remove duplicate check for ".."

AMD gfx patch rev is hex

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10_bug_report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+name: Bug report
+labels: [bug]
+description: Something isn't working right.
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: What is the issue?
+      description: What happened? What did you expect to happen?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: os
+    attributes:
+      label: OS
+      description: Which operating system are you using?
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Linux
+        - macOS
+        - Windows
+        - Docker
+        - WSL2
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: gpu
+    attributes:
+      label: GPU
+      description: Which GPU are you using?
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Nvidia
+        - AMD
+        - Intel
+        - Apple
+        - Other
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: cpu
+    attributes:
+      label: CPU
+      description: Which CPU are you using?
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Intel
+        - AMD
+        - Apple
+        - Other
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: input
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: Ollama version
+      description: What version of Ollama are you using? (`ollama --version`)
+      placeholder: e.g., 0.1.32
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/10_model_request.yml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-name: Model request
-description: Request a new model for the library
-labels: [mr]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Please check if your Model request is [already available](https://ollama.com/search) or that you cannot [import it](https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/import.md#import-a-model) yourself.
-        Tell us about which Model you'd like to see in the library!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: problem
-    attributes:
-      label: What model would you like?
-      description: Please provide a link to the model.
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for filing a model request!

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/20_feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Request a new feature
+labels: feature request
+---
+

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/20_feature_request.yml

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature request
-description: Propose a new feature
-labels: [needs-triage, fr]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Please check if your feature request is [already filed](https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues).
-        Tell us about your idea!
-  - type: textarea
-    id: problem
-    attributes:
-      label: What are you trying to do?
-      description: Tell us about the problem you're trying to solve.
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: solution
-    attributes:
-      label: How should we solve this?
-      description: If you have an idea of how you'd like to see this feature work, let us know.
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: alternative
-    attributes:
-      label: What is the impact of not solving this?
-      description: (How) Are you currently working around the issue?
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: context
-    attributes:
-      label: Anything else?
-      description: Any additional context to share, e.g., links
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for filing a feature request!

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/30_model_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+name: Model request
+about: Request support for a new model to be added to Ollama
+labels: model request
+---

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/90_bug_report.yml

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug report
-description: File a bug report. If you need help, please join our Discord server.
-labels: [needs-triage, bug]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Please check if your bug is [already filed](https://github.com/ollama/ollama/issues) before filing a new one.
-  - type: textarea
-    id: what-happened
-    attributes:
-      label: What is the issue?
-      description: What happened? What did you expect to happen?
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: what-was-expected
-    attributes:
-      label: What did you expect to see?
-      description: What did you expect to see/happen instead?
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: steps
-    attributes:
-      label: Steps to reproduce
-      description: What are the steps you took that hit this issue?
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: changes
-    attributes:
-      label: Are there any recent changes that introduced the issue?
-      description: If so, what are those changes?
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: os
-    attributes:
-      label: OS
-      description: What OS are you using? You may select more than one.
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Linux
-        - macOS
-        - Windows
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: architecture
-    attributes:
-      label: Architecture
-      description: What architecture are you using? You may select more than one.
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - arm64
-        - amd64
-        - x86
-        - Other
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: platform
-    attributes:
-      label: Platform
-      description: What platform are you using? You may select more than one.
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Docker
-        - WSL
-        - WSL2
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: input
-    id: ollama-version
-    attributes:
-      label: Ollama version
-      description: What Ollama version are you using? (`ollama --version`)
-      placeholder: e.g., 1.14.4
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: gpu
-    attributes:
-      label: GPU
-      description: What GPU, if any, are you using? You may select more than one.
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Nvidia
-        - AMD
-        - Intel
-        - Apple
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: gpu-info
-    attributes:
-      label: GPU info
-      description: What GPU info do you have? (`nvidia-smi`, `rocminfo`, `system_profiler SPDisplaysDataType`, etc.)
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: cpu
-    attributes:
-      label: CPU
-      description: What CPU are you using? You may select more than one.
-      multiple: true
-      options:
-        - Intel
-        - AMD
-        - Apple
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: other-software
-    attributes:
-      label: Other software
-      description: What other software are you using that might be related to this issue?
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for filing a bug report!

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
           security set-key-partition-list -S apple-tool:,apple:,codesign: -s -k password build.keychain
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - name: Build Darwin
         env:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - run: go get ./...
       - run: |
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ jobs:
           path: |
             llm/build/**/bin/*
             llm/build/**/*.a
+            dist/windows-amd64/**
 
   # ROCm generation step
   generate-windows-rocm:
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install ROCm'
         run: |
@@ -173,7 +174,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: generate-windows-rocm
-          path: llm/build/**/bin/*
+          path: |
+            llm/build/**/bin/*
+            dist/windows-amd64/**
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: windows-rocm-deps
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install CUDA'
         run: |
@@ -253,7 +256,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: generate-windows-cuda
-          path: llm/build/**/bin/*
+          path: |
+            llm/build/**/bin/*
+            dist/windows-amd64/**
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: windows-cuda-deps
@@ -300,17 +305,21 @@ jobs:
           write-host "plugin installed"
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - run: go get
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: generate-windows-cpu
-          path: llm/build
+          path: |
+            llm/build
+            dist/windows-amd64
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: generate-windows-cuda
-          path: llm/build
+          path: |
+            llm/build
+            dist/windows-amd64
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: windows-cuda-deps
@@ -322,7 +331,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: generate-windows-rocm
-          path: llm/build
+          path: |
+            llm/build
+            dist/windows-amd64
       - run: dir llm/build
       - run: |
           $gopath=(get-command go).source | split-path -parent
@@ -337,7 +348,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: dist-windows
-          path: dist/*.exe
+          path: |
+            dist/OllamaSetup.exe
+            dist/ollama-windows-*.zip
 
   # Linux x86 assets built using the container based build
   build-linux-amd64:

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ on:
     paths:
       - '**/*'
       - '!docs/**'
-      - '!examples/**'
       - '!README.md'
 
 jobs:
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - run: go get ./...
       - run: |
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - run: go get ./...
       - run: |
@@ -104,7 +103,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: cuda-${{ matrix.cuda-version }}-libraries
-          path: llm/build/**/bin/*
+          path: |
+            llm/build/**/bin/*
+            dist/windows-amd64/**
   generate-rocm:
     needs: [changes]
     if: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.GENERATE_ROCM == 'True' }}
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - run: go get ./...
       - run: |
@@ -135,7 +136,9 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: rocm-${{ matrix.rocm-version }}-libraries
-          path: llm/build/**/bin/*
+          path: |
+            llm/build/**/bin/*
+            dist/windows-amd64/**
 
   # ROCm generation step
   generate-windows-rocm:
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install ROCm'
         run: |
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - name: 'Install CUDA'
         run: |
@@ -238,7 +241,7 @@ jobs:
           submodules: recursive
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: false
       - run: |
           case ${{ matrix.arch }} in
@@ -254,14 +257,9 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p llm/build/darwin/$ARCH/stub/bin
           touch llm/build/darwin/$ARCH/stub/bin/ollama_llama_server
         if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-') }}
-      - run: |
-          mkdir -p llm/build/windows/$ARCH/stub/bin
-          touch llm/build/windows/$ARCH/stub/bin/ollama_llama_server
-        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows-') }}
-        shell: bash
       - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v4
         with:
-          args: --timeout 8m0s
+          args: --timeout 8m0s -v
   test:
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -283,7 +281,7 @@ jobs:
           submodules: recursive
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: '1.22'
+          go-version-file: go.mod
           cache: true
       - run: go get
       - run: |
@@ -300,10 +298,6 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p llm/build/darwin/$ARCH/stub/bin
           touch llm/build/darwin/$ARCH/stub/bin/ollama_llama_server
         if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-') }}
-      - run: |
-          mkdir -p llm/build/windows/$ARCH/stub/bin
-          touch llm/build/windows/$ARCH/stub/bin/ollama_llama_server
-        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'windows-') }}
         shell: bash
       - run: go generate ./...
       - run: go build

Dockerfile

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ENV PATH /opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin:$PATH
 COPY --from=llm-code / /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/llm/generate
 ARG CGO_CFLAGS
-RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_CPU_GENERATE=1 sh gen_linux.sh
+RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE=1 OLLAMA_SKIP_CPU_GENERATE=1 sh gen_linux.sh
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvidia/cuda:$CUDA_VERSION-devel-rockylinux8 AS cuda-build-arm64
 ARG CMAKE_VERSION
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ ENV PATH /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-10/root/usr/bin:$PATH
 COPY --from=llm-code / /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/llm/generate
 ARG CGO_CFLAGS
-RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_CPU_GENERATE=1 sh gen_linux.sh
+RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE=1 OLLAMA_SKIP_CPU_GENERATE=1 sh gen_linux.sh
 
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 rocm/dev-centos-7:${ROCM_VERSION}-complete AS rocm-build-amd64
 ARG CMAKE_VERSION
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ COPY --from=llm-code / /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/llm/generate
 ARG CGO_CFLAGS
 ARG AMDGPU_TARGETS
-RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_CPU_GENERATE=1 sh gen_linux.sh
+RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE=1 OLLAMA_SKIP_CPU_GENERATE=1 sh gen_linux.sh
 RUN mkdir /tmp/scratch && \
-    for dep in $(cat /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/llm/llama.cpp/build/linux/x86_64/rocm*/lib/deps.txt) ; do \
+    for dep in $(zcat /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/llm/build/linux/x86_64/rocm*/bin/deps.txt.gz) ; do \
         cp ${dep} /tmp/scratch/ || exit 1 ; \
     done && \
     (cd /opt/rocm/lib && tar cf - rocblas/library) | (cd /tmp/scratch/ && tar xf - ) && \
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/llm/generate
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 cpu-builder-amd64 AS static-build-amd64
 RUN OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="static" sh gen_linux.sh
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 cpu-builder-amd64 AS cpu-build-amd64
-RUN OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu" sh gen_linux.sh
+RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE=1 OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu" sh gen_linux.sh
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 cpu-builder-amd64 AS cpu_avx-build-amd64
-RUN OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu_avx" sh gen_linux.sh
+RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE=1 OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu_avx" sh gen_linux.sh
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 cpu-builder-amd64 AS cpu_avx2-build-amd64
-RUN OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu_avx2" sh gen_linux.sh
+RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE=1 OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu_avx2" sh gen_linux.sh
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 centos:7 AS cpu-builder-arm64
 ARG CMAKE_VERSION
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/llm/generate
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 cpu-builder-arm64 AS static-build-arm64
 RUN OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="static" sh gen_linux.sh
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 cpu-builder-arm64 AS cpu-build-arm64
-RUN OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu" sh gen_linux.sh
+RUN OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE=1 OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="cpu" sh gen_linux.sh
 
 
 # Intermediate stage used for ./scripts/build_linux.sh

README.md

@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ The official [Ollama Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ollama/ollama) `olla
 
 ## Quickstart
 
-To run and chat with [Llama 2](https://ollama.com/library/llama2):
+To run and chat with [Llama 3](https://ollama.com/library/llama3):
 
 ```
-ollama run llama2
+ollama run llama3
 ```
 
 ## Model library
@@ -49,21 +49,18 @@ Here are some example models that can be downloaded:
 
 | Model              | Parameters | Size  | Download                       |
 | ------------------ | ---------- | ----- | ------------------------------ |
-| Llama 2            | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run llama2`            |
+| Llama 3            | 8B         | 4.7GB | `ollama run llama3`            |
+| Llama 3            | 70B        | 40GB  | `ollama run llama3:70b`        |
+| Phi-3              | 3,8B       | 2.3GB | `ollama run phi3`              |
 | Mistral            | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run mistral`           |
-| Dolphin Phi        | 2.7B       | 1.6GB | `ollama run dolphin-phi`       |
-| Phi-2              | 2.7B       | 1.7GB | `ollama run phi`               |
 | Neural Chat        | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run neural-chat`       |
 | Starling           | 7B         | 4.1GB | `ollama run starling-lm`       |
 | Code Llama         | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run codellama`         |
 | Llama 2 Uncensored | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run llama2-uncensored` |
-| Llama 2 13B        | 13B        | 7.3GB | `ollama run llama2:13b`        |
-| Llama 2 70B        | 70B        | 39GB  | `ollama run llama2:70b`        |
-| Orca Mini          | 3B         | 1.9GB | `ollama run orca-mini`         |
-| Vicuna             | 7B         | 3.8GB | `ollama run vicuna`            |
 | LLaVA              | 7B         | 4.5GB | `ollama run llava`             |
 | Gemma              | 2B         | 1.4GB | `ollama run gemma:2b`          |
 | Gemma              | 7B         | 4.8GB | `ollama run gemma:7b`          |
+| Solar              | 10.7B      | 6.1GB | `ollama run solar`             |
 
 > Note: You should have at least 8 GB of RAM available to run the 7B models, 16 GB to run the 13B models, and 32 GB to run the 33B models.
 
@@ -97,16 +94,16 @@ See the [guide](docs/import.md) on importing models for more information.
 
 ### Customize a prompt
 
-Models from the Ollama library can be customized with a prompt. For example, to customize the `llama2` model:
+Models from the Ollama library can be customized with a prompt. For example, to customize the `llama3` model:
 
 ```
-ollama pull llama2
+ollama pull llama3
 ```
 
 Create a `Modelfile`:
 
 ```
-FROM llama2
+FROM llama3
 
 # set the temperature to 1 [higher is more creative, lower is more coherent]
 PARAMETER temperature 1
@@ -141,7 +138,7 @@ ollama create mymodel -f ./Modelfile
 ### Pull a model
 
 ```
-ollama pull llama2
+ollama pull llama3
 ```
 
 > This command can also be used to update a local model. Only the diff will be pulled.
@@ -149,13 +146,13 @@ ollama pull llama2
 ### Remove a model
 
 ```
-ollama rm llama2
+ollama rm llama3
 ```
 
 ### Copy a model
 
 ```
-ollama cp llama2 my-llama2
+ollama cp llama3 my-model
 ```
 
 ### Multiline input
@@ -179,7 +176,7 @@ The image features a yellow smiley face, which is likely the central focus of th
 ### Pass in prompt as arguments
 
 ```
-$ ollama run llama2 "Summarize this file: $(cat README.md)"
+$ ollama run llama3 "Summarize this file: $(cat README.md)"
  Ollama is a lightweight, extensible framework for building and running language models on the local machine. It provides a simple API for creating, running, and managing models, as well as a library of pre-built models that can be easily used in a variety of applications.
 ```
 
@@ -226,7 +223,7 @@ Next, start the server:
 Finally, in a separate shell, run a model:
 
 ```
-./ollama run llama2
+./ollama run llama3
 ```
 
 ## REST API
@@ -237,7 +234,7 @@ Ollama has a REST API for running and managing models.
 
 ```
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
-  "model": "llama2",
+  "model": "llama3",
   "prompt":"Why is the sky blue?"
 }'
 ```
@@ -246,7 +243,7 @@ curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{
 
 ```
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/chat -d '{
-  "model": "mistral",
+  "model": "llama3",
   "messages": [
     { "role": "user", "content": "why is the sky blue?" }
   ]
@@ -259,16 +256,17 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 
 ### Web & Desktop
 
+- [Open WebUI](https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui)
+- [Enchanted (macOS native)](https://github.com/AugustDev/enchanted)
 - [Lollms-Webui](https://github.com/ParisNeo/lollms-webui)
 - [LibreChat](https://github.com/danny-avila/LibreChat)
 - [Bionic GPT](https://github.com/bionic-gpt/bionic-gpt)
-- [Enchanted (macOS native)](https://github.com/AugustDev/enchanted)
 - [HTML UI](https://github.com/rtcfirefly/ollama-ui)
 - [Saddle](https://github.com/jikkuatwork/saddle)
 - [Chatbot UI](https://github.com/ivanfioravanti/chatbot-ollama)
+- [Chatbot UI v2](https://github.com/mckaywrigley/chatbot-ui)
 - [Typescript UI](https://github.com/ollama-interface/Ollama-Gui?tab=readme-ov-file)
 - [Minimalistic React UI for Ollama Models](https://github.com/richawo/minimal-llm-ui)
-- [Open WebUI](https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui)
 - [Ollamac](https://github.com/kevinhermawan/Ollamac)
 - [big-AGI](https://github.com/enricoros/big-AGI/blob/main/docs/config-local-ollama.md)
 - [Cheshire Cat assistant framework](https://github.com/cheshire-cat-ai/core)
@@ -290,9 +288,13 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [AnythingLLM (Docker + MacOs/Windows/Linux native app)](https://github.com/Mintplex-Labs/anything-llm)
 - [Ollama Basic Chat: Uses HyperDiv Reactive UI](https://github.com/rapidarchitect/ollama_basic_chat)
 - [Ollama-chats RPG](https://github.com/drazdra/ollama-chats)
+- [QA-Pilot: Chat with Code Repository](https://github.com/reid41/QA-Pilot)
 - [ChatOllama: Open Source Chatbot based on Ollama with Knowledge Bases](https://github.com/sugarforever/chat-ollama)
 - [CRAG Ollama Chat: Simple Web Search with Corrective RAG](https://github.com/Nagi-ovo/CRAG-Ollama-Chat)
 - [RAGFlow: Open-source Retrieval-Augmented Generation engine based on deep document understanding](https://github.com/infiniflow/ragflow)
+- [chat: chat web app for teams](https://github.com/swuecho/chat)
+- [Lobe Chat](https://github.com/lobehub/lobe-chat) with [Integrating Doc](https://lobehub.com/docs/self-hosting/examples/ollama)
+- [Ollama RAG Chatbot: Local Chat with multiples PDFs using Ollama and RAG.](https://github.com/datvodinh/rag-chatbot.git)
 
 ### Terminal
 
@@ -308,15 +310,17 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Oatmeal](https://github.com/dustinblackman/oatmeal)
 - [cmdh](https://github.com/pgibler/cmdh)
 - [ooo](https://github.com/npahlfer/ooo)
+- [shell-pilot](https://github.com/reid41/shell-pilot)
 - [tenere](https://github.com/pythops/tenere)
 - [llm-ollama](https://github.com/taketwo/llm-ollama) for [Datasette's LLM CLI](https://llm.datasette.io/en/stable/).
 - [typechat-cli](https://github.com/anaisbetts/typechat-cli)
 - [ShellOracle](https://github.com/djcopley/ShellOracle)
 - [tlm](https://github.com/yusufcanb/tlm)
+- [podman-ollama](https://github.com/ericcurtin/podman-ollama)
 
 ### Database
 
-- [MindsDB](https://github.com/mindsdb/mindsdb/blob/staging/mindsdb/integrations/handlers/ollama_handler/README.md)
+- [MindsDB](https://github.com/mindsdb/mindsdb/blob/staging/mindsdb/integrations/handlers/ollama_handler/README.md) (Connects Ollama models with nearly 200 data platforms and apps)
 - [chromem-go](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go/blob/v0.5.0/embed_ollama.go) with [example](https://github.com/philippgille/chromem-go/tree/v0.5.0/examples/rag-wikipedia-ollama)
 
 ### Package managers
@@ -377,3 +381,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Page Assist](https://github.com/n4ze3m/page-assist) (Chrome Extension)
 - [AI Telegram Bot](https://github.com/tusharhero/aitelegrambot) (Telegram bot using Ollama in backend)
 - [AI ST Completion](https://github.com/yaroslavyaroslav/OpenAI-sublime-text) (Sublime Text 4 AI assistant plugin with Ollama support)
+- [Discord-Ollama Chat Bot](https://github.com/kevinthedang/discord-ollama) (Generalized TypeScript Discord Bot w/ Tuning Documentation)
+
+### Supported backends 
+- [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp) project founded by Georgi Gerganov. 

api/client.go

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+// Package api implements the client-side API for code wishing to interact
+// with the ollama service. The methods of the [Client] type correspond to
+// the ollama REST API as described in https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/api.md
+//
+// The ollama command-line client itself uses this package to interact with
+// the backend service.
 package api
 
 import (
@@ -5,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
@@ -19,6 +24,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
 )
 
+// Client encapsulates client state for interacting with the ollama
+// service. Use [ClientFromEnvironment] to create new Clients.
 type Client struct {
 	base *url.URL
 	http *http.Client
@@ -40,6 +47,15 @@ func checkError(resp *http.Response, body []byte) error {
 	return apiError
 }
 
+// ClientFromEnvironment creates a new [Client] using configuration from the
+// environment variable OLLAMA_HOST, which points to the network host and
+// port on which the ollama service is listenting. The format of this variable
+// is:
+//
+//	<scheme>://<host>:<port>
+//
+// If the variable is not specified, a default ollama host and port will be
+// used.
 func ClientFromEnvironment() (*Client, error) {
 	defaultPort := "11434"
 
@@ -75,6 +91,13 @@ func ClientFromEnvironment() (*Client, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func NewClient(base *url.URL, http *http.Client) *Client {
+	return &Client{
+		base: base,
+		http: http,
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method, path string, reqData, respData any) error {
 	var reqBody io.Reader
 	var data []byte
@@ -191,8 +214,14 @@ func (c *Client) stream(ctx context.Context, method, path string, data any, fn f
 	return nil
 }
 
+// GenerateResponseFunc is a function that [Client.Generate] invokes every time
+// a response is received from the service. If this function returns an error,
+// [Client.Generate] will stop generating and return this error.
 type GenerateResponseFunc func(GenerateResponse) error
 
+// Generate generates a response for a given prompt. The req parameter should
+// be populated with prompt details. fn is called for each response (there may
+// be multiple responses, e.g. in case streaming is enabled).
 func (c *Client) Generate(ctx context.Context, req *GenerateRequest, fn GenerateResponseFunc) error {
 	return c.stream(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/generate", req, func(bts []byte) error {
 		var resp GenerateResponse
@@ -204,8 +233,15 @@ func (c *Client) Generate(ctx context.Context, req *GenerateRequest, fn Generate
 	})
 }
 
+// ChatResponseFunc is a function that [Client.Chat] invokes every time
+// a response is received from the service. If this function returns an error,
+// [Client.Chat] will stop generating and return this error.
 type ChatResponseFunc func(ChatResponse) error
 
+// Chat generates the next message in a chat. [ChatRequest] may contain a
+// sequence of messages which can be used to maintain chat history with a model.
+// fn is called for each response (there may be multiple responses, e.g. if case
+// streaming is enabled).
 func (c *Client) Chat(ctx context.Context, req *ChatRequest, fn ChatResponseFunc) error {
 	return c.stream(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", req, func(bts []byte) error {
 		var resp ChatResponse
@@ -217,8 +253,14 @@ func (c *Client) Chat(ctx context.Context, req *ChatRequest, fn ChatResponseFunc
 	})
 }
 
+// PullProgressFunc is a function that [Client.Pull] invokes every time there
+// is progress with a "pull" request sent to the service. If this function
+// returns an error, [Client.Pull] will stop the process and return this error.
 type PullProgressFunc func(ProgressResponse) error
 
+// Pull downloads a model from the ollama library. fn is called each time
+// progress is made on the request and can be used to display a progress bar,
+// etc.
 func (c *Client) Pull(ctx context.Context, req *PullRequest, fn PullProgressFunc) error {
 	return c.stream(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/pull", req, func(bts []byte) error {
 		var resp ProgressResponse
@@ -301,18 +343,7 @@ func (c *Client) Embeddings(ctx context.Context, req *EmbeddingRequest) (*Embedd
 }
 
 func (c *Client) CreateBlob(ctx context.Context, digest string, r io.Reader) error {
-	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodHead, fmt.Sprintf("/api/blobs/%s", digest), nil, nil); err != nil {
-		var statusError StatusError
-		if !errors.As(err, &statusError) || statusError.StatusCode != http.StatusNotFound {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, fmt.Sprintf("/api/blobs/%s", digest), r, nil); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, fmt.Sprintf("/api/blobs/%s", digest), r, nil)
 }
 
 func (c *Client) Version(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {

api/types.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"os"
@@ -33,18 +34,46 @@ func (e StatusError) Error() string {
 
 type ImageData []byte
 
+// GenerateRequest describes a request sent by [Client.Generate]. While you
+// have to specify the Model and Prompt fields, all the other fields have
+// reasonable defaults for basic uses.
 type GenerateRequest struct {
-	Model     string      `json:"model"`
-	Prompt    string      `json:"prompt"`
-	System    string      `json:"system"`
-	Template  string      `json:"template"`
-	Context   []int       `json:"context,omitempty"`
-	Stream    *bool       `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	Raw       bool        `json:"raw,omitempty"`
-	Format    string      `json:"format"`
-	KeepAlive *Duration   `json:"keep_alive,omitempty"`
-	Images    []ImageData `json:"images,omitempty"`
+	// Model is the model name; it should be a name familiar to Ollama from
+	// the library at https://ollama.com/library
+	Model string `json:"model"`
 
+	// Prompt is the textual prompt to send to the model.
+	Prompt string `json:"prompt"`
+
+	// System overrides the model's default system message/prompt.
+	System string `json:"system"`
+
+	// Template overrides the model's default prompt template.
+	Template string `json:"template"`
+
+	// Context is the context parameter returned from a previous call to
+	// Generate call. It can be used to keep a short conversational memory.
+	Context []int `json:"context,omitempty"`
+
+	// Stream specifies whether the response is streaming; it is true by default.
+	Stream *bool `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+
+	// Raw set to true means that no formatting will be applied to the prompt.
+	Raw bool `json:"raw,omitempty"`
+
+	// Format specifies the format to return a response in.
+	Format string `json:"format"`
+
+	// KeepAlive controls how long the model will stay loaded in memory following
+	// this request.
+	KeepAlive *Duration `json:"keep_alive,omitempty"`
+
+	// Images is an optional list of base64-encoded images accompanying this
+	// request, for multimodal models.
+	Images []ImageData `json:"images,omitempty"`
+
+	// Options lists model-specific options. For example, temperature can be
+	// set through this field, if the model supports it.
 	Options map[string]interface{} `json:"options"`
 }
 
@@ -109,19 +138,24 @@ type Options struct {
 
 // Runner options which must be set when the model is loaded into memory
 type Runner struct {
-	UseNUMA            bool    `json:"numa,omitempty"`
-	NumCtx             int     `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
-	NumBatch           int     `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
-	NumGQA             int     `json:"num_gqa,omitempty"`
-	NumGPU             int     `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
-	MainGPU            int     `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
-	LowVRAM            bool    `json:"low_vram,omitempty"`
-	F16KV              bool    `json:"f16_kv,omitempty"`
-	LogitsAll          bool    `json:"logits_all,omitempty"`
-	VocabOnly          bool    `json:"vocab_only,omitempty"`
-	UseMMap            bool    `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
-	UseMLock           bool    `json:"use_mlock,omitempty"`
-	NumThread          int     `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
+	UseNUMA   bool `json:"numa,omitempty"`
+	NumCtx    int  `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
+	NumBatch  int  `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
+	NumGQA    int  `json:"num_gqa,omitempty"`
+	NumGPU    int  `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
+	MainGPU   int  `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
+	LowVRAM   bool `json:"low_vram,omitempty"`
+	F16KV     bool `json:"f16_kv,omitempty"`
+	LogitsAll bool `json:"logits_all,omitempty"`
+	VocabOnly bool `json:"vocab_only,omitempty"`
+	UseMMap   bool `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
+	UseMLock  bool `json:"use_mlock,omitempty"`
+	NumThread int  `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
+
+	// Unused: RopeFrequencyBase is ignored. Instead the value in the model will be used
+	RopeFrequencyBase float32 `json:"rope_frequency_base,omitempty"`
+	// Unused: RopeFrequencyScale is ignored. Instead the value in the model will be used
+	RopeFrequencyScale float32 `json:"rope_frequency_scale,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type EmbeddingRequest struct {
@@ -137,10 +171,11 @@ type EmbeddingResponse struct {
 }
 
 type CreateRequest struct {
-	Model     string `json:"model"`
-	Path      string `json:"path"`
-	Modelfile string `json:"modelfile"`
-	Stream    *bool  `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Model        string `json:"model"`
+	Path         string `json:"path"`
+	Modelfile    string `json:"modelfile"`
+	Stream       *bool  `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Quantization string `json:"quantization,omitempty"`
 
 	// Name is deprecated, see Model
 	Name string `json:"name"`
@@ -273,7 +308,7 @@ func (m *Metrics) Summary() {
 	}
 }
 
-var ErrInvalidOpts = fmt.Errorf("invalid options")
+var ErrInvalidOpts = errors.New("invalid options")
 
 func (opts *Options) FromMap(m map[string]interface{}) error {
 	valueOpts := reflect.ValueOf(opts).Elem() // names of the fields in the options struct
@@ -380,16 +415,16 @@ func DefaultOptions() Options {
 
 		Runner: Runner{
 			// options set when the model is loaded
-			NumCtx:             2048,
-			NumBatch:           512,
-			NumGPU:             -1, // -1 here indicates that NumGPU should be set dynamically
-			NumGQA:             1,
-			NumThread:          0, // let the runtime decide
-			LowVRAM:            false,
-			F16KV:              true,
-			UseMLock:           false,
-			UseMMap:            true,
-			UseNUMA:            false,
+			NumCtx:    2048,
+			NumBatch:  512,
+			NumGPU:    -1, // -1 here indicates that NumGPU should be set dynamically
+			NumGQA:    1,
+			NumThread: 0, // let the runtime decide
+			LowVRAM:   false,
+			F16KV:     true,
+			UseMLock:  false,
+			UseMMap:   true,
+			UseNUMA:   false,
 		},
 	}
 }

app/lifecycle/server.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
@@ -87,19 +86,29 @@ func SpawnServer(ctx context.Context, command string) (chan int, error) {
 	// Re-wire context done behavior to attempt a graceful shutdown of the server
 	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
 		if cmd.Process != nil {
-			cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt) //nolint:errcheck
+			err := terminate(cmd)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("error trying to gracefully terminate server", "err", err)
+				return cmd.Process.Kill()
+			}
+
 			tick := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Millisecond)
 			defer tick.Stop()
+
 			for {
 				select {
 				case <-tick.C:
-					// OS agnostic "is it still running"
-					if proc, err := os.FindProcess(int(cmd.Process.Pid)); err != nil || errors.Is(proc.Signal(syscall.Signal(0)), os.ErrProcessDone) {
-						return nil //nolint:nilerr
+					exited, err := isProcessExited(cmd.Process.Pid)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					if exited {
+						return nil
 					}
 				case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
 					slog.Warn("graceful server shutdown timeout, killing", "pid", cmd.Process.Pid)
-					cmd.Process.Kill() //nolint:errcheck
+					return cmd.Process.Kill()
 				}
 			}
 		}

app/lifecycle/server_unix.go

@@ -4,9 +4,35 @@ package lifecycle
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
 )
 
 func getCmd(ctx context.Context, cmd string) *exec.Cmd {
 	return exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmd, "serve")
 }
+
+func terminate(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	return cmd.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt)
+}
+
+func isProcessExited(pid int) (bool, error) {
+	proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to find process: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = proc.Signal(syscall.Signal(0))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrProcessDone) || errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("error signaling process: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
+}

app/lifecycle/server_windows.go

@@ -2,12 +2,88 @@ package lifecycle
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"os/exec"
 	"syscall"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
 func getCmd(ctx context.Context, exePath string) *exec.Cmd {
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, exePath, "serve")
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{HideWindow: true, CreationFlags: 0x08000000}
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		HideWindow:    true,
+		CreationFlags: windows.CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,
+	}
+
 	return cmd
 }
+
+func terminate(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	dll, err := windows.LoadDLL("kernel32.dll")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer dll.Release() // nolint: errcheck
+
+	pid := cmd.Process.Pid
+
+	f, err := dll.FindProc("AttachConsole")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r1, _, err := f.Call(uintptr(pid))
+	if r1 == 0 && err != syscall.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	f, err = dll.FindProc("SetConsoleCtrlHandler")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r1, _, err = f.Call(0, 1)
+	if r1 == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	f, err = dll.FindProc("GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r1, _, err = f.Call(windows.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT, uintptr(pid))
+	if r1 == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	r1, _, err = f.Call(windows.CTRL_C_EVENT, uintptr(pid))
+	if r1 == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+const STILL_ACTIVE = 259
+
+func isProcessExited(pid int) (bool, error) {
+	hProcess, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, false, uint32(pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to open process: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer windows.CloseHandle(hProcess) // nolint: errcheck
+
+	var exitCode uint32
+	err = windows.GetExitCodeProcess(hProcess, &exitCode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get exit code: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if exitCode == STILL_ACTIVE {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}

app/ollama.iss

@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@ DialogFontSize=12
 [Files]
 Source: ".\app.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; DestName: "{#MyAppExeName}" ; Flags: ignoreversion 64bit
 Source: "..\ollama.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion 64bit
-Source: "..\dist\windeps\*.dll"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion 64bit
+Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\*.dll"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion 64bit
+Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\ollama_runners\*"; DestDir: "{app}\ollama_runners"; Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
 Source: "..\dist\ollama_welcome.ps1"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion
 Source: ".\assets\app.ico"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion
 ; Assumes v5.7, may need adjustments for v6

app/tray/tray.go

@@ -24,10 +24,5 @@ func NewTray() (commontray.OllamaTray, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load icon %s: %w", iconName, err)
 	}
 
-	tray, err := InitPlatformTray(icon, updateIcon)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return tray, nil
+	return InitPlatformTray(icon, updateIcon)
 }

cmd/cmd.go

@@ -105,24 +105,48 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 				zf := zip.NewWriter(tf)
 
-				files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(path, "model-*.safetensors"))
+				files := []string{}
+
+				tfiles, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(path, "pytorch_model-*.bin"))
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
+				} else if len(tfiles) == 0 {
+					tfiles, err = filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(path, "model-*.safetensors"))
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
 				}
 
+				files = append(files, tfiles...)
+
 				if len(files) == 0 {
-					return fmt.Errorf("no safetensors files were found in '%s'", path)
+					return fmt.Errorf("no models were found in '%s'", path)
 				}
 
-				// add the safetensor config file + tokenizer
+				// add the safetensor/torch config file + tokenizer
 				files = append(files, filepath.Join(path, "config.json"))
+				files = append(files, filepath.Join(path, "params.json"))
 				files = append(files, filepath.Join(path, "added_tokens.json"))
 				files = append(files, filepath.Join(path, "tokenizer.model"))
 
 				for _, fn := range files {
 					f, err := os.Open(fn)
-					if os.IsNotExist(err) && strings.HasSuffix(fn, "added_tokens.json") {
-						continue
+
+					// just skip whatever files aren't there
+					if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+						if strings.HasSuffix(fn, "tokenizer.model") {
+							// try the parent dir before giving up
+							parentDir := filepath.Dir(path)
+							newFn := filepath.Join(parentDir, "tokenizer.model")
+							f, err = os.Open(newFn)
+							if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+								continue
+							} else if err != nil {
+								return err
+							}
+						} else {
+							continue
+						}
 					} else if err != nil {
 						return err
 					}
@@ -194,7 +218,9 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	request := api.CreateRequest{Name: args[0], Modelfile: string(modelfile)}
+	quantization, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("quantization")
+
+	request := api.CreateRequest{Name: args[0], Modelfile: string(modelfile), Quantization: quantization}
 	if err := client.Create(cmd.Context(), &request, fn); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -226,14 +252,6 @@ func createBlob(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, path string) (string, er
 }
 
 func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
-	if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MODELS") != "" {
-		return errors.New("OLLAMA_MODELS must only be set for 'ollama serve'")
-	}
-
-	if err := checkServerHeartbeat(cmd, args); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -943,6 +961,7 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 	}
 
 	createCmd.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "Modelfile", "Name of the Modelfile (default \"Modelfile\")")
+	createCmd.Flags().StringP("quantization", "q", "", "Quantization level.")
 
 	showCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "show MODEL",
@@ -959,10 +978,11 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 	showCmd.Flags().Bool("system", false, "Show system message of a model")
 
 	runCmd := &cobra.Command{
-		Use:   "run MODEL [PROMPT]",
-		Short: "Run a model",
-		Args:  cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
-		RunE:  RunHandler,
+		Use:     "run MODEL [PROMPT]",
+		Short:   "Run a model",
+		Args:    cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
+		RunE:    RunHandler,
 	}
 
 	runCmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "Show timings for response")

convert/convert.go

@@ -1,21 +1,16 @@
 package convert
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"cmp"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"regexp"
 	"slices"
+	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/d4l3k/go-bfloat16"
-	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
-	"github.com/x448/float16"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/convert/sentencepiece"
@@ -23,19 +18,23 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Params struct {
-	Architectures    []string `json:"architectures"`
-	VocabSize        int      `json:"vocab_size"`
-	HiddenSize       int      `json:"hidden_size"`       // n_embd
-	HiddenLayers     int      `json:"num_hidden_layers"` // n_layer
-	ContextSize      int      `json:"max_position_embeddings"`
-	IntermediateSize int      `json:"intermediate_size"`
-	AttentionHeads   int      `json:"num_attention_heads"` // n_head
-	KeyValHeads      int      `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
-	NormEPS          float64  `json:"rms_norm_eps"`
-	BoSTokenID       int      `json:"bos_token_id"`
-	EoSTokenID       int      `json:"eos_token_id"`
-	HeadDimension    int      `json:"head_dim"`
-	PaddingTokenID   int      `json:"pad_token_id"`
+	Architectures     []string `json:"architectures"`
+	VocabSize         int      `json:"vocab_size"`
+	HiddenSize        int      `json:"hidden_size"`       // n_embd
+	HiddenLayers      int      `json:"num_hidden_layers"` // n_layer
+	ContextSize       int      `json:"max_position_embeddings"`
+	IntermediateSize  int      `json:"intermediate_size"`
+	AttentionHeads    int      `json:"num_attention_heads"` // n_head
+	KeyValHeads       int      `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
+	NormEPS           float64  `json:"rms_norm_eps"`
+	BoSTokenID        int      `json:"bos_token_id"`
+	EoSTokenID        int      `json:"eos_token_id"`
+	HeadDimension     int      `json:"head_dim"`
+	PaddingTokenID    int      `json:"pad_token_id"`
+	RopeFrequencyBase float64  `json:"rope_theta"`
+
+	Experts     int `json:"num_local_experts"`
+	ExpertsUsed int `json:"num_experts_per_tok"`
 
 	ByteOrder
 }
@@ -45,157 +44,45 @@ type ByteOrder interface {
 	binary.AppendByteOrder
 }
 
-type MetaData struct {
-	Type    string `mapstructure:"dtype"`
-	Shape   []int  `mapstructure:"shape"`
-	Offsets []int  `mapstructure:"data_offsets"`
-}
-
 type ModelArch interface {
 	GetTensors() error
 	LoadVocab() error
 	WriteGGUF() (string, error)
 }
 
+type ModelFormat interface {
+	GetLayerName(string) (string, error)
+	GetTensors(string, *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, error)
+	GetParams(string) (*Params, error)
+	GetModelArch(string, string, *Params) (ModelArch, error)
+}
+
 type ModelData struct {
 	Path    string
 	Name    string
 	Params  *Params
 	Vocab   *Vocab
 	Tensors []llm.Tensor
+	Format  ModelFormat
 }
 
-func ReadSafeTensors(fn string, offset uint64, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, uint64, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(fn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	var jsonSize uint64
-	if err := binary.Read(f, binary.LittleEndian, &jsonSize); err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	buf := make([]byte, jsonSize)
-	_, err = io.ReadFull(f, buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	d := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBuffer(buf))
-	d.UseNumber()
-	var parsed map[string]interface{}
-	if err = d.Decode(&parsed); err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, err
-	}
-
-	var keys []string
-	for k := range parsed {
-		keys = append(keys, k)
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(keys)
-
-	slog.Info("converting layers")
-
-	var tensors []llm.Tensor
-	for _, k := range keys {
-		vals := parsed[k].(map[string]interface{})
-		var data MetaData
-		if err = mapstructure.Decode(vals, &data); err != nil {
-			return nil, 0, err
-		}
-
-		var size uint64
-		var kind uint32
-		switch len(data.Shape) {
-		case 0:
-			// metadata
-			continue
-		case 1:
-			// convert to float32
-			kind = 0
-			size = uint64(data.Shape[0] * 4)
-		case 2:
-			// convert to float16
-			kind = 1
-			size = uint64(data.Shape[0] * data.Shape[1] * 2)
-		}
-
-		ggufName, err := GetTensorName(k)
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Error("%v", err)
-			return nil, 0, err
-		}
-
-		shape := []uint64{0, 0, 0, 0}
-		for i := range data.Shape {
-			shape[i] = uint64(data.Shape[i])
-		}
-
-		t := llm.Tensor{
-			Name:   ggufName,
-			Kind:   kind,
-			Offset: offset,
-			Shape:  shape[:],
-		}
-
-		t.WriterTo = safetensorWriterTo{
-			t:        &t,
-			params:   params,
-			bo:       params.ByteOrder,
-			filename: fn,
-			start:    uint64(data.Offsets[0]),
-			end:      uint64(data.Offsets[1]),
-			padding:  8 + jsonSize,
-		}
-
-		slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("%v", t))
-		tensors = append(tensors, t)
-		offset += size
-	}
-	return tensors, offset, nil
-}
-
-func GetSafeTensors(dirpath string, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, error) {
-	var tensors []llm.Tensor
-	files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirpath, "/model-*.safetensors"))
+func GetModelFormat(dirname string) (ModelFormat, error) {
+	files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirname, "*"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var offset uint64
-	for _, f := range files {
-		var t []llm.Tensor
-		var err error
-		t, offset, err = ReadSafeTensors(f, offset, params)
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Error("%v", err)
-			return nil, err
+	for _, fn := range files {
+		slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("file = %s", fn))
+		if strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".safetensors") {
+			return &SafetensorFormat{}, nil
+		} else if strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".bin") {
+			slog.Debug("model is torch")
+			return &TorchFormat{}, nil
 		}
-		tensors = append(tensors, t...)
-	}
-	return tensors, nil
-}
-
-func GetParams(dirpath string) (*Params, error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dirpath, "config.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	var params Params
-
-	d := json.NewDecoder(f)
-	err = d.Decode(&params)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	params.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
-	return &params, nil
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't determine model format")
 }
 
 // Details on gguf's tokenizer can be found at:
@@ -206,7 +93,7 @@ type Vocab struct {
 	Types  []int32
 }
 
-func LoadSentencePieceTokens(dirpath string, vocabSize int) (*Vocab, error) {
+func LoadSentencePieceTokens(dirpath string, params *Params) (*Vocab, error) {
 	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("reading vocab from %s", filepath.Join(dirpath, "tokenizer.model")))
 	in, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dirpath, "tokenizer.model"))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -286,8 +173,8 @@ func LoadSentencePieceTokens(dirpath string, vocabSize int) (*Vocab, error) {
 	}
 	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("vocab size w/ extra tokens: %d", len(v.Tokens)))
 
-	if vocabSize > len(v.Tokens) {
-		missingTokens := vocabSize - len(v.Tokens)
+	if params.VocabSize > len(v.Tokens) {
+		missingTokens := params.VocabSize - len(v.Tokens)
 		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("vocab is missing %d tokens", missingTokens))
 		for cnt := 0; cnt < missingTokens; cnt++ {
 			v.Tokens = append(v.Tokens, fmt.Sprintf("<dummy%05d>", cnt+1))
@@ -298,136 +185,3 @@ func LoadSentencePieceTokens(dirpath string, vocabSize int) (*Vocab, error) {
 
 	return v, nil
 }
-
-func GetTensorName(n string) (string, error) {
-	tMap := map[string]string{
-		"model.embed_tokens.weight":                           "token_embd.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).input_layernorm.weight":          "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.down_proj.weight":            "blk.$1.ffn_down.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.gate_proj.weight":            "blk.$1.ffn_gate.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.up_proj.weight":              "blk.$1.ffn_up.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).post_attention_layernorm.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_norm.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.k_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_k.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.o_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_output.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.q_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_q.weight",
-		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.v_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_v.weight",
-		"lm_head.weight":    "output.weight",
-		"model.norm.weight": "output_norm.weight",
-	}
-
-	v, ok := tMap[n]
-	if ok {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-
-	// quick hack to rename the layers to gguf format
-	for k, v := range tMap {
-		re := regexp.MustCompile(k)
-		newName := re.ReplaceAllString(n, v)
-		if newName != n {
-			return newName, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("couldn't find a layer name for '%s'", n)
-}
-
-type safetensorWriterTo struct {
-	t *llm.Tensor
-
-	params *Params
-	bo     ByteOrder
-
-	filename string
-
-	start, end, padding uint64
-	handler             func(w io.Writer, r safetensorWriterTo, f *os.File) error
-}
-
-func (r safetensorWriterTo) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	f, err := os.Open(r.filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	if _, err = f.Seek(int64(r.padding+r.start), 0); err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
-	// use the handler if one is present
-	if r.handler != nil {
-		return 0, r.handler(w, r, f)
-	}
-
-	remaining := r.end - r.start
-
-	bufSize := uint64(10240)
-	var finished bool
-	for {
-		data := make([]byte, min(bufSize, remaining))
-
-		b, err := io.ReadFull(f, data)
-		remaining -= uint64(b)
-
-		if err == io.EOF || remaining <= 0 {
-			finished = true
-		} else if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-
-		// convert bfloat16 -> ieee float32
-		tDataF32 := bfloat16.DecodeFloat32(data)
-
-		switch r.t.Kind {
-		case 0:
-			if err := binary.Write(w, r.bo, tDataF32); err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-		case 1:
-			// convert float32 -> float16
-			tempBuf := make([]uint16, len(data)/2)
-			for cnt, v := range tDataF32 {
-				tDataF16 := float16.Fromfloat32(v)
-				tempBuf[cnt] = uint16(tDataF16)
-			}
-			if err := binary.Write(w, binary.LittleEndian, tempBuf); err != nil {
-				return 0, err
-			}
-		}
-		if finished {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return 0, nil
-}
-
-func GetModelArchFromParams(name, dirPath string, params *Params) (ModelArch, error) {
-	switch len(params.Architectures) {
-	case 0:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No architecture specified to convert")
-	case 1:
-		switch params.Architectures[0] {
-		case "MistralForCausalLM":
-			return &MistralModel{
-				ModelData{
-					Name:   name,
-					Path:   dirPath,
-					Params: params,
-				},
-			}, nil
-		case "GemmaForCausalLM":
-			return &GemmaModel{
-				ModelData{
-					Name:   name,
-					Path:   dirPath,
-					Params: params,
-				},
-			}, nil
-		default:
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Models based on '%s' are not yet supported", params.Architectures[0])
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown error")
-}

convert/gemma.go

@@ -65,13 +65,14 @@ func addOnes(data []float32, vectorSize int) ([]float32, error) {
 }
 
 func (m *GemmaModel) GetTensors() error {
-	t, err := GetSafeTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
+	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	m.Tensors = []llm.Tensor{}
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("Total tensors: %d", len(t)))
 
+	m.Tensors = []llm.Tensor{}
 	for _, l := range t {
 		if strings.HasSuffix(l.Name, "norm.weight") {
 			wt := l.WriterTo.(safetensorWriterTo)
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ func (m *GemmaModel) GetTensors() error {
 }
 
 func (m *GemmaModel) LoadVocab() error {
-	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params.VocabSize)
+	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

convert/llama.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/pytorch"
+	"github.com/pdevine/tensor"
+	"github.com/pdevine/tensor/native"
+	"github.com/x448/float16"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type LlamaModel struct {
+	ModelData
+}
+
+func llamaLayerHandler(w io.Writer, r torchWriterTo) error {
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("repacking layer '%s'", r.t.Name))
+
+	data := r.storage.(*pytorch.HalfStorage).Data
+	tData := make([]uint16, len(data))
+	for cnt, v := range data {
+		tData[cnt] = uint16(float16.Fromfloat32(v))
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	var heads uint32
+	if strings.Contains(r.t.Name, "attn_q") {
+		heads = uint32(r.params.AttentionHeads)
+	} else if strings.Contains(r.t.Name, "attn_k") {
+		heads = uint32(r.params.KeyValHeads)
+		if heads == 0 {
+			heads = uint32(r.params.AttentionHeads)
+		}
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown layer type")
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("heads = %d", heads))
+
+	tData, err = llamaRepack(tData, int(heads), r.t.Shape)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = binary.Write(w, r.bo, tData); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func llamaRepack(data []uint16, heads int, shape []uint64) ([]uint16, error) {
+	n := tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(int(shape[0]), int(shape[1])), tensor.WithBacking(data))
+	origShape := n.Shape().Clone()
+
+	// reshape the tensor and swap axes 1 and 2 to unpack the layer for gguf
+	if err := n.Reshape(heads, 2, origShape[0]/heads/2, origShape[1]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := n.T(0, 2, 1, 3); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := n.Reshape(origShape...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := n.Transpose(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	newN, err := native.SelectU16(n, 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var fullTensor []uint16
+	for _, v := range newN {
+		fullTensor = append(fullTensor, v...)
+	}
+	return fullTensor, nil
+}
+
+func (m *LlamaModel) GetTensors() error {
+	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.Tensors = []llm.Tensor{}
+
+	pattern := `^blk\.[0-9]+\.attn_(?P<layer>q|k)\.weight$`
+	re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, l := range t {
+		matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(l.Name, -1)
+		if len(matches) > 0 {
+			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("setting handler for: %s", l.Name))
+			wt := l.WriterTo.(torchWriterTo)
+			wt.handler = llamaLayerHandler
+			l.WriterTo = wt
+		}
+		m.Tensors = append(m.Tensors, l)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *LlamaModel) LoadVocab() error {
+	var v *Vocab
+	var err error
+
+	slog.Debug("loading vocab")
+	v, err = LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug("vocab loaded")
+
+	m.Vocab = v
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *LlamaModel) WriteGGUF() (string, error) {
+	kv := llm.KV{
+		"general.architecture":                   "llama",
+		"general.name":                           m.Name,
+		"llama.vocab_size":                       uint32(len(m.Vocab.Tokens)),
+		"llama.context_length":                   uint32(m.Params.ContextSize),
+		"llama.embedding_length":                 uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize),
+		"llama.block_count":                      uint32(m.Params.HiddenLayers),
+		"llama.feed_forward_length":              uint32(m.Params.IntermediateSize),
+		"llama.rope.dimension_count":             uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize / m.Params.AttentionHeads),
+		"llama.attention.head_count":             uint32(m.Params.AttentionHeads),
+		"llama.attention.head_count_kv":          uint32(m.Params.KeyValHeads),
+		"llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": float32(m.Params.NormEPS),
+		"general.file_type":                      uint32(1),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.model":                   "llama",
+
+		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":     m.Vocab.Tokens,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":     m.Vocab.Scores,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type": m.Vocab.Types,
+
+		"tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.BoSTokenID),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.EoSTokenID),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": uint32(0),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token":    true,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token":    false,
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ollama-gguf")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	mod := llm.NewGGUFV3(m.Params.ByteOrder)
+	if err := mod.Encode(f, kv, m.Tensors); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("gguf file = %s", f.Name()))
+
+	return f.Name(), nil
+}

convert/mistral.go

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func repack(data []uint16, heads int, shape []uint64) ([]uint16, error) {
 }
 
 func (m *MistralModel) GetTensors() error {
-	t, err := GetSafeTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
+	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (m *MistralModel) GetTensors() error {
 }
 
 func (m *MistralModel) LoadVocab() error {
-	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params.VocabSize)
+	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

convert/mixtral.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type MixtralModel struct {
+	ModelData
+}
+
+func (m *MixtralModel) GetTensors() error {
+	t, err := m.Format.GetTensors(m.Path, m.Params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.Tensors = []llm.Tensor{}
+
+	pattern := `^blk\.[0-9]+\.attn_(?P<layer>q|k)\.weight$`
+	re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, l := range t {
+		matches := re.FindAllStringSubmatch(l.Name, -1)
+		if len(matches) > 0 {
+			wt := l.WriterTo.(safetensorWriterTo)
+			wt.handler = mistralLayerHandler
+			l.WriterTo = wt
+		}
+		m.Tensors = append(m.Tensors, l)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MixtralModel) LoadVocab() error {
+	v, err := LoadSentencePieceTokens(m.Path, m.Params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.Vocab = v
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *MixtralModel) WriteGGUF() (string, error) {
+	kv := llm.KV{
+		"general.architecture":          "llama",
+		"general.name":                  m.Name,
+		"llama.block_count":             uint32(m.Params.HiddenLayers),
+		"llama.context_length":          uint32(m.Params.ContextSize),
+		"llama.embedding_length":        uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize),
+		"llama.feed_forward_length":     uint32(m.Params.IntermediateSize),
+		"llama.attention.head_count":    uint32(m.Params.AttentionHeads),
+		"llama.attention.head_count_kv": uint32(m.Params.KeyValHeads),
+
+		"llama.rope.freq_base":                   float32(m.Params.RopeFrequencyBase),
+		"llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon": float32(m.Params.NormEPS),
+
+		"llama.expert_count":      uint32(m.Params.Experts),
+		"llama.expert_used_count": uint32(m.Params.ExpertsUsed),
+
+		"llama.vocab_size":           uint32(len(m.Vocab.Tokens)),
+		"llama.rope.dimension_count": uint32(m.Params.HiddenSize / m.Params.AttentionHeads),
+
+		"general.file_type":    uint32(1),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.model": "llama",
+
+		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":     m.Vocab.Tokens,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":     m.Vocab.Scores,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type": m.Vocab.Types,
+
+		"tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.BoSTokenID),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id":     uint32(m.Params.EoSTokenID),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.unknown_token_id": uint32(0),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token":    true,
+		"tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token":    false,
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ollama-gguf")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	mod := llm.NewGGUFV3(m.Params.ByteOrder)
+	if err := mod.Encode(f, kv, m.Tensors); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return f.Name(), nil
+}

convert/safetensors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/d4l3k/go-bfloat16"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
+	"github.com/x448/float16"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type safetensorWriterTo struct {
+	t *llm.Tensor
+
+	params *Params
+	bo     ByteOrder
+
+	filename string
+
+	start, end, padding uint64
+	handler             func(w io.Writer, r safetensorWriterTo, f *os.File) error
+}
+
+type tensorMetaData struct {
+	Type    string `mapstructure:"dtype"`
+	Shape   []int  `mapstructure:"shape"`
+	Offsets []int  `mapstructure:"data_offsets"`
+}
+
+type SafetensorFormat struct{}
+
+func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetTensors(dirpath string, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, error) {
+	slog.Debug("getting tensor data")
+	var tensors []llm.Tensor
+	files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirpath, "/model-*.safetensors"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var offset uint64
+	for _, f := range files {
+		var t []llm.Tensor
+		var err error
+		t, offset, err = m.readTensors(f, offset, params)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("%v", err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tensors = append(tensors, t...)
+	}
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("all tensors = %d", len(tensors)))
+	return tensors, nil
+}
+
+func (m *SafetensorFormat) readTensors(fn string, offset uint64, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, uint64, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(fn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	var jsonSize uint64
+	if err := binary.Read(f, binary.LittleEndian, &jsonSize); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, jsonSize)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(f, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	d := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBuffer(buf))
+	d.UseNumber()
+	var parsed map[string]interface{}
+	if err = d.Decode(&parsed); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	var keys []string
+	for k := range parsed {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+
+	slices.Sort(keys)
+	slog.Info("converting layers")
+
+	var tensors []llm.Tensor
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		vals := parsed[k].(map[string]interface{})
+		var data tensorMetaData
+		if err = mapstructure.Decode(vals, &data); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("couldn't decode properly")
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+
+		var size uint64
+		var kind uint32
+		switch len(data.Shape) {
+		case 0:
+			// metadata
+			continue
+		case 1:
+			// convert to float32
+			kind = 0
+			size = uint64(data.Shape[0] * 4)
+		case 2:
+			// convert to float16
+			kind = 1
+			size = uint64(data.Shape[0] * data.Shape[1] * 2)
+		}
+
+		ggufName, err := m.GetLayerName(k)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("%v", err)
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+
+		shape := []uint64{0, 0, 0, 0}
+		for i := range data.Shape {
+			shape[i] = uint64(data.Shape[i])
+		}
+
+		t := llm.Tensor{
+			Name:   ggufName,
+			Kind:   kind,
+			Offset: offset,
+			Shape:  shape[:],
+		}
+
+		t.WriterTo = safetensorWriterTo{
+			t:        &t,
+			params:   params,
+			bo:       params.ByteOrder,
+			filename: fn,
+			start:    uint64(data.Offsets[0]),
+			end:      uint64(data.Offsets[1]),
+			padding:  8 + jsonSize,
+		}
+
+		offset += size
+		tensors = append(tensors, t)
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("total tensors for file = %d", len(tensors)))
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("offset = %d", offset))
+
+	return tensors, offset, nil
+}
+
+func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetParams(dirpath string) (*Params, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dirpath, "config.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	var params Params
+
+	d := json.NewDecoder(f)
+	err = d.Decode(&params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	params.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
+	return &params, nil
+}
+
+func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetLayerName(n string) (string, error) {
+	directMap := map[string]string{
+		"model.embed_tokens.weight": "token_embd.weight",
+		"lm_head.weight":            "output.weight",
+		"model.norm.weight":         "output_norm.weight",
+	}
+
+	tMap := map[string]string{
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).input_layernorm.weight":                    "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.down_proj.weight":                      "blk.$1.ffn_down.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.gate_proj.weight":                      "blk.$1.ffn_gate.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.up_proj.weight":                        "blk.$1.ffn_up.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).post_attention_layernorm.weight":           "blk.$1.ffn_norm.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.k_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_k.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.o_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_output.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.q_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_q.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.v_proj.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_v.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.gate.weight":              "blk.$1.ffn_gate_inp.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.experts.(\\d+).w1.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_gate.$2.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.experts.(\\d+).w2.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_down.$2.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).block_sparse_moe.experts.(\\d+).w3.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_up.$2.weight",
+	}
+
+	v, ok := directMap[n]
+	if ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+
+	// quick hack to rename the layers to gguf format
+	for k, v := range tMap {
+		re := regexp.MustCompile(k)
+		newName := re.ReplaceAllString(n, v)
+		if newName != n {
+			return newName, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("couldn't find a layer name for '%s'", n)
+}
+
+func (r safetensorWriterTo) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(r.filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	if _, err = f.Seek(int64(r.padding+r.start), 0); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// use the handler if one is present
+	if r.handler != nil {
+		return 0, r.handler(w, r, f)
+	}
+
+	remaining := r.end - r.start
+
+	bufSize := uint64(10240)
+	var finished bool
+	for {
+		data := make([]byte, min(bufSize, remaining))
+
+		b, err := io.ReadFull(f, data)
+		remaining -= uint64(b)
+
+		if err == io.EOF || remaining <= 0 {
+			finished = true
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		// convert bfloat16 -> ieee float32
+		tDataF32 := bfloat16.DecodeFloat32(data)
+
+		switch r.t.Kind {
+		case 0:
+			if err := binary.Write(w, r.bo, tDataF32); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		case 1:
+			// convert float32 -> float16
+			tempBuf := make([]uint16, len(data)/2)
+			for cnt, v := range tDataF32 {
+				tDataF16 := float16.Fromfloat32(v)
+				tempBuf[cnt] = uint16(tDataF16)
+			}
+			if err := binary.Write(w, r.bo, tempBuf); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+		if finished {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (m *SafetensorFormat) GetModelArch(name, dirPath string, params *Params) (ModelArch, error) {
+	switch len(params.Architectures) {
+	case 0:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No architecture specified to convert")
+	case 1:
+		switch params.Architectures[0] {
+		case "MistralForCausalLM":
+			return &MistralModel{
+				ModelData{
+					Name:   name,
+					Path:   dirPath,
+					Params: params,
+					Format: m,
+				},
+			}, nil
+		case "MixtralForCausalLM":
+			return &MixtralModel{
+				ModelData{
+					Name:   name,
+					Path:   dirPath,
+					Params: params,
+					Format: m,
+				},
+			}, nil
+		case "GemmaForCausalLM":
+			return &GemmaModel{
+				ModelData{
+					Name:   name,
+					Path:   dirPath,
+					Params: params,
+					Format: m,
+				},
+			}, nil
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Models based on '%s' are not yet supported", params.Architectures[0])
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown error")
+}

convert/torch.go

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/pytorch"
+	"github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle/types"
+	"github.com/x448/float16"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+)
+
+type torchWriterTo struct {
+	t *llm.Tensor
+
+	params *Params
+	bo     ByteOrder
+
+	storage pytorch.StorageInterface
+	handler func(w io.Writer, r torchWriterTo) error
+}
+
+type TorchFormat struct{}
+
+func (tf *TorchFormat) GetTensors(dirpath string, params *Params) ([]llm.Tensor, error) {
+	slog.Debug("getting torch tensors")
+
+	files, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(dirpath, "pytorch_model-*.bin"))
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("didn't find any torch files")
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var offset uint64
+
+	var tensors []llm.Tensor
+	for _, fn := range files {
+		m, err := pytorch.Load(fn)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error(fmt.Sprintf("error unpickling: %q", err))
+			return []llm.Tensor{}, err
+		}
+
+		for _, k := range m.(*types.Dict).Keys() {
+			if strings.HasSuffix(k.(string), "self_attn.rotary_emb.inv_freq") {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			t, _ := m.(*types.Dict).Get(k)
+			tshape := t.(*pytorch.Tensor).Size
+
+			var size uint64
+			var kind uint32
+			switch len(tshape) {
+			case 0:
+				continue
+			case 1:
+				// convert to float32
+				kind = 0
+				size = uint64(tshape[0] * 4)
+			case 2:
+				// convert to float16
+				kind = 1
+				size = uint64(tshape[0] * tshape[1] * 2)
+			}
+
+			ggufName, err := tf.GetLayerName(k.(string))
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Error("%v", err)
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("finding name for '%s' -> '%s'", k.(string), ggufName))
+
+			shape := []uint64{0, 0, 0, 0}
+			for i := range tshape {
+				shape[i] = uint64(tshape[i])
+			}
+
+			tensor := llm.Tensor{
+				Name:   ggufName,
+				Kind:   kind,
+				Offset: offset, // calculate the offset
+				Shape:  shape[:],
+			}
+
+			tensor.WriterTo = torchWriterTo{
+				t:       &tensor,
+				params:  params,
+				bo:      params.ByteOrder,
+				storage: t.(*pytorch.Tensor).Source,
+			}
+
+			tensors = append(tensors, tensor)
+			offset += size
+		}
+	}
+
+	return tensors, nil
+
+}
+
+func getAltParams(dirpath string) (*Params, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dirpath, "params.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("no params.json")
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	type TorchParams struct {
+		HiddenSize     int     `json:"dim"`
+		AttentionHeads int     `json:"n_heads"`
+		KeyValHeads    int     `json:"n_kv_heads"`
+		HiddenLayers   int     `json:"n_layers"`
+		RopeTheta      int     `json:"rope_theta"`
+		NormEPS        float64 `json:"norm_eps"`
+	}
+
+	var tparams TorchParams
+
+	d := json.NewDecoder(f)
+	err = d.Decode(&tparams)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	params := &Params{
+		HiddenSize:     tparams.HiddenSize,
+		AttentionHeads: tparams.AttentionHeads,
+		KeyValHeads:    tparams.KeyValHeads,
+		HiddenLayers:   tparams.HiddenLayers,
+		NormEPS:        tparams.NormEPS,
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case tparams.RopeTheta == 1000000:
+		// Codellama
+		params.ContextSize = 16384
+	case tparams.NormEPS == 1e-06:
+		// llama2
+		slog.Debug("Found llama2 - setting context size to 4096")
+		params.ContextSize = 4096
+	default:
+		params.ContextSize = 2048
+	}
+
+	params.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
+	return params, nil
+}
+
+func (m *TorchFormat) GetParams(dirpath string) (*Params, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dirpath, "config.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			// try params.json instead
+			return getAltParams(dirpath)
+		} else {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	var params Params
+	d := json.NewDecoder(f)
+	err = d.Decode(&params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	params.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
+	return &params, nil
+}
+
+func (m *TorchFormat) GetLayerName(n string) (string, error) {
+	directMap := map[string]string{
+		"tok_embeddings.weight":     "token_embd.weight",
+		"output.weight":             "output.weight",
+		"norm.weight":               "output_norm.weight",
+		"rope.freqs":                "rope_freqs.weight",
+		"model.embed_tokens.weight": "token_embd.weight",
+		"lm_head.weight":            "output.weight",
+		"model.norm.weight":         "output_norm.weight",
+	}
+
+	lMap := map[string]string{
+		"layers.(\\d+).attention_norm.weight":                 "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).attention_output_norm.weight":          "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).feed_forward.w2.weight":                "blk.$1.ffn_down.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).feed_forward.w1.weight":                "blk.$1.ffn_gate.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).feed_forward.w3.weight":                "blk.$1.ffn_up.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).ffn_norm.weight":                       "blk.$1.ffn_norm.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wk.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_k.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wo.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_output.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wq.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_q.weight",
+		"layers.(\\d+).attention.wv.weight":                   "blk.$1.attn_v.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).input_layernorm.weight":          "blk.$1.attn_norm.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.down_proj.weight":            "blk.$1.ffn_down.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.gate_proj.weight":            "blk.$1.ffn_gate.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).mlp.up_proj.weight":              "blk.$1.ffn_up.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).post_attention_layernorm.weight": "blk.$1.ffn_norm.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.k_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_k.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.o_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_output.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.q_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_q.weight",
+		"model.layers.(\\d+).self_attn.v_proj.weight":         "blk.$1.attn_v.weight",
+	}
+
+	v, ok := directMap[n]
+	if ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+
+	// quick hack to rename the layers to gguf format
+	for k, v := range lMap {
+		re := regexp.MustCompile(k)
+		newName := re.ReplaceAllString(n, v)
+		if newName != n {
+			return newName, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("couldn't find a layer name for '%s'", n)
+}
+
+func (r torchWriterTo) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
+	// use the handler if one is present
+	if r.handler != nil {
+		return 0, r.handler(w, r)
+	}
+
+	switch r.storage.(type) {
+	case *pytorch.FloatStorage:
+		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("unexpected storage found for layer '%s'; skipping", r.t.Name))
+		return 0, nil
+	case *pytorch.HalfStorage:
+		switch r.t.Kind {
+		case 0:
+			data := r.storage.(*pytorch.HalfStorage).Data
+			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("%35s F32 (%d)", r.t.Name, len(data)))
+			if err := binary.Write(w, r.bo, data); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		case 1:
+			data := r.storage.(*pytorch.HalfStorage).Data
+			tData := make([]uint16, len(data))
+			for cnt, v := range data {
+				tData[cnt] = uint16(float16.Fromfloat32(v))
+			}
+			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("%35s F16 (%d)", r.t.Name, len(tData)))
+			if err := binary.Write(w, r.bo, tData); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (m *TorchFormat) GetModelArch(name, dirPath string, params *Params) (ModelArch, error) {
+	switch len(params.Architectures) {
+	case 0:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No architecture specified to convert")
+	case 1:
+		switch params.Architectures[0] {
+		case "LlamaForCausalLM":
+			return &LlamaModel{
+				ModelData{
+					Name:   name,
+					Path:   dirPath,
+					Params: params,
+					Format: m,
+				},
+			}, nil
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Models based on '%s' are not yet supported", params.Architectures[0])
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown error")
+}

docs/api.md

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ The final response in the stream also includes additional data about the generat
 - `load_duration`: time spent in nanoseconds loading the model
 - `prompt_eval_count`: number of tokens in the prompt
 - `prompt_eval_duration`: time spent in nanoseconds evaluating the prompt
-- `eval_count`: number of tokens the response
+- `eval_count`: number of tokens in the response
 - `eval_duration`: time in nanoseconds spent generating the response
 - `context`: an encoding of the conversation used in this response, this can be sent in the next request to keep a conversational memory
 - `response`: empty if the response was streamed, if not streamed, this will contain the full response

docs/faq.md

@@ -228,3 +228,7 @@ To unload the model and free up memory use:
 ```shell
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/generate -d '{"model": "llama2", "keep_alive": 0}'
 ```
+
+Alternatively, you can change the amount of time all models are loaded into memory by setting the `OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE` environment variable when starting the Ollama server. The `OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE` variable uses the same parameter types as the `keep_alive` parameter types mentioned above. Refer to section explaining [how to configure the Ollama server](#how-do-i-configure-ollama-server) to correctly set the environment variable.
+
+If you wish to override the `OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE` setting, use the `keep_alive` API parameter with the `/api/generate` or `/api/chat` API endpoints.

docs/modelfile.md

@@ -139,9 +139,6 @@ PARAMETER <parameter> <parametervalue>
 | mirostat_eta   | Influences how quickly the algorithm responds to feedback from the generated text. A lower learning rate will result in slower adjustments, while a higher learning rate will make the algorithm more responsive. (Default: 0.1)                        | float      | mirostat_eta 0.1     |
 | mirostat_tau   | Controls the balance between coherence and diversity of the output. A lower value will result in more focused and coherent text. (Default: 5.0)                                                                                                         | float      | mirostat_tau 5.0     |
 | num_ctx        | Sets the size of the context window used to generate the next token. (Default: 2048)                                                                                                                                                                    | int        | num_ctx 4096         |
-| num_gqa        | The number of GQA groups in the transformer layer. Required for some models, for example it is 8 for llama2:70b                                                                                                                                         | int        | num_gqa 1            |
-| num_gpu        | The number of layers to send to the GPU(s). On macOS it defaults to 1 to enable metal support, 0 to disable.                                                                                                                                            | int        | num_gpu 50           |
-| num_thread     | Sets the number of threads to use during computation. By default, Ollama will detect this for optimal performance. It is recommended to set this value to the number of physical CPU cores your system has (as opposed to the logical number of cores). | int        | num_thread 8         |
 | repeat_last_n  | Sets how far back for the model to look back to prevent repetition. (Default: 64, 0 = disabled, -1 = num_ctx)                                                                                                                                           | int        | repeat_last_n 64     |
 | repeat_penalty | Sets how strongly to penalize repetitions. A higher value (e.g., 1.5) will penalize repetitions more strongly, while a lower value (e.g., 0.9) will be more lenient. (Default: 1.1)                                                                     | float      | repeat_penalty 1.1   |
 | temperature    | The temperature of the model. Increasing the temperature will make the model answer more creatively. (Default: 0.8)                                                                                                                                     | float      | temperature 0.7      |

docs/tutorials/langchainjs.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const ollama = new Ollama({
   model: "llama2",
 });
 
-const answer = await ollama.call(`why is the sky blue?`);
+const answer = await ollama.invoke(`why is the sky blue?`);
 
 console.log(answer);
 ```

docs/tutorials/nvidia-jetson.md

@@ -1,38 +1,15 @@
 # Running Ollama on NVIDIA Jetson Devices
 
-With some minor configuration, Ollama runs well on [NVIDIA Jetson Devices](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/). The following has been tested on [JetPack 5.1.2](https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetpack).
+Ollama runs well on [NVIDIA Jetson Devices](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/autonomous-machines/embedded-systems/) and should run out of the box with the standard installation instructions. 
 
-NVIDIA Jetson devices are Linux-based embedded AI computers that are purpose-built for AI applications.
-
-Jetsons have an integrated GPU that is wired directly to the memory controller of the machine. For this reason, the `nvidia-smi` command is unrecognized, and Ollama proceeds to operate in "CPU only"
-mode. This can be verified by using a monitoring tool like jtop.
-
-In order to address this, we simply pass the path to the Jetson's pre-installed CUDA libraries into `ollama serve` (while in a tmux session). We then hardcode the num_gpu parameters into a cloned
-version of our target model.
-
-Prerequisites:
-
-- curl
-- tmux
-
-Here are the steps:
+The following has been tested on [JetPack 5.1.2](https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetpack), but should also work on JetPack 6.0.
 
 - Install Ollama via standard Linux command (ignore the 404 error): `curl https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh`
-- Stop the Ollama service: `sudo systemctl stop ollama`
-- Start Ollama serve in a tmux session called ollama_jetson and reference the CUDA libraries path: `tmux has-session -t ollama_jetson 2>/dev/null || tmux new-session -d -s ollama_jetson 
-'LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64 ollama serve'`
 - Pull the model you want to use (e.g. mistral): `ollama pull mistral`
-- Create a new Modelfile specifically for enabling GPU support on the Jetson: `touch ModelfileMistralJetson`
-- In the ModelfileMistralJetson file, specify the FROM model and the num_gpu PARAMETER as shown below:
-
-```
-FROM mistral
-PARAMETER num_gpu 999
-```
-
-- Create a new model from your Modelfile: `ollama create mistral-jetson -f ./ModelfileMistralJetson`
-- Run the new model: `ollama run mistral-jetson`
-
-If you run a monitoring tool like jtop you should now see that Ollama is using the Jetson's integrated GPU.
+- Start an interactive session: `ollama run mistral`
 
 And that's it!
+
+# Running Ollama in Docker
+
+When running GPU accelerated applications in Docker, it is highly recommended to use [dusty-nv jetson-containers repo](https://github.com/dusty-nv/jetson-containers).

examples/go-chat/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	messages := []api.Message{
+		api.Message{
+			Role:    "system",
+			Content: "Provide very brief, concise responses",
+		},
+		api.Message{
+			Role:    "user",
+			Content: "Name some unusual animals",
+		},
+		api.Message{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: "Monotreme, platypus, echidna",
+		},
+		api.Message{
+			Role:    "user",
+			Content: "which of these is the most dangerous?",
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	req := &api.ChatRequest{
+		Model:    "llama2",
+		Messages: messages,
+	}
+
+	respFunc := func(resp api.ChatResponse) error {
+		fmt.Print(resp.Message.Content)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err = client.Chat(ctx, req, respFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

examples/go-generate-streaming/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// By default, GenerateRequest is streaming.
+	req := &api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:  "gemma",
+		Prompt: "how many planets are there?",
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	respFunc := func(resp api.GenerateResponse) error {
+		// Only print the response here; GenerateResponse has a number of other
+		// interesting fields you want to examine.
+
+		// In streaming mode, responses are partial so we call fmt.Print (and not
+		// Println) in order to avoid spurious newlines being introduced. The
+		// model will insert its own newlines if it wants.
+		fmt.Print(resp.Response)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err = client.Generate(ctx, req, respFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+}

examples/go-generate/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	req := &api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:  "gemma",
+		Prompt: "how many planets are there?",
+
+		// set streaming to false
+		Stream: new(bool),
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	respFunc := func(resp api.GenerateResponse) error {
+		// Only print the response here; GenerateResponse has a number of other
+		// interesting fields you want to examine.
+		fmt.Println(resp.Response)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err = client.Generate(ctx, req, respFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

examples/go-multimodal/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) <= 1 {
+		log.Fatal("usage: <image name>")
+	}
+
+	imgData, err := os.ReadFile(os.Args[1])
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	req := &api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:  "llava",
+		Prompt: "describe this image",
+		Images: []api.ImageData{imgData},
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	respFunc := func(resp api.GenerateResponse) error {
+		// In streaming mode, responses are partial so we call fmt.Print (and not
+		// Println) in order to avoid spurious newlines being introduced. The
+		// model will insert its own newlines if it wants.
+		fmt.Print(resp.Response)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err = client.Generate(ctx, req, respFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+}

examples/go-pull-progress/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	req := &api.PullRequest{
+		Model: "mistral",
+	}
+	progressFunc := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
+		fmt.Printf("Progress: status=%v, total=%v, completed=%v\n", resp.Status, resp.Total, resp.Completed)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err = client.Pull(ctx, req, progressFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

format/bytes.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const (
 
 	KibiByte = Byte * 1024
 	MebiByte = KibiByte * 1024
+	GibiByte = MebiByte * 1024
 )
 
 func HumanBytes(b int64) string {
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ func HumanBytes(b int64) string {
 	}
 }
 
-func HumanBytes2(b int64) string {
+func HumanBytes2(b uint64) string {
 	switch {
 	case b >= MebiByte:
 		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f MiB", float64(b)/MebiByte)

go.mod

@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0
 )
 
-require github.com/pdevine/tensor v0.0.0-20240228013915-64ccaa8d9ca9
+require (
+	github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle v0.3.0
+	github.com/pdevine/tensor v0.0.0-20240228013915-64ccaa8d9ca9
+)
 
 require (
 	github.com/apache/arrow/go/arrow v0.0.0-20201229220542-30ce2eb5d4dc // indirect
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/net v0.17.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0
 	golang.org/x/term v0.13.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.13.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@ github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd h1:TRLaZ9cD/w
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 h1:xBagoLtFs94CBntxluKeaWgTMpvLxC4ur3nMaC9Gz0M=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2/go.mod h1:yWuevngMOJpCy52FWWMvUC8ws7m/LJsjYzDa0/r8luk=
+github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle v0.3.0 h1:BLUE5gxFLyyNOPzlXxt6GoHEMMxD0qhsE4p0CIQyoLw=
+github.com/nlpodyssey/gopickle v0.3.0/go.mod h1:f070HJ/yR+eLi5WmM1OXJEGaTpuJEUiib19olXgYha0=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 h1:P2Ga83D34wi1o9J6Wh1mRuqd4mF/x/lgBS7N7AbDhec=
 github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5/go.mod h1:hPp6KlRPjbx+hW8ykQs1w3UBbZlj6HuIJcUGPhkA7kY=
 github.com/pdevine/tensor v0.0.0-20240228013915-64ccaa8d9ca9 h1:DV4iXjNn6fGeDl1AkZ1I0QB/0DBjrc7kPpxHrmuDzW4=
@@ -236,8 +238,8 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.13.0/go.mod h1:LTmsnFJwVN6bCy1rVCoS+qHT1HhALEFxKncY3WNNh4U=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.13.0 h1:ablQoSUd0tRdKxZewP80B+BaqeKJuVhuRxj/dkrun3k=
-golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 h1:ScX5w1eTa3QqT8oi6+ziP7dTV1S2+ALU0bI+0zXKWiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180525024113-a5b4c53f6e8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190114222345-bf090417da8b/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=

gpu/amd_common.go

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 )
 
@@ -35,22 +35,64 @@ func GetSupportedGFX(libDir string) ([]string, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func amdSetVisibleDevices(ids []int, skip map[int]interface{}) {
-	// Set the visible devices if not already set
-	// TODO - does sort order matter?
-	devices := []string{}
-	for i := range ids {
-		if _, skipped := skip[i]; skipped {
+func rocmGetVisibleDevicesEnv(gpuInfo []GpuInfo) (string, string) {
+	ids := []string{}
+	for _, info := range gpuInfo {
+		if info.Library != "rocm" {
+			// TODO shouldn't happen if things are wired correctly...
+			slog.Debug("rocmGetVisibleDevicesEnv skipping over non-rocm device", "library", info.Library)
 			continue
 		}
-		devices = append(devices, strconv.Itoa(i))
+		ids = append(ids, info.ID)
+	}
+	return "HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES", strings.Join(ids, ",")
+}
+
+func commonAMDValidateLibDir() (string, error) {
+	// We try to favor system paths first, so that we can wire up the subprocess to use
+	// the system version.  Only use our bundled version if the system version doesn't work
+	// This gives users a more recovery options if versions have subtle problems at runtime
+
+	// Prefer explicit HIP env var
+	hipPath := os.Getenv("HIP_PATH")
+	if hipPath != "" {
+		hipLibDir := filepath.Join(hipPath, "bin")
+		if rocmLibUsable(hipLibDir) {
+			slog.Debug("detected ROCM via HIP_PATH=" + hipPath)
+			return hipLibDir, nil
+		}
 	}
 
-	val := strings.Join(devices, ",")
-	err := os.Setenv("HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES", val)
-	if err != nil {
-		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to set env: %s", err))
-	} else {
-		slog.Info("Setting HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES=" + val)
+	// Scan the LD_LIBRARY_PATH or PATH
+	pathEnv := "LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		pathEnv = "PATH"
 	}
+
+	paths := os.Getenv(pathEnv)
+	for _, path := range filepath.SplitList(paths) {
+		d, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if rocmLibUsable(d) {
+			return d, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Well known location(s)
+	if rocmLibUsable(RocmStandardLocation) {
+		return RocmStandardLocation, nil
+	}
+
+	// Installer payload location if we're running the installed binary
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	if err == nil {
+		rocmTargetDir := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(exe), "rocm")
+		if rocmLibUsable(rocmTargetDir) {
+			slog.Debug("detected ROCM next to ollama executable " + rocmTargetDir)
+			return rocmTargetDir, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no suitable rocm found, falling back to CPU")
 }

gpu/amd_hip_windows.go

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func NewHipLib() (*HipLib, error) {
 func (hl *HipLib) Release() {
 	err := windows.FreeLibrary(hl.dll)
 	if err != nil {
-		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to unload amdhip64.dll: %s", err))
+		slog.Warn("failed to unload amdhip64.dll", "error", err)
 	}
 	hl.dll = 0
 }
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func (hl *HipLib) HipGetDeviceCount() int {
 		return 0
 	}
 	if status != hipSuccess {
-		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed call to hipGetDeviceCount: %d %s", status, err))
+		slog.Warn("failed call to hipGetDeviceCount", "status", status, "error", err)
 	}
 	return count
 }

gpu/amd_linux.go

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
 )
 
 // Discovery logic for AMD/ROCm GPUs
@@ -24,9 +26,6 @@ const (
 	GPUTotalMemoryFileGlob = "mem_banks/*/properties" // size_in_bytes line
 	GPUUsedMemoryFileGlob  = "mem_banks/*/used_memory"
 	RocmStandardLocation   = "/opt/rocm/lib"
-
-	// TODO find a better way to detect iGPU instead of minimum memory
-	IGPUMemLimit = 1024 * 1024 * 1024 // 512G is what they typically report, so anything less than 1G must be iGPU
 )
 
 var (
@@ -35,14 +34,11 @@ var (
 )
 
 // Gather GPU information from the amdgpu driver if any supported GPUs are detected
-// HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES will be set if we detect a mix of unsupported and supported devices
-// and the user hasn't already set this variable
-func AMDGetGPUInfo(resp *GpuInfo) {
-	// TODO - DRY this out with windows
+func AMDGetGPUInfo() []GpuInfo {
+	resp := []GpuInfo{}
 	if !AMDDetected() {
-		return
+		return resp
 	}
-	skip := map[int]interface{}{}
 
 	// Opportunistic logging of driver version to aid in troubleshooting
 	ver, err := AMDDriverVersion()
@@ -50,160 +46,117 @@ func AMDGetGPUInfo(resp *GpuInfo) {
 		slog.Info("AMD Driver: " + ver)
 	} else {
 		// TODO - if we see users crash and burn with the upstreamed kernel this can be adjusted to hard-fail rocm support and fallback to CPU
-		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("ollama recommends running the https://www.amd.com/en/support/linux-drivers: %s", err))
+		slog.Warn("ollama recommends running the https://www.amd.com/en/support/linux-drivers", "error", err)
 	}
 
-	// If the user has specified exactly which GPUs to use, look up their memory
-	visibleDevices := os.Getenv("HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES")
-	if visibleDevices != "" {
-		ids := []int{}
-		for _, idStr := range strings.Split(visibleDevices, ",") {
-			id, err := strconv.Atoi(idStr)
-			if err != nil {
-				slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("malformed HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES=%s %s", visibleDevices, err))
-			} else {
-				ids = append(ids, id)
-			}
-		}
-		amdProcMemLookup(resp, nil, ids)
-		return
+	// Determine if the user has already pre-selected which GPUs to look at, then ignore the others
+	var visibleDevices []string
+	hipVD := os.Getenv("HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES")   // zero based index only
+	rocrVD := os.Getenv("ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES") // zero based index or UUID, but consumer cards seem to not support UUID
+	gpuDO := os.Getenv("GPU_DEVICE_ORDINAL")    // zero based index
+	switch {
+	// TODO is this priorty order right?
+	case hipVD != "":
+		visibleDevices = strings.Split(hipVD, ",")
+	case rocrVD != "":
+		visibleDevices = strings.Split(rocrVD, ",")
+		// TODO - since we don't yet support UUIDs, consider detecting and reporting here
+		// all our test systems show GPU-XX indicating UUID is not supported
+	case gpuDO != "":
+		visibleDevices = strings.Split(gpuDO, ",")
 	}
 
-	// Gather GFX version information from all detected cards
-	gfx := AMDGFXVersions()
-	verStrings := []string{}
-	for i, v := range gfx {
-		verStrings = append(verStrings, v.ToGFXString())
-		if v.Major == 0 {
-			// Silently skip CPUs
-			skip[i] = struct{}{}
-			continue
-		}
-		if v.Major < 9 {
-			// TODO consider this a build-time setting if we can support 8xx family GPUs
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%d] too old %s", i, v.ToGFXString()))
-			skip[i] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("detected amdgpu versions %v", verStrings))
-
-	// Abort if all GPUs are skipped
-	if len(skip) >= len(gfx) {
-		slog.Info("all detected amdgpus are skipped, falling back to CPU")
-		return
-	}
-
-	// If we got this far, then we have at least 1 GPU that's a ROCm candidate, so make sure we have a lib
-	libDir, err := AMDValidateLibDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("unable to verify rocm library, will use cpu: %s", err))
-		return
-	}
-
-	updateLibPath(libDir)
-
 	gfxOverride := os.Getenv("HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION")
-	if gfxOverride == "" {
-		supported, err := GetSupportedGFX(libDir)
+	var supported []string
+	libDir := ""
+
+	// The amdgpu driver always exposes the host CPU(s) first, but we have to skip them and subtract
+	// from the other IDs to get alignment with the HIP libraries expectations (zero is the first GPU, not the CPU)
+	matches, _ := filepath.Glob(GPUPropertiesFileGlob)
+	cpuCount := 0
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		slog.Debug("evaluating amdgpu node " + match)
+		fp, err := os.Open(match)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to lookup supported GFX types, falling back to CPU mode: %s", err))
-			return
-		}
-		slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("rocm supported GPU types %v", supported))
-
-		for i, v := range gfx {
-			if !slices.Contains[[]string, string](supported, v.ToGFXString()) {
-				slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%d] %s is not supported by %s %v", i, v.ToGFXString(), libDir, supported))
-				// TODO - consider discrete markdown just for ROCM troubleshooting?
-				slog.Warn("See https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/gpu.md#overrides for HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION usage")
-				skip[i] = struct{}{}
-			} else {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%d] %s is supported", i, v.ToGFXString()))
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		slog.Debug("skipping rocm gfx compatibility check with HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION=" + gfxOverride)
-	}
-
-	if len(skip) >= len(gfx) {
-		slog.Info("all detected amdgpus are skipped, falling back to CPU")
-		return
-	}
-
-	ids := make([]int, len(gfx))
-	i := 0
-	for k := range gfx {
-		ids[i] = k
-		i++
-	}
-	amdProcMemLookup(resp, skip, ids)
-	if resp.memInfo.DeviceCount == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	if len(skip) > 0 {
-		amdSetVisibleDevices(ids, skip)
-	}
-}
-
-func updateLibPath(libDir string) {
-	ldPaths := []string{}
-	if val, ok := os.LookupEnv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH"); ok {
-		ldPaths = strings.Split(val, ":")
-	}
-	for _, d := range ldPaths {
-		if d == libDir {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	val := strings.Join(append(ldPaths, libDir), ":")
-	slog.Debug("updated lib path", "LD_LIBRARY_PATH", val)
-	os.Setenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH", val)
-}
-
-// Walk the sysfs nodes for the available GPUs and gather information from them
-// skipping over any devices in the skip map
-func amdProcMemLookup(resp *GpuInfo, skip map[int]interface{}, ids []int) {
-	resp.memInfo.DeviceCount = 0
-	resp.memInfo.TotalMemory = 0
-	resp.memInfo.FreeMemory = 0
-	slog.Debug("discovering VRAM for amdgpu devices")
-	if len(ids) == 0 {
-		entries, err := os.ReadDir(AMDNodesSysfsDir)
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to read amdgpu sysfs %s - %s", AMDNodesSysfsDir, err))
-			return
-		}
-		for _, node := range entries {
-			if !node.IsDir() {
-				continue
-			}
-			id, err := strconv.Atoi(node.Name())
-			if err != nil {
-				slog.Warn("malformed amdgpu sysfs node id " + node.Name())
-				continue
-			}
-			ids = append(ids, id)
-		}
-	}
-	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu devices %v", ids))
-
-	for _, id := range ids {
-		if _, skipped := skip[id]; skipped {
+			slog.Debug("failed to open sysfs node", "file", match, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
+		defer fp.Close()
+		nodeID, err := strconv.Atoi(filepath.Base(filepath.Dir(match)))
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Debug("failed to parse node ID", "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
+		isCPU := false
+		var major, minor, patch uint64
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+			// Note: we could also use "cpu_cores_count X" where X is greater than zero to detect CPUs
+			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "gfx_target_version") {
+				ver := strings.Fields(line)
+
+				// Detect CPUs
+				if len(ver) == 2 && ver[1] == "0" {
+					slog.Debug("detected CPU " + match)
+					isCPU = true
+					break
+				}
+
+				if len(ver) != 2 || len(ver[1]) < 5 {
+					slog.Warn("malformed "+match, "gfx_target_version", line)
+					// If this winds up being a CPU, our offsets may be wrong
+					continue
+				}
+				l := len(ver[1])
+				var err1, err2, err3 error
+				patch, err1 = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][l-2:l], 10, 32)
+				minor, err2 = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][l-4:l-2], 10, 32)
+				major, err3 = strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][:l-4], 10, 32)
+				if err1 != nil || err2 != nil || err3 != nil {
+					slog.Debug("malformed int " + line)
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
+			// TODO - any other properties we want to extract and record?
+			// vendor_id + device_id -> pci lookup for "Name"
+			// Other metrics that may help us understand relative performance between multiple GPUs
+		}
+
+		if isCPU {
+			cpuCount++
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// CPUs are always first in the list
+		gpuID := nodeID - cpuCount
+
+		// Shouldn't happen, but just in case...
+		if gpuID < 0 {
+			slog.Error("unexpected amdgpu sysfs data resulted in negative GPU ID, please set OLLAMA_DEBUG=1 and report an issue")
+			return []GpuInfo{}
+		}
+
+		if int(major) < RocmComputeMin {
+			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu too old gfx%d%d%x", major, minor, patch), "gpu", gpuID)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Look up the memory for the current node
 		totalMemory := uint64(0)
 		usedMemory := uint64(0)
-		// Adjust for sysfs vs HIP ids
-		propGlob := filepath.Join(AMDNodesSysfsDir, strconv.Itoa(id+1), GPUTotalMemoryFileGlob)
+		propGlob := filepath.Join(AMDNodesSysfsDir, strconv.Itoa(nodeID), GPUTotalMemoryFileGlob)
 		propFiles, err := filepath.Glob(propGlob)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("error looking up total GPU memory: %s %s", propGlob, err))
+			slog.Warn("error looking up total GPU memory", "glob", propGlob, "error", err)
 		}
 		// 1 or more memory banks - sum the values of all of them
 		for _, propFile := range propFiles {
 			fp, err := os.Open(propFile)
 			if err != nil {
-				slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to open sysfs node file %s: %s", propFile, err))
+				slog.Warn("failed to open sysfs node", "file", propFile, "erroir", err)
 				continue
 			}
 			defer fp.Close()
@@ -226,49 +179,113 @@ func amdProcMemLookup(resp *GpuInfo, skip map[int]interface{}, ids []int) {
 			}
 		}
 		if totalMemory == 0 {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%d] reports zero total memory, skipping", id))
-			skip[id] = struct{}{}
+			slog.Warn("amdgpu reports zero total memory", "gpu", gpuID)
 			continue
 		}
-		if totalMemory < IGPUMemLimit {
-			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%d] appears to be an iGPU with %dM reported total memory, skipping", id, totalMemory/1024/1024))
-			skip[id] = struct{}{}
-			continue
-		}
-		usedGlob := filepath.Join(AMDNodesSysfsDir, strconv.Itoa(id), GPUUsedMemoryFileGlob)
+		usedGlob := filepath.Join(AMDNodesSysfsDir, strconv.Itoa(nodeID), GPUUsedMemoryFileGlob)
 		usedFiles, err := filepath.Glob(usedGlob)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("error looking up used GPU memory: %s %s", usedGlob, err))
+			slog.Warn("error looking up used GPU memory", "glob", usedGlob, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
 		for _, usedFile := range usedFiles {
 			fp, err := os.Open(usedFile)
 			if err != nil {
-				slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to open sysfs node file %s: %s", usedFile, err))
+				slog.Warn("failed to open sysfs node", "file", usedFile, "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 			defer fp.Close()
 			data, err := io.ReadAll(fp)
 			if err != nil {
-				slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to read sysfs node file %s: %s", usedFile, err))
+				slog.Warn("failed to read sysfs node", "file", usedFile, "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 			used, err := strconv.ParseUint(strings.TrimSpace(string(data)), 10, 64)
 			if err != nil {
-				slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("malformed used memory %s: %s", string(data), err))
+				slog.Warn("malformed used memory", "data", string(data), "error", err)
 				continue
 			}
 			usedMemory += used
 		}
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] amdgpu totalMemory %dM", id, totalMemory/1024/1024))
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] amdgpu freeMemory  %dM", id, (totalMemory-usedMemory)/1024/1024))
-		resp.memInfo.DeviceCount++
-		resp.memInfo.TotalMemory += totalMemory
-		resp.memInfo.FreeMemory += (totalMemory - usedMemory)
+
+		// iGPU detection, remove this check once we can support an iGPU variant of the rocm library
+		if totalMemory < IGPUMemLimit {
+			slog.Info("amdgpu appears to be an iGPU, skipping", "gpu", gpuID, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		slog.Info("amdgpu memory", "gpu", gpuID, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+		slog.Info("amdgpu memory", "gpu", gpuID, "available", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory-usedMemory))
+		gpuInfo := GpuInfo{
+			Library: "rocm",
+			memInfo: memInfo{
+				TotalMemory: totalMemory,
+				FreeMemory:  (totalMemory - usedMemory),
+			},
+			ID: fmt.Sprintf("%d", gpuID),
+			// Name: not exposed in sysfs directly, would require pci device id lookup
+			Major:         int(major),
+			Minor:         int(minor),
+			Patch:         int(patch),
+			MinimumMemory: rocmMinimumMemory,
+		}
+
+		// If the user wants to filter to a subset of devices, filter out if we aren't a match
+		if len(visibleDevices) > 0 {
+			include := false
+			for _, visible := range visibleDevices {
+				if visible == gpuInfo.ID {
+					include = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !include {
+				slog.Info("filtering out device per user request", "id", gpuInfo.ID, "visible_devices", visibleDevices)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Final validation is gfx compatibility - load the library if we haven't already loaded it
+		// even if the user overrides, we still need to validate the library
+		if libDir == "" {
+			libDir, err = AMDValidateLibDir()
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("unable to verify rocm library, will use cpu", "error", err)
+				return []GpuInfo{}
+			}
+		}
+		gpuInfo.DependencyPath = libDir
+
+		if gfxOverride == "" {
+			// Only load supported list once
+			if len(supported) == 0 {
+				supported, err = GetSupportedGFX(libDir)
+				if err != nil {
+					slog.Warn("failed to lookup supported GFX types, falling back to CPU mode", "error", err)
+					return []GpuInfo{}
+				}
+				slog.Debug("rocm supported GPUs", "types", supported)
+			}
+			gfx := fmt.Sprintf("gfx%d%d%x", gpuInfo.Major, gpuInfo.Minor, gpuInfo.Patch)
+			if !slices.Contains[[]string, string](supported, gfx) {
+				slog.Warn("amdgpu is not supported", "gpu", gpuInfo.ID, "gpu_type", gfx, "library", libDir, "supported_types", supported)
+				// TODO - consider discrete markdown just for ROCM troubleshooting?
+				slog.Warn("See https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/gpu.md#overrides for HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION usage")
+				continue
+			} else {
+				slog.Info("amdgpu is supported", "gpu", gpuInfo.ID, "gpu_type", gfx)
+			}
+		} else {
+			slog.Debug("skipping rocm gfx compatibility check with HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION=" + gfxOverride)
+		}
+
+		// The GPU has passed all the verification steps and is supported
+		resp = append(resp, gpuInfo)
 	}
-	if resp.memInfo.DeviceCount > 0 {
-		resp.Library = "rocm"
+	if len(resp) == 0 {
+		slog.Info("no compatible amdgpu devices detected")
 	}
+	return resp
 }
 
 // Quick check for AMD driver so we can skip amdgpu discovery if not present
@@ -280,87 +297,24 @@ func AMDDetected() bool {
 		slog.Debug("amdgpu driver not detected " + sysfsDir)
 		return false
 	} else if err != nil {
-		slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("error looking up amd driver %s %s", sysfsDir, err))
+		slog.Debug("error looking up amd driver", "path", sysfsDir, "error", err)
 		return false
 	}
 	return true
 }
 
-func setupLink(source, target string) error {
-	if err := os.RemoveAll(target); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove old rocm directory %s %w", target, err)
-	}
-	if err := os.Symlink(source, target); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create link %s => %s %w", source, target, err)
-	}
-	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("host rocm linked %s => %s", source, target))
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Ensure the AMD rocm lib dir is wired up
 // Prefer to use host installed ROCm, as long as it meets our minimum requirements
 // failing that, tell the user how to download it on their own
 func AMDValidateLibDir() (string, error) {
-	// We rely on the rpath compiled into our library to find rocm
-	// so we establish a symlink to wherever we find it on the system
-	// to <payloads>/rocm
-	payloadsDir, err := PayloadsDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	// If we already have a rocm dependency wired, nothing more to do
-	rocmTargetDir := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(payloadsDir, "..", "rocm"))
-	if rocmLibUsable(rocmTargetDir) {
-		return rocmTargetDir, nil
-	}
-
-	// next to the running binary
-	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	libDir, err := commonAMDValidateLibDir()
 	if err == nil {
-		peerDir := filepath.Dir(exe)
-		if rocmLibUsable(peerDir) {
-			slog.Debug("detected ROCM next to ollama executable " + peerDir)
-			return rocmTargetDir, setupLink(peerDir, rocmTargetDir)
-		}
-		peerDir = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(exe), "rocm")
-		if rocmLibUsable(peerDir) {
-			slog.Debug("detected ROCM next to ollama executable " + peerDir)
-			return rocmTargetDir, setupLink(peerDir, rocmTargetDir)
-		}
+		return libDir, nil
 	}
 
 	// Well known ollama installer path
 	installedRocmDir := "/usr/share/ollama/lib/rocm"
 	if rocmLibUsable(installedRocmDir) {
-		return rocmTargetDir, setupLink(installedRocmDir, rocmTargetDir)
-	}
-
-	// Prefer explicit HIP env var
-	hipPath := os.Getenv("HIP_PATH")
-	if hipPath != "" {
-		hipLibDir := filepath.Join(hipPath, "lib")
-		if rocmLibUsable(hipLibDir) {
-			slog.Debug("detected ROCM via HIP_PATH=" + hipPath)
-			return rocmTargetDir, setupLink(hipLibDir, rocmTargetDir)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Scan the library path for potential matches
-	ldPaths := strings.Split(os.Getenv("LD_LIBRARY_PATH"), ":")
-	for _, ldPath := range ldPaths {
-		d, err := filepath.Abs(ldPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if rocmLibUsable(d) {
-			return rocmTargetDir, setupLink(d, rocmTargetDir)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Well known location(s)
-	if rocmLibUsable("/opt/rocm/lib") {
-		return rocmTargetDir, setupLink("/opt/rocm/lib", rocmTargetDir)
+		return installedRocmDir, nil
 	}
 
 	// If we still haven't found a usable rocm, the user will have to install it on their own
@@ -384,68 +338,3 @@ func AMDDriverVersion() (string, error) {
 	}
 	return strings.TrimSpace(string(verString)), nil
 }
-
-func AMDGFXVersions() map[int]Version {
-	// The amdgpu driver always exposes the host CPU as node 0, but we have to skip that and subtract one
-	// from the other IDs to get alignment with the HIP libraries expectations (zero is the first GPU, not the CPU)
-	res := map[int]Version{}
-	matches, _ := filepath.Glob(GPUPropertiesFileGlob)
-	for _, match := range matches {
-		fp, err := os.Open(match)
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("failed to open sysfs node file %s: %s", match, err))
-			continue
-		}
-		defer fp.Close()
-		i, err := strconv.Atoi(filepath.Base(filepath.Dir(match)))
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("failed to parse node ID %s", err))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if i == 0 {
-			// Skipping the CPU
-			continue
-		}
-		// Align with HIP IDs (zero is first GPU, not CPU)
-		i -= 1
-
-		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fp)
-		for scanner.Scan() {
-			line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
-			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "gfx_target_version") {
-				ver := strings.Fields(line)
-				if len(ver) != 2 || len(ver[1]) < 5 {
-					if ver[1] != "0" {
-						slog.Debug("malformed " + line)
-					}
-					res[i] = Version{
-						Major: 0,
-						Minor: 0,
-						Patch: 0,
-					}
-					continue
-				}
-				l := len(ver[1])
-				patch, err1 := strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][l-2:l], 10, 32)
-				minor, err2 := strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][l-4:l-2], 10, 32)
-				major, err3 := strconv.ParseUint(ver[1][:l-4], 10, 32)
-				if err1 != nil || err2 != nil || err3 != nil {
-					slog.Debug("malformed int " + line)
-					continue
-				}
-
-				res[i] = Version{
-					Major: uint(major),
-					Minor: uint(minor),
-					Patch: uint(patch),
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return res
-}
-
-func (v Version) ToGFXString() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("gfx%d%d%d", v.Major, v.Minor, v.Patch)
-}

gpu/amd_windows.go

@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -22,36 +25,32 @@ var (
 	ROCmLibGlobs = []string{"hipblas.dll", "rocblas"} // TODO - probably include more coverage of files here...
 )
 
-func AMDGetGPUInfo(resp *GpuInfo) {
+func AMDGetGPUInfo() []GpuInfo {
+	resp := []GpuInfo{}
 	hl, err := NewHipLib()
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Debug(err.Error())
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 	defer hl.Release()
-	skip := map[int]interface{}{}
-	ids := []int{}
-	resp.memInfo.DeviceCount = 0
-	resp.memInfo.TotalMemory = 0
-	resp.memInfo.FreeMemory = 0
 
 	ver, err := hl.AMDDriverVersion()
 	if err == nil {
 		slog.Info("AMD Driver: " + ver)
 	} else {
 		// For now this is benign, but we may eventually need to fail compatibility checks
-		slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("error looking up amd driver version: %s", err))
+		slog.Debug("error looking up amd driver version", "error", err)
 	}
 
-	// Note: the HIP library automatically handles HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES
+	// Note: the HIP library automatically handles subsetting to any HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES the user specified
 	count := hl.HipGetDeviceCount()
 	if count == 0 {
-		return
+		return nil
 	}
 	libDir, err := AMDValidateLibDir()
 	if err != nil {
-		slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("unable to verify rocm library, will use cpu: %s", err))
-		return
+		slog.Warn("unable to verify rocm library, will use cpu", "error", err)
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	var supported []string
@@ -59,95 +58,120 @@ func AMDGetGPUInfo(resp *GpuInfo) {
 	if gfxOverride == "" {
 		supported, err = GetSupportedGFX(libDir)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("failed to lookup supported GFX types, falling back to CPU mode: %s", err))
-			return
+			slog.Warn("failed to lookup supported GFX types, falling back to CPU mode", "error", err)
+			return nil
 		}
 	} else {
 		slog.Debug("skipping rocm gfx compatibility check with HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION=" + gfxOverride)
 	}
 
-	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("detected %d hip devices", count))
+	slog.Info("detected hip devices", "count", count)
+	// TODO how to determine the underlying device ID when visible devices is causing this to subset?
 	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
-		ids = append(ids, i)
 		err = hl.HipSetDevice(i)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] %s", i, err))
-			skip[i] = struct{}{}
+			slog.Warn("set device", "id", i, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
 
 		props, err := hl.HipGetDeviceProperties(i)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] %s", i, err))
-			skip[i] = struct{}{}
+			slog.Warn("get properties", "id", i, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
 		n := bytes.IndexByte(props.Name[:], 0)
 		name := string(props.Name[:n])
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] Name: %s", i, name))
+		// TODO is UUID actually populated on windows?
+		// Can luid be used on windows for setting visible devices (and is it actually set?)
 		n = bytes.IndexByte(props.GcnArchName[:], 0)
 		gfx := string(props.GcnArchName[:n])
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] GcnArchName: %s", i, gfx))
+		slog.Info("hip device", "id", i, "name", name, "gfx", gfx)
+		var major, minor, patch string
+		switch len(gfx) {
+		case 6:
+			major, minor, patch = gfx[3:4], gfx[4:5], gfx[5:]
+		case 7:
+			major, minor, patch = gfx[3:5], gfx[5:6], gfx[6:]
+		}
 		//slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] Integrated: %d", i, props.iGPU)) // DOESN'T REPORT CORRECTLY!  Always 0
 		// TODO  Why isn't props.iGPU accurate!?
 		if strings.EqualFold(name, iGPUName) {
-			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("iGPU detected [%d] skipping", i))
-			skip[i] = struct{}{}
+			slog.Info("iGPU detected skipping", "id", i)
 			continue
 		}
 		if gfxOverride == "" {
 			if !slices.Contains[[]string, string](supported, gfx) {
-				slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%d] %s is not supported by %s %v", i, gfx, libDir, supported))
+				slog.Warn("amdgpu is not supported", "gpu", i, "gpu_type", gfx, "library", libDir, "supported_types", supported)
 				// TODO - consider discrete markdown just for ROCM troubleshooting?
 				slog.Warn("See https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/troubleshooting.md for HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION usage")
-				skip[i] = struct{}{}
 				continue
 			} else {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%d] %s is supported", i, gfx))
+				slog.Info("amdgpu is supported", "gpu", i, "gpu_type", gfx)
 			}
 		}
 
-		totalMemory, freeMemory, err := hl.HipMemGetInfo()
+		freeMemory, totalMemory, err := hl.HipMemGetInfo()
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] %s", i, err))
+			slog.Warn("get mem info", "id", i, "error", err)
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// TODO according to docs, freeMem may lie on windows!
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] Total Mem: %d", i, totalMemory))
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] Free Mem:  %d", i, freeMemory))
-		resp.memInfo.DeviceCount++
-		resp.memInfo.TotalMemory += totalMemory
-		resp.memInfo.FreeMemory += freeMemory
+		// iGPU detection, remove this check once we can support an iGPU variant of the rocm library
+		if totalMemory < IGPUMemLimit {
+			slog.Info("amdgpu appears to be an iGPU, skipping", "gpu", i, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// TODO revisit this once ROCm v6 is available on windows.
+		// v5.7 only reports VRAM used by this process, so it's completely wrong and unusable
+		slog.Info("amdgpu memory", "gpu", i, "total", format.HumanBytes2(totalMemory))
+		slog.Info("amdgpu memory", "gpu", i, "available", format.HumanBytes2(freeMemory))
+		gpuInfo := GpuInfo{
+			Library: "rocm",
+			memInfo: memInfo{
+				TotalMemory: totalMemory,
+				FreeMemory:  freeMemory,
+			},
+			ID:             fmt.Sprintf("%d", i), // TODO this is probably wrong if we specify visible devices
+			DependencyPath: libDir,
+			MinimumMemory:  rocmMinimumMemory,
+		}
+		if major != "" {
+			gpuInfo.Major, err = strconv.Atoi(major)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Info("failed to parse version", "version", gfx, "error", err)
+			}
+		}
+		if minor != "" {
+			gpuInfo.Minor, err = strconv.Atoi(minor)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Info("failed to parse version", "version", gfx, "error", err)
+			}
+		}
+		if patch != "" {
+			// Patch rev is hex; e.g. gfx90a
+			p, err := strconv.ParseInt(patch, 16, 0)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Info("failed to parse version", "version", gfx, "error", err)
+			} else {
+				gpuInfo.Patch = int(p)
+			}
+		}
+		if gpuInfo.Major < RocmComputeMin {
+			slog.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("amdgpu [%s] too old gfx%d%d%x", gpuInfo.ID, gpuInfo.Major, gpuInfo.Minor, gpuInfo.Patch))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		resp = append(resp, gpuInfo)
 	}
-	if resp.memInfo.DeviceCount > 0 {
-		resp.Library = "rocm"
-	}
-	// Abort if all GPUs are skipped
-	if len(skip) >= count {
-		slog.Info("all detected amdgpus are skipped, falling back to CPU")
-		return
-	}
-	if len(skip) > 0 {
-		amdSetVisibleDevices(ids, skip)
-	}
-	UpdatePath(libDir)
+
+	return resp
 }
 
 func AMDValidateLibDir() (string, error) {
-	// On windows non-admins typically can't create links
-	// so instead of trying to rely on rpath and a link in
-	// $LibDir/rocm, we instead rely on setting PATH to point
-	// to the location of the ROCm library
-
-	// Installer payload location if we're running the installed binary
-	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	libDir, err := commonAMDValidateLibDir()
 	if err == nil {
-		rocmTargetDir := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(exe), "rocm")
-		if rocmLibUsable(rocmTargetDir) {
-			slog.Debug("detected ROCM next to ollama executable " + rocmTargetDir)
-			return rocmTargetDir, nil
-		}
+		return libDir, nil
 	}
 
 	// Installer payload (if we're running from some other location)
@@ -159,21 +183,6 @@ func AMDValidateLibDir() (string, error) {
 		return rocmTargetDir, nil
 	}
 
-	// Prefer explicit HIP env var
-	hipPath := os.Getenv("HIP_PATH")
-	if hipPath != "" {
-		hipLibDir := filepath.Join(hipPath, "bin")
-		if rocmLibUsable(hipLibDir) {
-			slog.Debug("detected ROCM via HIP_PATH=" + hipPath)
-			return hipLibDir, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Well known location(s)
-	if rocmLibUsable(RocmStandardLocation) {
-		return RocmStandardLocation, nil
-	}
-
 	// Should not happen on windows since we include it in the installer, but stand-alone binary might hit this
 	slog.Warn("amdgpu detected, but no compatible rocm library found.  Please install ROCm")
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("no suitable rocm found, falling back to CPU")

gpu/assets.go

@@ -24,6 +24,35 @@ func PayloadsDir() (string, error) {
 	defer lock.Unlock()
 	var err error
 	if payloadsDir == "" {
+		runnersDir := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_RUNNERS_DIR")
+		// On Windows we do not carry the payloads inside the main executable
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && runnersDir == "" {
+			appExe, err := os.Executable()
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Error("failed to lookup executable path", "error", err)
+				return "", err
+			}
+			// Try a few variations to improve developer experience when building from source in the local tree
+			for _, d := range []string{".", "windows-" + runtime.GOARCH, "dist\\windows-" + runtime.GOARCH} {
+				candidate := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(appExe), d, "ollama_runners")
+				_, err := os.Stat(candidate)
+				if err == nil {
+					runnersDir = candidate
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if runnersDir == "" {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("unable to locate llm runner directory.  Set OLLAMA_RUNNERS_DIR to the location of 'ollama_runners'")
+				slog.Error("incomplete distribution", "error", err)
+				return "", err
+			}
+		}
+		if runnersDir != "" {
+			payloadsDir = runnersDir
+			return payloadsDir, nil
+		}
+
+		// The remainder only applies on non-windows where we still carry payloads in the main executable
 		cleanupTmpDirs()
 		tmpDir := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_TMPDIR")
 		if tmpDir == "" {
@@ -80,7 +109,7 @@ func cleanupTmpDirs() {
 		}
 		err = os.RemoveAll(d)
 		if err != nil {
-			slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("unable to cleanup stale tmpdir %s: %s", d, err))
+			slog.Debug("unable to cleanup stale tmpdir", "path", d, "error", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -88,7 +117,8 @@ func cleanupTmpDirs() {
 func Cleanup() {
 	lock.Lock()
 	defer lock.Unlock()
-	if payloadsDir != "" {
+	runnersDir := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_RUNNERS_DIR")
+	if payloadsDir != "" && runnersDir == "" && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
 		// We want to fully clean up the tmpdir parent of the payloads dir
 		tmpDir := filepath.Clean(filepath.Join(payloadsDir, ".."))
 		slog.Debug("cleaning up", "dir", tmpDir)
@@ -120,7 +150,7 @@ func UpdatePath(dir string) {
 			}
 		}
 		newPath := strings.Join(append([]string{dir}, pathComponents...), ";")
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Updating PATH to %s", newPath))
+		slog.Info("updating", "PATH", newPath)
 		os.Setenv("PATH", newPath)
 	}
 	// linux and darwin rely on rpath

gpu/cuda_common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//go:build linux || windows
+
+package gpu
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func cudaGetVisibleDevicesEnv(gpuInfo []GpuInfo) (string, string) {
+	ids := []string{}
+	for _, info := range gpuInfo {
+		if info.Library != "cuda" {
+			// TODO shouldn't happen if things are wired correctly...
+			slog.Debug("cudaGetVisibleDevicesEnv skipping over non-cuda device", "library", info.Library)
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, info.ID)
+	}
+	return "CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES", strings.Join(ids, ",")
+
+}

gpu/gpu.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"unsafe"
@@ -25,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 type handles struct {
-	nvml   *C.nvml_handle_t
-	cudart *C.cudart_handle_t
+	deviceCount int
+	cudart      *C.cudart_handle_t
 }
 
 const (
@@ -39,26 +38,10 @@ var gpuMutex sync.Mutex
 // With our current CUDA compile flags, older than 5.0 will not work properly
 var CudaComputeMin = [2]C.int{5, 0}
 
-// Possible locations for the nvidia-ml library
-var NvmlLinuxGlobs = []string{
-	"/usr/local/cuda/lib64/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/current/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/lib/wsl/lib/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/lib/wsl/drivers/*/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/opt/cuda/lib64/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/lib*/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/nvidia/current/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-	"/usr/local/lib*/libnvidia-ml.so*",
+var RocmComputeMin = 9
 
-	// TODO: are these stubs ever valid?
-	"/opt/cuda/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/stubs/libnvidia-ml.so*",
-}
-
-var NvmlWindowsGlobs = []string{
-	"c:\\Windows\\System32\\nvml.dll",
-}
+// TODO find a better way to detect iGPU instead of minimum memory
+const IGPUMemLimit = 1 * format.GibiByte // 512G is what they typically report, so anything less than 1G must be iGPU
 
 var CudartLinuxGlobs = []string{
 	"/usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudart.so*",
@@ -88,26 +71,18 @@ func initGPUHandles() *handles {
 
 	// TODO - if the ollama build is CPU only, don't do these checks as they're irrelevant and confusing
 
-	gpuHandles := &handles{nil, nil}
-	var nvmlMgmtName string
-	var nvmlMgmtPatterns []string
+	gpuHandles := &handles{}
 	var cudartMgmtName string
 	var cudartMgmtPatterns []string
 
 	tmpDir, _ := PayloadsDir()
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "windows":
-		nvmlMgmtName = "nvml.dll"
-		nvmlMgmtPatterns = make([]string, len(NvmlWindowsGlobs))
-		copy(nvmlMgmtPatterns, NvmlWindowsGlobs)
 		cudartMgmtName = "cudart64_*.dll"
 		localAppData := os.Getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")
 		cudartMgmtPatterns = []string{filepath.Join(localAppData, "Programs", "Ollama", cudartMgmtName)}
 		cudartMgmtPatterns = append(cudartMgmtPatterns, CudartWindowsGlobs...)
 	case "linux":
-		nvmlMgmtName = "libnvidia-ml.so"
-		nvmlMgmtPatterns = make([]string, len(NvmlLinuxGlobs))
-		copy(nvmlMgmtPatterns, NvmlLinuxGlobs)
 		cudartMgmtName = "libcudart.so*"
 		if tmpDir != "" {
 			// TODO - add "payloads" for subprocess
@@ -118,31 +93,21 @@ func initGPUHandles() *handles {
 		return gpuHandles
 	}
 
-	slog.Info("Detecting GPU type")
+	slog.Info("Detecting GPUs")
 	cudartLibPaths := FindGPULibs(cudartMgmtName, cudartMgmtPatterns)
 	if len(cudartLibPaths) > 0 {
-		cudart := LoadCUDARTMgmt(cudartLibPaths)
+		deviceCount, cudart, libPath := LoadCUDARTMgmt(cudartLibPaths)
 		if cudart != nil {
-			slog.Info("Nvidia GPU detected via cudart")
+			slog.Info("detected GPUs", "library", libPath, "count", deviceCount)
 			gpuHandles.cudart = cudart
-			return gpuHandles
-		}
-	}
-
-	// TODO once we build confidence, remove this and the gpu_info_nvml.[ch] files
-	nvmlLibPaths := FindGPULibs(nvmlMgmtName, nvmlMgmtPatterns)
-	if len(nvmlLibPaths) > 0 {
-		nvml := LoadNVMLMgmt(nvmlLibPaths)
-		if nvml != nil {
-			slog.Info("Nvidia GPU detected via nvidia-ml")
-			gpuHandles.nvml = nvml
+			gpuHandles.deviceCount = deviceCount
 			return gpuHandles
 		}
 	}
 	return gpuHandles
 }
 
-func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfo {
+func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
 	// TODO - consider exploring lspci (and equivalent on windows) to check for
 	// GPUs so we can report warnings if we see Nvidia/AMD but fail to load the libraries
 	gpuMutex.Lock()
@@ -150,9 +115,6 @@ func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfo {
 
 	gpuHandles := initGPUHandles()
 	defer func() {
-		if gpuHandles.nvml != nil {
-			C.nvml_release(*gpuHandles.nvml)
-		}
 		if gpuHandles.cudart != nil {
 			C.cudart_release(*gpuHandles.cudart)
 		}
@@ -165,72 +127,63 @@ func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfo {
 	}
 
 	var memInfo C.mem_info_t
-	resp := GpuInfo{}
-	if gpuHandles.nvml != nil && (cpuVariant != "" || runtime.GOARCH != "amd64") {
-		C.nvml_check_vram(*gpuHandles.nvml, &memInfo)
+	resp := []GpuInfo{}
+
+	// NVIDIA first
+	for i := 0; i < gpuHandles.deviceCount; i++ {
+		// TODO once we support CPU compilation variants of GPU libraries refine this...
+		if cpuVariant == "" && runtime.GOARCH == "amd64" {
+			continue
+		}
+		gpuInfo := GpuInfo{
+			Library: "cuda",
+		}
+		C.cudart_check_vram(*gpuHandles.cudart, C.int(i), &memInfo)
 		if memInfo.err != nil {
-			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[nvidia-ml] error looking up NVML GPU memory: %s", C.GoString(memInfo.err)))
+			slog.Info("error looking up nvidia GPU memory", "error", C.GoString(memInfo.err))
 			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(memInfo.err))
-		} else if memInfo.count > 0 {
-			// Verify minimum compute capability
-			var cc C.nvml_compute_capability_t
-			C.nvml_compute_capability(*gpuHandles.nvml, &cc)
-			if cc.err != nil {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[nvidia-ml] error looking up NVML GPU compute capability: %s", C.GoString(cc.err)))
-				C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cc.err))
-			} else if cc.major > CudaComputeMin[0] || (cc.major == CudaComputeMin[0] && cc.minor >= CudaComputeMin[1]) {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[nvidia-ml] NVML CUDA Compute Capability detected: %d.%d", cc.major, cc.minor))
-				resp.Library = "cuda"
-				resp.MinimumMemory = cudaMinimumMemory
-			} else {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[nvidia-ml] CUDA GPU is too old. Falling back to CPU mode. Compute Capability detected: %d.%d", cc.major, cc.minor))
-			}
+			continue
 		}
-	} else if gpuHandles.cudart != nil && (cpuVariant != "" || runtime.GOARCH != "amd64") {
-		C.cudart_check_vram(*gpuHandles.cudart, &memInfo)
-		if memInfo.err != nil {
-			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[cudart] error looking up CUDART GPU memory: %s", C.GoString(memInfo.err)))
-			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(memInfo.err))
-		} else if memInfo.count > 0 {
-			// Verify minimum compute capability
-			var cc C.cudart_compute_capability_t
-			C.cudart_compute_capability(*gpuHandles.cudart, &cc)
-			if cc.err != nil {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[cudart] error looking up CUDA compute capability: %s", C.GoString(cc.err)))
-				C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cc.err))
-			} else if cc.major > CudaComputeMin[0] || (cc.major == CudaComputeMin[0] && cc.minor >= CudaComputeMin[1]) {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[cudart] CUDART CUDA Compute Capability detected: %d.%d", cc.major, cc.minor))
-				resp.Library = "cuda"
-				resp.MinimumMemory = cudaMinimumMemory
-			} else {
-				slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[cudart] CUDA GPU is too old. Falling back to CPU mode. Compute Capability detected: %d.%d", cc.major, cc.minor))
-			}
+		if memInfo.major < CudaComputeMin[0] || (memInfo.major == CudaComputeMin[0] && memInfo.minor < CudaComputeMin[1]) {
+			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("[%d] CUDA GPU is too old. Compute Capability detected: %d.%d", i, memInfo.major, memInfo.minor))
+			continue
 		}
-	} else {
-		AMDGetGPUInfo(&resp)
-		if resp.Library != "" {
-			resp.MinimumMemory = rocmMinimumMemory
-			return resp
-		}
-	}
-	if resp.Library == "" {
-		C.cpu_check_ram(&memInfo)
-		resp.Library = "cpu"
-		resp.Variant = cpuVariant
-	}
-	if memInfo.err != nil {
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("error looking up CPU memory: %s", C.GoString(memInfo.err)))
-		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(memInfo.err))
-		return resp
+		gpuInfo.TotalMemory = uint64(memInfo.total)
+		gpuInfo.FreeMemory = uint64(memInfo.free)
+		gpuInfo.ID = C.GoString(&memInfo.gpu_id[0])
+		gpuInfo.Major = int(memInfo.major)
+		gpuInfo.Minor = int(memInfo.minor)
+		gpuInfo.MinimumMemory = cudaMinimumMemory
+
+		// TODO potentially sort on our own algorithm instead of what the underlying GPU library does...
+		resp = append(resp, gpuInfo)
+	}
+
+	// Then AMD
+	resp = append(resp, AMDGetGPUInfo()...)
+
+	if len(resp) == 0 {
+		C.cpu_check_ram(&memInfo)
+		if memInfo.err != nil {
+			slog.Info("error looking up CPU memory", "error", C.GoString(memInfo.err))
+			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(memInfo.err))
+			return resp
+		}
+		gpuInfo := GpuInfo{
+			Library: "cpu",
+			Variant: cpuVariant,
+		}
+		gpuInfo.TotalMemory = uint64(memInfo.total)
+		gpuInfo.FreeMemory = uint64(memInfo.free)
+		gpuInfo.ID = C.GoString(&memInfo.gpu_id[0])
+
+		resp = append(resp, gpuInfo)
 	}
 
-	resp.DeviceCount = uint32(memInfo.count)
-	resp.FreeMemory = uint64(memInfo.free)
-	resp.TotalMemory = uint64(memInfo.total)
 	return resp
 }
 
-func getCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
+func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	var ret memInfo
 	var info C.mem_info_t
 	C.cpu_check_ram(&info)
@@ -243,29 +196,11 @@ func getCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
-func CheckVRAM() (int64, error) {
-	userLimit := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM")
-	if userLimit != "" {
-		avail, err := strconv.ParseInt(userLimit, 10, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("Invalid OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM setting %s: %s", userLimit, err)
-		}
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("user override OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM=%d", avail))
-		return avail, nil
-	}
-	gpuInfo := GetGPUInfo()
-	if gpuInfo.FreeMemory > 0 && (gpuInfo.Library == "cuda" || gpuInfo.Library == "rocm") {
-		return int64(gpuInfo.FreeMemory), nil
-	}
-
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("no GPU detected") // TODO - better handling of CPU based memory determiniation
-}
-
 func FindGPULibs(baseLibName string, patterns []string) []string {
 	// Multiple GPU libraries may exist, and some may not work, so keep trying until we exhaust them
 	var ldPaths []string
 	gpuLibPaths := []string{}
-	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Searching for GPU management library %s", baseLibName))
+	slog.Debug("Searching for GPU library", "name", baseLibName)
 
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "windows":
@@ -283,7 +218,7 @@ func FindGPULibs(baseLibName string, patterns []string) []string {
 		}
 		patterns = append(patterns, filepath.Join(d, baseLibName+"*"))
 	}
-	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("gpu management search paths: %v", patterns))
+	slog.Debug("gpu library search", "globs", patterns)
 	for _, pattern := range patterns {
 		// Ignore glob discovery errors
 		matches, _ := filepath.Glob(pattern)
@@ -311,28 +246,11 @@ func FindGPULibs(baseLibName string, patterns []string) []string {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Discovered GPU libraries: %v", gpuLibPaths))
+	slog.Debug("discovered GPU libraries", "paths", gpuLibPaths)
 	return gpuLibPaths
 }
 
-func LoadNVMLMgmt(nvmlLibPaths []string) *C.nvml_handle_t {
-	var resp C.nvml_init_resp_t
-	resp.ch.verbose = getVerboseState()
-	for _, libPath := range nvmlLibPaths {
-		lib := C.CString(libPath)
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(lib))
-		C.nvml_init(lib, &resp)
-		if resp.err != nil {
-			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to load NVML management library %s: %s", libPath, C.GoString(resp.err)))
-			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(resp.err))
-		} else {
-			return &resp.ch
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func LoadCUDARTMgmt(cudartLibPaths []string) *C.cudart_handle_t {
+func LoadCUDARTMgmt(cudartLibPaths []string) (int, *C.cudart_handle_t, string) {
 	var resp C.cudart_init_resp_t
 	resp.ch.verbose = getVerboseState()
 	for _, libPath := range cudartLibPaths {
@@ -340,13 +258,13 @@ func LoadCUDARTMgmt(cudartLibPaths []string) *C.cudart_handle_t {
 		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(lib))
 		C.cudart_init(lib, &resp)
 		if resp.err != nil {
-			slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to load cudart CUDA management library %s: %s", libPath, C.GoString(resp.err)))
+			slog.Debug("Unable to load cudart", "library", libPath, "error", C.GoString(resp.err))
 			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(resp.err))
 		} else {
-			return &resp.ch
+			return int(resp.num_devices), &resp.ch, libPath
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+	return 0, nil, ""
 }
 
 func getVerboseState() C.uint16_t {
@@ -355,3 +273,22 @@ func getVerboseState() C.uint16_t {
 	}
 	return C.uint16_t(0)
 }
+
+// Given the list of GPUs this instantiation is targeted for,
+// figure out the visible devices environment variable
+//
+// If different libraries are detected, the first one is what we use
+func (l GpuInfoList) GetVisibleDevicesEnv() (string, string) {
+	if len(l) == 0 {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+	switch l[0].Library {
+	case "cuda":
+		return cudaGetVisibleDevicesEnv(l)
+	case "rocm":
+		return rocmGetVisibleDevicesEnv(l)
+	default:
+		slog.Debug("no filter required for library " + l[0].Library)
+		return "", ""
+	}
+}

gpu/gpu_darwin.go

@@ -9,52 +9,41 @@ package gpu
 */
 import "C"
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
-	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
 )
 
-// CheckVRAM returns the free VRAM in bytes on Linux machines with NVIDIA GPUs
-func CheckVRAM() (int64, error) {
-	userLimit := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM")
-	if userLimit != "" {
-		avail, err := strconv.ParseInt(userLimit, 10, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("Invalid OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM setting %s: %s", userLimit, err)
-		}
-		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("user override OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM=%d", avail))
-		return avail, nil
-	}
-
+func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfoList {
+	mem, _ := GetCPUMem()
 	if runtime.GOARCH == "amd64" {
-		// gpu not supported, this may not be metal
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	recommendedMaxVRAM := int64(C.getRecommendedMaxVRAM())
-	return recommendedMaxVRAM, nil
-}
-
-func GetGPUInfo() GpuInfo {
-	mem, _ := getCPUMem()
-	if runtime.GOARCH == "amd64" {
-		return GpuInfo{
-			Library: "cpu",
-			Variant: GetCPUVariant(),
-			memInfo: mem,
+		return []GpuInfo{
+			{
+				Library: "cpu",
+				Variant: GetCPUVariant(),
+				memInfo: mem,
+			},
 		}
 	}
-	return GpuInfo{
+	info := GpuInfo{
 		Library: "metal",
-		memInfo: mem,
+		ID:      "0",
 	}
+	info.TotalMemory = uint64(C.getRecommendedMaxVRAM())
+
+	// TODO is there a way to gather actual allocated video memory? (currentAllocatedSize doesn't work)
+	info.FreeMemory = info.TotalMemory
+
+	info.MinimumMemory = 0
+	return []GpuInfo{info}
 }
 
-func getCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
+func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	return memInfo{
-		TotalMemory: 0,
+		TotalMemory: uint64(C.getPhysicalMemory()),
 		FreeMemory:  0,
-		DeviceCount: 0,
 	}, nil
 }
+
+func (l GpuInfoList) GetVisibleDevicesEnv() (string, string) {
+	// No-op on darwin
+	return "", ""
+}

gpu/gpu_info.h

@@ -38,12 +38,17 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+#define GPU_ID_LEN 64
+
 typedef struct mem_info {
+  char *err;  // If non-nill, caller responsible for freeing
+  char gpu_id[GPU_ID_LEN];
   uint64_t total;
   uint64_t free;
-  unsigned int count;
-  int igpu_index; // If >= 0, we detected an integrated GPU to ignore
-  char *err;  // If non-nill, caller responsible for freeing
+
+  // Compute Capability
+  int major; 
+  int minor;
 } mem_info_t;
 
 void cpu_check_ram(mem_info_t *resp);
@@ -52,7 +57,6 @@ void cpu_check_ram(mem_info_t *resp);
 }
 #endif
 
-#include "gpu_info_nvml.h"
 #include "gpu_info_cudart.h"
 
 #endif  // __GPU_INFO_H__

gpu/gpu_info_cpu.c

@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ void cpu_check_ram(mem_info_t *resp) {
   MEMORYSTATUSEX info;
   info.dwLength = sizeof(info);
   if (GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&info) != 0) {
-    resp->count = 1;
     resp->total = info.ullTotalPhys;
     resp->free = info.ullAvailPhys;
+    resp->major = 0;
+    resp->minor = 0;
+    snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN, "0");
   } else {
     resp->err = LOAD_ERR();
   }
@@ -27,9 +29,11 @@ void cpu_check_ram(mem_info_t *resp) {
   if (sysinfo(&info) != 0) {
     resp->err = strdup(strerror(errno));
   } else {
-    resp->count = 1;
     resp->total = info.totalram * info.mem_unit;
     resp->free = info.freeram * info.mem_unit;
+    resp->major = 0;
+    resp->minor = 0;
+    snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN, "0");
   }
   return;
 }

gpu/gpu_info_cudart.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
   cudartReturn_t ret;
   resp->err = NULL;
+  resp->num_devices = 0;
   const int buflen = 256;
   char buf[buflen + 1];
   int i;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
       {"cudaGetDeviceCount", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaGetDeviceCount},
       {"cudaDeviceGetAttribute", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaDeviceGetAttribute},
       {"cudaDriverGetVersion", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaDriverGetVersion},
+      {"cudaGetDeviceProperties", (void *)&resp->ch.cudaGetDeviceProperties},
       {NULL, NULL},
   };
 
@@ -36,13 +38,7 @@ void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
     return;
   }
 
-  // TODO once we've squashed the remaining corner cases remove this log
-  LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "wiring cudart library functions in %s\n", cudart_lib_path);
-  
   for (i = 0; l[i].s != NULL; i++) {
-    // TODO once we've squashed the remaining corner cases remove this log
-    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "dlsym: %s\n", l[i].s);
-
     *l[i].p = LOAD_SYMBOL(resp->ch.handle, l[i].s);
     if (!l[i].p) {
       char *msg = LOAD_ERR();
@@ -63,7 +59,7 @@ void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
     UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
     resp->ch.handle = NULL;
     if (ret == CUDA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_DRIVER) {
-      resp->err = strdup("your nvidia driver is too old or missing, please upgrade to run ollama");
+      resp->err = strdup("your nvidia driver is too old or missing.  If you have a CUDA GPU please upgrade to run ollama");
       return;
     }
     snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart init failure: %d", ret);
@@ -85,110 +81,95 @@ void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp) {
     driverVersion.minor = (version - (driverVersion.major * 1000)) / 10;
     LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "CUDA driver version: %d-%d\n", driverVersion.major, driverVersion.minor);
   }
+
+  ret = (*resp->ch.cudaGetDeviceCount)(&resp->num_devices);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "cudaGetDeviceCount err: %d\n", ret);
+    UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
+    resp->ch.handle = NULL;
+    snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get device count: %d", ret);
+    resp->err = strdup(buf);
+    return;
+  }
 }
 
 
-void cudart_check_vram(cudart_handle_t h, mem_info_t *resp) {
+void cudart_check_vram(cudart_handle_t h, int i, mem_info_t *resp) {
   resp->err = NULL;
   cudartMemory_t memInfo = {0,0,0};
   cudartReturn_t ret;
   const int buflen = 256;
   char buf[buflen + 1];
-  int i;
 
   if (h.handle == NULL) {
     resp->err = strdup("cudart handle isn't initialized");
     return;
   }
 
-  // cudaGetDeviceCount takes int type, resp-> count is uint
-  int deviceCount;
-  ret = (*h.cudaGetDeviceCount)(&deviceCount);
+  ret = (*h.cudaSetDevice)(i);
   if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get device count: %d", ret);
+    snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart device failed to initialize");
     resp->err = strdup(buf);
     return;
+  }
+
+  cudaDeviceProp_t props;
+  ret = (*h.cudaGetDeviceProperties)(&props, i);
+  if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
+    LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] device properties lookup failure: %d\n", i, ret);
+    snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN, "%d", i);
+    resp->major = 0;
+    resp->minor = 0;
   } else {
-    resp->count = (unsigned int)deviceCount;
-  }
-
-  resp->total = 0;
-  resp->free = 0;
-  for (i = 0; i < resp-> count; i++) {  
-    ret = (*h.cudaSetDevice)(i);
-    if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart device failed to initialize");
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
+    int allNull = 1;
+    for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+      if (props.uuid.bytes[j] != 0) {
+        allNull = 0;
+        break;
+      }
     }
-    ret = (*h.cudaMemGetInfo)(&memInfo.free, &memInfo.total);
-    if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart device memory info lookup failure %d", ret);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
+    if (allNull != 0) {
+      snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN, "%d", i);
+    } else {
+      // GPU-d110a105-ac29-1d54-7b49-9c90440f215b
+      snprintf(&resp->gpu_id[0], GPU_ID_LEN,
+          "GPU-%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
+          props.uuid.bytes[0],
+          props.uuid.bytes[1],
+          props.uuid.bytes[2],
+          props.uuid.bytes[3],
+          props.uuid.bytes[4],
+          props.uuid.bytes[5],
+          props.uuid.bytes[6],
+          props.uuid.bytes[7],
+          props.uuid.bytes[8],
+          props.uuid.bytes[9],
+          props.uuid.bytes[10],
+          props.uuid.bytes[11],
+          props.uuid.bytes[12],
+          props.uuid.bytes[13],
+          props.uuid.bytes[14],
+          props.uuid.bytes[15]
+        );
     }
+    resp->major = props.major;
+    resp->minor = props.minor;
 
-    LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA totalMem %lu\n", i, memInfo.total);
-    LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA freeMem %lu\n", i, memInfo.free);
-
-    resp->total += memInfo.total;
-    resp->free += memInfo.free;
+    // TODO add other useful properties from props
   }
-}
-
-void cudart_compute_capability(cudart_handle_t h, cudart_compute_capability_t *resp) {
-  resp->err = NULL;
-  resp->major = 0;
-  resp->minor = 0;
-  int major = 0;
-  int minor = 0;
-  cudartReturn_t ret;
-  const int buflen = 256;
-  char buf[buflen + 1];
-  int i;
-
-  if (h.handle == NULL) {
-    resp->err = strdup("cudart handle not initialized");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  int devices;
-  ret = (*h.cudaGetDeviceCount)(&devices);
+  ret = (*h.cudaMemGetInfo)(&memInfo.free, &memInfo.total);
   if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get cudart device count: %d", ret);
+    snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart device memory info lookup failure %d", ret);
     resp->err = strdup(buf);
     return;
   }
 
-  for (i = 0; i < devices; i++) {
-    ret = (*h.cudaSetDevice)(i);
-    if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "cudart device failed to initialize");
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
+  resp->total = memInfo.total;
+  resp->free = memInfo.free;
 
-    ret = (*h.cudaDeviceGetAttribute)(&major, cudartDevAttrComputeCapabilityMajor, i);
-    if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "device compute capability lookup failure %d: %d", i, ret);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
-    ret = (*h.cudaDeviceGetAttribute)(&minor, cudartDevAttrComputeCapabilityMinor, i);
-    if (ret != CUDART_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "device compute capability lookup failure %d: %d", i, ret);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
-      
-    // Report the lowest major.minor we detect as that limits our compatibility
-    if (resp->major == 0 || resp->major > major ) {
-      resp->major = major;
-      resp->minor = minor;
-    } else if ( resp->major == major && resp->minor > minor ) {
-      resp->minor = minor;
-    }
-  }
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA totalMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->total);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] CUDA freeMem %lu\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->free);
+  LOG(h.verbose, "[%s] Compute Capability %d.%d\n", resp->gpu_id, resp->major, resp->minor);
 }
 
 void cudart_release(cudart_handle_t h) {

gpu/gpu_info_cudart.h

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 // Just enough typedef's to dlopen/dlsym for memory information
 typedef enum cudartReturn_enum {
   CUDART_SUCCESS = 0,
-  CUDART_UNSUPPORTED = 1,
+  CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE = 1,
+  CUDA_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION = 2,
   CUDA_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_DRIVER = 35,
   // Other values omitted for now...
 } cudartReturn_t;
@@ -14,6 +15,11 @@ typedef enum cudartReturn_enum {
 typedef enum cudartDeviceAttr_enum {
   cudartDevAttrComputeCapabilityMajor = 75,
   cudartDevAttrComputeCapabilityMinor = 76,
+
+  // TODO - not yet wired up but may be useful for Jetson or other
+  // integrated GPU scenarios with shared memory
+  cudaDevAttrIntegrated = 18
+
 } cudartDeviceAttr_t;
 
 typedef void *cudartDevice_t;  // Opaque is sufficient
@@ -28,6 +34,92 @@ typedef struct cudartDriverVersion {
   int minor;
 } cudartDriverVersion_t;
 
+typedef struct cudaUUID {
+    unsigned char bytes[16];
+} cudaUUID_t;
+typedef struct cudaDeviceProp {
+    char         name[256];                  /**< ASCII string identifying device */
+    cudaUUID_t   uuid;                       /**< 16-byte unique identifier */
+    char         luid[8];                    /**< 8-byte locally unique identifier. Value is undefined on TCC and non-Windows platforms */
+    unsigned int luidDeviceNodeMask;         /**< LUID device node mask. Value is undefined on TCC and non-Windows platforms */
+    size_t       totalGlobalMem;             /**< Global memory available on device in bytes */
+    size_t       sharedMemPerBlock;          /**< Shared memory available per block in bytes */
+    int          regsPerBlock;               /**< 32-bit registers available per block */
+    int          warpSize;                   /**< Warp size in threads */
+    size_t       memPitch;                   /**< Maximum pitch in bytes allowed by memory copies */
+    int          maxThreadsPerBlock;         /**< Maximum number of threads per block */
+    int          maxThreadsDim[3];           /**< Maximum size of each dimension of a block */
+    int          maxGridSize[3];             /**< Maximum size of each dimension of a grid */
+    int          clockRate;                  /**< Clock frequency in kilohertz */
+    size_t       totalConstMem;              /**< Constant memory available on device in bytes */
+    int          major;                      /**< Major compute capability */
+    int          minor;                      /**< Minor compute capability */
+    size_t       textureAlignment;           /**< Alignment requirement for textures */
+    size_t       texturePitchAlignment;      /**< Pitch alignment requirement for texture references bound to pitched memory */
+    int          deviceOverlap;              /**< Device can concurrently copy memory and execute a kernel. Deprecated. Use instead asyncEngineCount. */
+    int          multiProcessorCount;        /**< Number of multiprocessors on device */
+    int          kernelExecTimeoutEnabled;   /**< Specified whether there is a run time limit on kernels */
+    int          integrated;                 /**< Device is integrated as opposed to discrete */
+    int          canMapHostMemory;           /**< Device can map host memory with cudaHostAlloc/cudaHostGetDevicePointer */
+    int          computeMode;                /**< Compute mode (See ::cudaComputeMode) */
+    int          maxTexture1D;               /**< Maximum 1D texture size */
+    int          maxTexture1DMipmap;         /**< Maximum 1D mipmapped texture size */
+    int          maxTexture1DLinear;         /**< Deprecated, do not use. Use cudaDeviceGetTexture1DLinearMaxWidth() or cuDeviceGetTexture1DLinearMaxWidth() instead. */
+    int          maxTexture2D[2];            /**< Maximum 2D texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture2DMipmap[2];      /**< Maximum 2D mipmapped texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture2DLinear[3];      /**< Maximum dimensions (width, height, pitch) for 2D textures bound to pitched memory */
+    int          maxTexture2DGather[2];      /**< Maximum 2D texture dimensions if texture gather operations have to be performed */
+    int          maxTexture3D[3];            /**< Maximum 3D texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture3DAlt[3];         /**< Maximum alternate 3D texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTextureCubemap;          /**< Maximum Cubemap texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture1DLayered[2];     /**< Maximum 1D layered texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTexture2DLayered[3];     /**< Maximum 2D layered texture dimensions */
+    int          maxTextureCubemapLayered[2];/**< Maximum Cubemap layered texture dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface1D;               /**< Maximum 1D surface size */
+    int          maxSurface2D[2];            /**< Maximum 2D surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface3D[3];            /**< Maximum 3D surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface1DLayered[2];     /**< Maximum 1D layered surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurface2DLayered[3];     /**< Maximum 2D layered surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurfaceCubemap;          /**< Maximum Cubemap surface dimensions */
+    int          maxSurfaceCubemapLayered[2];/**< Maximum Cubemap layered surface dimensions */
+    size_t       surfaceAlignment;           /**< Alignment requirements for surfaces */
+    int          concurrentKernels;          /**< Device can possibly execute multiple kernels concurrently */
+    int          ECCEnabled;                 /**< Device has ECC support enabled */
+    int          pciBusID;                   /**< PCI bus ID of the device */
+    int          pciDeviceID;                /**< PCI device ID of the device */
+    int          pciDomainID;                /**< PCI domain ID of the device */
+    int          tccDriver;                  /**< 1 if device is a Tesla device using TCC driver, 0 otherwise */
+    int          asyncEngineCount;           /**< Number of asynchronous engines */
+    int          unifiedAddressing;          /**< Device shares a unified address space with the host */
+    int          memoryClockRate;            /**< Peak memory clock frequency in kilohertz */
+    int          memoryBusWidth;             /**< Global memory bus width in bits */
+    int          l2CacheSize;                /**< Size of L2 cache in bytes */
+    int          persistingL2CacheMaxSize;   /**< Device's maximum l2 persisting lines capacity setting in bytes */
+    int          maxThreadsPerMultiProcessor;/**< Maximum resident threads per multiprocessor */
+    int          streamPrioritiesSupported;  /**< Device supports stream priorities */
+    int          globalL1CacheSupported;     /**< Device supports caching globals in L1 */
+    int          localL1CacheSupported;      /**< Device supports caching locals in L1 */
+    size_t       sharedMemPerMultiprocessor; /**< Shared memory available per multiprocessor in bytes */
+    int          regsPerMultiprocessor;      /**< 32-bit registers available per multiprocessor */
+    int          managedMemory;              /**< Device supports allocating managed memory on this system */
+    int          isMultiGpuBoard;            /**< Device is on a multi-GPU board */
+    int          multiGpuBoardGroupID;       /**< Unique identifier for a group of devices on the same multi-GPU board */
+    int          hostNativeAtomicSupported;  /**< Link between the device and the host supports native atomic operations */
+    int          singleToDoublePrecisionPerfRatio; /**< Ratio of single precision performance (in floating-point operations per second) to double precision performance */
+    int          pageableMemoryAccess;       /**< Device supports coherently accessing pageable memory without calling cudaHostRegister on it */
+    int          concurrentManagedAccess;    /**< Device can coherently access managed memory concurrently with the CPU */
+    int          computePreemptionSupported; /**< Device supports Compute Preemption */
+    int          canUseHostPointerForRegisteredMem; /**< Device can access host registered memory at the same virtual address as the CPU */
+    int          cooperativeLaunch;          /**< Device supports launching cooperative kernels via ::cudaLaunchCooperativeKernel */
+    int          cooperativeMultiDeviceLaunch; /**< Deprecated, cudaLaunchCooperativeKernelMultiDevice is deprecated. */
+    size_t       sharedMemPerBlockOptin;     /**< Per device maximum shared memory per block usable by special opt in */
+    int          pageableMemoryAccessUsesHostPageTables; /**< Device accesses pageable memory via the host's page tables */
+    int          directManagedMemAccessFromHost; /**< Host can directly access managed memory on the device without migration. */
+    int          maxBlocksPerMultiProcessor; /**< Maximum number of resident blocks per multiprocessor */
+    int          accessPolicyMaxWindowSize;  /**< The maximum value of ::cudaAccessPolicyWindow::num_bytes. */
+    size_t       reservedSharedMemPerBlock;  /**< Shared memory reserved by CUDA driver per block in bytes */
+  } cudaDeviceProp_t;
+
 typedef struct cudart_handle {
   void *handle;
   uint16_t verbose;
@@ -38,23 +130,17 @@ typedef struct cudart_handle {
   cudartReturn_t (*cudaGetDeviceCount)(int *);
   cudartReturn_t (*cudaDeviceGetAttribute)(int* value, cudartDeviceAttr_t attr, int device);
   cudartReturn_t (*cudaDriverGetVersion) (int *driverVersion);
+  cudartReturn_t (*cudaGetDeviceProperties) (cudaDeviceProp_t* prop, int device);
 } cudart_handle_t;
 
 typedef struct cudart_init_resp {
   char *err;  // If err is non-null handle is invalid
   cudart_handle_t ch;
+  int num_devices;
 } cudart_init_resp_t;
 
-typedef struct cudart_compute_capability {
-  char *err;
-  int major;
-  int minor;
-} cudart_compute_capability_t;
-
-
 void cudart_init(char *cudart_lib_path, cudart_init_resp_t *resp);
-void cudart_check_vram(cudart_handle_t ch, mem_info_t *resp);
-void cudart_compute_capability(cudart_handle_t th, cudart_compute_capability_t *cc);
+void cudart_check_vram(cudart_handle_t ch, int device_id, mem_info_t *resp);
 void cudart_release(cudart_handle_t ch);
 
 #endif  // __GPU_INFO_CUDART_H__

gpu/gpu_info_darwin.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 #import <Metal/Metal.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 uint64_t getRecommendedMaxVRAM();
+uint64_t getPhysicalMemory();

gpu/gpu_info_darwin.m

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-//go:build darwin
+// go:build darwin
 #include "gpu_info_darwin.h"
 
-uint64_t getRecommendedMaxVRAM()
-{
-	id<MTLDevice> device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
-	uint64_t result = device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize;
-	CFRelease(device);
-	return result;
+uint64_t getRecommendedMaxVRAM() {
+  id<MTLDevice> device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
+  uint64_t result = device.recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize;
+  CFRelease(device);
+  return result;
 }
 
+uint64_t getPhysicalMemory() {
+  return [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] physicalMemory];
+}

gpu/gpu_info_nvml.c

@@ -1,221 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __APPLE__  // TODO - maybe consider nvidia support on intel macs?
-
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "gpu_info_nvml.h"
-
-void nvml_init(char *nvml_lib_path, nvml_init_resp_t *resp) {
-  nvmlReturn_t ret;
-  resp->err = NULL;
-  const int buflen = 256;
-  char buf[buflen + 1];
-  int i;
-
-  struct lookup {
-    char *s;
-    void **p;
-  } l[] = {
-      {"nvmlInit_v2", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlInit_v2},
-      {"nvmlShutdown", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlShutdown},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetCudaComputeCapability", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetCudaComputeCapability},
-      {"nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetName", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetName},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetSerial", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetSerial},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetVbiosVersion", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetVbiosVersion},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetBoardPartNumber", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetBoardPartNumber},
-      {"nvmlDeviceGetBrand", (void *)&resp->ch.nvmlDeviceGetBrand},
-      {NULL, NULL},
-  };
-
-  resp->ch.handle = LOAD_LIBRARY(nvml_lib_path, RTLD_LAZY);
-  if (!resp->ch.handle) {
-    char *msg = LOAD_ERR();
-    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "library %s load err: %s\n", nvml_lib_path, msg);
-    snprintf(buf, buflen,
-             "Unable to load %s library to query for Nvidia GPUs: %s",
-             nvml_lib_path, msg);
-    free(msg);
-    resp->err = strdup(buf);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // TODO once we've squashed the remaining corner cases remove this log
-  LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "wiring nvidia management library functions in %s\n", nvml_lib_path);
-  
-  for (i = 0; l[i].s != NULL; i++) {
-    // TODO once we've squashed the remaining corner cases remove this log
-    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "dlsym: %s\n", l[i].s);
-
-    *l[i].p = LOAD_SYMBOL(resp->ch.handle, l[i].s);
-    if (!l[i].p) {
-      resp->ch.handle = NULL;
-      char *msg = LOAD_ERR();
-      LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "dlerr: %s\n", msg);
-      UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "symbol lookup for %s failed: %s", l[i].s,
-               msg);
-      free(msg);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  ret = (*resp->ch.nvmlInit_v2)();
-  if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "nvmlInit_v2 err: %d\n", ret);
-    UNLOAD_LIBRARY(resp->ch.handle);
-    resp->ch.handle = NULL;
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "nvml vram init failure: %d", ret);
-    resp->err = strdup(buf);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Report driver version if we're in verbose mode, ignore errors
-  ret = (*resp->ch.nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion)(buf, buflen);
-  if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion failed: %d\n", ret);
-  } else {
-    LOG(resp->ch.verbose, "CUDA driver version: %s\n", buf);
-  }
-}
-
-void nvml_check_vram(nvml_handle_t h, mem_info_t *resp) {
-  resp->err = NULL;
-  nvmlDevice_t device;
-  nvmlMemory_t memInfo = {0};
-  nvmlReturn_t ret;
-  const int buflen = 256;
-  char buf[buflen + 1];
-  int i;
-
-  if (h.handle == NULL) {
-    resp->err = strdup("nvml handle isn't initialized");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2)(&resp->count);
-  if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get device count: %d", ret);
-    resp->err = strdup(buf);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  resp->total = 0;
-  resp->free = 0;
-  for (i = 0; i < resp->count; i++) {
-    ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex)(i, &device);
-    if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get device handle %d: %d", i, ret);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo)(device, &memInfo);
-    if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "device memory info lookup failure %d: %d", i, ret);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (h.verbose) {
-      nvmlBrandType_t brand = 0;
-      // When in verbose mode, report more information about
-      // the card we discover, but don't fail on error
-      ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetName)(device, buf, buflen);
-      if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "nvmlDeviceGetName failed: %d\n", ret);
-      } else {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA device name: %s\n", i, buf);
-      }
-      ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetBoardPartNumber)(device, buf, buflen);
-      if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "nvmlDeviceGetBoardPartNumber failed: %d\n", ret);
-      } else {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA part number: %s\n", i, buf);
-      }
-      ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetSerial)(device, buf, buflen);
-      if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "nvmlDeviceGetSerial failed: %d\n", ret);
-      } else {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA S/N: %s\n", i, buf);
-      }
-      ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetVbiosVersion)(device, buf, buflen);
-      if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "nvmlDeviceGetVbiosVersion failed: %d\n", ret);
-      } else {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA vbios version: %s\n", i, buf);
-      }
-      ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetBrand)(device, &brand);
-      if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "nvmlDeviceGetBrand failed: %d\n", ret);
-      } else {
-        LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA brand: %d\n", i, brand);
-      }
-    }
-
-    LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA totalMem %ld\n", i, memInfo.total);
-    LOG(h.verbose, "[%d] CUDA freeMem %ld\n", i, memInfo.free);
-
-    resp->total += memInfo.total;
-    resp->free += memInfo.free;
-  }
-}
-
-void nvml_compute_capability(nvml_handle_t h, nvml_compute_capability_t *resp) {
-  resp->err = NULL;
-  resp->major = 0;
-  resp->minor = 0;
-  nvmlDevice_t device;
-  int major = 0;
-  int minor = 0;
-  nvmlReturn_t ret;
-  const int buflen = 256;
-  char buf[buflen + 1];
-  int i;
-
-  if (h.handle == NULL) {
-    resp->err = strdup("nvml handle not initialized");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  unsigned int devices;
-  ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2)(&devices);
-  if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-    snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get device count: %d", ret);
-    resp->err = strdup(buf);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  for (i = 0; i < devices; i++) {
-    ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex)(i, &device);
-    if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "unable to get device handle %d: %d", i, ret);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    ret = (*h.nvmlDeviceGetCudaComputeCapability)(device, &major, &minor);
-    if (ret != NVML_SUCCESS) {
-      snprintf(buf, buflen, "device compute capability lookup failure %d: %d", i, ret);
-      resp->err = strdup(buf);
-      return;
-    }
-    // Report the lowest major.minor we detect as that limits our compatibility
-    if (resp->major == 0 || resp->major > major ) {
-      resp->major = major;
-      resp->minor = minor;
-    } else if ( resp->major == major && resp->minor > minor ) {
-      resp->minor = minor;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void nvml_release(nvml_handle_t h) {
-  LOG(h.verbose, "releasing nvml library\n");
-  UNLOAD_LIBRARY(h.handle);
-  h.handle = NULL;
-}
-
-#endif  // __APPLE__

gpu/gpu_info_nvml.h

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __APPLE__
-#ifndef __GPU_INFO_NVML_H__
-#define __GPU_INFO_NVML_H__
-#include "gpu_info.h"
-
-// Just enough typedef's to dlopen/dlsym for memory information
-typedef enum nvmlReturn_enum {
-  NVML_SUCCESS = 0,
-  // Other values omitted for now...
-} nvmlReturn_t;
-typedef void *nvmlDevice_t;  // Opaque is sufficient
-typedef struct nvmlMemory_st {
-  unsigned long long total;
-  unsigned long long free;
-  unsigned long long used;
-} nvmlMemory_t;
-
-typedef enum nvmlBrandType_enum
-{
-    NVML_BRAND_UNKNOWN          = 0,
-} nvmlBrandType_t;
-
-typedef struct nvml_handle {
-  void *handle;
-  uint16_t verbose;
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlInit_v2)(void);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlShutdown)(void);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex)(unsigned int, nvmlDevice_t *);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo)(nvmlDevice_t, nvmlMemory_t *);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetCount_v2)(unsigned int *);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetCudaComputeCapability)(nvmlDevice_t, int* major, int* minor);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion) (char* version, unsigned int  length);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetName) (nvmlDevice_t device, char* name, unsigned int  length);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetSerial) (nvmlDevice_t device, char* serial, unsigned int  length);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetVbiosVersion) (nvmlDevice_t device, char* version, unsigned int  length);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetBoardPartNumber) (nvmlDevice_t device, char* partNumber, unsigned int  length);
-  nvmlReturn_t (*nvmlDeviceGetBrand) (nvmlDevice_t device, nvmlBrandType_t* type);
-} nvml_handle_t;
-
-typedef struct nvml_init_resp {
-  char *err;  // If err is non-null handle is invalid
-  nvml_handle_t ch;
-} nvml_init_resp_t;
-
-typedef struct nvml_compute_capability {
-  char *err;
-  int major;
-  int minor;
-} nvml_compute_capability_t;
-
-void nvml_init(char *nvml_lib_path, nvml_init_resp_t *resp);
-void nvml_check_vram(nvml_handle_t ch, mem_info_t *resp);
-void nvml_compute_capability(nvml_handle_t ch, nvml_compute_capability_t *cc);
-void nvml_release(nvml_handle_t ch);
-
-#endif  // __GPU_INFO_NVML_H__
-#endif  // __APPLE__

gpu/gpu_test.go

@@ -9,23 +9,16 @@ import (
 
 func TestBasicGetGPUInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	info := GetGPUInfo()
-	assert.Contains(t, "cuda rocm cpu metal", info.Library)
-
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "darwin":
-		// TODO - remove this once MacOS returns some size for CPU
-		return
-	case "linux", "windows":
-		assert.Greater(t, info.TotalMemory, uint64(0))
-		assert.Greater(t, info.FreeMemory, uint64(0))
-		assert.Greater(t, info.DeviceCount, uint32(0))
-	default:
-		return
+	assert.Greater(t, len(info), 0)
+	assert.Contains(t, "cuda rocm cpu metal", info[0].Library)
+	if info[0].Library != "cpu" {
+		assert.Greater(t, info[0].TotalMemory, uint64(0))
+		assert.Greater(t, info[0].FreeMemory, uint64(0))
 	}
 }
 
 func TestCPUMemInfo(t *testing.T) {
-	info, err := getCPUMem()
+	info, err := GetCPUMem()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "darwin":

gpu/types.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package gpu
 type memInfo struct {
 	TotalMemory uint64 `json:"total_memory,omitempty"`
 	FreeMemory  uint64 `json:"free_memory,omitempty"`
-	DeviceCount uint32 `json:"device_count,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Beginning of an `ollama info` command
@@ -15,13 +14,51 @@ type GpuInfo struct {
 	Variant string `json:"variant,omitempty"`
 
 	// MinimumMemory represents the minimum memory required to use the GPU
-	MinimumMemory int64 `json:"-"`
+	MinimumMemory uint64 `json:"-"`
 
-	// TODO add other useful attributes about the card here for discovery information
+	// Any extra PATH/LD_LIBRARY_PATH dependencies required for the Library to operate properly
+	DependencyPath string `json:"lib_path,omitempty"`
+
+	// GPU information
+	ID    string `json:"gpu_id"`          // string to use for selection of this specific GPU
+	Name  string `json:"name"`            // user friendly name if available
+	Major int    `json:"major,omitempty"` // Major compatibility version (CC or gfx)
+	Minor int    `json:"minor,omitempty"` // Minor compatibility version (CC or gfx)
+	Patch int    `json:"patch,omitempty"` // Patch compatibility only matters on AMD
+
+	// TODO other performance capability info to help in scheduling decisions
 }
 
-type Version struct {
-	Major uint
-	Minor uint
-	Patch uint
+type GpuInfoList []GpuInfo
+
+// Split up the set of gpu info's by Library and variant
+func (l GpuInfoList) ByLibrary() []GpuInfoList {
+	resp := []GpuInfoList{}
+	libs := []string{}
+	for _, info := range l {
+		found := false
+		requested := info.Library
+		if info.Variant != "" {
+			requested += "_" + info.Variant
+		}
+		for i, lib := range libs {
+			if lib == requested {
+				resp[i] = append(resp[i], info)
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			libs = append(libs, info.Library)
+			resp = append(resp, []GpuInfo{info})
+		}
+	}
+	return resp
 }
+
+// Sort by Free Space
+type ByFreeMemory []GpuInfo
+
+func (a ByFreeMemory) Len() int           { return len(a) }
+func (a ByFreeMemory) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a ByFreeMemory) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].FreeMemory < a[j].FreeMemory }

integration/basic_test.go

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ package integration
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net/http"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestOrcaMiniBlueSky(t *testing.T) {
@@ -24,5 +27,44 @@ func TestOrcaMiniBlueSky(t *testing.T) {
 			"seed":        123,
 		},
 	}
-	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, &http.Client{}, req, []string{"rayleigh", "scattering"})
+	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req, []string{"rayleigh", "scattering"})
+}
+
+func TestUnicodeModelDir(t *testing.T) {
+	// This is only useful for Windows with utf-16 characters, so skip this test for other platforms
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Unicode test only applicable to windows")
+	}
+	// Only works for local testing
+	if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_TEST_EXISTING") != "" {
+		t.Skip("TestUnicodeModelDir only works for local testing, skipping")
+	}
+
+	modelDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "ollama_埃")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(modelDir)
+	slog.Info("unicode", "OLLAMA_MODELS", modelDir)
+
+	oldModelsDir := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MODELS")
+	if oldModelsDir == "" {
+		defer os.Unsetenv("OLLAMA_MODELS")
+	} else {
+		defer os.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", oldModelsDir)
+	}
+	err = os.Setenv("OLLAMA_MODELS", modelDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	req := api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:  "orca-mini",
+		Prompt: "why is the sky blue?",
+		Stream: &stream,
+		Options: map[string]interface{}{
+			"temperature": 0,
+			"seed":        123,
+		},
+	}
+	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req, []string{"rayleigh", "scattering"})
 }

integration/concurrency_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestMultiModelConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		req = [2]api.GenerateRequest{
+			{
+				Model:  "orca-mini",
+				Prompt: "why is the ocean blue?",
+				Stream: &stream,
+				Options: map[string]interface{}{
+					"seed":        42,
+					"temperature": 0.0,
+				},
+			}, {
+				Model:  "tinydolphin",
+				Prompt: "what is the origin of the us thanksgiving holiday?",
+				Stream: &stream,
+				Options: map[string]interface{}{
+					"seed":        42,
+					"temperature": 0.0,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		resp = [2][]string{
+			[]string{"sunlight"},
+			[]string{"england", "english", "massachusetts", "pilgrims"},
+		}
+	)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(len(req))
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*120)
+	defer cancel()
+	for i := 0; i < len(req); i++ {
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req[i], resp[i])
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestIntegrationConcurrentPredictOrcaMini(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Minute) // GTX 750 2G card takes ~9 minutes
+	defer cancel()
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	req, resp := GenerateRequests()
+	// Get the server running (if applicable) warm the model up with a single initial request
+	DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req[0], resp[0], 60*time.Second, 5*time.Second)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(len(req))
+	for i := 0; i < len(req); i++ {
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
+				slog.Info("Starting", "req", i, "iter", j)
+				// On slower GPUs it can take a while to process the 4 concurrent requests
+				// so we allow a much longer initial timeout
+				DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req[i], resp[i], 90*time.Second, 5*time.Second)
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+// Stress the system if we know how much VRAM it has, and attempt to load more models than will fit
+func TestMultiModelStress(t *testing.T) {
+	vram := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM")
+	if vram == "" {
+		t.Skip("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM not specified, can't pick the right models for the stress test")
+	}
+	max, err := strconv.ParseUint(vram, 10, 64)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	const MB = uint64(1024 * 1024)
+	type model struct {
+		name string
+		size uint64 // Approximate amount of VRAM they typically use when fully loaded in VRAM
+	}
+
+	smallModels := []model{
+		{
+			name: "orca-mini",
+			size: 2992 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "phi",
+			size: 2616 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gemma:2b",
+			size: 2364 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "stable-code:3b",
+			size: 2608 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "starcoder2:3b",
+			size: 2166 * MB,
+		},
+	}
+	mediumModels := []model{
+		{
+			name: "llama2",
+			size: 5118 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "mistral",
+			size: 4620 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "orca-mini:7b",
+			size: 5118 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "dolphin-mistral",
+			size: 4620 * MB,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "gemma:7b",
+			size: 5000 * MB,
+		},
+		// TODO - uncomment this once #3565 is merged and this is rebased on it
+		// {
+		// 	name: "codellama:7b",
+		// 	size: 5118 * MB,
+		// },
+	}
+
+	// These seem to be too slow to be useful...
+	// largeModels := []model{
+	// 	{
+	// 		name: "llama2:13b",
+	// 		size: 7400 * MB,
+	// 	},
+	// 	{
+	// 		name: "codellama:13b",
+	// 		size: 7400 * MB,
+	// 	},
+	// 	{
+	// 		name: "orca-mini:13b",
+	// 		size: 7400 * MB,
+	// 	},
+	// 	{
+	// 		name: "gemma:7b",
+	// 		size: 5000 * MB,
+	// 	},
+	// 	{
+	// 		name: "starcoder2:15b",
+	// 		size: 9100 * MB,
+	// 	},
+	// }
+
+	var chosenModels []model
+	switch {
+	case max < 10000*MB:
+		slog.Info("selecting small models")
+		chosenModels = smallModels
+	// case max < 30000*MB:
+	default:
+		slog.Info("selecting medium models")
+		chosenModels = mediumModels
+		// default:
+		// 	slog.Info("selecting large models")
+		// 	chosenModels = largModels
+	}
+
+	req, resp := GenerateRequests()
+
+	for i := range req {
+		if i > len(chosenModels) {
+			break
+		}
+		req[i].Model = chosenModels[i].name
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute) // TODO baseline -- 10m too short
+	defer cancel()
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Make sure all the models are pulled before we get started
+	for _, r := range req {
+		require.NoError(t, PullIfMissing(ctx, client, r.Model))
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	consumed := uint64(256 * MB) // Assume some baseline usage
+	for i := 0; i < len(req); i++ {
+		// Always get at least 2 models, but dont' overshoot VRAM too much or we'll take too long
+		if i > 1 && consumed > max {
+			slog.Info("achieved target vram exhaustion", "count", i, "vramMB", max/1024/1024, "modelsMB", consumed/1024/1024)
+			break
+		}
+		consumed += chosenModels[i].size
+		slog.Info("target vram", "count", i, "vramMB", max/1024/1024, "modelsMB", consumed/1024/1024)
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
+				slog.Info("Starting", "req", i, "iter", j, "model", req[i].Model)
+				DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, req[i], resp[i], 90*time.Second, 5*time.Second)
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}

integration/context_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ package integration
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -25,5 +24,5 @@ func TestContextExhaustion(t *testing.T) {
 			"num_ctx":     128,
 		},
 	}
-	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, &http.Client{}, req, []string{"once", "upon", "lived"})
+	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req, []string{"once", "upon", "lived"})
 }

integration/llm_image_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ package integration
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"net/http"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -29,10 +28,11 @@ func TestIntegrationMultimodal(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	resp := "the ollamas"
+	// Note: sometimes it returns "the ollamas" sometimes "the ollams"
+	resp := "the ollam"
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
-	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, &http.Client{}, req, []string{resp})
+	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req, []string{resp})
 }
 
 const imageEncoding = `iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAANIAAAB4CAYAAACHHqzKAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAIRlWElmTU0AKgAAAAgABQESAAMAAAABAAEAAAEaAAUAAAABAAAASgEb

integration/llm_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ package integration
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -45,25 +43,5 @@ var (
 func TestIntegrationSimpleOrcaMini(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*120)
 	defer cancel()
-	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, &http.Client{}, req[0], resp[0])
+	GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, req[0], resp[0])
 }
-
-// TODO
-// The server always loads a new runner and closes the old one, which forces serial execution
-// At present this test case fails with concurrency problems.  Eventually we should try to
-// get true concurrency working with n_parallel support in the backend
-func TestIntegrationConcurrentPredictOrcaMini(t *testing.T) {
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(len(req))
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*120)
-	defer cancel()
-	for i := 0; i < len(req); i++ {
-		go func(i int) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			GenerateTestHelper(ctx, t, &http.Client{}, req[i], resp[i])
-		}(i)
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
-// TODO - create a parallel test with 2 different models once we support concurrency

integration/utils_test.go

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ package integration
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -23,9 +24,13 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/app/lifecycle"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+func Init() {
+	lifecycle.InitLogging()
+}
+
 func FindPort() string {
 	port := 0
 	if a, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", "localhost:0"); err == nil {
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ func FindPort() string {
 	return strconv.Itoa(port)
 }
 
-func GetTestEndpoint() (string, string) {
+func GetTestEndpoint() (*api.Client, string) {
 	defaultPort := "11434"
 	ollamaHost := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_HOST")
 
@@ -67,16 +72,20 @@ func GetTestEndpoint() (string, string) {
 		port = FindPort()
 	}
 
-	url := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", host, port)
-	slog.Info("server connection", "url", url)
-	return scheme, url
+	slog.Info("server connection", "host", host, "port", port)
+
+	return api.NewClient(
+		&url.URL{
+			Scheme: scheme,
+			Host:   net.JoinHostPort(host, port),
+		},
+		http.DefaultClient), fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", host, port)
 }
 
-// TODO make fanicier, grab logs, etc.
 var serverMutex sync.Mutex
 var serverReady bool
 
-func StartServer(ctx context.Context, ollamaHost string) error {
+func startServer(ctx context.Context, ollamaHost string) error {
 	// Make sure the server has been built
 	CLIName, err := filepath.Abs("../ollama")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -125,67 +134,76 @@ func StartServer(ctx context.Context, ollamaHost string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func PullIfMissing(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, scheme, testEndpoint, modelName string) error {
+func PullIfMissing(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) error {
 	slog.Info("checking status of model", "model", modelName)
 	showReq := &api.ShowRequest{Name: modelName}
-	requestJSON, err := json.Marshal(showReq)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", scheme+"://"+testEndpoint+"/api/show", bytes.NewReader(requestJSON))
-	if err != nil {
+	showCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadlineCause(
+		ctx,
+		time.Now().Add(5*time.Second),
+		fmt.Errorf("show for existing model %s took too long", modelName),
+	)
+	defer cancel()
+	_, err := client.Show(showCtx, showReq)
+	var statusError api.StatusError
+	switch {
+	case errors.As(err, &statusError) && statusError.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound:
+		break
+	case err != nil:
 		return err
-	}
-
-	// Make the request with the HTTP client
-	response, err := client.Do(req.WithContext(ctx))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-	if response.StatusCode == 200 {
+	default:
 		slog.Info("model already present", "model", modelName)
 		return nil
 	}
-	slog.Info("model missing", "status", response.StatusCode)
+	slog.Info("model missing", "model", modelName)
 
+	stallDuration := 30 * time.Second // This includes checksum verification, which can take a while on larger models
+	stallTimer := time.NewTimer(stallDuration)
+	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
+		// fmt.Print(".")
+		if !stallTimer.Reset(stallDuration) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stall was detected, aborting status reporting")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	stream := true
 	pullReq := &api.PullRequest{Name: modelName, Stream: &stream}
-	requestJSON, err = json.Marshal(pullReq)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 
-	req, err = http.NewRequest("POST", scheme+"://"+testEndpoint+"/api/pull", bytes.NewReader(requestJSON))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	slog.Info("pulling", "model", modelName)
+	var pullError error
 
-	response, err = client.Do(req.WithContext(ctx))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	done := make(chan int)
+	go func() {
+		pullError = client.Pull(ctx, pullReq, fn)
+		done <- 0
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-stallTimer.C:
+		return fmt.Errorf("download stalled")
+	case <-done:
+		return pullError
 	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-	if response.StatusCode != 200 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to pull model") // TODO more details perhaps
-	}
-	slog.Info("model pulled", "model", modelName)
-	return nil
 }
 
 var serverProcMutex sync.Mutex
 
-func GenerateTestHelper(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, client *http.Client, genReq api.GenerateRequest, anyResp []string) {
-
-	// TODO maybe stuff in an init routine?
-	lifecycle.InitLogging()
-
-	requestJSON, err := json.Marshal(genReq)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error serializing request: %v", err)
+// Returns an Client, the testEndpoint, and a cleanup function, fails the test on errors
+// Starts the server if needed
+func InitServerConnection(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T) (*api.Client, string, func()) {
+	client, testEndpoint := GetTestEndpoint()
+	if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_TEST_EXISTING") == "" {
+		serverProcMutex.Lock()
+		fp, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ollama-server-*.log")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to generate log file: %s", err)
+		}
+		lifecycle.ServerLogFile = fp.Name()
+		fp.Close()
+		require.NoError(t, startServer(ctx, testEndpoint))
 	}
-	defer func() {
+
+	return client, testEndpoint, func() {
 		if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_TEST_EXISTING") == "" {
 			defer serverProcMutex.Unlock()
 			if t.Failed() {
@@ -203,63 +221,118 @@ func GenerateTestHelper(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, client *http.Client,
 				os.Stderr.Write(data)
 				slog.Warn("END OF SERVER")
 			}
-			err = os.Remove(lifecycle.ServerLogFile)
+			err := os.Remove(lifecycle.ServerLogFile)
 			if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 				slog.Warn("failed to cleanup", "logfile", lifecycle.ServerLogFile, "error", err)
 			}
 		}
-	}()
-	scheme, testEndpoint := GetTestEndpoint()
-
-	if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_TEST_EXISTING") == "" {
-		serverProcMutex.Lock()
-		fp, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ollama-server-*.log")
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to generate log file: %s", err)
-		}
-		lifecycle.ServerLogFile = fp.Name()
-		fp.Close()
-		assert.NoError(t, StartServer(ctx, testEndpoint))
 	}
-
-	err = PullIfMissing(ctx, client, scheme, testEndpoint, genReq.Model)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error pulling model: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Make the request and get the response
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", scheme+"://"+testEndpoint+"/api/generate", bytes.NewReader(requestJSON))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error creating request: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Set the content type for the request
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	// Make the request with the HTTP client
-	response, err := client.Do(req.WithContext(ctx))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error making request: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, response.StatusCode, 200, string(body))
-
-	// Verify the response is valid JSON
-	var payload api.GenerateResponse
-	err = json.Unmarshal(body, &payload)
-	if err != nil {
-		assert.NoError(t, err, body)
-	}
-
-	// Verify the response contains the expected data
-	atLeastOne := false
-	for _, resp := range anyResp {
-		if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(payload.Response), resp) {
-			atLeastOne = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	assert.True(t, atLeastOne, "none of %v found in %s", anyResp, payload.Response)
+}
+
+func GenerateTestHelper(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, genReq api.GenerateRequest, anyResp []string) {
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	require.NoError(t, PullIfMissing(ctx, client, genReq.Model))
+	DoGenerate(ctx, t, client, genReq, anyResp, 30*time.Second, 10*time.Second)
+}
+
+func DoGenerate(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, client *api.Client, genReq api.GenerateRequest, anyResp []string, initialTimeout, streamTimeout time.Duration) {
+	stallTimer := time.NewTimer(initialTimeout)
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	fn := func(response api.GenerateResponse) error {
+		// fmt.Print(".")
+		buf.Write([]byte(response.Response))
+		if !stallTimer.Reset(streamTimeout) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stall was detected while streaming response, aborting")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	stream := true
+	genReq.Stream = &stream
+	done := make(chan int)
+	var genErr error
+	go func() {
+		genErr = client.Generate(ctx, &genReq, fn)
+		done <- 0
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-stallTimer.C:
+		if buf.Len() == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("generate never started.  Timed out after :%s", initialTimeout.String())
+		} else {
+			t.Errorf("generate stalled.  Response so far:%s", buf.String())
+		}
+	case <-done:
+		require.NoError(t, genErr, "failed with %s request prompt %s ", genReq.Model, genReq.Prompt)
+		// Verify the response contains the expected data
+		response := buf.String()
+		atLeastOne := false
+		for _, resp := range anyResp {
+			if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(response), resp) {
+				atLeastOne = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		require.True(t, atLeastOne, "none of %v found in %s", anyResp, response)
+		slog.Info("test pass", "model", genReq.Model, "prompt", genReq.Prompt, "contains", anyResp, "response", response)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Error("outer test context done while waiting for generate")
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate a set of requests
+// By default each request uses orca-mini as the model
+func GenerateRequests() ([]api.GenerateRequest, [][]string) {
+	return []api.GenerateRequest{
+			{
+				Model:  "orca-mini",
+				Prompt: "why is the ocean blue?",
+				Stream: &stream,
+				Options: map[string]interface{}{
+					"seed":        42,
+					"temperature": 0.0,
+				},
+			}, {
+				Model:  "orca-mini",
+				Prompt: "why is the color of dirt brown?",
+				Stream: &stream,
+				Options: map[string]interface{}{
+					"seed":        42,
+					"temperature": 0.0,
+				},
+			}, {
+				Model:  "orca-mini",
+				Prompt: "what is the origin of the us thanksgiving holiday?",
+				Stream: &stream,
+				Options: map[string]interface{}{
+					"seed":        42,
+					"temperature": 0.0,
+				},
+			}, {
+				Model:  "orca-mini",
+				Prompt: "what is the origin of independence day?",
+				Stream: &stream,
+				Options: map[string]interface{}{
+					"seed":        42,
+					"temperature": 0.0,
+				},
+			}, {
+				Model:  "orca-mini",
+				Prompt: "what is the composition of air?",
+				Stream: &stream,
+				Options: map[string]interface{}{
+					"seed":        42,
+					"temperature": 0.0,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		[][]string{
+			[]string{"sunlight"},
+			[]string{"soil", "organic", "earth", "black", "tan"},
+			[]string{"england", "english", "massachusetts", "pilgrims"},
+			[]string{"fourth", "july", "declaration", "independence"},
+			[]string{"nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon", "dioxide"},
+		}
 }

llm/ext_server/server.cpp

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
 #include "httplib.h"
 #include "json.hpp"
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <thread>
 #include <chrono>
@@ -2770,8 +2774,28 @@ inline void signal_handler(int signal) {
     shutdown_handler(signal);
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+char* wchar_to_char(const wchar_t* wstr) {
+    if (wstr == nullptr) return nullptr;
+
+    // Determine the number of bytes needed for the UTF-8 string
+    int bytes = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+    char* str = new char[bytes];
+
+    // Convert the wide-character string to a UTF-8 string
+    WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, str, bytes, nullptr, nullptr);
+    return str;
+}
+
+int wmain(int argc, wchar_t **wargv) {
+    char** argv = new char*[argc];
+    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+        argv[i] = wchar_to_char(wargv[i]);
+    }
+#else
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+#endif
+
 #if SERVER_VERBOSE != 1
     log_disable();
 #endif
@@ -3282,6 +3306,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         return (ctrl_type == CTRL_C_EVENT) ? (signal_handler(SIGINT), true) : false;
     };
     SetConsoleCtrlHandler(reinterpret_cast<PHANDLER_ROUTINE>(console_ctrl_handler), true);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+        delete[] argv[i];
+    }
+    delete[] argv;
 #endif
     llama.queue_tasks.start_loop();
     svr.stop();

llm/generate/gen_linux.sh

@@ -57,21 +57,21 @@ init_vars
 git_module_setup
 apply_patches
 
+init_vars
+if [ -z "${OLLAMA_SKIP_STATIC_GENERATE}" -o "${OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET}" = "static" ]; then
+    # Builds by default, allows skipping, forces build if OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET="static"
+    # Enables optimized Dockerfile builds using a blanket skip and targeted overrides
+    # Static build for linking into the Go binary
+    init_vars
+    CMAKE_TARGETS="--target llama --target ggml"
+    CMAKE_DEFS="-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=off -DLLAMA_NATIVE=off -DLLAMA_AVX=off -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_FMA=off -DLLAMA_F16C=off ${CMAKE_DEFS}"
+    BUILD_DIR="../build/linux/${ARCH}_static"
+    echo "Building static library"
+    build
+fi
 
 init_vars
 if [ -z "${OLLAMA_SKIP_CPU_GENERATE}" ]; then
-
-    if [ -z "${OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET}" -o "${OLLAMA_CPU_TARGET}" = "static" ]; then
-        # Static build for linking into the Go binary
-        init_vars
-        CMAKE_TARGETS="--target llama --target ggml"
-        CMAKE_DEFS="-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=off -DLLAMA_NATIVE=off -DLLAMA_AVX=off -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_FMA=off -DLLAMA_F16C=off ${CMAKE_DEFS}"
-        BUILD_DIR="../build/linux/${ARCH}_static"
-        echo "Building static library"
-        build
-    fi
-
-
     # Users building from source can tune the exact flags we pass to cmake for configuring
     # llama.cpp, and we'll build only 1 CPU variant in that case as the default.
     if [ -n "${OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CPU_DEFS}" ]; then
@@ -172,7 +172,15 @@ if [ -d "${CUDA_LIB_DIR}" ]; then
         # Disabling has minimal performance effect while maintaining compatibility. 
         ARM64_DEFS="-DLLAMA_AVX=off -DLLAMA_AVX2=off -DLLAMA_AVX512=off -DLLAMA_CUDA_F16=off"
     fi
-    CMAKE_DEFS="-DLLAMA_CUDA=on -DLLAMA_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ=on -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES} ${COMMON_CMAKE_DEFS} ${CMAKE_DEFS} ${ARM64_DEFS}"
+    # Users building from source can tune the exact flags we pass to cmake for configuring llama.cpp
+    if [ -n "${OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS}" ]; then
+        echo "OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS=\"${OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS}\""
+        CMAKE_CUDA_DEFS="-DLLAMA_CUDA=on -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES} ${OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS}"
+        echo "Building custom CUDA GPU"
+    else
+        CMAKE_CUDA_DEFS="-DLLAMA_CUDA=on -DLLAMA_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ=on -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=${CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES}"
+    fi
+    CMAKE_DEFS="${COMMON_CMAKE_DEFS} ${CMAKE_DEFS} ${ARM64_DEFS} ${CMAKE_CUDA_DEFS}"
     BUILD_DIR="../build/linux/${ARCH}/cuda${CUDA_VARIANT}"
     EXTRA_LIBS="-L${CUDA_LIB_DIR} -lcudart -lcublas -lcublasLt -lcuda"
     build
@@ -217,6 +225,12 @@ if [ -d "${ROCM_PATH}" ]; then
     fi
     init_vars
     CMAKE_DEFS="${COMMON_CMAKE_DEFS} ${CMAKE_DEFS} -DLLAMA_HIPBLAS=on -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=$ROCM_PATH/llvm/bin/clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$ROCM_PATH/llvm/bin/clang++ -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=$(amdGPUs) -DGPU_TARGETS=$(amdGPUs)"
+    # Users building from source can tune the exact flags we pass to cmake for configuring llama.cpp
+    if [ -n "${OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS}" ]; then
+        echo "OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS=\"${OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS}\""
+        CMAKE_DEFS="${CMAKE_DEFS} ${OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS}"
+        echo "Building custom ROCM GPU"
+    fi
     BUILD_DIR="../build/linux/${ARCH}/rocm${ROCM_VARIANT}"
     EXTRA_LIBS="-L${ROCM_PATH}/lib -L/opt/amdgpu/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ -Wl,-rpath,\$ORIGIN/../../rocm/ -lhipblas -lrocblas -lamdhip64 -lrocsolver -lamd_comgr -lhsa-runtime64 -lrocsparse -ldrm -ldrm_amdgpu"
     build

llm/generate/gen_windows.ps1

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ function init_vars {
         )
     $script:cmakeTargets = @("ollama_llama_server")
     $script:ARCH = "amd64" # arm not yet supported.
+    $script:DIST_BASE = "${script:SRC_DIR}\dist\windows-${script:ARCH}\ollama_runners"
     if ($env:CGO_CFLAGS -contains "-g") {
         $script:cmakeDefs += @("-DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=on", "-DLLAMA_SERVER_VERBOSE=on", "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo")
         $script:config = "RelWithDebInfo"
@@ -55,7 +56,6 @@ function init_vars {
     } else {
         $script:CUDA_LIB_DIR=$env:CUDA_LIB_DIR
     }
-    $script:GZIP=(get-command -ea 'silentlycontinue' gzip).path
     $script:DUMPBIN=(get-command -ea 'silentlycontinue' dumpbin).path
     if ($null -eq $env:CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES) {
         $script:CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES="50;52;61;70;75;80"
@@ -134,21 +134,18 @@ function sign {
     }
 }
 
-function compress {
-    if ($script:GZIP -eq $null) {
-        write-host "gzip not installed, not compressing files"
-        return
-    }
-    write-host "Compressing binaries..."
+function install {
+    write-host "Installing binaries to dist dir ${script:distDir}"
+    mkdir ${script:distDir} -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
     $binaries = dir "${script:buildDir}/bin/*.exe"
     foreach ($file in $binaries) {
-        & "$script:GZIP" --best -f $file
+        copy-item -Path $file -Destination ${script:distDir} -Force
     }
 
-    write-host "Compressing dlls..."
+    write-host "Installing dlls to dist dir ${script:distDir}"
     $dlls = dir "${script:buildDir}/bin/*.dll"
     foreach ($file in $dlls) {
-        & "$script:GZIP" --best -f $file
+        copy-item -Path $file -Destination ${script:distDir} -Force
     }
 }
 
@@ -209,26 +206,29 @@ build
     init_vars
     $script:cmakeDefs = $script:commonCpuDefs + @("-A", "x64", "-DLLAMA_AVX=off", "-DLLAMA_AVX2=off", "-DLLAMA_AVX512=off", "-DLLAMA_FMA=off", "-DLLAMA_F16C=off") + $script:cmakeDefs
     $script:buildDir="../build/windows/${script:ARCH}/cpu"
+    $script:distDir="$script:DIST_BASE\cpu"
     write-host "Building LCD CPU"
     build
     sign
-    compress
+    install
 
     init_vars
     $script:cmakeDefs = $script:commonCpuDefs + @("-A", "x64", "-DLLAMA_AVX=on", "-DLLAMA_AVX2=off", "-DLLAMA_AVX512=off", "-DLLAMA_FMA=off", "-DLLAMA_F16C=off") + $script:cmakeDefs
     $script:buildDir="../build/windows/${script:ARCH}/cpu_avx"
+    $script:distDir="$script:DIST_BASE\cpu_avx"
     write-host "Building AVX CPU"
     build
     sign
-    compress
+    install
 
     init_vars
     $script:cmakeDefs = $script:commonCpuDefs + @("-A", "x64", "-DLLAMA_AVX=on", "-DLLAMA_AVX2=on", "-DLLAMA_AVX512=off", "-DLLAMA_FMA=on", "-DLLAMA_F16C=on") + $script:cmakeDefs
     $script:buildDir="../build/windows/${script:ARCH}/cpu_avx2"
+    $script:distDir="$script:DIST_BASE\cpu_avx2"
     write-host "Building AVX2 CPU"
     build
     sign
-    compress
+    install
 } else {
     write-host "Skipping CPU generation step as requested"
 }
@@ -242,10 +242,16 @@ if ($null -ne $script:CUDA_LIB_DIR) {
     }
     init_vars
     $script:buildDir="../build/windows/${script:ARCH}/cuda$script:CUDA_VARIANT"
+    $script:distDir="$script:DIST_BASE\cuda$script:CUDA_VARIANT"
     $script:cmakeDefs += @("-A", "x64", "-DLLAMA_CUDA=ON", "-DLLAMA_AVX=on", "-DLLAMA_AVX2=off", "-DCUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIR=$script:CUDA_INCLUDE_DIR", "-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=${script:CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES}")
+    if ($null -ne $env:OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS) {
+        write-host "OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS=`"${env:OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS}`""
+        $script:cmakeDefs +=@("${env:OLLAMA_CUSTOM_CUDA_DEFS}")
+        write-host "building custom CUDA GPU"
+    }
     build
     sign
-    compress
+    install
 }
 
 if ($null -ne $env:HIP_PATH) {
@@ -256,6 +262,7 @@ if ($null -ne $env:HIP_PATH) {
 
     init_vars
     $script:buildDir="../build/windows/${script:ARCH}/rocm$script:ROCM_VARIANT"
+    $script:distDir="$script:DIST_BASE\rocm$script:ROCM_VARIANT"
     $script:cmakeDefs += @(
         "-G", "Ninja", 
         "-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang.exe",
@@ -274,7 +281,11 @@ if ($null -ne $env:HIP_PATH) {
 
     # We have to clobber the LIB var from the developer shell for clang to work properly
     $env:LIB=""
-
+    if ($null -ne $env:OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS) {
+        write-host "OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS=`"${env:OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS}`""
+        $script:cmakeDefs += @("${env:OLLAMA_CUSTOM_ROCM_DEFS}")
+        write-host "building custom ROCM GPU"
+    }
     write-host "Building ROCm"
     build
     # Ninja doesn't prefix with config name
@@ -283,9 +294,9 @@ if ($null -ne $env:HIP_PATH) {
         & "$script:DUMPBIN" /dependents "${script:buildDir}/bin/ollama_llama_server.exe" | select-string ".dll"
     }
     sign
-    compress
+    install
 }
 
 
 cleanup
-write-host "`ngo generate completed.  LLM runners: $(get-childitem -path ${script:SRC_DIR}\llm\build\windows\${script:ARCH})"
+write-host "`ngo generate completed.  LLM runners: $(get-childitem -path $script:DIST_BASE)"

llm/ggla.go

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func (llm *ggla) KV() KV {
 	return llm.kv
 }
 
-func (llm *ggla) Tensors() []*Tensor {
+func (llm *ggla) Tensors() Tensors {
 	return llm.tensors
 }
 

llm/ggml.go

@@ -13,16 +13,6 @@ type GGML struct {
 	model
 }
 
-func (ggml *GGML) LayerSize(prefix string) (n int64) {
-	for _, t := range ggml.Tensors() {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(t.Name, prefix) {
-			n += int64(t.size())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
 const (
 	fileTypeF32 uint32 = iota
 	fileTypeF16
@@ -101,7 +91,7 @@ func fileType(fileType uint32) string {
 
 type model interface {
 	KV() KV
-	Tensors() []*Tensor
+	Tensors() Tensors
 }
 
 type KV map[string]any
@@ -167,6 +157,37 @@ func (kv KV) ContextLength() uint64 {
 	return kv.u64(fmt.Sprintf("%s.context_length", kv.Architecture()))
 }
 
+type Tensors []*Tensor
+
+func (ts Tensors) Layers() map[string]Layer {
+	layers := make(map[string]Layer)
+	for _, t := range ts {
+		parts := strings.Split(t.Name, ".")
+		if parts[0] == "blk" {
+			// join first and second part, e.g. blk.%d
+			parts = append([]string{fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", parts[0], parts[1])}, parts[2:]...)
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := layers[parts[0]]; !ok {
+			layers[parts[0]] = make(Layer)
+		}
+
+		layers[parts[0]][strings.Join(parts[1:], ".")] = t
+	}
+
+	return layers
+}
+
+type Layer map[string]*Tensor
+
+func (l Layer) size() (size uint64) {
+	for _, t := range l {
+		size += t.size()
+	}
+
+	return size
+}
+
 type Tensor struct {
 	Name   string `json:"name"`
 	Kind   uint32 `json:"kind"`
@@ -304,49 +325,77 @@ func DecodeGGML(rs io.ReadSeeker) (*GGML, int64, error) {
 	}, offset, nil
 }
 
-func (llm GGML) GraphSize(context, batch int) (int64, bool) {
-	embeddingLength := llm.KV().EmbeddingLength()
-	headCount := llm.KV().HeadCount()
-	headCountKV := llm.KV().HeadCountKV()
-	vocabLength := len(llm.KV()["tokenizer.ggml.tokens"].([]any))
+func (llm GGML) GraphSize(context, batch uint64) (partialOffload, fullOffload uint64) {
+	embedding := llm.KV().EmbeddingLength()
+	heads := llm.KV().HeadCount()
+	headsKV := llm.KV().HeadCountKV()
+	vocab := uint64(len(llm.KV()["tokenizer.ggml.tokens"].([]any)))
 
-	var attnQKVWeight1 uint64 = 0
-	for _, t := range llm.Tensors() {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(t.Name, ".attn_qkv.weight") && len(t.Shape) >= 2 {
-			attnQKVWeight1 = t.Shape[1]
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	var ffnGate1 uint64 = 0
-	for _, t := range llm.Tensors() {
-		if strings.Index(t.Name, ".ffn_gate") > 0 && len(t.Shape) >= 2 {
-			ffnGate1 = t.Shape[1]
-			break
-		}
-	}
+	layers := llm.Tensors().Layers()
 
 	switch llm.KV().Architecture() {
-	case "gemma", "command-r":
-		return 4 * int64(batch) * int64(embeddingLength+uint64(vocabLength)), true
-	case "phi2":
-		return max(
-			4*int64(batch)*int64(embeddingLength+uint64(vocabLength)),
-			4*int64(batch)*int64(1+4*embeddingLength+uint64(context)+attnQKVWeight1+uint64(context)*headCount),
-		), true
-	case "qwen2":
-		return max(
-			4*int64(batch)*int64(embeddingLength+uint64(vocabLength)),
-			4*int64(batch)*int64(1+2*embeddingLength+uint64(context)+uint64(context)*headCount),
-		), true
 	case "llama":
-		if ffnGate1 > 0 {
-			// moe
-			return 4 * int64(batch) * int64(2+3*embeddingLength+uint64(context)+uint64(context)*headCount+2*headCountKV+ffnGate1), true
+		fullOffload = 4 * batch * (1 + 4*embedding + context*(1+heads))
+
+		partialOffload = 4 * batch * embedding
+		partialOffload += max(
+			4*batch*(1+embedding+max(context, embedding))+embedding*embedding*9/16+4*context*(batch*heads+embedding/heads*headsKV),
+			4*batch*(embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
+		)
+
+		if ffnGateExpsWeight, ok := layers["blk.0"]["ffn_gate_exps.weight"]; ok {
+			// mixtral 8x22b
+			ff := uint64(llm.KV()["llama.feed_forward_length"].(uint32))
+			partialOffload = max(
+				3*ffnGateExpsWeight.size()+4*batch*(2*ff+headsKV+embedding+context+embedding/heads*headsKV),
+				4*(context*batch*heads+context*embedding/heads*headsKV+batch*1024+embedding/heads*headsKV*batch),
+			)
+		} else if ffnGateWeight, ok := layers["blk.0"]["ffn_gate.0.weight"]; ok {
+			// mixtral 8x7b
+			ffnGateWeight1 := ffnGateWeight.Shape[1]
+			fullOffload = 4 * batch * (2 + 3*embedding + context*(1+heads) + 2*headsKV + ffnGateWeight1)
+			partialOffload = max(
+				4*batch*(3+embedding/heads*headsKV+embedding+context*(1+heads)+ffnGateWeight1)+(embedding*embedding+3*embedding*headsKV*ffnGateWeight1)*9/16,
+				4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+heads))+embedding*(6*context*headsKV/heads+embedding*9/16),
+			)
 		}
-	
-		return 4 * int64(batch) * int64(1+4*embeddingLength+uint64(context)+uint64(context)*headCount), true
+	case "gemma":
+		fullOffload = 4 * batch * (embedding + vocab)
+		partialOffload = 4*batch*(2*embedding+vocab+1) + embedding*vocab*105/128
+	case "command-r":
+		fullOffload = max(
+			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
+			4*batch*(2+4*embedding+context*(1+heads)),
+		)
+
+		partialOffload = max(
+			4*batch*(embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
+			4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+heads))+4*embedding*context+embedding*embedding*9/16,
+		)
+	case "qwen2":
+		fullOffload = max(
+			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
+			4*batch*(1+2*embedding+context+context*heads),
+		)
+
+		partialOffload = max(
+			4*batch*(embedding+vocab)+embedding*vocab*105/128,
+			4*(batch*(1+2*embedding+context*(1+heads))+embedding*(1+context)),
+		)
+	case "phi2":
+		fullOffload = max(
+			4*batch*(embedding+vocab),
+			4*batch*(1+4*embedding+context+context*heads),
+		)
+
+		partialOffload = 4*batch*(2*embedding+vocab) + embedding*vocab*105/128
+	case "stablelm":
+		fullOffload = 4 * batch * (context*(1+heads) + 3*embedding + 2)
+		partialOffload = max(
+			4*batch*(vocab+2*embedding),
+			fullOffload,
+		)
 	}
 
-	return 0, false
+	return
 }

llm/gguf.go

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strings"
+
+	"log/slog"
 )
 
 type containerGGUF struct {
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ func (c *containerGGUF) Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) (model, error) {
 	}
 
 	model := newGGUF(c)
+	slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("model = %#v", model))
 	if err := model.Decode(rs); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ func (llm *gguf) KV() KV {
 	return llm.kv
 }
 
-func (llm *gguf) Tensors() []*Tensor {
+func (llm *gguf) Tensors() Tensors {
 	return llm.tensors
 }
 
@@ -248,8 +251,12 @@ func (llm *gguf) Decode(rs io.ReadSeeker) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, tensor := range llm.tensors {
-		padded := (int64(tensor.size()) + int64(alignment) - 1) & ^(int64(alignment) - 1)
-		if _, err := rs.Seek(padded, io.SeekCurrent); err != nil {
+		if _, err := rs.Seek(int64(tensor.size()), io.SeekCurrent); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		padding := llm.padding(int64(tensor.size()), int64(alignment))
+		if _, err := rs.Seek(padding, io.SeekCurrent); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -451,15 +458,18 @@ var ggufKVOrder = map[string][]string{
 	"llama": {
 		"general.architecture",
 		"general.name",
+		"llama.vocab_size",
 		"llama.context_length",
 		"llama.embedding_length",
 		"llama.block_count",
 		"llama.feed_forward_length",
-		"llama.rope.dimension_count",
 		"llama.attention.head_count",
 		"llama.attention.head_count_kv",
 		"llama.attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon",
 		"llama.rope.freq_base",
+		"llama.rope.dimension_count",
+		"llama.expert_count",
+		"llama.expert_used_count",
 		"gemma.context_length",
 		"gemma.embedding_length",
 		"gemma.block_count",
@@ -509,11 +519,17 @@ func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	kvCheck := make(map[string]bool)
+	for k := range kv {
+		kvCheck[k] = false
+	}
+
 	for _, k := range ggufKVOrder["llama"] {
 		v, ok := kv[k]
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
+		kvCheck[k] = true
 
 		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(k))); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -561,12 +577,20 @@ func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
 					return err
 				}
 			}
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("improper type for '%s'", k)
 		}
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
+	for k, v := range kvCheck {
+		if !v {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Didn't know how to write kv %s", k)
+		}
+	}
+
 	for _, tensor := range tensors {
 		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint64(len(tensor.Name))); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -576,9 +600,11 @@ func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		dims := 1
-		if tensor.Shape[1] > 0 {
-			dims = 2
+		dims := 0
+		for cnt := 0; cnt < len(tensor.Shape); cnt++ {
+			if tensor.Shape[cnt] > 0 {
+				dims++
+			}
 		}
 
 		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, uint32(dims)); err != nil {
@@ -605,8 +631,9 @@ func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	padding := llm.padding(offset, 32)
-	if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, int(padding-offset))); err != nil {
+	var alignment int64 = 32
+	padding := llm.padding(offset, alignment)
+	if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, int(padding))); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -620,8 +647,8 @@ func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		padding := llm.padding(offset, 32)
-		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, int(padding-offset))); err != nil {
+		padding := llm.padding(offset, alignment)
+		if err := binary.Write(ws, llm.ByteOrder, bytes.Repeat([]byte{0}, int(padding))); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -630,5 +657,5 @@ func (llm *gguf) Encode(ws io.WriteSeeker, kv KV, tensors []Tensor) error {
 }
 
 func (gguf) padding(offset, align int64) int64 {
-	return (offset + align - 1) / align * align
+	return (align - offset%align) % align
 }

llm/llm.go

@@ -6,10 +6,81 @@ package llm
 // #cgo windows,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/build/windows/amd64_static/libllama.a -static -lstdc++
 // #cgo linux,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/build/linux/x86_64_static/libllama.a -lstdc++
 // #cgo linux,arm64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/build/linux/arm64_static/libllama.a -lstdc++
+// #include <stdlib.h>
 // #include "llama.h"
 import "C"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"unsafe"
+)
 
 // SystemInfo is an unused example of calling llama.cpp functions using CGo
 func SystemInfo() string {
 	return C.GoString(C.llama_print_system_info())
 }
+
+func Quantize(infile, outfile, filetype string) error {
+	cinfile := C.CString(infile)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cinfile))
+
+	coutfile := C.CString(outfile)
+	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(coutfile))
+
+	params := C.llama_model_quantize_default_params()
+	params.nthread = -1
+
+	switch filetype {
+	case "F32":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeF32
+	case "F16":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeF16
+	case "Q4_0":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ4_0
+	case "Q4_1":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ4_1
+	case "Q4_1_F16":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ4_1_F16
+	case "Q8_0":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ8_0
+	case "Q5_0":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ5_0
+	case "Q5_1":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ5_1
+	case "Q2_K":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ2_K
+	case "Q3_K_S":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ3_K_S
+	case "Q3_K_M":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ3_K_M
+	case "Q3_K_L":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ3_K_L
+	case "Q4_K_S":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ4_K_S
+	case "Q4_K_M":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ4_K_M
+	case "Q5_K_S":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ5_K_S
+	case "Q5_K_M":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ5_K_M
+	case "Q6_K":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ6_K
+	case "IQ2_XXS":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeIQ2_XXS
+	case "IQ2_XS":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeIQ2_XS
+	case "Q2_K_S":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ2_K_S
+	case "Q3_K_XS":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeQ3_K_XS
+	case "IQ3_XXS":
+		params.ftype = fileTypeIQ3_XXS
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown filetype: %s", filetype)
+	}
+
+	if retval := C.llama_model_quantize(cinfile, coutfile, &params); retval != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("llama_model_quantize: %d", retval)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

llm/llm_windows.go

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ package llm
 
 import "embed"
 
-//go:embed build/windows/*/*/bin/*
+// unused on windows
 var libEmbed embed.FS

llm/memory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/gpu"
+)
+
+// This algorithm looks for a complete fit to determine if we need to unload other models
+func PredictServerFit(allGpus gpu.GpuInfoList, ggml *GGML, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (bool, uint64) {
+	var estimatedVRAM uint64
+	if opts.NumCtx > int(ggml.KV().ContextLength()) {
+		slog.Warn("requested context length is greater than model max context length", "requested", opts.NumCtx, "model", ggml.KV().ContextLength())
+		opts.NumCtx = int(ggml.KV().ContextLength())
+	}
+
+	if opts.NumCtx < 4 {
+		opts.NumCtx = 4
+	}
+
+	// Split up the GPUs by type and try them
+	for _, gpus := range allGpus.ByLibrary() {
+		var layerCount int
+		layerCount, estimatedVRAM = EstimateGPULayers(gpus, ggml, projectors, opts)
+		if opts.NumGPU < 0 {
+			if layerCount > 0 && layerCount >= int(ggml.KV().BlockCount()+1) {
+				return true, estimatedVRAM
+			}
+		} else {
+			if layerCount > 0 && layerCount >= opts.NumGPU {
+				return true, estimatedVRAM
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false, estimatedVRAM
+}
+
+// Given a model and one or more GPU targets, predict how many layers and bytes we can load
+// The GPUs provided must all be the same Library
+func EstimateGPULayers(gpus []gpu.GpuInfo, ggml *GGML, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (int, uint64) {
+	if gpus[0].Library == "cpu" {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	var memoryAvailable uint64
+	for _, info := range gpus {
+		memoryAvailable += info.FreeMemory
+	}
+	userLimit := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM")
+	if userLimit != "" {
+		avail, err := strconv.ParseUint(userLimit, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("invalid setting, ignoring", "OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM", userLimit, "error", err)
+		} else {
+			slog.Info("user override memory limit", "OLLAMA_MAX_VRAM", avail, "actual", memoryAvailable)
+			memoryAvailable = avail
+		}
+	}
+
+	slog.Debug("evaluating", "library", gpus[0].Library, "gpu_count", len(gpus), "available", format.HumanBytes2(memoryAvailable))
+
+	// TODO - this is probably wrong, first GPU vs secondaries will have different overheads
+	memoryMinimum := gpus[0].MinimumMemory
+
+	for _, projector := range projectors {
+		memoryMinimum += projectorMemoryRequirements(projector)
+
+		// multimodal models require at least 2048 context
+		opts.NumCtx = max(opts.NumCtx, 2048)
+	}
+
+	// fp16 k,v = (1 (k) + 1 (v)) * sizeof(float16) * n_ctx * n_layer * n_embd / n_head * n_head_kv
+	var kv uint64 = 2 * 2 * uint64(opts.NumCtx) * ggml.KV().BlockCount() * ggml.KV().EmbeddingLength() / ggml.KV().HeadCount() * ggml.KV().HeadCountKV()
+
+	graphPartialOffload, graphFullOffload := ggml.GraphSize(uint64(opts.NumCtx), uint64(min(opts.NumCtx, opts.NumBatch)))
+	if graphPartialOffload == 0 {
+		graphPartialOffload = ggml.KV().GQA() * kv / 6
+	}
+
+	if graphFullOffload == 0 {
+		graphFullOffload = graphPartialOffload
+	}
+
+	graphFullOffload *= uint64(len(gpus))
+	graphPartialOffload *= uint64(len(gpus))
+
+	// memoryRequiredTotal represents the memory required for full GPU offloading (all layers)
+	memoryRequiredTotal := memoryMinimum + graphFullOffload
+
+	// memoryRequiredPartial represents the memory required for partial GPU offloading (n > 0, n < layers)
+	memoryRequiredPartial := memoryMinimum + graphPartialOffload
+
+	if memoryRequiredPartial > memoryAvailable {
+		slog.Debug("insufficient VRAM to load any model layers")
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+
+	var layerCount int
+	layers := ggml.Tensors().Layers()
+	for i := 0; i < int(ggml.KV().BlockCount()); i++ {
+		memoryLayer := layers[fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d", i)].size()
+
+		// KV is proportional to the number of layers
+		memoryLayer += kv / ggml.KV().BlockCount()
+
+		memoryRequiredTotal += memoryLayer
+		if memoryAvailable > memoryRequiredPartial+memoryLayer {
+			memoryRequiredPartial += memoryLayer
+			layerCount++
+		}
+	}
+
+	var memoryLayerOutput uint64
+	for k, v := range layers {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, "blk.") {
+			memoryLayerOutput += v.size()
+		}
+	}
+
+	memoryRequiredTotal += memoryLayerOutput
+
+	if memoryAvailable > memoryRequiredTotal {
+		layerCount = int(ggml.KV().BlockCount()) + 1
+		memoryRequiredPartial = memoryRequiredTotal
+	}
+
+	memoryWeights := memoryRequiredTotal - memoryMinimum - graphFullOffload - kv
+
+	slog.Info(
+		"offload to gpu",
+		slog.Group(
+			"layers",
+			// actual number of layers offloaded
+			"real", opts.NumGPU,
+			// estimated number of layers that can be offloaded
+			"estimate", layerCount,
+		),
+		slog.Group(
+			"memory",
+			// memory available for offloading
+			"available", format.HumanBytes2(memoryAvailable),
+			slog.Group(
+				"required",
+				// memory required for full offloading
+				"full", format.HumanBytes2(memoryRequiredTotal),
+				// memory required to offload layers.estimate layers
+				"partial", format.HumanBytes2(memoryRequiredPartial),
+				// memory of KV cache
+				"kv", format.HumanBytes2(kv),
+			),
+			slog.Group(
+				"weights",
+				// memory of the weights
+				"total", format.HumanBytes2(memoryWeights),
+				// memory of repeating layers
+				"repeating", format.HumanBytes2(memoryWeights-memoryLayerOutput),
+				// memory of non-repeating layers
+				"nonrepeating", format.HumanBytes2(memoryLayerOutput),
+			),
+			slog.Group(
+				"graph",
+				// memory of graph when fully offloaded
+				"full", format.HumanBytes2(graphFullOffload),
+				// memory of graph when not fully offloaded
+				"partial", format.HumanBytes2(graphPartialOffload),
+			),
+		),
+	)
+	return layerCount, uint64(memoryRequiredPartial)
+}

llm/payload.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
 	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/gpu"
 )
 
-var errPayloadMissing = fmt.Errorf("expected payloads not included in this build of ollama")
+var errPayloadMissing = errors.New("expected payloads not included in this build of ollama")
 
 func Init() error {
 	payloadsDir, err := gpu.PayloadsDir()
@@ -25,13 +26,15 @@ func Init() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	slog.Info("extracting embedded files", "dir", payloadsDir)
-	binGlob := "build/*/*/*/bin/*"
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		slog.Info("extracting embedded files", "dir", payloadsDir)
+		binGlob := "build/*/*/*/bin/*"
 
-	// extract server libraries
-	err = extractFiles(payloadsDir, binGlob)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("extract binaries: %v", err)
+		// extract server libraries
+		err = extractFiles(payloadsDir, binGlob)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("extract binaries: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	var variants []string
@@ -138,6 +141,23 @@ func serversForGpu(info gpu.GpuInfo) []string {
 	return servers
 }
 
+// Return the optimal server for this CPU architecture
+func serverForCpu() string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" && runtime.GOARCH == "arm64" {
+		return "metal"
+	}
+	variant := gpu.GetCPUVariant()
+	availableServers := availableServers()
+	if variant != "" {
+		for cmp := range availableServers {
+			if cmp == "cpu_"+variant {
+				return cmp
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "cpu"
+}
+
 // extract extracts the embedded files to the target directory
 func extractFiles(targetDir string, glob string) error {
 	files, err := fs.Glob(libEmbed, glob)

llm/server.go

@@ -17,30 +17,43 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
-	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"
+
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/gpu"
 )
 
-// LlamaServer is an instance of the llama.cpp server
-type LlamaServer struct {
+type LlamaServer interface {
+	Ping(ctx context.Context) error
+	WaitUntilRunning(ctx context.Context) error
+	Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn func(CompletionResponse)) error
+	Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, error)
+	Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error)
+	Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, error)
+	Close() error
+	EstimatedVRAM() uint64
+}
+
+// llmServer is an instance of the llama.cpp server
+type llmServer struct {
 	port    int
 	cmd     *exec.Cmd
 	done    chan error // Channel to signal when the process exits
 	status  *StatusWriter
 	options api.Options
+
+	// TODO - this should be broken down by GPU
+	estimatedVRAM uint64 // Estimated usage of VRAM by the loaded model
+
+	sem *semaphore.Weighted
 }
 
-var cpuOnlyFamilies = []string{
-	"mamba",
-}
-
-func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (*LlamaServer, error) {
+func LoadModel(model string) (*GGML, error) {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(model); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -52,10 +65,13 @@ func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Option
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	ggml, _, err := DecodeGGML(f)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	return ggml, err
+}
 
+// NewLlamaServer will run a server for the given GPUs
+// The gpu list must be a single family.
+func NewLlamaServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *GGML, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (LlamaServer, error) {
+	var err error
 	if opts.NumCtx > int(ggml.KV().ContextLength()) {
 		slog.Warn("requested context length is greater than model max context length", "requested", opts.NumCtx, "model", ggml.KV().ContextLength())
 		opts.NumCtx = int(ggml.KV().ContextLength())
@@ -65,75 +81,51 @@ func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Option
 		opts.NumCtx = 4
 	}
 
-	availableMemory, _ := gpu.CheckVRAM()
-	info := gpu.GetGPUInfo()
+	cpuRunner := ""
+	var estimatedVRAM uint64
+	var systemMemory uint64
+	if (len(gpus) == 1 && gpus[0].Library == "cpu") || opts.NumGPU == 0 {
 
-	usedMemory := info.MinimumMemory
-	for _, projector := range projectors {
-		usedMemory += projectorMemoryRequirements(projector)
+		// TODO evaluate system memory to see if we should block the load, or force an unload of another CPU runner
 
-		// multimodal models require at least 2048 context
-		opts.NumCtx = max(opts.NumCtx, 2048)
-	}
+		cpuRunner = serverForCpu()
+	} else {
+		if gpus[0].Library == "metal" {
+			memInfo, err := gpu.GetCPUMem()
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Error("failed to lookup system memory", "error", err)
+			} else {
+				systemMemory = memInfo.TotalMemory
+				slog.Debug("system memory", "total", format.HumanBytes2(systemMemory))
+			}
+		}
+		var layers int
+		layers, estimatedVRAM = EstimateGPULayers(gpus, ggml, projectors, opts)
 
-	// fp16 k,v = (1 (k) + 1 (v)) * sizeof(float16) * n_ctx * n_layer * n_embd / n_head * n_head_kv
-	kv := 2 * 2 * int64(opts.NumCtx) * int64(ggml.KV().BlockCount()) * int64(ggml.KV().EmbeddingLength()) / int64(ggml.KV().HeadCount()) * int64(ggml.KV().HeadCountKV())
-
-	graph, ok := ggml.GraphSize(opts.NumCtx, min(opts.NumCtx, opts.NumBatch))
-	if !ok {
-		graph = int64(ggml.KV().GQA()) * kv / 6
-	}
-
-	usedMemory += graph
-
-	if (usedMemory > availableMemory || slices.Contains(cpuOnlyFamilies, ggml.KV().Architecture())) && info.Library != "metal" {
-		info.Library = "cpu"
-	}
-
-	requiredMemory := usedMemory
-
-	var layers int
-	for i := 0; i < int(ggml.KV().BlockCount()); i++ {
-		layerMemory := ggml.LayerSize(fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d.", i)) + kv/int64(ggml.KV().BlockCount())
-		requiredMemory += layerMemory
-
-		if availableMemory > usedMemory+layerMemory && (opts.NumGPU < 0 || layers < opts.NumGPU) {
-			usedMemory += layerMemory
-			layers++
+		if gpus[0].Library == "metal" && estimatedVRAM > systemMemory {
+			// disable partial offloading when model is greater than total system memory as this
+			// can lead to locking up the system
+			opts.NumGPU = 0
+		} else if opts.NumGPU < 0 && layers > 0 && gpus[0].Library != "cpu" {
+			opts.NumGPU = layers
 		}
 	}
 
-	memOutputLayer := ggml.LayerSize("output.")
-	requiredMemory += memOutputLayer
-
-	// only offload output layer if all repeating layers are offloaded
-	if layers >= int(ggml.KV().BlockCount()) && availableMemory > usedMemory+memOutputLayer {
-		usedMemory += memOutputLayer
-		layers++
-	}
-
-	slog.Info(
-		"offload to gpu",
-		"layers", layers,
-		"required", format.HumanBytes2(requiredMemory),
-		"used", format.HumanBytes2(usedMemory),
-		"available", format.HumanBytes2(availableMemory),
-		"kv", format.HumanBytes2(kv),
-		"graph", format.HumanBytes2(graph),
-	)
-
-	if opts.NumGPU < 0 && info.Library != "cpu" {
-		opts.NumGPU = layers
-	}
+	// Loop through potential servers
+	finalErr := fmt.Errorf("no suitable llama servers found")
 
 	if len(adapters) > 1 {
 		return nil, errors.New("ollama supports only one lora adapter, but multiple were provided")
 	}
 
 	availableServers := availableServers()
-	servers := serversForGpu(info)
-
-	demandLib := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY")
+	var servers []string
+	if cpuRunner != "" {
+		servers = []string{cpuRunner}
+	} else {
+		servers = serversForGpu(gpus[0]) // All GPUs in the list are matching Library and Variant
+	}
+	demandLib := strings.Trim(os.Getenv("OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY"), "\"' ")
 	if demandLib != "" {
 		serverPath := availableServers[demandLib]
 		if serverPath == "" {
@@ -145,7 +137,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Option
 	}
 
 	if len(servers) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no servers found for %v", info)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no servers found for %v", gpus)
 	}
 
 	params := []string{
@@ -202,10 +194,26 @@ func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Option
 		params = append(params, "--numa")
 	}
 
-	// Loop through potential servers
-	var finalErr error
+	// "--cont-batching", // TODO - doesn't seem to have any noticeable perf change for multiple requests
+	numParallel := 1
+	if onp := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_NUM_PARALLEL"); onp != "" {
+		numParallel, err = strconv.Atoi(onp)
+		if err != nil || numParallel <= 0 {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("invalid OLLAMA_NUM_PARALLEL=%s must be greater than zero - %w", onp, err)
+			slog.Error("misconfiguration", "error", err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	params = append(params, "--parallel", fmt.Sprintf("%d", numParallel))
+
 	for i := 0; i < len(servers); i++ {
 		dir := availableServers[servers[i]]
+		if dir == "" {
+			// Shouldn't happen
+			finalErr = fmt.Errorf("[%d] server %s not listed in available servers %v", i, servers[i], availableServers)
+			slog.Error("sever list inconsistent", "error", finalErr)
+			continue
+		}
 
 		// Find an availableServers  port, retry on each iterration in case the failure was a port conflict race
 		port := 0
@@ -228,30 +236,60 @@ func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Option
 		}
 		// append the server directory to LD_LIBRARY_PATH/PATH
 		libraryPaths := []string{dir}
+
 		if libraryPath, ok := os.LookupEnv(pathEnv); ok {
 			// Append our runner directory to the path
 			// This will favor system libraries over our bundled library dependencies
 			libraryPaths = append(filepath.SplitList(libraryPath), libraryPaths...)
 		}
 
+		// Note: we always put the dependency path first
+		// since this was the exact version we verified for AMD GPUs
+		// and we favor what the user had in their path
+		if gpus[0].DependencyPath != "" {
+			// TODO refine for multi-gpu support
+			libraryPaths = append([]string{gpus[0].DependencyPath}, libraryPaths...)
+		}
+
 		server := filepath.Join(dir, "ollama_llama_server")
 		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 			server = server + ".exe"
 		}
 
-		s := &LlamaServer{
-			port:    port,
-			cmd:     exec.Command(server, finalParams...),
-			status:  NewStatusWriter(os.Stderr),
-			options: opts,
+		// Detect tmp cleaners wiping out the file
+		_, err := os.Stat(server)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			slog.Warn("llama server disappeared, reinitializing payloads", "path", server, "error", err)
+			err = Init()
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("failed to reinitialize payloads", "error", err)
+				return nil, err
+			}
 		}
+
+		s := &llmServer{
+			port:          port,
+			cmd:           exec.Command(server, finalParams...),
+			status:        NewStatusWriter(os.Stderr),
+			options:       opts,
+			estimatedVRAM: estimatedVRAM,
+			sem:           semaphore.NewWeighted(int64(numParallel)),
+		}
+
 		libEnv := fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", pathEnv, strings.Join(libraryPaths, string(filepath.ListSeparator)))
-		slog.Debug(libEnv)
 		s.cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), libEnv)
 		s.cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 		s.cmd.Stderr = s.status
 
+		// TODO - multiple GPU selection logic...
+		key, val := gpu.GpuInfoList(gpus).GetVisibleDevicesEnv()
+		if key != "" {
+			s.cmd.Env = append(s.cmd.Env, key+"="+val)
+		}
+
 		slog.Info("starting llama server", "cmd", s.cmd.String())
+		// Log at debug as the environment is inherited and might contain sensitive information
+		slog.Debug("subprocess", "environment", s.cmd.Env)
 
 		if err = s.cmd.Start(); err != nil {
 			msg := ""
@@ -269,12 +307,13 @@ func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Option
 			_ = s.cmd.Wait()
 		}()
 
-		if err = s.waitUntilRunning(); err != nil {
-			slog.Error("error starting llama server", "server", servers[i], "error", err)
-			s.Close()
-			finalErr = err
-			continue
-		}
+		// TODO - make sure this is all wired up correctly
+		// if err = s.WaitUntilRunning(); err != nil {
+		// 	slog.Error("error starting llama server", "server", servers[i], "error", err)
+		// 	s.Close()
+		// 	finalErr = err
+		// 	continue
+		// }
 		return s, nil
 	}
 
@@ -282,7 +321,7 @@ func NewLlamaServer(model string, adapters, projectors []string, opts api.Option
 	return nil, finalErr
 }
 
-func projectorMemoryRequirements(filename string) int64 {
+func projectorMemoryRequirements(filename string) uint64 {
 	file, err := os.Open(filename)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0
@@ -294,18 +333,12 @@ func projectorMemoryRequirements(filename string) int64 {
 		return 0
 	}
 
-	prefixes := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, layer := range ggml.Tensors() {
-		parts := strings.Split(layer.Name, ".")
-		prefixes[strings.Join(parts[:2], ".")] = struct{}{}
+	var mem uint64
+	for _, layer := range ggml.Tensors().Layers() {
+		mem += layer.size()
 	}
 
-	var ask int64
-	for prefix := range prefixes {
-		ask += ggml.LayerSize(prefix)
-	}
-
-	return ask
+	return mem
 }
 
 type ServerStatus int
@@ -318,6 +351,21 @@ const ( // iota is reset to 0
 	ServerStatusError
 )
 
+func (s ServerStatus) ToString() string {
+	switch s {
+	case ServerStatusReady:
+		return "llm server ready"
+	case ServerStatusNoSlotsAvaialble:
+		return "llm busy - no slots available"
+	case ServerStatusLoadingModel:
+		return "llm server loading model"
+	case ServerStatusNotResponding:
+		return "llm server not responding"
+	default:
+		return "llm server error"
+	}
+}
+
 type ServerStatusResp struct {
 	Status          string `json:"status"`
 	SlotsIdle       int    `json:"slots_idle"`
@@ -325,7 +373,7 @@ type ServerStatusResp struct {
 	Error           string `json:"error"`
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) getServerStatus(ctx context.Context) (ServerStatus, error) {
+func (s *llmServer) getServerStatus(ctx context.Context) (ServerStatus, error) {
 	// Fail fast if its exited
 	if s.cmd.ProcessState != nil {
 		msg := ""
@@ -372,7 +420,7 @@ func (s *LlamaServer) getServerStatus(ctx context.Context) (ServerStatus, error)
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) Ping(ctx context.Context) error {
+func (s *llmServer) Ping(ctx context.Context) error {
 	_, err := s.getServerStatus(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Debug("server unhealthy", "error", err)
@@ -381,9 +429,10 @@ func (s *LlamaServer) Ping(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) waitUntilRunning() error {
+func (s *llmServer) WaitUntilRunning(ctx context.Context) error {
 	start := time.Now()
-	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Minute) // be generous with timeout, large models can take a while to load
+	// TODO we need to wire up a better way to detect hangs during model load and startup of the server
+	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Minute) // be generous with timeout, large models can take a while to load
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(50 * time.Millisecond)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 
@@ -391,6 +440,9 @@ func (s *LlamaServer) waitUntilRunning() error {
 	var lastStatus ServerStatus = -1
 	for {
 		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			slog.Info("context expired before server started")
+			return fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for llama runner to start")
 		case err := <-s.done:
 			msg := ""
 			if s.status != nil && s.status.LastErrMsg != "" {
@@ -414,9 +466,9 @@ func (s *LlamaServer) waitUntilRunning() error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("llama runner process no longer running: %d %s", s.cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode(), msg)
 			}
 
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 200*time.Millisecond)
+			c, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 200*time.Millisecond)
 			defer cancel()
-			status, err := s.getServerStatus(ctx)
+			status, err := s.getServerStatus(c)
 			if err != nil && lastStatus != status {
 				slog.Debug("server not yet available", "error", err)
 				lastStatus = status
@@ -502,7 +554,12 @@ type CompletionResponse struct {
 	EvalDuration       time.Duration
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn func(CompletionResponse)) error {
+func (s *llmServer) Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn func(CompletionResponse)) error {
+	if err := s.sem.Acquire(ctx, 1); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("Failed to acquire semaphore", "error", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	defer s.sem.Release(1)
 	request := map[string]any{
 		"prompt":            req.Prompt,
 		"stream":            true,
@@ -533,7 +590,7 @@ func (s *LlamaServer) Completion(ctx context.Context, req CompletionRequest, fn
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else if status != ServerStatusReady {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %d", status)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %s", status.ToString())
 	}
 
 	if req.Format == "json" {
@@ -680,13 +737,18 @@ type EmbeddingResponse struct {
 	Embedding []float64 `json:"embedding"`
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, error) {
+func (s *llmServer) Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, error) {
+	if err := s.sem.Acquire(ctx, 1); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("Failed to acquire semaphore", "error", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer s.sem.Release(1)
 	// Make sure the server is ready
 	status, err := s.getServerStatus(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if status != ServerStatusReady {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %d", status)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %s", status.ToString())
 	}
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(TokenizeRequest{Content: prompt})
@@ -732,13 +794,13 @@ type TokenizeResponse struct {
 	Tokens []int `json:"tokens"`
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error) {
+func (s *llmServer) Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error) {
 	// Make sure the server is ready
 	status, err := s.getServerStatus(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
-	} else if status != ServerStatusReady {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %d", status)
+	} else if status != ServerStatusReady && status != ServerStatusNoSlotsAvaialble {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %s", status.ToString())
 	}
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(TokenizeRequest{Content: content})
@@ -784,13 +846,13 @@ type DetokenizeResponse struct {
 	Content string `json:"content"`
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, error) {
+func (s *llmServer) Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, error) {
 	// Make sure the server is ready
 	status, err := s.getServerStatus(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
-	} else if status != ServerStatusReady {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %d", status)
+	} else if status != ServerStatusReady && status != ServerStatusNoSlotsAvaialble {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected server status: %s", status.ToString())
 	}
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(DetokenizeRequest{Tokens: tokens})
@@ -828,7 +890,7 @@ func (s *LlamaServer) Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, err
 	return decoded.Content, nil
 }
 
-func (s *LlamaServer) Close() error {
+func (s *llmServer) Close() error {
 	if s.cmd != nil {
 		slog.Debug("stopping llama server")
 		return s.cmd.Process.Kill()
@@ -837,6 +899,10 @@ func (s *LlamaServer) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *llmServer) EstimatedVRAM() uint64 {
+	return s.estimatedVRAM
+}
+
 func parseDurationMs(ms float64) time.Duration {
 	dur, err := time.ParseDuration(fmt.Sprintf("%fms", ms))
 	if err != nil {

macapp/README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ go build .
 Then run the desktop app with `npm start`:
 
 ```
-cd app
+cd macapp
 npm install
 npm start
 ```

scripts/build_windows.ps1

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function checkEnv() {
     
     $script:INNO_SETUP_DIR=(get-item "C:\Program Files*\Inno Setup*\")[0]
 
-    $script:DEPS_DIR="${script:SRC_DIR}\dist\windeps"
+    $script:DEPS_DIR="${script:SRC_DIR}\dist\windows-amd64"
     $env:CGO_ENABLED="1"
     echo "Checking version"
     if (!$env:VERSION) {
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ function buildOllama() {
             /csp "Google Cloud KMS Provider" /kc ${env:KEY_CONTAINER} ollama.exe
         if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { exit($LASTEXITCODE)}
     }
-    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path .\dist -Force
-    cp .\ollama.exe .\dist\ollama-windows-amd64.exe
+    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path .\dist\windows-amd64\ -Force
+    cp .\ollama.exe .\dist\windows-amd64\ollama-windows-amd64.exe
 }
 
 function buildApp() {
@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ function buildApp() {
 function gatherDependencies() {
     write-host "Gathering runtime dependencies"
     cd "${script:SRC_DIR}"
-    rm -ea 0 -recurse -force -path "${script:DEPS_DIR}"
     md "${script:DEPS_DIR}" -ea 0 > $null
 
     # TODO - this varies based on host build system and MSVC version - drive from dumpbin output
@@ -124,7 +123,15 @@ function gatherDependencies() {
             if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { exit($LASTEXITCODE)}
         }
     }
-
+    if ($null -ne $env:HIP_PATH) {
+        # Assumes v5.7, may need adjustments for v6
+        rm -ea 0 -recurse -force -path "${script:DEPS_DIR}\rocm\"
+        md "${script:DEPS_DIR}\rocm\rocblas\library\" -ea 0 > $null
+        cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblas.dll" "${script:DEPS_DIR}\rocm\"
+        cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas.dll" "${script:DEPS_DIR}\rocm\"
+        # amdhip64.dll dependency comes from the driver and must be installed on the host to use AMD GPUs
+        cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas\library\*" "${script:DEPS_DIR}\rocm\rocblas\library\"
+    }
 }
 
 function buildInstaller() {
@@ -139,12 +146,18 @@ function buildInstaller() {
     if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { exit($LASTEXITCODE)}
 }
 
+function distZip() {
+    write-host "Generating stand-alone distribution zip file ${script:SRC_DIR}\dist\ollama-windows-amd64.zip"
+    Compress-Archive -Path "${script:SRC_DIR}\dist\windows-amd64\*" -DestinationPath "${script:SRC_DIR}\dist\ollama-windows-amd64.zip" -Force
+}
+
 try {
     checkEnv
     buildOllama
     buildApp
     gatherDependencies
     buildInstaller
+    distZip
 } catch {
     write-host "Build Failed"
     write-host $_

server/download.go

@@ -247,7 +247,8 @@ func (b *blobDownload) downloadChunk(ctx context.Context, requestURL *url.URL, w
 				}
 
 				if !part.lastUpdated.IsZero() && time.Since(part.lastUpdated) > 5*time.Second {
-					slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("%s part %d stalled; retrying", b.Digest[7:19], part.N))
+					const msg = "%s part %d stalled; retrying. If this persists, press ctrl-c to exit, then 'ollama pull' to find a faster connection."
+					slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf(msg, b.Digest[7:19], part.N))
 					// reset last updated
 					part.lastUpdated = time.Time{}
 					return errPartStalled

server/images.go

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ func realpath(mfDir, from string) string {
 	return abspath
 }
 
-func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name, modelFileDir string, commands []parser.Command, fn func(resp api.ProgressResponse)) error {
+func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name, modelFileDir, quantization string, commands []parser.Command, fn func(resp api.ProgressResponse)) error {
 	deleteMap := make(map[string]struct{})
 	if manifest, _, err := GetManifest(ParseModelPath(name)); err == nil {
 		for _, layer := range append(manifest.Layers, manifest.Config) {
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name, modelFileDir string, commands []pars
 
 			pathName := realpath(modelFileDir, c.Args)
 
-			ggufName, err := convertSafetensors(name, pathName, fn)
+			ggufName, err := convertModel(name, pathName, fn)
 			if err != nil {
 				var pathErr *fs.PathError
 				switch {
@@ -337,8 +337,27 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name, modelFileDir string, commands []pars
 
 			if ggufName != "" {
 				pathName = ggufName
-				slog.Debug(fmt.Sprintf("new image layer path: %s", pathName))
 				defer os.RemoveAll(ggufName)
+
+				if quantization != "" {
+					quantization = strings.ToUpper(quantization)
+					fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: fmt.Sprintf("quantizing %s model to %s", "F16", quantization)})
+					tempfile, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(ggufName), quantization)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					defer os.RemoveAll(tempfile.Name())
+
+					if err := llm.Quantize(ggufName, tempfile.Name(), quantization); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					if err := tempfile.Close(); err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					pathName = tempfile.Name()
+				}
 			}
 
 			bin, err := os.Open(pathName)
@@ -614,7 +633,7 @@ func CreateModel(ctx context.Context, name, modelFileDir string, commands []pars
 	return nil
 }
 
-func convertSafetensors(name, path string, fn func(resp api.ProgressResponse)) (string, error) {
+func convertModel(name, path string, fn func(resp api.ProgressResponse)) (string, error) {
 	r, err := zip.OpenReader(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
@@ -649,17 +668,22 @@ func convertSafetensors(name, path string, fn func(resp api.ProgressResponse)) (
 		rc.Close()
 	}
 
-	params, err := convert.GetParams(tempDir)
+	mf, err := convert.GetModelFormat(tempDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	mArch, err := convert.GetModelArchFromParams(name, tempDir, params)
+	params, err := mf.GetParams(tempDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "processing safetensors"})
+	mArch, err := mf.GetModelArch(name, tempDir, params)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	fn(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "processing tensors"})
 	if err := mArch.GetTensors(); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -1113,7 +1137,7 @@ func GetSHA256Digest(r io.Reader) (string, int64) {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("sha256:%x", h.Sum(nil)), n
 }
 
-var errUnauthorized = fmt.Errorf("unauthorized")
+var errUnauthorized = errors.New("unauthorized")
 
 func makeRequestWithRetry(ctx context.Context, method string, requestURL *url.URL, headers http.Header, body io.ReadSeeker, regOpts *registryOptions) (*http.Response, error) {
 	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
@@ -1231,7 +1255,7 @@ func parseRegistryChallenge(authStr string) registryChallenge {
 	}
 }
 
-var errDigestMismatch = fmt.Errorf("digest mismatch, file must be downloaded again")
+var errDigestMismatch = errors.New("digest mismatch, file must be downloaded again")
 
 func verifyBlob(digest string) error {
 	fp, err := GetBlobsPath(digest)

server/routes.go

@@ -15,11 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"reflect"
-	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
@@ -38,7 +35,8 @@ import (
 var mode string = gin.DebugMode
 
 type Server struct {
-	addr net.Addr
+	addr  net.Addr
+	sched *Scheduler
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -53,84 +51,8 @@ func init() {
 	gin.SetMode(mode)
 }
 
-var loaded struct {
-	mu sync.Mutex
-
-	llama *llm.LlamaServer
-
-	expireTimer *time.Timer
-
-	model      string
-	adapters   []string
-	projectors []string
-	*api.Options
-}
-
 var defaultSessionDuration = 5 * time.Minute
 
-// load a model into memory if it is not already loaded, it is up to the caller to lock loaded.mu before calling this function
-func load(c *gin.Context, model *Model, opts api.Options, sessionDuration time.Duration) error {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c, 10*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	needLoad := loaded.llama == nil || // is there a model loaded?
-		loaded.model != model.ModelPath || // has the base model changed?
-		!reflect.DeepEqual(loaded.adapters, model.AdapterPaths) || // have the adapters changed?
-		!reflect.DeepEqual(loaded.projectors, model.ProjectorPaths) || // have the adapters changed?
-		!reflect.DeepEqual(loaded.Options.Runner, opts.Runner) || // have the runner options changed?
-		loaded.llama.Ping(ctx) != nil
-
-	if needLoad {
-		if loaded.llama != nil {
-			slog.Info("changing loaded model")
-			loaded.llama.Close()
-			loaded.llama = nil
-			loaded.model = ""
-			loaded.adapters = nil
-			loaded.projectors = nil
-			loaded.Options = nil
-		}
-
-		llama, err := llm.NewLlamaServer(model.ModelPath, model.AdapterPaths, model.ProjectorPaths, opts)
-		if err != nil {
-			// some older models are not compatible with newer versions of llama.cpp
-			// show a generalized compatibility error until there is a better way to
-			// check for model compatibility
-			if errors.Is(llm.ErrUnsupportedFormat, err) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "failed to load model") {
-				err = fmt.Errorf("%v: this model may be incompatible with your version of Ollama. If you previously pulled this model, try updating it by running `ollama pull %s`", err, model.ShortName)
-			}
-
-			return err
-		}
-
-		loaded.model = model.ModelPath
-		loaded.adapters = model.AdapterPaths
-		loaded.projectors = model.ProjectorPaths
-		loaded.llama = llama
-		loaded.Options = &opts
-	}
-
-	if loaded.expireTimer == nil {
-		loaded.expireTimer = time.AfterFunc(sessionDuration, func() {
-			loaded.mu.Lock()
-			defer loaded.mu.Unlock()
-
-			if loaded.llama != nil {
-				loaded.llama.Close()
-			}
-
-			loaded.llama = nil
-			loaded.model = ""
-			loaded.adapters = nil
-			loaded.projectors = nil
-			loaded.Options = nil
-		})
-	}
-
-	loaded.expireTimer.Reset(sessionDuration)
-	return nil
-}
-
 func modelOptions(model *Model, requestOpts map[string]interface{}) (api.Options, error) {
 	opts := api.DefaultOptions()
 	if err := opts.FromMap(model.Options); err != nil {
@@ -150,9 +72,7 @@ func isSupportedImageType(image []byte) bool {
 	return slices.Contains(allowedTypes, contentType)
 }
 
-func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	loaded.mu.Lock()
-	defer loaded.mu.Unlock()
+func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	checkpointStart := time.Now()
 	var req api.GenerateRequest
@@ -220,7 +140,11 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		sessionDuration = req.KeepAlive.Duration
 	}
 
-	if err := load(c, model, opts, sessionDuration); err != nil {
+	rCh, eCh := s.sched.GetRunner(c.Request.Context(), model, opts, sessionDuration)
+	var runner *runnerRef
+	select {
+	case runner = <-rCh:
+	case err = <-eCh:
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -271,7 +195,7 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 
 		sb.Reset()
 		if req.Context != nil {
-			prev, err := loaded.llama.Detokenize(c.Request.Context(), req.Context)
+			prev, err := runner.llama.Detokenize(c.Request.Context(), req.Context)
 			if err != nil {
 				c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 				return
@@ -293,9 +217,6 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		defer close(ch)
 
 		fn := func(r llm.CompletionResponse) {
-			// Update model expiration
-			loaded.expireTimer.Reset(sessionDuration)
-
 			// Build up the full response
 			if _, err := generated.WriteString(r.Content); err != nil {
 				ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
@@ -327,7 +248,7 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 					}
 
 					// TODO (jmorganca): encode() should not strip special tokens
-					tokens, err := loaded.llama.Tokenize(c.Request.Context(), p)
+					tokens, err := runner.llama.Tokenize(c.Request.Context(), p)
 					if err != nil {
 						ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 						return
@@ -355,7 +276,7 @@ func GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			Images:  images,
 			Options: opts,
 		}
-		if err := loaded.llama.Completion(c.Request.Context(), req, fn); err != nil {
+		if err := runner.llama.Completion(c.Request.Context(), req, fn); err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
 	}()
@@ -417,10 +338,7 @@ func getDefaultSessionDuration() time.Duration {
 	return defaultSessionDuration
 }
 
-func EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	loaded.mu.Lock()
-	defer loaded.mu.Unlock()
-
+func (s *Server) EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.EmbeddingRequest
 	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
 	switch {
@@ -465,7 +383,11 @@ func EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		sessionDuration = req.KeepAlive.Duration
 	}
 
-	if err := load(c, model, opts, sessionDuration); err != nil {
+	rCh, eCh := s.sched.GetRunner(c.Request.Context(), model, opts, sessionDuration)
+	var runner *runnerRef
+	select {
+	case runner = <-rCh:
+	case err = <-eCh:
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -476,7 +398,7 @@ func EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	embedding, err := loaded.llama.Embedding(c.Request.Context(), req.Prompt)
+	embedding, err := runner.llama.Embedding(c.Request.Context(), req.Prompt)
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("embedding generation failed: %v", err))
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to generate embedding"})
@@ -489,7 +411,7 @@ func EmbeddingsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
 }
 
-func PullModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) PullModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.PullRequest
 	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
 	switch {
@@ -538,7 +460,7 @@ func PullModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	streamResponse(c, ch)
 }
 
-func PushModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) PushModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.PushRequest
 	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
 	switch {
@@ -587,7 +509,7 @@ func PushModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	streamResponse(c, ch)
 }
 
-func CreateModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) CreateModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.CreateRequest
 	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
 	switch {
@@ -647,7 +569,7 @@ func CreateModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.Request.Context())
 		defer cancel()
 
-		if err := CreateModel(ctx, model, filepath.Dir(req.Path), commands, fn); err != nil {
+		if err := CreateModel(ctx, model, filepath.Dir(req.Path), req.Quantization, commands, fn); err != nil {
 			ch <- gin.H{"error": err.Error()}
 		}
 	}()
@@ -660,7 +582,7 @@ func CreateModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	streamResponse(c, ch)
 }
 
-func DeleteModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) DeleteModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.DeleteRequest
 	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
 	switch {
@@ -705,7 +627,7 @@ func DeleteModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, nil)
 }
 
-func ShowModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) ShowModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.ShowRequest
 	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
 	switch {
@@ -805,7 +727,7 @@ func GetModelInfo(req api.ShowRequest) (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func ListModelsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) ListModelsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	models := make([]api.ModelResponse, 0)
 	manifestsPath, err := GetManifestPath()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -865,7 +787,7 @@ func ListModelsHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, api.ListResponse{Models: models})
 }
 
-func CopyModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) CopyModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req api.CopyRequest
 	err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req)
 	switch {
@@ -897,7 +819,7 @@ func CopyModelHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-func HeadBlobHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) HeadBlobHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	path, err := GetBlobsPath(c.Param("digest"))
 	if err != nil {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -912,7 +834,25 @@ func HeadBlobHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.Status(http.StatusOK)
 }
 
-func CreateBlobHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+func (s *Server) CreateBlobHandler(c *gin.Context) {
+	path, err := GetBlobsPath(c.Param("digest"))
+	if err != nil {
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	_, err = os.Stat(path)
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist):
+		// noop
+	case err != nil:
+		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	default:
+		c.Status(http.StatusOK)
+		return
+	}
+
 	layer, err := NewLayer(c.Request.Body, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		c.AbortWithStatusJSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -1041,27 +981,27 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateRoutes() http.Handler {
 		allowedHostsMiddleware(s.addr),
 	)
 
-	r.POST("/api/pull", PullModelHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/generate", GenerateHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/chat", ChatHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/embeddings", EmbeddingsHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/create", CreateModelHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/push", PushModelHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/copy", CopyModelHandler)
-	r.DELETE("/api/delete", DeleteModelHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/show", ShowModelHandler)
-	r.POST("/api/blobs/:digest", CreateBlobHandler)
-	r.HEAD("/api/blobs/:digest", HeadBlobHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/pull", s.PullModelHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/generate", s.GenerateHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/chat", s.ChatHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/embeddings", s.EmbeddingsHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/create", s.CreateModelHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/push", s.PushModelHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/copy", s.CopyModelHandler)
+	r.DELETE("/api/delete", s.DeleteModelHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/show", s.ShowModelHandler)
+	r.POST("/api/blobs/:digest", s.CreateBlobHandler)
+	r.HEAD("/api/blobs/:digest", s.HeadBlobHandler)
 
 	// Compatibility endpoints
-	r.POST("/v1/chat/completions", openai.Middleware(), ChatHandler)
+	r.POST("/v1/chat/completions", openai.Middleware(), s.ChatHandler)
 
 	for _, method := range []string{http.MethodGet, http.MethodHead} {
 		r.Handle(method, "/", func(c *gin.Context) {
 			c.String(http.StatusOK, "Ollama is running")
 		})
 
-		r.Handle(method, "/api/tags", ListModelsHandler)
+		r.Handle(method, "/api/tags", s.ListModelsHandler)
 		r.Handle(method, "/api/version", func(c *gin.Context) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"version": version.Version})
 		})
@@ -1115,7 +1055,9 @@ func Serve(ln net.Listener) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	s := &Server{addr: ln.Addr()}
+	ctx, done := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	sched := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s := &Server{addr: ln.Addr(), sched: sched}
 	r := s.GenerateRoutes()
 
 	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Listening on %s (version %s)", ln.Addr(), version.Version))
@@ -1128,9 +1070,8 @@ func Serve(ln net.Listener) error {
 	signal.Notify(signals, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	go func() {
 		<-signals
-		if loaded.llama != nil {
-			loaded.llama.Close()
-		}
+		done()
+		sched.unloadAllRunners()
 		gpu.Cleanup()
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}()
@@ -1138,12 +1079,12 @@ func Serve(ln net.Listener) error {
 	if err := llm.Init(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to initialize llm library %w", err)
 	}
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" { // TODO - windows too
-		// check compatibility to log warnings
-		if _, err := gpu.CheckVRAM(); err != nil {
-			slog.Info(err.Error())
-		}
-	}
+
+	s.sched.Run(ctx)
+
+	// At startup we retrieve GPU information so we can get log messages before loading a model
+	// This will log warnings to the log in case we have problems with detected GPUs
+	_ = gpu.GetGPUInfo()
 
 	return srvr.Serve(ln)
 }
@@ -1199,9 +1140,9 @@ func streamResponse(c *gin.Context, ch chan any) {
 }
 
 // ChatPrompt builds up a prompt from a series of messages for the currently `loaded` model
-func chatPrompt(ctx context.Context, template string, messages []api.Message, numCtx int) (string, error) {
+func chatPrompt(ctx context.Context, runner *runnerRef, template string, messages []api.Message, numCtx int) (string, error) {
 	encode := func(s string) ([]int, error) {
-		return loaded.llama.Tokenize(ctx, s)
+		return runner.llama.Tokenize(ctx, s)
 	}
 
 	prompt, err := ChatPrompt(template, messages, numCtx, encode)
@@ -1212,10 +1153,7 @@ func chatPrompt(ctx context.Context, template string, messages []api.Message, nu
 	return prompt, nil
 }
 
-func ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
-	loaded.mu.Lock()
-	defer loaded.mu.Unlock()
-
+func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 	checkpointStart := time.Now()
 
 	var req api.ChatRequest
@@ -1272,7 +1210,11 @@ func ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		sessionDuration = req.KeepAlive.Duration
 	}
 
-	if err := load(c, model, opts, sessionDuration); err != nil {
+	rCh, eCh := s.sched.GetRunner(c.Request.Context(), model, opts, sessionDuration)
+	var runner *runnerRef
+	select {
+	case runner = <-rCh:
+	case err = <-eCh:
 		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
 	}
@@ -1289,7 +1231,7 @@ func ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		}, req.Messages...)
 	}
 
-	prompt, err := chatPrompt(c.Request.Context(), model.Template, req.Messages, opts.NumCtx)
+	prompt, err := chatPrompt(c.Request.Context(), runner, model.Template, req.Messages, opts.NumCtx)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
 		return
@@ -1332,8 +1274,6 @@ func ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		defer close(ch)
 
 		fn := func(r llm.CompletionResponse) {
-			// Update model expiration
-			loaded.expireTimer.Reset(sessionDuration)
 
 			resp := api.ChatResponse{
 				Model:     req.Model,
@@ -1356,7 +1296,7 @@ func ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 			ch <- resp
 		}
 
-		if err := loaded.llama.Completion(c.Request.Context(), llm.CompletionRequest{
+		if err := runner.llama.Completion(c.Request.Context(), llm.CompletionRequest{
 			Prompt:  prompt,
 			Format:  req.Format,
 			Images:  images,

server/routes_test.go

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func Test_Routes(t *testing.T) {
 		fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) {
 			t.Logf("Status: %s", resp.Status)
 		}
-		err = CreateModel(context.TODO(), name, "", commands, fn)
+		err = CreateModel(context.TODO(), name, "", "", commands, fn)
 		assert.Nil(t, err)
 	}
 

server/sched.go

@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/gpu"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
+)
+
+type LlmRequest struct {
+	ctx             context.Context //nolint:containedctx
+	model           *Model
+	ggml            *llm.GGML // TODO - how large is this, and do we need to free it after we've finished loading?
+	opts            api.Options
+	sessionDuration time.Duration
+	successCh       chan *runnerRef
+	errCh           chan error
+}
+
+type Scheduler struct {
+	pendingReqCh  chan *LlmRequest
+	finishedReqCh chan *LlmRequest
+	expiredCh     chan *runnerRef
+	unloadedCh    chan interface{}
+
+	loaded   map[string]*runnerRef
+	loadedMu sync.Mutex
+
+	loadFn      func(req *LlmRequest, gpus gpu.GpuInfoList)
+	newServerFn func(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *llm.GGML, adapters []string, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (llm.LlamaServer, error)
+	getGpuFn    func() gpu.GpuInfoList
+}
+
+// TODO set this to zero after a release or two, to enable multiple models by default
+var loadedMax = 1          // Maximum runners; < 1 maps to as many as will fit in VRAM (unlimited for CPU runners)
+var maxQueuedRequests = 10 // TODO configurable
+
+func InitScheduler(ctx context.Context) *Scheduler {
+	maxRunners := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS")
+	if maxRunners != "" {
+		m, err := strconv.Atoi(maxRunners)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Error("invalid setting", "OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS", maxRunners, "error", err)
+		} else {
+			loadedMax = m
+		}
+	}
+
+	sched := &Scheduler{
+		pendingReqCh:  make(chan *LlmRequest, maxQueuedRequests),
+		finishedReqCh: make(chan *LlmRequest, maxQueuedRequests),
+		expiredCh:     make(chan *runnerRef, maxQueuedRequests),
+		unloadedCh:    make(chan interface{}, maxQueuedRequests),
+		loaded:        make(map[string]*runnerRef),
+		newServerFn:   llm.NewLlamaServer,
+		getGpuFn:      gpu.GetGPUInfo,
+	}
+	sched.loadFn = sched.load
+	return sched
+}
+
+// context must be canceled to decrement ref count and release the runner
+func (s *Scheduler) GetRunner(c context.Context, model *Model, opts api.Options, sessionDuration time.Duration) (chan *runnerRef, chan error) {
+	ggml, err := llm.LoadModel(model.ModelPath)
+	req := &LlmRequest{
+		ctx:             c,
+		model:           model,
+		ggml:            ggml,
+		opts:            opts,
+		sessionDuration: sessionDuration,
+		successCh:       make(chan *runnerRef),
+		errCh:           make(chan error, 1),
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		req.errCh <- err
+		return req.successCh, req.errCh
+	}
+	select {
+	case s.pendingReqCh <- req:
+	default:
+		req.errCh <- fmt.Errorf("server busy, please try again.  maximum pending requests exceeded")
+	}
+	return req.successCh, req.errCh
+}
+
+// Returns immediately, spawns go routines for the scheduler which will shutdown when ctx is done
+func (s *Scheduler) Run(ctx context.Context) {
+	slog.Debug("starting llm scheduler")
+	go func() {
+		s.processPending(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		s.processCompleted(ctx)
+	}()
+}
+
+func (s *Scheduler) processPending(ctx context.Context) {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			slog.Debug("shutting down scheduler pending loop")
+			return
+		case pending := <-s.pendingReqCh:
+			// Block other requests until we get this pending request running
+			for {
+				var runnerToExpire *runnerRef
+				s.loadedMu.Lock()
+				runner := s.loaded[pending.model.ModelPath]
+				loadedCount := len(s.loaded)
+				s.loadedMu.Unlock()
+				if runner != nil {
+					if runner.needsReload(ctx, pending) {
+						runnerToExpire = runner
+					} else {
+						// Runner is usable, return it
+						pending.useLoadedRunner(runner, s.finishedReqCh)
+						break
+					}
+				} else if loadedCount == 0 {
+					slog.Debug("loading first model", "model", pending.model.ModelPath)
+					gpus := s.getGpuFn()
+					g := pickBestFitGPUs(pending, gpus)
+					if g != nil {
+						gpus = g
+					}
+					s.loadFn(pending, gpus)
+					break
+				} else if loadedMax > 0 && loadedCount >= loadedMax {
+					slog.Debug("max runners achieved, unloading one to make room", "runner_count", loadedCount)
+					runnerToExpire = s.findRunnerToUnload(pending)
+				} else {
+					// More than one loaded model, so we have to see if the new one fits
+					// Get a refreshed GPU list
+					gpus := s.getGpuFn()
+					// Update free memory from currently loaded models
+					s.updateFreeSpace(gpus)
+					gpus = pickBestFitGPUs(pending, gpus)
+					if gpus != nil {
+						slog.Debug("new model fits with existing models, loading")
+						s.loadFn(pending, gpus)
+						break
+					}
+					runnerToExpire = s.findRunnerToUnload(pending)
+				}
+
+				if runnerToExpire == nil {
+					// Shouildn't happen
+					slog.Error("runner to expire was nil!")
+					continue
+				}
+				// Trigger an expiration to unload once it's done
+				runnerToExpire.refMu.Lock()
+				slog.Debug("resetting model to expire immediately to make room", "model", runnerToExpire.model, "refCount", runnerToExpire.refCount)
+				if runnerToExpire.expireTimer != nil {
+					runnerToExpire.expireTimer.Stop()
+					runnerToExpire.expireTimer = nil
+				}
+				runnerToExpire.sessionDuration = 0
+				if runnerToExpire.refCount <= 0 {
+					s.expiredCh <- runnerToExpire
+				}
+				runnerToExpire.refMu.Unlock()
+				// Wait for the unload to happen
+				// Note: at this point we're queueing up all incoming requests, even if they were for
+				// a different model that's loaded and not scheduled to be removed.
+				slog.Debug("waiting for pending requests to complete and unload to occur", "model", runnerToExpire.model)
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					slog.Debug("shutting down scheduler pending loop")
+					return
+				case <-s.unloadedCh:
+					slog.Debug("unload completed", "model", runnerToExpire.model)
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+		case <-s.unloadedCh:
+			// An unload request when there are no pending request can be ignored
+			slog.Debug("ignoring unload event with no pending requests")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Scheduler) processCompleted(ctx context.Context) {
+	// Process completed requests, expired timers, and unloading models
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			slog.Debug("shutting down scheduler completed loop")
+			return
+		case finished := <-s.finishedReqCh:
+			s.loadedMu.Lock()
+			runner := s.loaded[finished.model.ModelPath]
+			s.loadedMu.Unlock()
+			if runner == nil {
+				slog.Error("finished requeset signal received after model unloaded", "model", finished.model.ModelPath)
+				continue
+			}
+			runner.refMu.Lock()
+			runner.refCount--
+			if runner.refCount <= 0 {
+				if runner.sessionDuration <= 0 {
+					slog.Debug("runner with zero duration has gone idle, expiring to unload", "model", runner.model)
+					if runner.expireTimer != nil {
+						runner.expireTimer.Stop()
+						runner.expireTimer = nil
+					}
+					s.expiredCh <- runner
+				} else if runner.expireTimer == nil {
+					slog.Debug("runner with non-zero duration has gone idle, adding timer", "model", runner.model, "duration", runner.sessionDuration)
+					runner.expireTimer = time.AfterFunc(runner.sessionDuration, func() {
+						slog.Debug("timer expired, expiring to unload", "model", runner.model)
+						runner.refMu.Lock()
+						defer runner.refMu.Unlock()
+						if runner.expireTimer != nil {
+							runner.expireTimer.Stop()
+						}
+						s.expiredCh <- runner
+					})
+				} else {
+					slog.Debug("runner with non-zero duration has gone idle, resetting timer", "model", runner.model, "duration", runner.sessionDuration)
+					runner.expireTimer.Reset(runner.sessionDuration)
+				}
+			}
+			slog.Debug("after processing request finished event", "model", runner.model, "refCount", runner.refCount)
+			runner.refMu.Unlock()
+		case runner := <-s.expiredCh:
+			slog.Debug("runner expired event received", "model", runner.model)
+			runner.refMu.Lock()
+			if runner.refCount > 0 {
+				// Shouldn't happen, but safeguard to ensure no leaked runners
+				slog.Debug("expired event with positive ref count, retrying", "model", runner.model, "refCount", runner.refCount)
+				go func(runner *runnerRef) {
+					// We can't unload yet, but want to as soon as the current request completes
+					// So queue up another expired event
+					time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+					s.expiredCh <- runner
+				}(runner)
+				runner.refMu.Unlock()
+				continue
+			}
+
+			slog.Debug("got lock to unload", "model", runner.model)
+			runner.unload()
+			s.loadedMu.Lock()
+			delete(s.loaded, runner.model)
+			s.loadedMu.Unlock()
+			slog.Debug("runner released", "model", runner.model)
+			runner.refMu.Unlock()
+			slog.Debug("sending an unloaded event", "model", runner.model)
+			s.unloadedCh <- struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Complete the pending request and send the runner back to the requester
+// Wires up a finished event after the request context is completed
+// Updates session duration, and resets expiration timer
+func (pending *LlmRequest) useLoadedRunner(runner *runnerRef, finished chan *LlmRequest) {
+	runner.refMu.Lock()
+	defer runner.refMu.Unlock()
+	runner.refCount++
+	runner.sessionDuration = pending.sessionDuration
+	pending.successCh <- runner
+	go func() {
+		<-pending.ctx.Done()
+		slog.Debug("context for request finished")
+		finished <- pending
+	}()
+}
+
+func (s *Scheduler) load(req *LlmRequest, gpus gpu.GpuInfoList) {
+	llama, err := s.newServerFn(gpus, req.model.ModelPath, req.ggml, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		// some older models are not compatible with newer versions of llama.cpp
+		// show a generalized compatibility error until there is a better way to
+		// check for model compatibility
+		if errors.Is(llm.ErrUnsupportedFormat, err) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "failed to load model") {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("%v: this model may be incompatible with your version of Ollama. If you previously pulled this model, try updating it by running `ollama pull %s`", err, req.model.ShortName)
+		}
+		slog.Info("NewLlamaServer failed", "model", req.model.ModelPath, "error", err)
+		req.errCh <- err
+		return
+	}
+	runner := &runnerRef{}
+	runner.model = req.model.ModelPath
+	runner.adapters = req.model.AdapterPaths
+	runner.projectors = req.model.ProjectorPaths
+	runner.llama = llama
+	runner.Options = &req.opts
+	runner.sessionDuration = req.sessionDuration
+	runner.gpus = gpus
+	runner.estimatedVRAM = llama.EstimatedVRAM()
+	runner.loading = true
+	runner.refCount = 1
+	runner.refMu.Lock()
+	s.loadedMu.Lock()
+	s.loaded[req.model.ModelPath] = runner
+	slog.Info("loaded runners", "count", len(s.loaded))
+	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
+
+	go func() {
+		defer runner.refMu.Unlock()
+		if err = llama.WaitUntilRunning(req.ctx); err != nil {
+			slog.Error("error loading llama server", "error", err)
+			runner.refCount--
+			req.errCh <- err
+			slog.Debug("triggering expiration for failed load", "model", runner.model)
+			s.expiredCh <- runner
+			return
+		}
+		slog.Debug("finished setting up runner", "model", req.model.ModelPath)
+		runner.loading = false
+		go func() {
+			<-req.ctx.Done()
+			slog.Debug("context for request finished")
+			s.finishedReqCh <- req
+		}()
+		req.successCh <- runner
+	}()
+}
+
+func (s *Scheduler) updateFreeSpace(allGpus gpu.GpuInfoList) {
+	type predKey struct {
+		Library string
+		ID      string
+	}
+	predMap := map[predKey]uint64{} // Sum up the total predicted usage per GPU for all runners
+	s.loadedMu.Lock()
+	for _, r := range s.loaded {
+		r.refMu.Lock()
+		gpuIDs := make([]string, 0, len(r.gpus))
+		if r.llama != nil {
+
+			// TODO this should be broken down by GPU instead of assuming uniform spread
+			estimatedVRAMPerGPU := r.llama.EstimatedVRAM() / uint64(len(r.gpus))
+			for _, gpu := range r.gpus {
+				gpuIDs = append(gpuIDs, gpu.ID)
+			}
+			for _, gpu := range allGpus {
+				if slices.Contains(gpuIDs, gpu.ID) {
+					predMap[predKey{gpu.Library, gpu.ID}] += estimatedVRAMPerGPU
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			slog.Warn("unexpected nil runner reference, memory prediction may be incorrect")
+		}
+		r.refMu.Unlock()
+	}
+	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
+
+	// Now that we've summed up all the GPU usage predictions across all the loaded runners, update the gpu list
+	for i := range allGpus {
+		if p, ok := predMap[predKey{allGpus[i].Library, allGpus[i].ID}]; ok {
+			slog.Debug("gpu reported", "gpu", allGpus[i].ID, "library", allGpus[i].Library, "available", format.HumanBytes2(allGpus[i].FreeMemory))
+			if p > allGpus[i].TotalMemory {
+				// Shouldn't happen
+				slog.Warn("predicted usage exceeds VRAM", "gpu", allGpus[i].ID, "totalMemory", allGpus[i].TotalMemory, "predicted", p)
+				allGpus[i].FreeMemory = 0
+			} else if (allGpus[i].TotalMemory - p) < allGpus[i].FreeMemory { // predicted free is smaller than reported free, use it
+				// TODO maybe we should just always trust our numbers, since cuda's free memory reporting is laggy
+				// and we might unload models we didn't actually need to.  The risk is if some other GPU intensive app is loaded
+				// after we start our first runner, then we'll never acount for that, so picking the smallest free value seems prudent.
+				allGpus[i].FreeMemory = allGpus[i].TotalMemory - p
+			}
+			slog.Info("updated VRAM", "gpu", allGpus[i].ID, "library", allGpus[i].Library, "total", format.HumanBytes2(allGpus[i].TotalMemory), "available", format.HumanBytes2(allGpus[i].FreeMemory))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type runnerRef struct {
+	refMu sync.Mutex
+	// refCond   sync.Cond // Signaled on transition from 1 -> 0 refCount
+	refCount uint // prevent unloading if > 0
+	// unloading bool      // set to true when we are trying to unload the runner
+
+	llama         llm.LlamaServer
+	loading       bool            // True only during initial load, then false forever
+	gpus          gpu.GpuInfoList // Recorded at time of provisioning
+	estimatedVRAM uint64
+
+	sessionDuration time.Duration
+	expireTimer     *time.Timer
+
+	model      string
+	adapters   []string
+	projectors []string
+	*api.Options
+}
+
+// The refMu must already be held when calling unload
+func (runner *runnerRef) unload() {
+	if runner.llama != nil {
+		runner.llama.Close()
+	}
+	runner.llama = nil
+	runner.adapters = nil
+	runner.projectors = nil
+	runner.Options = nil
+	runner.gpus = nil
+}
+
+func (runner *runnerRef) needsReload(ctx context.Context, req *LlmRequest) bool {
+	slog.Debug("evaluating already loaded", "model", req.model.ModelPath)
+	runner.refMu.Lock()
+	defer runner.refMu.Unlock()
+	// Ignore the NumGPU settings for comparison
+	optsExisting := runner.Options.Runner
+	optsExisting.NumGPU = -1
+	optsNew := req.opts.Runner
+	optsNew.NumGPU = -1
+	timeout := 10 * time.Second
+	if runner.loading {
+		timeout = 2 * time.Minute // Initial load can take a long time for big models on slow systems...
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout) // BUG -
+	defer cancel()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(runner.adapters, req.model.AdapterPaths) || // have the adapters changed?
+		!reflect.DeepEqual(runner.projectors, req.model.ProjectorPaths) || // have the projectors changed?
+		!reflect.DeepEqual(optsExisting, optsNew) || // have the runner options changed?
+		runner.llama.Ping(ctx) != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type ByDuration []*runnerRef
+
+func (a ByDuration) Len() int      { return len(a) }
+func (a ByDuration) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a ByDuration) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	// uint64 to turn negative time (never unload) to largest
+	return uint64(a[i].sessionDuration) < uint64(a[j].sessionDuration)
+}
+
+// TODO - future consideration to pick runners based on size
+// type BySize []*runnerRef
+// func (a BySize) Len() int           { return len(a) }
+// func (a BySize) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+// func (a BySize) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i].estimatedVRAM < a[j].estimatedVRAM }
+
+// pickBestFitGPUs will try to find the optimal placement of the model in the available GPUs where the model fully fits
+// If the model can not be fit fully within the available GPU(s) nil is returned
+func pickBestFitGPUs(req *LlmRequest, gpus gpu.GpuInfoList) gpu.GpuInfoList {
+	var estimatedVRAM uint64
+	for _, gl := range gpus.ByLibrary() {
+		var ok bool
+		sgl := append(make(gpu.GpuInfoList, 0, len(gl)), gl...)
+
+		// TODO - potentially sort by performance capability, existing models loaded, etc.
+		// Note: at present, this will favor more VRAM over faster GPU speed in mixed setups
+		sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(gpu.ByFreeMemory(sgl)))
+
+		// First attempt to fit the model into a single GPU
+		for _, g := range sgl {
+			if ok, estimatedVRAM = llm.PredictServerFit([]gpu.GpuInfo{g}, req.ggml, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts); ok {
+				slog.Debug("new model will fit in available VRAM in single GPU, loading", "model", req.model.ModelPath, "gpu", g.ID, "available", g.FreeMemory, "required", format.HumanBytes2(estimatedVRAM))
+				return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// TODO future refinements
+		// - if multiple Libraries, see if any single GPU in any Library will fit
+		// - try subsets of GPUs instead of just falling back to 1 or all in a family
+
+		// Now try all the GPUs
+		if ok, estimatedVRAM = llm.PredictServerFit(gl, req.ggml, req.model.AdapterPaths, req.model.ProjectorPaths, req.opts); ok {
+			slog.Debug("new model will fit in available VRAM, loading", "model", req.model.ModelPath, "library", gl[0].Library, "required", format.HumanBytes2(estimatedVRAM))
+			return gl
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// findRunnerToUnload finds a runner to unload to make room for a new model
+func (s *Scheduler) findRunnerToUnload(req *LlmRequest) *runnerRef {
+	s.loadedMu.Lock()
+	runnerList := make([]*runnerRef, 0, len(s.loaded))
+	for _, r := range s.loaded {
+		runnerList = append(runnerList, r)
+	}
+	s.loadedMu.Unlock()
+
+	// In the future we can enhance the algorithm to be smarter about picking the optimal runner to unload
+	// e.g., if we have multiple options, will one make room for the request?
+	sort.Sort(ByDuration(runnerList))
+
+	// First try to find a runner that's already idle
+	for _, runner := range runnerList {
+		runner.refMu.Lock()
+		rc := runner.refCount
+		runner.refMu.Unlock()
+		if rc == 0 {
+			slog.Debug("found an idle runner to unload")
+			return runner
+		}
+	}
+	// None appear idle, just wait for the one with the shortest duration
+	slog.Debug("no idle runners, picking the shortest duration", "count", len(runnerList))
+	return runnerList[0]
+}
+
+func (s *Scheduler) unloadAllRunners() {
+	s.loadedMu.Lock()
+	defer s.loadedMu.Unlock()
+	for model, runner := range s.loaded {
+		if runner.llama != nil {
+			slog.Debug("shutting down runner", "model", model)
+			runner.llama.Close()
+		}
+	}
+}

server/sched_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/app/lifecycle"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/gpu"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/llm"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	os.Setenv("OLLAMA_DEBUG", "1")
+	lifecycle.InitLogging()
+}
+
+func TestInitScheduler(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer done()
+	initialMax := loadedMax
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, initialMax, loadedMax)
+	require.NotNil(t, s.loaded)
+
+	os.Setenv("OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS", "blue")
+	s = InitScheduler(ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, initialMax, loadedMax)
+	require.NotNil(t, s.loaded)
+
+	os.Setenv("OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS", "0")
+	s = InitScheduler(ctx)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, loadedMax)
+	require.NotNil(t, s.loaded)
+}
+
+func TestLoad(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	req := &LlmRequest{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		model:           &Model{ModelPath: "foo"},
+		successCh:       make(chan *runnerRef, 1),
+		errCh:           make(chan error, 1),
+		sessionDuration: 2,
+	}
+	// Fail to load model first
+	s.newServerFn = func(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *llm.GGML, adapters []string, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (llm.LlamaServer, error) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("something failed to load model blah")
+	}
+	gpus := gpu.GpuInfoList{}
+	s.load(req, gpus)
+	require.Len(t, req.successCh, 0)
+	require.Len(t, req.errCh, 1)
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 0)
+	err := <-req.errCh
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "this model may be incompatible")
+
+	server := &mockLlm{estimatedVRAM: 10}
+	s.newServerFn = func(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *llm.GGML, adapters []string, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (llm.LlamaServer, error) {
+		return server, nil
+	}
+	s.load(req, gpus)
+	select {
+	case err := <-req.errCh:
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	case resp := <-req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, uint64(10), resp.estimatedVRAM)
+		require.Equal(t, uint(1), resp.refCount)
+		require.Len(t, s.loaded, 1)
+	}
+
+	req.model.ModelPath = "dummy_model_path"
+	server.waitResp = fmt.Errorf("wait failure")
+	s.load(req, gpus)
+	select {
+	case err := <-req.errCh:
+		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "wait failure")
+	case resp := <-req.successCh:
+		t.Errorf("unexpected success %v", resp)
+	}
+	runner := s.loaded["dummy_model_path"]
+	require.NotNil(t, runner)
+	require.Equal(t, uint(0), runner.refCount)
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+	require.Len(t, s.expiredCh, 1)
+}
+
+type bundle struct {
+	ctx     context.Context //nolint:containedctx
+	ctxDone func()
+	srv     *mockLlm
+	req     *LlmRequest
+}
+
+func (scenario *bundle) newServer(gpus gpu.GpuInfoList, model string, ggml *llm.GGML, adapters []string, projectors []string, opts api.Options) (llm.LlamaServer, error) {
+	return scenario.srv, nil
+}
+
+func newScenario(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, modelName string, estimatedVRAM uint64) *bundle {
+	scenario := &bundle{}
+	scenario.ctx, scenario.ctxDone = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	t.Helper()
+
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), modelName)
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	gguf := llm.NewGGUFV3(binary.LittleEndian)
+	err = gguf.Encode(f, llm.KV{
+		"general.architecture":          "llama",
+		"general.name":                  "name",
+		"llama.context_length":          uint32(32),
+		"llama.embedding_length":        uint32(4096),
+		"llama.block_count":             uint32(1),
+		"llama.attention.head_count":    uint32(32),
+		"llama.attention.head_count_kv": uint32(32),
+		"tokenizer.ggml.tokens":         []string{" "},
+		"tokenizer.ggml.scores":         []float32{0},
+		"tokenizer.ggml.token_type":     []int32{0},
+	}, []llm.Tensor{
+		{Name: "blk.0.attn.weight", Kind: uint32(0), Offset: uint64(0), Shape: []uint64{1, 1, 1, 1}, WriterTo: &bytes.Reader{}},
+	})
+	assert.Nil(t, err)
+	fname := f.Name()
+	model := &Model{Name: modelName, ModelPath: fname}
+	ggml, err := llm.LoadModel(model.ModelPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	scenario.req = &LlmRequest{
+		ctx:             scenario.ctx,
+		model:           model,
+		ggml:            ggml,
+		sessionDuration: 5 * time.Millisecond,
+		successCh:       make(chan *runnerRef, 1),
+		errCh:           make(chan error, 1),
+	}
+	scenario.srv = &mockLlm{estimatedVRAM: estimatedVRAM}
+	return scenario
+}
+
+func TestRequests(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+
+	// Same model, same request
+	scenario1a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 10)
+	scenario1a.req.sessionDuration = 0
+	scenario1b := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 11)
+	scenario1b.req.model = scenario1a.req.model
+	scenario1b.req.ggml = scenario1a.req.ggml
+	scenario1b.req.sessionDuration = 0
+
+	// simple reload of same model
+	scenario2a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1", 20)
+	scenario2a.req.model = scenario1a.req.model
+	scenario2a.req.ggml = scenario1a.req.ggml
+
+	// Multiple loaded models
+	scenario3a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3a", 1*format.GigaByte)
+	scenario3b := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3b", 24*format.GigaByte)
+	scenario3c := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-3c", 30) // Needs prior unloaded
+
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.getGpuFn = func() gpu.GpuInfoList {
+		g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "metal"}
+		g.TotalMemory = 24 * format.GigaByte
+		g.FreeMemory = 12 * format.GigaByte
+		return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
+	}
+	s.newServerFn = scenario1a.newServer
+	slog.Info("scenario1a")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario1a.req
+	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
+	s.Run(ctx)
+	select {
+	case resp := <-scenario1a.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario1a.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, scenario1a.req.errCh, 0)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+
+	// Same runner as first request due to not needing a reload
+	s.newServerFn = scenario1b.newServer
+	slog.Info("scenario1b")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario1b.req
+	select {
+	case resp := <-scenario1b.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario1a.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, scenario1b.req.errCh, 0)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+
+	// Trigger a reload
+	s.newServerFn = scenario2a.newServer
+	scenario2a.req.model.AdapterPaths = []string{"new"}
+	slog.Info("scenario2a")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario2a.req
+	// finish first two requests, so model can reload
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+	scenario1a.ctxDone()
+	scenario1b.ctxDone()
+	select {
+	case resp := <-scenario2a.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario2a.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, scenario2a.req.errCh, 0)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+
+	loadedMax = 1
+	s.newServerFn = scenario3a.newServer
+	slog.Info("scenario3a")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario3a.req
+	// finish prior request, so new model can load
+	time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+	scenario2a.ctxDone()
+	select {
+	case resp := <-scenario3a.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario3a.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, scenario3a.req.errCh, 0)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 1)
+
+	loadedMax = 0
+	s.newServerFn = scenario3b.newServer
+	slog.Info("scenario3b")
+	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario3b.req
+	select {
+	case resp := <-scenario3b.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario3b.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, scenario3b.req.errCh, 0)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 2)
+
+	// Try to load a model that wont fit
+	s.newServerFn = scenario3c.newServer
+	slog.Info("scenario3c")
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 2)
+	scenario3a.ctxDone() // Won't help since this one isn't big enough to make room
+	time.Sleep(2 * time.Millisecond)
+	s.pendingReqCh <- scenario3c.req
+	// finish prior request, so new model can load
+	time.Sleep(6 * time.Millisecond)
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 1)
+	scenario3b.ctxDone()
+	select {
+	case resp := <-scenario3c.req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario3c.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, scenario3c.req.errCh, 0)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 1)
+}
+
+func TestGetRunner(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+
+	// Same model, same request
+	scenario1a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1a", 10)
+	scenario1a.req.sessionDuration = 0
+	scenario1b := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1b", 10)
+	scenario1b.req.sessionDuration = 0
+	scenario1c := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1c", 10)
+	scenario1c.req.sessionDuration = 0
+	maxQueuedRequests = 1
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.getGpuFn = func() gpu.GpuInfoList {
+		g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "metal"}
+		g.TotalMemory = 24 * format.GigaByte
+		g.FreeMemory = 12 * format.GigaByte
+		return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
+	}
+	s.newServerFn = scenario1a.newServer
+	slog.Info("scenario1a")
+	successCh1a, errCh1a := s.GetRunner(scenario1a.ctx, scenario1a.req.model, scenario1a.req.opts, scenario1a.req.sessionDuration)
+	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
+	slog.Info("scenario1b")
+	successCh1b, errCh1b := s.GetRunner(scenario1b.ctx, scenario1b.req.model, scenario1b.req.opts, scenario1b.req.sessionDuration)
+	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
+	require.Len(t, successCh1b, 0)
+	require.Len(t, errCh1b, 1)
+	err := <-errCh1b
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "server busy")
+	s.Run(ctx)
+	select {
+	case resp := <-successCh1a:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario1a.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, errCh1a, 0)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+	scenario1a.ctxDone()
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 1)
+
+	scenario1c.req.model.ModelPath = "bad path"
+	slog.Info("scenario1c")
+	successCh1c, errCh1c := s.GetRunner(scenario1c.ctx, scenario1c.req.model, scenario1c.req.opts, scenario1c.req.sessionDuration)
+	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+	require.Len(t, successCh1c, 0)
+	require.Len(t, errCh1c, 1)
+	err = <-errCh1c
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "bad path")
+	scenario1b.ctxDone()
+
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 0)
+}
+
+// TODO - add one scenario that triggers the bogus finished event with positive ref count
+func TestPrematureExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+
+	// Same model, same request
+	scenario1a := newScenario(t, ctx, "ollama-model-1a", 10)
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.getGpuFn = func() gpu.GpuInfoList {
+		g := gpu.GpuInfo{Library: "metal"}
+		g.TotalMemory = 24 * format.GigaByte
+		g.FreeMemory = 12 * format.GigaByte
+		return []gpu.GpuInfo{g}
+	}
+	s.newServerFn = scenario1a.newServer
+	successCh1a, errCh1a := s.GetRunner(scenario1a.ctx, scenario1a.req.model, scenario1a.req.opts, scenario1a.req.sessionDuration)
+	require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 1)
+	s.Run(ctx)
+	select {
+	case resp := <-successCh1a:
+		require.Equal(t, resp.llama, scenario1a.srv)
+		require.Len(t, s.pendingReqCh, 0)
+		require.Len(t, errCh1a, 0)
+		require.Len(t, s.loaded, 1)
+		slog.Info("sending premature expired event now")
+		s.expiredCh <- resp // Shouldn't happen in real life, but make sure its safe
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+	time.Sleep(scenario1a.req.sessionDuration)
+	scenario1a.ctxDone()
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, len(s.finishedReqCh), 1)
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	require.Len(t, s.finishedReqCh, 0)
+	require.Len(t, s.loaded, 0)
+
+	// also shouldn't happen in real life
+	s.finishedReqCh <- scenario1a.req
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+func TestUseLoadedRunner(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Millisecond)
+	req := &LlmRequest{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		successCh:       make(chan *runnerRef, 1),
+		sessionDuration: 2,
+	}
+	finished := make(chan *LlmRequest)
+	llm1 := &mockLlm{}
+	r1 := &runnerRef{llama: llm1, sessionDuration: 1}
+	req.useLoadedRunner(r1, finished)
+	require.Equal(t, uint(1), r1.refCount)
+	require.Equal(t, time.Duration(2), r1.sessionDuration)
+	select {
+	case success := <-req.successCh:
+		require.Equal(t, r1, success)
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Errorf("timeout")
+	}
+	done()
+	fin := <-finished
+	require.Equal(t, req, fin)
+}
+
+func TestUpdateFreeSpace(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+	gpus := gpu.GpuInfoList{
+		{
+			Library: "a",
+			ID:      "1",
+		},
+		{
+			Library: "a",
+			ID:      "2",
+		},
+	}
+	gpus[0].TotalMemory = 1000
+	gpus[0].FreeMemory = 900
+	gpus[1].TotalMemory = 2000
+	gpus[1].FreeMemory = 1900
+	llm1 := &mockLlm{estimatedVRAM: 100}
+	llm2 := &mockLlm{estimatedVRAM: 200}
+	r1 := &runnerRef{llama: llm1, gpus: gpus}
+	r2 := &runnerRef{llama: llm2, gpus: gpus}
+
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.loaded["a"] = r1
+	s.loaded["b"] = r2
+
+	s.updateFreeSpace(gpus)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(850), gpus[0].FreeMemory)
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(1850), gpus[1].FreeMemory)
+
+}
+
+func TestFindRunnerToUnload(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+	req := &LlmRequest{ctx: ctx}
+	r1 := &runnerRef{refCount: 1, sessionDuration: 1}
+	r2 := &runnerRef{sessionDuration: 2}
+
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.loaded["a"] = r1
+	s.loaded["b"] = r2
+
+	resp := s.findRunnerToUnload(req)
+	require.Equal(t, r2, resp)
+	r2.refCount = 1
+	resp = s.findRunnerToUnload(req)
+	require.Equal(t, r1, resp)
+
+}
+
+func TestNeedsReload(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+
+	llm := &mockLlm{}
+	runner := &runnerRef{
+		adapters:   []string{"adapter1"},
+		projectors: []string{"projector1"},
+		Options:    &api.Options{},
+		llama:      llm,
+	}
+	req := &LlmRequest{
+		model: &Model{
+			AdapterPaths:   []string{"adapter2"},
+			ProjectorPaths: []string{"projector2"},
+		},
+		opts: api.Options{},
+	}
+	resp := runner.needsReload(ctx, req)
+	require.True(t, resp)
+	req.model.AdapterPaths = runner.adapters
+	resp = runner.needsReload(ctx, req)
+	require.True(t, resp)
+	req.model.ProjectorPaths = runner.projectors
+	runner.loading = true
+	req.opts.NumBatch = 1234
+	resp = runner.needsReload(ctx, req)
+	require.True(t, resp)
+	req.opts.NumBatch = runner.Options.NumBatch
+	llm.pingResp = fmt.Errorf("foo")
+	resp = runner.needsReload(ctx, req)
+	require.True(t, resp)
+	llm.pingResp = nil
+	resp = runner.needsReload(ctx, req)
+	require.False(t, resp)
+	req.opts.NumGPU = 99
+	resp = runner.needsReload(ctx, req)
+	require.False(t, resp)
+}
+
+func TestUnloadAllRunners(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, done := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Millisecond)
+	defer done()
+
+	llm1 := &mockLlm{}
+	llm2 := &mockLlm{}
+	s := InitScheduler(ctx)
+	s.unloadAllRunners()
+
+	r1 := &runnerRef{llama: llm1}
+	r2 := &runnerRef{llama: llm2}
+
+	s.loaded["a"] = r1
+	s.loaded["b"] = r2
+	s.unloadAllRunners()
+
+	require.True(t, llm1.closeCalled)
+	require.True(t, llm2.closeCalled)
+}
+
+func TestUnload(t *testing.T) {
+	llm1 := &mockLlm{}
+	r1 := &runnerRef{llama: llm1}
+	r2 := &runnerRef{adapters: []string{"A"}}
+	r1.unload()
+	require.True(t, llm1.closeCalled)
+	r2.unload()
+	require.Nil(t, r2.adapters)
+}
+
+type mockLlm struct {
+	pingResp          error
+	waitResp          error
+	completionResp    error
+	embeddingResp     []float64
+	embeddingRespErr  error
+	tokenizeResp      []int
+	tokenizeRespErr   error
+	detokenizeResp    string
+	detonekizeRespErr error
+	closeResp         error
+	closeCalled       bool
+	estimatedVRAM     uint64
+}
+
+func (s *mockLlm) Ping(ctx context.Context) error             { return s.pingResp }
+func (s *mockLlm) WaitUntilRunning(ctx context.Context) error { return s.waitResp }
+func (s *mockLlm) Completion(ctx context.Context, req llm.CompletionRequest, fn func(llm.CompletionResponse)) error {
+	return s.completionResp
+}
+func (s *mockLlm) Embedding(ctx context.Context, prompt string) ([]float64, error) {
+	return s.embeddingResp, s.embeddingRespErr
+}
+func (s *mockLlm) Tokenize(ctx context.Context, content string) ([]int, error) {
+	return s.tokenizeResp, s.tokenizeRespErr
+}
+func (s *mockLlm) Detokenize(ctx context.Context, tokens []int) (string, error) {
+	return s.detokenizeResp, s.detonekizeRespErr
+}
+func (s *mockLlm) Close() error {
+	s.closeCalled = true
+	return s.closeResp
+}
+func (s *mockLlm) EstimatedVRAM() uint64 { return s.estimatedVRAM }

types/model/digest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+// Digest represents a digest of a model Manifest. It is a comparable value
+// type and is immutable.
+//
+// The zero Digest is not a valid digest.
+type Digest struct {
+	s string
+}
+
+// Split returns the digest type and the digest value.
+func (d Digest) Split() (typ, digest string) {
+	typ, digest, _ = strings.Cut(d.s, "-")
+	return
+}
+
+// String returns the digest in the form of "<digest-type>-<digest>", or the
+// empty string if the digest is invalid.
+func (d Digest) String() string { return d.s }
+
+// IsValid returns true if the digest is valid (not zero).
+//
+// A valid digest may be created only by ParseDigest, or
+// ParseName(name).Digest().
+func (d Digest) IsValid() bool { return d.s != "" }
+
+// LogValue implements slog.Value.
+func (d Digest) LogValue() slog.Value {
+	return slog.StringValue(d.String())
+}
+
+var (
+	_ slog.LogValuer = Digest{}
+)
+
+// ParseDigest parses a string in the form of "<digest-type>-<digest>" into a
+// Digest.
+func ParseDigest(s string) Digest {
+	typ, digest, ok := strings.Cut(s, "-")
+	if !ok {
+		typ, digest, ok = strings.Cut(s, ":")
+	}
+	if ok && isValidDigestType(typ) && isValidHex(digest) && len(digest) >= 2 {
+		return Digest{s: fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", typ, digest)}
+	}
+	return Digest{}
+}
+
+func MustParseDigest(s string) Digest {
+	d := ParseDigest(s)
+	if !d.IsValid() {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid digest: %q", s))
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+func isValidDigestType(s string) bool {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if !unicode.IsLower(r) && !unicode.IsDigit(r) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func isValidHex(s string) bool {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range s {
+		c := s[i]
+		if c < '0' || c > '9' && c < 'a' || c > 'f' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

types/model/digest_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package model
+
+import "testing"
+
+var testDigests = map[string]Digest{
+	"":                 {},
+	"sha256-1234":      {s: "sha256-1234"},
+	"sha256-5678":      {s: "sha256-5678"},
+	"blake2-9abc":      {s: "blake2-9abc"},
+	"-1234":            {},
+	"sha256-":          {},
+	"sha256-1234-5678": {},
+	"sha256-P":         {}, //         invalid  hex
+	"sha256-1234P":     {},
+	"---":              {},
+}
+
+func TestDigestParse(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test cases.
+	for s, want := range testDigests {
+		got := ParseDigest(s)
+		t.Logf("ParseDigest(%q) = %#v", s, got)
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("ParseDigest(%q) = %q; want %q", s, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDigestString(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test cases.
+	for s, d := range testDigests {
+		want := s
+		if !d.IsValid() {
+			want = ""
+		}
+		got := d.String()
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("ParseDigest(%q).String() = %q; want %q", s, got, want)
+		}
+
+		got = ParseDigest(s).String()
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("roundtrip ParseDigest(%q).String() = %q; want %q", s, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

types/model/name.go

@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash/maphash"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/structs"
+)
+
+// Errors
+var (
+	// ErrInvalidName, ErrIncompleteName, and ErrInvalidDigest are not
+	// used by this package, but are exported so that other packages can
+	// use them, instead of defining their own errors for them.
+	ErrInvalidName    = errors.New("invalid model name")
+	ErrIncompleteName = errors.New("incomplete model name")
+	ErrInvalidDigest  = errors.New("invalid digest")
+)
+
+// Defaults
+const (
+	// MaskDefault is the default mask used by [Name.DisplayShortest].
+	MaskDefault = "registry.ollama.ai/library/?:latest"
+
+	// MaskNothing is a mask that masks nothing.
+	MaskNothing = "?/?/?:?"
+
+	// DefaultFill is the default fill used by [ParseName].
+	FillDefault = "registry.ollama.ai/library/?:latest+Q4_0"
+
+	// FillNothing is a fill that fills nothing.
+	FillNothing = "?/?/?:?+?"
+)
+
+const MaxNamePartLen = 128
+
+type PartKind int
+
+// Levels of concreteness
+const (
+	// Each value aligns with its index in the Name.parts array.
+
+	PartHost PartKind = iota
+	PartNamespace
+	PartModel
+	PartTag
+	PartBuild
+	PartDigest
+
+	// NumParts is the number of parts in a Name. In this list, it must
+	// follow the final part.
+	NumParts
+
+	PartExtraneous = -1
+)
+
+var kindNames = map[PartKind]string{
+	PartHost:      "Host",
+	PartNamespace: "Namespace",
+	PartModel:     "Name",
+	PartTag:       "Tag",
+	PartBuild:     "Build",
+	PartDigest:    "Digest",
+}
+
+func (k PartKind) String() string {
+	return cmp.Or(kindNames[k], "Unknown")
+}
+
+// Name is an opaque reference to a model. It holds the parts of a model
+// with the case preserved, but is not directly comparable with other Names
+// since model names can be represented with different casing depending on
+// the use case. For instance, "Mistral" and "mistral" are the same model
+// but each version may have come from different sources (e.g. copied from a
+// Web page, or from a file path).
+//
+// Valid Names can ONLY be constructed by calling [ParseName].
+//
+// A Name is valid if and only if is have a valid Model part. The other parts
+// are optional.
+//
+// A Name is considered "complete" if it has all parts present. To check if a
+// Name is complete, use [Name.IsComplete].
+//
+// To compare two names in a case-insensitive manner, use [Name.EqualFold].
+//
+// The parts of a Name are:
+//
+//   - Host: the domain of the model (optional)
+//   - Namespace: the namespace of the model (optional)
+//   - Model: the name of the model (required)
+//   - Tag: the tag of the model (optional)
+//   - Build: the build of the model; usually the quantization or "file type" (optional)
+//
+// The parts can be obtained in their original form by calling [Name.Parts].
+//
+// To check if a Name has at minimum a valid model part, use [Name.IsValid].
+type Name struct {
+	_     structs.Incomparable
+	parts [NumParts]string // host, namespace, model, tag, build, digest
+
+	// TODO(bmizerany): track offsets and hold s (raw string) here? We
+	// could pack the offsets all into a single uint64 since the first
+	// parts take less bits since their max offset is less than the max
+	// offset of the next part. This would save a ton of bytes per Name
+	// and mean zero allocations for String.
+}
+
+// ParseName parses s into a Name, and returns the result of filling it with
+// defaults. The input string must be a valid string
+// representation of a model name in the form:
+//
+//	[host/][namespace/]<model>[:tag][+build][@<digest-type>-<digest>]
+//
+// The name part is required, all others are optional. If a part is missing,
+// it is left empty in the returned Name. If a part is invalid, the zero Ref
+// value is returned.
+//
+// The build part is normalized to uppercase.
+//
+// Examples of valid paths:
+//
+//	"example.com/library/mistral:7b+x"
+//	"example.com/eva/mistral:7b+Q4_0"
+//	"mistral:7b+x"
+//	"example.com/mike/mistral:latest+Q4_0"
+//	"example.com/bruce/mistral:latest"
+//	"example.com/pdevine/thisisfine:7b+Q4_0@sha256-1234567890abcdef"
+//
+// Examples of invalid paths:
+//
+//	"example.com/mistral:7b+"
+//	"example.com/mistral:7b+Q4_0+"
+//	"x/y/z/z:8n+I"
+//	""
+//
+// It returns the zero value if any part is invalid.
+//
+// # Fills
+//
+// For any valid s, the fill string is used to fill in missing parts of the
+// Name. The fill string must be a valid Name with the exception that any part
+// may be the string ("?"), which will not be considered for filling.
+func ParseNameFill(s, fill string) Name {
+	var r Name
+	parts(s)(func(kind PartKind, part string) bool {
+		if kind == PartDigest && !ParseDigest(part).IsValid() {
+			r = Name{}
+			return false
+		}
+		if kind == PartExtraneous || !IsValidNamePart(kind, part) {
+			r = Name{}
+			return false
+		}
+		r.parts[kind] = part
+		return true
+	})
+	if r.IsValid() || r.IsResolved() {
+		return fillName(r, fill)
+	}
+	return Name{}
+}
+
+// ParseName parses s into a Name, and returns the result of filling it
+// with FillDefault. The input string must be a valid string representation
+// of a model
+func ParseName(s string) Name {
+	return ParseNameFill(s, "")
+}
+
+func parseMask(s string) Name {
+	var r Name
+	parts(s)(func(kind PartKind, part string) bool {
+		if part == "?" {
+			// mask part; treat as empty but valid
+			return true
+		}
+		if !IsValidNamePart(kind, part) {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid mask part %s: %q", kind, part))
+		}
+		r.parts[kind] = part
+		return true
+	})
+	return r
+}
+
+func MustParseName(s, fill string) Name {
+	r := ParseNameFill(s, fill)
+	if !r.IsValid() {
+		panic("invalid Name: " + s)
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// fillName fills in the missing parts of dst with the parts of src.
+//
+// The returned Name will only be valid if dst is valid.
+//
+// It skips fill parts that are "?".
+func fillName(r Name, fill string) Name {
+	fill = cmp.Or(fill, FillDefault)
+	f := parseMask(fill)
+	if fill != FillNothing && f.IsZero() {
+		panic("invalid fill")
+	}
+	for i := range r.parts {
+		if f.parts[i] == "?" {
+			continue
+		}
+		r.parts[i] = cmp.Or(r.parts[i], f.parts[i])
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// WithBuild returns a copy of r with the build set to the given string.
+func (r Name) WithBuild(build string) Name {
+	r.parts[PartBuild] = build
+	return r
+}
+
+func (r Name) WithDigest(digest Digest) Name {
+	r.parts[PartDigest] = digest.String()
+	return r
+}
+
+var mapHashSeed = maphash.MakeSeed()
+
+// MapHash returns a case insensitive hash for use in maps and equality
+// checks. For a convenient way to compare names, use [Name.EqualFold].
+//
+//nolint:errcheck
+func (r Name) MapHash() uint64 {
+	// correctly hash the parts with case insensitive comparison
+	var h maphash.Hash
+	h.SetSeed(mapHashSeed)
+	for _, part := range r.parts {
+		// downcase the part for hashing
+		for i := range part {
+			c := part[i]
+			if c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' {
+				c = c - 'A' + 'a'
+			}
+			h.WriteByte(c)
+		}
+	}
+	return h.Sum64()
+}
+
+func (r Name) slice(from, to PartKind) Name {
+	var v Name
+	copy(v.parts[from:to+1], r.parts[from:to+1])
+	return v
+}
+
+// DisplayShortest returns the shortest possible, masked display string in form:
+//
+//	[host/][<namespace>/]<model>[:<tag>]
+//
+// # Masks
+//
+// The mask is a string that specifies which parts of the name to omit based
+// on case-insensitive comparison. [Name.DisplayShortest] omits parts of the name
+// that are the same as the mask, moving from left to right until the first
+// unequal part is found. It then moves right to left until the first unequal
+// part is found. The result is the shortest possible display string.
+//
+// Unlike a [Name] the mask can contain "?" characters which are treated as
+// wildcards. A "?" will never match a part of the name, since a valid name
+// can never contain a "?" character.
+//
+// For example: Given a Name ("registry.ollama.ai/library/mistral:latest") masked
+// with ("registry.ollama.ai/library/?:latest") will produce the display string
+// ("mistral").
+//
+// If mask is the empty string, then [MaskDefault] is used.
+//
+// DisplayShortest panics if the mask is not the empty string, MaskNothing, and
+// invalid.
+//
+// # Builds
+//
+// For now, DisplayShortest does consider the build or return one in the
+// result. We can lift this restriction when needed.
+func (r Name) DisplayShortest(mask string) string {
+	mask = cmp.Or(mask, MaskDefault)
+	d := parseMask(mask)
+	if mask != MaskNothing && r.IsZero() {
+		panic("invalid Name")
+	}
+	for i := range PartTag {
+		if !strings.EqualFold(r.parts[i], d.parts[i]) {
+			break
+		}
+		r.parts[i] = ""
+	}
+	for i := PartTag; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if !strings.EqualFold(r.parts[i], d.parts[i]) {
+			break
+		}
+		r.parts[i] = ""
+	}
+	return r.slice(PartHost, PartTag).DisplayLong()
+}
+
+// DisplayLongest returns the result of r.DisplayShortest(MaskNothing).
+func (r Name) DisplayLongest() string {
+	return r.DisplayShortest(MaskNothing)
+}
+
+var seps = [...]string{
+	PartHost:      "/",
+	PartNamespace: "/",
+	PartModel:     ":",
+	PartTag:       "+",
+	PartBuild:     "@",
+	PartDigest:    "",
+}
+
+// WriteTo implements io.WriterTo. It writes the fullest possible display
+// string in form:
+//
+//	<host>/<namespace>/<model>:<tag>+<build>@<digest-type>-<digest>
+//
+// Missing parts and their separators are not written.
+//
+// The full digest is always prefixed with "@". That is if [Name.IsValid]
+// reports false and [Name.IsResolved] reports true, then the string is
+// returned as "@<digest-type>-<digest>".
+func (r Name) writeTo(w io.StringWriter) error {
+	var partsWritten int
+	for i := range r.parts {
+		if r.parts[i] == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if partsWritten > 0 || i == int(PartDigest) {
+			if _, err := w.WriteString(seps[i-1]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if _, err := w.WriteString(r.parts[i]); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		partsWritten++
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var builderPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() interface{} {
+		return &strings.Builder{}
+	},
+}
+
+// DisplayLong returns the fullest possible display string in form:
+//
+//	<host>/<namespace>/<model>:<tag>+<build>
+//
+// If any part is missing, it is omitted from the display string.
+func (r Name) DisplayLong() string {
+	b := builderPool.Get().(*strings.Builder)
+	defer builderPool.Put(b)
+	b.Reset()
+	b.Grow(50) // arbitrarily long enough for most names
+	_ = r.writeTo(b)
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// GoString implements fmt.GoStringer. It returns a string suitable for
+// debugging and logging. It is similar to [Name.DisplayLong] but it always
+// returns a string that includes all parts of the Name, with missing parts
+// replaced with a ("?").
+func (r Name) GoString() string {
+	for i := range r.parts {
+		r.parts[i] = cmp.Or(r.parts[i], "?")
+	}
+	return r.DisplayLong()
+}
+
+// LogValue implements slog.Valuer.
+func (r Name) LogValue() slog.Value {
+	return slog.StringValue(r.GoString())
+}
+
+// IsComplete reports whether the Name is fully qualified. That is it has a
+// domain, namespace, name, tag, and build.
+func (r Name) IsComplete() bool {
+	return !slices.Contains(r.parts[:PartDigest], "")
+}
+
+// IsCompleteNoBuild is like [Name.IsComplete] but it does not require the
+// build part to be present.
+func (r Name) IsCompleteNoBuild() bool {
+	return !slices.Contains(r.parts[:PartBuild], "")
+}
+
+// IsResolved reports true if the Name has a valid digest.
+//
+// It is possible to have a valid Name, or a complete Name that is not
+// resolved.
+func (r Name) IsResolved() bool {
+	return r.Digest().IsValid()
+}
+
+// Digest returns the digest part of the Name, if any.
+//
+// If Digest returns a non-empty string, then [Name.IsResolved] will return
+// true, and digest is considered valid.
+func (r Name) Digest() Digest {
+	// This was already validated by ParseName, so we can just return it.
+	return Digest{r.parts[PartDigest]}
+}
+
+// EqualFold reports whether r and o are equivalent model names, ignoring
+// case.
+func (r Name) EqualFold(o Name) bool {
+	return r.CompareFold(o) == 0
+}
+
+// CompareFold performs a case-insensitive cmp.Compare on r and o.
+//
+// This can be used with [slices.SortFunc].
+//
+// For simple equality checks, use [Name.EqualFold].
+func (r Name) CompareFold(o Name) int {
+	return slices.CompareFunc(r.parts[:], o.parts[:], compareFold)
+}
+
+func compareFold(a, b string) int {
+	return slices.CompareFunc([]rune(a), []rune(b), func(a, b rune) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(downcase(a), downcase(b))
+	})
+}
+
+func downcase(r rune) rune {
+	if r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z' {
+		return r - 'A' + 'a'
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+func (r Name) Host() string      { return r.parts[PartHost] }
+func (r Name) Namespace() string { return r.parts[PartNamespace] }
+func (r Name) Model() string     { return r.parts[PartModel] }
+func (r Name) Build() string     { return r.parts[PartBuild] }
+func (r Name) Tag() string       { return r.parts[PartTag] }
+
+// iter_Seq2 is a iter.Seq2 defined here to avoid the current build
+// restrictions in the go1.22 iter package requiring the
+// goexperiment.rangefunc tag to be set via the GOEXPERIMENT=rangefunc flag,
+// which we are not yet ready to support.
+//
+// Once we are ready to support rangefunc, this can be removed and replaced
+// with the iter.Seq2 type.
+type iter_Seq2[A, B any] func(func(A, B) bool)
+
+// Parts returns a sequence of the parts of a Name string from most specific
+// to least specific.
+//
+// It normalizes the input string by removing "http://" and "https://" only.
+// No other normalizations are performed.
+func parts(s string) iter_Seq2[PartKind, string] {
+	return func(yield func(PartKind, string) bool) {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(s, "http://") {
+			s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "http://")
+		} else {
+			s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "https://")
+		}
+
+		if len(s) > MaxNamePartLen || len(s) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+
+		partLen := 0
+		state, j := PartDigest, len(s)
+		for i := len(s) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if partLen++; partLen > MaxNamePartLen {
+				// catch a part that is too long early, so
+				// we don't keep spinning on it, waiting for
+				// an isInValidPart check which would scan
+				// over it again.
+				yield(state, s[i+1:j])
+				return
+			}
+
+			switch s[i] {
+			case '@':
+				switch state {
+				case PartDigest:
+					if !yield(PartDigest, s[i+1:j]) {
+						return
+					}
+					if i == 0 {
+						// This is the form
+						// "@<digest>" which is valid.
+						//
+						// We're done.
+						return
+					}
+					state, j, partLen = PartBuild, i, 0
+				default:
+					yield(PartExtraneous, s[i+1:j])
+					return
+				}
+			case '+':
+				switch state {
+				case PartBuild, PartDigest:
+					if !yield(PartBuild, s[i+1:j]) {
+						return
+					}
+					state, j, partLen = PartTag, i, 0
+				default:
+					yield(PartExtraneous, s[i+1:j])
+					return
+				}
+			case ':':
+				switch state {
+				case PartTag, PartBuild, PartDigest:
+					if !yield(PartTag, s[i+1:j]) {
+						return
+					}
+					state, j, partLen = PartModel, i, 0
+				case PartHost:
+					// noop: support for host:port
+				default:
+					yield(PartExtraneous, s[i+1:j])
+					return
+				}
+			case '/':
+				switch state {
+				case PartModel, PartTag, PartBuild, PartDigest:
+					if !yield(PartModel, s[i+1:j]) {
+						return
+					}
+					state, j = PartNamespace, i
+				case PartNamespace:
+					if !yield(PartNamespace, s[i+1:j]) {
+						return
+					}
+					state, j, partLen = PartHost, i, 0
+				default:
+					yield(PartExtraneous, s[i+1:j])
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if state <= PartNamespace {
+			yield(state, s[:j])
+		} else {
+			yield(PartModel, s[:j])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r Name) IsZero() bool {
+	return r.parts == [NumParts]string{}
+}
+
+// IsValid reports if a model has at minimum a valid model part.
+func (r Name) IsValid() bool {
+	// Parts ensures we only have valid parts, so no need to validate
+	// them here, only check if we have a name or not.
+	return r.parts[PartModel] != ""
+}
+
+// ParseNameFromURLPath parses forms of a URL path into a Name. Specifically,
+// it trims any leading "/" and then calls [ParseName] with fill.
+func ParseNameFromURLPath(s, fill string) Name {
+	s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "/")
+	return ParseNameFill(s, fill)
+}
+
+func ParseNameFromURLPathFill(s, fill string) Name {
+	return ParseNameFill(s, fill)
+}
+
+// URLPath returns a complete, canonicalized, relative URL path using the parts of a
+// complete Name.
+//
+// The parts maintain their original case.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	ParseName("example.com/namespace/model:tag+build").URLPath() // returns "/example.com/namespace/model:tag"
+func (r Name) DisplayURLPath() string {
+	return r.DisplayShortest(MaskNothing)
+}
+
+// URLPath returns a complete, canonicalized, relative URL path using the parts of a
+// complete Name in the form:
+//
+//	<host>/<namespace>/<model>/<tag>
+//
+// The parts are downcased.
+func (r Name) URLPath() string {
+	return strings.ToLower(path.Join(r.parts[:PartBuild]...))
+}
+
+// ParseNameFromFilepath parses a file path into a Name. The input string must be a
+// valid file path representation of a model name in the form:
+//
+//	host/namespace/model/tag/build
+//
+// The zero valid is returned if s does not contain all path elements
+// leading up to the model part, or if any path element is an invalid part
+// for the its corresponding part kind.
+//
+// The fill string is used to fill in missing parts of any constructed Name.
+// See [ParseName] for more information on the fill string.
+func ParseNameFromFilepath(s, fill string) Name {
+	var r Name
+	for i := range PartBuild + 1 {
+		part, rest, _ := strings.Cut(s, string(filepath.Separator))
+		if !IsValidNamePart(i, part) {
+			return Name{}
+		}
+		r.parts[i] = part
+		s = rest
+		if s == "" {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if s != "" {
+		return Name{}
+	}
+	if !r.IsValid() {
+		return Name{}
+	}
+	return fillName(r, fill)
+}
+
+// Filepath returns a complete, canonicalized, relative file path using the
+// parts of a complete Name.
+//
+// Each parts is downcased, except for the build part which is upcased.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	ParseName("example.com/namespace/model:tag+build").Filepath() // returns "example.com/namespace/model/tag/BUILD"
+func (r Name) Filepath() string {
+	for i := range r.parts {
+		if PartKind(i) == PartBuild {
+			r.parts[i] = strings.ToUpper(r.parts[i])
+		} else {
+			r.parts[i] = strings.ToLower(r.parts[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(r.parts[:]...)
+}
+
+// FilepathNoBuild returns a complete, canonicalized, relative file path using
+// the parts of a complete Name, but without the build part.
+func (r Name) FilepathNoBuild() string {
+	for i := range PartBuild {
+		r.parts[i] = strings.ToLower(r.parts[i])
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(r.parts[:PartBuild]...)
+}
+
+// IsValidNamePart reports if s contains all valid characters for the given
+// part kind and is under MaxNamePartLen bytes.
+func IsValidNamePart(kind PartKind, s string) bool {
+	if len(s) > MaxNamePartLen {
+		return false
+	}
+	if s == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	var consecutiveDots int
+	for i, c := range []byte(s) {
+		if i == 0 && !isAlphaNumeric(c) {
+			return false
+		}
+		if c == '.' {
+			if consecutiveDots++; consecutiveDots >= 2 {
+				return false
+			}
+		} else {
+			consecutiveDots = 0
+		}
+		if !isValidByteFor(kind, c) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func isAlphaNumeric(c byte) bool {
+	return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' || c >= '0' && c <= '9'
+}
+
+func isValidByteFor(kind PartKind, c byte) bool {
+	if kind == PartNamespace && c == '.' {
+		return false
+	}
+	if kind == PartHost && c == ':' {
+		return true
+	}
+	if c == '.' || c == '-' {
+		return true
+	}
+	if c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' || c >= '0' && c <= '9' || c == '_' {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

types/model/name_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
+package model
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type fields struct {
+	host, namespace, model, tag, build string
+	digest                             string
+}
+
+func fieldsFromName(p Name) fields {
+	return fields{
+		host:      p.parts[PartHost],
+		namespace: p.parts[PartNamespace],
+		model:     p.parts[PartModel],
+		tag:       p.parts[PartTag],
+		build:     p.parts[PartBuild],
+		digest:    p.parts[PartDigest],
+	}
+}
+
+var testNames = map[string]fields{
+	"mistral:latest":                 {model: "mistral", tag: "latest"},
+	"mistral":                        {model: "mistral"},
+	"mistral:30B":                    {model: "mistral", tag: "30B"},
+	"mistral:7b":                     {model: "mistral", tag: "7b"},
+	"mistral:7b+Q4_0":                {model: "mistral", tag: "7b", build: "Q4_0"},
+	"mistral+KQED":                   {model: "mistral", build: "KQED"},
+	"mistral.x-3:7b+Q4_0":            {model: "mistral.x-3", tag: "7b", build: "Q4_0"},
+	"mistral:7b+q4_0":                {model: "mistral", tag: "7b", build: "q4_0"},
+	"llama2":                         {model: "llama2"},
+	"user/model":                     {namespace: "user", model: "model"},
+	"example.com/ns/mistral:7b+Q4_0": {host: "example.com", namespace: "ns", model: "mistral", tag: "7b", build: "Q4_0"},
+	"example.com/ns/mistral:7b+X":    {host: "example.com", namespace: "ns", model: "mistral", tag: "7b", build: "X"},
+	"localhost:5000/ns/mistral":      {host: "localhost:5000", namespace: "ns", model: "mistral"},
+
+	// invalid digest
+	"mistral:latest@invalid256-": {},
+	"mistral:latest@-123":        {},
+	"mistral:latest@!-123":       {},
+	"mistral:latest@1-!":         {},
+	"mistral:latest@":            {},
+
+	// resolved
+	"x@sha123-12": {model: "x", digest: "sha123-12"},
+	"@sha456-22":  {digest: "sha456-22"},
+	"@sha456-1":  {},
+	"@@sha123-22": {},
+
+	// preserves case for build
+	"x+b": {model: "x", build: "b"},
+
+	// invalid (includes fuzzing trophies)
+	" / / : + ": {},
+	" / : + ":   {},
+	" : + ":     {},
+	" + ":       {},
+	" : ":       {},
+	" / ":       {},
+	" /":        {},
+	"/ ":        {},
+	"/":         {},
+	":":         {},
+	"+":         {},
+
+	// (".") in namepsace is not allowed
+	"invalid.com/7b+x": {},
+
+	"invalid:7b+Q4_0:latest": {},
+	"in valid":               {},
+	"invalid/y/z/foo":        {},
+	"/0":                     {},
+	"0 /0":                   {},
+	"0 /":                    {},
+	"0/":                     {},
+	":/0":                    {},
+	"+0/00000":               {},
+	"0+.\xf2\x80\xf6\x9d00000\xe5\x99\xe6\xd900\xd90\xa60\x91\xdc0\xff\xbf\x99\xe800\xb9\xdc\xd6\xc300\x970\xfb\xfd0\xe0\x8a\xe1\xad\xd40\x9700\xa80\x980\xdd0000\xb00\x91000\xfe0\x89\x9b\x90\x93\x9f0\xe60\xf7\x84\xb0\x87\xa5\xff0\xa000\x9a\x85\xf6\x85\xfe\xa9\xf9\xe9\xde00\xf4\xe0\x8f\x81\xad\xde00\xd700\xaa\xe000000\xb1\xee0\x91": {},
+	"0//0":                        {},
+	"m+^^^":                       {},
+	"file:///etc/passwd":          {},
+	"file:///etc/passwd:latest":   {},
+	"file:///etc/passwd:latest+u": {},
+
+	":x": {},
+	"+x": {},
+	"x+": {},
+
+	// Disallow ("\.+") in any part to prevent path traversal anywhere
+	// we convert the name to a path.
+	"../etc/passwd":  {},
+	".../etc/passwd": {},
+	"./../passwd":    {},
+	"./0+..":         {},
+
+	"-h": {},
+
+	strings.Repeat("a", MaxNamePartLen):   {model: strings.Repeat("a", MaxNamePartLen)},
+	strings.Repeat("a", MaxNamePartLen+1): {},
+}
+
+func TestIsValidNameLen(t *testing.T) {
+	if IsValidNamePart(PartNamespace, strings.Repeat("a", MaxNamePartLen+1)) {
+		t.Errorf("unexpectedly valid long name")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestConsecutiveDots tests that consecutive dots are not allowed in any
+// part, to avoid path traversal. There also are some tests in testNames, but
+// this test is more exhaustive and exists to emphasize the importance of
+// preventing path traversal.
+func TestNameConsecutiveDots(t *testing.T) {
+	for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {
+		s := "a" + strings.Repeat(".", i)
+		if i > 1 {
+			if g := ParseNameFill(s, FillNothing).DisplayLong(); g != "" {
+				t.Errorf("ParseName(%q) = %q; want empty string", s, g)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if g := ParseNameFill(s, FillNothing).DisplayLong(); g != s {
+				t.Errorf("ParseName(%q) = %q; want %q", s, g, s)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNameParts(t *testing.T) {
+	var p Name
+	if w, g := int(NumParts), len(p.parts); w != g {
+		t.Errorf("Parts() = %d; want %d", g, w)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNamePartString(t *testing.T) {
+	if g := PartKind(-2).String(); g != "Unknown" {
+		t.Errorf("Unknown part = %q; want %q", g, "Unknown")
+	}
+	for kind, name := range kindNames {
+		if g := kind.String(); g != name {
+			t.Errorf("%s = %q; want %q", kind, g, name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseName(t *testing.T) {
+	for baseName, want := range testNames {
+		for _, prefix := range []string{"", "https://", "http://"} {
+			// We should get the same results with or without the
+			// http(s) prefixes
+			s := prefix + baseName
+
+			t.Run(s, func(t *testing.T) {
+				name := ParseNameFill(s, FillNothing)
+				got := fieldsFromName(name)
+				if got != want {
+					t.Errorf("ParseName(%q) = %q; want %q", s, got, want)
+				}
+
+				// test round-trip
+				if !ParseNameFill(name.DisplayLong(), FillNothing).EqualFold(name) {
+					t.Errorf("ParseName(%q).String() = %s; want %s", s, name.DisplayLong(), baseName)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseNameFill(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		fill string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"mistral", "example.com/library/?:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0"},
+		{"mistral", "example.com/library/?:latest", "example.com/library/mistral:latest"},
+		{"llama2:x", "example.com/library/?:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/llama2:x+Q4_0"},
+
+		// Invalid
+		{"", "example.com/library/?:latest+Q4_0", ""},
+		{"llama2:?", "example.com/library/?:latest+Q4_0", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			name := ParseNameFill(tt.in, tt.fill)
+			if g := name.DisplayLong(); g != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ParseName(%q, %q) = %q; want %q", tt.in, tt.fill, g, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("invalid fill", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defer func() {
+			if recover() == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected panic")
+			}
+		}()
+		ParseNameFill("x", "^")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestParseNameHTTPDoublePrefixStrip(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{
+		"http://https://valid.com/valid/valid:latest",
+		"https://http://valid.com/valid/valid:latest",
+	}
+	for _, s := range cases {
+		t.Run(s, func(t *testing.T) {
+			name := ParseNameFill(s, FillNothing)
+			if name.IsValid() {
+				t.Errorf("expected invalid path; got %#v", name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+}
+
+func TestCompleteWithAndWithoutBuild(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in              string
+		complete        bool
+		completeNoBuild bool
+	}{
+		{"", false, false},
+		{"incomplete/mistral:7b+x", false, false},
+		{"incomplete/mistral:7b+Q4_0", false, false},
+		{"incomplete:7b+x", false, false},
+		{"complete.com/x/mistral:latest+Q4_0", true, true},
+		{"complete.com/x/mistral:latest", false, true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := ParseNameFill(tt.in, FillNothing)
+			t.Logf("ParseName(%q) = %#v", tt.in, p)
+			if g := p.IsComplete(); g != tt.complete {
+				t.Errorf("Complete(%q) = %v; want %v", tt.in, g, tt.complete)
+			}
+			if g := p.IsCompleteNoBuild(); g != tt.completeNoBuild {
+				t.Errorf("CompleteNoBuild(%q) = %v; want %v", tt.in, g, tt.completeNoBuild)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Complete uses Parts which returns a slice, but it should be
+	// inlined when used in Complete, preventing any allocations or
+	// escaping to the heap.
+	allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, func() {
+		keep(ParseNameFill("complete.com/x/mistral:latest+Q4_0", FillNothing).IsComplete())
+	})
+	if allocs > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Complete allocs = %v; want 0", allocs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNameLogValue(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{
+		"example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+		"mistral:latest",
+		"mistral:7b+Q4_0",
+	}
+	for _, s := range cases {
+		t.Run(s, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var b bytes.Buffer
+			log := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(&b, nil))
+			name := ParseNameFill(s, FillNothing)
+			log.Info("", "name", name)
+			want := fmt.Sprintf("name=%s", name.GoString())
+			got := b.String()
+			if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+				t.Errorf("expected log output to contain %q; got %q", want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNameGoString(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name         string
+		in           string
+		wantString   string
+		wantGoString string // default is tt.in
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "Complete Name",
+			in:           "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+			wantGoString: "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0@?",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Short Name",
+			in:           "mistral:latest",
+			wantGoString: "?/?/mistral:latest+?@?",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Long Name",
+			in:           "library/mistral:latest",
+			wantGoString: "?/library/mistral:latest+?@?",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Case Preserved",
+			in:           "Library/Mistral:Latest",
+			wantGoString: "?/Library/Mistral:Latest+?@?",
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "With digest",
+			in:           "Library/Mistral:Latest@sha256-123456",
+			wantGoString: "?/Library/Mistral:Latest+?@sha256-123456",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := ParseNameFill(tt.in, FillNothing)
+			tt.wantGoString = cmp.Or(tt.wantGoString, tt.in)
+			if g := fmt.Sprintf("%#v", p); g != tt.wantGoString {
+				t.Errorf("GoString() = %q; want %q", g, tt.wantGoString)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDisplayLongest(t *testing.T) {
+	g := ParseNameFill("example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", FillNothing).DisplayLongest()
+	if g != "example.com/library/mistral:latest" {
+		t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", g, "example.com/library/mistral:latest")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDisplayShortest(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in        string
+		mask      string
+		want      string
+		wantPanic bool
+	}{
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/?:latest", "mistral", false},
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/?/?:latest", "library/mistral", false},
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "", "example.com/library/mistral", false},
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "", "example.com/library/mistral", false},
+
+		// case-insensitive
+		{"Example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/?:latest", "mistral", false},
+		{"example.com/Library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/?:latest", "mistral", false},
+		{"example.com/library/Mistral:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/?:latest", "Mistral", false},
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:Latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/?:latest", "mistral", false},
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:Latest+q4_0", "example.com/library/?:latest", "mistral", false},
+
+		// zero value
+		{"", MaskDefault, "", true},
+
+		// invalid mask
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/mistral", "", true},
+
+		// DefaultMask
+		{"registry.ollama.ai/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", MaskDefault, "mistral", false},
+
+		// Auto-Fill
+		{"x", "example.com/library/?:latest", "x", false},
+		{"x", "example.com/library/?:latest+Q4_0", "x", false},
+		{"x/y:z", "a.com/library/?:latest+Q4_0", "x/y:z", false},
+		{"x/y:z", "a.com/library/?:latest+Q4_0", "x/y:z", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
+			defer func() {
+				if tt.wantPanic {
+					if recover() == nil {
+						t.Errorf("expected panic")
+					}
+				}
+			}()
+
+			p := ParseNameFill(tt.in, FillNothing)
+			t.Logf("ParseName(%q) = %#v", tt.in, p)
+			if g := p.DisplayShortest(tt.mask); g != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", g, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseNameAllocs(t *testing.T) {
+	allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, func() {
+		keep(ParseNameFill("example.com/mistral:7b+Q4_0", FillNothing))
+	})
+	if allocs > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("ParseName allocs = %v; want 0", allocs)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkParseName(b *testing.B) {
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	for range b.N {
+		keep(ParseNameFill("example.com/mistral:7b+Q4_0", FillNothing))
+	}
+}
+
+func FuzzParseNameFromFilepath(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Add("example.com/library/mistral/7b/Q4_0")
+	f.Add("example.com/../mistral/7b/Q4_0")
+	f.Add("example.com/x/../7b/Q4_0")
+	f.Add("example.com/x/../7b")
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string) {
+		name := ParseNameFromFilepath(s, FillNothing)
+		if strings.Contains(s, "..") && !name.IsZero() {
+			t.Fatalf("non-zero value for path with '..': %q", s)
+		}
+		if name.IsValid() == name.IsZero() {
+			t.Errorf("expected valid path to be non-zero value; got %#v", name)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func FuzzParseName(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Add("example.com/mistral:7b+Q4_0")
+	f.Add("example.com/mistral:7b+q4_0")
+	f.Add("example.com/mistral:7b+x")
+	f.Add("x/y/z:8n+I")
+	f.Add(":x")
+	f.Add("@sha256-123456")
+	f.Add("example.com/mistral:latest+Q4_0@sha256-123456")
+	f.Add(":@!@")
+	f.Add("...")
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string) {
+		r0 := ParseNameFill(s, FillNothing)
+
+		if strings.Contains(s, "..") && !r0.IsZero() {
+			t.Fatalf("non-zero value for path with '..': %q", s)
+		}
+
+		if !r0.IsValid() && !r0.IsResolved() {
+			if !r0.EqualFold(Name{}) {
+				t.Errorf("expected invalid path to be zero value; got %#v", r0)
+			}
+			t.Skipf("invalid path: %q", s)
+		}
+
+		for _, p := range r0.parts {
+			if len(p) > MaxNamePartLen {
+				t.Errorf("part too long: %q", p)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !strings.EqualFold(r0.DisplayLong(), s) {
+			t.Errorf("String() did not round-trip with case insensitivity: %q\ngot  = %q\nwant = %q", s, r0.DisplayLong(), s)
+		}
+
+		r1 := ParseNameFill(r0.DisplayLong(), FillNothing)
+		if !r0.EqualFold(r1) {
+			t.Errorf("round-trip mismatch: %+v != %+v", r0, r1)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNameStringAllocs(t *testing.T) {
+	name := ParseNameFill("example.com/ns/mistral:latest+Q4_0", FillNothing)
+	allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, func() {
+		keep(name.DisplayLong())
+	})
+	if allocs > 1 {
+		t.Errorf("String allocs = %v; want 0", allocs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNamePath(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", "example.com/library/mistral:latest"},
+
+		// incomplete
+		{"example.com/library/mistral:latest", "example.com/library/mistral:latest"},
+		{"", ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := ParseNameFill(tt.in, FillNothing)
+			t.Logf("ParseName(%q) = %#v", tt.in, p)
+			if g := p.DisplayURLPath(); g != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", g, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNameFilepath(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in          string
+		want        string
+		wantNoBuild string
+	}{
+		{
+			in:          "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+			want:        "example.com/library/mistral/latest/Q4_0",
+			wantNoBuild: "example.com/library/mistral/latest",
+		},
+		{
+			in:          "Example.Com/Library/Mistral:Latest+Q4_0",
+			want:        "example.com/library/mistral/latest/Q4_0",
+			wantNoBuild: "example.com/library/mistral/latest",
+		},
+		{
+			in:          "Example.Com/Library/Mistral:Latest+Q4_0",
+			want:        "example.com/library/mistral/latest/Q4_0",
+			wantNoBuild: "example.com/library/mistral/latest",
+		},
+		{
+			in:          "example.com/library/mistral:latest",
+			want:        "example.com/library/mistral/latest",
+			wantNoBuild: "example.com/library/mistral/latest",
+		},
+		{
+			in:          "",
+			want:        "",
+			wantNoBuild: "",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := ParseNameFill(tt.in, FillNothing)
+			t.Logf("ParseName(%q) = %#v", tt.in, p)
+			g := p.Filepath()
+			g = filepath.ToSlash(g)
+			if g != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", g, tt.want)
+			}
+			g = p.FilepathNoBuild()
+			g = filepath.ToSlash(g)
+			if g != tt.wantNoBuild {
+				t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", g, tt.wantNoBuild)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseNameFilepath(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		fill string // default is FillNothing
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/library/mistral/latest/Q4_0",
+			want: "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/library/mistral/latest",
+			fill: "?/?/?:latest+Q4_0",
+			want: "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/library/mistral",
+			fill: "?/?/?:latest+Q4_0",
+			want: "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/library",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/^/mistral/latest/Q4_0",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/library/mistral/../Q4_0",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/library/mistral/latest/Q4_0/extra",
+			want: "",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := strings.ReplaceAll(tt.in, "/", string(filepath.Separator))
+			fill := cmp.Or(tt.fill, FillNothing)
+			want := ParseNameFill(tt.want, fill)
+			if g := ParseNameFromFilepath(in, fill); !g.EqualFold(want) {
+				t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", g.DisplayLong(), tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseNameFromPath(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		want string
+		fill string // default is FillNothing
+	}{
+		{
+			in:   "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+			want: "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "/example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+			want: "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "/example.com/library/mistral",
+			want: "example.com/library/mistral",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "/example.com/library/mistral",
+			fill: "?/?/?:latest+Q4_0",
+			want: "example.com/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "/example.com/library",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "/example.com/",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			in:   "/example.com/^/mistral/latest",
+			want: "",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fill := cmp.Or(tt.fill, FillNothing)
+			if g := ParseNameFromURLPath(tt.in, fill); g.DisplayLong() != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("got = %q; want %q", g.DisplayLong(), tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func ExampleName_MapHash() {
+	m := map[uint64]bool{}
+
+	// key 1
+	m[ParseNameFill("mistral:latest+q4", FillNothing).MapHash()] = true
+	m[ParseNameFill("miSTRal:latest+Q4", FillNothing).MapHash()] = true
+	m[ParseNameFill("mistral:LATest+Q4", FillNothing).MapHash()] = true
+
+	// key 2
+	m[ParseNameFill("mistral:LATest", FillNothing).MapHash()] = true
+
+	fmt.Println(len(m))
+	// Output:
+	// 2
+}
+
+func ExampleName_CompareFold_sort() {
+	names := []Name{
+		ParseNameFill("mistral:latest", FillNothing),
+		ParseNameFill("mistRal:7b+q4", FillNothing),
+		ParseNameFill("MIstral:7b", FillNothing),
+	}
+
+	slices.SortFunc(names, Name.CompareFold)
+
+	for _, n := range names {
+		fmt.Println(n.DisplayLong())
+	}
+
+	// Output:
+	// MIstral:7b
+	// mistRal:7b+q4
+	// mistral:latest
+}
+
+func ExampleName_completeAndResolved() {
+	for _, s := range []string{
+		"x/y/z:latest+q4_0@sha123-abc",
+		"x/y/z:latest+q4_0",
+		"@sha123-abc",
+	} {
+		name := ParseNameFill(s, FillNothing)
+		fmt.Printf("complete:%v resolved:%v  digest:%s\n", name.IsComplete(), name.IsResolved(), name.Digest())
+	}
+
+	// Output:
+	// complete:true resolved:true  digest:sha123-abc
+	// complete:true resolved:false  digest:
+	// complete:false resolved:true  digest:sha123-abc
+}
+
+func ExampleName_DisplayShortest() {
+	name := ParseNameFill("example.com/jmorganca/mistral:latest+Q4_0", FillNothing)
+
+	fmt.Println(name.DisplayShortest("example.com/jmorganca/?:latest"))
+	fmt.Println(name.DisplayShortest("example.com/?/?:latest"))
+	fmt.Println(name.DisplayShortest("example.com/?/?:?"))
+	fmt.Println(name.DisplayShortest("?/?/?:?"))
+
+	// Default
+	name = ParseNameFill("registry.ollama.ai/library/mistral:latest+Q4_0", FillNothing)
+	fmt.Println(name.DisplayShortest(""))
+
+	// Output:
+	// mistral
+	// jmorganca/mistral
+	// jmorganca/mistral:latest
+	// example.com/jmorganca/mistral:latest
+	// mistral
+}
+
+func keep[T any](v T) T { return v }

types/model/testdata/fuzz/FuzzParseRef/1d43ee52085cb4aa

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+string("/0")

types/model/testdata/fuzz/FuzzParseRef/27fd759314f0e6d6

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+string("0//0")

types/model/testdata/fuzz/FuzzParseRef/3e3b70dba384074d

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+string("0 /0")

types/model/testdata/fuzz/FuzzParseRef/71f1fdff711b6dab

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+string("+0/00000")

types/model/testdata/fuzz/FuzzParseRef/82c2975c430ac608

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+string(":")

types/model/testdata/fuzz/FuzzParseRef/b51b1c875e61a948

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+go test fuzz v1
+string("0+.\xf2\x80\xf6\x9d00000\xe5\x99\xe6\xd900\xd90\xa60\x91\xdc0\xff\xbf\x99\xe800\xb9\xdc\xd6\xc300\x970\xfb\xfd0\xe0\x8a\xe1\xad\xd40\x9700\xa80\x980\xdd0000\xb00\x91000\xfe0\x89\x9b\x90\x93\x9f0\xe60\xf7\x84\xb0\x87\xa5\xff0\xa000\x9a\x85\xf6\x85\xfe\xa9\xf9\xe9\xde00\xf4\xe0\x8f\x81\xad\xde00\xd700\xaa\xe000000\xb1\xee0\x91")

types/structs/structs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright (c) Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+// Package structs contains the Incomparable type.
+package structs
+
+// Incomparable is a zero-width incomparable type. If added as the
+// first field in a struct, it marks that struct as not comparable
+// (can't do == or be a map key) and usually doesn't add any width to
+// the struct (unless the struct has only small fields).
+//
+// By making a struct incomparable, you can prevent misuse (prevent
+// people from using ==), but also you can shrink generated binaries,
+// as the compiler can omit equality funcs from the binary.
+type Incomparable [0]func()