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542 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
542 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
<p align="center">
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<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<em>FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production</em>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/actions?query=workflow%3ATest+event%3Apush+branch%3Amaster">
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<img src="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?event=push&branch=master" alt="Test">
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</a>
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<a href="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/redirect/fastapi/fastapi">
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<img src="https://coverage-badge.samuelcolvin.workers.dev/fastapi/fastapi.svg" alt="Coverage">
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</a>
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<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
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</a>
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<a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi">
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<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/fastapi.svg?color=%2334D058" alt="Supported Python versions">
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</a>
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</p>
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---
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**Documentation**: [https://fastapi.tiangolo.com](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com)
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**Source Code**: [https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi)
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---
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FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python based on standard Python type hints.
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The key features are:
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* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance).
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* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. *
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* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. *
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* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <dfn title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</dfn> everywhere. Less time debugging.
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* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
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* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
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* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
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* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: [OpenAPI](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification) (previously known as Swagger) and [JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org/).
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<small>* estimation based on tests conducted by an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
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## Sponsors
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<!-- sponsors -->
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### Keystone Sponsor
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<a href="https://fastapicloud.com" target="_blank" title="FastAPI Cloud. By the same team behind FastAPI. You code. We Cloud."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/fastapicloud.png"></a>
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### Gold and Silver Sponsors
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<a href="https://blockbee.io?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="BlockBee Cryptocurrency Payment Gateway"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/blockbee.png"></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/scalar/scalar/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge" target="_blank" title="Scalar: Beautiful Open-Source API References from Swagger/OpenAPI files"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/scalar.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge" target="_blank" title="Auth, user management and more for your B2B product"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png"></a>
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<a href="https://liblab.com?utm_source=fastapi" target="_blank" title="liblab - Generate SDKs from FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/liblab.png"></a>
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<a href="https://docs.render.com/deploy-fastapi?utm_source=deploydoc&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Deploy & scale any full-stack web app on Render. Focus on building apps, not infra."><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/render.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://www.coderabbit.ai/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Cut Code Review Time & Bugs in Half with CodeRabbit"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/coderabbit.png"></a>
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<a href="https://subtotal.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=open-source" target="_blank" title="The Gold Standard in Retail Account Linking"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/subtotal.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://docs.railway.com/guides/fastapi?utm_medium=integration&utm_source=docs&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Deploy enterprise applications at startup speed"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/railway.png"></a>
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<a href="https://serpapi.com/?utm_source=fastapi_website" target="_blank" title="SerpApi: Web Search API"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/serpapi.png"></a>
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<a href="https://www.greptile.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsorship&utm_campaign=fastapi_sponsor_page" target="_blank" title="Greptile: The AI Code Reviewer"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/greptile.png"></a>
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<a href="https://databento.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=sponsor&utm_content=display" target="_blank" title="Pay as you go for market data"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/databento.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://www.svix.com/" target="_blank" title="Svix - Webhooks as a service"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg"></a>
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<a href="https://www.stainlessapi.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral" target="_blank" title="Stainless | Generate best-in-class SDKs"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/stainless.png"></a>
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<a href="https://www.permit.io/blog/implement-authorization-in-fastapi?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=fastapi" target="_blank" title="Fine-Grained Authorization for FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/permit.png"></a>
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<a href="https://www.interviewpal.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=open-source&utm_campaign=dev-hiring" target="_blank" title="InterviewPal - AI Interview Coach for Engineers and Devs"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/interviewpal.png"></a>
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<a href="https://dribia.com/en/" target="_blank" title="Dribia - Data Science within your reach"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/dribia.png"></a>
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<!-- /sponsors -->
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[Other sponsors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors)
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## Opinions
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<div class="only-github" markdown="1">
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| [<img height="22" src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logos/microsoft.svg" alt="Microsoft">](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/26 "Microsoft") | [<img height="22" src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logos/uber.svg" alt="Uber">](https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/ "Uber") | [<img height="22" src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logos/netflix.svg" alt="Netflix">](https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072 "Netflix") | [<img height="22" src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logos/cisco.svg" alt="Cisco">](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/ "Cisco") |
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| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
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"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
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<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kabir Khan - <strong>Microsoft</strong> <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/26"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
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---
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"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_"
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<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - <strong>Uber</strong> <a href="https://eng.uber.com/ludwig-v0-2/"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
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---
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"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_"
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<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - <strong>Netflix</strong> <a href="https://netflixtechblog.com/introducing-dispatch-da4b8a2a8072"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
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---
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"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._"
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<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Deon Pillsbury - <strong>Cisco</strong> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/deonpillsbury_cisco-cx-python-activity-6963242628536487936-trAp/"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
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---
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</div>
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## FastAPI Conf
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[**FastAPI Conf '26**](https://fastapiconf.com) is happening on **October 28, 2026** in **Amsterdam, NL**. All about FastAPI, right from the source. 🎤
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<a href="https://fastapiconf.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/fastapi-conf.jpeg" alt="FastAPI Conf '26 - October 28, 2026 - Amsterdam, NL"></a>
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## FastAPI mini documentary
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There's a [FastAPI mini documentary](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpR8ngthqiE) released at the end of 2025, you can watch it online:
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpR8ngthqiE"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/fastapi-documentary.jpg" alt="FastAPI Mini Documentary"></a>
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## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs
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<a href="https://typer.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://typer.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-margin-vector.svg" style="width: 20%;"></a>
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If you are building a <abbr title="Command Line Interface">CLI</abbr> app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out [**Typer**](https://typer.tiangolo.com/).
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**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀
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## Requirements
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FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants:
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* [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/) for the web parts.
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* [Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/) for the data parts.
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## Installation
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Create and activate a [virtual environment](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/virtual-environments/) and then install FastAPI:
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<div class="termy">
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```console
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$ pip install "fastapi[standard]"
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---> 100%
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```
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</div>
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**Note**: Make sure you put `"fastapi[standard]"` in quotes to ensure it works in all terminals.
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## Example
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### Create it
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Create a file `main.py` with:
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```Python
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from fastapi import FastAPI
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app = FastAPI()
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@app.get("/")
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def read_root():
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return {"Hello": "World"}
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@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
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def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
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return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
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```
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<details markdown="1">
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<summary>Or use <code>async def</code>...</summary>
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If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
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```Python hl_lines="7 12"
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from fastapi import FastAPI
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app = FastAPI()
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@app.get("/")
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async def read_root():
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return {"Hello": "World"}
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@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
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async def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
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return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
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```
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**Note**:
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If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about [`async` and `await` in the docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/async/#in-a-hurry).
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</details>
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### Run it
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Run the server with:
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<div class="termy">
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```console
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$ fastapi dev
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╭────────── FastAPI CLI - Development mode ───────────╮
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│ │
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│ Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 │
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│ │
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│ API docs: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs │
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│ │
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│ Running in development mode, for production use: │
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│ │
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│ fastapi run │
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│ │
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╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
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INFO: Will watch for changes in these directories: ['/home/user/code/awesomeapp']
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INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
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INFO: Started reloader process [2248755] using WatchFiles
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INFO: Started server process [2248757]
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INFO: Waiting for application startup.
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INFO: Application startup complete.
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```
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</div>
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<details markdown="1">
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<summary>About the command <code>fastapi dev</code>...</summary>
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The command `fastapi dev` reads your `main.py` file automatically, detects the **FastAPI** app in it, and starts a server using [Uvicorn](https://www.uvicorn.dev).
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By default, `fastapi dev` will start with auto-reload enabled for local development.
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You can read more about it in the [FastAPI CLI docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-cli/).
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</details>
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### Check it
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Open your browser at [http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery](http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery).
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You will see the JSON response as:
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```JSON
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{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
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```
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You already created an API that:
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* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`.
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* Both _paths_ take `GET` <em>operations</em> (also known as HTTP _methods_).
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* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`.
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* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`.
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### Interactive API docs
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Now go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs](http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs).
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You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui)):
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### Alternative API docs
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And now, go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc](http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc).
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You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by [ReDoc](https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc)):
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## Example upgrade
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Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
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Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
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```Python hl_lines="2 7-10 23-25"
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from fastapi import FastAPI
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from pydantic import BaseModel
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app = FastAPI()
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class Item(BaseModel):
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name: str
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price: float
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is_offer: bool | None = None
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@app.get("/")
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def read_root():
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return {"Hello": "World"}
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@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
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def read_item(item_id: int, q: str | None = None):
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return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
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@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
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def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
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return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
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```
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The `fastapi dev` server should reload automatically.
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### Interactive API docs upgrade
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Now go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs](http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs).
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* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body:
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* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API:
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* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen:
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### Alternative API docs upgrade
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And now, go to [http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc](http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc).
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* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body:
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### Recap
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In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters.
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You do that with standard modern Python types.
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You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc.
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Just standard **Python**.
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For example, for an `int`:
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```Python
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item_id: int
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```
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or for a more complex `Item` model:
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```Python
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item: Item
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```
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...and with that single declaration you get:
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* Editor support, including:
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* Completion.
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* Type checks.
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* Validation of data:
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* Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid.
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* Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects.
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* <dfn title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</dfn> of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from:
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* JSON.
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* Path parameters.
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* Query parameters.
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* Cookies.
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* Headers.
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* Forms.
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* Files.
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* <dfn title="also known as: serialization, parsing, marshalling">Conversion</dfn> of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON):
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* Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc).
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* `datetime` objects.
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* `UUID` objects.
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* Database models.
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* ...and many more.
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* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces:
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* Swagger UI.
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* ReDoc.
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---
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Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will:
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* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
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* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests.
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* If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error.
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* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests.
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* As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional.
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* Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`).
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* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, read the body as JSON:
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* Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`.
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* Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`.
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* Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present.
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* All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects.
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* Convert from and to JSON automatically.
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* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by:
|
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* Interactive documentation systems.
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* Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages.
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* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly.
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|
---
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We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works.
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Try changing the line with:
|
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|
```Python
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return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
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```
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...from:
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```Python
|
|
... "item_name": item.name ...
|
|
```
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|
|
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...to:
|
|
|
|
```Python
|
|
... "item_price": item.price ...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types:
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|
|
|
|
|
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For a more complete example including more features, see the <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/">Tutorial - User Guide</a>.
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|
|
|
**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes:
|
|
|
|
* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**.
|
|
* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`.
|
|
* A very powerful and easy to use **<dfn title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Dependency Injection</dfn>** system.
|
|
* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth.
|
|
* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic).
|
|
* **GraphQL** integration with [Strawberry](https://strawberry.rocks) and other libraries.
|
|
* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as:
|
|
* **WebSockets**
|
|
* extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest`
|
|
* **CORS**
|
|
* **Cookie Sessions**
|
|
* ...and more.
|
|
|
|
### Deploy your app (optional)
|
|
|
|
You can optionally deploy your FastAPI app to [FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com), go and join the waiting list if you haven't. 🚀
|
|
|
|
If you already have a **FastAPI Cloud** account (we invited you from the waiting list 😉), you can deploy your application with one command.
|
|
|
|
<div class="termy">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
$ fastapi deploy
|
|
|
|
Deploying to FastAPI Cloud...
|
|
|
|
✅ Deployment successful!
|
|
|
|
🐔 Ready the chicken! Your app is ready at https://myapp.fastapicloud.dev
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
That's it! Now you can access your app at that URL. ✨
|
|
|
|
#### About FastAPI Cloud
|
|
|
|
**[FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com)** is built by the same author and team behind **FastAPI**.
|
|
|
|
It streamlines the process of **building**, **deploying**, and **accessing** an API with minimal effort.
|
|
|
|
It brings the same **developer experience** of building apps with FastAPI to **deploying** them to the cloud. 🎉
|
|
|
|
FastAPI Cloud is the primary sponsor and funding provider for the *FastAPI and friends* open source projects. ✨
|
|
|
|
#### Deploy to other cloud providers
|
|
|
|
FastAPI is open source and based on standards. You can deploy FastAPI apps to any cloud provider you choose.
|
|
|
|
Follow your cloud provider's guides to deploy FastAPI apps with them. 🤓
|
|
|
|
## Performance
|
|
|
|
Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as [one of the fastest Python frameworks available](https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7), only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*)
|
|
|
|
To understand more about it, see the section [Benchmarks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/benchmarks/).
|
|
|
|
## Dependencies
|
|
|
|
FastAPI depends on Pydantic and Starlette.
|
|
|
|
### `standard` Dependencies
|
|
|
|
When you install FastAPI with `pip install "fastapi[standard]"` it comes with the `standard` group of optional dependencies:
|
|
|
|
Used by Pydantic:
|
|
|
|
* [`email-validator`](https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator) - for email validation.
|
|
|
|
Used by Starlette:
|
|
|
|
* [`httpx`](https://www.python-httpx.org) - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
|
|
* [`jinja2`](https://jinja.palletsprojects.com) - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
|
|
* [`python-multipart`](https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart) - Required if you want to support form <dfn title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</dfn>, with `request.form()`.
|
|
|
|
Used by FastAPI:
|
|
|
|
* [`uvicorn`](https://www.uvicorn.dev) - for the server that loads and serves your application. This includes `uvicorn[standard]`, which includes some dependencies (e.g. `uvloop`) needed for high performance serving.
|
|
* `fastapi-cli[standard]` - to provide the `fastapi` command.
|
|
* This includes `fastapi-cloud-cli`, which allows you to deploy your FastAPI application to [FastAPI Cloud](https://fastapicloud.com).
|
|
|
|
### Without `standard` Dependencies
|
|
|
|
If you don't want to include the `standard` optional dependencies, you can install with `pip install fastapi` instead of `pip install "fastapi[standard]"`.
|
|
|
|
### Without `fastapi-cloud-cli`
|
|
|
|
If you want to install FastAPI with the standard dependencies but without the `fastapi-cloud-cli`, you can install with `pip install "fastapi[standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli]"`.
|
|
|
|
### Additional Optional Dependencies
|
|
|
|
There are some additional dependencies you might want to install.
|
|
|
|
Additional optional Pydantic dependencies:
|
|
|
|
* [`pydantic-settings`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/pydantic_settings/) - for settings management.
|
|
* [`pydantic-extra-types`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/usage/types/extra_types/extra_types/) - for extra types to be used with Pydantic.
|
|
|
|
Additional optional FastAPI dependencies:
|
|
|
|
* [`orjson`](https://github.com/ijl/orjson) - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
|
|
* [`ujson`](https://github.com/esnme/ultrajson) - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`.
|
|
|
|
## License
|
|
|
|
This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
|