🔖 Release version 0.94.1

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>

.flake8

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-[flake8]
-max-line-length = 88
-select = C,E,F,W,B,B9
-ignore = E203, E501, W503
-exclude = __init__.py

.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/questions.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-name: Question or Problem
-description: Ask a question or ask about a problem
 labels: [question]
 body:
   - type: markdown
@@ -9,9 +7,9 @@ body:
 
         Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
 
-        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
+        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub is what consumes most of the time.
 
-        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
+        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling questions.
 
         All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
 
@@ -21,16 +19,16 @@ body:
 
         And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
 
-        As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
+        As there are too many questions, I'll have to discard and close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checks
     attributes:
       label: First Check
       description: Please confirm and check all the following options.
       options:
-        - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue.
+        - label: I added a very descriptive title here.
           required: true
-        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it.
+        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar question and didn't find it.
           required: true
         - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search.
           required: true
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer.
           required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic).
+        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic).
           required: true
         - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui).
           required: true
@@ -51,9 +49,9 @@ body:
       description: |
         After submitting this, I commit to one of:
 
-          * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
+          * Read open questions until I find 2 where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
           * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
-          * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
+          * Review one Pull Request by downloading the code and following [all the review process](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#review-pull-requests).
 
       options:
         - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -2,3 +2,15 @@ blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
   - name: Security Contact
     about: Please report security vulnerabilities to security@tiangolo.com
+  - name: Question or Problem
+    about: Ask a question or ask about a problem in GitHub Discussions.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions
+  - name: Feature Request
+    about: To suggest an idea or ask about a feature, please start with a question saying what you would like to achieve. There might be a way to do it already.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions
+  - name: Show and tell
+    about: Show what you built with FastAPI or to be used with FastAPI.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/show-and-tell
+  - name: Translations
+    about: Coordinate translations in GitHub Discussions.
+    url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/translations

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature Request
-description: Suggest an idea or ask for a feature that you would like to have in FastAPI
-labels: [enhancement]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
-
-        Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-
-        I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-
-        I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
-
-        All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
-
-        That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
-
-        By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-
-        And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
-
-        As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: checks
-    attributes:
-      label: First Check
-      description: Please confirm and check all the following options.
-      options:
-        - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue.
-          required: true
-        - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it.
-          required: true
-        - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already searched in Google "How to X in FastAPI" and didn't find any information.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer.
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic).
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui).
-          required: true
-        - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [ReDoc](https://github.com/Redocly/redoc).
-          required: true
-  - type: checkboxes
-    id: help
-    attributes:
-      label: Commit to Help
-      description: |
-        After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-
-          * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
-          * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
-          * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
-
-      options:
-        - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆
-          required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: example
-    attributes:
-      label: Example Code
-      description: |
-        Please add a self-contained, [minimal, reproducible, example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example) with your use case.
-
-        If I (or someone) can copy it, run it, and see it right away, there's a much higher chance I (or someone) will be able to help you.
-
-      placeholder: |
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-
-
-        @app.get("/")
-        def read_root():
-            return {"Hello": "World"}
-      render: python
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: |
-        What is your feature request?
-
-        Write a short description telling me what you are trying to solve and what you are currently doing.
-      placeholder: |
-        * Open the browser and call the endpoint `/`.
-        * It returns a JSON with `{"Hello": "World"}`.
-        * I would like it to have an extra parameter to teleport me to the moon and back.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: wanted-solution
-    attributes:
-      label: Wanted Solution
-      description: |
-        Tell me what's the solution you would like.
-      placeholder: |
-        I would like it to have a `teleport_to_moon` parameter that defaults to `False`, and can be set to `True` to teleport me.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: wanted-code
-    attributes:
-      label: Wanted Code
-      description: Show me an example of how you would want the code to look like.
-      placeholder: |
-        from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-        app = FastAPI()
-
-
-        @app.get("/", teleport_to_moon=True)
-        def read_root():
-            return {"Hello": "World"}
-      render: python
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: alternatives
-    attributes:
-      label: Alternatives
-      description: |
-        Tell me about alternatives you've considered.
-      placeholder: |
-        To wait for Space X moon travel plans to drop down long after they release them. But I would rather teleport.
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: os
-    attributes:
-      label: Operating System
-      description: What operating system are you on?
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - Windows
-        - macOS
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: os-details
-    attributes:
-      label: Operating System Details
-      description: You can add more details about your operating system here, in particular if you chose "Other".
-  - type: input
-    id: fastapi-version
-    attributes:
-      label: FastAPI Version
-      description: |
-        What FastAPI version are you using?
-
-        You can find the FastAPI version with:
-
-        ```bash
-        python -c "import fastapi; print(fastapi.__version__)"
-        ```
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: input
-    id: python-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Python Version
-      description: |
-        What Python version are you using?
-
-        You can find the Python version with:
-
-        ```bash
-        python --version
-        ```
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: context
-    attributes:
-      label: Additional Context
-      description: Add any additional context information or screenshots you think are useful.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/privileged.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Privileged
+description: You are @tiangolo or he asked you directly to create an issue here. If not, check the other options. 👇
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
+
+        If you are not @tiangolo or he didn't ask you directly to create an issue here, please start the conversation in a [Question in GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions) instead.
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: privileged
+    attributes:
+      label: Privileged issue
+      description: Confirm that you are allowed to create an issue here.
+      options:
+        - label: I'm @tiangolo or he asked me directly to create an issue here.
+          required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: content
+    attributes:
+      label: Issue Content
+      description: Add the content of the issue here.

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import logging
 import random
+import sys
 import time
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union, cast
 
-import yaml
+import httpx
 from github import Github
 from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
 
@@ -13,12 +14,172 @@ lang_all_label = "lang-all"
 approved_label = "approved-2"
 translations_path = Path(__file__).parent / "translations.yml"
 
+github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
+questions_translations_category_id = "DIC_kwDOCZduT84CT5P9"
+
+all_discussions_query = """
+query Q($category_id: ID) {
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    discussions(categoryId: $category_id, first: 100) {
+      nodes {
+        title
+        id
+        number
+        labels(first: 10) {
+          edges {
+            node {
+              id
+              name
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+translation_discussion_query = """
+query Q($after: String, $discussion_number: Int!) {
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    discussion(number: $discussion_number) {
+      comments(first: 100, after: $after) {
+        edges {
+          cursor
+          node {
+            id
+            url
+            body
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+add_comment_mutation = """
+mutation Q($discussion_id: ID!, $body: String!) {
+  addDiscussionComment(input: {discussionId: $discussion_id, body: $body}) {
+    comment {
+      id
+      url
+      body
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+update_comment_mutation = """
+mutation Q($comment_id: ID!, $body: String!) {
+  updateDiscussionComment(input: {commentId: $comment_id, body: $body}) {
+    comment {
+      id
+      url
+      body
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+
+class Comment(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    url: str
+    body: str
+
+
+class UpdateDiscussionComment(BaseModel):
+    comment: Comment
+
+
+class UpdateCommentData(BaseModel):
+    updateDiscussionComment: UpdateDiscussionComment
+
+
+class UpdateCommentResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: UpdateCommentData
+
+
+class AddDiscussionComment(BaseModel):
+    comment: Comment
+
+
+class AddCommentData(BaseModel):
+    addDiscussionComment: AddDiscussionComment
+
+
+class AddCommentResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: AddCommentData
+
+
+class CommentsEdge(BaseModel):
+    node: Comment
+    cursor: str
+
+
+class Comments(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[CommentsEdge]
+
+
+class CommentsDiscussion(BaseModel):
+    comments: Comments
+
+
+class CommentsRepository(BaseModel):
+    discussion: CommentsDiscussion
+
+
+class CommentsData(BaseModel):
+    repository: CommentsRepository
+
+
+class CommentsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: CommentsData
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsLabelNode(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+    name: str
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsLabelsEdge(BaseModel):
+    node: AllDiscussionsLabelNode
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsDiscussionLabels(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[AllDiscussionsLabelsEdge]
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode(BaseModel):
+    title: str
+    id: str
+    number: int
+    labels: AllDiscussionsDiscussionLabels
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsDiscussions(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode]
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsRepository(BaseModel):
+    discussions: AllDiscussionsDiscussions
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsData(BaseModel):
+    repository: AllDiscussionsRepository
+
+
+class AllDiscussionsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: AllDiscussionsData
+
 
 class Settings(BaseSettings):
     github_repository: str
     input_token: SecretStr
     github_event_path: Path
     github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None
+    httpx_timeout: int = 30
     input_debug: Union[bool, None] = False
 
 
@@ -30,6 +191,113 @@ class PartialGitHubEvent(BaseModel):
     pull_request: PartialGitHubEventIssue
 
 
+def get_graphql_response(
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    query: str,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+    category_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+    discussion_number: Union[int, None] = None,
+    discussion_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+    comment_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+    body: Union[str, None] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
+    # some fields are only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so
+    # keep them here for simplicity
+    variables = {
+        "after": after,
+        "category_id": category_id,
+        "discussion_number": discussion_number,
+        "discussion_id": discussion_id,
+        "comment_id": comment_id,
+        "body": body,
+    }
+    response = httpx.post(
+        github_graphql_url,
+        headers=headers,
+        timeout=settings.httpx_timeout,
+        json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
+    )
+    if response.status_code != 200:
+        logging.error(
+            f"Response was not 200, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}"
+        )
+        logging.error(response.text)
+        raise RuntimeError(response.text)
+    data = response.json()
+    if "errors" in data:
+        logging.error(f"Errors in response, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}")
+        logging.error(response.text)
+        raise RuntimeError(response.text)
+    return cast(Dict[str, Any], data)
+
+
+def get_graphql_translation_discussions(*, settings: Settings):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=all_discussions_query,
+        category_id=questions_translations_category_id,
+    )
+    graphql_response = AllDiscussionsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.nodes
+
+
+def get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges(
+    *, settings: Settings, discussion_number: int, after: Union[str, None] = None
+):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=translation_discussion_query,
+        discussion_number=discussion_number,
+        after=after,
+    )
+    graphql_response = CommentsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.discussion.comments.edges
+
+
+def get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments(
+    *, settings: Settings, discussion_number: int
+):
+    comment_nodes: List[Comment] = []
+    discussion_edges = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges(
+        settings=settings, discussion_number=discussion_number
+    )
+
+    while discussion_edges:
+        for discussion_edge in discussion_edges:
+            comment_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node)
+        last_edge = discussion_edges[-1]
+        discussion_edges = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges(
+            settings=settings,
+            discussion_number=discussion_number,
+            after=last_edge.cursor,
+        )
+    return comment_nodes
+
+
+def create_comment(*, settings: Settings, discussion_id: str, body: str):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=add_comment_mutation,
+        discussion_id=discussion_id,
+        body=body,
+    )
+    response = AddCommentResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return response.data.addDiscussionComment.comment
+
+
+def update_comment(*, settings: Settings, comment_id: str, body: str):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=update_comment_mutation,
+        comment_id=comment_id,
+        body=body,
+    )
+    response = UpdateCommentResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return response.data.updateDiscussionComment.comment
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     settings = Settings()
     if settings.input_debug:
@@ -45,60 +313,105 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
         )
     contents = settings.github_event_path.read_text()
     github_event = PartialGitHubEvent.parse_raw(contents)
-    translations_map: Dict[str, int] = yaml.safe_load(translations_path.read_text())
-    logging.debug(f"Using translations map: {translations_map}")
+
+    # Avoid race conditions with multiple labels
     sleep_time = random.random() * 10  # random number between 0 and 10 seconds
-    pr = repo.get_pull(github_event.pull_request.number)
-    logging.debug(
-        f"Processing PR: {pr.number}, with anti-race condition sleep time: {sleep_time}"
+    logging.info(
+        f"Sleeping for {sleep_time} seconds to avoid "
+        "race conditions and multiple comments"
     )
-    if pr.state == "open":
-        logging.debug(f"PR is open: {pr.number}")
-        label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()}
-        if lang_all_label in label_strs and awaiting_label in label_strs:
-            logging.info(
-                f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: {pr.number}"
-            )
-            if approved_label in label_strs:
-                message = (
-                    f"It seems this PR already has the approved label: {pr.number}"
-                )
-                logging.error(message)
-                raise RuntimeError(message)
-            langs = []
-            for label in label_strs:
-                if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label:
-                    langs.append(label[5:])
-            for lang in langs:
-                if lang in translations_map:
-                    num = translations_map[lang]
-                    logging.info(
-                        f"Found a translation issue for language: {lang} in issue: {num}"
-                    )
-                    issue = repo.get_issue(num)
-                    message = f"Good news everyone! 😉 There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} 🎉"
-                    already_notified = False
-                    time.sleep(sleep_time)
-                    logging.info(
-                        f"Sleeping for {sleep_time} seconds to avoid race conditions and multiple comments"
-                    )
-                    logging.info(
-                        f"Checking current comments in issue: {num} to see if already notified about this PR: {pr.number}"
-                    )
-                    for comment in issue.get_comments():
-                        if message in comment.body:
-                            already_notified = True
-                    if not already_notified:
-                        logging.info(
-                            f"Writing comment in issue: {num} about PR: {pr.number}"
-                        )
-                        issue.create_comment(message)
-                    else:
-                        logging.info(
-                            f"Issue: {num} was already notified of PR: {pr.number}"
-                        )
-    else:
+    time.sleep(sleep_time)
+
+    # Get PR
+    logging.debug(f"Processing PR: #{github_event.pull_request.number}")
+    pr = repo.get_pull(github_event.pull_request.number)
+    label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()}
+    langs = []
+    for label in label_strs:
+        if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label:
+            langs.append(label[5:])
+    logging.info(f"PR #{pr.number} has labels: {label_strs}")
+    if not langs or lang_all_label not in label_strs:
+        logging.info(f"PR #{pr.number} doesn't seem to be a translation PR, skipping")
+        sys.exit(0)
+
+    # Generate translation map, lang ID to discussion
+    discussions = get_graphql_translation_discussions(settings=settings)
+    lang_to_discussion_map: Dict[str, AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode] = {}
+    for discussion in discussions:
+        for edge in discussion.labels.edges:
+            label = edge.node.name
+            if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label:
+                lang = label[5:]
+                lang_to_discussion_map[lang] = discussion
+    logging.debug(f"Using translations map: {lang_to_discussion_map}")
+
+    # Messages to create or check
+    new_translation_message = f"Good news everyone! 😉 There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} by @{pr.user.login}. 🎉 This requires 2 approvals from native speakers to be merged. 🤓"
+    done_translation_message = f"~There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} by @{pr.user.login}~ Good job! This is done. 🍰☕"
+
+    # Normally only one language, but still
+    for lang in langs:
+        if lang not in lang_to_discussion_map:
+            log_message = f"Could not find discussion for language: {lang}"
+            logging.error(log_message)
+            raise RuntimeError(log_message)
+        discussion = lang_to_discussion_map[lang]
         logging.info(
-            f"Changing labels in a closed PR doesn't trigger comments, PR: {pr.number}"
+            f"Found a translation discussion for language: {lang} in discussion: #{discussion.number}"
         )
+
+        already_notified_comment: Union[Comment, None] = None
+        already_done_comment: Union[Comment, None] = None
+
+        logging.info(
+            f"Checking current comments in discussion: #{discussion.number} to see if already notified about this PR: #{pr.number}"
+        )
+        comments = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments(
+            settings=settings, discussion_number=discussion.number
+        )
+        for comment in comments:
+            if new_translation_message in comment.body:
+                already_notified_comment = comment
+            elif done_translation_message in comment.body:
+                already_done_comment = comment
+        logging.info(
+            f"Already notified comment: {already_notified_comment}, already done comment: {already_done_comment}"
+        )
+
+        if pr.state == "open" and awaiting_label in label_strs:
+            logging.info(
+                f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: #{pr.number}"
+            )
+            if already_notified_comment:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"This PR #{pr.number} was already notified in comment: {already_notified_comment.url}"
+                )
+            else:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"Writing notification comment about PR #{pr.number} in Discussion: #{discussion.number}"
+                )
+                comment = create_comment(
+                    settings=settings,
+                    discussion_id=discussion.id,
+                    body=new_translation_message,
+                )
+                logging.info(f"Notified in comment: {comment.url}")
+        elif pr.state == "closed" or approved_label in label_strs:
+            logging.info(f"Already approved or closed PR #{pr.number}")
+            if already_done_comment:
+                logging.info(
+                    f"This PR #{pr.number} was already marked as done in comment: {already_done_comment.url}"
+                )
+            elif already_notified_comment:
+                updated_comment = update_comment(
+                    settings=settings,
+                    comment_id=already_notified_comment.id,
+                    body=done_translation_message,
+                )
+                logging.info(f"Marked as done in comment: {updated_comment.url}")
+        else:
+            logging.info(
+                f"There doesn't seem to be anything to be done about PR #{pr.number}"
+            )
     logging.info("Finished")

.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-pt: 1211
-es: 1218
-zh: 1228
-ru: 1362
-it: 1556
-ja: 1572
-uk: 1748
-tr: 1892
-fr: 1972
-ko: 2017
-fa: 2041
-pl: 3169
-de: 3716
-id: 3717
-az: 3994
-nl: 4701
-uz: 4883
-sv: 5146
-he: 5157
-ta: 5434

.github/actions/people/app/main.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import sys
 from collections import Counter, defaultdict
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Union
+from typing import Any, Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Union
 
 import httpx
 import yaml
@@ -12,6 +12,50 @@ from github import Github
 from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
 
 github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
+questions_category_id = "MDE4OkRpc2N1c3Npb25DYXRlZ29yeTMyMDAxNDM0"
+
+discussions_query = """
+query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) {
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    discussions(first: 100, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) {
+      edges {
+        cursor
+        node {
+          number
+          author {
+            login
+            avatarUrl
+            url
+          }
+          title
+          createdAt
+          comments(first: 100) {
+            nodes {
+              createdAt
+              author {
+                login
+                avatarUrl
+                url
+              }
+              isAnswer
+              replies(first: 10) {
+                nodes {
+                  createdAt
+                  author {
+                    login
+                    avatarUrl
+                    url
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
 
 issues_query = """
 query Q($after: String) {
@@ -131,15 +175,30 @@ class Author(BaseModel):
     url: str
 
 
+# Issues and Discussions
+
+
 class CommentsNode(BaseModel):
     createdAt: datetime
     author: Union[Author, None] = None
 
 
+class Replies(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[CommentsNode]
+
+
+class DiscussionsCommentsNode(CommentsNode):
+    replies: Replies
+
+
 class Comments(BaseModel):
     nodes: List[CommentsNode]
 
 
+class DiscussionsComments(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[DiscussionsCommentsNode]
+
+
 class IssuesNode(BaseModel):
     number: int
     author: Union[Author, None] = None
@@ -149,27 +208,59 @@ class IssuesNode(BaseModel):
     comments: Comments
 
 
+class DiscussionsNode(BaseModel):
+    number: int
+    author: Union[Author, None] = None
+    title: str
+    createdAt: datetime
+    comments: DiscussionsComments
+
+
 class IssuesEdge(BaseModel):
     cursor: str
     node: IssuesNode
 
 
+class DiscussionsEdge(BaseModel):
+    cursor: str
+    node: DiscussionsNode
+
+
 class Issues(BaseModel):
     edges: List[IssuesEdge]
 
 
+class Discussions(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[DiscussionsEdge]
+
+
 class IssuesRepository(BaseModel):
     issues: Issues
 
 
+class DiscussionsRepository(BaseModel):
+    discussions: Discussions
+
+
 class IssuesResponseData(BaseModel):
     repository: IssuesRepository
 
 
+class DiscussionsResponseData(BaseModel):
+    repository: DiscussionsRepository
+
+
 class IssuesResponse(BaseModel):
     data: IssuesResponseData
 
 
+class DiscussionsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: DiscussionsResponseData
+
+
+# PRs
+
+
 class LabelNode(BaseModel):
     name: str
 
@@ -219,6 +310,9 @@ class PRsResponse(BaseModel):
     data: PRsResponseData
 
 
+# Sponsors
+
+
 class SponsorEntity(BaseModel):
     login: str
     avatarUrl: str
@@ -264,10 +358,16 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
 
 
 def get_graphql_response(
-    *, settings: Settings, query: str, after: Union[str, None] = None
-):
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    query: str,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+    category_id: Union[str, None] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
-    variables = {"after": after}
+    # category_id is only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so
+    # keep it here for simplicity
+    variables = {"after": after, "category_id": category_id}
     response = httpx.post(
         github_graphql_url,
         headers=headers,
@@ -275,10 +375,16 @@ def get_graphql_response(
         json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
     )
     if response.status_code != 200:
-        logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}")
+        logging.error(
+            f"Response was not 200, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}"
+        )
         logging.error(response.text)
         raise RuntimeError(response.text)
     data = response.json()
+    if "errors" in data:
+        logging.error(f"Errors in response, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}")
+        logging.error(response.text)
+        raise RuntimeError(response.text)
     return data
 
 
@@ -288,6 +394,21 @@ def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = Non
     return graphql_response.data.repository.issues.edges
 
 
+def get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
+    *,
+    settings: Settings,
+    after: Union[str, None] = None,
+):
+    data = get_graphql_response(
+        settings=settings,
+        query=discussions_query,
+        after=after,
+        category_id=questions_category_id,
+    )
+    graphql_response = DiscussionsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.edges
+
+
 def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None):
     data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=prs_query, after=after)
     graphql_response = PRsResponse.parse_obj(data)
@@ -300,7 +421,7 @@ def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = N
     return graphql_response.data.user.sponsorshipsAsMaintainer.edges
 
 
-def get_experts(settings: Settings):
+def get_issues_experts(settings: Settings):
     issue_nodes: List[IssuesNode] = []
     issue_edges = get_graphql_issue_edges(settings=settings)
 
@@ -326,13 +447,78 @@ def get_experts(settings: Settings):
         for comment in issue.comments.nodes:
             if comment.author:
                 authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
-                if comment.author.login == issue_author_name:
-                    continue
-                issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+                if comment.author.login != issue_author_name:
+                    issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
         for author_name in issue_commentors:
             commentors[author_name] += 1
             if issue.createdAt > one_month_ago:
                 last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1
+
+    return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
+
+
+def get_discussions_experts(settings: Settings):
+    discussion_nodes: List[DiscussionsNode] = []
+    discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(settings=settings)
+
+    while discussion_edges:
+        for discussion_edge in discussion_edges:
+            discussion_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node)
+        last_edge = discussion_edges[-1]
+        discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(
+            settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor
+        )
+
+    commentors = Counter()
+    last_month_commentors = Counter()
+    authors: Dict[str, Author] = {}
+
+    now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+    one_month_ago = now - timedelta(days=30)
+
+    for discussion in discussion_nodes:
+        discussion_author_name = None
+        if discussion.author:
+            authors[discussion.author.login] = discussion.author
+            discussion_author_name = discussion.author.login
+        discussion_commentors = set()
+        for comment in discussion.comments.nodes:
+            if comment.author:
+                authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
+                if comment.author.login != discussion_author_name:
+                    discussion_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+            for reply in comment.replies.nodes:
+                if reply.author:
+                    authors[reply.author.login] = reply.author
+                    if reply.author.login != discussion_author_name:
+                        discussion_commentors.add(reply.author.login)
+        for author_name in discussion_commentors:
+            commentors[author_name] += 1
+            if discussion.createdAt > one_month_ago:
+                last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1
+    return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
+
+
+def get_experts(settings: Settings):
+    # Migrated to only use GitHub Discussions
+    # (
+    #     issues_commentors,
+    #     issues_last_month_commentors,
+    #     issues_authors,
+    # ) = get_issues_experts(settings=settings)
+    (
+        discussions_commentors,
+        discussions_last_month_commentors,
+        discussions_authors,
+    ) = get_discussions_experts(settings=settings)
+    # commentors = issues_commentors + discussions_commentors
+    commentors = discussions_commentors
+    # last_month_commentors = (
+    #     issues_last_month_commentors + discussions_last_month_commentors
+    # )
+    last_month_commentors = discussions_last_month_commentors
+    # authors = {**issues_authors, **discussions_authors}
+    authors = {**discussions_authors}
     return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
 
 
@@ -425,22 +611,22 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}")
     g = Github(settings.input_standard_token.get_secret_value())
     repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository)
-    issue_commentors, issue_last_month_commentors, issue_authors = get_experts(
+    question_commentors, question_last_month_commentors, question_authors = get_experts(
         settings=settings
     )
     contributors, pr_commentors, reviewers, pr_authors = get_contributors(
         settings=settings
     )
-    authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors}
+    authors = {**question_authors, **pr_authors}
     maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"}
-    bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions"}
+    bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions", "pre-commit-ci", "dependabot"}
     maintainers = []
     for login in maintainers_logins:
         user = authors[login]
         maintainers.append(
             {
                 "login": login,
-                "answers": issue_commentors[login],
+                "answers": question_commentors[login],
                 "prs": contributors[login],
                 "avatarUrl": user.avatarUrl,
                 "url": user.url,
@@ -453,13 +639,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     min_count_reviewer = 4
     skip_users = maintainers_logins | bot_names
     experts = get_top_users(
-        counter=issue_commentors,
+        counter=question_commentors,
         min_count=min_count_expert,
         authors=authors,
         skip_users=skip_users,
     )
     last_month_active = get_top_users(
-        counter=issue_last_month_commentors,
+        counter=question_last_month_commentors,
         min_count=min_count_last_month,
         authors=authors,
         skip_users=skip_users,

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ on:
     types: [opened, synchronize]
 jobs:
   build-docs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Dump GitHub context
         env:
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
-          python-version: "3.7"
+          python-version: "3.11"
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: docs-zip
-          path: ./docs.zip
+          path: ./site/docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.4
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-branch: master

.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   pull_request_target:
     types:
       - labeled
+      - closed
 
 jobs:
   notify-translations:

.github/workflows/people.yml

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      # Ref: https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2033
+      - name: Fix git safe.directory in container
+        run: mkdir -p /home/runner/work/_temp/_github_home && printf "[safe]\n\tdirectory = /github/workspace" > /home/runner/work/_temp/_github_home/.gitconfig
       # Allow debugging with tmate
       - name: Setup tmate session
         uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3

.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml

@@ -11,21 +11,26 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Clean site
+        run: |
+          rm -rf ./site
+          mkdir ./site
       - name: Download Artifact Docs
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.24.0
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.26.0
         with:
           github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           workflow: build-docs.yml
           run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
           name: docs-zip
+          path: ./site/
       - name: Unzip docs
         run: |
-          rm -rf ./site
+          cd ./site
           unzip docs.zip
           rm -f docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
         id: netlify
-        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.2.4
+        uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v2.0.0
         with:
           publish-dir: './site'
           production-deploy: false

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.7"
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build distribution
         run: python -m build
       - name: Publish
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.5.1
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.6.4
         with:
           password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
       - name: Dump GitHub context

.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Smokeshow
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [Test]
+    types: [completed]
+
+permissions:
+  statuses: write
+
+jobs:
+  smokeshow:
+    if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.9'
+
+      - run: pip install smokeshow
+
+      - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.26.0
+        with:
+          workflow: test.yml
+          commit: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
+
+      - run: smokeshow upload coverage-html
+        env:
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_STATUS_DESCRIPTION: Coverage {coverage-percentage}
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD: 100
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_CONTEXT: coverage
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
+          SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY: ${{ secrets.SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY }}

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+        python-version: ["3.7", "3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
@@ -21,17 +21,73 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v02
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test-v03
       - name: Install Dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install -e .[all,dev,doc,test]
       - name: Lint
         run: bash scripts/lint.sh
+      - run: mkdir coverage
       - name: Test
         run: bash scripts/test.sh
-      - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+        env:
+          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Store coverage files
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage
+          path: coverage
+  coverage-combine:
+    needs: [test]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.8'
+          cache: "pip"
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
+
+      - name: Get coverage files
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage
+          path: coverage
+
+      - run: pip install coverage[toml]
+
+      - run: ls -la coverage
+      - run: coverage combine coverage
+      - run: coverage report
+      - run: coverage html --show-contexts --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}"
+
+      - name: Store coverage HTML
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: coverage-html
+          path: htmlcov
+
+  # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/alls-green#why
+  check:  # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection
+
+    if: always()
+
+    needs:
+      - coverage-combine
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed
+        uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1
+        with:
+          jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 # See https://pre-commit.com for more information
 # See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
+default_language_version:
+    python: python3.10
 repos:
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.3.0
+    rev: v4.4.0
     hooks:
     -   id: check-added-large-files
     -   id: check-toml
@@ -12,27 +14,20 @@ repos:
     -   id: end-of-file-fixer
     -   id: trailing-whitespace
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.1.0
+    rev: v3.3.1
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
         args:
         - --py3-plus
         - --keep-runtime-typing
--   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/autoflake
-    rev: v1.7.7
+-   repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.0.254
     hooks:
-    -   id: autoflake
+    -   id: ruff
         args:
-        - --recursive
-        - --in-place
-        - --remove-all-unused-imports
-        - --remove-unused-variables
-        - --expand-star-imports
-        - --exclude
-        - __init__.py
-        - --remove-duplicate-keys
+        - --fix
 -   repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
-    rev: 5.10.1
+    rev: 5.12.0
     hooks:
     -   id: isort
         name: isort (python)
@@ -43,7 +38,7 @@ repos:
         name: isort (pyi)
         types: [pyi]
 -   repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 22.10.0
+    rev: 23.1.0
     hooks:
     -   id: black
 ci:

README.md

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
 </a>
-<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
 </a>
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ The key features are:
 <a href="https://bit.ly/3dmXC5S" target="_blank" title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/docarray.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C" target="_blank" title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://cryptapi.io/" target="_blank" title="CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg"></a>
-<a href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank" title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses" target="_blank" title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
 <a href="https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/" target="_blank" title="Learn to build high-quality web apps with best practices"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/" target="_blank" title="Build powerful search from composable, open source building blocks"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/haystack-fastapi.svg"></a>
 <a href="https://www.udemy.com/course/fastapi-rest/" target="_blank" title="Learn FastAPI by building a complete project. Extend your knowledge on advanced web development-AWS, Payments, Emails."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg"></a>
-<a href="https://careers.budget-insight.com/" target="_blank" title="Budget Insight is hiring!"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/budget-insight.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://careers.powens.com/" target="_blank" title="Powens is hiring!"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/powens.png"></a>
+<a href="https://www.svix.com/" target="_blank" title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
 
 <!-- /sponsors -->
 
@@ -102,6 +102,12 @@ The key features are:
 
 ---
 
+"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
 ## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
 
 <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
@@ -427,7 +433,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -447,7 +453,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/az/docs/index.md

@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/az/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/de/docs/features.md

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nu
 * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung.
 * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess.
 * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren.
-* Testclient basierend auf `requests`.
+* Testclient basierend auf HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, statische Dateien, Antwortfluss.
 * **Sitzungs und Cookie** Unterstützung.
 * 100% Testabdeckung.

docs/de/docs/index.md

@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/de/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -112,6 +114,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -132,6 +136,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/en/data/external_links.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 articles:
   english:
+  - author: Raf Rasenberg
+    author_link: https://rafrasenberg.com/about/
+    link: https://rafrasenberg.com/fastapi-lambda/
+    title: 'FastAPI lambda container: serverless simplified'
+  - author: Teresa N. Fontanella De Santis
+    author_link: https://dev.to/
+    link: https://dev.to/teresafds/authorization-on-fastapi-with-casbin-41og
+    title: Authorization on FastAPI with Casbin
   - author: WayScript
     author_link: https://www.wayscript.com
     link: https://blog.wayscript.com/fast-api-quickstart/
@@ -300,6 +308,11 @@ articles:
     author_link: https://fullstackstation.com/author/figonking/
     link: https://fullstackstation.com/fastapi-trien-khai-bang-docker/
     title: 'FASTAPI: TRIỂN KHAI BẰNG DOCKER'
+  taiwanese:
+  - author: Leon
+    author_link: http://editor.leonh.space/
+    link: https://editor.leonh.space/2022/tortoise/
+    title: 'Tortoise ORM / FastAPI 整合快速筆記'
 podcasts:
   english:
   - author: Podcast.`__init__`

docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml

@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ sponsors:
 - - login: jina-ai
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60539444?v=4
     url: https://github.com/jina-ai
-- - login: Doist
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2565372?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/Doist
-  - login: cryptapi
+- - login: armand-sauzay
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35524799?u=56e3e944bfe62770d1709c09552d2efc6d285ca6&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/armand-sauzay
+- - login: cryptapi
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44925437?u=61369138589bc7fee6c417f3fbd50fbd38286cc4&v=4
     url: https://github.com/cryptapi
-- - login: ObliviousAI
+- - login: nihpo
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1841030?u=0264956d7580f7e46687a762a7baa629f84cf97c&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/nihpo
+  - login: ObliviousAI
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65656077?v=4
     url: https://github.com/ObliviousAI
-  - login: Lovage-Labs
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71685552?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/Lovage-Labs
   - login: chaserowbotham
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/97751084?v=4
     url: https://github.com/chaserowbotham
@@ -29,27 +29,27 @@ sponsors:
   - login: investsuite
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/73833632?v=4
     url: https://github.com/investsuite
+  - login: svix
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/80175132?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/svix
   - login: VincentParedes
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/103889729?v=4
     url: https://github.com/VincentParedes
+- - login: getsentry
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1396951?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/getsentry
 - - login: InesIvanova
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22920417?u=409882ec1df6dbd77455788bb383a8de223dbf6f&v=4
     url: https://github.com/InesIvanova
-- - login: zopyx
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/594239?u=8e5ce882664f47fd61002bed51718c78c3799d24&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/zopyx
-  - login: SendCloud
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7831959?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/SendCloud
-  - login: mercedes-benz
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34240465?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/mercedes-benz
+- - login: vyos
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5647000?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/vyos
+  - login: takashi-yoneya
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33813153?u=2d0522bceba0b8b69adf1f2db866503bd96f944e&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/takashi-yoneya
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     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/74335107?v=4
     url: https://github.com/xoflare
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-    url: https://github.com/Striveworks
   - login: BoostryJP
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57932412?v=4
     url: https://github.com/BoostryJP
@@ -59,45 +59,48 @@ sponsors:
   - login: HiredScore
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3908850?v=4
     url: https://github.com/HiredScore
+  - login: ianshan0915
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5893101?u=a178d247d882578b1d1ef214b2494e52eb28634c&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/ianshan0915
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     url: https://github.com/Trivie
-  - login: wdwinslow
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-    url: https://github.com/wdwinslow
+  - login: Lovage-Labs
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71685552?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/Lovage-Labs
 - - login: moellenbeck
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/169372?v=4
     url: https://github.com/moellenbeck
+  - login: birkjernstrom
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/281715?u=4be14b43f76b4bd497b1941309bb390250b405e6&v=4
+    url: https://github.com/birkjernstrom
+  - login: AccentDesign
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2429332?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/AccentDesign
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     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3329665?u=ec6a9adf8e7e8e306eed7d49687c398608d1604f&v=4
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-  - login: Vikka
+  - login: dorianturba
     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/9381120?u=4bfc7032a824d1ed1994aa8256dfa597c8f187ad&v=4
-    url: https://github.com/Vikka
+    url: https://github.com/dorianturba
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-- - login: A-Edge
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/59514131?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/A-Edge
+- - login: indeedeng
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2905043?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/indeedeng
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-  - login: alexsantos
-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/932219?v=4
-    url: https://github.com/alexsantos
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/901651?u=460bc34ac298dca9870aafe3a1560a2ae789bc4a&v=4
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25122511?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/SebTota
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+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25708487?u=cda07434f0509ac728d9edf5e681117c0f6b818b&v=4
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+  - login: joerambo
+    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26282974?v=4
+    url: https://github.com/joerambo
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+    url: https://github.com/bnkc
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     avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36180226?v=4
     url: https://github.com/declon
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-    avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40308458?u=9ddf8023ca3326381ba8fb77285ae36598a15de3&v=4
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     url: https://github.com/arrrrrmin
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-    url: https://github.com/zahariev-webbersof

docs/en/data/people.yml

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-  prs: 338
+  answers: 1827
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 - login: blt232018
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43393471?u=172b0e0391db1aa6c1706498d6dfcb003c8a4857&v=4
@@ -496,27 +536,3 @@ top_reviewers:
   count: 8
   avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5690226?v=4
   url: https://github.com/rogerbrinkmann
-- login: NinaHwang
-  count: 8
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79563565?u=1741703bd6c8f491503354b363a86e879b4c1cab&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/NinaHwang
-- login: dimaqq
-  count: 8
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/662249?v=4
-  url: https://github.com/dimaqq
-- login: Serrones
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22691749?u=4795b880e13ca33a73e52fc0ef7dc9c60c8fce47&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/Serrones
-- login: jovicon
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/21287303?u=b049eac3e51a4c0473c2efe66b4d28a7d8f2b572&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/jovicon
-- login: ryuckel
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36391432?u=094eec0cfddd5013f76f31e55e56147d78b19553&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/ryuckel
-- login: NastasiaSaby
-  count: 7
-  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8245071?u=b3afd005f9e4bf080c219ef61a592b3a8004b764&v=4
-  url: https://github.com/NastasiaSaby

docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ gold:
   - url: https://cryptapi.io/
     title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway."
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg
-  - url: https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python
-    title: Help us migrate doist to FastAPI
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/doist.svg
 silver:
   - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
     title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
@@ -30,9 +27,12 @@ silver:
   - url: https://www.udemy.com/course/fastapi-rest/
     title: Learn FastAPI by building a complete project. Extend your knowledge on advanced web development-AWS, Payments, Emails.
     img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg
-  - url: https://careers.budget-insight.com/
-    title: Budget Insight is hiring!
-    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/budget-insight.svg
+  - url: https://careers.powens.com/
+    title: Powens is hiring!
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/powens.png
+  - url: https://www.svix.com/
+    title: Svix - Webhooks as a service
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg
 bronze:
   - url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source
     title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy.

docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml

@@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ logins:
   - BLUE-DEVIL1134
   - ObliviousAI
   - Doist
+  - nihpo
+  - svix
+  - armand-sauzay

docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Async Tests
 
-You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`, but with it, you can't test or run any other `async` function in your (synchronous) pytest functions.
+You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions.
 
 Being able to use asynchronous functions in your tests could be useful, for example, when you're querying your database asynchronously. Imagine you want to test sending requests to your FastAPI application and then verify that your backend successfully wrote the correct data in the database, while using an async database library.
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Let's look at how we can make that work.
 
 ## pytest.mark.anyio
 
-If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. Anyio provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.
+If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. AnyIO provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.
 
 ## HTTPX
 
@@ -16,13 +16,7 @@ Even if your **FastAPI** application uses normal `def` functions instead of `asy
 
 The `TestClient` does some magic inside to call the asynchronous FastAPI application in your normal `def` test functions, using standard pytest. But that magic doesn't work anymore when we're using it inside asynchronous functions. By running our tests asynchronously, we can no longer use the `TestClient` inside our test functions.
 
-Luckily there's a nice alternative, called <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>.
-
-HTTPX is an HTTP client for Python 3 that allows us to query our FastAPI application similarly to how we did it with the `TestClient`.
-
-If you're familiar with the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a> library, you'll find that the API of HTTPX is almost identical.
-
-The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchronous, but can also make asynchronous requests.
+The `TestClient` is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, and luckily, we can use it directly to test the API.
 
 ## Example
 
@@ -85,7 +79,7 @@ This is the equivalent to:
 response = client.get('/')
 ```
 
-that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`.
+...that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`.
 
 !!! tip
     Note that we're using async/await with the new `AsyncClient` - the request is asynchronous.

docs/en/docs/advanced/events.md

@@ -1,13 +1,108 @@
-# Events: startup - shutdown
+# Lifespan Events
+
+You can define logic (code) that should be executed before the application **starts up**. This means that this code will be executed **once**, **before** the application **starts receiving requests**.
+
+The same way, you can define logic (code) that should be executed when the application is **shutting down**. In this case, this code will be executed **once**, **after** having handled possibly **many requests**.
+
+Because this code is executed before the application **starts** taking requests, and right after it **finishes** handling requests, it covers the whole application **lifespan** (the word "lifespan" will be important in a second 😉).
+
+This can be very useful for setting up **resources** that you need to use for the whole app, and that are **shared** among requests, and/or that you need to **clean up** afterwards. For example, a database connection pool, or loading a shared machine learning model.
+
+## Use Case
+
+Let's start with an example **use case** and then see how to solve it with this.
+
+Let's imagine that you have some **machine learning models** that you want to use to handle requests. 🤖
+
+The same models are shared among requests, so, it's not one model per request, or one per user or something similar.
+
+Let's imagine that loading the model can **take quite some time**, because it has to read a lot of **data from disk**. So you don't want to do it for every request.
+
+You could load it at the top level of the module/file, but that would also mean that it would **load the model** even if you are just running a simple automated test, then that test would be **slow** because it would have to wait for the model to load before being able to run an independent part of the code.
+
+That's what we'll solve, let's load the model before the requests are handled, but only right before the application starts receiving requests, not while  the code is being loaded.
+
+## Lifespan
+
+You can define this *startup* and *shutdown* logic using the `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app, and a "context manager" (I'll show you what that is in a second).
+
+Let's start with an example and then see it in detail.
+
+We create an async function `lifespan()` with `yield` like this:
+
+```Python hl_lines="16  19"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+Here we are simulating the expensive *startup* operation of loading the model by putting the (fake) model function in the dictionary with machine learning models before the `yield`. This code will be executed **before** the application **starts taking requests**, during the *startup*.
+
+And then, right after the `yield`, we unload the model. This code will be executed **after** the application **finishes handling requests**, right before the *shutdown*. This could, for example, release resources like memory or a GPU.
+
+!!! tip
+    The `shutdown` would happen when you are **stopping** the application.
+
+    Maybe you need to start a new version, or you just got tired of running it. 🤷
+
+### Lifespan function
+
+The first thing to notice, is that we are defining an async function with `yield`. This is very similar to Dependencies with `yield`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="14-19"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+The first part of the function, before the `yield`, will be executed **before** the application starts.
+
+And the part after the `yield` will be executed **after** the application has finished.
+
+### Async Context Manager
+
+If you check, the function is decorated with an `@asynccontextmanager`.
+
+That converts the function into something called an "**async context manager**".
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  13"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+A **context manager** in Python is something that you can use in a `with` statement, for example, `open()` can be used as a context manager:
+
+```Python
+with open("file.txt") as file:
+    file.read()
+```
+
+In recent versions of Python, there's also an **async context manager**. You would use it with `async with`:
+
+```Python
+async with lifespan(app):
+    await do_stuff()
+```
+
+When you create a context manager or an async context manager like above, what it does is that, before entering the `with` block, it will execute the code before the `yield`, and after exiting the `with` block, it will execute the code after the `yield`.
+
+In our code example above, we don't use it directly, but we pass it to FastAPI for it to use it.
+
+The `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app takes an **async context manager**, so we can pass our new `lifespan` async context manager to it.
+
+```Python hl_lines="22"
+{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+## Alternative Events (deprecated)
+
+!!! warning
+    The recommended way to handle the *startup* and *shutdown* is using the `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app as described above.
+
+    You can probably skip this part.
+
+There's an alternative way to define this logic to be executed during *startup* and during *shutdown*.
 
 You can define event handlers (functions) that need to be executed before the application starts up, or when the application is shutting down.
 
 These functions can be declared with `async def` or normal `def`.
 
-!!! warning
-    Only event handlers for the main application will be executed, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-## `startup` event
+### `startup` event
 
 To add a function that should be run before the application starts, declare it with the event `"startup"`:
 
@@ -21,7 +116,7 @@ You can add more than one event handler function.
 
 And your application won't start receiving requests until all the `startup` event handlers have completed.
 
-## `shutdown` event
+### `shutdown` event
 
 To add a function that should be run when the application is shutting down, declare it with the event `"shutdown"`:
 
@@ -43,5 +138,25 @@ Here, the `shutdown` event handler function will write a text line `"Application
 
     So, we declare the event handler function with standard `def` instead of `async def`.
 
+### `startup` and `shutdown` together
+
+There's a high chance that the logic for your *startup* and *shutdown* is connected, you might want to start something and then finish it, acquire a resource and then release it, etc.
+
+Doing that in separated functions that don't share logic or variables together is more difficult as you would need to store values in global variables or similar tricks.
+
+Because of that, it's now recommended to instead use the `lifespan` as explained above.
+
+## Technical Details
+
+Just a technical detail for the curious nerds. 🤓
+
+Underneath, in the ASGI technical specification, this is part of the <a href="https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">Lifespan Protocol</a>, and it defines events called `startup` and `shutdown`.
+
 !!! info
-    You can read more about these event handlers in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/events/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's  Events' docs</a>.
+    You can read more about the Starlette `lifespan` handlers in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/lifespan/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's  Lifespan' docs</a>.
+
+    Including how to handle lifespan state that can be used in other areas of your code.
+
+## Sub Applications
+
+🚨 Have in mind that these lifespan events (startup and shutdown) will only be executed for the main application, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order
 
 The following arguments are supported:
 
-* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains to allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
+* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains. To allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware.
 
 If an incoming request does not validate correctly then a `400` response will be sent.
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ There are many other ASGI middlewares.
 
 For example:
 
-* <a href="https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/asgi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Sentry</a>
+* <a href="https://docs.sentry.io/platforms/python/guides/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Sentry</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn's `ProxyHeadersMiddleware`</a>
 * <a href="https://github.com/florimondmanca/msgpack-asgi" class="external-link" target="_blank">MessagePack</a>
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It could be just one or two lines of code, like:
 
 ```Python
 callback_url = "https://example.com/api/v1/invoices/events/"
-requests.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True})
+httpx.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True})
 ```
 
 But possibly the most important part of the callback is making sure that your API user (the external developer) implements the *external API* correctly, according to the data that *your API* is going to send in the request body of the callback, etc.
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This example doesn't implement the callback itself (that could be just a line of
 !!! tip
     The actual callback is just an HTTP request.
 
-    When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.encode.io/httpx/" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>.
+    When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> or <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>.
 
 ## Write the callback documentation code
 

docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -112,17 +112,15 @@ In WebSocket endpoints you can import from `fastapi` and use:
 
 They work the same way as for other FastAPI endpoints/*path operations*:
 
-```Python hl_lines="58-65  68-83"
+```Python hl_lines="66-77  76-91"
 {!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
 ```
 
 !!! info
-    In a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`. So it's better to close the WebSocket connection directly.
+    As this is a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`, instead we raise a `WebSocketException`.
 
     You can use a closing code from the <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">valid codes defined in the specification</a>.
 
-    In the future, there will be a `WebSocketException` that you will be able to `raise` from anywhere, and add exception handlers for it. It depends on the <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527" class="external-link" target="_blank">PR #527</a> in Starlette.
-
 ### Try the WebSockets with dependencies
 
 If your file is named `main.py`, run your application with:

docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ It has:
 * WebSocket support.
 * In-process background tasks.
 * Startup and shutdown events.
-* Test client built on requests.
+* Test client built on HTTPX.
 * CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * Session and Cookie support.
 * 100% test coverage.

docs/en/docs/async.md

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ For example:
 
 ### Concurrency + Parallelism: Web + Machine Learning
 
-With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attractive of NodeJS).
+With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attraction of NodeJS).
 
 But you can also exploit the benefits of parallelism and multiprocessing (having multiple processes running in parallel) for **CPU bound** workloads like those in Machine Learning systems.
 

docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Here are some possible combinations and strategies:
     * One Uvicorn **process manager** would listen on the **IP** and **port**, and it would start **multiple Uvicorn worker processes**
 * **Kubernetes** and other distributed **container systems**
     * Something in the **Kubernetes** layer would listen on the **IP** and **port**. The replication would be by having **multiple containers**, each with **one Uvicorn process** running
-* **Cloud services** that handle this for your
+* **Cloud services** that handle this for you
     * The cloud service will probably **handle replication for you**. It would possibly let you define **a process to run**, or a **container image** to use, in any case, it would most probably be **a single Uvicorn process**, and the cloud service would be in charge of replicating it.
 
 !!! tip

docs/en/docs/external-links.md

@@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ Here's an incomplete list of some of them.
 {% endfor %}
 {% endif %}
 
+### Taiwanese
+
+{% if external_links %}
+{% for article in external_links.articles.taiwanese %}
+
+* <a href="{{ article.link }}" class="external-link" target="_blank">{{ article.title }}</a> by <a href="{{ article.author_link }}" class="external-link" target="_blank">{{ article.author }}</a>.
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
 ## Podcasts
 
 {% if external_links %}

docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ I'm the creator and maintainer of **FastAPI**. You can read more about that in [
 
 These are the people that:
 
-* [Help others with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* [Help others with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 * [Create Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 * Review Pull Requests, [especially important for translations](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ A round of applause to them. 👏 🙇
 
 ## Most active users last month
 
-These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕
+These are the users that have been [helping others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕
 
 {% if people %}
 <div class="user-list user-list-center">
 {% for user in people.last_month_active %}
 
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
 {% endfor %}
 
 </div>
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questio
 
 Here are the **FastAPI Experts**. 🤓
 
-These are the users that have [helped others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*.
+These are the users that have [helped others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*.
 
 They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
 <div class="user-list user-list-center">
 {% for user in people.experts %}
 
-<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
 {% endfor %}
 
 </div>
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ They are supporting my work with **FastAPI** (and others), mainly through <a hre
 
 The main intention of this page is to highlight the effort of the community to help others.
 
-Especially including efforts that are normally less visible, and in many cases more arduous, like helping others with issues and reviewing Pull Requests with translations.
+Especially including efforts that are normally less visible, and in many cases more arduous, like helping others with questions and reviewing Pull Requests with translations.
 
 The data is calculated each month, you can read the <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">source code here</a>.
 

docs/en/docs/features.md

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Starlette**'s features (as FastAPI is just Sta
 * **WebSocket** support.
 * In-process background tasks.
 * Startup and shutdown events.
-* Test client built on `requests`.
+* Test client built on HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * **Session and Cookie** support.
 * 100% test coverage.

docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ You can:
 * <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **GitHub**</a>.
     * See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you.
     * Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project.
-* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a>.
+* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **Twitter**</a> or <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mastodon</a>.
     * Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that).
     * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools.
     * You can also <a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">follow @fastapi on Twitter</a> (a separate account).
@@ -67,29 +67,129 @@ I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what you have liked in it, i
 
 * <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>.
 * <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
+* <a href="https://stackshare.io/pypi-fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Say you use **FastAPI** on StackShare</a>.
 
-## Help others with issues in GitHub
+## Help others with questions in GitHub
 
-You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others, most of the times they are questions that you might already know the answer for. 🤓
+You can try and help others with their questions in:
 
-If you are helping a lot of people with issues, you might become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions?discussions_q=category%3AQuestions+is%3Aunanswered" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Aquestion+-label%3Aanswered+" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Issues</a>
+
+In many cases you might already know the answer for those questions. 🤓
+
+If you are helping a lot of people with their questions, you will become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+
+Just remember, the most important point is: try to be kind. People come with their frustrations and in many cases don't ask in the best way, but try as best as you can to be kind. 🤗
+
+The idea is for the **FastAPI** community to be kind and welcoming. At the same time, don't accept bullying or disrespectful behavior towards others. We have to take care of each other.
+
+---
+
+Here's how to help others with questions (in discussions or issues):
+
+### Understand the question
+
+* Check if you can understand what is the **purpose** and use case of the person asking.
+
+* Then check if the question (the vast majority are questions) is **clear**.
+
+* In many cases the question asked is about an imaginary solution from the user, but there might be a **better** one. If you can understand the problem and use case better, you might be able to suggest a better **alternative solution**.
+
+* If you can't understand the question, ask for more **details**.
+
+### Reproduce the problem
+
+For most of the cases and most of the questions there's something related to the person's **original code**.
+
+In many cases they will only copy a fragment of the code, but that's not enough to **reproduce the problem**.
+
+* You can ask them to provide a <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example" class="external-link" target="_blank">minimal, reproducible, example</a>, that you can **copy-paste** and run locally to see the same error or behavior they are seeing, or to understand their use case better.
+
+* If you are feeling too generous, you can try to **create an example** like that yourself, just based on the description of the problem. Just have in mind that this might take a lot of time and it might be better to ask them to clarify the problem first.
+
+### Suggest solutions
+
+* After being able to understand the question, you can give them a possible **answer**.
+
+* In many cases, it's better to understand their **underlying problem or use case**, because there might be a better way to solve it than what they are trying to do.
+
+### Ask to close
+
+If they reply, there's a high chance you would have solved their problem, congrats, **you're a hero**! 🦸
+
+* Now, if that solved their problem, you can ask them to:
+
+    * In GitHub Discussions: mark the comment as the **answer**.
+    * In GitHub Issues: **close** the issue**.
 
 ## Watch the GitHub repository
 
 You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
 
-If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue.
+If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue or question. You can also specify that you only want to be notified about new issues, or discussions, or PRs, etc.
 
-Then you can try and help them solve those issues.
+Then you can try and help them solve those questions.
 
-## Create issues
+## Ask Questions
 
-You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a new issue</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
+You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a new question</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
 
 * Ask a **question** or ask about a **problem**.
 * Suggest a new **feature**.
 
-**Note**: if you create an issue, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
+**Note**: if you do it, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
+
+## Review Pull Requests
+
+You can help me review pull requests from others.
+
+Again, please try your best to be kind. 🤗
+
+---
+
+Here's what to have in mind and how to review a pull request:
+
+### Understand the problem
+
+* First, make sure you **understand the problem** that the pull request is trying to solve. It might have a longer discussion in a GitHub Discussion or issue.
+
+* There's also a good chance that the pull request is not actually needed because the problem can be solved in a **different way**. Then you can suggest or ask about that.
+
+### Don't worry about style
+
+* Don't worry too much about things like commit message styles, I will squash and merge customizing the commit manually.
+
+* Also don't worry about style rules, there are already automatized tools checking that.
+
+And if there's any other style or consistency need, I'll ask directly for that, or I'll add commits on top with the needed changes.
+
+### Check the code
+
+* Check and read the code, see if it makes sense, **run it locally** and see if it actually solves the problem.
+
+* Then **comment** saying that you did that, that's how I will know you really checked it.
+
+!!! info
+    Unfortunately, I can't simply trust PRs that just have several approvals.
+
+    Several times it has happened that there are PRs with 3, 5 or more approvals, probably because the description is appealing, but when I check the PRs, they are actually broken, have a bug, or don't solve the problem they claim to solve. 😅
+
+    So, it's really important that you actually read and run the code, and let me know in the comments that you did. 🤓
+
+* If the PR can be simplified in a way, you can ask for that, but there's no need to be too picky, there might be a lot of subjective points of view (and I will have my own as well 🙈), so it's better if you can focus on the fundamental things.
+
+### Tests
+
+* Help me check that the PR has **tests**.
+
+* Check that the tests **fail** before the PR. 🚨
+
+* Then check that the tests **pass** after the PR. ✅
+
+* Many PRs don't have tests, you can **remind** them to add tests, or you can even **suggest** some tests yourself. That's one of the things that consume most time and you can help a lot with that.
+
+* Then also comment what you tried, that way I'll know that you checked it. 🤓
 
 ## Create a Pull Request
 
@@ -102,14 +202,32 @@ You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the sourc
     * You can also help to review the translations created by others.
 * To propose new documentation sections.
 * To fix an existing issue/bug.
+    * Make sure to add tests.
 * To add a new feature.
+    * Make sure to add tests.
+    * Make sure to add documentation if it's relevant.
+
+## Help Maintain FastAPI
+
+Help me maintain **FastAPI**! 🤓
+
+There's a lot of work to do, and for most of it, **YOU** can do it.
+
+The main tasks that you can do right now are:
+
+* [Help others with questions in GitHub](#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
+* [Review Pull Requests](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above).
+
+Those two tasks are what **consume time the most**. That's the main work of maintaining FastAPI.
+
+If you can help me with that, **you are helping me maintain FastAPI** and making sure it keeps **advancing faster and better**. 🚀
 
 ## Join the chat
 
 Join the 👥 <a href="https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf" class="external-link" target="_blank">Discord chat server</a> 👥 and hang out with others in the FastAPI community.
 
 !!! tip
-    For questions, ask them in <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub issues</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+    For questions, ask them in <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/new?category=questions" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Discussions</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
     Use the chat only for other general conversations.
 
@@ -119,9 +237,9 @@ There is also the previous <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" class="e
 
 Have in mind that as chats allow more "free conversation", it's easy to ask questions that are too general and more difficult to answer, so, you might not receive answers.
 
-In GitHub issues the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
+In GitHub, the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
 
-Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub issues count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub issues.
+Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub.
 
 On the other side, there are thousands of users in the chat systems, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄
 

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docs/en/docs/index.md

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
 </a>
-<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/tiangolo/fastapi?color=%2334D058" alt="Coverage">
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
 </a>
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
@@ -99,6 +99,12 @@ The key features are:
 
 ---
 
+"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
 ## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
 
 <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
@@ -424,7 +430,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -444,7 +450,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/en/docs/project-generation.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Project Generation - Template
 
-You can use a project generator to get started, as it includes a lot of the initial set up, security, database and first API endpoints already done for you.
+You can use a project generator to get started, as it includes a lot of the initial set up, security, database and some API endpoints already done for you.
 
 A project generator will always have a very opinionated setup that you should update and adapt for your own needs, but it might be a good starting point for your project.
 

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -3,6 +3,352 @@
 ## Latest Changes
 
 
+## 0.94.1
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🎨 Fix types for lifespan, upgrade Starlette to 0.26.1. PR [#9245](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9245) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.94.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆ Upgrade python-multipart to support 0.0.6. PR [#9212](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9212) by [@musicinmybrain](https://github.com/musicinmybrain).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette version, support new `lifespan` with state. PR [#9239](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9239) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Update Sentry link in docs. PR [#9218](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9218) by [@smeubank](https://github.com/smeubank).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/history-design-future.md`. PR [#5986](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5986) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ➕ Add `pydantic` to PyPI classifiers. PR [#5914](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5914) by [@yezz123](https://github.com/yezz123).
+* ⬆ Bump black from 22.10.0 to 23.1.0. PR [#5953](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5953) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump types-ujson from 5.6.0.0 to 5.7.0.1. PR [#6027](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6027) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.3 to 2.26.0. PR [#6034](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6034) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5709](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5709) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+
+## 0.93.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for `lifespan` async context managers (superseding `startup` and `shutdown` events). Initial PR [#2944](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2944) by [@uSpike](https://github.com/uSpike).
+
+Now, instead of using independent `startup` and `shutdown` events, you can define that logic in a single function with `yield` decorated with `@asynccontextmanager` (an async context manager).
+
+For example:
+
+```Python
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+
+def fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model(x: float):
+    return x * 42
+
+
+ml_models = {}
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
+    # Load the ML model
+    ml_models["answer_to_everything"] = fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model
+    yield
+    # Clean up the ML models and release the resources
+    ml_models.clear()
+
+
+app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
+
+
+@app.get("/predict")
+async def predict(x: float):
+    result = ml_models["answer_to_everything"](x)
+    return {"result": result}
+```
+
+**Note**: This is the recommended way going forward, instead of using `startup` and `shutdown` events.
+
+Read more about it in the new docs: [Advanced User Guide: Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Fix formatting in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/metadata.md` for `ReDoc`. PR [#6005](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6005) by [@eykamp](https://github.com/eykamp).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Tamil translations - initial setup. PR [#5564](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5564) by [@gusty1g](https://github.com/gusty1g).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md`. PR [#9221](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9221) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/tutorial/debugging.md`. PR [#9175](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9175) by [@frabc](https://github.com/frabc).
+* 🌐 Initiate Armenian translation setup. PR [#5844](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5844) by [@har8](https://github.com/har8).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/manually.md`. PR [#3693](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3693) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👷 Update translation bot messages. PR [#9206](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9206) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Update translations bot to use Discussions, and notify when a PR is done. PR [#9183](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9183) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors-badges. PR [#9182](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9182) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#9181](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9181) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🔊 Log GraphQL errors in FastAPI People, because it returns 200, with a payload with an error. PR [#9171](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9171) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 💚 Fix/workaround GitHub Actions in Docker with git for FastAPI People. PR [#9169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9169) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ♻️ Refactor FastAPI Experts to use only discussions now that questions are migrated. PR [#9165](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9165) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade analytics. PR [#6025](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6025) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade and re-enable installing Typer-CLI. PR [#6008](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6008) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.92.0
+
+🚨 This is a security fix. Please upgrade as soon as possible.
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to 0.25.0. PR [#5996](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5996) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+    * This solves a vulnerability that could allow denial of service attacks by using many small multipart fields/files (parts), consuming high CPU and memory.
+    * Only applications using forms (e.g. file uploads) could be affected.
+    * For most cases, upgrading won't have any breaking changes.
+
+## 0.91.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette version to `0.24.0` and refactor internals for compatibility. PR [#5985](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5985) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+    * This can solve nuanced errors when using middlewares. Before Starlette `0.24.0`, a new instance of each middleware class would be created when a new middleware was added. That normally was not a problem, unless the middleware class expected to be created only once, with only one instance, that happened in some cases. This upgrade would solve those cases (thanks [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb)! Starlette PR [#2017](https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2017)). Now the middleware class instances are created once, right before the first request (the first time the app is called).
+    * If you depended on that previous behavior, you might need to update your code. As always, make sure your tests pass before merging the upgrade.
+
+## 0.90.1
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette range to allow 0.23.1. PR [#5980](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5980) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Tweak wording to clarify `docs/en/docs/project-generation.md`. PR [#5930](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5930) by [@chandra-deb](https://github.com/chandra-deb).
+* ✏ Update Pydantic GitHub URLs. PR [#5952](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5952) by [@yezz123](https://github.com/yezz123).
+* 📝 Add opinion from Cisco. PR [#5981](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5981) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md`. PR [#5890](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5890) by [@bnzone](https://github.com/bnzone).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ✏ Update `zip-docs.sh` internal script, remove extra space. PR [#5931](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5931) by [@JuanPerdomo00](https://github.com/JuanPerdomo00).
+
+## 0.90.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆️ Bump Starlette from 0.22.0 to 0.23.0. Initial PR [#5739](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5739) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add article "Tortoise ORM / FastAPI 整合快速筆記" to External Links. PR [#5496](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5496) by [@Leon0824](https://github.com/Leon0824).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5954](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5954) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 📝 Micro-tweak help docs. PR [#5960](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5960) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update new issue chooser to direct to GitHub Discussions. PR [#5948](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5948) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Recommend GitHub Discussions for questions. PR [#5944](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5944) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md`. PR [#5898](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5898) by [@simatheone](https://github.com/simatheone).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#5970](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5970) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/static-files.md`. PR [#5858](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5858) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#5525](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5525) by [@felipebpl](https://github.com/felipebpl).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#5870](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5870) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Ubuntu version for docs workflow. PR [#5971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5971) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors badges. PR [#5943](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5943) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Compute FastAPI Experts including GitHub Discussions. PR [#5941](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5941) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade isort and update pre-commit. PR [#5940](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5940) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add template for questions in Discussions. PR [#5920](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5920) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update Sponsor Budget Insight to Powens. PR [#5916](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5916) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update GitHub Sponsors badge data. PR [#5915](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5915) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.89.1
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Ignore Response classes on return annotation. PR [#5855](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5855) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). See the new docs in the PR below.
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Update docs and examples for Response Model with Return Type Annotations, and update runtime error. PR [#5873](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5873) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs at [Response Model - Return Type: Other Return Type Annotations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#other-return-type-annotations).
+* 📝 Add External Link: FastAPI lambda container: serverless simplified. PR [#5784](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5784) by [@rafrasenberg](https://github.com/rafrasenberg).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/tutorial/first_steps.md`. PR [#5691](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5691) by [@Kadermiyanyedi](https://github.com/Kadermiyanyedi).
+
+## 0.89.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for function return type annotations to declare the `response_model`. Initial PR [#1436](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1436) by [@uriyyo](https://github.com/uriyyo).
+
+Now you can declare the return type / `response_model` in the function return type annotation:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items() -> list[Item]:
+    return [
+        Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0),
+        Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0),
+    ]
+```
+
+FastAPI will use the return type annotation to perform:
+
+* Data validation
+* Automatic documentation
+    * It could power automatic client generators
+* **Data filtering**
+
+Before this version it was only supported via the `response_model` parameter.
+
+Read more about it in the new docs: [Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add External Link: Authorization on FastAPI with Casbin. PR [#5712](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5712) by [@Xhy-5000](https://github.com/Xhy-5000).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5785](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5785) by [@Kingdageek](https://github.com/Kingdageek).
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md`. PR [#5824](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5824) by [@kelbyfaessler](https://github.com/kelbyfaessler).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/fastapi-people.md`. PR [#5577](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5577) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+* 🌐 Fix typo in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#4269](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4269) by [@15027668g](https://github.com/15027668g).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/tutorial/cors.md`. PR [#3764](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3764) by [@NinaHwang](https://github.com/NinaHwang).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ⬆ Update coverage[toml] requirement from <7.0,>=6.5.0 to >=6.5.0,<8.0. PR [#5801](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5801) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Update uvicorn[standard] requirement from <0.19.0,>=0.12.0 to >=0.12.0,<0.21.0 for development. PR [#5795](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5795) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.2 to 2.24.3. PR [#5842](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5842) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5825](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5825) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* ⬆ Bump types-ujson from 5.5.0 to 5.6.0.0. PR [#5735](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5735) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.5.2 to 1.6.4. PR [#5750](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5750) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👷 Add GitHub Action gate/check. PR [#5492](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5492) by [@webknjaz](https://github.com/webknjaz).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Svix. PR [#5848](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5848) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Remove Doist sponsor. PR [#5847](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5847) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Update sqlalchemy requirement from <=1.4.41,>=1.3.18 to >=1.3.18,<1.4.43. PR [#5540](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5540) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.4 to 2.0.0. PR [#5757](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5757) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👷 Refactor CI artifact upload/download for docs previews. PR [#5793](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5793) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.5.1 to 1.5.2. PR [#5714](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5714) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5722](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5722) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable course bundle. PR [#5713](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5713) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Update typer[all] requirement from <0.7.0,>=0.6.1 to >=0.6.1,<0.8.0. PR [#5639](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5639) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+
+## 0.88.0
+
+### Upgrades
+
+* ⬆ Bump Starlette to version `0.22.0` to fix bad encoding for query parameters in new `TestClient`. PR [#5659](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5659) by [@azogue](https://github.com/azogue).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏️ Fix typo in docs for `docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md`. PR [#5376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5376) by [@rifatrakib](https://github.com/rifatrakib).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#5663](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5663) by [@ayr-ton](https://github.com/ayr-ton).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👷 Tweak build-docs to improve CI performance. PR [#5699](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5699) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5566](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5566) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Ruff. PR [#5698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5698) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Remove pip cache for Smokeshow as it depends on a requirements.txt. PR [#5700](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5700) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 💚 Fix pip cache for Smokeshow. PR [#5697](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5697) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Fix and tweak CI cache handling. PR [#5696](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5696) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Update `setup-python` action in tests to use new caching feature. PR [#5680](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5680) by [@madkinsz](https://github.com/madkinsz).
+* ⬆ Bump black from 22.8.0 to 22.10.0. PR [#5569](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5569) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+
+## 0.87.0
+
+Highlights of this release:
+
+* [Upgraded Starlette](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0)
+    * Now the `TestClient` is based on HTTPX instead of Requests. 🚀
+    * There are some possible **breaking changes** in the `TestClient` usage, but [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex) built [bump-testclient](https://github.com/Kludex/bump-testclient) to help you automatize migrating your tests. Make sure you are using Git and that you can undo any unnecessary changes (false positive changes, etc) before using `bump-testclient`.
+* New [WebSocketException (and docs)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/#using-depends-and-others), re-exported from Starlette.
+* Upgraded and relaxed dependencies for package extras `all` (including new Uvicorn version), when you install `"fastapi[all]"`.
+* New docs about how to [**Help Maintain FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#help-maintain-fastapi).
+
+### Features
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade and relax dependencies for extras "all". PR [#5634](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5634) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Re-export Starlette's `WebSocketException` and add it to docs. PR [#5629](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5629) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Update references to Requests for tests to HTTPX, and add HTTPX to extras. PR [#5628](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5628) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Upgrade Starlette to `0.21.0`, including the new [`TestClient` based on HTTPX](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0). PR [#5471](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5471) by [@pawelrubin](https://github.com/pawelrubin).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏️ Tweak Help FastAPI from PR review after merging. PR [#5633](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5633) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✏️  Clarify docs on CORS. PR [#5627](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5627) by [@paxcodes](https://github.com/paxcodes).
+* 📝 Update Help FastAPI: Help Maintain FastAPI. PR [#5632](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5632) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Fix highlight lines for Japanese translation for `docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#2969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2969) by [@ftnext](https://github.com/ftnext).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-code.md`. PR [#5477](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5477) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md`. PR [#5579](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5579) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md`. PR [#4983](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4983) by [@xryuseix](https://github.com/xryuseix).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ✨ Use Ruff for linting. PR [#5630](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5630) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🛠 Add Arabic issue number to Notify Translations GitHub Action. PR [#5610](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5610) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.1 to 2.24.2. PR [#5609](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5609) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.0 to 2.24.1. PR [#5603](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5603) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 📝 Update coverage badge to use Samuel Colvin's Smokeshow. PR [#5585](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5585) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.86.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ⬆ Add Python 3.11 to the officially supported versions. PR [#5587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✅ Enable tests for Python 3.11. PR [#4881](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4881) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 Close FormData (uploaded files) after the request is done. PR [#5465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5465) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#5584](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5584) by [@vivekashok1221](https://github.com/vivekashok1221).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Update wording in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5416](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5416) by [@supercaizehua](https://github.com/supercaizehua).
+* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#5336](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5336) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus).
+* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#3846](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3846) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👷 Update FastAPI People to exclude bots: pre-commit-ci, dependabot. PR [#5586](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5586) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🎨 Format OpenAPI JSON in `test_starlette_exception.py`. PR [#5379](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5379) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen).
+* 👷 Switch from Codecov to Smokeshow plus pytest-cov to pure coverage for internal tests. PR [#5583](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5583) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5571](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5571) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+
 ## 0.85.2
 
 ### Docs
@@ -1032,7 +1378,7 @@ Thanks to [Dima Boger](https://twitter.com/b0g3r) for the security report! 🙇
 
 ### Security fixes
 
-* 📌 Upgrade pydantic pin, to handle security vulnerability [CVE-2021-29510](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic/security/advisories/GHSA-5jqp-qgf6-3pvh). PR [#3213](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3213) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📌 Upgrade pydantic pin, to handle security vulnerability [CVE-2021-29510](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/security/advisories/GHSA-5jqp-qgf6-3pvh). PR [#3213](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3213) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
 
 ## 0.65.0
 
@@ -1587,11 +1933,11 @@ Note: all the previous parameters are still there, so it's still possible to dec
 
 ## 0.55.1
 
-* Fix handling of enums with their own schema in path parameters. To support [samuelcolvin/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1463](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1463).
+* Fix handling of enums with their own schema in path parameters. To support [pydantic/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1463](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1463).
 
 ## 0.55.0
 
-* Allow enums to allow them to have their own schemas in OpenAPI. To support [samuelcolvin/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1461](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1461).
+* Allow enums to allow them to have their own schemas in OpenAPI. To support [pydantic/pydantic#1432](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/pull/1432) in FastAPI. PR [#1461](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1461).
 * Add links for funding through [GitHub sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo). PR [#1425](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1425).
 * Update issue template for for questions. PR [#1344](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1344) by [@retnikt](https://github.com/retnikt).
 * Update warning about storing passwords in docs. PR [#1336](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1336) by [@skorokithakis](https://github.com/skorokithakis).

docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ The end result is that the item paths are now:
 
 ### Import the dependencies
 
-This codes lives in the module `app.routers.items`, the file `app/routers/items.py`.
+This code lives in the module `app.routers.items`, the file `app/routers/items.py`.
 
 And we need to get the dependency function from the module `app.dependencies`, the file `app/dependencies.py`.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/cors.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ The following arguments are supported:
 * `allow_origins` - A list of origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. E.g. `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. You can use `['*']` to allow any origin.
 * `allow_origin_regex` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. e.g. `'https://.*\.example\.org'`.
 * `allow_methods` - A list of HTTP methods that should be allowed for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `['GET']`. You can use `['*']` to allow all standard methods.
-* `allow_headers` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `[]`. You can use `['*']` to allow all headers. The `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` and `Content-Type` headers are always allowed for CORS requests.
+* `allow_headers` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `[]`. You can use `['*']` to allow all headers. The `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` and `Content-Type` headers are always allowed for <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS#simple_requests" class="external-link" rel="noopener" target="_blank">simple CORS requests</a>.
 * `allow_credentials` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `False`. Also, `allow_origins` cannot be set to `['*']` for credentials to be allowed, origins must be specified.
 * `expose_headers` - Indicate any response headers that should be made accessible to the browser. Defaults to `[]`.
 * `max_age` - Sets a maximum time in seconds for browsers to cache CORS responses. Defaults to `600`.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/metadata.md

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ You can configure the two documentation user interfaces included:
 * **Swagger UI**: served at `/docs`.
     * You can set its URL with the parameter `docs_url`.
     * You can disable it by setting `docs_url=None`.
-* ReDoc: served at `/redoc`.
+* **ReDoc**: served at `/redoc`.
     * You can set its URL with the parameter `redoc_url`.
     * You can disable it by setting `redoc_url=None`.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md

@@ -1,6 +1,51 @@
-# Response Model
+# Response Model - Return Type
 
-You can declare the model used for the response with the parameter `response_model` in any of the *path operations*:
+You can declare the type used for the response by annotating the *path operation function* **return type**.
+
+You can use **type annotations** the same way you would for input data in function **parameters**, you can use Pydantic models, lists, dictionaries, scalar values like integers, booleans, etc.
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.9 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="18  23"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py39.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="16  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+FastAPI will use this return type to:
+
+* **Validate** the returned data.
+    * If the data is invalid (e.g. you are missing a field), it means that *your* app code is broken, not returning what it should, and it will return a server error instead of returning incorrect data. This way you and your clients can be certain that they will receive the data and the data shape expected.
+* Add a **JSON Schema** for the response, in the OpenAPI *path operation*.
+    * This will be used by the **automatic docs**.
+    * It will also be used by automatic client code generation tools.
+
+But most importantly:
+
+* It will **limit and filter** the output data to what is defined in the return type.
+    * This is particularly important for **security**, we'll see more of that below.
+
+## `response_model` Parameter
+
+There are some cases where you need or want to return some data that is not exactly what the type declares.
+
+For example, you could want to **return a dictionary** or a database object, but **declare it as a Pydantic model**. This way the Pydantic model would do all the data documentation, validation, etc. for the object that you returned (e.g. a dictionary or database object).
+
+If you added the return type annotation, tools and editors would complain with a (correct) error telling you that your function is returning a type (e.g. a dict) that is different from what you declared (e.g. a Pydantic model).
+
+In those cases, you can use the *path operation decorator* parameter `response_model` instead of the return type.
+
+You can use the `response_model` parameter in any of the *path operations*:
 
 * `@app.get()`
 * `@app.post()`
@@ -10,40 +55,41 @@ You can declare the model used for the response with the parameter `response_mod
 
 === "Python 3.6 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17"
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  24-27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!}
     ```
 
 === "Python 3.9 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17"
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  24-27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py!}
     ```
 
 === "Python 3.10 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15"
+    ```Python hl_lines="17  22  24-27"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py!}
     ```
 
 !!! note
     Notice that `response_model` is a parameter of the "decorator" method (`get`, `post`, etc). Not of your *path operation function*, like all the parameters and body.
 
-It receives the same type you would declare for a Pydantic model attribute, so, it can be a Pydantic model, but it can also be, e.g. a `list` of Pydantic models, like `List[Item]`.
+`response_model` receives the same type you would declare for a Pydantic model field, so, it can be a Pydantic model, but it can also be, e.g. a `list` of Pydantic models, like `List[Item]`.
 
-FastAPI will use this `response_model` to:
+FastAPI will use this `response_model` to do all the data documentation, validation, etc. and also to **convert and filter the output data** to its type declaration.
 
-* Convert the output data to its type declaration.
-* Validate the data.
-* Add a JSON Schema for the response, in the OpenAPI *path operation*.
-* Will be used by the automatic documentation systems.
+!!! tip
+    If you have strict type checks in your editor, mypy, etc, you can declare the function return type as `Any`.
 
-But most importantly:
+    That way you tell the editor that you are intentionally returning anything. But FastAPI will still do the data documentation, validation, filtering, etc. with the `response_model`.
 
-* Will limit the output data to that of the model. We'll see how that's important below.
+### `response_model` Priority
 
-!!! note "Technical Details"
-    The response model is declared in this parameter instead of as a function return type annotation, because the path function may not actually return that response model but rather return a `dict`, database object or some other model, and then use the `response_model` to perform the field limiting and serialization.
+If you declare both a return type and a `response_model`, the `response_model` will take priority and be used by FastAPI.
+
+This way you can add correct type annotations to your functions even when you are returning a type different than the response model, to be used by the editor and tools like mypy. And still you can have FastAPI do the data validation, documentation, etc. using the `response_model`.
+
+You can also use `response_model=None` to disable creating a response model for that *path operation*, you might need to do it if you are adding type annotations for things that are not valid Pydantic fields, you will see an example of that in one of the sections below.
 
 ## Return the same input data
 
@@ -71,24 +117,24 @@ And we are using this model to declare our input and the same model to declare o
 
 === "Python 3.6 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="17-18"
+    ```Python hl_lines="18"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!}
     ```
 
 === "Python 3.10 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="15-16"
+    ```Python hl_lines="16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!}
     ```
 
 Now, whenever a browser is creating a user with a password, the API will return the same password in the response.
 
-In this case, it might not be a problem, because the user themself is sending the password.
+In this case, it might not be a problem, because it's the same user sending the password.
 
 But if we use the same model for another *path operation*, we could be sending our user's passwords to every client.
 
 !!! danger
-    Never store the plain password of a user or send it in a response.
+    Never store the plain password of a user or send it in a response like this, unless you know all the caveats and you know what you are doing.
 
 ## Add an output model
 
@@ -102,7 +148,7 @@ We can instead create an input model with the plaintext password and an output m
 
 === "Python 3.10 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="7  9  14"
+    ```Python hl_lines="9  11  16"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
@@ -116,7 +162,7 @@ Here, even though our *path operation function* is returning the same input user
 
 === "Python 3.10 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="22"
+    ```Python hl_lines="24"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
@@ -130,12 +176,66 @@ Here, even though our *path operation function* is returning the same input user
 
 === "Python 3.10 and above"
 
-    ```Python hl_lines="20"
+    ```Python hl_lines="22"
     {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!}
     ```
 
 So, **FastAPI** will take care of filtering out all the data that is not declared in the output model (using Pydantic).
 
+### `response_model` or Return Type
+
+In this case, because the two models are different, if we annotated the function return type as `UserOut`, the editor and tools would complain that we are returning an invalid type, as those are different classes.
+
+That's why in this example we have to declare it in the `response_model` parameter.
+
+...but continue reading below to see how to overcome that.
+
+## Return Type and Data Filtering
+
+Let's continue from the previous example. We wanted to **annotate the function with one type** but return something that includes **more data**.
+
+We want FastAPI to keep **filtering** the data using the response model.
+
+In the previous example, because the classes were different, we had to use the `response_model` parameter. But that also means that we don't get the support from the editor and tools checking the function return type.
+
+But in most of the cases where we need to do something like this, we want the model just to **filter/remove** some of the data as in this example.
+
+And in those cases, we can use classes and inheritance to take advantage of function **type annotations** to get better support in the editor and tools, and still get the FastAPI **data filtering**.
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9-13  15-16  20"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7-10  13-14  18"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+With this, we get tooling support, from editors and mypy as this code is correct in terms of types, but we also get the data filtering from FastAPI.
+
+How does this work? Let's check that out. 🤓
+
+### Type Annotations and Tooling
+
+First let's see how editors, mypy and other tools would see this.
+
+`BaseUser` has the base fields. Then `UserIn` inherits from `BaseUser` and adds the `password` field, so, it will include all the fields from both models.
+
+We annotate the function return type as `BaseUser`, but we are actually returning a `UserIn` instance.
+
+The editor, mypy, and other tools won't complain about this because, in typing terms, `UserIn` is a subclass of `BaseUser`, which means it's a *valid* type when what is expected is anything that is a `BaseUser`.
+
+### FastAPI Data Filtering
+
+Now, for FastAPI, it will see the return type and make sure that what you return includes **only** the fields that are declared in the type.
+
+FastAPI does several things internally with Pydantic to make sure that those same rules of class inheritance are not used for the returned data filtering, otherwise you could end up returning much more data than what you expected.
+
+This way, you can get the best of both worlds: type annotations with **tooling support** and **data filtering**.
+
 ## See it in the docs
 
 When you see the automatic docs, you can check that the input model and output model will both have their own JSON Schema:
@@ -146,6 +246,74 @@ And both models will be used for the interactive API documentation:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/response-model/image02.png">
 
+## Other Return Type Annotations
+
+There might be cases where you return something that is not a valid Pydantic field and you annotate it in the function, only to get the support provided by tooling (the editor, mypy, etc).
+
+### Return a Response Directly
+
+The most common case would be [returning a Response directly as explained later in the advanced docs](../advanced/response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+```Python hl_lines="8  10-11"
+{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py!}
+```
+
+This simple case is handled automatically by FastAPI because the return type annotation is the class (or a subclass) of `Response`.
+
+And tools will also be happy because both `RedirectResponse` and `JSONResponse` are subclasses of `Response`, so the type annotation is correct.
+
+### Annotate a Response Subclass
+
+You can also use a subclass of `Response` in the type annotation:
+
+```Python hl_lines="8-9"
+{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03.py!}
+```
+
+This will also work because `RedirectResponse` is a subclass of `Response`, and FastAPI will automatically handle this simple case.
+
+### Invalid Return Type Annotations
+
+But when you return some other arbitrary object that is not a valid Pydantic type (e.g. a database object) and you annotate it like that in the function, FastAPI will try to create a Pydantic response model from that type annotation, and will fail.
+
+The same would happen if you had something like a <abbr title='A union between multiple types means "any of these types".'>union</abbr> between different types where one or more of them are not valid Pydantic types, for example this would fail 💥:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="10"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="8"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+...this fails because the type annotation is not a Pydantic type and is not just a single `Response` class or subclass, it's a union (any of the two) between a `Response` and a `dict`.
+
+### Disable Response Model
+
+Continuing from the example above, you might not want to have the default data validation, documentation, filtering, etc. that is performed by FastAPI.
+
+But you might want to still keep the return type annotation in the function to get the support from tools like editors and type checkers (e.g. mypy).
+
+In this case, you can disable the response model generation by setting `response_model=None`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="9"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="7"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+This will make FastAPI skip the response model generation and that way you can have any return type annotations you need without it affecting your FastAPI application. 🤓
+
 ## Response Model encoding parameters
 
 Your response model could have default values, like:

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Call the endpoint `/users/me/`, you will get the response as:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/security/image09.png">
 
-If you open the developer tools, you could see how the data sent and only includes the token, the password is only sent in the first request to authenticate the user and get that access token, but not afterwards:
+If you open the developer tools, you could see how the data sent only includes the token, the password is only sent in the first request to authenticate the user and get that access token, but not afterwards:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 
 Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.
 
-It is based on <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>, so it's very familiar and intuitive.
+It is based on <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a>, which in turn is designed based on Requests, so it's very familiar and intuitive.
 
 With it, you can use <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> directly with **FastAPI**.
 
 ## Using `TestClient`
 
 !!! info
-    To use `TestClient`, first install <a href="https://github.com/psf/requests" class="external-link" target="_blank">`requests`</a>.
+    To use `TestClient`, first install <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">`httpx`</a>.
 
-    E.g. `pip install requests`.
+    E.g. `pip install httpx`.
 
 Import `TestClient`.
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Create a `TestClient` by passing your **FastAPI** application to it.
 
 Create functions with a name that starts with `test_` (this is standard `pytest` conventions).
 
-Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `requests`.
+Use the `TestClient` object the same way as you do with `httpx`.
 
 Write simple `assert` statements with the standard Python expressions that you need to check (again, standard `pytest`).
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ You could then update `test_main.py` with the extended tests:
 {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!}
 ```
 
-Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `requests`.
+Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `httpx`, or even how to do it with `requests`, as HTTPX's design is based on Requests' design.
 
 Then you just do the same in your tests.
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ E.g.:
 * To pass *headers*, use a `dict` in the `headers` parameter.
 * For *cookies*, a `dict` in the `cookies` parameter.
 
-For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `requests` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests documentation</a>.
+For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `httpx` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX documentation</a>.
 
 !!! info
     Note that the `TestClient` receives data that can be converted to JSON, not Pydantic models.

docs/en/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -218,6 +220,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -238,6 +242,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/en/overrides/main.html

@@ -22,12 +22,6 @@
     </div>
   </div>
   <div id="announce-right" style="position: relative;">
-    <div class="item">
-      <a title="Get three courses at 10% off their current prices! Plus, we'll be donating 10% of all profits from sales of this bundle to the FastAPI team." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://testdriven.io/talkpython/" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/fastapi-course-bundle-banner.png" />
-      </a>
-    </div>
     <div class="item">
       <a title="The data structure for unstructured multimodal data" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://bit.ly/3AcNTYL" target="_blank">
         <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
@@ -40,18 +34,6 @@
         <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/cryptapi-banner.svg" />
       </a>
     </div>
-    <!-- <div class="item">
-      <a title="The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage." style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://app.imgwhale.xyz/" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/imgwhale-banner.svg" />
-      </a>
-    </div> -->
-    <div class="item">
-      <a title="Help us migrate doist to FastAPI" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://doist.com/careers/9B437B1615-wa-senior-backend-engineer-python" target="_blank">
-        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
-        <img class="sponsor-image" src="/img/sponsors/doist-banner.svg" />
-      </a>
-    </div>
     <div class="item">
       <a title="Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://bit.ly/3dphxRq" target="_blank">
         <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>

docs/es/docs/features.md

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Con **FastAPI** obtienes todas las características de **Starlette** (porque Fas
 * Soporte para **GraphQL**.
 * <abbr title="En español: tareas que se ejecutan en el fondo, sin frenar requests, en el mismo proceso. En ingles: In-process background tasks">Tareas en background</abbr>.
 * Eventos de startup y shutdown.
-* Cliente de pruebas construido con `requests`.
+* Cliente de pruebas construido con HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
 * Soporte para **Session and Cookie**.
 * Cobertura de pruebas al 100%.

docs/es/docs/index.md

@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ Para un ejemplo más completo que incluye más características ve el <a href="h
 * Muchas características extra (gracias a Starlette) como:
     * **WebSockets**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * pruebas extremadamente fáciles con `requests` y `pytest`
+    * pruebas extremadamente fáciles con HTTPX y `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...y mucho más.
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ Usadas por Pydantic:
 
 Usados por Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Requerido si quieres dar soporte a  <abbr title="convertir el string que viene de un HTTP request a datos de Python">"parsing"</abbr> de formularios, con `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Requerido para dar soporte a `SessionMiddleware`.

docs/es/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -121,6 +123,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -141,6 +145,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/fa/docs/index.md

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ item: Item
 * قابلیت‌های اضافی دیگر (بر اساس Starlette) شامل:
     * **<abbr title="WebSocket">وب‌سوکت</abbr>**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * تست‌های خودکار آسان مبتنی بر `requests` و `pytest`
+    * تست‌های خودکار آسان مبتنی بر HTTPX و `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * و موارد بیشمار دیگر.
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ item: Item
 
 استفاده شده توسط Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `TestClient` استفاده کنید.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>HTTPX</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `TestClient` استفاده کنید.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `FileResponse` و `StaticFiles` استفاده کنید.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید از پیکربندی پیش‌فرض برای قالب‌ها استفاده کنید.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - در صورتی که بخواهید با استفاده از `request.form()` از قابلیت <abbr title="تبدیل رشته متنی موجود در درخواست HTTP به انواع داده پایتون">"تجزیه (parse)"</abbr> فرم استفاده کنید.

docs/fa/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI
+
+!!! Attention
+    Ceci concerne un sujet plutôt avancé.
+
+    Si vous débutez avec **FastAPI**, vous n'en aurez peut-être pas besoin.
+
+Vous pouvez déclarer des réponses supplémentaires, avec des codes HTTP, des types de médias, des descriptions, etc.
+
+Ces réponses supplémentaires seront incluses dans le schéma OpenAPI, elles apparaîtront donc également dans la documentation de l'API.
+
+Mais pour ces réponses supplémentaires, vous devez vous assurer de renvoyer directement une `Response` comme `JSONResponse`, avec votre code HTTP et votre contenu.
+
+## Réponse supplémentaire avec `model`
+
+Vous pouvez ajouter à votre décorateur de *paramètre de chemin* un paramètre `responses`.
+
+Il prend comme valeur un `dict` dont les clés sont des codes HTTP pour chaque réponse, comme `200`, et la valeur de ces clés sont d'autres `dict` avec des informations pour chacun d'eux.
+
+Chacun de ces `dict` de réponse peut avoir une clé `model`, contenant un modèle Pydantic, tout comme `response_model`.
+
+**FastAPI** prendra ce modèle, générera son schéma JSON et l'inclura au bon endroit dans OpenAPI.
+
+Par exemple, pour déclarer une autre réponse avec un code HTTP `404` et un modèle Pydantic `Message`, vous pouvez écrire :
+
+```Python hl_lines="18 22"
+{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! Remarque
+    Gardez à l'esprit que vous devez renvoyer directement `JSONResponse`.
+
+!!! Info
+    La clé `model` ne fait pas partie d'OpenAPI.
+
+    **FastAPI** prendra le modèle Pydantic à partir de là, générera le `JSON Schema` et le placera au bon endroit.
+
+    Le bon endroit est :
+
+    * Dans la clé `content`, qui a pour valeur un autre objet JSON (`dict`) qui contient :
+        * Une clé avec le type de support, par ex. `application/json`, qui contient comme valeur un autre objet JSON, qui contient :
+            * Une clé `schema`, qui a pour valeur le schéma JSON du modèle, voici le bon endroit.
+                * **FastAPI** ajoute ici une référence aux schémas JSON globaux à un autre endroit de votre OpenAPI au lieu de l'inclure directement. De cette façon, d'autres applications et clients peuvent utiliser ces schémas JSON directement, fournir de meilleurs outils de génération de code, etc.
+
+Les réponses générées au format OpenAPI pour cette *opération de chemin* seront :
+
+```JSON hl_lines="3-12"
+{
+    "responses": {
+        "404": {
+            "description": "Additional Response",
+            "content": {
+                "application/json": {
+                    "schema": {
+                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Message"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "200": {
+            "description": "Successful Response",
+            "content": {
+                "application/json": {
+                    "schema": {
+                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        "422": {
+            "description": "Validation Error",
+            "content": {
+                "application/json": {
+                    "schema": {
+                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Les schémas sont référencés à un autre endroit du modèle OpenAPI :
+
+```JSON hl_lines="4-16"
+{
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Message": {
+                "title": "Message",
+                "required": [
+                    "message"
+                ],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "message": {
+                        "title": "Message",
+                        "type": "string"
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            "Item": {
+                "title": "Item",
+                "required": [
+                    "id",
+                    "value"
+                ],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "id": {
+                        "title": "Id",
+                        "type": "string"
+                    },
+                    "value": {
+                        "title": "Value",
+                        "type": "string"
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": [
+                    "loc",
+                    "msg",
+                    "type"
+                ],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "type": "string"
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "msg": {
+                        "title": "Message",
+                        "type": "string"
+                    },
+                    "type": {
+                        "title": "Error Type",
+                        "type": "string"
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {
+                            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Types de médias supplémentaires pour la réponse principale
+
+Vous pouvez utiliser ce même paramètre `responses` pour ajouter différents types de médias pour la même réponse principale.
+
+Par exemple, vous pouvez ajouter un type de média supplémentaire `image/png`, en déclarant que votre *opération de chemin* peut renvoyer un objet JSON (avec le type de média `application/json`) ou une image PNG :
+
+```Python hl_lines="19-24 28"
+{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+!!! Remarque
+    Notez que vous devez retourner l'image en utilisant directement un `FileResponse`.
+
+!!! Info
+    À moins que vous ne spécifiiez explicitement un type de média différent dans votre paramètre `responses`, FastAPI supposera que la réponse a le même type de média que la classe de réponse principale (par défaut `application/json`).
+
+    Mais si vous avez spécifié une classe de réponse personnalisée avec `None` comme type de média, FastAPI utilisera `application/json` pour toute réponse supplémentaire associée à un modèle.
+
+## Combinaison d'informations
+
+Vous pouvez également combiner des informations de réponse provenant de plusieurs endroits, y compris les paramètres `response_model`, `status_code` et `responses`.
+
+Vous pouvez déclarer un `response_model`, en utilisant le code HTTP par défaut `200` (ou un code personnalisé si vous en avez besoin), puis déclarer des informations supplémentaires pour cette même réponse dans `responses`, directement dans le schéma OpenAPI.
+
+**FastAPI** conservera les informations supplémentaires des `responses` et les combinera avec le schéma JSON de votre modèle.
+
+Par exemple, vous pouvez déclarer une réponse avec un code HTTP `404` qui utilise un modèle Pydantic et a une `description` personnalisée.
+
+Et une réponse avec un code HTTP `200` qui utilise votre `response_model`, mais inclut un `example` personnalisé :
+
+```Python hl_lines="20-31"
+{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+Tout sera combiné et inclus dans votre OpenAPI, et affiché dans la documentation de l'API :
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/additional-responses/image01.png">
+
+## Combinez les réponses prédéfinies et les réponses personnalisées
+
+Vous voulez peut-être avoir des réponses prédéfinies qui s'appliquent à de nombreux *paramètre de chemin*, mais vous souhaitez les combiner avec des réponses personnalisées nécessaires à chaque *opération de chemin*.
+
+Dans ces cas, vous pouvez utiliser la technique Python "d'affection par décomposition" (appelé _unpacking_ en anglais) d'un `dict` avec `**dict_to_unpack` :
+
+``` Python
+old_dict = {
+    "old key": "old value",
+    "second old key": "second old value",
+}
+new_dict = {**old_dict, "new key": "new value"}
+```
+
+Ici, `new_dict` contiendra toutes les paires clé-valeur de `old_dict` plus la nouvelle paire clé-valeur :
+
+``` Python
+{
+    "old key": "old value",
+    "second old key": "second old value",
+    "new key": "new value",
+}
+```
+
+Vous pouvez utiliser cette technique pour réutiliser certaines réponses prédéfinies dans vos *paramètres de chemin* et les combiner avec des réponses personnalisées supplémentaires.
+
+Par exemple:
+
+```Python hl_lines="13-17 26"
+{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+## Plus d'informations sur les réponses OpenAPI
+
+Pour voir exactement ce que vous pouvez inclure dans les réponses, vous pouvez consulter ces sections dans la spécification OpenAPI :
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#responsesObject" class="external-link" target="_blank">Objet Responses de OpenAPI </a>, il inclut le `Response Object`.
+* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.2.md#responseObject" class="external-link" target="_blank">Objet Response de OpenAPI </a>, vous pouvez inclure n'importe quoi directement dans chaque réponse à l'intérieur de votre paramètre `responses`. Y compris `description`, `headers`, `content` (à l'intérieur de cela, vous déclarez différents types de médias et schémas JSON) et `links`.

docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Codes HTTP supplémentaires
+
+Par défaut, **FastAPI** renverra les réponses à l'aide d'une structure de données `JSONResponse`, en plaçant la réponse de votre  *chemin d'accès* à l'intérieur de cette `JSONResponse`.
+
+Il utilisera le code HTTP par défaut ou celui que vous avez défini dans votre *chemin d'accès*.
+
+## Codes HTTP supplémentaires
+
+Si vous souhaitez renvoyer des codes HTTP supplémentaires en plus du code principal, vous pouvez le faire en renvoyant directement une `Response`, comme une `JSONResponse`, et en définissant directement le code HTTP supplémentaire.
+
+Par exemple, disons que vous voulez avoir un *chemin d'accès* qui permet de mettre à jour les éléments et renvoie les codes HTTP 200 "OK" en cas de succès.
+
+Mais vous voulez aussi qu'il accepte de nouveaux éléments. Et lorsque les éléments n'existaient pas auparavant, il les crée et renvoie un code HTTP de 201 "Créé".
+
+Pour y parvenir, importez `JSONResponse` et renvoyez-y directement votre contenu, en définissant le `status_code` que vous souhaitez :
+
+```Python hl_lines="4 25"
+{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! Attention
+    Lorsque vous renvoyez une `Response` directement, comme dans l'exemple ci-dessus, elle sera renvoyée directement.
+
+    Elle ne sera pas sérialisée avec un modèle.
+
+    Assurez-vous qu'il contient les données souhaitées et que les valeurs soient dans un format JSON valides (si vous utilisez une `JSONResponse`).
+
+!!! note "Détails techniques"
+    Vous pouvez également utiliser `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.
+
+    Pour plus de commodités, **FastAPI** fournit les objets `starlette.responses` sous forme d'un alias accessible par `fastapi.responses`. Mais la plupart des réponses disponibles proviennent directement de Starlette. Il en est de même avec l'objet `statut`.
+
+## Documents OpenAPI et API
+
+Si vous renvoyez directement des codes HTTP et des réponses supplémentaires, ils ne seront pas inclus dans le schéma OpenAPI (la documentation de l'API), car FastAPI n'a aucun moyen de savoir à l'avance ce que vous allez renvoyer.
+
+Mais vous pouvez documenter cela dans votre code, en utilisant : [Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# Configuration avancée des paramètres de chemin
+
+## ID d'opération OpenAPI
+
+!!! Attention
+    Si vous n'êtes pas un "expert" en OpenAPI, vous n'en avez probablement pas besoin.
+
+Dans OpenAPI, les chemins sont des ressources, tels que /users/ ou /items/, exposées par votre API, et les opérations sont les méthodes HTTP utilisées pour manipuler ces chemins, telles que GET, POST ou DELETE. Les operationId sont des chaînes uniques facultatives utilisées pour identifier une opération d'un chemin. Vous pouvez définir l'OpenAPI `operationId` à utiliser dans votre *opération de chemin* avec le paramètre `operation_id`.
+
+Vous devez vous assurer qu'il est unique pour chaque opération.
+
+```Python hl_lines="6"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+### Utilisation du nom *path operation function* comme operationId
+
+Si vous souhaitez utiliser les noms de fonction de vos API comme `operationId`, vous pouvez les parcourir tous et remplacer chaque `operation_id` de l'*opération de chemin* en utilisant leur `APIRoute.name`.
+
+Vous devriez le faire après avoir ajouté toutes vos *paramètres de chemin*.
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  12-21  24"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+!!! Astuce
+    Si vous appelez manuellement `app.openapi()`, vous devez mettre à jour les `operationId` avant.
+
+!!! Attention
+    Pour faire cela, vous devez vous assurer que chacun de vos *chemin* ait un nom unique.
+
+    Même s'ils se trouvent dans des modules différents (fichiers Python).
+
+## Exclusion d'OpenAPI
+
+Pour exclure un *chemin* du schéma OpenAPI généré (et donc des systèmes de documentation automatiques), utilisez le paramètre `include_in_schema` et assignez-lui la valeur `False` :
+
+```Python hl_lines="6"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+## Description avancée de docstring
+
+Vous pouvez limiter le texte utilisé de la docstring d'une *fonction de chemin* qui sera affiché sur OpenAPI.
+
+L'ajout d'un `\f` (un caractère d'échappement "form feed") va permettre à **FastAPI** de tronquer la sortie utilisée pour OpenAPI à ce stade.
+
+Il n'apparaîtra pas dans la documentation, mais d'autres outils (tel que Sphinx) pourront utiliser le reste.
+
+```Python hl_lines="19-29"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+## Réponses supplémentaires
+
+Vous avez probablement vu comment déclarer le `response_model` et le `status_code` pour une *opération de chemin*.
+
+Cela définit les métadonnées sur la réponse principale d'une *opération de chemin*.
+
+Vous pouvez également déclarer des réponses supplémentaires avec leurs modèles, codes de statut, etc.
+
+Il y a un chapitre entier ici dans la documentation à ce sujet, vous pouvez le lire sur [Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+## OpenAPI supplémentaire
+
+Lorsque vous déclarez un *chemin* dans votre application, **FastAPI** génère automatiquement les métadonnées concernant ce *chemin* à inclure dans le schéma OpenAPI.
+
+!!! note "Détails techniques"
+    La spécification OpenAPI appelle ces métaonnées des <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.0.3.md#operation-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">Objets d'opération</a>.
+
+Il contient toutes les informations sur le *chemin* et est utilisé pour générer automatiquement la documentation.
+
+Il inclut les `tags`, `parameters`, `requestBody`, `responses`, etc.
+
+Ce schéma OpenAPI spécifique aux *operations* est normalement généré automatiquement par **FastAPI**, mais vous pouvez également l'étendre.
+
+!!! Astuce
+    Si vous avez seulement besoin de déclarer des réponses supplémentaires, un moyen plus pratique de le faire est d'utiliser les [réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+Vous pouvez étendre le schéma OpenAPI pour une *opération de chemin* en utilisant le paramètre `openapi_extra`.
+
+### Extensions OpenAPI
+
+Cet `openapi_extra` peut être utile, par exemple, pour déclarer [OpenAPI Extensions](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.0.3.md#specificationExtensions) :
+
+```Python hl_lines="6"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial005.py!}
+```
+
+Si vous ouvrez la documentation automatique de l'API, votre extension apparaîtra au bas du *chemin* spécifique.
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/path-operation-advanced-configuration/image01.png">
+
+Et dans le fichier openapi généré (`/openapi.json`), vous verrez également votre extension dans le cadre du *chemin* spécifique :
+
+```JSON hl_lines="22"
+{
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {
+        "title": "FastAPI",
+        "version": "0.1.0"
+    },
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "summary": "Read Items",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {}
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                "x-aperture-labs-portal": "blue"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Personnalisation du Schéma OpenAPI pour un chemin
+
+Le dictionnaire contenu dans la variable `openapi_extra` sera fusionné avec le schéma OpenAPI généré automatiquement pour l'*opération de chemin*.
+
+Ainsi, vous pouvez ajouter des données supplémentaires au schéma généré automatiquement.
+
+Par exemple, vous pouvez décider de lire et de valider la requête avec votre propre code, sans utiliser les fonctionnalités automatiques de validation proposée par Pydantic, mais vous pouvez toujours définir la requête dans le schéma OpenAPI.
+
+Vous pouvez le faire avec `openapi_extra` :
+
+```Python hl_lines="20-37 39-40"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial006.py !}
+```
+
+Dans cet exemple, nous n'avons déclaré aucun modèle Pydantic. En fait, le corps de la requête n'est même pas <abbr title="converti d'un format simple, comme des octets, en objets Python">parsé</abbr> en tant que JSON, il est lu directement en tant que `bytes`, et la fonction `magic_data_reader()` serait chargé de l'analyser d'une manière ou d'une autre.
+
+Néanmoins, nous pouvons déclarer le schéma attendu pour le corps de la requête.
+
+### Type de contenu OpenAPI personnalisé
+
+En utilisant cette même astuce, vous pouvez utiliser un modèle Pydantic pour définir le schéma JSON qui est ensuite inclus dans la section de schéma OpenAPI personnalisée pour le *chemin* concerné.
+
+Et vous pouvez le faire même si le type de données dans la requête n'est pas au format JSON.
+
+Dans cet exemple, nous n'utilisons pas les fonctionnalités de FastAPI pour extraire le schéma JSON des modèles Pydantic ni la validation automatique pour JSON. En fait, nous déclarons le type de contenu de la requête en tant que YAML, et non JSON :
+
+```Python hl_lines="17-22  24"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!}
+```
+
+Néanmoins, bien que nous n'utilisions pas la fonctionnalité par défaut, nous utilisons toujours un modèle Pydantic pour générer manuellement le schéma JSON pour les données que nous souhaitons recevoir en YAML.
+
+Ensuite, nous utilisons directement la requête et extrayons son contenu en tant qu'octets. Cela signifie que FastAPI n'essaiera même pas d'analyser le payload de la requête en tant que JSON.
+
+Et nous analysons directement ce contenu YAML, puis nous utilisons à nouveau le même modèle Pydantic pour valider le contenu YAML :
+
+```Python hl_lines="26-33"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!}
+```
+
+!!! Astuce
+    Ici, nous réutilisons le même modèle Pydantic.
+
+    Mais nous aurions pu tout aussi bien pu le valider d'une autre manière.

docs/fr/docs/deployment/manually.md

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Exécuter un serveur manuellement - Uvicorn
+
+La principale chose dont vous avez besoin pour exécuter une application **FastAPI** sur une machine serveur distante est un programme serveur ASGI tel que **Uvicorn**.
+
+Il existe 3 principales alternatives :
+
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> : un serveur ASGI haute performance.
+* <a href="https://pgjones.gitlab.io/hypercorn/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a> : un serveur
+  ASGI compatible avec HTTP/2 et Trio entre autres fonctionnalités.
+* <a href="https://github.com/django/daphne" class="external-link" target="_blank">Daphne</a> : le serveur ASGI
+  conçu pour Django Channels.
+
+## Machine serveur et programme serveur
+
+Il y a un petit détail sur les noms à garder à l'esprit. 💡
+
+Le mot "**serveur**" est couramment utilisé pour désigner à la fois l'ordinateur distant/cloud (la machine physique ou virtuelle) et également le programme qui s'exécute sur cette machine (par exemple, Uvicorn).
+
+Gardez cela à l'esprit lorsque vous lisez "serveur" en général, cela pourrait faire référence à l'une de ces deux choses.
+
+Lorsqu'on se réfère à la machine distante, il est courant de l'appeler **serveur**, mais aussi **machine**, **VM** (machine virtuelle), **nœud**. Tout cela fait référence à un type de machine distante, exécutant  Linux, en règle générale, sur laquelle vous exécutez des programmes.
+
+
+## Installer le programme serveur
+
+Vous pouvez installer un serveur compatible ASGI avec :
+
+=== "Uvicorn"
+
+    * <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>, un serveur ASGI rapide comme l'éclair, basé sur uvloop et httptools.
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
+
+    ---> 100%
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+    !!! tip "Astuce"
+        En ajoutant `standard`, Uvicorn va installer et utiliser quelques dépendances supplémentaires recommandées.
+
+        Cela inclut `uvloop`, le remplaçant performant de `asyncio`, qui fournit le gros gain de performance en matière de concurrence.
+
+=== "Hypercorn"
+
+    * <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>, un serveur ASGI également compatible avec HTTP/2.
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ pip install hypercorn
+
+    ---> 100%
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+    ...ou tout autre serveur ASGI.
+
+## Exécutez le programme serveur
+
+Vous pouvez ensuite exécuter votre application de la même manière que vous l'avez fait dans les tutoriels, mais sans l'option `--reload`, par exemple :
+
+=== "Uvicorn"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
+
+    <span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+=== "Hypercorn"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80
+
+    Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit)
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+!!! warning
+     N'oubliez pas de supprimer l'option `--reload` si vous l'utilisiez.
+
+     L'option `--reload` consomme beaucoup plus de ressources, est plus instable, etc.
+
+     Cela aide beaucoup pendant le **développement**, mais vous **ne devriez pas** l'utiliser en **production**.
+
+## Hypercorn avec Trio
+
+Starlette et **FastAPI** sont basés sur
+<a href="https://anyio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">AnyIO</a>, qui les rend
+compatibles avec <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">asyncio</a>, de la bibliothèque standard Python et
+<a href="https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Trio</a>.
+
+Néanmoins, Uvicorn n'est actuellement compatible qu'avec asyncio, et il utilise normalement <a href="https://github.
+com/MagicStack/uvloop" class="external-link" target="_blank">`uvloop`</a >, le remplaçant hautes performances de `asyncio`.
+
+Mais si vous souhaitez utiliser directement **Trio**, vous pouvez utiliser **Hypercorn** car il le prend en charge. ✨
+
+### Installer Hypercorn avec Trio
+
+Vous devez d'abord installer Hypercorn avec le support Trio :
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "hypercorn[trio]"
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+### Exécuter avec Trio
+
+Ensuite, vous pouvez passer l'option de ligne de commande `--worker-class` avec la valeur `trio` :
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ hypercorn main:app --worker-class trio
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Et cela démarrera Hypercorn avec votre application en utilisant Trio comme backend.
+
+Vous pouvez désormais utiliser Trio en interne dans votre application. Ou mieux encore, vous pouvez utiliser AnyIO pour que votre code reste compatible avec Trio et asyncio. 🎉
+
+## Concepts de déploiement
+
+Ces exemples lancent le programme serveur (e.g. Uvicorn), démarrant **un seul processus**, sur toutes les IPs (`0.0.
+0.0`) sur un port prédéfini (par example, `80`).
+
+C'est l'idée de base. Mais vous vous préoccuperez probablement de certains concepts supplémentaires, tels que ... :
+
+* la sécurité - HTTPS
+* l'exécution au démarrage
+* les redémarrages
+* la réplication (le nombre de processus en cours d'exécution)
+* la mémoire
+* les étapes précédant le démarrage
+
+Je vous en dirai plus sur chacun de ces concepts, sur la façon de les aborder, et donnerai quelques exemples concrets avec des stratégies pour les traiter dans les prochains chapitres. 🚀

docs/fr/docs/index.md

@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>HTTPX</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/fr/docs/tutorial/debugging.md

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# <abbr title="En anglais: Debugging">Débogage</abbr>
+
+Vous pouvez connecter le <abbr title="En anglais: debugger">débogueur</abbr> dans votre éditeur, par exemple avec Visual Studio Code ou PyCharm.
+
+## Faites appel à `uvicorn`
+
+Dans votre application FastAPI, importez et exécutez directement `uvicorn` :
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  15"
+{!../../../docs_src/debugging/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+### À propos de `__name__ == "__main__"`
+
+Le but principal de `__name__ == "__main__"` est d'avoir du code qui est exécuté lorsque votre fichier est appelé avec :
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python myapp.py
+```
+
+</div>
+
+mais qui n'est pas appelé lorsqu'un autre fichier l'importe, comme dans :
+
+```Python
+from myapp import app
+```
+
+#### Pour davantage de détails
+
+Imaginons que votre fichier s'appelle `myapp.py`.
+
+Si vous l'exécutez avec :
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python myapp.py
+```
+
+</div>
+
+alors la variable interne `__name__` de votre fichier, créée automatiquement par Python, aura pour valeur la chaîne de caractères `"__main__"`.
+
+Ainsi, la section :
+
+```Python
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
+```
+
+va s'exécuter.
+
+---
+
+Cela ne se produira pas si vous importez ce module (fichier).
+
+Par exemple, si vous avez un autre fichier `importer.py` qui contient :
+
+```Python
+from myapp import app
+
+# Code supplémentaire
+```
+
+dans ce cas, la variable automatique `__name__` à l'intérieur de `myapp.py` n'aura pas la valeur `"__main__"`.
+
+Ainsi, la ligne :
+
+```Python
+    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
+```
+
+ne sera pas exécutée.
+
+!!! info
+Pour plus d'informations, consultez <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/__main__.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">la documentation officielle de Python</a>.
+
+## Exécutez votre code avec votre <abbr title="En anglais: debugger">débogueur</abbr>
+
+Parce que vous exécutez le serveur Uvicorn directement depuis votre code, vous pouvez appeler votre programme Python (votre application FastAPI) directement depuis le <abbr title="En anglais: debugger">débogueur</abbr>.
+
+---
+
+Par exemple, dans Visual Studio Code, vous pouvez :
+
+- Cliquer sur l'onglet "Debug" de la barre d'activités de Visual Studio Code.
+- "Add configuration...".
+- Sélectionnez "Python".
+- Lancez le <abbr title="En anglais: debugger">débogueur</abbr> avec l'option "`Python: Current File (Integrated Terminal)`".
+
+Il démarrera alors le serveur avec votre code **FastAPI**, s'arrêtera à vos points d'arrêt, etc.
+
+Voici à quoi cela pourrait ressembler :
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png">
+
+---
+
+Si vous utilisez Pycharm, vous pouvez :
+
+- Ouvrir le menu "Run".
+- Sélectionnez l'option "Debug...".
+- Un menu contextuel s'affiche alors.
+- Sélectionnez le fichier à déboguer (dans ce cas, `main.py`).
+
+Il démarrera alors le serveur avec votre code **FastAPI**, s'arrêtera à vos points d'arrêt, etc.
+
+Voici à quoi cela pourrait ressembler :
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/debugging/image02.png">

docs/fr/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -67,6 +69,11 @@ nav:
   - tutorial/query-params.md
   - tutorial/body.md
   - tutorial/background-tasks.md
+  - tutorial/debugging.md
+- Guide utilisateur avancé:
+  - advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md
+  - advanced/additional-status-codes.md
+  - advanced/additional-responses.md
 - async.md
 - Déploiement:
   - deployment/index.md
@@ -74,6 +81,7 @@ nav:
   - deployment/https.md
   - deployment/deta.md
   - deployment/docker.md
+  - deployment/manually.md
 - project-generation.md
 - alternatives.md
 - history-design-future.md
@@ -101,7 +109,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -132,6 +140,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -152,6 +162,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/he/docs/index.md

@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ item: Item
 
 בשימוש Starlette:
 
--   <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `TestClient`.
+-   <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `TestClient`.
 -   <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש בברירת המחדל של תצורת הטמפלייטים.
 -   <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם לתמוך ב <abbr title="המרת המחרוזת שמגיעה מבקשת HTTP למידע פייתון">"פרסור"</abbr> טפסים, באצמעות <code dir="ltr">request.form()</code>.
 -   <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `SessionMiddleware`.

docs/he/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/hy/docs/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+
+{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!}
+
+
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+    <em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
+</p>
+<p align="center">
+<a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/workflows/Test/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
+</a>
+<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
+</a>
+<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
+    <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/fastapi.svg?color=%2334D058" alt="Supported Python versions">
+</a>
+</p>
+
+---
+
+**Documentation**: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" target="_blank">https://fastapi.tiangolo.com</a>
+
+**Source Code**: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>
+
+---
+
+FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.7+ based on standard Python type hints.
+
+The key features are:
+
+* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
+* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
+* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
+* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
+* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
+* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
+* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+
+<small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
+
+## Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor -%}
+{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
+
+## Opinions
+
+"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/26" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Brian Okken - <strong><a href="https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855" target="_blank">Python Bytes</a> podcast host</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/brianokken/status/1112220079972728832" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_"
+
+"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_"
+
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - <strong><a href="https://explosion.ai" target="_blank">Explosion AI</a> founders - <a href="https://spacy.io" target="_blank">spaCy</a> creators</strong> <a href="https://twitter.com/_inesmontani/status/1144173225322143744" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a> - <a href="https://twitter.com/honnibal/status/1144031421859655680" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+
+---
+
+## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
+
+<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
+
+If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Typer**</a>.
+
+**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀
+
+## Requirements
+
+Python 3.7+
+
+FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
+
+* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> for the web parts.
+* <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> for the data parts.
+
+## Installation
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install fastapi
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Example
+
+### Create it
+
+* Create a file `main.py` with:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary>
+
+If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9  14"
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+async def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+**Note**:
+
+If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry" target="_blank">`async` and `await` in the docs</a>.
+
+</details>
+
+### Run it
+
+Run the server with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uvicorn main:app --reload
+
+INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+INFO:     Started reloader process [28720]
+INFO:     Started server process [28722]
+INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
+INFO:     Application startup complete.
+```
+
+</div>
+
+<details markdown="1">
+<summary>About the command <code>uvicorn main:app --reload</code>...</summary>
+
+The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:
+
+* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
+* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.
+* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development.
+
+</details>
+
+### Check it
+
+Open your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery</a>.
+
+You will see the JSON response as:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+You already created an API that:
+
+* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`.
+* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_).
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`.
+* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`.
+
+### Interactive API docs
+
+Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs
+
+And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
+
+You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+## Example upgrade
+
+Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
+
+Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
+
+```Python hl_lines="4  9-12  25-27"
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    price: float
+    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+
+
+@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
+def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above).
+
+### Interactive API docs upgrade
+
+Now go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body:
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
+
+* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png)
+
+* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen:
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png)
+
+### Alternative API docs upgrade
+
+And now, go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>.
+
+* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body:
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
+
+### Recap
+
+In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
+
+You do that with standard modern Python types.
+
+You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
+
+Just standard **Python 3.7+**.
+
+For example, for an `int`:
+
+```Python
+item_id: int
+```
+
+or for a more complex `Item` model:
+
+```Python
+item: Item
+```
+
+...and with that single declaration you get:
+
+* Editor support, including:
+    * Completion.
+    * Type checks.
+* Validation of data:
+    * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
+    * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
+    * JSON.
+    * Path parameters.
+    * Query parameters.
+    * Cookies.
+    * Headers.
+    * Forms.
+    * Files.
+* <abbr title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</abbr> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
+    * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
+    * `datetime` objects.
+    * `UUID` objects.
+    * Database models.
+    * ...and many more.
+* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces:
+    * Swagger UI.
+    * ReDoc.
+
+---
+
+Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
+
+* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
+    * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
+* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
+    * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
+    * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
+* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON:
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
+    * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
+    * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
+    * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
+* Convert from and to JSON automatically.
+* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
+    * Interactive documentation systems.
+    * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
+* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.
+
+---
+
+We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works.
+
+Try changing the line with:
+
+```Python
+    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+...from:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_name": item.name ...
+```
+
+...to:
+
+```Python
+        ... "item_price": item.price ...
+```
+
+...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:
+
+![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
+
+For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>.
+
+**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:
+
+* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
+* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
+* A very powerful and easy to use **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</abbr>** system.
+* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
+* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
+* **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
+* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
+    * **WebSockets**
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
+    * **CORS**
+    * **Cookie Sessions**
+    * ...and more.
+
+## Performance
+
+Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">one of the fastest Python frameworks available</a>, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
+
+To understand more about it, see the section <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/" class="internal-link" target="_blank">Benchmarks</a>.
+
+## Optional Dependencies
+
+Used by Pydantic:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - for faster JSON <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>.
+* <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" target="_blank"><code>email_validator</code></a> - for email validation.
+
+Used by Starlette:
+
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
+* <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
+* <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
+* <a href="https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson" target="_blank"><code>ujson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`.
+
+Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
+
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
+* <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
+
+You can install all of these with `pip install "fastapi[all]"`.
+
+## License
+
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.

docs/hy/mkdocs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+site_name: FastAPI
+site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production
+site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/hy/
+theme:
+  name: material
+  custom_dir: overrides
+  palette:
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: light)'
+    scheme: default
+    primary: teal
+    accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb
+      name: Switch to light mode
+  - media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
+    scheme: slate
+    primary: teal
+    accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb-outline
+      name: Switch to dark mode
+  features:
+  - search.suggest
+  - search.highlight
+  - content.tabs.link
+  icon:
+    repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
+  logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg
+  favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png
+  language: hy
+repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi
+repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
+edit_uri: ''
+plugins:
+- search
+- markdownextradata:
+    data: data
+nav:
+- FastAPI: index.md
+- Languages:
+  - en: /
+  - az: /az/
+  - de: /de/
+  - es: /es/
+  - fa: /fa/
+  - fr: /fr/
+  - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
+  - id: /id/
+  - it: /it/
+  - ja: /ja/
+  - ko: /ko/
+  - nl: /nl/
+  - pl: /pl/
+  - pt: /pt/
+  - ru: /ru/
+  - sq: /sq/
+  - sv: /sv/
+  - tr: /tr/
+  - uk: /uk/
+  - zh: /zh/
+markdown_extensions:
+- toc:
+    permalink: true
+- markdown.extensions.codehilite:
+    guess_lang: false
+- mdx_include:
+    base_path: docs
+- admonition
+- codehilite
+- extra
+- pymdownx.superfences:
+    custom_fences:
+    - name: mermaid
+      class: mermaid
+      format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format ''
+- pymdownx.tabbed:
+    alternate_style: true
+- attr_list
+- md_in_html
+extra:
+  analytics:
+    provider: google
+    property: UA-133183413-1
+  social:
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
+    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord
+    link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter
+    link: https://twitter.com/fastapi
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin
+    link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev
+    link: https://dev.to/tiangolo
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium
+    link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo
+  - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe
+    link: https://tiangolo.com
+  alternate:
+  - link: /
+    name: en - English
+  - link: /az/
+    name: az
+  - link: /de/
+    name: de
+  - link: /es/
+    name: es - español
+  - link: /fa/
+    name: fa
+  - link: /fr/
+    name: fr - français
+  - link: /he/
+    name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
+  - link: /id/
+    name: id
+  - link: /it/
+    name: it - italiano
+  - link: /ja/
+    name: ja - 日本語
+  - link: /ko/
+    name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /nl/
+    name: nl
+  - link: /pl/
+    name: pl
+  - link: /pt/
+    name: pt - português
+  - link: /ru/
+    name: ru - русский язык
+  - link: /sq/
+    name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /sv/
+    name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /tr/
+    name: tr - Türkçe
+  - link: /uk/
+    name: uk - українська мова
+  - link: /zh/
+    name: zh - 汉语
+extra_css:
+- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css
+- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css
+extra_javascript:
+- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js
+- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js

docs/id/docs/index.md

@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/id/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/it/docs/index.md

@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/it/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# WebSocket
+
+**FastAPI**で<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API" class="external-link" target="_blank">WebSocket</a>が使用できます。
+
+## `WebSockets`のインストール
+
+まず `WebSockets`のインストールが必要です。
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install websockets
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## WebSocket クライアント
+
+### 本番環境
+
+本番環境では、React、Vue.js、Angularなどの最新のフレームワークで作成されたフロントエンドを使用しているでしょう。
+
+そして、バックエンドとWebSocketを使用して通信するために、おそらくフロントエンドのユーティリティを使用することになるでしょう。
+
+または、ネイティブコードでWebSocketバックエンドと直接通信するネイティブモバイルアプリケーションがあるかもしれません。
+
+他にも、WebSocketのエンドポイントと通信する方法があるかもしれません。
+
+---
+
+ただし、この例では非常にシンプルなHTML文書といくつかのJavaScriptを、すべてソースコードの中に入れて使用することにします。
+
+もちろん、これは最適な方法ではありませんし、本番環境で使うことはないでしょう。
+
+本番環境では、上記の方法のいずれかの選択肢を採用することになるでしょう。
+
+しかし、これはWebSocketのサーバーサイドに焦点を当て、実用的な例を示す最も簡単な方法です。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  6-38  41-43"
+{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## `websocket` を作成する
+
+**FastAPI** アプリケーションで、`websocket` を作成します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  46-47"
+{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! note "技術詳細"
+    `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket` を使用しても構いません.
+
+    **FastAPI** は開発者の利便性のために、同じ `WebSocket` を提供します。しかし、こちらはStarletteから直接提供されるものです。
+
+## メッセージの送受信
+
+WebSocketルートでは、 `await` を使ってメッセージの送受信ができます。
+
+```Python hl_lines="48-52"
+{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+バイナリやテキストデータ、JSONデータを送受信できます。
+
+## 試してみる
+
+ファイル名が `main.py` である場合、以下の方法でアプリケーションを実行します。
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uvicorn main:app --reload
+
+<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+```
+
+</div>
+
+ブラウザで <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a> を開きます。
+
+次のようなシンプルなページが表示されます。
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image01.png">
+
+入力ボックスにメッセージを入力して送信できます。
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image02.png">
+
+そして、 WebSocketを使用した**FastAPI**アプリケーションが応答します。
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image03.png">
+
+複数のメッセージを送信（および受信）できます。
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image04.png">
+
+そして、これらの通信はすべて同じWebSocket接続を使用します。
+
+## 依存関係
+
+WebSocketエンドポイントでは、`fastapi` から以下をインポートして使用できます。
+
+* `Depends`
+* `Security`
+* `Cookie`
+* `Header`
+* `Path`
+* `Query`
+
+これらは、他のFastAPI エンドポイント/*path operation* の場合と同じように機能します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="58-65  68-83"
+{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    WebSocket で `HTTPException` を発生させることはあまり意味がありません。したがって、WebSocketの接続を直接閉じる方がよいでしょう。
+
+    クロージングコードは、<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1" class="external-link" target="_blank">仕様で定義された有効なコード</a>の中から使用することができます。
+
+    将来的には、どこからでも `raise` できる `WebSocketException` が用意され、専用の例外ハンドラを追加できるようになる予定です。これは、Starlette の <a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/527" class="external-link" target="_blank">PR #527</a> に依存するものです。
+
+### 依存関係を用いてWebSocketsを試してみる
+
+ファイル名が `main.py` である場合、以下の方法でアプリケーションを実行します。
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uvicorn main:app --reload
+
+<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+```
+
+</div>
+
+ブラウザで <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a> を開きます。
+
+クライアントが設定できる項目は以下の通りです。
+
+* パスで使用される「Item ID」
+* クエリパラメータとして使用される「Token」
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    クエリ `token` は依存パッケージによって処理されることに注意してください。
+
+これにより、WebSocketに接続してメッセージを送受信できます。
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image05.png">
+
+## 切断や複数クライアントへの対応
+
+WebSocket接続が閉じられると、 `await websocket.receive_text()` は例外 `WebSocketDisconnect` を発生させ、この例のようにキャッチして処理することができます。
+
+```Python hl_lines="81-83"
+{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+試してみるには、
+
+* いくつかのブラウザタブでアプリを開きます。
+* それらのタブでメッセージを記入してください。
+* そして、タブのうち1つを閉じてください。
+
+これにより例外 `WebSocketDisconnect` が発生し、他のすべてのクライアントは次のようなメッセージを受信します。
+
+```
+Client #1596980209979 left the chat
+```
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    上記のアプリは、複数の WebSocket 接続に対してメッセージを処理し、ブロードキャストする方法を示すための最小限のシンプルな例です。
+
+    しかし、すべての接続がメモリ内の単一のリストで処理されるため、プロセスの実行中にのみ機能し、単一のプロセスでのみ機能することに注意してください。
+
+    もしFastAPIと簡単に統合できて、RedisやPostgreSQLなどでサポートされている、より堅牢なものが必要なら、<a href="https://github.com/encode/broadcaster" class="external-link" target="_blank">encode/broadcaster</a> を確認してください。
+
+## その他のドキュメント
+
+オプションの詳細については、Starletteのドキュメントを確認してください。
+
+* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/websockets/" class="external-link" target="_blank"> `WebSocket` クラス</a>
+* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/endpoints/#websocketendpoint" class="external-link" target="_blank">クラスベースのWebSocket処理</a>

docs/ja/docs/features.md

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ FastAPIには非常に使いやすく、非常に強力な<abbr title='also know
 * **GraphQL**のサポート
 * プロセス内バックグラウンドタスク
 * 起動およびシャットダウンイベント
-* `requests`に基づいて構築されたテストクライアント
+* `httpx`に基づいて構築されたテストクライアント
 * **CORS**、GZip、静的ファイル、ストリーミング応答
 * **セッションとCookie**のサポート
 * テストカバレッジ100%

docs/ja/docs/index.md

@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ item: Item
 - 以下のようなたくさんのおまけ機能(Starlette のおかげです):
   - **WebSockets**
   - **GraphQL**
-  - `requests` や `pytest`をもとにした極限に簡単なテスト
+  - `httpx` や `pytest`をもとにした極限に簡単なテスト
   - **CORS**
   - **クッキーセッション**
   - ...などなど。
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Pydantic によって使用されるもの:
 
 Starlette によって使用されるもの:
 
-- <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - `TestClient`を使用するために必要です。
+- <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - `TestClient`を使用するために必要です。
 - <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - デフォルトのテンプレート設定を使用する場合は必要です。
 - <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>`request.form()`からの変換をサポートしたい場合は必要です。
 - <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - `SessionMiddleware` サポートのためには必要です。

docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20
 
 同様に、デフォルト値を `None` とすることで、オプショナルなクエリパラメータを宣言できます:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
+```Python hl_lines="9"
 {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20
 
 `bool` 型も宣言できます。これは以下の様に変換されます:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
+```Python hl_lines="9"
 {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes
 
 名前で判別されます:
 
-```Python hl_lines="6  8"
+```Python hl_lines="8  10"
 {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!}
 ```
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy
 
 そして当然、あるパラメータを必須に、別のパラメータにデフォルト値を設定し、また別のパラメータをオプショナルにできます:
 
-```Python hl_lines="7"
+```Python hl_lines="10"
 {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!}
 ```
 

docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> のおかげで、**FastAPI** アプリケーションのテストは簡単で楽しいものになっています。
 
-<a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a> がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。
+<a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPX</a> がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。
 
 これを使用すると、**FastAPI** と共に <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> を直接利用できます。
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 `test_` から始まる名前の関数を作成します (これは `pytest` の標準的なコンベンションです)。
 
-`requests` と同じ様に `TestClient` オブジェクトを使用します。
+`httpx` と同じ様に `TestClient` オブジェクトを使用します。
 
 チェックしたい Python の標準的な式と共に、シンプルに `assert` 文を記述します。
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!}
 ```
 
-リクエストに情報を渡せるクライアントが必要で、その方法がわからない場合はいつでも、`requests` での実現方法を検索 (Google) できます。
+リクエストに情報を渡せるクライアントが必要で、その方法がわからない場合はいつでも、`httpx` での実現方法を検索 (Google) できます。
 
 テストでも同じことを行います。
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 * *ヘッダー* を渡すには、`headers` パラメータに `dict` を渡します。
 * *cookies* の場合、 `cookies` パラメータに `dict` です。
 
-(`requests` または `TestClient` を使用して) バックエンドにデータを渡す方法の詳細は、<a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requestsのドキュメント</a>を確認してください。
+(`httpx` または `TestClient` を使用して) バックエンドにデータを渡す方法の詳細は、<a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTPXのドキュメント</a>を確認してください。
 
 !!! info "情報"
     `TestClient` は、Pydanticモデルではなく、JSONに変換できるデータを受け取ることに注意してください。

docs/ja/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ nav:
   - advanced/response-directly.md
   - advanced/custom-response.md
   - advanced/nosql-databases.md
+  - advanced/websockets.md
   - advanced/conditional-openapi.md
 - async.md
 - デプロイ:
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -154,6 +157,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -174,6 +179,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/ko/docs/index.md

@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ item: Item
 * (Starlette 덕분에) 많은 추가 기능:
     * **웹 소켓**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * `requests` 및 `pytest`에 기반한 극히 쉬운 테스트
+    * HTTPX 및 `pytest`에 기반한 극히 쉬운 테스트
     * **CORS**
     * **쿠키 세션**
     * ...기타 등등.
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ Pydantic이 사용하는:
 
 Starlette이 사용하는:
 
-* <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - `TestClient`를 사용하려면 필요.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>HTTPX</code></a> - `TestClient`를 사용하려면 필요.
 * <a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - 기본 템플릿 설정을 사용하려면 필요.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - `request.form()`과 함께 <abbr title="HTTP 요청에서 파이썬 데이터로 가는 문자열 변환">"parsing"</abbr>의 지원을 원하면 필요.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - `SessionMiddleware` 지원을 위해 필요.

docs/ko/docs/tutorial/cors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# 교차 출처 리소스 공유
+
+<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS" class="external-link" target="_blank">CORS 또는 "교차-출처 리소스 공유"</a>란, 브라우저에서 동작하는 프론트엔드가 자바스크립트로 코드로 백엔드와 통신하고, 백엔드는 해당 프론트엔드와 다른 "출처"에 존재하는 상황을 의미합니다.
+
+## 출처
+
+출처란 프로토콜(`http` , `https`), 도메인(`myapp.com`, `localhost`, `localhost.tiangolo.com` ), 그리고 포트(`80`, `443`, `8080` )의 조합을 의미합니다.
+
+따라서, 아래는 모두 상이한 출처입니다:
+
+* `http://localhost`
+* `https://localhost`
+* `http://localhost:8080`
+
+모두 `localhost` 에 있지만, 서로 다른 프로토콜과 포트를 사용하고 있으므로 다른 "출처"입니다.
+
+## 단계
+
+브라우저 내 `http://localhost:8080`에서 동작하는 프론트엔드가 있고, 자바스크립트는 `http://localhost`를 통해 백엔드와 통신한다고 가정해봅시다(포트를 명시하지 않는 경우, 브라우저는 `80` 을 기본 포트로 간주합니다).
+
+그러면 브라우저는 백엔드에 HTTP `OPTIONS` 요청을 보내고, 백엔드에서 이 다른 출처(`http://localhost:8080`)와의 통신을 허가하는 적절한 헤더를 보내면, 브라우저는 프론트엔드의 자바스크립트가 백엔드에 요청을 보낼 수 있도록 합니다.
+
+이를 위해, 백엔드는 "허용된 출처(allowed origins)" 목록을 가지고 있어야만 합니다.
+
+이 경우, 프론트엔드가 제대로 동작하기 위해 `http://localhost:8080`을 목록에 포함해야 합니다.
+
+## 와일드카드
+
+모든 출처를 허용하기 위해 목록을 `"*"` ("와일드카드")로 선언하는 것도 가능합니다.
+
+하지만 이것은 특정한 유형의 통신만을 허용하며, 쿠키 및 액세스 토큰과 사용되는 인증 헤더(Authoriztion header) 등이 포함된 경우와 같이 자격 증명(credentials)이 포함된 통신은 허용되지 않습니다.
+
+따라서 모든 작업을 의도한대로 실행하기 위해, 허용되는 출처를 명시적으로 지정하는 것이 좋습니다.
+
+## `CORSMiddleware` 사용
+
+`CORSMiddleware` 을 사용하여 **FastAPI** 응용 프로그램의 교차 출처 리소스 공유 환경을 설정할 수 있습니다.
+
+* `CORSMiddleware` 임포트.
+* 허용되는 출처(문자열 형식)의 리스트 생성.
+* FastAPI 응용 프로그램에 "미들웨어(middleware)"로 추가.
+
+백엔드에서 다음의 사항을 허용할지에 대해 설정할 수도 있습니다:
+
+* 자격증명 (인증 헤더, 쿠키 등).
+* 특정한 HTTP 메소드(`POST`, `PUT`) 또는 와일드카드 `"*"` 를 사용한 모든 HTTP 메소드.
+* 특정한 HTTP 헤더 또는 와일드카드 `"*"` 를 사용한 모든 HTTP 헤더.
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  6-11  13-19"
+{!../../../docs_src/cors/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+`CORSMiddleware` 에서 사용하는 기본 매개변수는 제한적이므로, 브라우저가 교차-도메인 상황에서 특정한 출처, 메소드, 헤더 등을 사용할 수 있도록 하려면 이들을 명시적으로 허용해야 합니다.
+
+다음의 인자들이 지원됩니다:
+
+* `allow_origins` - 교차-출처 요청을 보낼 수 있는 출처의 리스트입니다. 예) `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. 모든 출처를 허용하기 위해 `['*']` 를 사용할 수 있습니다.
+* `allow_origin_regex` - 교차-출처 요청을 보낼 수 있는 출처를 정규표현식 문자열로 나타냅니다.  `'https://.*\.example\.org'`.
+* `allow_methods` - 교차-출처 요청을 허용하는 HTTP 메소드의 리스트입니다. 기본값은 `['GET']` 입니다. `['*']` 을 사용하여 모든 표준 메소드들을 허용할 수 있습니다.
+* `allow_headers` - 교차-출처를 지원하는 HTTP 요청 헤더의 리스트입니다. 기본값은 `[]` 입니다. 모든 헤더들을 허용하기 위해 `['*']` 를 사용할 수 있습니다. `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` 그리고 `Content-Type` 헤더는 CORS 요청시 언제나 허용됩니다.
+* `allow_credentials` - 교차-출처 요청시 쿠키 지원 여부를 설정합니다. 기본값은 `False` 입니다. 또한 해당 항목을 허용할 경우 `allow_origins` 는 `['*']` 로 설정할 수 없으며, 출처를 반드시 특정해야 합니다.
+* `expose_headers` - 브라우저에 접근할 수 있어야 하는 모든 응답 헤더를 가리킵니다. 기본값은 `[]` 입니다.
+* `max_age` - 브라우저가 CORS 응답을 캐시에 저장하는 최대 시간을 초 단위로 설정합니다. 기본값은 `600` 입니다.
+
+미들웨어는 두가지 특정한 종류의 HTTP 요청에 응답합니다...
+
+### CORS 사전 요청
+
+`Origin` 및 `Access-Control-Request-Method` 헤더와 함께 전송하는 모든 `OPTIONS` 요청입니다.
+
+이 경우 미들웨어는 들어오는 요청을 가로채 적절한 CORS 헤더와, 정보 제공을 위한 `200` 또는 `400` 응답으로 응답합니다.
+
+### 단순한 요청
+
+`Origin` 헤더를 가진 모든 요청. 이 경우 미들웨어는 요청을 정상적으로 전달하지만, 적절한 CORS 헤더를 응답에 포함시킵니다.
+
+## 더 많은 정보
+
+<abbr title="교차-출처 리소스 공유">CORS</abbr>에 대한 더 많은 정보를 알고싶다면, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/ko/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mozilla CORS 문서</a>를 참고하기 바랍니다.
+
+!!! note "기술적 세부 사항"
+    `from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware` 역시 사용할 수 있습니다.
+
+    **FastAPI**는 개발자인 당신의 편의를 위해 `fastapi.middleware` 에서 몇가지의 미들웨어를 제공합니다. 하지만 대부분의 미들웨어가 Stralette으로부터 직접 제공됩니다.

docs/ko/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ nav:
   - tutorial/request-files.md
   - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
   - tutorial/encoder.md
+  - tutorial/cors.md
 markdown_extensions:
 - toc:
     permalink: true
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -122,6 +125,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -142,6 +147,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/nl/docs/index.md

@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fa
 * **GraphQL** integration with <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> and other libraries.
 * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
     * **WebSockets**
-    * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest`
+    * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...and more.
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.

docs/nl/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -131,6 +135,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/pl/docs/index.md

@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Dla bardziej kompletnych przykładów posiadających więcej funkcjonalności, z
 * Wiele dodatkowych funkcji (dzięki Starlette) takie jak:
     * **WebSockety**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * bardzo proste testy bazujące na `requests` oraz `pytest`
+    * bardzo proste testy bazujące na HTTPX oraz `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Sesje cookie**
     * ...i więcej.
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ Używane przez Pydantic:
 
 Używane przez Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz korzystać z `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz korzystać z `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz korzystać z `FileResponse` albo `StaticFiles`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz używać domyślnej konfiguracji szablonów.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Wymagane jeżelich chcesz wsparcie <abbr title="przetwarzania stringa którzy przychodzi z żądaniem HTTP na dane używane przez Pythona">"parsowania"</abbr> formularzy, używając `request.form()`.

docs/pl/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -114,6 +116,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -134,6 +138,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md

@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+# FastAPI em contêineres - Docker
+
+Ao fazer o deploy de aplicações FastAPI uma abordagem comum é construir uma **imagem de contêiner Linux**. Isso normalmente é feito usando o <a href="https://www.docker.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Docker**</a>. Você pode a partir disso fazer o deploy dessa imagem de algumas maneiras.
+
+Usando contêineres Linux você tem diversas vantagens incluindo **segurança**, **replicabilidade**, **simplicidade**, entre outras.
+
+!!! Dica
+    Está com pressa e já sabe dessas coisas? Pode ir direto para [`Dockerfile` abaixo 👇](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi).
+
+
+<details>
+<summary>Visualização do Dockerfile 👀</summary>
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM python:3.9
+
+WORKDIR /code
+
+COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
+
+COPY ./app /code/app
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+
+# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers
+# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"]
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## O que é um Contêiner
+
+Contêineres (especificamente contêineres Linux) são um jeito muito **leve** de empacotar aplicações contendo todas as dependências e arquivos necessários enquanto os mantém isolados de outros contêineres (outras aplicações ou componentes) no mesmo sistema.
+
+Contêineres Linux rodam usando o mesmo kernel Linux do hospedeiro (máquina, máquina virtual, servidor na nuvem, etc). Isso simplesmente significa que eles são muito leves (comparados com máquinas virtuais emulando um sistema operacional completo).
+
+Dessa forma, contêineres consomem **poucos recursos**, uma quantidade comparável com rodar os processos diretamente (uma máquina virtual consumiria muito mais).
+
+Contêineres também possuem seus próprios processos (comumente um único processo), sistema de arquivos e rede **isolados** simplificando deploy, segurança, desenvolvimento, etc.
+
+## O que é uma Imagem de Contêiner
+
+Um **contêiner** roda a partir de uma **imagem de contêiner**.
+
+Uma imagem de contêiner é uma versão **estática** de todos os arquivos, variáveis de ambiente e do comando/programa padrão que deve estar presente num contêiner. **Estática** aqui significa que a **imagem** de contêiner não está rodando, não está sendo executada, somente contém os arquivos e metadados empacotados.
+
+Em contraste com a "**imagem de contêiner**" que contém os conteúdos estáticos armazenados, um "**contêiner**" normalmente se refere à instância rodando, a coisa que está sendo **executada**.
+
+Quando o **contêiner** é iniciado e está rodando (iniciado a partir de uma **imagem de contêiner**), ele pode criar ou modificar arquivos, variáveis de ambiente, etc. Essas mudanças vão existir somente nesse contêiner, mas não persistirão na imagem subjacente do container (não serão salvas no disco).
+
+Uma imagem de contêiner é comparável ao arquivo de **programa** e seus conteúdos, ex.: `python` e algum arquivo `main.py`.
+
+E o **contêiner** em si (em contraste à **imagem de contêiner**) é a própria instância da imagem rodando, comparável a um **processo**. Na verdade, um contêiner está rodando somente quando há um **processo rodando** (e normalmente é somente um processo). O contêiner finaliza quando não há um processo rodando nele.
+
+## Imagens de contêiner
+
+Docker tem sido uma das principais ferramentas para criar e gerenciar **imagens de contêiner** e **contêineres**.
+
+E existe um <a href="https://hub.docker.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Docker Hub</a> público com **imagens de contêiner oficiais** pré-prontas para diversas ferramentas, ambientes, bancos de dados e aplicações.
+
+Por exemplo, há uma <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/python" class="external-link" target="_blank">Imagem Python</a> oficial.
+
+E existe muitas outras imagens para diferentes coisas, como bancos de dados, por exemplo:
+
+* <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres" class="external-link" target="_blank">PostgreSQL</a>
+* <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql" class="external-link" target="_blank">MySQL</a>
+* <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/mongo" class="external-link" target="_blank">MongoDB</a>
+* <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/redis" class="external-link" target="_blank">Redis</a>, etc.
+
+Usando imagens de contêiner pré-prontas é muito fácil **combinar** e usar diferentes ferramentas. Por exemplo, para testar um novo banco de dados. Em muitos casos, você pode usar as **imagens oficiais** precisando somente de variáveis de ambiente para configurá-las.
+
+Dessa forma, em muitos casos você pode aprender sobre contêineres e Docker e re-usar essa experiência com diversos componentes e ferramentas.
+
+Então, você rodaria **vários contêineres** com coisas diferentes, como um banco de dados, uma aplicação Python, um servidor web com uma aplicação frontend React, e conectá-los juntos via sua rede interna.
+
+Todos os sistemas de gerenciamento de contêineres (como Docker ou Kubernetes) possuem essas funcionalidades de rede integradas a eles.
+
+## Contêineres e Processos
+
+Uma **imagem de contêiner** normalmente inclui em seus metadados o programa padrão ou comando que deve ser executado quando o **contêiner** é iniciado e os parâmetros a serem passados para esse programa. Muito similar ao que seria se estivesse na linha de comando.
+
+Quando um **contêiner** é iniciado, ele irá rodar esse comando/programa (embora você possa sobrescrevê-lo e fazer com que ele rode um comando/programa diferente).
+
+Um contêiner está rodando enquanto o **processo principal** (comando ou programa) estiver rodando.
+
+Um contêiner normalmente tem um **único processo**, mas também é possível iniciar sub-processos a partir do processo principal, e dessa forma você terá **vários processos** no mesmo contêiner.
+
+Mas não é possível ter um contêiner rodando sem **pelo menos um processo rodando**. Se o processo principal parar, o contêiner também para.
+
+## Construindo uma Imagem Docker para FastAPI
+
+Okay, vamos construir algo agora! 🚀
+
+Eu vou mostrar como construir uma **imagem Docker** para FastAPI **do zero**, baseado na **imagem oficial do Python**.
+
+Isso é o que você quer fazer na **maioria dos casos**, por exemplo:
+
+* Usando **Kubernetes** ou ferramentas similares
+* Quando rodando em uma **Raspberry Pi**
+* Usando um serviço em nuvem que irá rodar uma imagem de contêiner para você, etc.
+
+### O Pacote Requirements
+
+Você normalmente teria os **requisitos do pacote** para sua aplicação em algum arquivo.
+
+Isso pode depender principalmente da ferramenta que você usa para **instalar** esses requisitos.
+
+O caminho mais comum de fazer isso é ter um arquivo `requirements.txt` com os nomes dos pacotes e suas versões, um por linha.
+
+Você, naturalmente, usaria as mesmas ideias que você leu em [Sobre Versões do FastAPI](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} para definir os intervalos de versões.
+
+Por exemplo, seu `requirements.txt` poderia parecer com:
+
+```
+fastapi>=0.68.0,<0.69.0
+pydantic>=1.8.0,<2.0.0
+uvicorn>=0.15.0,<0.16.0
+```
+
+E você normalmente instalaria essas dependências de pacote com `pip`, por exemplo:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install -r requirements.txt
+---> 100%
+Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn
+```
+
+</div>
+
+!!! info
+    Há outros formatos e ferramentas para definir e instalar dependências de pacote.
+
+    Eu vou mostrar um exemplo depois usando Poetry em uma seção abaixo. 👇
+
+### Criando o Código do **FastAPI**
+
+* Crie um diretório `app` e entre nele.
+* Crie um arquivo vazio `__init__.py`.
+* Crie um arquivo `main.py` com:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+### Dockerfile
+
+Agora, no mesmo diretório do projeto, crie um arquivo `Dockerfile` com:
+
+```{ .dockerfile .annotate }
+# (1)
+FROM python:3.9
+
+# (2)
+WORKDIR /code
+
+# (3)
+COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
+
+# (4)
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
+
+# (5)
+COPY ./app /code/app
+
+# (6)
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+1. Inicie a partir da imagem base oficial do Python.
+
+2. Defina o diretório de trabalho atual para `/code`.
+
+    Esse é o diretório onde colocaremos o arquivo `requirements.txt` e o diretório `app`.
+
+3. Copie o arquivo com os requisitos para o diretório `/code`.
+
+    Copie **somente** o arquivo com os requisitos primeiro, não o resto do código.
+
+    Como esse arquivo **não muda com frequência**, o Docker irá detectá-lo e usar o **cache** para esse passo, habilitando o cache para o próximo passo também.
+
+4. Instale as dependências de pacote vindas do arquivo de requisitos.
+
+    A opção `--no-cache-dir` diz ao `pip` para não salvar os pacotes baixados localmente, pois isso só aconteceria se `pip` fosse executado novamente para instalar os mesmos pacotes, mas esse não é o caso quando trabalhamos com contêineres.
+
+    !!! note
+        `--no-cache-dir` é apenas relacionado ao `pip`, não tem nada a ver com Docker ou contêineres.
+
+    A opção `--upgrade` diz ao `pip` para atualizar os pacotes se eles já estiverem instalados.
+
+    Por causa do passo anterior de copiar o arquivo, ele pode ser detectado pelo **cache do Docker**, esse passo também **usará o cache do Docker** quando disponível.
+
+    Usando o cache nesse passo irá **salvar** muito **tempo** quando você for construir a imagem repetidas vezes durante o desenvolvimento, ao invés de **baixar e instalar** todas as dependências **toda vez**.
+
+5. Copie o diretório `./app` dentro do diretório `/code`.
+
+    Como isso tem todo o código contendo o que **muda com mais frequência**, o **cache do Docker** não será usado para esse passo ou para **qualquer passo seguinte** facilmente.
+
+    Então, é importante colocar isso **perto do final** do `Dockerfile`, para otimizar o tempo de construção da imagem do contêiner.
+
+6. Defina o **comando** para rodar o servidor `uvicorn`.
+
+    `CMD` recebe uma lista de strings, cada uma dessas strings é o que você digitaria na linha de comando separado por espaços.
+
+    Esse comando será executado a partir do **diretório de trabalho atual**, o mesmo diretório `/code` que você definiu acima com `WORKDIR /code`.
+
+    Porque o programa será iniciado em `/code` e dentro dele está o diretório `./app` com seu código, o **Uvicorn** será capaz de ver e **importar** `app` de `app.main`.
+
+!!! tip
+    Revise o que cada linha faz clicando em cada bolha com o número no código. 👆
+
+Agora você deve ter uma estrutura de diretório como:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   ├── __init__.py
+│   └── main.py
+├── Dockerfile
+└── requirements.txt
+```
+
+#### Por Trás de um Proxy de Terminação TLS
+
+Se você está executando seu contêiner atrás de um Proxy de Terminação TLS (load balancer) como Nginx ou Traefik, adicione a opção `--proxy-headers`, isso fará com que o Uvicorn confie nos cabeçalhos enviados por esse proxy, informando que o aplicativo está sendo executado atrás do HTTPS, etc.
+
+```Dockerfile
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+#### Cache Docker
+
+Existe um truque importante nesse `Dockerfile`, primeiro copiamos o **arquivo com as dependências sozinho**, não o resto do código. Deixe-me te contar o porquê disso.
+
+```Dockerfile
+COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
+```
+
+Docker e outras ferramentas **constróem** essas imagens de contêiner **incrementalmente**, adicionando **uma camada em cima da outra**, começando do topo do `Dockerfile` e adicionando qualquer arquivo criado por cada uma das instruções do `Dockerfile`.
+
+Docker e ferramentas similares também usam um **cache interno** ao construir a imagem, se um arquivo não mudou desde a última vez que a imagem do contêiner foi construída, então ele irá **reutilizar a mesma camada** criada na última vez, ao invés de copiar o arquivo novamente e criar uma nova camada do zero.
+
+Somente evitar a cópia de arquivos não melhora muito as coisas, mas porque ele usou o cache para esse passo, ele pode **usar o cache para o próximo passo**. Por exemplo, ele pode usar o cache para a instrução que instala as dependências com:
+
+```Dockerfile
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
+```
+
+O arquivo com os requisitos de pacote **não muda com frequência**. Então, ao copiar apenas esse arquivo, o Docker será capaz de **usar o cache** para esse passo.
+
+E então, o Docker será capaz de **usar o cache para o próximo passo** que baixa e instala essas dependências. E é aqui que **salvamos muito tempo**. ✨ ...e evitamos tédio esperando. 😪😆
+
+Baixar e instalar as dependências do pacote **pode levar minutos**, mas usando o **cache** leva **segundos** no máximo.
+
+E como você estaria construindo a imagem do contêiner novamente e novamente durante o desenvolvimento para verificar se suas alterações de código estão funcionando, há muito tempo acumulado que isso economizaria.
+
+A partir daí, perto do final do `Dockerfile`, copiamos todo o código. Como isso é o que **muda com mais frequência**, colocamos perto do final, porque quase sempre, qualquer coisa depois desse passo não será capaz de usar o cache.
+
+```Dockerfile
+COPY ./app /code/app
+```
+
+### Construindo a Imagem Docker
+
+Agora que todos os arquivos estão no lugar, vamos construir a imagem do contêiner.
+
+* Vá para o diretório do projeto (onde está o seu `Dockerfile`, contendo o diretório `app`).
+* Construa sua imagem FastAPI:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ docker build -t myimage .
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+!!! tip
+    Note o `.` no final, é equivalente a `./`, ele diz ao Docker o diretório a ser usado para construir a imagem do contêiner.
+
+    Nesse caso, é o mesmo diretório atual (`.`).
+
+### Inicie o contêiner Docker
+
+* Execute um contêiner baseado na sua imagem:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ docker run -d --name mycontêiner -p 80:80 myimage
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Verifique
+
+Você deve ser capaz de verificar isso no URL do seu contêiner Docker, por exemplo: <a href="http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery</a> ou <a href="http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery</a> (ou equivalente, usando seu host Docker).
+
+Você verá algo como:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+## Documentação interativa da API
+
+Agora você pode ir para <a href="http://192.168.99.100/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/docs</a> ou <a href="http://127.0.0.1/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/docs</a> (ou equivalente, usando seu host Docker).
+
+Você verá a documentação interativa automática da API (fornecida pelo <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+## Documentação alternativa da API
+
+E você também pode ir para <a href="http://192.168.99.100/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/redoc</a> ou <a href="http://127.0.0.1/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/redoc</a> (ou equivalente, usando seu host Docker).
+
+Você verá a documentação alternativa automática (fornecida pela <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+## Construindo uma Imagem Docker com um Arquivo Único FastAPI
+
+Se seu FastAPI for um único arquivo, por exemplo, `main.py` sem um diretório `./app`, sua estrutura de arquivos poderia ser assim:
+
+```
+.
+├── Dockerfile
+├── main.py
+└── requirements.txt
+```
+
+Então você só teria que alterar os caminhos correspondentes para copiar o arquivo dentro do `Dockerfile`:
+
+```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10  13" }
+FROM python:3.9
+
+WORKDIR /code
+
+COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
+
+# (1)
+COPY ./main.py /code/
+
+# (2)
+CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+1. Copie o arquivo `main.py` para o diretório `/code` diretamente (sem nenhum diretório `./app`).
+
+2. Execute o Uvicorn e diga a ele para importar o objeto `app` de `main` (em vez de importar de `app.main`).
+
+Então ajuste o comando Uvicorn para usar o novo módulo `main` em vez de `app.main` para importar o objeto FastAPI `app`.
+
+## Conceitos de Implantação
+
+Vamos falar novamente sobre alguns dos mesmos [Conceitos de Implantação](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank} em termos de contêineres.
+
+Contêineres são principalmente uma ferramenta para simplificar o processo de **construção e implantação** de um aplicativo, mas eles não impõem uma abordagem particular para lidar com esses **conceitos de implantação** e existem várias estratégias possíveis.
+
+A **boa notícia** é que com cada estratégia diferente há uma maneira de cobrir todos os conceitos de implantação. 🎉
+
+Vamos revisar esses **conceitos de implantação** em termos de contêineres:
+
+* HTTPS
+* Executando na inicialização
+* Reinicializações
+* Replicação (número de processos rodando)
+* Memória
+* Passos anteriores antes de começar
+
+## HTTPS
+
+Se nos concentrarmos apenas na **imagem do contêiner** para um aplicativo FastAPI (e posteriormente no **contêiner** em execução), o HTTPS normalmente seria tratado **externamente** por outra ferramenta.
+
+Isso poderia ser outro contêiner, por exemplo, com <a href="https://traefik.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Traefik</a>, lidando com **HTTPS** e aquisição **automática** de **certificados**.
+
+!!! tip
+    Traefik tem integrações com Docker, Kubernetes e outros, portanto, é muito fácil configurar e configurar o HTTPS para seus contêineres com ele.
+
+Alternativamente, o HTTPS poderia ser tratado por um provedor de nuvem como um de seus serviços (enquanto ainda executasse o aplicativo em um contêiner).
+
+## Executando na inicialização e reinicializações
+
+Normalmente, outra ferramenta é responsável por **iniciar e executar** seu contêiner.
+
+Ela poderia ser o **Docker** diretamente, **Docker Compose**, **Kubernetes**, um **serviço de nuvem**, etc.
+
+Na maioria (ou em todos) os casos, há uma opção simples para habilitar a execução do contêiner na inicialização e habilitar reinicializações em falhas. Por exemplo, no Docker, é a opção de linha de comando `--restart`.
+
+Sem usar contêineres, fazer aplicativos executarem na inicialização e com reinicializações pode ser trabalhoso e difícil. Mas quando **trabalhando com contêineres** em muitos casos essa funcionalidade é incluída por padrão. ✨
+
+## Replicação - Número de Processos
+
+Se você tiver um <abbr title="Um grupo de máquinas que são configuradas para estarem conectadas e trabalharem juntas de alguma forma">cluster</abbr> de máquinas com **Kubernetes**, Docker Swarm Mode, Nomad ou outro sistema complexo semelhante para gerenciar contêineres distribuídos em várias máquinas, então provavelmente desejará **lidar com a replicação** no **nível do cluster** em vez de usar um **gerenciador de processos** (como o Gunicorn com workers) em cada contêiner.
+
+Um desses sistemas de gerenciamento de contêineres distribuídos como o Kubernetes normalmente tem alguma maneira integrada de lidar com a **replicação de contêineres** enquanto ainda oferece **balanceamento de carga** para as solicitações recebidas. Tudo no **nível do cluster**.
+
+Nesses casos, você provavelmente desejará criar uma **imagem do contêiner do zero** como [explicado acima](#dockerfile), instalando suas dependências e executando **um único processo Uvicorn** em vez de executar algo como Gunicorn com trabalhadores Uvicorn.
+
+### Balanceamento de Carga
+
+Quando usando contêineres, normalmente você terá algum componente **escutando na porta principal**. Poderia ser outro contêiner que também é um **Proxy de Terminação TLS** para lidar com **HTTPS** ou alguma ferramenta semelhante.
+
+Como esse componente assumiria a **carga** de solicitações e distribuiria isso entre os trabalhadores de uma maneira (esperançosamente) **balanceada**, ele também é comumente chamado de **Balanceador de Carga**.
+
+!!! tip
+    O mesmo componente **Proxy de Terminação TLS** usado para HTTPS provavelmente também seria um **Balanceador de Carga**.
+
+E quando trabalhar com contêineres, o mesmo sistema que você usa para iniciar e gerenciá-los já terá ferramentas internas para transmitir a **comunicação de rede** (por exemplo, solicitações HTTP) do **balanceador de carga** (que também pode ser um **Proxy de Terminação TLS**) para o(s) contêiner(es) com seu aplicativo.
+
+### Um Balanceador de Carga - Múltiplos Contêineres de Workers
+
+Quando trabalhando com **Kubernetes** ou sistemas similares de gerenciamento de contêiner distribuído, usando seus mecanismos de rede internos permitiria que o único **balanceador de carga** que estivesse escutando na **porta principal** transmitisse comunicação (solicitações) para possivelmente **múltiplos contêineres** executando seu aplicativo.
+
+Cada um desses contêineres executando seu aplicativo normalmente teria **apenas um processo** (ex.: um processo Uvicorn executando seu aplicativo FastAPI). Todos seriam **contêineres idênticos**, executando a mesma coisa, mas cada um com seu próprio processo, memória, etc. Dessa forma, você aproveitaria a **paralelização** em **núcleos diferentes** da CPU, ou até mesmo em **máquinas diferentes**.
+
+E o sistema de contêiner com o **balanceador de carga** iria **distribuir as solicitações** para cada um dos contêineres com seu aplicativo **em turnos**. Portanto, cada solicitação poderia ser tratada por um dos múltiplos **contêineres replicados** executando seu aplicativo.
+
+E normalmente esse **balanceador de carga** seria capaz de lidar com solicitações que vão para *outros* aplicativos em seu cluster (por exemplo, para um domínio diferente, ou sob um prefixo de URL diferente), e transmitiria essa comunicação para os contêineres certos para *esse outro* aplicativo em execução em seu cluster.
+
+### Um Processo por Contêiner
+
+Nesse tipo de cenário, provavelmente você desejará ter **um único processo (Uvicorn) por contêiner**, pois já estaria lidando com a replicação no nível do cluster.
+
+Então, nesse caso, você **não** desejará ter um gerenciador de processos como o Gunicorn com trabalhadores Uvicorn, ou o Uvicorn usando seus próprios trabalhadores Uvicorn. Você desejará ter apenas um **único processo Uvicorn** por contêiner (mas provavelmente vários contêineres).
+
+Tendo outro gerenciador de processos dentro do contêiner (como seria com o Gunicorn ou o Uvicorn gerenciando trabalhadores Uvicorn) só adicionaria **complexidade desnecessária** que você provavelmente já está cuidando com seu sistema de cluster.
+
+### Contêineres com Múltiplos Processos e Casos Especiais
+
+Claro, existem **casos especiais** em que você pode querer ter um **contêiner** com um **gerenciador de processos Gunicorn** iniciando vários **processos trabalhadores Uvicorn** dentro.
+
+Nesses casos, você pode usar a **imagem oficial do Docker** que inclui o **Gunicorn** como um gerenciador de processos executando vários **processos trabalhadores Uvicorn**, e algumas configurações padrão para ajustar o número de trabalhadores com base nos atuais núcleos da CPU automaticamente. Eu vou te contar mais sobre isso abaixo em [Imagem Oficial do Docker com Gunicorn - Uvicorn](#imagem-oficial-do-docker-com-gunicorn-uvicorn).
+
+Aqui estão alguns exemplos de quando isso pode fazer sentido:
+
+#### Um Aplicativo Simples
+
+Você pode querer um gerenciador de processos no contêiner se seu aplicativo for **simples o suficiente** para que você não precise (pelo menos não agora) ajustar muito o número de processos, e você pode simplesmente usar um padrão automatizado (com a imagem oficial do Docker), e você está executando em um **único servidor**, não em um cluster.
+
+#### Docker Compose
+
+Você pode estar implantando em um **único servidor** (não em um cluster) com o **Docker Compose**, então você não teria uma maneira fácil de gerenciar a replicação de contêineres (com o Docker Compose) enquanto preserva a rede compartilhada e o **balanceamento de carga**.
+
+Então você pode querer ter **um único contêiner** com um **gerenciador de processos** iniciando **vários processos trabalhadores** dentro.
+
+#### Prometheus and Outros Motivos
+
+Você também pode ter **outros motivos** que tornariam mais fácil ter um **único contêiner** com **múltiplos processos** em vez de ter **múltiplos contêineres** com **um único processo** em cada um deles.
+
+Por exemplo (dependendo de sua configuração), você poderia ter alguma ferramenta como um exportador do Prometheus no mesmo contêiner que deve ter acesso a **cada uma das solicitações** que chegam.
+
+Nesse caso, se você tivesse **múltiplos contêineres**, por padrão, quando o Prometheus fosse **ler as métricas**, ele receberia as métricas de **um único contêiner cada vez** (para o contêiner que tratou essa solicitação específica), em vez de receber as **métricas acumuladas** de todos os contêineres replicados.
+
+Então, nesse caso, poderia ser mais simples ter **um único contêiner** com **múltiplos processos**, e uma ferramenta local (por exemplo, um exportador do Prometheus) no mesmo contêiner coletando métricas do Prometheus para todos os processos internos e expor essas métricas no único contêiner.
+
+---
+
+O ponto principal é que **nenhum** desses são **regras escritas em pedra** que você deve seguir cegamente. Você pode usar essas idéias para **avaliar seu próprio caso de uso** e decidir qual é a melhor abordagem para seu sistema, verificando como gerenciar os conceitos de:
+
+* Segurança - HTTPS
+* Executando na inicialização
+* Reinicializações
+* Replicação (o número de processos em execução)
+* Memória
+* Passos anteriores antes de inicializar
+
+## Memória
+
+Se você executar **um único processo por contêiner**, terá uma quantidade mais ou menos bem definida, estável e limitada de memória consumida por cada um desses contêineres (mais de um se eles forem replicados).
+
+E então você pode definir esses mesmos limites e requisitos de memória em suas configurações para seu sistema de gerenciamento de contêineres (por exemplo, no **Kubernetes**). Dessa forma, ele poderá **replicar os contêineres** nas **máquinas disponíveis** levando em consideração a quantidade de memória necessária por eles e a quantidade disponível nas máquinas no cluster.
+
+Se sua aplicação for **simples**, isso provavelmente **não será um problema**, e você pode não precisar especificar limites de memória rígidos. Mas se você estiver **usando muita memória** (por exemplo, com **modelos de aprendizado de máquina**), deve verificar quanta memória está consumindo e ajustar o **número de contêineres** que executa em **cada máquina** (e talvez adicionar mais máquinas ao seu cluster).
+
+Se você executar **múltiplos processos por contêiner** (por exemplo, com a imagem oficial do Docker), deve garantir que o número de processos iniciados não **consuma mais memória** do que o disponível.
+
+## Passos anteriores antes de inicializar e contêineres
+
+Se você estiver usando contêineres (por exemplo, Docker, Kubernetes), existem duas abordagens principais que você pode usar.
+
+### Contêineres Múltiplos
+
+Se você tiver **múltiplos contêineres**, provavelmente cada um executando um **único processo** (por exemplo, em um cluster do **Kubernetes**), então provavelmente você gostaria de ter um **contêiner separado** fazendo o trabalho dos **passos anteriores** em um único contêiner, executando um único processo, **antes** de executar os contêineres trabalhadores replicados.
+
+!!! info
+    Se você estiver usando o Kubernetes, provavelmente será um <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Init Container</a>.
+
+Se no seu caso de uso não houver problema em executar esses passos anteriores **em paralelo várias vezes** (por exemplo, se você não estiver executando migrações de banco de dados, mas apenas verificando se o banco de dados está pronto), então você também pode colocá-los em cada contêiner logo antes de iniciar o processo principal.
+
+### Contêiner Único
+
+Se você tiver uma configuração simples, com um **único contêiner** que então inicia vários **processos trabalhadores** (ou também apenas um processo), então poderia executar esses passos anteriores no mesmo contêiner, logo antes de iniciar o processo com o aplicativo. A imagem oficial do Docker suporta isso internamente.
+
+## Imagem Oficial do Docker com Gunicorn - Uvicorn
+
+Há uma imagem oficial do Docker que inclui o Gunicorn executando com trabalhadores Uvicorn, conforme detalhado em um capítulo anterior: [Server Workers - Gunicorn com Uvicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+Essa imagem seria útil principalmente nas situações descritas acima em: [Contêineres com Múltiplos Processos e Casos Especiais](#contêineres-com-múltiplos-processos-e-casos-Especiais).
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.
+
+!!! warning
+    Existe uma grande chance de que você **não** precise dessa imagem base ou de qualquer outra semelhante, e seria melhor construir a imagem do zero, como [descrito acima em: Construa uma Imagem Docker para o FastAPI](#construa-uma-imagem-docker-para-o-fastapi).
+
+Essa imagem tem um mecanismo de **auto-ajuste** incluído para definir o **número de processos trabalhadores** com base nos núcleos de CPU disponíveis.
+
+Isso tem **padrões sensíveis**, mas você ainda pode alterar e atualizar todas as configurações com **variáveis de ambiente** ou arquivos de configuração.
+
+Há também suporte para executar <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker#pre_start_path" class="external-link" target="_blank">**passos anteriores antes de iniciar**</a> com um script.
+
+!!! tip
+    Para ver todas as configurações e opções, vá para a página da imagem Docker:  <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.
+
+### Número de Processos na Imagem Oficial do Docker
+
+O **número de processos** nesta imagem é **calculado automaticamente** a partir dos **núcleos de CPU** disponíveis.
+
+Isso significa que ele tentará **aproveitar** o máximo de **desempenho** da CPU possível.
+
+Você também pode ajustá-lo com as configurações usando **variáveis de ambiente**, etc.
+
+Mas isso também significa que, como o número de processos depende da CPU do contêiner em execução, a **quantidade de memória consumida** também dependerá disso.
+
+Então, se seu aplicativo consumir muito memória (por exemplo, com modelos de aprendizado de máquina), e seu servidor tiver muitos núcleos de CPU **mas pouca memória**, então seu contêiner pode acabar tentando usar mais memória do que está disponível e degradar o desempenho muito (ou até mesmo travar). 🚨
+
+### Criando um `Dockerfile`
+
+Aqui está como você criaria um `Dockerfile` baseado nessa imagem:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9
+
+COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt
+
+COPY ./app /app
+```
+
+### Aplicações Maiores
+
+Se você seguiu a seção sobre a criação de [Aplicações Maiores com Múltiplos Arquivos](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, seu `Dockerfile` pode parecer com isso:
+
+```Dockerfile
+
+```Dockerfile hl_lines="7"
+FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9
+
+COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt
+
+COPY ./app /app/app
+```
+
+### Quando Usar
+
+Você provavelmente **não** deve usar essa imagem base oficial (ou qualquer outra semelhante) se estiver usando **Kubernetes** (ou outros) e já estiver definindo **replicação** no nível do cluster, com vários **contêineres**. Nesses casos, é melhor **construir uma imagem do zero** conforme descrito acima: [Construindo uma Imagem Docker para FastAPI](#construindo-uma-imagem-docker-para-fastapi).
+
+Essa imagem seria útil principalmente nos casos especiais descritos acima em [Contêineres com Múltiplos Processos e Casos Especiais](#contêineres-com-múltiplos-processos-e-casos-Especiais). Por exemplo, se sua aplicação for **simples o suficiente** para que a configuração padrão de número de processos com base na CPU funcione bem, você não quer se preocupar com a configuração manual da replicação no nível do cluster e não está executando mais de um contêiner com seu aplicativo. Ou se você estiver implantando com **Docker Compose**, executando em um único servidor, etc.
+
+## Deploy da Imagem do Contêiner
+
+Depois de ter uma imagem de contêiner (Docker), existem várias maneiras de implantá-la.
+
+Por exemplo:
+
+* Com **Docker Compose** em um único servidor
+* Com um cluster **Kubernetes**
+* Com um cluster Docker Swarm Mode
+* Com outra ferramenta como o Nomad
+* Com um serviço de nuvem que pega sua imagem de contêiner e a implanta
+
+## Imagem Docker com Poetry
+
+Se você usa <a href="https://python-poetry.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Poetry</a> para gerenciar as dependências do seu projeto, pode usar a construção multi-estágio do Docker:
+
+```{ .dockerfile .annotate }
+# (1)
+FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage
+
+# (2)
+WORKDIR /tmp
+
+# (3)
+RUN pip install poetry
+
+# (4)
+COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/
+
+# (5)
+RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes
+
+# (6)
+FROM python:3.9
+
+# (7)
+WORKDIR /code
+
+# (8)
+COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
+
+# (9)
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
+
+# (10)
+COPY ./app /code/app
+
+# (11)
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+1. Esse é o primeiro estágio, ele é chamado `requirements-stage`.
+
+2. Defina `/tmp` como o diretório de trabalho atual.
+
+    Aqui é onde geraremos o arquivo `requirements.txt`
+
+3. Instale o Poetry nesse estágio do Docker.
+
+4. Copie os arquivos `pyproject.toml` e `poetry.lock` para o diretório `/tmp`.
+
+    Porque está usando `./poetry.lock*` (terminando com um `*`), não irá falhar se esse arquivo ainda não estiver disponível.
+
+5. Gere o arquivo `requirements.txt`.
+
+6. Este é o estágio final, tudo aqui será preservado na imagem final do contêiner.
+
+7. Defina o diretório de trabalho atual como `/code`.
+
+8. Copie o arquivo `requirements.txt` para o diretório `/code`.
+
+    Essse arquivo só existe no estágio anterior do Docker, é por isso que usamos `--from-requirements-stage` para copiá-lo.
+
+9. Instale as dependências de pacote do arquivo `requirements.txt` gerado.
+
+10. Copie o diretório `app` para o diretório `/code`.
+
+11. Execute o comando `uvicorn`, informando-o para usar o objeto `app` importado de `app.main`.
+
+!!! tip
+    Clique nos números das bolhas para ver o que cada linha faz.
+
+Um **estágio do Docker** é uma parte de um `Dockerfile` que funciona como uma **imagem temporária do contêiner** que só é usada para gerar alguns arquivos para serem usados posteriormente.
+
+O primeiro estágio será usado apenas para **instalar Poetry** e para **gerar o `requirements.txt`** com as dependências do seu projeto a partir do arquivo `pyproject.toml` do Poetry.
+
+Esse arquivo `requirements.txt` será usado com `pip` mais tarde no **próximo estágio**.
+
+Na imagem final do contêiner, **somente o estágio final** é preservado. Os estágios anteriores serão descartados.
+
+Quando usar Poetry, faz sentido usar **construções multi-estágio do Docker** porque você realmente não precisa ter o Poetry e suas dependências instaladas na imagem final do contêiner, você **apenas precisa** ter o arquivo `requirements.txt` gerado para instalar as dependências do seu projeto.
+
+Então, no próximo (e último) estágio, você construiria a imagem mais ou menos da mesma maneira descrita anteriormente.
+
+### Por trás de um proxy de terminação TLS - Poetry
+
+Novamente, se você estiver executando seu contêiner atrás de um proxy de terminação TLS (balanceador de carga) como Nginx ou Traefik, adicione a opção `--proxy-headers` ao comando:
+
+```Dockerfile
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+## Recapitulando
+
+Usando sistemas de contêiner (por exemplo, com **Docker** e **Kubernetes**), torna-se bastante simples lidar com todos os **conceitos de implantação**:
+
+* HTTPS
+* Executando na inicialização
+* Reinícios
+* Replicação (o número de processos rodando)
+* Memória
+* Passos anteriores antes de inicializar
+
+Na maioria dos casos, você provavelmente não desejará usar nenhuma imagem base e, em vez disso, **construir uma imagem de contêiner do zero** baseada na imagem oficial do Docker Python.
+
+Tendo cuidado com a **ordem** das instruções no `Dockerfile` e o **cache do Docker**, você pode **minimizar os tempos de construção**, para maximizar sua produtividade (e evitar a tédio). 😎
+
+Em alguns casos especiais, você pode querer usar a imagem oficial do Docker para o FastAPI. 🤓

docs/pt/docs/features.md

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Com **FastAPI**, você terá todos os recursos do **Starlette** (já que FastAPI
 * Suporte a **GraphQL**.
 * Tarefas em processo _background_.
 * Eventos na inicialização e encerramento.
-* Cliente de testes construído sobre `requests`.
+* Cliente de testes construído sobre HTTPX.
 * Respostas em **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming.
 * Suporte a **Session e Cookie**.
 * 100% de cobertura de testes.

docs/pt/docs/index.md

@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ Para um exemplo mais completo incluindo mais recursos, veja <a href="https://fas
 * Muitos recursos extras (graças ao Starlette) como:
     * **WebSockets**
     * **GraphQL**
-    * testes extrememamente fáceis baseados em `requests` e `pytest`
+    * testes extrememamente fáceis baseados em HTTPX e `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie Sessions**
     * ...e mais.
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ Usados por Pydantic:
 
 Usados por Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Necessário se você quiser utilizar o `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>httpx</code></a> - Necessário se você quiser utilizar o `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Necessário se você quiser utilizar a configuração padrão de templates.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Necessário se você quiser suporte com <abbr title="converte uma string que chega de uma requisição HTTP para dados Python">"parsing"</abbr> de formulário, com `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Necessário para suporte a `SessionMiddleware`.

docs/pt/docs/tutorial/encoder.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Codificador Compatível com JSON
+
+Existem alguns casos em que você pode precisar converter um tipo de dados (como um modelo Pydantic) para algo compatível com JSON (como um `dict`, `list`, etc).
+
+Por exemplo, se você precisar armazená-lo em um banco de dados.
+
+Para isso, **FastAPI** fornece uma função `jsonable_encoder()`.
+
+## Usando a função `jsonable_encoder`
+
+Vamos imaginar que você tenha um banco de dados `fake_db` que recebe apenas dados compatíveis com JSON.
+
+Por exemplo, ele não recebe objetos `datetime`, pois estes objetos não são compatíveis com JSON.
+
+Então, um objeto `datetime` teria que ser convertido em um `str` contendo os dados no formato  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601" class="external-link" target="_blank">ISO</a>.
+
+Da mesma forma, este banco de dados não receberia um modelo Pydantic (um objeto com atributos), apenas um `dict`.
+
+Você pode usar a função `jsonable_encoder` para resolver isso.
+
+A função recebe um objeto, como um modelo Pydantic e retorna uma versão compatível com JSON:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 e acima"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="5  22"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!}
+    ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 e acima"
+
+    ```Python hl_lines="4  21"
+    {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!}
+    ```
+
+Neste exemplo, ele converteria o modelo Pydantic em um `dict`, e o `datetime` em um `str`.
+
+O resultado de chamar a função é algo que pode ser codificado com o padrão do Python <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html#json.dumps" class="external-link" target="_blank">`json.dumps()`</a>.
+
+A função não retorna um grande `str` contendo os dados no formato JSON (como uma string). Mas sim, retorna uma estrutura de dados padrão do Python (por exemplo, um `dict`) com valores e subvalores compatíveis com JSON.
+
+!!! nota
+    `jsonable_encoder` é realmente usado pelo **FastAPI** internamente para converter dados. Mas também é útil em muitos outros cenários.

docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Formulários e Arquivos da Requisição
+
+Você pode definir arquivos e campos de formulário ao mesmo tempo usando `File` e `Form`.
+
+!!! info "Informação"
+    Para receber arquivos carregados e/ou dados de formulário, primeiro instale <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.
+
+    Por exemplo: `pip install python-multipart`.
+
+
+## Importe `File` e `Form`
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Defina parâmetros de `File` e `Form`
+
+Crie parâmetros de arquivo e formulário da mesma forma que você faria para `Body` ou `Query`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="8"
+{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+Os arquivos e campos de formulário serão carregados como dados de formulário e você receberá os arquivos e campos de formulário.
+
+E você pode declarar alguns dos arquivos como `bytes` e alguns como `UploadFile`.
+
+!!! warning "Aviso"
+    Você pode declarar vários parâmetros `File` e `Form` em uma *operação de caminho*, mas não é possível declarar campos `Body` para receber como JSON, pois a requisição terá o corpo codificado usando `multipart/form-data` ao invés de `application/json`.
+
+    Isso não é uma limitação do **FastAPI** , é parte do protocolo HTTP.
+
+## Recapitulando
+
+Usar `File` e `Form` juntos quando precisar receber dados e arquivos na mesma requisição.

docs/pt/docs/tutorial/static-files.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Arquivos Estáticos
+
+Você pode servir arquivos estáticos automaticamente de um diretório usando `StaticFiles`.
+
+## Use `StaticFiles`
+
+* Importe `StaticFiles`.
+* "Monte" uma instância de `StaticFiles()` em um caminho específico.
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  6"
+{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! note "Detalhes técnicos"
+    Você também pode usar `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles`.
+
+    O **FastAPI** fornece o mesmo que `starlette.staticfiles` como `fastapi.staticfiles` apenas como uma conveniência para você, o desenvolvedor. Mas na verdade vem diretamente da Starlette.
+
+### O que é "Montagem"
+
+"Montagem" significa adicionar um aplicativo completamente "independente" em uma rota específica, que então cuida de todas as subrotas.
+
+Isso é diferente de usar um `APIRouter`, pois um aplicativo montado é completamente independente. A OpenAPI e a documentação do seu aplicativo principal não incluirão nada do aplicativo montado, etc.
+
+Você pode ler mais sobre isso no **Guia Avançado do Usuário**.
+
+## Detalhes
+
+O primeiro `"/static"` refere-se à subrota em que este "subaplicativo" será "montado". Portanto, qualquer caminho que comece com `"/static"` será tratado por ele.
+
+O `directory="static"` refere-se ao nome do diretório que contém seus arquivos estáticos.
+
+O `name="static"` dá a ela um nome que pode ser usado internamente pelo FastAPI.
+
+Todos esses parâmetros podem ser diferentes de "`static`", ajuste-os de acordo com as necessidades e detalhes específicos de sua própria aplicação.
+
+## Mais informações
+
+Para mais detalhes e opções, verifique <a href="https://www.starlette.io/staticfiles/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's docs about Static Files</a>.

docs/pt/mkdocs.yml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ nav:
   - fa: /fa/
   - fr: /fr/
   - he: /he/
+  - hy: /hy/
   - id: /id/
   - it: /it/
   - ja: /ja/
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
   - ru: /ru/
   - sq: /sq/
   - sv: /sv/
+  - ta: /ta/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -75,10 +77,13 @@ nav:
   - tutorial/header-params.md
   - tutorial/response-status-code.md
   - tutorial/request-forms.md
+  - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
   - tutorial/handling-errors.md
+  - tutorial/encoder.md
   - Segurança:
     - tutorial/security/index.md
   - tutorial/background-tasks.md
+  - tutorial/static-files.md
   - Guia de Usuário Avançado:
     - advanced/index.md
 - Implantação:
@@ -86,6 +91,7 @@ nav:
   - deployment/versions.md
   - deployment/https.md
   - deployment/deta.md
+  - deployment/docker.md
 - alternatives.md
 - history-design-future.md
 - external-links.md
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   analytics:
     provider: google
-    property: UA-133183413-1
+    property: G-YNEVN69SC3
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
     link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
@@ -144,6 +150,8 @@ extra:
     name: fr - français
   - link: /he/
     name: he
+  - link: /hy/
+    name: hy
   - link: /id/
     name: id
   - link: /it/
@@ -164,6 +172,8 @@ extra:
     name: sq - shqip
   - link: /sv/
     name: sv - svenska
+  - link: /ta/
+    name: ta - தமிழ்
   - link: /tr/
     name: tr - Türkçe
   - link: /uk/

docs/ru/docs/contributing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+# Участие в разработке фреймворка
+
+Возможно, для начала Вам стоит ознакомиться с основными способами [помочь FastAPI или получить помощь](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+## Разработка
+
+Если Вы уже склонировали репозиторий и знаете, что Вам нужно более глубокое погружение в код фреймворка, то здесь представлены некоторые инструкции по настройке виртуального окружения.
+
+### Виртуальное окружение с помощью `venv`
+
+Находясь в нужной директории, Вы можете создать виртуальное окружение при помощи Python модуля `venv`.
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python -m venv env
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Эта команда создаст директорию `./env/` с бинарными (двоичными) файлами Python, а затем Вы сможете скачивать и устанавливать необходимые библиотеки в изолированное виртуальное окружение.
+
+### Активация виртуального окружения
+
+Активируйте виртуально окружение командой:
+
+=== "Linux, macOS"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ source ./env/bin/activate
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+=== "Windows PowerShell"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ .\env\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+=== "Windows Bash"
+
+    Если Вы пользуетесь Bash для Windows (например: <a href="https://gitforwindows.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Git Bash</a>):
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ source ./env/Scripts/activate
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+Проверьте, что всё сработало:
+
+=== "Linux, macOS, Windows Bash"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ which pip
+
+    some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+=== "Windows PowerShell"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ Get-Command pip
+
+    some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+Ели в терминале появится ответ, что бинарник `pip` расположен по пути `.../env/bin/pip`, значит всё в порядке. 🎉
+
+Во избежание ошибок в дальнейших шагах, удостоверьтесь, что в Вашем виртуальном окружении установлена последняя версия `pip`:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+!!! tip "Подсказка"
+    Каждый раз, перед установкой новой библиотеки в виртуальное окружение при помощи `pip`, не забудьте активировать это виртуальное окружение.
+
+    Это гарантирует, что если Вы используете библиотеку, установленную этим пакетом, то Вы используете библиотеку из Вашего локального окружения, а не любую другую, которая может быть установлена глобально.
+
+### pip
+
+После активации виртуального окружения, как было указано ранее, введите следующую команду:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ pip install -e ."[dev,doc,test]"
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Это установит все необходимые зависимости в локальное окружение для Вашего локального FastAPI.
+
+#### Использование локального FastAPI
+
+Если Вы создаёте Python файл, который импортирует и использует FastAPI,а затем запускаете его интерпретатором Python из Вашего локального окружения, то он будет использовать код из локального FastAPI.
+
+И, так как при вводе вышеупомянутой команды был указан флаг `-e`, если Вы измените код локального FastAPI, то при следующем запуске этого файла, он будет использовать свежую версию локального FastAPI, который Вы только что изменили.
+
+Таким образом, Вам не нужно "переустанавливать" Вашу локальную версию, чтобы протестировать каждое изменение.
+
+### Форматировние
+
+Скачанный репозиторий содержит скрипт, который может отформатировать и подчистить Ваш код:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ bash scripts/format.sh
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Заодно он упорядочит Ваши импорты.
+
+Чтобы он сортировал их правильно, необходимо, чтобы FastAPI был установлен локально в Вашей среде, с помощью команды из раздела выше, использующей флаг `-e`.
+
+## Документация
+
+Прежде всего, убедитесь, что Вы настроили своё окружение, как описано выше, для установки всех зависимостей.
+
+Документация использует <a href="https://www.mkdocs.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">MkDocs</a>.
+
+Также существуют дополнительные инструменты/скрипты для работы с переводами в `./scripts/docs.py`.
+
+!!! tip "Подсказка"
+
+    Нет необходимости заглядывать в `./scripts/docs.py`, просто используйте это в командной строке.
+
+Вся документация имеет формат Markdown и расположена в директории `./docs/en/`.
+
+Многие руководства содержат блоки кода.
+
+В большинстве случаев эти блоки кода представляют собой вполне законченные приложения, которые можно запускать как есть.
+
+На самом деле, эти блоки кода не написаны внутри Markdown, это Python файлы в директории `./docs_src/`.
+
+И эти Python файлы включаются/вводятся в документацию при создании сайта.
+
+### Тестирование документации
+
+
+Фактически, большинство тестов запускаются с примерами исходных файлов в документации.
+
+Это помогает убедиться, что:
+
+* Документация находится в актуальном состоянии.
+* Примеры из документации могут быть запущены как есть.
+* Большинство функций описаны в документации и покрыты тестами.
+
+Существует скрипт, который во время локальной разработки создаёт сайт и проверяет наличие любых изменений, перезагружая его в реальном времени:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ python ./scripts/docs.py live
+
+<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008
+<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Start watching changes
+<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Start detecting changes
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Он запустит сайт документации по адресу: `http://127.0.0.1:8008`.
+
+
+Таким образом, Вы сможете редактировать файлы с документацией или кодом и наблюдать изменения вживую.
+
+#### Typer CLI (опционально)
+
+
+Приведенная ранее инструкция показала Вам, как запускать скрипт `./scripts/docs.py` непосредственно через интерпретатор `python` .
+
+Но также можно использовать <a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com/typer-cli/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Typer CLI</a>, что позволит Вам воспользоваться автозаполнением команд в Вашем терминале.
+
+Если Вы установили Typer CLI, то для включения функции автозаполнения, введите эту команду:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ typer --install-completion
+
+zsh completion installed in /home/user/.bashrc.
+Completion will take effect once you restart the terminal.
+```
+
+</div>
+
+### Приложения и документация одновременно
+
+Если Вы запускаете приложение, например так:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ uvicorn tutorial001:app --reload
+
+<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+```
+
+</div>
+
+По умолчанию Uvicorn будет использовать порт `8000` и не будет конфликтовать с сайтом документации, использующим порт `8008`.
+
+### Переводы на другие языки
+
+Помощь с переводами ценится КРАЙНЕ ВЫСОКО! И переводы не могут быть сделаны без помощи сообщества. 🌎 🚀
+
+Ниже приведены шаги, как помочь с переводами.
+
+#### Подсказки и инструкции
+
+* Проверьте <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pulls" class="external-link" target="_blank">существующие пул-реквесты</a> для Вашего языка. Добавьте отзывы с просьбой внести изменения, если они необходимы, или одобрите их.
+
+!!! tip "Подсказка"
+    Вы можете <a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/commenting-on-a-pull-request" class="external-link" target="_blank">добавлять комментарии с предложениями по изменению</a> в существующие пул-реквесты.
+
+    Ознакомьтесь с документацией о <a href="https://help.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-issues-and-pull-requests/about-pull-request-reviews" class="external-link" target="_blank">добавлении отзыва к пул-реквесту</a>, чтобы утвердить его или запросить изменения.
+
+* Проверьте <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">проблемы и вопросы</a>, чтобы узнать, есть ли кто-то, координирующий переводы для Вашего языка.
+
+* Добавляйте один пул-реквест для каждой отдельной переведённой страницы. Это значительно облегчит другим его просмотр.
+
+Для языков, которые я не знаю, прежде чем добавить перевод в основную ветку, я подожду пока несколько других участников сообщества проверят его.
+
+* Вы также можете проверить, есть ли переводы для Вашего языка и добавить к ним отзыв, который поможет мне убедиться в правильности перевода. Тогда я смогу объединить его с основной веткой.
+
+* Используйте те же самые примеры кода Python. Переводите только текст документации. Вам не нужно ничего менять, чтобы эти примеры работали.
+
+* Используйте те же самые изображения, имена файлов и ссылки. Вы не должны менять ничего для сохранения работоспособности.
+
+* Чтобы узнать 2-буквенный код языка, на который Вы хотите сделать перевод, Вы можете воспользоваться таблицей <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes" class="external-link" target="_blank">Список кодов языков ISO 639-1</a>.
+
+#### Существующий язык
+
+Допустим, Вы хотите перевести страницу на язык, на котором уже есть какие-то переводы, например, на испанский.
+
+Кодом испанского языка является `es`. А значит директория для переводов на испанский язык: `docs/es/`.
+
+!!! tip "Подсказка"
+    Главный ("официальный") язык - английский, директория для него `docs/en/`.
+
+Вы можете запустить сервер документации на испанском:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Используйте команду "live" и передайте код языка в качестве аргумента командной строки
+$ python ./scripts/docs.py live es
+
+<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008
+<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Start watching changes
+<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Start detecting changes
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Теперь Вы можете перейти по адресу: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8008" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8008</a> и наблюдать вносимые Вами изменения вживую.
+
+
+Если Вы посмотрите на сайт документации FastAPI, то увидите, что все страницы есть на каждом языке. Но некоторые страницы не переведены и имеют уведомление об отсутствующем переводе.
+
+Но когда Вы запускаете сайт локально, Вы видите только те страницы, которые уже переведены.
+
+
+Предположим, что Вы хотите добавить перевод страницы [Основные свойства](features.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+* Скопируйте файл:
+
+```
+docs/en/docs/features.md
+```
+
+* Вставьте его точно в то же место, но в директорию языка, на который Вы хотите сделать перевод, например:
+
+```
+docs/es/docs/features.md
+```
+
+!!! tip "Подсказка"
+    Заметьте, что в пути файла мы изменили только код языка с `en` на `es`.
+
+* Теперь откройте файл конфигурации MkDocs для английского языка, расположенный тут:
+
+```
+docs/en/mkdocs.yml
+```
+
+* Найдите в файле конфигурации место, где расположена строка `docs/features.md`. Похожее на это:
+
+```YAML hl_lines="8"
+site_name: FastAPI
+# More stuff
+nav:
+- FastAPI: index.md
+- Languages:
+  - en: /
+  - es: /es/
+- features.md
+```
+
+* Откройте файл конфигурации MkDocs для языка, на который Вы переводите, например:
+
+```
+docs/es/mkdocs.yml
+```
+
+* Добавьте строку `docs/features.md` точно в то же место, как и в случае для английского, как-то так:
+
+```YAML hl_lines="8"
+site_name: FastAPI
+# More stuff
+nav:
+- FastAPI: index.md
+- Languages:
+  - en: /
+  - es: /es/
+- features.md
+```
+
+Убедитесь, что при наличии других записей, новая запись с Вашим переводом находится точно в том же порядке, что и в английской версии.
+
+Если Вы зайдёте в свой браузер, то увидите, что в документации стал отображаться Ваш новый раздел.🎉
+
+Теперь Вы можете переводить эту страницу и смотреть, как она выглядит при сохранении файла.
+
+#### Новый язык
+
+Допустим, Вы хотите добавить перевод для языка, на который пока что не переведена ни одна страница.
+
+Скажем, Вы решили сделать перевод для креольского языка, но его еще нет в документации.
+
+Перейдите в таблицу кодов языков по ссылке указанной выше, где найдёте, что кодом креольского языка является `ht`.
+
+Затем запустите скрипт, генерирующий директорию для переводов на новые языки:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Используйте команду new-lang и передайте код языка в качестве аргумента командной строки
+$ python ./scripts/docs.py new-lang ht
+
+Successfully initialized: docs/ht
+Updating ht
+Updating en
+```
+
+</div>
+
+После чего Вы можете проверить в своем редакторе кода, что появился новый каталог `docs/ht/`.
+
+!!! tip "Подсказка"
+    Создайте первый пул-реквест, который будет содержать только пустую директорию для нового языка, прежде чем добавлять переводы.
+
+    Таким образом, другие участники могут переводить другие страницы, пока Вы работаете над одной. 🚀
+
+Начните перевод с главной страницы `docs/ht/index.md`.
+
+В дальнейшем можно действовать, как указано в предыдущих инструкциях для "существующего языка".
+
+##### Новый язык не поддерживается
+
+Если при запуске скрипта `./scripts/docs.py live` Вы получаете сообщение об ошибке, что язык не поддерживается, что-то вроде:
+
+```
+ raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound: partials/language/xx.html
+```
+
+Сие означает, что тема не поддерживает этот язык (в данном случае с поддельным 2-буквенным кодом `xx`).
+
+Но не стоит переживать. Вы можете установить языком темы английский, а затем перевести текст документации.
+
+Если возникла такая необходимость, отредактируйте `mkdocs.yml` для Вашего нового языка. Это будет выглядеть как-то так:
+
+```YAML hl_lines="5"
+site_name: FastAPI
+# More stuff
+theme:
+  # More stuff
+  language: xx
+```
+
+Измените `xx` (код Вашего языка) на `en` и перезапустите сервер.
+
+#### Предпросмотр результата
+
+Когда Вы запускаете скрипт `./scripts/docs.py` с командой `live`, то будут показаны файлы и переводы для указанного языка.
+
+Но когда Вы закончите, то можете посмотреть, как это будет выглядеть по-настоящему.
+
+Для этого сначала создайте всю документацию:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Используйте команду "build-all", это займёт немного времени
+$ python ./scripts/docs.py build-all
+
+Updating es
+Updating en
+Building docs for: en
+Building docs for: es
+Successfully built docs for: es
+Copying en index.md to README.md
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Скрипт сгенерирует `./docs_build/` для каждого языка. Он добавит все файлы с отсутствующими переводами с пометкой о том, что "у этого файла еще нет перевода". Но Вам не нужно ничего делать с этим каталогом.
+
+Затем он создаст независимые сайты MkDocs для каждого языка, объединит их и сгенерирует конечный результат на `./site/`.
+
+После чего Вы сможете запустить сервер со всеми языками командой `serve`:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+// Используйте команду "serve" после того, как отработает команда "build-all"
+$ python ./scripts/docs.py serve
+
+Warning: this is a very simple server. For development, use mkdocs serve instead.
+This is here only to preview a site with translations already built.
+Make sure you run the build-all command first.
+Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8008
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Тесты
+
+Также в репозитории есть скрипт, который Вы можете запустить локально, чтобы протестировать весь код и сгенерировать отчеты о покрытии тестами в HTML:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Эта команда создаст директорию `./htmlcov/`, в которой будет файл `./htmlcov/index.html`. Открыв его в Вашем браузере, Вы можете в интерактивном режиме изучить, все ли части кода охвачены тестами.

docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Развёртывание - Введение
+
+Развернуть приложение **FastAPI** довольно просто.
+
+## Да что такое это ваше - "развёртывание"?!
+
+Термин **развёртывание** (приложения) означает выполнение необходимых шагов, чтобы сделать приложение **доступным для пользователей**.
+
+Обычно **веб-приложения** размещают на удалённом компьютере с серверной программой, которая обеспечивает хорошую производительность, стабильность и т. д., Чтобы ваши пользователи могли эффективно, беспрерывно и беспроблемно обращаться к приложению.
+
+Это отличется от **разработки**, когда вы постоянно меняете код, делаете в нём намеренные ошибки и исправляете их, останавливаете и перезапускаете сервер разработки и т. д.
+
+## Стратегии развёртывания
+
+В зависимости от вашего конкретного случая, есть несколько способов сделать это.
+
+Вы можете **развернуть сервер** самостоятельно, используя различные инструменты. Например, можно использовать **облачный сервис**, который выполнит часть работы за вас. Также возможны и другие варианты.
+
+В этом блоке я покажу вам некоторые из основных концепций, которые вы, вероятно, должны иметь в виду при развертывании приложения **FastAPI** (хотя большинство из них применимо к любому другому типу веб-приложений).
+
+В последующих разделах вы узнаете больше деталей и методов, необходимых для этого. ✨

docs/ru/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+
+# Люди, поддерживающие FastAPI
+
+У FastAPI замечательное сообщество, которое доброжелательно к людям с любым уровнем знаний.
+
+## Создатель и хранитель
+
+Ку! 👋
+
+Это я:
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.maintainers %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Answers: {{ user.answers }}</div><div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.prs }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+Я создал и продолжаю поддерживать **FastAPI**. Узнать обо мне больше можно тут [Помочь FastAPI - Получить помощь - Связаться с автором](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+... но на этой странице я хочу показать вам наше сообщество.
+
+---
+
+**FastAPI** получает огромную поддержку от своего сообщества. И я хочу отметить вклад его участников.
+
+Это люди, которые:
+
+* [Помогают другим с их проблемами (вопросами) на GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* [Создают пул-реквесты](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* Делают ревью пул-реквестов, [что особенно важно для переводов на другие языки](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+Поаплодируем им! 👏 🙇
+
+## Самые активные участники за прошедший месяц
+
+Эти участники [оказали наибольшую помощь другим с решением их проблем (вопросов) на GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} в течение последнего месяца. ☕
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.last_month_active %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Эксперты
+
+Здесь представлены **Эксперты FastAPI**. 🤓
+
+Эти участники [оказали наибольшую помощь другим с решением их проблем (вопросов) на GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} за *всё время*.
+
+Оказывая помощь многим другим, они подтвердили свой уровень знаний. ✨
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.experts %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Рейтинг участников, внёсших вклад в код
+
+Здесь представлен **Рейтинг участников, внёсших вклад в код**. 👷
+
+Эти люди [сделали наибольшее количество пул-реквестов](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}, *включённых в основной код*.
+
+Они сделали наибольший вклад в исходный код, документацию, переводы и т.п. 📦
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.top_contributors %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+На самом деле таких людей довольно много (более сотни), вы можете увидеть всех на этой странице <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/graphs/contributors" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI GitHub Contributors page</a>. 👷
+
+## Рейтинг ревьюеров
+
+Здесь представлен **Рейтинг ревьюеров**. 🕵️
+
+### Проверки переводов на другие языки
+
+Я знаю не очень много языков (и не очень хорошо 😅).
+Итак, ревьюеры - это люди, которые могут [**подтвердить предложенный вами перевод** документации](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. Без них не было бы документации на многих языках.
+
+---
+
+В **Рейтинге ревьюеров** 🕵️ представлены те, кто проверил наибольшее количество пул-реквестов других участников, обеспечивая качество кода, документации и, особенно, **переводов на другие языки**.
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.top_reviewers %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Reviews: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Спонсоры
+
+Здесь представлены **Спонсоры**. 😎
+
+Спонсоры поддерживают мою работу над **FastAPI** (и другими проектами) главным образом через <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Sponsors</a>.
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+
+{% if sponsors.gold %}
+
+### Золотые спонсоры
+
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+{% if sponsors.silver %}
+
+### Серебрянные спонсоры
+
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+{% if sponsors.bronze %}
+
+### Бронзовые спонсоры
+
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}" style="border-radius:15px"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+{% endif %}
+
+### Индивидуальные спонсоры
+
+{% if github_sponsors %}
+{% for group in github_sponsors.sponsors %}
+
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+
+{% for user in group %}
+{% if user.login not in sponsors_badge.logins %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
+
+{% endif %}
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+## О данных - технические детали
+
+Основная цель этой страницы - подчеркнуть усилия сообщества по оказанию помощи другим.
+
+Особенно это касается усилий, которые обычно менее заметны и во многих случаях более трудоемки, таких как помощь другим в решении проблем и проверка пул-реквестов с переводами.
+
+Данные рейтинги подсчитываются каждый месяц, ознакомиться с тем, как это работает можно <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">тут</a>.
+
+Кроме того, я также подчеркиваю вклад спонсоров.
+
+И я оставляю за собой право обновлять алгоритмы подсчёта, виды рейтингов, пороговые значения и т.д. (так, на всякий случай 🤷).

docs/ru/docs/features.md

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ FastAPI включает в себя чрезвычайно простую в и
 * Поддержка **WebSocket**.
 * Фоновые задачи для процессов.
 * События запуска и выключения.
-* Тестовый клиент построен на библиотеке `requests`.
+* Тестовый клиент построен на библиотеке HTTPX.
 * **CORS**, GZip, статические файлы, потоковые ответы.
 * Поддержка **сессий и cookie**.
 * 100% покрытие тестами.

docs/ru/docs/help-fastapi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+# Помочь FastAPI - Получить помощь
+
+Нравится ли Вам **FastAPI**?
+
+Хотели бы Вы помочь FastAPI, его пользователям и автору?
+
+Может быть у Вас возникли трудности с **FastAPI** и Вам нужна помощь?
+
+Есть несколько очень простых способов оказания помощи (иногда достаточно всего лишь одного или двух кликов).
+
+И также есть несколько способов получить помощь.
+
+## Подписаться на новостную рассылку
+
+Вы можете подписаться на редкую [новостную рассылку **FastAPI и его друзья**](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank} и быть в курсе о:
+
+* Новостях о FastAPI и его друзьях 🚀
+* Руководствах 📝
+* Возможностях ✨
+* Исправлениях 🚨
+* Подсказках и хитростях ✅
+
+## Подписаться на FastAPI в Twitter
+
+<a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Подписаться на @fastapi в **Twitter**</a> для получения наисвежайших новостей о **FastAPI**. 🐦
+
+## Добавить **FastAPI** звезду на GitHub
+
+Вы можете добавить FastAPI "звезду" на GitHub (кликнуть на кнопку звезды в верхнем правом углу экрана): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. ⭐️
+
+Чем больше звёзд, тем легче другим пользователям найти нас и увидеть, что проект уже стал полезным для многих.
+
+## Отслеживать свежие выпуски в репозитории на GitHub
+
+Вы можете "отслеживать" FastAPI на GitHub (кликните по кнопке "watch" наверху справа): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
+
+Там же Вы можете указать в настройках - "Releases only".
+
+С такой настройкой Вы будете получать уведомления на вашу электронную почту каждый раз, когда появится новый релиз (новая версия) **FastAPI** с исправлениями ошибок и новыми возможностями.
+
+## Связаться с автором
+
+Можно связаться со <a href="https://tiangolo.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">мной (Себястьян Рамирез / `tiangolo`)</a>, автором FastAPI.
+
+Вы можете:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Подписаться на меня на **GitHub**</a>.
+    * Посмотреть другие мои проекты с открытым кодом, которые могут быть полезны Вам.
+    * Подписавшись на меня Вы сможете получать уведомления, что я создал новый проект с открытым кодом,.
+* <a href="https://twitter.com/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Подписаться на меня в **Twitter**</a> или в <a href="https://fosstodon.org/@tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Mastodon</a>.
+    * Поделиться со мной, как Вы используете FastAPI (я обожаю читать про это).
+    * Получать уведомления, когда я делаю объявления и представляю новые инструменты.
+    * Вы также можете <a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">подписаться на @fastapi в Twitter</a> (это отдельный аккаунт).
+* <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Подписаться на меня в **Linkedin**</a>.
+    * Получать уведомления, когда я делаю объявления и представляю новые инструменты (правда чаще всего я использую Twitter 🤷‍♂).
+* Читать, что я пишу (или подписаться на меня) в <a href="https://dev.to/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Dev.to**</a> или в <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Medium**</a>.
+    * Читать другие идеи, статьи и читать об инструментах созданных мной.
+    * Подпишитесь на меня, чтобы прочитать, когда я опубликую что-нибудь новое.
+
+## Оставить сообщение в Twitter о **FastAPI**
+
+<a href="https://twitter.com/compose/tweet?text=I'm loving @fastapi because... https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Оставьте сообщение в Twitter о **FastAPI**</a> и позвольте мне и другим узнать - почему он Вам нравится. 🎉
+
+Я люблю узнавать о том, как **FastAPI** используется, что Вам понравилось в нём, в каких проектах/компаниях Вы используете его и т.п.
+
+## Оставить голос за FastAPI
+
+* <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Голосуйте за **FastAPI** в Slant</a>.
+* <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Голосуйте за **FastAPI** в AlternativeTo</a>.
+* <a href="https://stackshare.io/pypi-fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Расскажите, как Вы используете **FastAPI** на StackShare</a>.
+
+## Помочь другим с их проблемами на GitHub
+
+Вы можете посмотреть, какие <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">проблемы</a> испытывают другие люди и попытаться помочь им. Чаще всего это вопросы, на которые, весьма вероятно, Вы уже знаете ответ. 🤓
+
+Если Вы будете много помогать людям с решением их проблем, Вы можете стать официальным [Экспертом FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+
+Только помните, самое важное при этом - доброта. Столкнувшись с проблемой, люди расстраиваются и часто задают вопросы не лучшим образом, но постарайтесь быть максимально доброжелательным. 🤗
+
+Идея сообщества **FastAPI** в том, чтобы быть добродушным и гостеприимными. Не допускайте издевательств или неуважительного поведения по отношению к другим. Мы должны заботиться друг о друге.
+
+---
+
+Как помочь другим с их проблемами:
+
+### Понять вопрос
+
+* Удостоверьтесь, что поняли **цель** и обстоятельства случая вопрошающего.
+
+* Затем проверьте, что вопрос (в подавляющем большинстве - это вопросы) Вам **ясен**.
+
+* Во многих случаях вопрос касается решения, которое пользователь придумал сам, но может быть и решение **получше**. Если Вы поймёте проблему и обстоятельства случая, то сможете предложить **альтернативное решение**.
+
+* Ежели вопрос Вам непонятен, запросите больше **деталей**.
+
+### Воспроизвести проблему
+
+В большинстве случаев есть что-то связанное с **исходным кодом** вопрошающего.
+
+И во многих случаях будет предоставлен только фрагмент этого кода, которого недостаточно для **воспроизведения проблемы**.
+
+* Попросите предоставить <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example" class="external-link" target="_blank">минимальный воспроизводимый пример</a>, который можно **скопировать** и запустить локально дабы увидеть такую же ошибку, или поведение, или лучше понять обстоятельства случая.
+
+* Если на Вас нахлынуло великодушие, то можете попытаться **создать похожий пример** самостоятельно, основываясь только на описании проблемы. Но имейте в виду, что это может занять много времени и, возможно, стоит сначала позадавать вопросы для прояснения проблемы.
+
+### Предложить решение
+
+* После того как Вы поняли вопрос, Вы можете дать **ответ**.
+
+* Следует понять **основную проблему и обстоятельства случая**, потому что может быть решение лучше, чем то, которое пытались реализовать.
+
+### Попросить закрыть проблему
+
+Если Вам ответили, высоки шансы, что Вам удалось решить проблему, поздравляю, **Вы - герой**! 🦸
+
+* В таком случае, если вопрос решён, попросите **закрыть проблему**.
+
+## Отслеживать репозиторий на GitHub
+
+Вы можете "отслеживать" FastAPI на GitHub (кликните по кнопке "watch" наверху справа): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
+
+Если Вы выберете "Watching" вместо "Releases only", то будете получать уведомления когда кто-либо попросит о помощи с решением его проблемы.
+
+Тогда Вы можете попробовать решить эту проблему.
+
+## Запросить помощь с решением проблемы
+
+Вы можете <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">создать новый запрос с просьбой о помощи</a> в репозитории на GitHub, например:
+
+* Задать **вопрос** или попросить помощи в решении **проблемы**.
+* Предложить новое **улучшение**.
+
+**Заметка**: Если Вы создаёте подобные запросы, то я попрошу Вас также оказывать аналогичную помощь другим. 😉
+
+## Проверять пул-реквесты
+
+Вы можете помочь мне проверять пул-реквесты других участников.
+
+И повторюсь, постарайтесь быть доброжелательным. 🤗
+
+---
+
+О том, что нужно иметь в виду при проверке пул-реквестов:
+
+### Понять проблему
+
+* Во-первых, убедитесь, что **поняли проблему**, которую пул-реквест пытается решить. Для этого может потребоваться продолжительное обсуждение.
+
+* Также есть вероятность, что пул-реквест не актуален, так как проблему можно решить **другим путём**. В таком случае Вы можете указать на этот факт.
+
+### Не переживайте о стиле
+
+* Не стоит слишком беспокоиться о таких вещах, как стиль сообщений в коммитах или количество коммитов. При слиянии пул-реквеста с основной веткой, я буду сжимать и настраивать всё вручную.
+
+* Также не беспокойтесь о правилах стиля, для проверки сего есть автоматизированные инструменты.
+
+И если всё же потребуется какой-то другой стиль, я попрошу Вас об этом напрямую или добавлю сам коммиты с необходимыми изменениями.
+
+### Проверить код
+
+* Проверьте и прочитайте код, посмотрите, какой он имеет смысл, **запустите его локально** и посмотрите, действительно ли он решает поставленную задачу.
+
+* Затем, используя **комментарий**, сообщите, что Вы сделали проверку, тогда я буду знать, что Вы действительно проверили код.
+
+!!! Информация
+    К сожалению, я не могу так просто доверять пул-реквестам, у которых уже есть несколько одобрений.
+
+    Бывали случаи, что пул-реквесты имели 3, 5 или больше одобрений, вероятно из-за привлекательного описания, но когда я проверял эти пул-реквесты, они оказывались сломаны, содержали ошибки или вовсе не решали проблему, которую, как они утверждали, должны были решить. 😅
+
+    Потому это действительно важно - проверять и запускать код, и комментарием уведомлять меня, что Вы проделали эти действия. 🤓
+
+* Если Вы считаете, что пул-реквест можно упростить, то можете попросить об этом, но не нужно быть слишком придирчивым, может быть много субъективных точек зрения (и у меня тоже будет своя 🙈), поэтому будет лучше, если Вы сосредоточитесь на фундаментальных вещах.
+
+### Тестировать
+
+* Помогите мне проверить, что у пул-реквеста есть **тесты**.
+
+* Проверьте, что тесты **падали** до пул-реквеста. 🚨
+
+* Затем проверьте, что  тесты **не валятся** после пул-реквеста. ✅
+
+* Многие пул-реквесты не имеют тестов, Вы можете **напомнить** о необходимости добавления тестов или даже **предложить** какие-либо свои тесты. Это одна из тех вещей, которые отнимают много времени и Вы можете помочь с этим.
+
+* Затем добавьте комментарий, что Вы испробовали в ходе проверки. Таким образом я буду знать, как Вы произвели проверку. 🤓
+
+## Создать пул-реквест
+
+Вы можете [сделать вклад](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} в код фреймворка используя пул-реквесты, например:
+
+* Исправить опечатку, которую Вы нашли в документации.
+* Поделиться статьёй, видео или подкастом о FastAPI, которые Вы создали или нашли  <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/edit/master/docs/en/data/external_links.yml" class="external-link" target="_blank">изменив этот файл</a>.
+    * Убедитесь, что Вы добавили свою ссылку в начало соответствующего раздела.
+* Помочь с [переводом документации](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} на Ваш язык.
+    * Вы также можете проверять переводы сделанные другими.
+* Предложить новые разделы документации.
+* Исправить существующуе проблемы/баги.
+    * Убедитесь, что добавили тесты.
+* Добавить новую возможность.
+    * Убедитесь, что добавили тесты.
+    * Убедитесь, что добавили документацию, если она необходима.
+
+## Помочь поддерживать FastAPI
+
+Помогите мне поддерживать **FastAPI**! 🤓
+
+Предстоит ещё много работы и, по большей части, **ВЫ** можете её сделать.
+
+Основные задачи, которые Вы можете выполнить прямо сейчас:
+
+* [Помочь другим с их проблемами на GitHub](#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (смотрите вышестоящую секцию).
+* [Проверить пул-реквесты](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (смотрите вышестоящую секцию).
+
+Эти две задачи **отнимают больше всего времени**. Это основная работа по поддержке FastAPI.
+
+Если Вы можете помочь мне с этим, **Вы помогаете поддерживать FastAPI**  и следить за тем, чтобы он продолжал **развиваться быстрее и лучше**. 🚀
+
+## Подключиться к чату
+
+Подключайтесь к  👥 <a href="https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf" class="external-link" target="_blank"> чату в Discord</a> 👥 и общайтесь с другими участниками сообщества FastAPI.
+
+!!! Подсказка
+    Вопросы по проблемам с фреймворком лучше задавать в <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub issues</a>, так больше шансов, что Вы получите помощь от [Экспертов FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+    Используйте этот чат только для бесед на отвлечённые темы.
+
+Существует также <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">чат в Gitter</a>, но поскольку в нем нет каналов и расширенных функций, общение в нём сложнее, потому рекомендуемой системой является Discord.
+
+### Не использовать чаты для вопросов
+
+Имейте в виду, что чаты позволяют больше "свободного общения", потому там легко задавать вопросы, которые слишком общие и на которые труднее ответить, так что Вы можете не получить нужные Вам ответы.
+
+В разделе "проблемы" на GitHub, есть шаблон, который поможет Вам написать вопрос правильно, чтобы Вам было легче получить хороший ответ или даже решить проблему самостоятельно, прежде чем Вы зададите вопрос. В GitHub я могу быть уверен, что всегда отвечаю на всё, даже если это займет какое-то время. И я не могу сделать то же самое в чатах. 😅
+
+Кроме того, общение в чатах не так легкодоступно для поиска, как в GitHub, потому вопросы и ответы могут потеряться среди другого общения. И только проблемы решаемые на GitHub учитываются в получении лычки [Эксперт FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, так что весьма вероятно, что Вы получите больше внимания на GitHub.
+
+С другой стороны, в чатах тысячи пользователей, а значит есть большие шансы в любое время найти там кого-то, с кем можно поговорить. 😄
+
+## Спонсировать автора
+
+Вы также можете оказать мне финансовую поддержку посредством <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">спонсорства через GitHub</a>.
+
+Там можно просто купить мне кофе ☕️ в знак благодарности. 😄
+
+А ещё Вы можете стать Серебряным или Золотым спонсором для FastAPI. 🏅🎉
+
+## Спонсировать инструменты, на которых зиждется мощь FastAPI
+
+Как Вы могли заметить в документации, FastAPI опирается на плечи титанов: Starlette и Pydantic.
+
+Им тоже можно оказать спонсорскую поддержку:
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/samuelcolvin" class="external-link" target="_blank">Samuel Colvin (Pydantic)</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/encode" class="external-link" target="_blank">Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn)</a>
+
+---
+
+Благодарствую! 🚀

docs/ru/docs/history-design-future.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# История создания и дальнейшее развитие
+
+Однажды, <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/3#issuecomment-454956920" class="external-link" target="_blank">один из пользователей **FastAPI** задал вопрос</a>:
+
+> Какова история этого проекта? Создаётся впечатление, что он явился из ниоткуда и завоевал мир за несколько недель [...]
+
+Что ж, вот небольшая часть истории проекта.
+
+## Альтернативы
+
+В течение нескольких лет я, возглавляя различные команды разработчиков, создавал довольно сложные API для машинного обучения, распределённых систем, асинхронных задач, баз данных NoSQL и т.д.
+
+В рамках работы над этими проектами я исследовал, проверял и использовал многие фреймворки.
+
+Во многом история **FastAPI** - история его предшественников.
+
+Как написано в разделе [Альтернативы](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=_blank}:
+
+<blockquote markdown="1">
+
+**FastAPI** не существовал бы, если б не было более ранних работ других людей.
+
+Они создали большое количество инструментов, которые и вдохновили меня на создание **FastAPI**.
+
+Я всячески избегал создания нового фреймворка в течение нескольких лет. Сначала я пытался собрать все нужные возможности, которые ныне есть в **FastAPI**, используя множество различных фреймворков, плагинов и инструментов.
+
+Но в какой-то момент не осталось другого выбора, кроме как создать что-то, что предоставляло бы все эти возможности сразу. Взять самые лучшие идеи из предыдущих инструментов и, используя введённые в Python подсказки типов (которых не было до версии 3.6), объединить их.
+
+</blockquote>
+
+## Исследования
+
+Благодаря опыту использования существующих альтернатив, мы с коллегами изучили их основные идеи и скомбинировали собранные знания наилучшим образом.
+
+Например, стало ясно, что необходимо брать за основу стандартные подсказки типов Python, а самым лучшим подходом является использование уже существующих стандартов.
+
+Итак, прежде чем приступить к написанию **FastAPI**, я потратил несколько месяцев на изучение OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, и т.п. для понимания их взаимосвязей, совпадений и различий.
+
+## Дизайн
+
+Затем я потратил некоторое время на придумывание "API" разработчика, который я хотел иметь как пользователь (как разработчик, использующий FastAPI).
+
+Я проверил несколько идей на самых популярных редакторах кода среди Python-разработчиков: PyCharm, VS Code, Jedi.
+
+Данные по редакторам я взял из <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2018/#development-tools" class="external-link" target="_blank">опроса Python-разработчиков</a>, который охватываает около 80% пользователей.
+
+Это означает, что **FastAPI** был специально проверен на редакторах, используемых 80% Python-разработчиками. И поскольку большинство других редакторов, как правило, работают аналогичным образом, все его преимущества должны работать практически для всех редакторов.
+
+Таким образом, я смог найти наилучшие способы сократить дублирование кода, обеспечить повсеместное автодополнение, проверку типов и ошибок и т.д.
+
+И все это, чтобы все пользователи могли получать наилучший опыт разработки.
+
+## Зависимости
+
+Протестировав несколько вариантов, я решил, что в качестве основы буду использовать <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Pydantic**</a> и его преимущества.
+
+По моим предложениям был изменён код этого фреймворка, чтобы сделать его полностью совместимым с JSON Schema, поддержать различные способы определения ограничений и улучшить помощь редакторов (проверки типов, автозаполнение).
+
+В то же время, я принимал участие в разработке <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Starlette**</a>, ещё один из основных компонентов FastAPI.
+
+## Разработка
+
+К тому времени, когда я начал создавать **FastAPI**, большинство необходимых деталей уже существовало, дизайн был определён, зависимости и прочие инструменты были готовы, а знания о стандартах и спецификациях были четкими и свежими.
+
+## Будущее
+
+Сейчас уже ясно, что **FastAPI** со своими идеями стал полезен многим людям.
+
+При сравнении с альтернативами, выбор падает на него, поскольку он лучше подходит для множества вариантов использования.
+
+Многие разработчики и команды уже используют **FastAPI** в своих проектах (включая меня и мою команду).
+
+Но, тем не менее, грядёт добавление ещё многих улучшений и возможностей.
+
+У **FastAPI** великое будущее.
+
+И [ваш вклад в это](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank} - очень ценнен.

docs/ru/docs/index.md

@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ item: Item
 * **GraphQL** интеграция с <a href="https://strawberry.rocks" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> и другими библиотеками.
 * Множество дополнительных функций (благодаря Starlette), таких как:
     * **Веб-сокеты**
-    * очень простые тесты на основе `requests` и `pytest`
+    * очень простые тесты на основе HTTPX и `pytest`
     * **CORS**
     * **Cookie сеансы(сессии)**
     * ...и многое другое.
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ item: Item
 
 Используется Starlette:
 
-* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" target="_blank"><code>HTTPX</code></a> - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать конфигурацию шаблона по умолчанию.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Обязательно, если вы хотите поддерживать форму <abbr title="преобразование строки, полученной из HTTP-запроса, в данные Python">"парсинга"</abbr> с помощью `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Обязательно, для поддержки `SessionMiddleware`.