server: do partial gguf kv read for capability check

fs/gguf/gguf.go

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+package gguf
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"iter"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const (
+	typeUint8 uint32 = iota
+	typeInt8
+	typeUint16
+	typeInt16
+	typeUint32
+	typeInt32
+	typeFloat32
+	typeBool
+	typeString
+	typeArray
+	typeUint64
+	typeInt64
+	typeFloat64
+)
+
+var ErrUnsupported = errors.New("unsupported")
+
+type File struct {
+	Magic   [4]byte
+	Version uint32
+
+	keyValues *lazy[KeyValue]
+	tensors   *lazy[TensorInfo]
+	offset    int64
+
+	file   *os.File
+	reader *readSeeker
+	bts    []byte
+}
+
+func Open(path string) (f *File, err error) {
+	f = &File{bts: make([]byte, 4096)}
+	f.file, err = os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	f.reader = newReadSeeker(f.file, 32<<10)
+
+	if err := binary.Read(f.reader, binary.LittleEndian, &f.Magic); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if bytes.Equal(f.Magic[:], []byte("gguf")) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w file type %v", ErrUnsupported, f.Magic)
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Read(f.reader, binary.LittleEndian, &f.Version); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if f.Version != 3 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w version %v", ErrUnsupported, f.Version)
+	}
+
+	f.tensors, err = newLazy(f, f.readTensor)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	f.tensors.doneFunc = func() error {
+		offset, err := f.reader.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		alignment := cmp.Or(f.KeyValue("general.alignment").Int(), 32)
+		f.offset = offset + (alignment-offset%alignment)%alignment
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	f.keyValues, err = newLazy(f, f.readKeyValue)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+func (f *File) readTensor() (TensorInfo, error) {
+	name, err := readString(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return TensorInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	dims, err := read[uint32](f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return TensorInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	shape := make([]uint64, dims)
+	for i := range dims {
+		shape[i], err = read[uint64](f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return TensorInfo{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	type_, err := read[uint32](f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return TensorInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	offset, err := read[uint64](f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return TensorInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	return TensorInfo{
+		Name:   name,
+		Offset: offset,
+		Shape:  shape,
+		Type:   TensorType(type_),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *File) readKeyValue() (KeyValue, error) {
+	key, err := readString(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return KeyValue{}, err
+	}
+
+	t, err := read[uint32](f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return KeyValue{}, err
+	}
+
+	value, err := func() (any, error) {
+		switch t {
+		case typeUint8:
+			return read[uint8](f)
+		case typeInt8:
+			return read[int8](f)
+		case typeUint16:
+			return read[uint16](f)
+		case typeInt16:
+			return read[int16](f)
+		case typeUint32:
+			return read[uint32](f)
+		case typeInt32:
+			return read[int32](f)
+		case typeUint64:
+			return read[uint64](f)
+		case typeInt64:
+			return read[int64](f)
+		case typeFloat32:
+			return read[float32](f)
+		case typeFloat64:
+			return read[float64](f)
+		case typeBool:
+			return read[bool](f)
+		case typeString:
+			return readString(f)
+		case typeArray:
+			return readArray(f)
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w type %d", ErrUnsupported, t)
+		}
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
+		return KeyValue{}, err
+	}
+
+	return KeyValue{
+		Key:   key,
+		Value: Value{value},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func read[T any](f *File) (t T, err error) {
+	err = binary.Read(f.reader, binary.LittleEndian, &t)
+	return t, err
+}
+
+func readString(f *File) (string, error) {
+	n, err := read[uint64](f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if int(n) > len(f.bts) {
+		f.bts = make([]byte, n)
+	}
+
+	bts := f.bts[:n]
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(f.reader, bts); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer clear(bts)
+
+	return string(bts), nil
+}
+
+func readArray(f *File) (any, error) {
+	t, err := read[uint32](f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	n, err := read[uint64](f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch t {
+	case typeUint8:
+		return readArrayData[uint8](f, n)
+	case typeInt8:
+		return readArrayData[int8](f, n)
+	case typeUint16:
+		return readArrayData[uint16](f, n)
+	case typeInt16:
+		return readArrayData[int16](f, n)
+	case typeUint32:
+		return readArrayData[uint32](f, n)
+	case typeInt32:
+		return readArrayData[int32](f, n)
+	case typeUint64:
+		return readArrayData[uint64](f, n)
+	case typeInt64:
+		return readArrayData[int64](f, n)
+	case typeFloat32:
+		return readArrayData[float32](f, n)
+	case typeFloat64:
+		return readArrayData[float64](f, n)
+	case typeBool:
+		return readArrayData[bool](f, n)
+	case typeString:
+		return readArrayString(f, n)
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w type %d", ErrUnsupported, t)
+	}
+}
+
+func readArrayData[T any](f *File, n uint64) (s []T, err error) {
+	s = make([]T, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		e, err := read[T](f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		s[i] = e
+	}
+
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func readArrayString(f *File, n uint64) (s []string, err error) {
+	s = make([]string, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		e, err := readString(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		s[i] = e
+	}
+
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func (f *File) Close() error {
+	f.keyValues.stop()
+	f.tensors.stop()
+	return f.file.Close()
+}
+
+func (f *File) KeyValue(key string) KeyValue {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(key, "general.") && !strings.HasPrefix(key, "tokenizer.") {
+		key = f.KeyValue("general.architecture").String() + "." + key
+	}
+
+	if index := slices.IndexFunc(f.keyValues.values, func(kv KeyValue) bool {
+		return kv.Key == key
+	}); index >= 0 {
+		return f.keyValues.values[index]
+	}
+
+	for keyValue, ok := f.keyValues.next(); ok; keyValue, ok = f.keyValues.next() {
+		if keyValue.Key == key {
+			return keyValue
+		}
+	}
+
+	return KeyValue{}
+}
+
+func (f *File) NumKeyValues() int {
+	return int(f.keyValues.count)
+}
+
+func (f *File) KeyValues() iter.Seq2[int, KeyValue] {
+	return f.keyValues.All()
+}
+
+func (f *File) TensorInfo(name string) TensorInfo {
+	if index := slices.IndexFunc(f.tensors.values, func(t TensorInfo) bool {
+		return t.Name == name
+	}); index >= 0 {
+		return f.tensors.values[index]
+	}
+
+	// fast-forward through key values if we haven't already
+	_ = f.keyValues.rest()
+	for tensor, ok := f.tensors.next(); ok; tensor, ok = f.tensors.next() {
+		if tensor.Name == name {
+			return tensor
+		}
+	}
+
+	return TensorInfo{}
+}
+
+func (f *File) NumTensors() int {
+	return int(f.tensors.count)
+}
+
+func (f *File) TensorInfos() iter.Seq2[int, TensorInfo] {
+	// fast forward through key values if we haven't already
+	f.keyValues.rest()
+	return f.tensors.All()
+}
+
+func (f *File) TensorReader(name string) (TensorInfo, io.Reader, error) {
+	t := f.TensorInfo(name)
+	if t.NumBytes() == 0 {
+		return TensorInfo{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("tensor %s not found", name)
+	}
+
+	// fast forward through tensor info if we haven't already
+	_ = f.tensors.rest()
+	return t, io.NewSectionReader(f.file, f.offset+int64(t.Offset), t.NumBytes()), nil
+}

fs/gguf/gguf_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+package gguf
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestRead(t *testing.T) {
+	// Setup
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	tempFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test.gguf")
+
+	if err := createTestGGUFFile(tempFile, map[string]any{
+		"general.architecture": "llama",
+		"general.alignment":    int64(32),
+	}, []testTensorInfo{
+		{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1000, 512}, Type: 1}, // F16
+		{Name: "output.weight", Shape: []uint64{512, 1000}, Type: 1},     // F16
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	f, err := Open(tempFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	// Test
+	if got := f.NumKeyValues(); got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("NumKeyValues() = %d, want %d", got, 2)
+	}
+	if got := f.NumTensors(); got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("NumTensors() = %d, want %d", got, 2)
+	}
+	archKV := f.KeyValue("general.architecture")
+	if archKV.Key == "" {
+		t.Error("KeyValue(\"general.architecture\") not found")
+	}
+	if got := archKV.String(); got != "llama" {
+		t.Errorf("KeyValue(\"general.architecture\").String() = %q, want %q", got, "llama")
+	}
+	alignKV := f.KeyValue("general.alignment")
+	if alignKV.Key == "" {
+		t.Error("KeyValue(\"general.alignment\") not found")
+	}
+	if got := alignKV.Int(); got != 32 {
+		t.Errorf("KeyValue(\"general.alignment\").Int() = %d, want %d", got, 32)
+	}
+	expectedTensorNames := []string{"token_embd.weight", "output.weight"}
+	var gotTensorNames []string
+	for _, tensor := range f.TensorInfos() {
+		gotTensorNames = append(gotTensorNames, tensor.Name)
+	}
+	if !slices.Equal(gotTensorNames, expectedTensorNames) {
+		t.Errorf("tensor names = %v, want %v", gotTensorNames, expectedTensorNames)
+	}
+	tokenTensor := f.TensorInfo("token_embd.weight")
+	if tokenTensor.Name != "token_embd.weight" {
+		t.Error("TensorInfo(\"token_embd.weight\") not found")
+	}
+	if len(tokenTensor.Shape) == 0 {
+		t.Error("TensorInfo(\"token_embd.weight\") has empty shape")
+	}
+	outputTensor := f.TensorInfo("output.weight")
+	if outputTensor.Name != "output.weight" {
+		t.Error("TensorInfo(\"output.weight\") not found")
+	}
+	if len(outputTensor.Shape) == 0 {
+		t.Error("TensorInfo(\"output.weight\") has empty shape")
+	}
+	var gotKeyCount int
+	for _, kv := range f.KeyValues() {
+		gotKeyCount++
+		if kv.Key == "" {
+			t.Error("found key value with empty key")
+		}
+	}
+	if gotKeyCount != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("iterated key count = %d, want %d", gotKeyCount, 2)
+	}
+	tensorInfo, reader, err := f.TensorReader("token_embd.weight")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("TensorReader(\"token_embd.weight\") error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if tensorInfo.Name != "token_embd.weight" {
+		t.Errorf("TensorReader returned wrong tensor: %q", tensorInfo.Name)
+	}
+	if reader == nil {
+		t.Error("TensorReader returned nil reader")
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkRead(b *testing.B) {
+	// Create benchmark test file
+	tempDir := b.TempDir()
+	tempFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "benchmark.gguf")
+
+	if err := createTestGGUFFile(tempFile, map[string]any{
+		"general.architecture": "llama",
+		"general.alignment":    int64(32),
+	}, []testTensorInfo{
+		{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1000, 512}, Type: 1}, // F16
+		{Name: "output.weight", Shape: []uint64{512, 1000}, Type: 1},     // F16
+	}); err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Get file info for reporting
+	info, err := os.Stat(tempFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	b.Logf("Benchmark file size: %d bytes", info.Size())
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+
+	for b.Loop() {
+		f, err := Open(tempFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		// Access some data to ensure it's actually being read
+		_ = f.KeyValue("general.architecture").String()
+		_ = f.KeyValue("general.alignment").Int()
+		_ = f.NumTensors()
+		_ = f.NumKeyValues()
+
+		// Iterate through some tensors
+		count := 0
+		for _, tensor := range f.TensorInfos() {
+			_ = tensor.Name
+			count++
+			if count >= 2 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		f.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper function to create test GGUF files
+func createTestGGUFFile(path string, keyValues map[string]any, tensors []testTensorInfo) error {
+	file, err := os.Create(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	// Write GGUF magic
+	if _, err := file.Write([]byte("GGUF")); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write version
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(3)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write tensor count
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(tensors))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write metadata count
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(keyValues))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write metadata
+	for key, value := range keyValues {
+		if err := writeKeyValue(file, key, value); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write tensor info
+	for _, tensor := range tensors {
+		if err := writeTensorInfo(file, tensor); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write some dummy tensor data
+	dummyData := make([]byte, 1024)
+	file.Write(dummyData)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type testTensorInfo struct {
+	Name  string
+	Shape []uint64
+	Type  uint32
+}
+
+func writeKeyValue(file *os.File, key string, value any) error {
+	// Write key length and key
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(key))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := file.Write([]byte(key)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write value based on type
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeString); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err := file.Write([]byte(v))
+		return err
+	case int64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeInt64); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+	case bool:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeBool); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+	case float64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeFloat64); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+	case []string:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeArray); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeString); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, s := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(s))); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if _, err := file.Write([]byte(s)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	case []int64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeArray); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeInt64); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, i := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, i); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	case []float64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeArray); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeFloat64); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, f := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, f); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported value type: %T", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func writeTensorInfo(file *os.File, tensor testTensorInfo) error {
+	// Write tensor name
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(tensor.Name))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := file.Write([]byte(tensor.Name)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write dimensions
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(len(tensor.Shape))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, dim := range tensor.Shape {
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, dim); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write type
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, tensor.Type); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write offset (dummy value)
+	return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(0))
+}

fs/gguf/keyvalue.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package gguf
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"slices"
+)
+
+type KeyValue struct {
+	Key string
+	Value
+}
+
+type Value struct {
+	value any
+}
+
+func value[T any](v Value, kinds ...reflect.Kind) (t T) {
+	vv := reflect.ValueOf(v.value)
+	if slices.Contains(kinds, vv.Kind()) {
+		t = vv.Convert(reflect.TypeOf(t)).Interface().(T)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func values[T any](v Value, kinds ...reflect.Kind) (ts []T) {
+	switch vv := reflect.ValueOf(v.value); vv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if slices.Contains(kinds, vv.Type().Elem().Kind()) {
+			ts = make([]T, vv.Len())
+			for i := range vv.Len() {
+				ts[i] = vv.Index(i).Convert(reflect.TypeOf(ts[i])).Interface().(T)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Int returns Value as a signed integer. If it is not a signed integer, it returns 0.
+func (v Value) Int() int64 {
+	return value[int64](v, reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64)
+}
+
+// Ints returns Value as a signed integer slice. If it is not a signed integer slice, it returns nil.
+func (v Value) Ints() (i64s []int64) {
+	return values[int64](v, reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64)
+}
+
+// Uint converts an unsigned integer value to uint64. If the value is not a unsigned integer, it returns 0.
+func (v Value) Uint() uint64 {
+	return value[uint64](v, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64)
+}
+
+// Uints returns Value as a unsigned integer slice. If it is not a unsigned integer slice, it returns nil.
+func (v Value) Uints() (u64s []uint64) {
+	return values[uint64](v, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64)
+}
+
+// Float returns Value as a float. If it is not a float, it returns 0.
+func (v Value) Float() float64 {
+	return value[float64](v, reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64)
+}
+
+// Floats returns Value as a float slice. If it is not a float slice, it returns nil.
+func (v Value) Floats() (f64s []float64) {
+	return values[float64](v, reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64)
+}
+
+// Bool returns Value as a boolean. If it is not a boolean, it returns false.
+func (v Value) Bool() bool {
+	return value[bool](v, reflect.Bool)
+}
+
+// Bools returns Value as a boolean slice. If it is not a boolean slice, it returns nil.
+func (v Value) Bools() (bools []bool) {
+	return values[bool](v, reflect.Bool)
+}
+
+// String returns Value as a string. If it is not a string, it returns an empty string.
+func (v Value) String() string {
+	return value[string](v, reflect.String)
+}
+
+// Strings returns Value as a string slice. If it is not a string slice, it returns nil.
+func (v Value) Strings() (strings []string) {
+	return values[string](v, reflect.String)
+}
+
+// IsNil checks if the Value is nil. It returns true if the value is nil or if it is a nil pointer, interface, slice, map, channel, or function.
+func (v Value) IsNil() bool {
+	if v.value == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Check for nil pointers, interfaces, slices, maps, channels, and functions
+	rv := reflect.ValueOf(v.value)
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Interface, reflect.Slice, reflect.Map, reflect.Chan, reflect.Func:
+		return rv.IsNil()
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

fs/gguf/keyvalue_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+package gguf
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+)
+
+func split(name string, values map[string][]any) (matched []any, unmatched []any) {
+	for key, value := range values {
+		if key == name {
+			matched = value
+		} else {
+			unmatched = append(unmatched, value...)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func TestValue(t *testing.T) {
+	values := map[string][]any{
+		"int64":   {int(42), int8(42), int16(42), int32(42), int64(42)},
+		"uint64":  {uint(42), uint8(42), uint16(42), uint32(42), uint64(42)},
+		"float64": {float32(42), float64(42)},
+		"string":  {"42", "hello"},
+		"bool":    {true, false},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("int64", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("int64", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if i64 := kv.Int(); i64 != 42 {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %d", i64)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if i64 := kv.Int(); i64 != 0 {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %d", i64)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uint64", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("uint64", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if u64 := kv.Uint(); u64 != 42 {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %d", u64)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if u64 := kv.Uint(); u64 != 0 {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %d", u64)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("float64", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("float64", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if f64 := kv.Float(); f64 != 42 {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %f", f64)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if f64 := kv.Float(); f64 != 0 {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %f", f64)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("string", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("string", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if s := kv.String(); s != v {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %s", s)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if s := kv.String(); s != "" {
+				t.Errorf("expected 42, got %s", s)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bool", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("bool", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if b := kv.Bool(); b != v {
+				t.Errorf("expected true, got %v", b)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if b := kv.Bool(); b != false {
+				t.Errorf("expected false, got %v", b)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestValues(t *testing.T) {
+	values := map[string][]any{
+		"int64s":   {[]int{42}, []int8{42}, []int16{42}, []int32{42}, []int64{42}},
+		"uint64s":  {[]uint{42}, []uint8{42}, []uint16{42}, []uint32{42}, []uint64{42}},
+		"float64s": {[]float32{42}, []float64{42}},
+		"strings":  {[]string{"42"}, []string{"hello"}},
+		"bools":    {[]bool{true}, []bool{false}},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("int64s", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("int64s", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Ints(), []int64{42}); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("diff: %s", diff)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if i64s := kv.Ints(); i64s != nil {
+				t.Errorf("expected nil, got %v", i64s)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uint64s", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("uint64s", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Uints(), []uint64{42}); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("diff: %s", diff)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if u64s := kv.Uints(); u64s != nil {
+				t.Errorf("expected nil, got %v", u64s)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("float64s", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("float64s", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Floats(), []float64{42}); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("diff: %s", diff)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if f64s := kv.Floats(); f64s != nil {
+				t.Errorf("expected nil, got %v", f64s)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("strings", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Strings(), v); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("diff: %s", diff)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if s := kv.Strings(); s != nil {
+				t.Errorf("expected nil, got %v", s)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bools", func(t *testing.T) {
+		matched, unmatched := split("bools", values)
+		for _, v := range matched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(kv.Bools(), v); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("diff: %s", diff)
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, v := range unmatched {
+			kv := KeyValue{"key", Value{v}}
+			if b := kv.Bools(); b != nil {
+				t.Errorf("expected nil, got %v", b)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}

fs/gguf/lazy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package gguf
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"iter"
+	"log/slog"
+)
+
+type lazy[T any] struct {
+	count  uint64
+	next   func() (T, bool)
+	stop   func()
+	values []T
+
+	doneFunc func() error
+}
+
+func newLazy[T any](f *File, fn func() (T, error)) (*lazy[T], error) {
+	it := lazy[T]{}
+	if err := binary.Read(f.reader, binary.LittleEndian, &it.count); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	it.values = make([]T, 0)
+	it.next, it.stop = iter.Pull(func(yield func(T) bool) {
+		for i := range it.count {
+			t, err := fn()
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Error("error reading tensor", "index", i, "error", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			it.values = append(it.values, t)
+			if !yield(t) {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if it.doneFunc != nil {
+			it.doneFunc()
+		}
+	})
+
+	return &it, nil
+}
+
+func (g *lazy[T]) Values() iter.Seq[T] {
+	return func(yield func(T) bool) {
+		for _, v := range g.All() {
+			if !yield(v) {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *lazy[T]) All() iter.Seq2[int, T] {
+	return func(yield func(int, T) bool) {
+		for i := range int(g.count) {
+			if i < len(g.values) {
+				if !yield(i, g.values[i]) {
+					break
+				}
+			} else {
+				t, ok := g.next()
+				if !ok {
+					break
+				}
+
+				if !yield(i, t) {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (g *lazy[T]) rest() (collected bool) {
+	for {
+		_, ok := g.next()
+		collected = collected || ok
+		if !ok {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return collected
+}

fs/gguf/reader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package gguf
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"io"
+)
+
+type readSeeker struct {
+	rs io.ReadSeeker
+	br *bufio.Reader
+}
+
+func newReadSeeker(rs io.ReadSeeker, size int) *readSeeker {
+	return &readSeeker{
+		rs: rs,
+		br: bufio.NewReaderSize(rs, size),
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *readSeeker) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	return b.br.Read(p)
+}
+
+func (b *readSeeker) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error) {
+	if whence == io.SeekCurrent {
+		offset -= int64(b.br.Buffered())
+	}
+	n, err := b.rs.Seek(offset, whence)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	b.br.Reset(b.rs)
+	return n, nil
+}

fs/gguf/tensor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+package gguf
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type TensorInfo struct {
+	Name   string
+	Offset uint64
+	Shape  []uint64
+	Type   TensorType
+}
+
+func (t TensorInfo) NumValues() int64 {
+	var numItems int64 = 1
+	for _, dim := range t.Shape {
+		numItems *= int64(dim)
+	}
+	return numItems
+}
+
+// NumBytes returns the number of bytes in the tensor.
+func (t TensorInfo) NumBytes() int64 {
+	return int64(float64(t.NumValues()) * t.Type.NumBytes())
+}
+
+func (t TensorInfo) LogValue() slog.Value {
+	return slog.GroupValue(
+		slog.String("name", t.Name),
+		slog.Int64("offset", int64(t.Offset)),
+		slog.Any("shape", t.Shape),
+		slog.Int64("num_values", t.NumValues()),
+		slog.Int64("num_bytes", t.NumBytes()),
+		slog.Any("type", t.Type),
+	)
+}
+
+type TensorType uint32
+
+const (
+	TensorTypeF32 TensorType = iota
+	TensorTypeF16
+	TensorTypeQ4_0
+	TensorTypeQ4_1
+
+	// unexported // unused in gguf
+	tensorTypeQ4_2
+	tensorTypeQ4_3
+
+	TensorTypeQ5_0
+	TensorTypeQ5_1
+	TensorTypeQ8_0
+	TensorTypeQ8_1
+	TensorTypeQ2_K
+	TensorTypeQ3_K
+	TensorTypeQ4_K
+	TensorTypeQ5_K
+	TensorTypeQ6_K
+	TensorTypeQ8_K
+
+	// unexported // unquantizable by ollama
+	tensorTypeIQ2_XXS
+	tensorTypeIQ2_XS
+	tensorTypeIQ3_XXS
+	tensorTypeIQ1_S
+	tensorTypeIQ4_NL
+	tensorTypeIQ3_S
+	tensorTypeIQ2_S
+	tensorTypeIQ4_XS
+
+	TensorTypeI8
+	TensorTypeI16
+	TensorTypeI32
+	TensorTypeI64
+	TensorTypeF64
+
+	// unexported // unquantizable by ollama
+	tensorTypeIQ1_M
+
+	TensorTypeBF16
+
+	// unexported // unused in gguf
+	tensorTypeQ4_0_4_4
+	tensorTypeQ4_0_4_8
+	tensorTypeQ4_0_8_8
+
+	// unexported // unquantizable by ollama
+	tensorTypeTQ1_0
+	tensorTypeTQ2_0
+
+	// unexported // unused in gguf
+	tensorTypeIQ4_NL_4_4
+	tensorTypeIQ4_NL_4_8
+	tensorTypeIQ4_NL_8_8
+)
+
+func (t TensorType) NumBytes() float64 {
+	return float64(t.typeSize()) / float64(t.blockSize())
+}
+
+func (t TensorType) typeSize() int64 {
+	switch t {
+	case TensorTypeF32:
+		return 4
+	case TensorTypeF16:
+		return 2
+	case TensorTypeQ4_0:
+		return 2 + t.blockSize()/2
+	case TensorTypeQ4_1:
+		return 2 + 2 + t.blockSize()/2
+	case TensorTypeQ5_0:
+		return 2 + 4 + t.blockSize()/2
+	case TensorTypeQ5_1:
+		return 2 + 2 + 4 + t.blockSize()/2
+	case TensorTypeQ8_0:
+		return 2 + t.blockSize()
+	case TensorTypeQ8_1:
+		return 2 + 2 + t.blockSize()
+	case TensorTypeQ2_K:
+		return t.blockSize()/16 + t.blockSize()/4 + 2 + 2
+	case TensorTypeQ3_K:
+		return t.blockSize()/8 + t.blockSize()/4 + 12 + 2
+	case TensorTypeQ4_K:
+		return 2 + 2 + 12 + t.blockSize()/2
+	case TensorTypeQ5_K:
+		return 2 + 2 + 12 + t.blockSize()/8 + t.blockSize()/2
+	case TensorTypeQ6_K:
+		return t.blockSize()/2 + t.blockSize()/4 + t.blockSize()/16 + 2
+	case TensorTypeQ8_K:
+		return 4 + t.blockSize() + 2*t.blockSize()/16
+	case tensorTypeIQ2_XXS:
+		return 2 + 2*t.blockSize()/8
+	case tensorTypeIQ2_XS:
+		return 2 + 2*t.blockSize()/8 + t.blockSize()/32
+	case tensorTypeIQ3_XXS:
+		return 2 + t.blockSize()/4 + t.blockSize()/8
+	case tensorTypeIQ1_S:
+		return 2 + t.blockSize()/8 + t.blockSize()/16
+	case tensorTypeIQ4_NL:
+		return 2 + t.blockSize()/2
+	case tensorTypeIQ3_S:
+		return 2 + t.blockSize()/4 + t.blockSize()/8 + t.blockSize()/32 + 4
+	case tensorTypeIQ2_S:
+		return 2 + t.blockSize()/4 + t.blockSize()/16
+	case tensorTypeIQ4_XS:
+		return 2 + 2 + t.blockSize()/2 + t.blockSize()/64
+	case TensorTypeI8:
+		return 1
+	case TensorTypeI16:
+		return 2
+	case TensorTypeI32:
+		return 4
+	case TensorTypeI64:
+		return 8
+	case TensorTypeF64:
+		return 8
+	case tensorTypeIQ1_M:
+		return t.blockSize()/8 + t.blockSize()/16 + t.blockSize()/32
+	case TensorTypeBF16:
+		return 2
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (t TensorType) blockSize() int64 {
+	switch t {
+	case TensorTypeF32,
+		TensorTypeF16,
+		TensorTypeI8,
+		TensorTypeI16,
+		TensorTypeI32,
+		TensorTypeI64,
+		TensorTypeF64,
+		TensorTypeBF16:
+		return 1
+	case TensorTypeQ4_0,
+		TensorTypeQ4_1,
+		TensorTypeQ5_0,
+		TensorTypeQ5_1,
+		TensorTypeQ8_0,
+		TensorTypeQ8_1,
+		tensorTypeIQ4_NL:
+		return 32
+	default:
+		return 256
+	}
+}
+
+func (t TensorType) String() string {
+	switch t {
+	case TensorTypeF32:
+		return "f32"
+	case TensorTypeF16:
+		return "f16"
+	case TensorTypeQ4_0:
+		return "q4_0"
+	case TensorTypeQ4_1:
+		return "q4_1"
+	case tensorTypeQ4_2:
+		return "q4_2"
+	case tensorTypeQ4_3:
+		return "q4_3"
+	case TensorTypeQ5_0:
+		return "q5_0"
+	case TensorTypeQ5_1:
+		return "q5_1"
+	case TensorTypeQ8_0:
+		return "q8_0"
+	case TensorTypeQ8_1:
+		return "q8_1"
+	case TensorTypeQ2_K:
+		return "q2_k"
+	case TensorTypeQ3_K:
+		return "q3_k"
+	case TensorTypeQ4_K:
+		return "q4_k"
+	case TensorTypeQ5_K:
+		return "q5_k"
+	case TensorTypeQ6_K:
+		return "q6_k"
+	case TensorTypeQ8_K:
+		return "q8_k"
+	case tensorTypeIQ2_XXS:
+		return "iq2_xxs"
+	case tensorTypeIQ2_XS:
+		return "iq2_xs"
+	case tensorTypeIQ3_XXS:
+		return "iq3_xxs"
+	case tensorTypeIQ1_S:
+		return "iq1_s"
+	case tensorTypeIQ4_NL:
+		return "iq4_nl"
+	case tensorTypeIQ3_S:
+		return "iq3_s"
+	case tensorTypeIQ2_S:
+		return "iq2_s"
+	case tensorTypeIQ4_XS:
+		return "iq4_xs"
+	case TensorTypeI8:
+		return "i8"
+	case TensorTypeI16:
+		return "i16"
+	case TensorTypeI32:
+		return "i32"
+	case TensorTypeI64:
+		return "i64"
+	case TensorTypeF64:
+		return "f64"
+	case tensorTypeIQ1_M:
+		return "iq1_m"
+	case TensorTypeBF16:
+		return "bf16"
+	case tensorTypeQ4_0_4_4:
+		return "q4_0_4_4"
+	case tensorTypeQ4_0_4_8:
+		return "q4_0_4_8"
+	case tensorTypeQ4_0_8_8:
+		return "q4_0_8_8"
+	case tensorTypeTQ1_0:
+		return "tq1_0"
+	case tensorTypeTQ2_0:
+		return "tq2_0"
+	case tensorTypeIQ4_NL_4_4:
+		return "iq4_nl_4_4"
+	case tensorTypeIQ4_NL_4_8:
+		return "iq4_nl_4_8"
+	case tensorTypeIQ4_NL_8_8:
+		return "iq4_nl_8_8"
+	default:
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+}
+
+func (t TensorType) LogValue() slog.Value {
+	return slog.GroupValue(
+		slog.Uint64("value", uint64(t)),
+		slog.String("name", strings.ToUpper(t.String())),
+		slog.Int64("size", t.typeSize()),
+		slog.Int64("block_size", t.blockSize()),
+		slog.Float64("num_bytes", t.NumBytes()),
+	)
+}

server/images.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/ggml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/gguf"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/parser"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/template"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/thinking"
@@ -73,22 +73,20 @@ func (m *Model) Capabilities() []model.Capability {
 	capabilities := []model.Capability{}
 
 	// Check for completion capability
-	r, err := os.Open(m.ModelPath)
+	f, err := gguf.Open(m.ModelPath)
 	if err == nil {
-		defer r.Close()
+		defer f.Close()
 
-		f, err := ggml.Decode(r, 1024)
-		if err == nil {
-			if _, ok := f.KV()[fmt.Sprintf("%s.pooling_type", f.KV().Architecture())]; ok {
-				capabilities = append(capabilities, model.CapabilityEmbedding)
-			} else {
-				capabilities = append(capabilities, model.CapabilityCompletion)
-			}
-			if _, ok := f.KV()[fmt.Sprintf("%s.vision.block_count", f.KV().Architecture())]; ok {
-				capabilities = append(capabilities, model.CapabilityVision)
-			}
+		embedding := f.KeyValue("pooling_type")
+		if !embedding.Value.IsNil() {
+			capabilities = append(capabilities, model.CapabilityEmbedding)
 		} else {
-			slog.Error("couldn't decode ggml", "error", err)
+			// If no embedding is specified, we assume the model supports completion
+			capabilities = append(capabilities, model.CapabilityCompletion)
+		}
+		vision := f.KeyValue("vision.block_count")
+		if !vision.Value.IsNil() {
+			capabilities = append(capabilities, model.CapabilityVision)
 		}
 	} else {
 		slog.Error("couldn't open model file", "error", err)

server/images_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -13,81 +12,200 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 )
 
-// Constants for GGUF magic bytes and version
-var (
-	ggufMagic = []byte{0x47, 0x47, 0x55, 0x46} // "GGUF"
-	ggufVer   = uint32(3)                      // Version 3
+// GGUF type constants (matching gguf package)
+const (
+	typeUint8   = uint32(0)
+	typeInt8    = uint32(1)
+	typeUint16  = uint32(2)
+	typeInt16   = uint32(3)
+	typeUint32  = uint32(4)
+	typeInt32   = uint32(5)
+	typeFloat32 = uint32(6)
+	typeBool    = uint32(7)
+	typeString  = uint32(8)
+	typeArray   = uint32(9)
+	typeUint64  = uint32(10)
+	typeInt64   = uint32(11)
+	typeFloat64 = uint32(12)
 )
 
-// Helper function to create mock GGUF data
-func createMockGGUFData(architecture string, vision bool) []byte {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
+type testTensorInfo struct {
+	Name  string
+	Shape []uint64
+	Type  uint32
+}
 
-	// Write GGUF header
-	buf.Write(ggufMagic)
-	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, ggufVer)
-
-	// Write tensor count (0 for our test)
-	var numTensors uint64 = 0
-	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, numTensors)
-
-	// Calculate number of metadata entries
-	numMetaEntries := uint64(1) // architecture entry
-	if vision {
-		numMetaEntries++
+// Helper function to create test GGUF files (matching gguf package approach)
+func createTestGGUFFile(path string, keyValues map[string]any, tensors []testTensorInfo) error {
+	file, err := os.Create(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
-	// Add embedding entry if architecture is "bert"
-	if architecture == "bert" {
-		numMetaEntries++
-	}
-	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, numMetaEntries)
+	defer file.Close()
 
-	// Write architecture metadata
-	archKey := "general.architecture"
-	keyLen := uint64(len(archKey))
-	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, keyLen)
-	buf.WriteString(archKey)
-
-	// String type (8)
-	var strType uint32 = 8
-	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, strType)
-
-	// String length
-	strLen := uint64(len(architecture))
-	binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, strLen)
-	buf.WriteString(architecture)
-
-	if vision {
-		visionKey := architecture + ".vision.block_count"
-		keyLen = uint64(len(visionKey))
-		binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, keyLen)
-		buf.WriteString(visionKey)
-
-		// uint32 type (4)
-		var uint32Type uint32 = 4
-		binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint32Type)
-
-		// uint32 value (1)
-		var countVal uint32 = 1
-		binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, countVal)
-	}
-	// Write embedding metadata if architecture is "bert"
-	if architecture == "bert" {
-		poolKey := architecture + ".pooling_type"
-		keyLen = uint64(len(poolKey))
-		binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, keyLen)
-		buf.WriteString(poolKey)
-
-		// uint32 type (4)
-		var uint32Type uint32 = 4
-		binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint32Type)
-
-		// uint32 value (1)
-		var poolingVal uint32 = 1
-		binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, poolingVal)
+	// Write GGUF magic
+	if _, err := file.Write([]byte("GGUF")); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	return buf.Bytes()
+	// Write version
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(3)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write tensor count
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(tensors))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write metadata count
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(keyValues))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write metadata
+	for key, value := range keyValues {
+		if err := writeKeyValue(file, key, value); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write tensor info
+	for _, tensor := range tensors {
+		if err := writeTensorInfo(file, tensor); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write some dummy tensor data
+	dummyData := make([]byte, 1024)
+	file.Write(dummyData)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeKeyValue(file *os.File, key string, value any) error {
+	// Write key length and key
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(key))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := file.Write([]byte(key)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write value based on type
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(typeString)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err := file.Write([]byte(v))
+		return err
+	case int64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeInt64); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+	case uint32:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeUint32); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+	case bool:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeBool); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+	case float64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(typeFloat64)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, v)
+	case []string:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(typeArray)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeString); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, s := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(s))); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if _, err := file.Write([]byte(s)); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	case []int64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(typeArray)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeInt64); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, i := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, i); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	case []float64:
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeArray); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, typeFloat64); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(v))); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, f := range v {
+			if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, f); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported value type: %T", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func writeTensorInfo(file *os.File, tensor testTensorInfo) error {
+	// Write tensor name
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(len(tensor.Name))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := file.Write([]byte(tensor.Name)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write dimensions
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(len(tensor.Shape))); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, dim := range tensor.Shape {
+		if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, dim); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write type
+	if err := binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, tensor.Type); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Write offset (dummy value)
+	return binary.Write(file, binary.LittleEndian, uint64(0))
 }
 
 func TestModelCapabilities(t *testing.T) {
@@ -101,13 +219,38 @@ func TestModelCapabilities(t *testing.T) {
 	// Create a simple model file for tests that don't depend on GGUF content
 	simpleModelPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "simple_model.bin")
 
-	if err := errors.Join(
-		os.WriteFile(completionModelPath, createMockGGUFData("llama", false), 0o644),
-		os.WriteFile(visionModelPath, createMockGGUFData("llama", true), 0o644),
-		os.WriteFile(embeddingModelPath, createMockGGUFData("bert", false), 0o644),
-		os.WriteFile(simpleModelPath, []byte("dummy model data"), 0o644),
-	); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to create model files: %v", err)
+	// Create completion model (llama architecture without vision)
+	if err := createTestGGUFFile(completionModelPath, map[string]any{
+		"general.architecture": "llama",
+	}, []testTensorInfo{
+		{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1000, 512}, Type: 1}, // F16
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create completion model file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create vision model (llama architecture with vision block count)
+	if err := createTestGGUFFile(visionModelPath, map[string]any{
+		"general.architecture":     "llama",
+		"llama.vision.block_count": uint32(1),
+	}, []testTensorInfo{
+		{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1000, 512}, Type: 1}, // F16
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create vision model file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create embedding model (bert architecture with pooling type)
+	if err := createTestGGUFFile(embeddingModelPath, map[string]any{
+		"general.architecture": "bert",
+		"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(1),
+	}, []testTensorInfo{
+		{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1000, 512}, Type: 1}, // F16
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create embedding model file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create simple model file for tests that don't depend on GGUF content
+	if err := os.WriteFile(simpleModelPath, []byte("dummy model data"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create simple model file: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	toolsInsertTemplate, err := template.Parse("{{ .prompt }}{{ if .tools }}{{ .tools }}{{ end }}{{ if .suffix }}{{ .suffix }}{{ end }}")
@@ -231,12 +374,29 @@ func TestModelCheckCapabilities(t *testing.T) {
 	simpleModelPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "model.bin")
 	embeddingModelPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "embedding_model.bin")
 
-	if err := errors.Join(
-		os.WriteFile(simpleModelPath, []byte("dummy model data"), 0o644),
-		os.WriteFile(visionModelPath, createMockGGUFData("llama", true), 0o644),
-		os.WriteFile(embeddingModelPath, createMockGGUFData("bert", false), 0o644),
-	); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to create model files: %v", err)
+	// Create vision model (llama architecture with vision block count)
+	if err := createTestGGUFFile(visionModelPath, map[string]any{
+		"general.architecture":     "llama",
+		"llama.vision.block_count": uint32(1),
+	}, []testTensorInfo{
+		{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1000, 512}, Type: 1}, // F16
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create vision model file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create embedding model (bert architecture with pooling type)
+	if err := createTestGGUFFile(embeddingModelPath, map[string]any{
+		"general.architecture": "bert",
+		"bert.pooling_type":    uint32(1),
+	}, []testTensorInfo{
+		{Name: "token_embd.weight", Shape: []uint64{1000, 512}, Type: 1}, // F16
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create embedding model file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create simple model file for tests that don't depend on GGUF content
+	if err := os.WriteFile(simpleModelPath, []byte("dummy model data"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create simple model file: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	toolsInsertTemplate, err := template.Parse("{{ .prompt }}{{ if .tools }}{{ .tools }}{{ end }}{{ if .suffix }}{{ .suffix }}{{ end }}")