🔖 Release 0.10.2

📝 Update release notes
🐛 Fix JSON Schema of additional properties (#121 )
2025-12-25 15:18:36 -05:00 · 2019-03-29 15:17:34 +04:00 · 2019-03-29 15:16:56 +04:00 · 2019-03-29 15:15:49 +04:00 · 2019-03-25 23:48:27 +04:00 · 2019-03-25 23:47:25 +04:00
42 changed files with 1474 additions and 32 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ site
 coverage.xml
 .netlify
 test.db
+log.txt
--- a/1
+++ b/1
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ uvicorn = "*"
 [packages]
 starlette = "==0.11.1"
 pydantic = "==0.21.0"
+databases = {extras = ["sqlite"],version = "*"}

 [requires]
 python_version = "3.6"
--- a/Pipfile.lock
+++ b/Pipfile.lock
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
    "_meta": {
        "hash": {
-            "sha256": "676c6ae13691eef64abe6638f833cb8a330612521d3fad08718b240328b4877a"
+            "sha256": "24b3b7b88d3cbe671ddbe296e64c15f8558f0e5d5df977200119872a363aac13"
        },
        "pipfile-spec": 6,
        "requires": {
@@ -16,6 +16,37 @@
        ]
    },
    "default": {
+        "aiocontextvars": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:1e0ff5837c8b01c36a1107acdd0baf7853ebdf6c9fc43e8e311f4be37ac2038a",
+                "sha256:6ff7aee14f549d52f0446cbb84d0deddcd3fc677bcf8fbc2ce13f5756d2064dc"
+            ],
+            "markers": "python_version < '3.7'",
+            "version": "==0.2.1"
+        },
+        "aiosqlite": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:af4fed9e778756fa0ffffc7a8b14c4d7b1a57155dc5669f18e45107313f6019e"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.9.0"
+        },
+        "contextvars": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:2341042e1c03a271813e07dba29b6b60fa85c1005ea5ed1638a076cf50b4d625"
+            ],
+            "markers": "python_version < '3.7'",
+            "version": "==2.3"
+        },
+        "databases": {
+            "extras": [
+                "sqlite"
+            ],
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:4a0f15669c390a04b439972426350c0ae921ddc08c42bd54f125eb2fb86ee728"
+            ],
+            "index": "pypi",
+            "version": "==0.2.0"
+        },
        "dataclasses": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:454a69d788c7fda44efd71e259be79577822f5e3f53f029a22d08004e951dc9f",
@@ -24,6 +55,22 @@
            "markers": "python_version < '3.7'",
            "version": "==0.6"
        },
+        "immutables": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:1e4f4513254ef11e0230a558ee0dcb4551b914993c330005d15338da595d3750",
+                "sha256:228e38dc7a810ba4ff88909908ac47f840e5dc6c4c0da6b25009c626a9ae771c",
+                "sha256:2ae88fbfe1d04f4e5859c924e97313edf70e72b4f19871bf329b96a67ede9ba0",
+                "sha256:2d32b61c222cba1dd11f0faff67c7fb6204ef1982454e1b5b001d4b79966ef17",
+                "sha256:35af186bfac5b62522fdf2cab11120d7b0547f405aa399b6a1e443cf5f5e318c",
+                "sha256:63023fa0cceedc62e0d1535cd4ca7a1f6df3120a6d8e5c34e89037402a6fd809",
+                "sha256:6bf5857f42a96331fd0929c357dc0b36a72f339f3b6acaf870b149c96b141f69",
+                "sha256:7bb1590024a032c7a57f79faf8c8ff5e91340662550d2980e0177f67e66e9c9c",
+                "sha256:7c090687d7e623d4eca22962635b5e1a1ee2d6f9a9aca2f3fb5a184a1ffef1f2",
+                "sha256:bc36a0a8749881eebd753f696b081bd51145e4d77291d671d2e2f622e5b65d2f",
+                "sha256:d9fc6a236018d99af6453ead945a6bb55f98d14b1801a2c229dd993edc753a00"
+            ],
+            "version": "==0.6"
+        },
        "pydantic": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:93fa585402e7c8c01623ea8af6ca23363e8b4c6a020b7a2de9e99fa29d642d50",
@@ -32,6 +79,12 @@
            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==0.21.0"
        },
+        "sqlalchemy": {
+            "hashes": [
+                "sha256:781fb7b9d194ed3fc596b8f0dd4623ff160e3e825dd8c15472376a438c19598b"
+            ],
+            "version": "==1.3.1"
+        },
        "starlette": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:9d48b35d1fc7521d59ae53c421297ab3878d3c7cd4b75266d77f6c73cccb78bb"
@@ -242,11 +295,11 @@
        },
        "ipython": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:06de667a9e406924f97781bda22d5d76bfb39762b678762d86a466e63f65dc39",
-                "sha256:5d3e020a6b5f29df037555e5c45ab1088d6a7cf3bd84f47e0ba501eeb0c3ec82"
+                "sha256:b038baa489c38f6d853a3cfc4c635b0cda66f2864d136fe8f40c1a6e334e2a6b",
+                "sha256:f5102c1cd67e399ec8ea66bcebe6e3968ea25a8977e53f012963e5affeb1fe38"
            ],
            "markers": "python_version >= '3.3'",
-            "version": "==7.3.0"
+            "version": "==7.4.0"
        },
        "ipython-genutils": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -264,11 +317,11 @@
        },
        "isort": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:18c796c2cd35eb1a1d3f012a214a542790a1aed95e29768bdcb9f2197eccbd0b",
-                "sha256:96151fca2c6e736503981896495d344781b60d18bfda78dc11b290c6125ebdb6"
+                "sha256:08f8e3f0f0b7249e9fad7e5c41e2113aba44969798a26452ee790c06f155d4ec",
+                "sha256:4e9e9c4bd1acd66cf6c36973f29b031ec752cbfd991c69695e4e259f9a756927"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.3.15"
+            "version": "==4.3.16"
        },
        "jedi": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -399,11 +452,11 @@
        },
        "mkdocs-material": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:762a71f82c1e291c3ff067cecd9d581557da777332fd98bc0af20fd5ab4a2dd0",
-                "sha256:b2c7174ecaa81fb1d62a5f4906f99fa0e7062ced8f9a14ec4f60b1bef9feebbf"
+                "sha256:0b394aa034b25a09a5874ae2a6ccc426fd81f5764e0991217b169e31cb0c1c0e",
+                "sha256:f5bb80a2c16d045d380edb2c5b05636af1bb709cb859bfaa9d01063a11df803f"
            ],
            "index": "pypi",
-            "version": "==4.0.2"
+            "version": "==4.1.0"
        },
        "more-itertools": {
            "hashes": [
@@ -662,7 +715,6 @@
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:781fb7b9d194ed3fc596b8f0dd4623ff160e3e825dd8c15472376a438c19598b"
            ],
-            "index": "pypi",
            "version": "==1.3.1"
        },
        "terminado": {
@@ -688,15 +740,15 @@
        },
        "tornado": {
            "hashes": [
-                "sha256:1a58f2d603476d5e462f7c28ca1dbb5ac7e51348b27a9cac849cdec3471101f8",
-                "sha256:33f93243cd46dd398e5d2bbdd75539564d1f13f25d704cfc7541db74066d6695",
-                "sha256:34e59401afcecf0381a28228daad8ed3275bcb726810654612d5e9c001f421b7",
-                "sha256:35817031611d2c296c69e5023ea1f9b5720be803e3bb119464bb2a0405d5cd70",
-                "sha256:666b335cef5cc2759c21b7394cff881f71559aaf7cb8c4458af5bb6cb7275b47",
-                "sha256:81203efb26debaaef7158187af45bc440796de9fb1df12a75b65fae11600a255",
-                "sha256:de274c65f45f6656c375cdf1759dbf0bc52902a1e999d12a35eb13020a641a53"
+                "sha256:1174dcb84d08887b55defb2cda1986faeeea715fff189ef3dc44cce99f5fca6b",
+                "sha256:2613fab506bd2aedb3722c8c64c17f8f74f4070afed6eea17f20b2115e445aec",
+                "sha256:44b82bc1146a24e5b9853d04c142576b4e8fa7a92f2e30bc364a85d1f75c4de2",
+                "sha256:457fcbee4df737d2defc181b9073758d73f54a6cfc1f280533ff48831b39f4a8",
+                "sha256:49603e1a6e24104961497ad0c07c799aec1caac7400a6762b687e74c8206677d",
+                "sha256:8c2f40b99a8153893793559919a355d7b74649a11e59f411b0b0a1793e160bc0",
+                "sha256:e1d897889c3b5a829426b7d52828fb37b28bc181cd598624e65c8be40ee3f7fa"
            ],
-            "version": "==6.0.1"
+            "version": "==6.0.2"
        },
        "traitlets": {
            "hashes": [
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/async-sql-databases/image01.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/async-sql-databases/image01.png
--- a/docs/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image02.png
+++ b/docs/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image02.png
--- a/docs/release-notes.md
+++ b/docs/release-notes.md
@@ -1,5 +1,29 @@
 ## Next release

+## 0.10.2
+
+* Fix OpenAPI (JSON Schema) for declarations of Python `Union` (JSON Schema `additionalProperties`). PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/121" target="_blank">#121</a>.
+
+* Update <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/" target="_blank">Background Tasks</a> with a note on Celery.
+
+* Document response models using unions and lists, updated at: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/extra-models/" target="_blank">Extra Models</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/108" target="_blank">#108</a>.
+
+## 0.10.1
+
+* Add docs and tests for <a href="https://github.com/encode/databases" target="_blank">encode/databases</a>. New docs at: <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/async-sql-databases/" target="_blank">Async SQL (Relational) Databases</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/107" target="_blank">#107</a>.
+
+## 0.10.0
+
+* Add support for Background Tasks in *path operation functions* and dependencies. New documentation about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/" target="_blank">Background Tasks is here</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/103" target="_blank">#103</a>.
+
+* Add support for `.websocket_route()` in `APIRouter`. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/100" target="_blank">#100</a> by <a href="https://github.com/euri10" target="_blank">@euri10</a>.
+
+* New docs section about <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/events/" target="_blank">Events: startup - shutdown</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/99" target="_blank">#99</a>.
+
+## 0.9.1
+
+* Document receiving <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#query-parameter-list-multiple-values" target="_blank">Multiple values with the same query parameter</a> and <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#duplicate-headers" target="_blank">Duplicate headers</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/95" target="_blank">#95</a>.
+
 ## 0.9.0

 * Upgrade compatible Pydantic version to `0.21.0`. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/90" target="_blank">#90</a>.
--- a/docs/src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from typing import List
+
+import databases
+import sqlalchemy
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+# SQLAlchemy specific code, as with any other app
+DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db"
+# DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"
+
+database = databases.Database(DATABASE_URL)
+
+metadata = sqlalchemy.MetaData()
+
+notes = sqlalchemy.Table(
+    "notes",
+    metadata,
+    sqlalchemy.Column("id", sqlalchemy.Integer, primary_key=True),
+    sqlalchemy.Column("text", sqlalchemy.String),
+    sqlalchemy.Column("completed", sqlalchemy.Boolean),
+)
+
+
+engine = sqlalchemy.create_engine(
+    DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
+)
+metadata.create_all(engine)
+
+
+class NoteIn(BaseModel):
+    text: str
+    completed: bool
+
+
+class Note(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    text: str
+    completed: bool
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup():
+    await database.connect()
+
+
+@app.on_event("shutdown")
+async def shutdown():
+    await database.disconnect()
+
+
+@app.get("/notes/", response_model=List[Note])
+async def read_notes():
+    query = notes.select()
+    return await database.fetch_all(query)
+
+
+@app.post("/notes/", response_model=Note)
+async def create_note(note: NoteIn):
+    query = notes.insert().values(text=note.text, completed=note.completed)
+    last_record_id = await database.execute(query)
+    return {**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id}
--- a/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def write_notification(email: str, message=""):
+    with open("log.txt", mode="w") as email_file:
+        content = f"notification for {email}: {message}"
+        email_file.write(content)
+
+
+@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
+    background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification")
+    return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}
--- a/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+def write_log(message: str):
+    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
+        log.write(message)
+
+
+def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str = None):
+    if q:
+        message = f"found query: {q}\n"
+        background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
+    return q
+
+
+@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+async def send_notification(
+    email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str = Depends(get_query)
+):
+    message = f"message to {email}\n"
+    background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
+    return {"message": "Message sent"}
--- a/docs/src/events/tutorial001.py
+++ b/docs/src/events/tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+items = {}
+
+
+@app.on_event("startup")
+async def startup_event():
+    items["foo"] = {"name": "Fighters"}
+    items["bar"] = {"name": "Tenders"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
--- a/docs/src/events/tutorial002.py
+++ b/docs/src/events/tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.on_event("shutdown")
+def startup_event():
+    with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log:
+        log.write("Application shutdown")
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items():
+    return [{"name": "Foo"}]
--- a/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class BaseItem(BaseModel):
+    description: str
+    type: str
+
+
+class CarItem(BaseItem):
+    type = "car"
+
+
+class PlaneItem(BaseItem):
+    type = "plane"
+    size: int
+
+
+items = {
+    "item1": {"description": "All my friends drive a low rider", "type": "car"},
+    "item2": {
+        "description": "Music is my aeroplane, it's my aeroplane",
+        "type": "plane",
+        "size": 5,
+    },
+}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Union[PlaneItem, CarItem])
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    return items[item_id]
--- a/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial004.py
+++ b/docs/src/extra_models/tutorial004.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Item(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    description: str
+
+
+items = [
+    {"name": "Foo", "description": "There comes my hero"},
+    {"name": "Red", "description": "It's my aeroplane"},
+]
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item])
+async def read_items():
+    return items
--- a/docs/src/header_params/tutorial003.py
+++ b/docs/src/header_params/tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Header
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(x_token: List[str] = Header(None)):
+    return {"X-Token values": x_token}
--- a/docs/src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py
+++ b/docs/src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from typing import List
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/")
+async def read_items(q: List[str] = Query(None)):
+    query_items = {"q": q}
+    return query_items
--- a/docs/tutorial/async-sql-databases.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/async-sql-databases.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+You can also use <a href="https://github.com/encode/databases" target="_blank">`encode/databases`</a> with **FastAPI** to connect to databases using `async` and `await`.
+
+It is compatible with:
+
+* PostgreSQL
+* MySQL
+* SQLite
+
+In this example, we'll use **SQLite**, because it uses a single file and Python has integrated support. So, you can copy this example and run it as is.
+
+Later, for your production application, you might want to use a database server like **PostgreSQL**.
+
+!!! tip
+    You could adopt ideas from the previous section about <a href="/tutorial/sql-databases/" target="_blank">SQLAlchemy ORM</a>, like using utility functions to perform operations in the database, independent of your **FastAPI** code.
+
+    This section doesn't apply those ideas, to be equivalent to the counterpart in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/database/" target="_blank">Starlette</a>.
+
+## Import and set up `SQLAlchemy`
+
+* Import `SQLAlchemy`.
+* Create a `metadata` object.
+* Create a table `notes` using the `metadata` object.
+
+```Python hl_lines="4 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22"
+{!./src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    Notice that all this code is pure SQLAlchemy Core.
+
+    `databases` is not doing anything here yet.
+
+## Import and set up `databases`
+
+* Import `databases`.
+* Create a `DATABASE_URL`.
+* Create a `database` object.
+
+```Python hl_lines="3 9 12"
+{!./src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    If you where connecting to a different database (e.g. PostgreSQL), you would need to change the `DATABASE_URL`.
+
+## Create the tables
+
+In this case, we are creating the tables in the same Python file, but in production, you would probably want to create them with Alembic, integrated with migrations, etc.
+
+Here, this section would run directly, right before starting your **FastAPI** application.
+
+* Create an `engine`.
+* Create all the tables from the `metadata` object.
+
+```Python hl_lines="25 26 27 28"
+{!./src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Create models
+
+Create Pydantic models for:
+
+* Notes to be created (`NoteIn`).
+* Notes to be returned (`Note`).
+
+```Python hl_lines="31 32 33 36 37 38 39"
+{!./src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+By creating these Pydantic models, the input data will be validated, serialized (converted), and annotated (documented).
+
+So, you will be able to see it all in the interactive API docs.
+
+## Connect and disconnect
+
+* Create your `FastAPI` application.
+* Create event handlers to connect and disconnect from the database.
+
+```Python hl_lines="42 45 46 47 50 51 52"
+{!./src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Read notes
+
+Create the *path operation function* to read notes:
+
+```Python hl_lines="55 56 57 58"
+{!./src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! Note
+    Notice that as we communicate with the database using `await`, the *path operation function* is declared with `async`.
+
+### Notice the `response_model=List[Note]`
+
+It uses `typing.List`.
+
+That documents (and validates, serializes, filters) the output data, as a `list` of `Note`s.
+
+## Create notes
+
+Create the *path operation function* to create notes:
+
+```Python hl_lines="61 62 63 64 65"
+{!./src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! Note
+    Notice that as we communicate with the database using `await`, the *path operation function* is declared with `async`.
+
+### About `{**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id}`
+
+`note` is a Pydantic `Note` object.
+
+`note.dict()` returns a `dict` with its data, something like:
+
+```Python
+{
+    "text": "Some note",
+    "completed": False,
+}
+```
+
+but it doesn't have the `id` field.
+
+So we create a new `dict`, that contains the key-value pairs from `note.dict()` with:
+
+```Python
+{**note.dict()}
+```
+
+`**note.dict()` "unpacks" the key value pairs directly, so, `{**note.dict()}` would be, more or less, a copy of `note.dict()`.
+
+And then, we extend that copy `dict`, adding another key-value pair: `"id": last_record_id`:
+
+```Python
+{**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id}
+```
+
+So, the final result returned would be something like:
+
+```Python
+{
+    "id": 1,
+    "text": "Some note",
+    "completed": False,
+}
+```
+
+## Check it
+
+You can copy this code as is, and see the docs at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs</a>.
+
+There you can see all your API documented and interact with it:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/async-sql-databases/image01.png">
+
+## More info
+
+You can read more about <a href="https://github.com/encode/databases" target="_blank">`encode/databases` at its GitHub page</a>.
--- a/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+You can define background tasks to be run *after* returning a response.
+
+This is useful for operations that need to happen after a request, but that the client doesn't really have to be waiting for the operation to complete before receiving his response.
+
+This includes, for example:
+
+* Email notifications sent after performing an action:
+    * As connecting to an email server and sending an email tends to be "slow" (several seconds), you can return the response right away and send the email notification in the background.
+* Processing data:
+    * For example, let's say you receive a file that must go through a slow process, you can return a response of "Accepted" (HTTP 202) and process it in the background.
+
+## Using `BackgroundTasks`
+
+First, import `BackgroundTasks` and define a parameter in your *path operation function* with a type declaration of `BackgroundTasks`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 13"
+{!./src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+**FastAPI** will create the object of type `BackgroundTasks` for you and pass it as that parameter.
+
+!!! tip
+    You declare a parameter of `BackgroundTasks` and use it in a very similar way as to when <a href="/tutorial/using-request-directly/" target="_blank">using the `Request` directly</a>.
+
+
+## Create a task function
+
+Create a function to be run as the background task.
+
+It is just a standard function that can receive parameters.
+
+It can be an `async def` or normal `def` function, **FastAPI** will know how to handle it correctly.
+
+In this case, the task function will write to a file (simulating sending an email). 
+
+And as the write operation doesn't use `async` and `await`, we define the function with normal `def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6 7 8 9"
+{!./src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Add the background task
+
+Inside of your *path operation function*, pass your task function to the *background tasks* object with the method `.add_task()`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="14"
+{!./src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+`.add_task()` receives as arguments:
+
+* A task function to be run in the background (`write_notification`).
+* Any sequence of arguments that should be passed to the task function in order (`email`).
+* Any keyword arguments that should be passed to the task function (`message="some notification"`).
+
+## Dependency Injection
+
+Using `BackgroundTasks` also works with the dependency injection system, you can declare a parameter of type `BackgroundTasks` at multiple levels: in a *path operation function*, in a dependency (dependable), in a sub-dependency, etc.
+
+**FastAPI** knows what to do in each case and how to re-use the same object, so that all the background tasks are merged together and are run in the background afterwards:
+
+```Python hl_lines="11 14 20 23"
+{!./src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+In this example, the messages will be written to the `log.txt` file *after* the response is sent.
+
+If there was a query in the request, it will be written to the log in a background task.
+
+And then another background task generated at the *path operation function* will write a message using the `email` path parameter.
+
+## Technical Details
+
+The class `BackgroundTasks` comes directly from <a href="https://www.starlette.io/background/" target="_blank">`starlette.background`</a>.
+
+It is imported/included directly into FastAPI so that you can import it from `fastapi` and avoid accidentally importing the alternative `BackgroundTask` (without the `s` at the end) from `starlette.background`.
+
+By only using `BackgroundTasks` (and not `BackgroundTask`), it's then possible to use it as a *path operation function* parameter and have **FastAPI** handle the rest for you, just like when using the `Request` object directly.
+
+It's still possible to use `BackgroundTask` alone in FastAPI, but you have to create the object in your code and return a Starlette `Response` including it.
+
+You can see more details in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/background/" target="_blank">Starlette's official docs for Background Tasks</a>.
+
+## Caveat
+
+If you need to perform heavy background computation and you don't necessarily need it to be run by the same process (for example, you don't need to share memory, variables, etc), you might benefit from using other bigger tools like <a href="http://www.celeryproject.org/" target="_blank">Celery</a>.
+
+They tend to require more complex configurations, a message/job queue manager, like RabbitMQ or Redis, but they allow you to run background tasks in multiple processes, and especially, in multiple servers.
+
+To see an example, check the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/project-generation/" target="_blank">Project Generators</a>, they all include Celery already configured.
+
+But if you need to access variables and objects from the same **FastAPI** app, or you need to perform small background tasks (like sending an email notification), you can simply just use `BackgroundTasks`.
+
+## Recap
+
+Import and use `BackgroundTasks` with parameters in *path operation functions* and dependencies to add background tasks.
--- a/docs/tutorial/events.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/events.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+You can define event handlers (functions) that need to be executed before the application starts up, or when the application is shutting down.
+
+These functions can be declared with `async def` or normal `def`.
+
+## `startup` event
+
+To add a function that should be run before the application starts, declare it with the event `"startup"`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="8"
+{!./src/events/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+In this case, the `startup` event handler function will initialize the items "database" (just a `dict`) with some values.
+
+You can add more than one event handler function.
+
+And your application won't start receiving requests until all the `startup` event handlers have completed.
+
+## `shutdown` event
+
+To add a function that should be run when the application is shutting down, declare it with the event `"shutdown"`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6"
+{!./src/events/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+Here, the `shutdown` event handler function will write a text line `"Application shutdown"` to a file `log.txt`.
+
+!!! info
+    In the `open()` function, the `mode="a"` means "append", so, the line will be added after whatever is on that file, without overwriting the previous contents.
+
+!!! tip
+    Notice that in this case we are using a standard Python `open()` function that interacts with a file.
+    
+    So, it involves I/O (input/output), that requires "waiting" for things to be written to disk.
+    
+    But `open()` doesn't use `async` and `await`.
+    
+    So, we declare the event handler function with standard `def` instead of `async def`.
+
+!!! info
+    You can read more about these event handlers in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/events/" target="_blank">Starlette's  Events' docs</a>.
--- a/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md
@@ -152,6 +152,28 @@ That way, we can declare just the differences between the models (with plaintext
 {!./src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!}
 ```

+## `Union` or `anyOf`
+
+You can declare a response to be the `Union` of two types, that means, that the response would be any of the two.
+
+It will be defined in OpenAPI with `anyOf`.
+
+To do that, use the standard Python type hint <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html#typing.Union" target="_blank">`typing.Union`</a>:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 14 15 18 19 20 33"
+{!./src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+## List of models
+
+The same way, you can declare responses of lists of objects.
+
+For that, use the standard Python `typing.List`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 20"
+{!./src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
 ## Recap

 Use multiple Pydantic models and inherit freely for each case.
--- a/docs/tutorial/header-params.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/header-params.md
@@ -47,6 +47,39 @@ If for some reason you need to disable automatic conversion of underscores to hy
 !!! warning
    Before setting `convert_underscores` to `False`, bear in mind that some HTTP proxies and servers disallow the usage of headers with underscores.

+
+## Duplicate headers
+
+It is possible to receive duplicate headers. That means, the same header with multiple values.
+
+You can define those cases using a list in the type declaration.
+
+You will receive all the values from the duplicate header as a Python `list`.
+
+For example, to declare a header of `X-Token` that can appear more than once, you can write:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9"
+{!./src/header_params/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+If you communicate with that *path operation* sending two HTTP headers like:
+
+```
+X-Token: foo
+X-Token: bar
+```
+
+The response would be like:
+
+```JSON
+{
+    "X-Token values": [
+        "bar",
+        "foo"
+    ]
+}
+```
+
 ## Recap

 Declare headers with `Header`, using the same common pattern as `Query`, `Path` and `Cookie`.
--- a/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
+++ b/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
@@ -124,6 +124,43 @@ So, when you need to declare a value as required while using `Query`, you can us

 This will let **FastAPI** know that this parameter is required.

+## Query parameter list / multiple values
+
+When you define a query parameter explicitly with `Query` you can also declare it to receive a list of values, or said in other way, to receive multiple values.
+
+For example, to declare a query parameter `q` that can appear multiple times in the URL, you can write:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9"
+{!./src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!}
+```
+
+Then, with a URL like:
+
+```
+http://localhost:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar
+```
+
+you would receive the multiple `q` *query parameters'* values (`foo` and `bar`) in a Python `list` inside your *path operation function*, in the *function parameter* `q`.
+
+So, the response to that URL would be:
+
+```JSON
+{
+  "q": [
+    "foo",
+    "bar"
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    To declare a query parameter with a type of `list`, like in the example above, you need to explicitly use `Query`, otherwise it would be interpreted as a request body.
+
+
+The interactive API docs will update accordingly, to allow multiple values:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/image02.png">
+
 ## Declare more metadata

 You can add more information about the parameter.
--- a/fastapi/init.py
+++ b/fastapi/init.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""

-__version__ = "0.9.0"
+__version__ = "0.10.2"
+
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks

 from .applications import FastAPI
 from .datastructures import UploadFile
--- a/fastapi/dependencies/models.py
+++ b/fastapi/dependencies/models.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class Dependant:
        name: str = None,
        call: Callable = None,
        request_param_name: str = None,
+        background_tasks_param_name: str = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.path_params = path_params or []
        self.query_params = query_params or []
@@ -35,5 +36,6 @@ class Dependant:
        self.dependencies = dependencies or []
        self.security_requirements = security_schemes or []
        self.request_param_name = request_param_name
+        self.background_tasks_param_name = background_tasks_param_name
        self.name = name
        self.call = call
--- a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py
@@ -3,7 +3,18 @@ import inspect
 from copy import deepcopy
 from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta
 from decimal import Decimal
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Mapping, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
 from uuid import UUID

 from fastapi import params
@@ -16,6 +27,7 @@ from pydantic.errors import MissingError
 from pydantic.fields import Field, Required, Shape
 from pydantic.schema import get_annotation_from_schema
 from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks
 from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
 from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile
 from starlette.requests import Headers, QueryParams, Request
@@ -125,6 +137,8 @@ def get_dependant(*, path: str, call: Callable, name: str = None) -> Dependant:
            )
        elif lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, Request):
            dependant.request_param_name = param_name
+        elif lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, BackgroundTasks):
+            dependant.background_tasks_param_name = param_name
        elif not isinstance(param.default, params.Depends):
            add_param_to_body_fields(param=param, dependant=dependant)
    return dependant
@@ -215,13 +229,20 @@ def is_coroutine_callable(call: Callable) -> bool:


 async def solve_dependencies(
-    *, request: Request, dependant: Dependant, body: Dict[str, Any] = None
-) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], List[ErrorWrapper]]:
+    *,
+    request: Request,
+    dependant: Dependant,
+    body: Dict[str, Any] = None,
+    background_tasks: BackgroundTasks = None,
+) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], List[ErrorWrapper], Optional[BackgroundTasks]]:
    values: Dict[str, Any] = {}
    errors: List[ErrorWrapper] = []
    for sub_dependant in dependant.dependencies:
-        sub_values, sub_errors = await solve_dependencies(
-            request=request, dependant=sub_dependant, body=body
+        sub_values, sub_errors, background_tasks = await solve_dependencies(
+            request=request,
+            dependant=sub_dependant,
+            body=body,
+            background_tasks=background_tasks,
        )
        if sub_errors:
            errors.extend(sub_errors)
@@ -258,7 +279,11 @@ async def solve_dependencies(
        errors.extend(body_errors)
    if dependant.request_param_name:
        values[dependant.request_param_name] = request
-    return values, errors
+    if dependant.background_tasks_param_name:
+        if background_tasks is None:
+            background_tasks = BackgroundTasks()
+        values[dependant.background_tasks_param_name] = background_tasks
+    return values, errors, background_tasks


 def request_params_to_args(
--- a/fastapi/openapi/models.py
+++ b/fastapi/openapi/models.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class SchemaBase(BaseModel):
    not_: Optional[List[Any]] = PSchema(None, alias="not")  # type: ignore
    items: Optional[Any] = None
    properties: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
-    additionalProperties: Optional[Union[bool, Any]] = None
+    additionalProperties: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], bool]] = None
    description: Optional[str] = None
    format: Optional[str] = None
    default: Optional[Any] = None
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class Schema(SchemaBase):
    not_: Optional[List[SchemaBase]] = PSchema(None, alias="not")  # type: ignore
    items: Optional[SchemaBase] = None
    properties: Optional[Dict[str, SchemaBase]] = None
-    additionalProperties: Optional[Union[bool, SchemaBase]] = None
+    additionalProperties: Optional[Union[SchemaBase, bool]] = None


 class Example(BaseModel):
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class Operation(BaseModel):
    operationId: Optional[str] = None
    parameters: Optional[List[Union[Parameter, Reference]]] = None
    requestBody: Optional[Union[RequestBody, Reference]] = None
-    responses: Union[Responses, Dict[Union[str], Response]]
+    responses: Union[Responses, Dict[str, Response]]
    # Workaround OpenAPI recursive reference
    callbacks: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Dict[str, Any], Reference]]] = None
    deprecated: Optional[bool] = None
--- a/fastapi/routing.py
+++ b/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def get_app(
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body"
            )
-        values, errors = await solve_dependencies(
+        values, errors, background_tasks = await solve_dependencies(
            request=request, dependant=dependant, body=body
        )
        if errors:
@@ -83,11 +83,17 @@ def get_app(
            else:
                raw_response = await run_in_threadpool(dependant.call, **values)
            if isinstance(raw_response, Response):
+                if raw_response.background is None:
+                    raw_response.background = background_tasks
                return raw_response
            response_data = serialize_response(
                field=response_field, response=raw_response
            )
-            return content_type(content=response_data, status_code=status_code)
+            return content_type(
+                content=response_data,
+                status_code=status_code,
+                background=background_tasks,
+            )

    return app

@@ -271,6 +277,10 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
                    include_in_schema=route.include_in_schema,
                    name=route.name,
                )
+            elif isinstance(route, routing.WebSocketRoute):
+                self.add_websocket_route(
+                    prefix + route.path, route.endpoint, name=route.name
+                )

    def get(
        self,
--- a/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/mkdocs.yml
@@ -57,12 +57,15 @@ nav:
            - OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens: 'tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md'
        - Using the Request Directly: 'tutorial/using-request-directly.md'    
        - SQL (Relational) Databases: 'tutorial/sql-databases.md'
+        - Async SQL (Relational) Databases: 'tutorial/async-sql-databases.md'
        - NoSQL (Distributed / Big Data) Databases: 'tutorial/nosql-databases.md'
        - Bigger Applications - Multiple Files: 'tutorial/bigger-applications.md'
+        - Background Tasks: 'tutorial/background-tasks.md'
        - Sub Applications - Behind a Proxy: 'tutorial/sub-applications-proxy.md'
        - Application Configuration: 'tutorial/application-configuration.md'
        - GraphQL: 'tutorial/graphql.md'
        - WebSockets: 'tutorial/websockets.md'
+        - 'Events: startup - shutdown': 'tutorial/events.md'
        - Debugging: 'tutorial/debugging.md'
    - Concurrency and async / await: 'async.md'
    - Deployment: 'deployment.md'
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ test = [
    "isort",
    "requests",
    "email_validator",
-    "sqlalchemy"
+    "sqlalchemy",
+    "databases[sqlite]",
 ]
 doc = [
    "mkdocs",
--- a/tests/test_additional_properties.py
+++ b/tests/test_additional_properties.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+from typing import Dict
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+class Items(BaseModel):
+    items: Dict[str, int]
+
+
+@app.post("/foo")
+def foo(items: Items):
+    return items.items
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/foo": {
+            "post": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Foo Post",
+                "operationId": "foo_foo_post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Items"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Items": {
+                "title": "Items",
+                "required": ["items"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "items": {
+                        "title": "Items",
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "additionalProperties": {"type": "integer"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_additional_properties_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_additional_properties_post():
+    response = client.post("/foo", json={"items": {"foo": 1, "bar": 2}})
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"foo": 1, "bar": 2}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_async_sql_databases/init.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_async_sql_databases/init.py
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_async_sql_databases/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_async_sql_databases/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from async_sql_databases.tutorial001 import app
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/notes/": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "title": "Response_Read_Notes",
+                                    "type": "array",
+                                    "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Note"},
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+                "summary": "Read Notes Get",
+                "operationId": "read_notes_notes__get",
+            },
+            "post": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Note"}
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Create Note Post",
+                "operationId": "create_note_notes__post",
+                "requestBody": {
+                    "content": {
+                        "application/json": {
+                            "schema": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/NoteIn"}
+                        }
+                    },
+                    "required": True,
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "NoteIn": {
+                "title": "NoteIn",
+                "required": ["text", "completed"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "text": {"title": "Text", "type": "string"},
+                    "completed": {"title": "Completed", "type": "boolean"},
+                },
+            },
+            "Note": {
+                "title": "Note",
+                "required": ["id", "text", "completed"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "id": {"title": "Id", "type": "integer"},
+                    "text": {"title": "Text", "type": "string"},
+                    "completed": {"title": "Completed", "type": "boolean"},
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_create_read():
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        note = {"text": "Foo bar", "completed": False}
+        response = client.post("/notes/", json=note)
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["text"] == note["text"]
+        assert data["completed"] == note["completed"]
+        assert "id" in data
+        response = client.get(f"/notes/")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert data in response.json()
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_background_tasks/init.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_background_tasks/init.py
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_background_tasks/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_background_tasks/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from background_tasks.tutorial001 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test():
+    log = Path("log.txt")
+    if log.is_file():
+        os.remove(log)  # pragma: no cover
+    response = client.post("/send-notification/foo@example.com")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}
+    with open("./log.txt") as f:
+        assert "notification for foo@example.com: some notification" in f.read()
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_background_tasks/test_tutorial002.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_background_tasks/test_tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from background_tasks.tutorial002 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test():
+    log = Path("log.txt")
+    if log.is_file():
+        os.remove(log)  # pragma: no cover
+    response = client.post("/send-notification/foo@example.com?q=some-query")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"message": "Message sent"}
+    with open("./log.txt") as f:
+        assert "found query: some-query\nmessage to foo@example.com" in f.read()
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_events/init.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_events/init.py
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_events/test_tutorial001.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_events/test_tutorial001.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from events.tutorial001 import app
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/{item_id}": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Read Item Get",
+                "operationId": "read_item_items__item_id__get",
+                "parameters": [
+                    {
+                        "required": True,
+                        "schema": {"title": "Item_Id", "type": "string"},
+                        "name": "item_id",
+                        "in": "path",
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_events():
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+        response = client.get("/items/foo")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == {"name": "Fighters"}
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_events/test_tutorial002.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_events/test_tutorial002.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from events.tutorial002 import app
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    }
+                },
+                "summary": "Read Items Get",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+            }
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_events():
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+        response = client.get("/items/")
+        assert response.status_code == 200
+        assert response.json() == [{"name": "Foo"}]
+    with open("log.txt") as log:
+        assert "Application shutdown" in log.read()
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_extra_models/init.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_extra_models/init.py
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_extra_models/test_tutorial003.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_extra_models/test_tutorial003.py
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from extra_models.tutorial003 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/{item_id}": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "title": "Response_Read_Item",
+                                    "anyOf": [
+                                        {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/PlaneItem"},
+                                        {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/CarItem"},
+                                    ],
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Read Item Get",
+                "operationId": "read_item_items__item_id__get",
+                "parameters": [
+                    {
+                        "required": True,
+                        "schema": {"title": "Item_Id", "type": "string"},
+                        "name": "item_id",
+                        "in": "path",
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "PlaneItem": {
+                "title": "PlaneItem",
+                "required": ["description", "size"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "description": {"title": "Description", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Type", "type": "string", "default": "plane"},
+                    "size": {"title": "Size", "type": "integer"},
+                },
+            },
+            "CarItem": {
+                "title": "CarItem",
+                "required": ["description"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "description": {"title": "Description", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Type", "type": "string", "default": "car"},
+                },
+            },
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_get_car():
+    response = client.get("/items/item1")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "description": "All my friends drive a low rider",
+        "type": "car",
+    }
+
+
+def test_get_plane():
+    response = client.get("/items/item2")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {
+        "description": "Music is my aeroplane, it's my aeroplane",
+        "type": "plane",
+        "size": 5,
+    }
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_extra_models/test_tutorial004.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_extra_models/test_tutorial004.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from extra_models.tutorial004 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "title": "Response_Read_Items",
+                                    "type": "array",
+                                    "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item"},
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    }
+                },
+                "summary": "Read Items Get",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "Item": {
+                "title": "Item",
+                "required": ["name", "description"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
+                    "description": {"title": "Description", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_get_items():
+    response = client.get("/items/")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == [
+        {"name": "Foo", "description": "There comes my hero"},
+        {"name": "Red", "description": "It's my aeroplane"},
+    ]
--- a/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial011.py
+++ b/tests/test_tutorial/test_query_params_str_validations/test_tutorial011.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+
+from query_params_str_validations.tutorial011 import app
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+openapi_schema = {
+    "openapi": "3.0.2",
+    "info": {"title": "Fast API", "version": "0.1.0"},
+    "paths": {
+        "/items/": {
+            "get": {
+                "responses": {
+                    "200": {
+                        "description": "Successful Response",
+                        "content": {"application/json": {"schema": {}}},
+                    },
+                    "422": {
+                        "description": "Validation Error",
+                        "content": {
+                            "application/json": {
+                                "schema": {
+                                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError"
+                                }
+                            }
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                "summary": "Read Items Get",
+                "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
+                "parameters": [
+                    {
+                        "required": False,
+                        "schema": {
+                            "title": "Q",
+                            "type": "array",
+                            "items": {"type": "string"},
+                        },
+                        "name": "q",
+                        "in": "query",
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    "components": {
+        "schemas": {
+            "ValidationError": {
+                "title": "ValidationError",
+                "required": ["loc", "msg", "type"],
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "loc": {
+                        "title": "Location",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"type": "string"},
+                    },
+                    "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
+                    "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
+                },
+            },
+            "HTTPValidationError": {
+                "title": "HTTPValidationError",
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                    "detail": {
+                        "title": "Detail",
+                        "type": "array",
+                        "items": {"$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError"},
+                    }
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    },
+}
+
+
+def test_openapi_schema():
+    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == openapi_schema
+
+
+def test_multi_query_values():
+    url = "/items/?q=foo&q=bar"
+    response = client.get(url)
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == {"q": ["foo", "bar"]}
--- a/tests/test_ws_router.py
+++ b/tests/test_ws_router.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
+from starlette.testclient import TestClient
+from starlette.websockets import WebSocket
+
+router = APIRouter()
+prefix_router = APIRouter()
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.websocket_route("/")
+async def index(websocket: WebSocket):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_text("Hello, world!")
+    await websocket.close()
+
+
+@router.websocket_route("/router")
+async def routerindex(websocket: WebSocket):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_text("Hello, router!")
+    await websocket.close()
+
+
+@prefix_router.websocket_route("/")
+async def routerprefixindex(websocket: WebSocket):
+    await websocket.accept()
+    await websocket.send_text("Hello, router with prefix!")
+    await websocket.close()
+
+
+app.include_router(router)
+app.include_router(prefix_router, prefix="/prefix")
+
+
+def test_app():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with client.websocket_connect("/") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_text()
+        assert data == "Hello, world!"
+
+
+def test_router():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with client.websocket_connect("/router") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_text()
+        assert data == "Hello, router!"
+
+
+def test_prefix_router():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    with client.websocket_connect("/prefix/") as websocket:
+        data = websocket.receive_text()
+        assert data == "Hello, router with prefix!"
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Sebastián Ramírez	825f397918	🔖 Release 0.10.2	2019-03-29 15:17:34 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b390e32372	📝 Update release notes	2019-03-29 15:16:56 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b7d184363f	🐛 Fix JSON Schema of additional properties (#121 ) #87	2019-03-29 15:15:49 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	2ddb804940	📝 Update release notes	2019-03-25 23:48:27 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	a2c9f666b5	📝 Add note about Celery in background tasks	2019-03-25 23:47:25 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	1594222e39	📝 Update Release Notes	2019-03-25 23:28:36 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	dc1e94d05f	✨ Document and test union and list response models (#108 )	2019-03-25 23:28:09 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b0f7961b65	🔖 Release 0.10.1: support for encode/databases	2019-03-25 22:21:59 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	1c2ecbb89a	✨ Add docs and tests for encode/databases (#107 ) * ✨ Add docs and tests for encode/databases * ➕ Add testing-only dependency, databases	2019-03-25 22:17:31 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	5a6e47bd49	🔖 Release 0.10.0: BackgroundTasks and websockets fix	2019-03-24 23:37:37 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	58872dca74	📝 Udpate release notes	2019-03-24 23:36:57 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9b04593260	✨ Add support for BackgroundTasks parameters (#103 ) * ✨ Add support for BackgroundTasks parameters * 🐛 Fix type declaration in dependencies * 🐛 Fix coverage of util in tests	2019-03-24 23:33:35 +04:00
euri10	6d77e2ac5f	✨ Add websocket to APIRouter (#100 ) * Add websocket to APIRouter * Restore upstream/master Pipfile.lock (git checkout upstream/master -- Pipfile.lock) * Added tests for router with a prefix	2019-03-24 23:18:20 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	b16ca54c30	📝 Update Release Notes	2019-03-24 12:46:13 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	834723cf2c	✨ Add events docs and tests (#99 )	2019-03-24 12:45:46 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	9778542ba6	🔖 Release 0.9.1, multi value/duplicate query/header	2019-03-22 21:52:37 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	34c34c68d2	📝 Update release notes	2019-03-22 21:51:36 +04:00
Sebastián Ramírez	c64f8346ae	✨ Multi-value query parameters and duplicate headers (#95 ) * 📝 Document multi-value query parameters * ✨ Document and test multiple query values * ✨ Document receiving duplicate headers	2019-03-22 21:47:54 +04:00