Update math functions to C++ standard library (#7685)

* use c++ std::* math functions
This updates usages of sin, cos, tan, pow, exp, log, log10, sqrt, fmod, fabs, and fabsf,
excluding any usages that look like they might be part of a submodule or 3rd-party code.
There's probably some std math functions not listed here that haven't been updated yet.

* fix std::sqrt typo

lmao one always sneaks by

* Apply code review suggestions
- std::pow(2, x) -> std::exp2(x)
- std::pow(10, x) -> lmms::fastPow10f(x)
- std::pow(x, 2) -> x * x, std::pow(x, 3) -> x * x * x, etc.
- Resolve TODOs, fix typos, and so forth

Co-authored-by: Rossmaxx <74815851+Rossmaxx@users.noreply.github.com>

* Fix double -> float truncation, DrumSynth fix

I mistakenly introduced a bug in my recent PR regarding template
constants, in which a -1 that was supposed to appear outside of an abs()
instead was moved inside it, screwing up the generated waveform. I fixed
that and also simplified the function by factoring out the phase domain
wrapping using the new `ediv()` function from this PR. It should behave
how it's supposed to now... assuming all my parentheses are in the right
place lol

* Annotate magic numbers with TODOs for C++20

* On second thought, why wait?

What else is lmms::numbers for?

* begone inline

Co-authored-by: Rossmaxx <74815851+Rossmaxx@users.noreply.github.com>

* begone other inline

Co-authored-by: Rossmaxx <74815851+Rossmaxx@users.noreply.github.com>

* Re-inline function in lmms_math.h

For functions, constexpr implies inline so this just re-adds inline to
the one that isn't constexpr yet

* Formatting fixes, readability improvements

Co-authored-by: Dalton Messmer <messmer.dalton@gmail.com>

* Fix previously missed pow() calls, cleanup

Co-authored-by: Dalton Messmer <messmer.dalton@gmail.com>

* Just delete ediv() entirely lmao

No ediv(), no std::fmod(), no std::remainder(), just std::floor().
It should all work for negative phase inputs as well. If I end up
needing ediv() in the future, I can add it then.

* Simplify DrumSynth triangle waveform

This reuses more work and is also a lot more easy to visualize.

It's probably a meaningless micro-optimization, but it might be worth changing it back to a switch-case and just calculating ph_tau and saw01 at the beginning of the function in all code paths, even if it goes unused for the first two cases. Guess I'll see if anybody has strong opinions about it.

* Move multiplication inside abs()

* Clean up a few more pow(x, 2) -> x * x

* Remove numbers::inv_pi, numbers::inv_tau

* delete spooky leading 0

Co-authored-by: Dalton Messmer <messmer.dalton@gmail.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Rossmaxx <74815851+Rossmaxx@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dalton Messmer <messmer.dalton@gmail.com>

plugins/BitInvader/BitInvader.cpp

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ BSynth::BSynth( float * _shape, NotePlayHandle * _nph, bool _interpolation,
 		i.e., the absolute value of all samples is <= 1.0 if _factor
 		is different to the default normalization factor. If there is
 		a value > 1.0, clip the sample to 1.0 to limit the range. */
-		if ((_factor != defaultNormalizationFactor) && (fabsf(buf) > 1.0f))
+		if ((_factor != defaultNormalizationFactor) && (std::abs(buf) > 1.0f))
 		{
 			buf = (buf < 0) ? -1.0f : 1.0f;
 		}
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ void BitInvader::normalize()
 	const float* samples = m_graph.samples();
 	for(int i=0; i < m_graph.length(); i++)
 	{
-		const float f = fabsf( samples[i] );
+		const float f = std::abs(samples[i]);
 		if (f > max) { max = f; }
 	}
 	m_normalizeFactor = 1.0 / max;
@@ -554,4 +554,4 @@ PLUGIN_EXPORT Plugin * lmms_plugin_main( Model *m, void * )
 }
 
 
-} // namespace lmms
+} // namespace lmms