25062debbcf895874f8a0b4c97c9f",
+                "sha256:10d89d4326045bf5e15e83e9867c85d686b612822e4d8f149cf4840aab5f46e0",
+                "sha256:232fac8a1978fc1dead4b1c2fa27c7756750fb393eb4ac52f6bc87ba7242b2fa",
+                "sha256:4bf4c8097440eff22bc78ec76fe2a865a6e658b6977a504679aaf08f02c121da",
+                "sha256:51642ea3a00772d1e48fb0c492f0d3ae3b6474f34d20eca005a83f8c9c06c561",
+                "sha256:55d86102282a636e195dad68aaaf85b81d0bef449d7e2ef2ff79ac450bb25d53",
+                "sha256:564d2675682bd497b59907d2205031acbf7d3fadf8c763b689b9ede20300b215",
+                "sha256:5d13bf5197a92149dc0badcc2b699267ff65a867029f465accfca8abab95f412",
+                "sha256:5eda665f6789edb9b57b57a159b9c55482cbe5b046d7db458948370554b16439",
+                "sha256:5edb2524d4032be4564c65dc4f9d01e79fe8fad5f966e5b552f4e5164fef0885",
+                "sha256:79691794288bc51e2a3b8de2bc0272ca8355d0b8503077ea57c0716e840ebaef",
+                "sha256:7fcc8681e9981b9b511cdee7c580d5b005f3bb86b65bde2188e04a29f1d63317",
+                "sha256:8e447e05ec88b1b408a4c9cde85aa6f4b04f06aa874b9f0b8e8319faf51b1fee",
+                "sha256:90ea6b3e7787620bb295a4ae050d2811c807d65b1486749414f78cfd6fb61489",
+                "sha256:9e13239952694b8b831088431d15f771beace10edfcf9ef230cefea14f18508f",
+                "sha256:d40f081187f7b54d7a99d8a5c782eaa4edc335a057aa54c85059272ed826dc09",
+                "sha256:e1df1a58ed2468c7b7ce9a2f9752a32ad08eac2bcd56318625c3647c2cd2da6f",
+                "sha256:e98d0cec437097f09c7834a11c69d79fe6241729b23f656cfc227e93294fc242",
+                "sha256:f8d59627702d2ff27cb495ca1abdea8bd8d581de425c56e93bff6517134e0a9b",
+                "sha256:fc30cdf2e949a2225b012a7911d1d031df3d23e99b7eda7dfc982dc4a860dae9"
+            ],
+            "version": "==7.0"
+        },
        "widgetsnbextension": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:14b2c65f9940c9a7d3b70adbe713dbd38b5ec69724eebaba034d1036cf3d4740",
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal-vector.svg" alt='FastAPI'></a>
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
 </p>
 <p align="center">
    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
    <img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/fastapi.svg" alt="Package version">
 </a>
+<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
+</a>
 </p>

 ---
@@ -31,15 +34,37 @@ The key features are:
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).

 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300% *.
-* **Less bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
-* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Less bugs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
 * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.

 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>

+## Opinions
+
+"*[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+
+

 ## Requirements

@@ -57,7 +82,7 @@ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 $ pip install fastapi
 ```

-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">uvicorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.

 ```bash
 $ pip install uvicorn
@@ -116,17 +141,17 @@ If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fast
 Run the server with:

 ```bash
-uvicorn main:app --debug
+uvicorn main:app --reload
 ```

 <details markdown="1">
-<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --debug</code>...</summary>
+<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>

 The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:

 * `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
 * `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
-* `--debug`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
+* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.

 </details>

@@ -195,11 +220,11 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
-def create_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
 ```

-The server should reload automatically (because you added `--debug` to the `uvicorn` command above).
+The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).

 ### Interactive API docs upgrade

@@ -344,7 +369,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa

 ## Performance

-Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)

 To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.

--- a/docs/alternatives.md
+++ b/docs/alternatives.md
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work i

 ### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0/" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>

-One of the main features needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, convertion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.
+One of the main features needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.

 Another big feature needed by APIs is data validation, making sure that the data is valid, given certain parameters. For example, that some field is an `int`, and not some random string. This is especially useful for incoming data.

@@ -236,6 +236,19 @@ It was one of the first extremely fast Python frameworks based on `asyncio`. It
    
    That's why **FastAPI** is based on Starlette, as it is the fastest framework available (tested by third-party benchmarks).

+### <a href="https://falconframework.org/" target="_blank">Falcon</a>
+
+Falcon is another high performance Python framework, it is designed to be minimal, and work as the foundation of other frameworks like Hug.
+
+It uses the previous standard for Python web frameworks (WSGI) which is synchronous, so it can't handle Websockets and other use cases. Nevertheless, it also has a very good performance.
+
+It is designed to have functions that receive two parameters, one "request" and one "response". Then you "read" parts from the request, and "write" parts to the response. Because of this design, it is not possible to declare request parameters and bodies with standard Python type hints as function parameters.
+
+So, data validation, serialization, and documentation, have to be done in code, not automatically. Or they have to be implemented as a framework on top of Falcon, like Hug. This same distinction happens in other frameworks that are inspired by Falcon's design, of having one request object and one response object as parameters.
+
+!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
+    Find ways to get great performance.
+
 ### <a href="https://moltenframework.com/" target="_blank">Molten</a>

 I discovered Molten in the first stages of building **FastAPI**. And it has quite similar ideas:
@@ -257,11 +270,34 @@ Routes are declared in a single place, using functions declared in other places

    This actually inspired updating parts of Pydantic, to support the same validation declaration style (all this functionality is now already available in Pydantic).

+### <a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a>
+
+Hug was one of the first frameworks to implement the declaration of API parameter types using Python type hints. This was a great idea that inspired other tools to do the same.
+
+It used custom types in its declarations instead of standard Python types, but it was still a huge step forward.
+
+It also was one of the first frameworks to generate a custom schema declaring the whole API in JSON.
+
+It was not based on a standard like OpenAPI and JSON Schema. So it wouldn't be straightforward to integrate it with other tools, like Swagger UI. But again, it was a very innovative idea.
+
+It has an interesting, uncommon feature: using the same framework, it's possible to create APIs and also CLIs.
+
+As it is based on the previous standard for synchronous Python web frameworks (WSGI), it can't handle Websockets and other things, although it still has high performance too.
+
+!!! info
+    Hug was created by Timothy Crosley, the same creator of <a href="https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort" target="_blank">`isort`</a>, a great tool to automatically sort imports in Python files.
+
+!!! check "Ideas inspired in **FastAPI**"
+    Hug inspired parts of APIStar, and was one of the tools I found most promising, alongside APIStar.
+
+    Hug helped inspiring **FastAPI** to use Python type hints to declare parameters, and to generate a schema defining the API automatically.
+
+
 ### <a href="https://github.com/encode/apistar" target="_blank">APIStar</a> (<= 0.5)

 Right before deciding to build **FastAPI** I found **APIStar** server. It had almost everything I was looking for and had a great design.

-It was actually the first implementation of a framework using Python type hints to declare parameters and requests that I ever saw (before NestJS and Molten).
+It was one of the first implementations of a framework using Python type hints to declare parameters and requests that I ever saw (before NestJS and Molten). I found it more or less at the same time as Hug. But APIStar used the OpenAPI standard.

 It had automatic data validation, data serialization and OpenAPI schema generation based on the same type hints in several places.

@@ -365,7 +401,7 @@ It is the recommended server for Starlette and **FastAPI**.
 !!! check "**FastAPI** recommends it as"
    The main web server to run **FastAPI** applications.

-    You can combine it with Gunicorn, to have an asynchronous multiprocess server.
+    You can combine it with Gunicorn, to have an asynchronous multi-process server.

    Check more details in the <a href="/deployment/" target="_blank">Deployment</a> section.

--- a/docs/async.md
+++ b/docs/async.md
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ So, about the egg and the chicken, how do you call the first `async` function?

 If you are working with **FastAPI** you don't have to worry about that, because that "first" function will be your path operation function, and FastAPI will know how to do the right thing.

-But if you want to use `async` / `await` without FastAPI, <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#coroutine" target="_blank">check the official Python docs</a>
+But if you want to use `async` / `await` without FastAPI, <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#coroutine" target="_blank">check the official Python docs</a>.


 ### Other forms of asynchronous code
@@ -362,3 +362,43 @@ Let's see the same phrase from above:
 That should make more sense now.

 All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such an impressive performance.
+
+
+## Very Technical Details
+
+!!! warning
+    You can probably skip this.
+    
+    These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath.
+    
+    If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead.
+
+### Path operation functions
+
+When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server).
+
+If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to define trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking <abbr title="Input/Output: disk reading or writing, network communications.">IO</abbr>.
+
+Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/#performance" target="_blank">still be faster</a> than (or at least comparable to) your previous framework.
+
+### Dependencies
+
+The same applies for dependencies. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool.
+
+### Sub-dependencies
+
+You can have multiple dependencies and sub-dependencies requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread instead of being "awaited".
+
+### Other utility functions
+
+Any other utility function that you call directly can be created with normal `def` or `async def` and FastAPI won't affect the way you call it.
+
+This is in contrast to the functions that FastAPI calls for you: *path operation functions* and dependencies.
+
+If your utility function is a normal function with `def`, it will be called directly (as you write it in your code), not in a threadpool, if the function is created with `async def` then you should await for that function when you call it in your code.
+
+---
+
+Again, these are very technical details that would probably be useful if you came searching for them.
+
+Otherwise, you should be good with the guidelines from the section above: <a href="#in-a-hurry">In a hurry?</a>.
--- a/docs/benchmarks.md
+++ b/docs/benchmarks.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)

 But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should have the following in mind.

--- a/docs/contributing.md
+++ b/docs/contributing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+First, you might want to see the basic ways to <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/" target="_blank">help FastAPI and get help</a>.
+
+## Developing
+
+If you already cloned the repository and you know that you need to deep dive in the code, here are some guidelines to set up your environment.
+
+
+### Pipenv
+
+If you are using <a href="https://pipenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">Pipenv</a>, you can create a virtual environment and install the packages with:
+
+```bash
+pipenv install --dev
+```
+
+Then you can activate that virtual environment with:
+
+```bash
+pipenv shell
+```
+
+
+### No Pipenv
+
+If you are not using Pipenv, you can create a virtual environment with your preferred tool, and install the packages listed in the file `Pipfile`.
+
+
+### Flit
+
+**FastAPI** uses <a href="https://flit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank">Flit</a> to build, package and publish the project.
+
+If you installed the development dependencies with one of the methods above, you already have the `flit` command.
+
+To install your local version of FastAPI as a package in your local environment, run:
+
+```bash
+flit install --symlink
+```
+
+It will install your local FastAPI in your local environment.
+
+
+#### Using your local FastAPI
+
+If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code.
+
+And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `--symlink`, when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.
+
+That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.
+
+
+### Format
+
+There is a script that you can run that will format and clean all your code:
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/lint.sh
+```
+
+It will also auto-sort all your imports.
+
+For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above:
+
+```bash
+flit install --symlink
+```
+
+
+### Docs
+
+The documentation uses <a href="https://www.mkdocs.org/" target="_blank">MkDocs</a>.
+
+All the documentation is in Markdown format in the directory `./docs`.
+
+Many of the tutorials have blocks of code.
+
+In most of the cases, these blocks of code are actual complete applications that can be run as is.
+
+In fact, those blocks of code are not written inside the Markdown, they are Python files in the `./docs/src/` directory.
+
+And those Python files are included/injected in the documentation when generating the site.
+
+
+#### Docs for tests
+
+Most of the tests actually run against the example source files in the documentation.
+
+This helps making sure that:
+
+* The documentation is up to date.
+* The documentation examples can be run as is.
+* Most of the features are covered by the documentation, ensured by the coverage tests.
+
+During local development, there is a script that builds the site and checks for any changes, live-reloading:
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/docs-live.sh
+```
+
+It will serve the documentation on `http://0.0.0.0:8008`.
+
+That way, you can edit the documentation/source files and see the changes live.
+
+#### Apps and docs at the same time
+
+And if you run the examples with, e.g.:
+
+```bash
+uvicorn tutorial001:app --reload
+```
+
+as Uvicorn by default will use the port `8000`, the documentation on port `8008` won't clash.
+
+
+### Tests
+
+There is a script that you can run locally to test all the code and generate coverage reports in HTML:
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh
+```
+
+This command generates a directory `./htmlcov/`, if you open the file `./htmlcov/index.html` in your browser, you can explore interactively the regions of code that are covered by the tests, and notice if there is any region missing.
--- a/docs/deployment.md
+++ b/docs/deployment.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-It is recommended to use <a href="https://www.docker.com/" target="_blank">**Docker**</a> for security, replicability, development simplicity, etc.
+You can use <a href="https://www.docker.com/" target="_blank">**Docker**</a> for deployment. It has several advantages like security, replicability, development simplicity, etc.

 In this section you'll see instructions and links to guides to know how to:

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ But you can still change and update all the configurations with environment vari
    To see all the configurations and options, go to the Docker image page: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.


-### Build your Image
+### Create a `Dockerfile`

 * Go to your project directory.
 * Create a `Dockerfile` with:
@@ -37,6 +37,37 @@ FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
 COPY ./app /app
 ```

+#### Bigger Applications
+
+If you followed the section about creating <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/" target="_blank">Bigger Applications with Multiple Files
+</a>, your `Dockerfile` might instead look like:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
+
+COPY ./app /app/app
+```
+
+#### Raspberry Pi and other architectures
+
+If you are running Docker in a Raspberry Pi (that has an ARM processor) or any other architecture, you can create a `Dockerfile` from scratch, based on a Python base image (that is multi-architecture) and use Uvicorn alone.
+
+In this case, your `Dockerfile` could look like:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM python:3.7
+
+RUN pip install fastapi uvicorn
+
+EXPOSE 80
+
+COPY ./app /app
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+### Create the **FastAPI** Code
+
 * Create an `app` directory and enter in it.
 * Create a `main.py` file with:

@@ -65,6 +96,8 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
 └── Dockerfile
 ```

+### Build the Docker image
+
 * Go to the project directory (in where your `Dockerfile` is, containing your `app` directory).
 * Build your FastAPI image:

@@ -72,6 +105,8 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):
 docker build -t myimage .
 ```

+### Start the Docker container
+
 * Run a container based on your image:

 ```bash
@@ -145,7 +180,7 @@ Now, from a developer's perspective, here are several things to have in mind whi
    * It goes encrypted, but the encrypted contents are the same HTTP protocol.


-It is a common practice to have one program/HTTP server runing in the server (the machine, host, etc) and managing all the HTTPS parts, sending the decrypted HTTP requests to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the HTTP response from the application, encrypt it using the appropriate certificate and sending it back to the client using HTTPS. This server is ofter called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>.
+It is a common practice to have one program/HTTP server running in the server (the machine, host, etc) and managing all the HTTPS parts, sending the decrypted HTTP requests to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the HTTP response from the application, encrypt it using the appropriate certificate and sending it back to the client using HTTPS. This server is ofter called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>.


 ### Let's Encrypt
@@ -202,17 +237,37 @@ The generated project has instructions to deploy it, doing it takes other 2 min.

 You can deploy **FastAPI** directly without Docker too.

-You just need to install <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> (or any other ASGI server).
+You just need to install an ASGI compatible server like:

-And run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--debug` option, e.g.:
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>, a lightning-fast ASGI server, built on uvloop and httptools.
+
+```bash
+pip install uvicorn
+```
+
+* <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>, an ASGI server also compatible with HTTP/2.
+
+```bash
+pip install hypercorn
+```
+
+...or any other ASGI server.
+
+And run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:

 ```bash
 uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
 ```

+or with Hypercorn:
+
+```bash
+hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80
+```
+
 You might want to set up some tooling to make sure it is restarted automatically if it stops.

-You might also want to install <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" target="_blank">Gunicorn</a> and <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/#running-with-gunicorn" target="_blank">use it as a manager for Uvicorn</a>.
+You might also want to install <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" target="_blank">Gunicorn</a> and <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/#running-with-gunicorn" target="_blank">use it as a manager for Uvicorn</a>, or use Hypercorn with multiple workers.

 Making sure to fine-tune the number of workers, etc.

--- a/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/features.md
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data)

 ### Editor support

-All the framework was designed to be easy and intuitive to use, all the decisons where tested on multiple editors even before starting development, to ensure the best development experience.
+All the framework was designed to be easy and intuitive to use, all the decisions where tested on multiple editors even before starting development, to ensure the best development experience.

 In the last Python developer survey it was clear <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2017/#tools-and-features" target="_blank">that the most used feature is "autocompletion"</a>. 

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Here's how your editor might help you:

 ![editor support](img/pycharm-completion.png)

-You will get completion in code you might even consider imposible before. As for example, the `price` key inside a JSON body (that could have been nested) that comes from a request.
+You will get completion in code you might even consider impossible before. As for example, the `price` key inside a JSON body (that could have been nested) that comes from a request.

 No more typing the wrong key names, coming back and forth between docs, or scrolling up and down to find if you finally used `username` or `user_name`.

@@ -201,4 +201,4 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on
    * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated.
 * **Extendible**:
    * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator.
-* 100% test coverage.
+* 100% test coverage.
--- a/docs/help-fastapi.md
+++ b/docs/help-fastapi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+Are you liking **FastAPI**?
+
+Would you like to help FastAPI, other users, and the author?
+
+Or would you like to get help with **FastAPI**?
+
+There are very simple ways to help (several involve just one or two clicks).
+
+And there are several ways to get help too.
+
+
+## Star **FastAPI** in GitHub
+
+You can "star" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the star button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+By adding a star, other users will be able to find it more easily and see that it has been already useful for others.
+
+
+## Watch the GitHub repository for releases
+
+You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+There you can select "Releases only".
+
+Doing it, you will receive notifications (in your email) whenever there's a new release (a new version) of **FastAPI** with bug fixes and new features.
+
+## Join the chat
+
+<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
+</a>
+
+Join the chat on Gitter: <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+There you can ask quick questions, help others, share ideas, etc.
+
+## Connect with the author
+
+You can connect with <a href="https://tiangolo.com" target="_blank">me (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`)</a>, the author.
+
+You can:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" target="_blank">Follow me on **GitHub**</a>.
+    * See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you.
+    * Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project.
+* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a>.
+    * Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that).
+    * Ask questions.
+* <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/" target="_blank">Connect with me on **Linkedin**</a>.
+    * Talk to me.
+    * Endorse me or recommend me :)
+* <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo" target="_blank">Read what I write (or follow me) on **Medium**</a>.
+    * Read other ideas, articles and tools I have created.
+    * Follow me to see when I publish something new.
+
+
+## Tweet about **FastAPI**
+
+<a href="http://twitter.com/home/?status=I'm loving FastAPI because... https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi cc @tiangolo" target="_blank">Tweet about **FastAPI**</a> and let me and others why you like it.
+
+## Let me know how are you using **FastAPI**
+
+I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what have you liked in it, in which project/company are you using it, etc.
+
+You can let me know:
+
+* <a href="http://twitter.com/home/?status=Hey @tiangolo, I'm using FastAPI at..." target="_blank">On **Twitter**</a>.
+* <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/" target="_blank">On **Linkedin**</a>.
+* <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo" target="_blank">On **Medium**</a>.
+
+## Vote for FastAPI
+
+You can vote to include FastAPI in several "awesome lists":
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python/pull/1209" target="_blank">Vote to include **FastAPI** in `awesome-python`</a>.
+* <a href="https://github.com/timofurrer/awesome-asyncio/pull/43" target="_blank">Vote to include **FastAPI** in `awesome-asyncio`</a>.
+
+## Help others with issues in GitHub
+
+You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others.
+
+## Watch the GitHub repository
+
+You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+
+If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only", you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue.
+
+Then you can try and help them solving those issues.
+
+## Create issues
+
+You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" target="_blank">create a new issue</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
+
+* Report a bug/issue.
+* Suggest a new feature.
+* Ask a question.
+
+## Create a Pull Request
+
+You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">create a Pull Request</a>, for example:
+
+* To fix a typo you found on the documentation.
+* To propose new documentation sections.
+* To fix an existing issue/bug.
+* To add a new feature.
+
+---
+
+Thanks!
--- a/docs/history-design-future.md
+++ b/docs/history-design-future.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Some time ago, <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/3#issuecomment-454956920" target="_blank">a **FastAPI** user asked</a>:
+
+> What’s the history of this project? It seems to have come from nowhere to awesome in a few weeks [...]
+
+Here's a little bit of that history.
+
+
+## Alternatives
+
+I have been creating APIs with complex requirements for several years (Machine Learning, distributed systems, asynchronous jobs, NoSQL databases, etc), leading several teams of developers.
+
+As part of that, I needed to investigate, test and use many alternatives.
+
+The history of **FastAPI** is in great part the history of its predecessors.
+
+As said in the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/alternatives/" target="_blank">Alternatives</a>:
+
+<blockquote markdown="1">
+
+**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.
+
+There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.
+
+I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.
+
+But at some point, there was no other option than creating something that provided all these features, taking the best ideas from previous tools, and combining them in the best way possible, using language features that weren't even available before (Python 3.6+ type hints).
+
+</blockquote>
+
+
+## Investigation
+
+By using all the previous alternatives I had the chance to learn from all of them, take ideas, and combine them in the best way I could find for myself and the teams of developers I have worked with.
+
+For example, it was clear that ideally it should be based on standard Python type hints.
+
+Also, the best approach was to use already existing standards.
+
+So, before even starting to code **FastAPI**, I spent several months studying the specs for OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Understanding their relationship, overlap, and differences.
+
+
+## Design
+
+Then I spent some time designing the developer "API" I wanted to have as a user (as a developer using FastAPI).
+
+I tested several ideas in the most popular Python editors: PyCharm, VS Code, Jedi based editors.
+
+By the last <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2018/#development-tools" target="_blank">Python Developer Survey</a>, that covers about 80% of the users.
+
+It means that **FastAPI** was specifically tested with the editors used by 80% of the Python developers. And as most of the other editors tend to work similarly, all its benefits should work for virtually all editors.
+
+That way I could find the best ways to reduce code duplication as much as possible, to have completion everywhere, type and error checks, etc.
+
+All in a way that provided the best development experience for all the developers.
+
+
+## Requirements
+
+After testing several alternatives, I decided that I was going to use <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a> for its advantages.
+
+Then I contributed to it, to make it fully compliant with JSON Schema, to support different ways to define constraint declarations, and to improve editor support (type checks, autocompletion) based on the tests in several editors.
+
+During the development, I also contributed to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" target="_blank">**Starlette**</a>, the other key requirement.
+
+
+## Development
+
+By the time I started creating **FastAPI** itself, most of the pieces were already in place, the design was defined, the requirements and tools were ready, and the knowledge about the standards and specifications was clear and fresh.
+
+
+## Future
+
+By this point, it's already clear that **FastAPI** with its ideas is being useful for many people.
+
+It is being chosen over previous alternatives for suiting many use cases better.
+
+Many developers and teams already depend on **FastAPI** for their projects (including me and my team).
+
+But still, there are many improvements and features to come.
+
+**FastAPI** has a great future ahead.
+
+And <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/" target="_blank">your help</a> is greatly appreciated.
--- a/docs/img/icon-transparent-bg.png
+++ b/docs/img/icon-transparent-bg.png
--- a/docs/img/icon-white-bg.png
+++ b/docs/img/icon-white-bg.png
--- a/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png
+++ b/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png
--- a/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-white-bg.png
+++ b/docs/img/logo-margin/logo-white-bg.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/additional-responses/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/additional-responses/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/application-configuration/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/application-configuration/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/async-sql-databases/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/async-sql-databases/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/extending-openapi/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/extending-openapi/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/graphql/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/graphql/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image03.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image03.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image11.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image11.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/security/image12.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/security/image12.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/sql-databases/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/sql-databases/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/sub-applications/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image02.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image03.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image03.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image04.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/websockets/image04.png
--- a/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/index.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal-vector.svg" alt='FastAPI'></a>
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
 </p>
 <p align="center">
    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
    <img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/fastapi.svg" alt="Package version">
 </a>
+<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
+</a>
 </p>

 ---
@@ -31,15 +34,37 @@ The key features are:
 * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).

 * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300% *.
-* **Less bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
 * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
-* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Less bugs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
 * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.

 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>

+## Opinions
+
+"*[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"*Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that.*"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+
+

 ## Requirements

@@ -57,7 +82,7 @@ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
 $ pip install fastapi
 ```

-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">uvicorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.

 ```bash
 $ pip install uvicorn
@@ -116,17 +141,17 @@ If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fast
 Run the server with:

 ```bash
-uvicorn main:app --debug
+uvicorn main:app --reload
 ```

 <details markdown="1">
-<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --debug</code>...</summary>
+<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>

 The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:

 * `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
 * `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
-* `--debug`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
+* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.

 </details>

@@ -195,11 +220,11 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
-def create_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
 ```

-The server should reload automatically (because you added `--debug` to the `uvicorn` command above).
+The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).

 ### Interactive API docs upgrade

@@ -344,7 +369,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa

 ## Performance

-Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=a979de55-980d-4721-a46f-77298b3f3923&hw=ph&test=fortune&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)

 To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.

--- a/docs/project-generation.md
+++ b/docs/project-generation.md
@@ -1,5 +1,56 @@
 There is a project generator that you can use to get started, with a lot of the initial set up, security, database and first API endpoints already done for you.

+
+## Full-Stack-FastAPI-PostgreSQL
+
+GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql</a>
+
+### Features
+
+* Full **Docker** integration (Docker based).
+* Docker Swarm Mode deployment.
+* **Docker Compose** integration and optimization for local development
+* **Production ready** Python web server using Uvicorn and Gunicorn.
+* Python **[FastAPI](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi)** backend:
+    * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic).
+    * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+    * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+    * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration.
+    * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+    * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+    * [**Many other features**](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi) including automatic validation, serialization, interactive documentation, authentication with OAuth2 JWT tokens, etc.
+* **Secure password** hashing by default.
+* **JWT token** authentication.
+* **SQLAlchemy** models (independent of Flask extensions, so they can be used with Celery workers directly).
+* Basic starting models for users (modify and remove as you need).
+* **Alembic** migrations.
+* **CORS** (Cross Origin Resource Sharing).
+* **Celery** worker that can import and use models and code from the rest of the backend selectively (you don't have to install the complete app in each worker).
+* REST backend tests based on **Pytest**, integrated with Docker, so you can test the full API interaction, independent on the database. As it runs in Docker, it can build a new data store from scratch each time (so you can use ElasticSearch, MongoDB, CouchDB, or whatever you want, and just test that the API works).
+* Easy Python integration with **Jupyter Kernels** for remote or in-Docker development with extensions like Atom Hydrogen or Visual Studio Code Jupyter.
+* **Vue** frontend:
+    * Generated with Vue CLI.
+    * **JWT Authentication** handling.
+    * Login view.
+    * After login, main dashboard view.
+    * Main dashboard with user creation and edition.
+    * Self user edition.
+    * **Vuex**.
+    * **Vue-router**.
+    * **Vuetify** for beautiful material design components.
+    * **TypeScript**.
+    * Docker server based on **Nginx** (configured to play nicely with Vue-router).
+    * Docker multi-stage building, so you don't need to save or commit compiled code.
+    * Frontend tests ran at build time (can be disabled too).
+    * Made as modular as possible, so it works out of the box, but you can re-generate with Vue CLI or create it as you need, and re-use what you want.
+* **PGAdmin** for PostgreSQL database, you can modify it to use PHPMyAdmin and MySQL easily.
+* **Flower** for Celery jobs monitoring.
+* Load balancing between frontend and backend with **Traefik**, so you can have both under the same domain, separated by path, but served by different containers.
+* Traefik integration, including Let's Encrypt **HTTPS** certificates automatic generation.
+* GitLab **CI** (continuous integration), including frontend and backend testing.
+
+
+
 ## Full-Stack-FastAPI-Couchbase

 GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase</a>
@@ -10,7 +61,17 @@ GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase" targe
 * Docker Swarm Mode deployment.
 * **Docker Compose** integration and optimization for local development.
 * **Production ready** Python web server using Uvicorn and Gunicorn.
-* Python **FastAPI** backend with all its features.
+* Python **[FastAPI](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi)** backend:
+    * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic).
+    * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+    * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+    * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration.
+    * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+    * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+    * [**Many other features**](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi) including automatic validation, serialization, interactive documentation, authentication with OAuth2 JWT tokens, etc.
+* **Secure password** hashing by default.
+* **JWT token** authentication.
+* **CORS** (Cross Origin Resource Sharing).
 * **Celery** worker that can import and use code from the rest of the backend selectively (you don't have to install the complete app in each worker).
 * **NoSQL Couchbase** database that supports direct synchronization via Couchbase Sync Gateway for offline-first applications.
 * **Full Text Search** integrated, using Couchbase.
@@ -36,7 +97,7 @@ GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase" targe
    * Docker multi-stage building, so you don't need to save or commit compiled code.
    * Frontend tests ran at build time (can be disabled too).
    * Made as modular as possible, so it works out of the box, but you can re-generate with Vue CLI or create it as you need, and re-use what you want.
-* Flower for Celery jobs monitoring.
+* **Flower** for Celery jobs monitoring.
 * Load balancing between frontend and backend with **Traefik**, so you can have both under the same domain, separated by path, but served by different containers.
 * Traefik integration, including Let's Encrypt **HTTPS** certificates automatic generation.
 * GitLab **CI** (continuous integration), including frontend and backend testing.
--- a/docs/python-types.md
+++ b/docs/python-types.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ John Doe

 The function does the following: 

-* Takes a `fist_name` and `last_name`.
+* Takes a `first_name` and `last_name`.
 * Converts the first letter of each one to upper case with `title()`.
 * <abbr title="Puts them together, as one. With the contents of one after the other.">Concatenates</abbr> them with a space in the middle.

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ But then you have to call "that method that converts the first letter to upper c

 Was it `upper`? Was it `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`?

-Then, you try with the old programer's friend, editor autocompletion.
+Then, you try with the old programmer's friend, editor autocompletion.

 You type the first parameter of the function, `first_name`, then a dot (`.`) and then hit `Ctrl+Space` to trigger the completion.

--- a/docs/release-notes.md
+++ b/docs/release-notes.md
@@ -1,17 +1,281 @@
+## Next release
+
+## 0.21.0
+
+* On body parsing errors, raise `from` previous exception, to allow better introspection in logging code. PR [#192](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/195) by [@ricardomomm](https://github.com/ricardomomm).
+
+* Use Python logger named "`fastapi`" instead of root logger. PR [#222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/222) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic to version 0.25. PR [#225](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/225) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Fix typo in routing. PR [#221](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/221) by [@djlambert](https://github.com/djlambert).
+
+## 0.20.1
+
+* Add typing information to package including file `py.typed`. PR [#209](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/209) by [@meadsteve](https://github.com/meadsteve).
+
+* Add FastAPI bot for Gitter. To automatically announce new releases. PR [#189](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/189).
+
+## 0.20.0
+
+* Upgrade OAuth2:
+    * Upgrade Password flow using Bearer tokens to use the correct HTTP status code 401 `UNAUTHORIZED`, with `WWW-Authenticate` headers.
+    * Update, simplify, and improve all the [security docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/intro/).
+    * Add new `scope_str` to `SecurityScopes` and update docs: [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+    * Update docs, images, tests.
+    * PR [#188](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/188).
+
+* Include [Hypercorn](https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn) as an alternative ASGI server in the docs. PR [#187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/187).
+
+* Add docs for [Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/) and [Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/templates/). PR [#186](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/186).
+
+* Add docs for handling [Response Cookies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-cookies/) and [Response Headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-headers/). PR [#185](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/185).
+
+* Fix typos in docs. PR [#176](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/176) by [@chdsbd](https://github.com/chdsbd).
+
+## 0.19.0
+
+* Rename _path operation decorator_ parameter `content_type` to `response_class`. PR [#183](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/183).
+
+* Add docs:
+    * How to use the `jsonable_encoder` in [JSON compatible encoder](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/encoder/).
+    * How to [Return a Response directly](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-directly/).
+    * Update how to use a [Custom Response Class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/custom-response/).
+    * PR [#184](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/184).
+
+## 0.18.0
+
+* Add docs for [HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/custom-response/). PR [#177](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/177).
+
+* Upgrade HTTP Basic Auth handling with automatic headers (automatic browser login prompt). PR [#175](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/175).
+
+* Update dependencies for security. PR [#174](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/174).
+
+* Add docs for [Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/). PR [#173](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/173).
+
+## 0.17.0
+
+* Make Flit publish from CI. PR [#170](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/170).
+
+* Add documentation about handling [CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/cors/). PR [#169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/169).
+
+* By default, encode by alias. This allows using Pydantic `alias` parameters working by default. PR [#168](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/168).
+
+## 0.16.0
+
+* Upgrade _path operation_ `doctsring` parsing to support proper Markdown descriptions. New documentation at [Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#description-from-docstring). PR [#163](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/163).
+
+* Refactor internal usage of Pydantic to use correct data types. PR [#164](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/164).
+
+* Upgrade Pydantic to version `0.23`. PR [#160](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/160) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Fix typo in Tutorial about Extra Models. PR [#159](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/159) by [@danielmichaels](https://github.com/danielmichaels).
+
+* Fix [Query Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/) URL examples in docs. PR [#157](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/157) by [@hayata-yamamoto](https://github.com/hayata-yamamoto).
+
+## 0.15.0
+
+* Add support for multiple file uploads (as a single form field). New docs at: [Multiple file uploads](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#multiple-file-uploads). PR [#158](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/158).
+
+* Add docs for: [Additional Status Codes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-status-codes/). PR [#156](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/156).
+
+## 0.14.0
+
+* Improve automatically generated names of path operations in OpenAPI (in API docs). A function `read_items` instead of having a generated name "Read Items Get" will have "Read Items". PR [#155](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/155).
+
+* Add docs for: [Testing **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/). PR [#151](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/151).
+
+* Update `/docs` Swagger UI to enable deep linking. This allows sharing the URL pointing directly to the path operation documentation in the docs. PR [#148](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/148) by [@wshayes](https://github.com/wshayes).
+
+* Update development dependencies, `Pipfile.lock`. PR [#150](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/150).
+
+* Include Falcon and Hug in: [Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/alternatives/).
+
+## 0.13.0
+
+* Improve/upgrade OAuth2 scopes support with `SecurityScopes`:
+    * `SecurityScopes` can be declared as a parameter like `Request`, to get the scopes of all super-dependencies/dependants.
+    * Improve `Security` handling, merging scopes when declaring `SecurityScopes`.
+    * Allow using `SecurityBase` (like `OAuth2`) classes with `Depends` and still document them. `Security` now is needed only to declare `scopes`.
+    * Updated docs about: [OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt/).
+    * New docs about: [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+    * PR [#141](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/141).
+
+## 0.12.1
+
+* Fix bug: handling additional `responses` in `APIRouter.include_router()`. PR [#140](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/140).
+
+* Fix typo in SQL tutorial. PR [#138](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/138) by [@mostaphaRoudsari](https://github.com/mostaphaRoudsari).
+
+* Fix typos in section about nested models and OAuth2 with JWT. PR [#127](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/127) by [@mmcloud](https://github.com/mmcloud).
+
+## 0.12.0
+
+* Add additional `responses` parameter to _path operation decorators_ to extend responses in OpenAPI (and API docs).
+    * It also allows extending existing responses generated from `response_model`, declare other media types (like images), etc.
+    * The new documentation is here: [Additional Responses](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/additional-responses/).
+    * `responses` can also be added to `.include_router()`, the updated docs are here: [Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#add-some-custom-tags-and-responses).
+    * PR [#97](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/97) originally initiated by [@barsi](https://github.com/barsi).
+* Update `scripts/test-cov-html.sh` to allow passing extra parameters like `-vv`, for development.
+
+## 0.11.0
+
+* Add `auto_error` parameter to security utility functions. Allowing them to be optional. Also allowing to have multiple alternative security schemes that are then checked in a single dependency instead of each one verifying and returning the error to the client automatically when not satisfied. PR [#134](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/134).
+
+* Update [SQL Tutorial](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/#create-a-middleware-to-handle-sessions) to close database sessions even when there are exceptions. PR [#89](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/89) by [@alexiri](https://github.com/alexiri).
+
+* Fix duplicate dependency in `pyproject.toml`. PR [#128](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/128) by [@zxalif](https://github.com/zxalif).
+
+## 0.10.3
+
+* Add Gitter chat, badge, links, etc. [https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi](https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi) . PR [#117](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/117).
+
+* Add docs about [Extending OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extending-openapi/). PR [#126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/126).
+
+* Make Travis run Ubuntu Xenial (newer version) and Python 3.7 instead of Python 3.7-dev. PR [#92](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/92) by [@blueyed](https://github.com/blueyed).
+
+* Fix duplicated param variable creation. PR [#123](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/123) by [@yihuang](https://github.com/yihuang).
+
+* Add note in [Response Model docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/) about why using a function parameter instead of a function return type annotation. PR [#109](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/109) by [@JHSaunders](https://github.com/JHSaunders).
+
+* Fix event docs (startup/shutdown) function name. PR [#105](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/105) by [@stratosgear](https://github.com/stratosgear).
+
+## 0.10.2
+
+* Fix OpenAPI (JSON Schema) for declarations of Python `Union` (JSON Schema `additionalProperties`). PR [#121](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/121).
+
+* Update [Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/) with a note on Celery.
+
+* Document response models using unions and lists, updated at: [Extra Models](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extra-models/). PR [#108](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/108).
+
+## 0.10.1
+
+* Add docs and tests for [encode/databases](https://github.com/encode/databases). New docs at: [Async SQL (Relational) Databases](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/async-sql-databases/). PR [#107](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/107).
+
+## 0.10.0
+
+* Add support for Background Tasks in _path operation functions_ and dependencies. New documentation about [Background Tasks is here](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/). PR [#103](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/103).
+
+* Add support for `.websocket_route()` in `APIRouter`. PR [#100](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/100) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* New docs section about [Events: startup - shutdown](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/events/). PR [#99](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/99).
+
+## 0.9.1
+
+* Document receiving [Multiple values with the same query parameter](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#query-parameter-list-multiple-values) and [Duplicate headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#duplicate-headers). PR [#95](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/95).
+
+## 0.9.0
+
+* Upgrade compatible Pydantic version to `0.21.0`. PR [#90](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/90).
+
+* Add documentation for: [Application Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/application-configuration/).
+
+* Fix typo in docs. PR [#76](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/76) by [@matthewhegarty](https://github.com/matthewhegarty).
+
+* Fix link in "Deployment" to "Bigger Applications".
+
+## 0.8.0
+
+* Make development scripts executable. PR [#76](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/76) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Add support for adding `tags` in `app.include_router()`. PR [#55](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/55) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10). Documentation updated in the section: [Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/).
+
+* Update docs related to Uvicorn to use new `--reload` option from version `0.5.x`. PR [#74](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/74).
+
+* Update `isort` imports and scripts to be compatible with newer versions. PR [#75](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/75).
+
+## 0.7.1
+
+* Update [technical details about `async def` handling](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#path-operation-functions) with respect to previous frameworks. PR [#64](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/64) by [@haizaar](https://github.com/haizaar).
+
+* Add [deployment documentation for Docker in Raspberry Pi](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#raspberry-pi-and-other-architectures) and other architectures.
+
+* Trigger Docker images build on Travis CI automatically. PR [#65](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/65).
+
+## 0.7.0
+
+* Add support for `UploadFile` in `File` parameter annotations.
+    * This includes a file-like interface.
+    * Here's the updated documentation for declaring [`File` parameters with `UploadFile`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/#file-parameters-with-uploadfile).
+    * And here's the updated documentation for using [`Form` parameters mixed with `File` parameters, supporting `bytes` and `UploadFile`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-forms-and-files/) at the same time.
+    * PR [#63](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/63).
+
+## 0.6.4
+
+* Add [technical details about `async def` handling to docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#very-technical-details). PR [#61](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/61).
+
+* Add docs for [Debugging FastAPI applications in editors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/debugging/).
+
+* Clarify [Bigger Applications deployed with Docker](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/deployment/#bigger-applications).
+
+* Fix typos in docs.
+
+* Add section about [History, Design and Future](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/history-design-future/).
+
+* Add docs for using [WebSockets with **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/websockets/). PR [#62](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/62).
+
+## 0.6.3
+
+* Add Favicons to docs. PR [#53](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/53).
+
+## 0.6.2
+
+* Introduce new project generator based on FastAPI and PostgreSQL: [https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql](https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql). PR [#52](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52).
+
+* Update [SQL tutorial with SQLAlchemy, using `Depends` to improve editor support and reduce code repetition](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/). PR [#52](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/52).
+
+* Improve middleware naming in tutorial for SQL with SQLAlchemy [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/).
+
+## 0.6.1
+
+* Add docs for GraphQL: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/graphql/). PR [#48](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/48).
+
+## 0.6.0
+
+* Update SQL with SQLAlchemy tutorial at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) using the new official `request.state`. PR [#45](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/45).
+
+* Upgrade Starlette to version `0.11.1` and add required compatibility changes. PR [#44](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/44).
+
+## 0.5.1
+
+* Add section about [helping and getting help with **FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/).
+
+* Add note about [path operations order in docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params/#order-matters).
+
+* Update [section about error handling](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/) with more information and make relation with Starlette error handling utilities more explicit. PR [#41](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/41).
+
+* Add <a href="" target="_blank">Development - Contributing section to the docs</a>. PR [#42](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/42).
+
+## 0.5.0
+
+* Add new `HTTPException` with support for custom headers. With new documentation for handling errors at: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/). PR [#35](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/35).
+
+* Add [documentation to use Starlette `Request` object](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/using-request-directly/) directly. Check [#25](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/25) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
+
+* Add issue templates to simplify reporting bugs, getting help, etc: [#34](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/34).
+
+* Update example for the SQLAlchemy tutorial at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) using middleware and database session attached to request.
+
+## 0.4.0
+
+* Add `openapi_prefix`, support for reverse proxy and mounting sub-applications. See the docs at [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sub-applications-proxy/): [#26](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26) by [@kabirkhan](https://github.com/kabirkhan).
+
+* Update [docs/tutorial for SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/) including note about _DB Browser for SQLite_.
+
 ## 0.3.0

-* Fix/add SQLAlchemy support, including ORM, and update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">docs for SQLAlchemy</a>: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/30" target="_blank">#30</a>
+* Fix/add SQLAlchemy support, including ORM, and update [docs for SQLAlchemy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/sql-databases/): [#30](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/30).

 ## 0.2.1

-* Fix `jsonable_encoder` for Pydantic models with `Config` but without `json_encoders`: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/29" target="_blank">#29</a>
+* Fix `jsonable_encoder` for Pydantic models with `Config` but without `json_encoders`: [#29](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/29).

 ## 0.2.0

-* Fix typos in Security section: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/24" target="_blank">#24</a> by <a href="https://github.com/kkinder" target="_blank">@kkinder</a>
+* Fix typos in Security section: [#24](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/24) by [@kkinder](https://github.com/kkinder).

-* Add support for Pydantic custom JSON encoders: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/21" target="_blank">#21</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>
+* Add support for Pydantic custom JSON encoders: [#21](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/21) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

 ## 0.1.19

-* Upgrade Starlette version to the current latest `0.10.1`: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/17" target="_blank">#17</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>
+* Upgrade Starlette version to the current latest `0.10.1`: [#17](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/17) by [@euri10](https://github.com/euri10).
--- a/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+class Message(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item, responses={404: {"model": Message}})
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id == "foo":
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
+    else:
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"})
--- a/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/items/{item_id}",
+    response_model=Item,
+    responses={
+        200: {
+            "content": {"image/png": {}},
+            "description": "Return the JSON item or an image.",
+        }
+    },
+)
+async def read_item(item_id: str, img: bool = None):
+    if img:
+        return FileResponse("image.png", media_type="image/png")
+    else:
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
--- a/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+class Message(BaseModel):
+    message: str
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/items/{item_id}",
+    response_model=Item,
+    responses={
+        404: {"model": Message, "description": "The item was not found"},
+        200: {
+            "description": "Item requested by ID",
+            "content": {
+                "application/json": {
+                    "example": {"id": "bar", "value": "The bar tenders"}
+                }
+            },
+        },
+    },
+)
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id == "foo":
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
+    else:
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"})
--- a/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import FileResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    value: str
+
+
+responses = {
+    404: {"description": "Item not found"},
+    302: {"description": "The item was moved"},
+    403: {"description": "Not enough privileges"},
+}
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get(
+    "/items/{item_id}",
+    response_model=Item,
+    responses={**responses, 200: {"content": {"image/png": {}}}},
+)
+async def read_item(item_id: str, img: bool = None):
+    if img:
+        return FileResponse("image.png", media_type="image/png")
+    else:
+        return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"}
--- a/docs/src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+from starlette.status import HTTP_201_CREATED
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+async def upsert_item(item_id: str, name: str = Body(None), size: int = Body(None)):
+    if item_id in items:
+        item = items[item_id]
+        item["name"] = name
+        item["size"] = size
+        return item
+    else:
+        item = {"name": name, "size": size}
+        items[item_id] = item
+        return JSONResponse(status_code=HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item)
--- a/docs/src/app_testing/init.py
+++ b/docs/src/app_testing/init.py
--- a/docs/src/app_testing/main.py
+++ b/docs/src/app_testing/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_main():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}
--- a/docs/src/app_testing/test_main.py
+++ b/docs/src/app_testing/test_main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from .main import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_read_main():
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}
--- a/docs/src/app_testing/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/app_testing/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_main():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_read_main():
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}
--- a/docs/src/app_testing/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/app_testing/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_main():
+    return {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+@app.websocket_route("/ws")
+async def websocket(websocket: WebSocket):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_json({"msg": "Hello WebSocket"})
+    await websocket.close()
+
+
+def test_read_main():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    response = client.get("/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"msg": "Hello World"}
+
+
+def test_websocket():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with client.websocket_connect("/ws") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_json()
+        assert data == {"msg": "Hello WebSocket"}
--- a/docs/src/app_testing/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/app_testing/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {}
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup_event():
+    items["foo"] = {"name": "Fighters"}
+    items["bar"] = {"name": "Tenders"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_items(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
+
+
+def test_read_items():
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.get("/items/foo")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"name": "Fighters"}
--- a/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial002.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI

-app = FastAPI(
-    title="My Super Project", version="2.5.0", openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json"
-)
+app = FastAPI(openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json")


@app.get("/items/")
--- a/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/application_configuration/tutorial003.py
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI

-app = FastAPI(
-    title="My Super Project",
-    version="2.5.0",
-    openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json",
-    docs_url="/api/v1/docs",
-    redoc_url=None,
-)
+app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url=None)


@app.get("/items/")
--- a/docs/src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from typing import List
+
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+# SQLAlchemy specific code, as with any other app
+DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db"
+# DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"
+
+database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL)
+
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+notes = sqlalchemy.Table(
+    "notes",
+    metadata,
+    sqlalchemy.Column("id", sqlalchemy.Integer, primary_key=True),
+    sqlalchemy.Column("text", sqlalchemy.String),
+    sqlalchemy.Column("completed", sqlalchemy.Boolean),
+)
+
+
+engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(
+    DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
+)
+metadata.create_all(engine)
+
+
+class NoteIn(BaseModel):
+    text: str
+    completed: bool
+
+
+class Note(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    text: str
+    completed: bool
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup():
+    await database.connect()
+
+
+@app.on_event("shutdown")
+async def shutdown():
+    await database.disconnect()
+
+
+@app.get("/notes/", response_model=List[Note])
+async def read_notes():
+    query = notes.select()
+    return await database.fetch_all(query)
+
+
+@app.post("/notes/", response_model=Note)
+async def create_note(note: NoteIn):
+    query = notes.insert().values(text=note.text, completed=note.completed)
+    last_record_id = await database.execute(query)
+    return {**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id}
--- a/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def write_notification(email: str, message=""):
+    with open("log.txt", mode="w") as email_file:
+        content = f"notification for {email}: {message}"
+        email_file.write(content)
+
+
+@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
+    background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification")
+    return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}
--- a/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def write_log(message: str):
+    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
+        log.write(message)
+
+
+def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str = None):
+    if q:
+        message = f"found query: {q}\n"
+        background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
+    return q
+
+
+@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+async def send_notification(
+    email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str = Depends(get_query)
+):
+    message = f"message to {email}\n"
+    background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
+    return {"message": "Message sent"}
--- a/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/main.py
+++ b/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/main.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 from fastapi import FastAPI

-from .routers.items import router as items_router
-from .routers.users import router as users_router
+from .routers import items, users

 app = FastAPI()

-app.include_router(users_router)
-app.include_router(items_router, prefix="/items")
+app.include_router(users.router)
+app.include_router(
+    items.router,
+    prefix="/items",
+    tags=["items"],
+    responses={404: {"description": "Not found"}},
+)
--- a/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py
+++ b/docs/src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py
@@ -1,13 +1,24 @@
-from fastapi import APIRouter
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException

 router = APIRouter()


-@router.get("/", tags=["items"])
+@router.get("/")
 async def read_items():
    return [{"name": "Item Foo"}, {"name": "item Bar"}]


-@router.get("/{item_id}", tags=["items"])
+@router.get("/{item_id}")
 async def read_item(item_id: str):
    return {"name": "Fake Specific Item", "item_id": item_id}
+
+
+@router.put(
+    "/{item_id}",
+    tags=["custom"],
+    responses={403: {"description": "Operation forbidden"}},
+)
+async def update_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id != "foo":
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="You can only update the item: foo")
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "name": "The Fighters"}
--- a/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py
+++ b/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import Set

 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr

 app = FastAPI()

--- a/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py
+++ b/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import List, Set

 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr

 app = FastAPI()

@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
    price: float
    tax: float = None
    tags: Set[str] = []
-    image: List[Image] = None
+    images: List[Image] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
--- a/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py
+++ b/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import List, Set

 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr

 app = FastAPI()

@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
    price: float
    tax: float = None
    tags: Set[str] = []
-    image: List[Image] = None
+    images: List[Image] = None


 class Offer(BaseModel):
--- a/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py
+++ b/docs/src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 from typing import List

 from fastapi import FastAPI
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from pydantic.types import UrlStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, UrlStr

 app = FastAPI()

--- a/docs/src/cors/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/cors/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+origins = [
+    "http://localhost.tiangolo.com",
+    "https://localhost.tiangolo.com",
+    "http:localhost",
+    "http:localhost:8080",
+]
+
+app.add_middleware(
+    CORSMiddleware,
+    allow_origins=origins,
+    allow_credentials=True,
+    allow_methods=["*"],
+    allow_headers=["*"],
+)
--- a/docs/src/custom_response/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/custom_response/tutorial001.py
@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from starlette.responses import UJSONResponse
 app = FastAPI()


-@app.get("/items/", content_type=UJSONResponse)
+@app.get("/items/", response_class=UJSONResponse)
 async def read_items():
    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]
--- a/docs/src/custom_response/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/custom_response/tutorial002.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
 app = FastAPI()


-@app.get("/items/", content_type=HTMLResponse)
+@app.get("/items/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
 async def read_items():
    return """
    <html>
--- a/docs/src/custom_response/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/custom_response/tutorial004.py
@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ def generate_html_response():
    return HTMLResponse(content=html_content, status_code=200)


-@app.get("/items/", content_type=HTMLResponse)
+@app.get("/items/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
 async def read_items():
    return generate_html_response()
--- a/docs/src/debugging/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/debugging/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import uvicorn
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def root():
+    a = "a"
+    b = "b" + a
+    return {"hello world": b}
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
--- a/docs/src/encoder/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/encoder/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+fake_db = {}
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    title: str
+    timestamp: datetime
+    description: str = None
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{id}")
+def update_item(id: str, item: Item):
+    json_compatible_item_data = jsonable_encoder(item)
+    fake_db[id] = json_compatible_item_data
--- a/docs/src/events/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/events/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {}
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup_event():
+    items["foo"] = {"name": "Fighters"}
+    items["bar"] = {"name": "Tenders"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_items(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
--- a/docs/src/events/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/events/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.on_event("shutdown")
+def shutdown_event():
+    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
+        log.write("Application shutdown")
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    return [{"name": "Foo"}]
--- a/docs/src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    return [{"name": "Foo"}]
+
+
+def custom_openapi():
+    if app.openapi_schema:
+        return app.openapi_schema
+    openapi_schema = get_openapi(
+        title="Custom title",
+        version="2.5.0",
+        description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
+        routes=app.routes,
+    )
+    openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
+        "url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
+    }
+    app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
+    return app.openapi_schema
+
+
+app.openapi = custom_openapi
--- a/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class BaseItem(BaseModel):
+    description: str
+    type: str
+
+
+class CarItem(BaseItem):
+    type = "car"
+
+
+class PlaneItem(BaseItem):
+    type = "plane"
+    size: int
+
+
+items = {
+    "item1": {"description": "All my friends drive a low rider", "type": "car"},
+    "item2": {
+        "description": "Music is my aeroplane, it's my aeroplane",
+        "type": "plane",
+        "size": 5,
+    },
+}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Union[PlaneItem, CarItem])
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
--- a/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial004.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str
+
+
+items = [
+    {"name": "Foo", "description": "There comes my hero"},
+    {"name": "Red", "description": "It's my aeroplane"},
+]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item])
+async def read_items():
+    return items
--- a/docs/src/graphql/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/graphql/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import graphene
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.graphql import GraphQLApp
+
+
+class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
+    hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger"))
+
+    def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
+        return "Hello " + name
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+app.add_route("/", GraphQLApp(schema=graphene.Schema(query=Query)))
--- a/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    if item_id not in items:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+    return {"item": items[item_id]}
--- a/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items-header/{item_id}")
+async def read_item_header(item_id: str):
+    if item_id not in items:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=404,
+            detail="Item not found",
+            headers={"X-Error": "There goes my error"},
+        )
+    return {"item": items[item_id]}
--- a/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.exception_handler(HTTPException)
+async def http_exception(request, exc):
+    return PlainTextResponse(str(exc.detail), status_code=exc.status_code)
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def root():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
--- a/docs/src/header_params/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/header_params/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(x_token: List[str] = Header(None)):
+    return {"X-Token values": x_token}
--- a/docs/src/middleware/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/middleware/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import time
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.requests import Request
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.middleware("http")
+async def add_process_time_header(request: Request, call_next):
+    start_time = time.time()
+    response = await call_next(request)
+    process_time = time.time() - start_time
+    response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time)
+    return response
--- a/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py
@@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
 async def create_item(*, item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:
-    
-    * name: each item must have a name
-    * description: a long description
-    * price: required
-    * tax: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
-    * tags: a set of unique tag strings for this item
+
+    - **name**: each item must have a name
+    - **description**: a long description
+    - **price**: required
+    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
+    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
    """
    return item
--- a/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py
+++ b/docs/src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
 async def create_item(*, item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:
-    
-    * name: each item must have a name
-    * description: a long description
-    * price: required
-    * tax: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
-    * tags: a set of unique tag strings for this item
+
+    - **name**: each item must have a name
+    - **description**: a long description
+    - **price**: required
+    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
+    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
    """
    return item
--- a/docs/src/path_params/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/path_params/tutorial003.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-from uuid import UUID
-
 from fastapi import FastAPI

 app = FastAPI()


-@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: UUID):
-    return {"item_id": item_id}
+@app.get("/users/me")
+async def read_user_me():
+    return {"user_id": "the current user"}
+
+
+@app.get("/users/{user_id}")
+async def read_user(user_id: str):
+    return {"user_id": user_id}
--- a/docs/src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py
+++ b/docs/src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(q: List[str] = Query(None)):
+    query_items = {"q": q}
+    return query_items
--- a/docs/src/request_files/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/request_files/tutorial001.py
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-from fastapi import FastAPI, File
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

 app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
-async def create_file(*, file: bytes = File(...)):
+async def create_file(file: bytes = File(...)):
    return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfile/")
+async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...)):
+    return {"filename": file.filename}
--- a/docs/src/request_files/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/request_files/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/files/")
+async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File(...)):
+    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
+async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)):
+    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def main():
+    content = """
+<body>
+<form action="/files/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+<form action="/uploadfiles/" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
+<input name="files" type="file" multiple>
+<input type="submit">
+</form>
+</body>
+    """
+    return HTMLResponse(content=content)
--- a/docs/src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
-from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form
+from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form, UploadFile

 app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
-async def create_file(*, file: bytes = File(...), token: str = Form(...)):
-    return {"file_size": len(file), "token": token}
+async def create_file(
+    file: bytes = File(...), fileb: UploadFile = File(...), token: str = Form(...)
+):
+    return {
+        "file_size": len(file),
+        "token": token,
+        "fileb_content_type": fileb.content_type,
+    }
--- a/docs/src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.post("/cookie/")
+def create_cookie():
+    content = {"message": "Come to the dark side, we have cookies"}
+    response = JSONResponse(content=content)
+    response.set_cookie(key="fakesession", value="fake-cookie-session-value")
+    return response
--- a/docs/src/response_directly/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/response_directly/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    title: str
+    timestamp: datetime
+    description: str = None
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{id}")
+def update_item(id: str, item: Item):
+    json_compatible_item_data = jsonable_encoder(item)
+    return JSONResponse(content=json_compatible_item_data)
--- a/docs/src/response_directly/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/response_directly/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/legacy/")
+def get_legacy_data():
+    data = """
+    <?xml version="1.0"?>
+    <shampoo>
+    <Header>
+        Apply shampoo here.
+    <Header>
+    <Body>
+        You'll have to use soap here.
+    </Body>
+    </shampoo>
+    """
+    return Response(content=data, media_type="application/xml")
--- a/docs/src/response_headers/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/response_headers/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/headers/")
+def get_headers():
+    content = {"message": "Hello World"}
+    headers = {"X-Cat-Dog": "alone in the world", "Content-Language": "en-US"}
+    return JSONResponse(content=content, headers=headers)
--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial001.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer

 app = FastAPI()
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/token")


@app.get("/items/")
-async def read_items(token: str = Security(oauth2_scheme)):
+async def read_items(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
    return {"token": token}
--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial002.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from typing import Optional

-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
 from pydantic import BaseModel

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def fake_decode_token(token):
    )


-async def get_current_user(token: str = Security(oauth2_scheme)):
+async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    return user

--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial003.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED

 fake_users_db = {
    "johndoe": {
@@ -54,11 +54,13 @@ def fake_decode_token(token):
    return user


-async def get_current_user(token: str = Security(oauth2_scheme)):
+async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    if not user:
        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=400, detail="Invalid authentication credentials"
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Invalid authentication credentials",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )
    return user

--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial004.py
@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta

 import jwt
-from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
 from jwt import PyJWTError
 from passlib.context import CryptContext
 from pydantic import BaseModel
-from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
-from starlette.status import HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED

 # to get a string like this run:
 # openssl rand -hex 32
 SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
 ALGORITHM = "HS256"
-TOKEN_SUBJECT = "access"
 ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30


@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ class Token(BaseModel):
    token_type: str


-class TokenPayload(BaseModel):
+class TokenData(BaseModel):
    username: str = None


@@ -84,20 +82,28 @@ def create_access_token(*, data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta = None):
        expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta
    else:
        expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15)
-    to_encode.update({"exp": expire, "sub": TOKEN_SUBJECT})
+    to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
    encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
    return encoded_jwt


-async def get_current_user(token: str = Security(oauth2_scheme)):
+async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)):
+    credentials_exception = HTTPException(
+        status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+        detail="Could not validate credentials",
+        headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+    )
    try:
        payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
-        token_data = TokenPayload(**payload)
+        username: str = payload.get("sub")
+        if username is None:
+            raise credentials_exception
+        token_data = TokenData(username=username)
    except PyJWTError:
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail="Could not validate credentials"
-        )
+        raise credentials_exception
    user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
+    if user is None:
+        raise credentials_exception
    return user


@@ -108,18 +114,22 @@ async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)


@app.post("/token", response_model=Token)
-async def route_login_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
+async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
    user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
    if not user:
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect email or password")
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Incorrect username or password",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
+        )
    access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
    access_token = create_access_token(
-        data={"username": form_data.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
+        data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires
    )
    return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"}


-@app.get("/users/me", response_model=User)
+@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
 async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
    return current_user

--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial005.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial005.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import List
+
+import jwt
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security
+from fastapi.security import (
+    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
+    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
+    SecurityScopes,
+)
+from jwt import PyJWTError
+from passlib.context import CryptContext
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+# to get a string like this run:
+# openssl rand -hex 32
+SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7"
+ALGORITHM = "HS256"
+ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30
+
+
+fake_users_db = {
+    "johndoe": {
+        "username": "johndoe",
+        "full_name": "John Doe",
+        "email": "johndoe@example.com",
+        "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW",
+        "disabled": False,
+    },
+    "alice": {
+        "username": "alice",
+        "full_name": "Alice Chains",
+        "email": "alicechains@example.com",
+        "hashed_password": "$2b$12$gSvqqUPvlXP2tfVFaWK1Be7DlH.PKZbv5H8KnzzVgXXbVxpva.pFm",
+        "disabled": True,
+    },
+}
+
+
+class Token(BaseModel):
+    access_token: str
+    token_type: str
+
+
+class TokenData(BaseModel):
+    username: str = None
+    scopes: List[str] = []
+
+
+class User(BaseModel):
+    username: str
+    email: str = None
+    full_name: str = None
+    disabled: bool = None
+
+
+class UserInDB(User):
+    hashed_password: str
+
+
+pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
+
+oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(
+    tokenUrl="/token",
+    scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."},
+)
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
+    return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
+
+
+def get_password_hash(password):
+    return pwd_context.hash(password)
+
+
+def get_user(db, username: str):
+    if username in db:
+        user_dict = db[username]
+        return UserInDB(**user_dict)
+
+
+def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str):
+    user = get_user(fake_db, username)
+    if not user:
+        return False
+    if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password):
+        return False
+    return user
+
+
+def create_access_token(*, data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta = None):
+    to_encode = data.copy()
+    if expires_delta:
+        expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta
+    else:
+        expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15)
+    to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
+    encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)
+    return encoded_jwt
+
+
+async def get_current_user(
+    security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)
+):
+    if security_scopes.scopes:
+        authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"'
+    else:
+        authenticate_value = f"Bearer"
+    credentials_exception = HTTPException(
+        status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+        detail="Could not validate credentials",
+        headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value},
+    )
+    try:
+        payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])
+        username: str = payload.get("sub")
+        if username is None:
+            raise credentials_exception
+        token_scopes = payload.get("scopes", [])
+        token_data = TokenData(scopes=token_scopes, username=username)
+    except (PyJWTError, ValidationError):
+        raise credentials_exception
+    user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username)
+    if user is None:
+        raise credentials_exception
+    for scope in security_scopes.scopes:
+        if scope not in token_data.scopes:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+                detail="Not enough permissions",
+                headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value},
+            )
+    return user
+
+
+async def get_current_active_user(
+    current_user: User = Security(get_current_user, scopes=["me"])
+):
+    if current_user.disabled:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user")
+    return current_user
+
+
+@app.post("/token", response_model=Token)
+async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
+    user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password)
+    if not user:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password")
+    access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES)
+    access_token = create_access_token(
+        data={"sub": user.username, "scopes": form_data.scopes},
+        expires_delta=access_token_expires,
+    )
+    return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"}
+
+
+@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User)
+async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)):
+    return current_user
+
+
+@app.get("/users/me/items/")
+async def read_own_items(
+    current_user: User = Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"])
+):
+    return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}]
+
+
+@app.get("/status/")
+async def read_system_status(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)):
+    return {"status": "ok"}
--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial006.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial006.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+security = HTTPBasic()
+
+
+@app.get("/users/me")
+def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)):
+    return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}
--- a/docs/src/security/tutorial007.py
+++ b/docs/src/security/tutorial007.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException
+from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
+from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+security = HTTPBasic()
+
+
+def get_current_username(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)):
+    if credentials.username != "foo" or credentials.password != "password":
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
+            detail="Incorrect email or password",
+            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"},
+        )
+    return credentials.username
+
+
+@app.get("/users/me")
+def read_current_user(username: str = Depends(get_current_username)):
+    return {"username": username}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More