wip

If the user has somehow installed another GGML based app which places a
ggml-base lib somewhere in their PATH, we can experience runtime problems
due to incompatibilities.  This change adds a warning message if we detect
a ggml-base outside of our install location to aid in troubleshooting.

.gitattributes

@@ -15,8 +15,12 @@ ml/backend/**/*.cu linguist-vendored
 ml/backend/**/*.cuh linguist-vendored
 ml/backend/**/*.m linguist-vendored
 ml/backend/**/*.metal linguist-vendored
+ml/backend/**/*.comp linguist-vendored
+ml/backend/**/*.glsl linguist-vendored
 ml/backend/**/CMakeLists.txt linguist-vendored
 
+app/webview linguist-vendored
+
 llama/build-info.cpp linguist-generated
 ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.s linguist-generated
 

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ jobs:
               bin/ollama)                echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/*.so*)          echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/cuda_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/vulkan*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/rocm)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -226,12 +226,9 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
         run: go test -count=1 -benchtime=1x ./...
 
-      # TODO(bmizerany): replace this heavy tool with just the
-      # tools/checks/binaries we want and then make them all run in parallel
-      # across jobs, not on a single tiny vm on Github Actions.
-      - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v6
+      - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
-          args: --timeout 10m0s -v
+          only-new-issues: true
 
   patches:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -240,4 +237,4 @@ jobs:
       - name: Verify patches apply cleanly and do not change files
         run: |
           make -f Makefile.sync clean checkout apply-patches sync
-          git diff --compact-summary --exit-code
+          git diff --compact-summary --exit-code

.golangci.yaml

@@ -1,41 +1,77 @@
-run:
-  timeout: 5m
+version: "2"
 linters:
+  default: none
   enable:
     - asasalint
     - bidichk
     - bodyclose
     - containedctx
+    - copyloopvar
+    - errcheck
+    - errorlint
+    - exptostd
     - gocheckcompilerdirectives
-    - gofmt
-    - gofumpt
-    - gosimple
+    - gocritic
     - govet
     - ineffassign
     - intrange
     - makezero
     - misspell
+    - modernize
     - nilerr
+    - nilnil
     - nolintlint
     - nosprintfhostport
+    - perfsprint
+    - prealloc
+    - sloglint
     - staticcheck
     - unconvert
+    - unused
+    - usestdlibvars
     - usetesting
     - wastedassign
     - whitespace
-  disable:
-    - usestdlibvars
-    - errcheck
-linters-settings:
-  staticcheck:
-    checks:
-      - all
-      - -SA1019 # omit Deprecated check
-severity:
-  default-severity: error
-  rules:
-    - linters:
-        - gofmt
-        - goimports
-        - intrange
-      severity: info
+  settings:
+    errcheck:
+      exclude-functions:
+        - fmt.Fprintf
+    perfsprint:
+      strconcat: false
+      concat-loop: false
+    staticcheck:
+      checks:
+        - all
+        # Using a deprecated function, variable, constant or field.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#SA1019
+        - -SA1019
+        # Incorrect or missing package comment.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1000
+        - -ST1000
+        # Poorly chosen identifier.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1003
+        - -ST1003
+        # The documentation of an exported function should start with the function's name.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1020
+        - -ST1020
+        # The documentation of an exported type should start with type's name.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1021
+        - -ST1021
+        # The documentation of an exported variable or constant should start with variable's name.
+        # https://staticcheck.dev/docs/checks/#ST1022
+        - -ST1022
+    usestdlibvars:
+      http-method: false
+      http-status-code: false
+
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gci
+    - gofmt
+    - gofumpt
+  settings:
+    gci:
+      sections:
+        - standard
+        - default
+        - localmodule

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ See the [development documentation](./docs/development.md) for instructions on h
 
 * New features: new features (e.g. API fields, environment variables) add surface area to Ollama and make it harder to maintain in the long run as they cannot be removed without potentially breaking users in the future.
 * Refactoring: large code improvements are important, but can be harder or take longer to review and merge.
-* Documentation: small updates to fill in or correct missing documentation is helpful, however large documentation additions can be hard to maintain over time.
+* Documentation: small updates to fill in or correct missing documentation are helpful, however large documentation additions can be hard to maintain over time.
 
 ### Issues that may not be accepted
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Tips for proposals:
 * Explain how the change will be tested.
 
 Additionally, for bonus points: Provide draft documentation you would expect to
-see if the change were accepted.
+see if the changes were accepted.
 
 ## Pull requests
 
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ Examples:
 
       llm/backend/mlx: support the llama architecture
       CONTRIBUTING: provide clarity on good commit messages, and bad
-      docs: simplify manual installation with shorter curl commands
 
 Bad Examples:
 

Dockerfile

@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ ENV CC=clang CXX=clang++
 FROM base-${TARGETARCH} AS base
 ARG CMAKEVERSION
 RUN curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 ENV LDFLAGS=-s
 
 FROM base AS cpu
 RUN dnf install -y gcc-toolset-11-gcc gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++
 ENV PATH=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin:$PATH
 ARG PARALLEL
+COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
+COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
     cmake --preset 'CPU' \
         && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CPU' \
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ ARG CUDA11VERSION=11.8
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA11VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11/bin:$PATH
 ARG PARALLEL
+COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
+COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
     cmake --preset 'CUDA 11' \
         && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 11' \
@@ -67,6 +69,8 @@ ARG CUDA12VERSION=12.8
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA12VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12/bin:$PATH
 ARG PARALLEL
+COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
+COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
     cmake --preset 'CUDA 12' \
         && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 12' \
@@ -78,6 +82,8 @@ ARG CUDA13VERSION=13.0
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA13VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-13/bin:$PATH
 ARG PARALLEL
+COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
+COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
     cmake --preset 'CUDA 13' \
         && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 13' \
@@ -87,6 +93,8 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
 FROM base AS rocm-6
 ENV PATH=/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:/opt/rocm/hip/bin:/opt/rocm/bin:/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:$PATH
 ARG PARALLEL
+COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
+COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
     cmake --preset 'ROCm 6' \
         && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'ROCm 6' \
@@ -118,6 +126,8 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
         && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
 
 FROM base AS vulkan
+COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
+COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
     cmake --preset 'Vulkan' \
         && cmake --build --parallel --preset 'Vulkan' \

README.md

@@ -367,6 +367,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Ollama4j Web UI](https://github.com/ollama4j/ollama4j-web-ui) - Java-based Web UI for Ollama built with Vaadin, Spring Boot, and Ollama4j
 - [PyOllaMx](https://github.com/kspviswa/pyOllaMx) - macOS application capable of chatting with both Ollama and Apple MLX models.
 - [Cline](https://github.com/cline/cline) - Formerly known as Claude Dev is a VS Code extension for multi-file/whole-repo coding
+- [Void](https://github.com/voideditor/void) (Open source AI code editor and Cursor alternative)
 - [Cherry Studio](https://github.com/kangfenmao/cherry-studio) (Desktop client with Ollama support)
 - [ConfiChat](https://github.com/1runeberg/confichat) (Lightweight, standalone, multi-platform, and privacy-focused LLM chat interface with optional encryption)
 - [Archyve](https://github.com/nickthecook/archyve) (RAG-enabling document library)
@@ -427,6 +428,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [Mayan EDMS](https://gitlab.com/mayan-edms/mayan-edms) (Open source document management system to organize, tag, search, and automate your files with powerful Ollama driven workflows.)
 - [Serene Pub](https://github.com/doolijb/serene-pub) (Beginner friendly, open source AI Roleplaying App for Windows, Mac OS and Linux. Search, download and use models with Ollama all inside the app.)
 - [Andes](https://github.com/aqerd/andes) (A Visual Studio Code extension that provides a local UI interface for Ollama models)
+- [KDeps](https://github.com/kdeps/kdeps) (Kdeps is an offline-first AI framework for building Dockerized full-stack AI applications declaratively using Apple PKL and integrates APIs with Ollama on the backend.)
 - [Clueless](https://github.com/KashyapTan/clueless) (Open Source & Local Cluely: A desktop application LLM assistant to help you talk to anything on your screen using locally served Ollama models. Also undetectable to screenshare)
 - [ollama-co2](https://github.com/carbonatedWaterOrg/ollama-co2) (FastAPI web interface for monitoring and managing local and remote Ollama servers with real-time model monitoring and concurrent downloads)
 - [Hillnote](https://hillnote.com) (A Markdown-first workspace designed to supercharge your AI workflow. Create documents ready to integrate with Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini, Cursor, and more - all while keeping your work on your device.)
@@ -616,7 +618,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [LSP-AI](https://github.com/SilasMarvin/lsp-ai) (Open-source language server for AI-powered functionality)
 - [QodeAssist](https://github.com/Palm1r/QodeAssist) (AI-powered coding assistant plugin for Qt Creator)
 - [Obsidian Quiz Generator plugin](https://github.com/ECuiDev/obsidian-quiz-generator)
-- [AI Summmary Helper plugin](https://github.com/philffm/ai-summary-helper)
+- [AI Summary Helper plugin](https://github.com/philffm/ai-summary-helper)
 - [TextCraft](https://github.com/suncloudsmoon/TextCraft) (Copilot in Word alternative using Ollama)
 - [Alfred Ollama](https://github.com/zeitlings/alfred-ollama) (Alfred Workflow)
 - [TextLLaMA](https://github.com/adarshM84/TextLLaMA) A Chrome Extension that helps you write emails, correct grammar, and translate into any language
@@ -624,7 +626,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [LLM Telegram Bot](https://github.com/innightwolfsleep/llm_telegram_bot) (telegram bot, primary for RP. Oobabooga-like buttons, [A1111](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui) API integration e.t.c)
 - [mcp-llm](https://github.com/sammcj/mcp-llm) (MCP Server to allow LLMs to call other LLMs)
 - [SimpleOllamaUnity](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/SimpleOllamaUnity) (Unity Engine extension for communicating with Ollama in a few lines of code. Also works at runtime)
-- [UnityCodeLama](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/UnityCodeLama) (Unity Edtior tool to analyze scripts via Ollama)
+- [UnityCodeLama](https://github.com/HardCodeDev777/UnityCodeLama) (Unity Editor tool to analyze scripts via Ollama)
 - [NativeMind](https://github.com/NativeMindBrowser/NativeMindExtension) (Private, on-device AI Assistant, no cloud dependencies)
 - [GMAI - Gradle Managed AI](https://gmai.premex.se/) (Gradle plugin for automated Ollama lifecycle management during build phases)
 - [NOMYO Router](https://github.com/nomyo-ai/nomyo-router) (A transparent Ollama proxy with model deployment aware routing which auto-manages multiple Ollama instances in a given network)
@@ -634,7 +636,7 @@ See the [API documentation](./docs/api.md) for all endpoints.
 - [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) project founded by Georgi Gerganov.
 
 ### Observability
-- [Opik](https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/cookbook/ollama) is an open-source platform to debug, evaluate, and monitor your LLM applications, RAG systems, and agentic workflows with comprehensive tracing, automated evaluations, and production-ready dashboards. Opik supports native intergration to Ollama.
+- [Opik](https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/cookbook/ollama) is an open-source platform to debug, evaluate, and monitor your LLM applications, RAG systems, and agentic workflows with comprehensive tracing, automated evaluations, and production-ready dashboards. Opik supports native integration to Ollama.
 - [Lunary](https://lunary.ai/docs/integrations/ollama) is the leading open-source LLM observability platform. It provides a variety of enterprise-grade features such as real-time analytics, prompt templates management, PII masking, and comprehensive agent tracing.
 - [OpenLIT](https://github.com/openlit/openlit) is an OpenTelemetry-native tool for monitoring Ollama Applications & GPUs using traces and metrics.
 - [HoneyHive](https://docs.honeyhive.ai/integrations/ollama) is an AI observability and evaluation platform for AI agents. Use HoneyHive to evaluate agent performance, interrogate failures, and monitor quality in production.

SECURITY.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Please include the following details in your report:
 
 ## Security best practices
 
-While the maintainer team does their best to secure Ollama, users are encouraged to implement their own security best practices, such as:
+While the maintainer team does its best to secure Ollama, users are encouraged to implement their own security best practices, such as:
 
 - Regularly updating to the latest version of Ollama
 - Securing access to hosted instances of Ollama

api/client.go

@@ -226,7 +226,14 @@ func (c *Client) stream(ctx context.Context, method, path string, data any, fn f
 
 		bts := scanner.Bytes()
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(bts, &errorResponse); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unmarshal: %w", err)
+			if response.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest {
+				return StatusError{
+					StatusCode:   response.StatusCode,
+					Status:       response.Status,
+					ErrorMessage: string(bts),
+				}
+			}
+			return errors.New(string(bts))
 		}
 
 		if response.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {

api/client_test.go

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ func TestClientFromEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 type testError struct {
 	message    string
 	statusCode int
+	raw        bool // if true, write message as-is instead of JSON encoding
 }
 
 func (e testError) Error() string {
@@ -111,6 +112,20 @@ func TestClientStream(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "plain text error response",
+			responses: []any{
+				"internal server error",
+			},
+			wantErr: "internal server error",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "HTML error page",
+			responses: []any{
+				"<html><body>404 Not Found</body></html>",
+			},
+			wantErr: "404 Not Found",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -135,6 +150,12 @@ func TestClientStream(t *testing.T) {
 						return
 					}
 
+					if str, ok := resp.(string); ok {
+						fmt.Fprintln(w, str)
+						flusher.Flush()
+						continue
+					}
+
 					if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp); err != nil {
 						t.Fatalf("failed to encode response: %v", err)
 					}
@@ -173,9 +194,10 @@ func TestClientStream(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
-		name     string
-		response any
-		wantErr  string
+		name           string
+		response       any
+		wantErr        string
+		wantStatusCode int
 	}{
 		{
 			name: "immediate error response",
@@ -183,7 +205,8 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 				message:    "test error message",
 				statusCode: http.StatusBadRequest,
 			},
-			wantErr: "test error message",
+			wantErr:        "test error message",
+			wantStatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "server error response",
@@ -191,7 +214,8 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 				message:    "internal error",
 				statusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
 			},
-			wantErr: "internal error",
+			wantErr:        "internal error",
+			wantStatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "successful response",
@@ -203,6 +227,26 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 				Success: true,
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "plain text error response",
+			response: testError{
+				message:    "internal server error",
+				statusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
+				raw:        true,
+			},
+			wantErr:        "internal server error",
+			wantStatusCode: http.StatusInternalServerError,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "HTML error page",
+			response: testError{
+				message:    "<html><body>404 Not Found</body></html>",
+				statusCode: http.StatusNotFound,
+				raw:        true,
+			},
+			wantErr:        "<html><body>404 Not Found</body></html>",
+			wantStatusCode: http.StatusNotFound,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -210,11 +254,16 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 			ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				if errResp, ok := tc.response.(testError); ok {
 					w.WriteHeader(errResp.statusCode)
-					err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
-						"error": errResp.message,
-					})
-					if err != nil {
-						t.Fatal("failed to encode error response:", err)
+					if !errResp.raw {
+						err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
+							"error": errResp.message,
+						})
+						if err != nil {
+							t.Fatal("failed to encode error response:", err)
+						}
+					} else {
+						// Write raw message (simulates non-JSON error responses)
+						fmt.Fprint(w, errResp.message)
 					}
 					return
 				}
@@ -241,6 +290,15 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 				if err.Error() != tc.wantErr {
 					t.Errorf("error message mismatch: got %q, want %q", err.Error(), tc.wantErr)
 				}
+				if tc.wantStatusCode != 0 {
+					if statusErr, ok := err.(StatusError); ok {
+						if statusErr.StatusCode != tc.wantStatusCode {
+							t.Errorf("status code mismatch: got %d, want %d", statusErr.StatusCode, tc.wantStatusCode)
+						}
+					} else {
+						t.Errorf("expected StatusError, got %T", err)
+					}
+				}
 				return
 			}
 

app/cmd/app/app.go

@@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ func checkUserLoggedIn(uiServerPort int) bool {
 // handleConnectURLScheme fetches the connect URL and opens it in the browser
 func handleConnectURLScheme() {
 	if checkUserLoggedIn(uiServerPort) {
-		slog.Info("user is already logged in, opening settings instead")
-		sendUIRequestMessage("/")
+		slog.Info("user is already logged in, opening app instead")
+		showWindow(wv.webview.Window())
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -434,37 +434,30 @@ func openInBrowser(url string) {
 	}
 }
 
-// parseURLScheme parses an ollama:// URL and returns whether it's a connect URL and the UI path
-func parseURLScheme(urlSchemeRequest string) (isConnect bool, uiPath string, err error) {
+// parseURLScheme parses an ollama:// URL and validates it
+// Supports: ollama:// (open app) and ollama://connect (OAuth)
+func parseURLScheme(urlSchemeRequest string) (isConnect bool, err error) {
 	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(urlSchemeRequest)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, "", err
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Check if this is a connect URL
 	if parsedURL.Host == "connect" || strings.TrimPrefix(parsedURL.Path, "/") == "connect" {
-		return true, "", nil
+		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	// Extract the UI path
-	path := "/"
-	if parsedURL.Path != "" && parsedURL.Path != "/" {
-		// For URLs like ollama:///settings, use the path directly
-		path = parsedURL.Path
-	} else if parsedURL.Host != "" {
-		// For URLs like ollama://settings (without triple slash),
-		// the "settings" part is parsed as the host, not the path.
-		// We need to convert it to a path by prepending "/"
-		// This also handles ollama://settings/ where Windows adds a trailing slash
-		path = "/" + parsedURL.Host
+	// Allow bare ollama:// or ollama:/// to open the app
+	if (parsedURL.Host == "" && parsedURL.Path == "") || parsedURL.Path == "/" {
+		return false, nil
 	}
 
-	return false, path, nil
+	return false, fmt.Errorf("unsupported ollama:// URL path: %s", urlSchemeRequest)
 }
 
 // handleURLSchemeInCurrentInstance processes URL scheme requests in the current instance
 func handleURLSchemeInCurrentInstance(urlSchemeRequest string) {
-	isConnect, uiPath, err := parseURLScheme(urlSchemeRequest)
+	isConnect, err := parseURLScheme(urlSchemeRequest)
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Error("failed to parse URL scheme request", "url", urlSchemeRequest, "error", err)
 		return
@@ -473,6 +466,8 @@ func handleURLSchemeInCurrentInstance(urlSchemeRequest string) {
 	if isConnect {
 		handleConnectURLScheme()
 	} else {
-		sendUIRequestMessage(uiPath)
+		if wv.webview != nil {
+			showWindow(wv.webview.Window())
+		}
 	}
 }

app/cmd/app/app_darwin.m

@@ -24,27 +24,14 @@ bool firstTimeRun,startHidden; // Set in run before initialization
     for (NSURL *url in urls) {
         if ([url.scheme isEqualToString:@"ollama"]) {
             NSString *path = url.path;
-            if (!path || [path isEqualToString:@""]) {
-                // For URLs like ollama://settings (without triple slash),
-                // the "settings" part is parsed as the host, not the path.
-                // We need to convert it to a path by prepending "/"
-                if (url.host && ![url.host isEqualToString:@""]) {
-                    path = [@"/" stringByAppendingString:url.host];
-                } else {
-                    path = @"/";
-                }
-            }
-            
-            if ([path isEqualToString:@"/connect"] || [url.host isEqualToString:@"connect"]) {
+
+            if (path && ([path isEqualToString:@"/connect"] || [url.host isEqualToString:@"connect"])) {
                 // Special case: handle connect by opening browser instead of app
                 handleConnectURL();
             } else {
                 // Set app to be active and visible
                 [NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
                 [NSApp activateIgnoringOtherApps:YES];
-                
-                // Open the path with the UI
-                [self uiRequest:path];
             }
             
             break;
@@ -260,7 +247,7 @@ bool firstTimeRun,startHidden; // Set in run before initialization
 }
 
 - (void)openHelp:(id)sender {
-    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://github.com/ollama/ollama/tree/main/docs"];
+    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://docs.ollama.com/"];
     [[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] openURL:url];
 }
 

app/cmd/app/app_windows.go

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (app *appCallbacks) HandleURLScheme(urlScheme string) {
 
 // handleURLSchemeRequest processes URL scheme requests from other instances
 func handleURLSchemeRequest(urlScheme string) {
-	isConnect, uiPath, err := parseURLScheme(urlScheme)
+	isConnect, err := parseURLScheme(urlScheme)
 	if err != nil {
 		slog.Error("failed to parse URL scheme request", "url", urlScheme, "error", err)
 		return
@@ -147,7 +147,9 @@ func handleURLSchemeRequest(urlScheme string) {
 	if isConnect {
 		handleConnectURLScheme()
 	} else {
-		sendUIRequestMessage(uiPath)
+		if wv.webview != nil {
+			showWindow(wv.webview.Window())
+		}
 	}
 }
 

app/ui/app/src/api.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
 import { parseJsonlFromResponse } from "./util/jsonl-parsing";
 import { ollamaClient as ollama } from "./lib/ollama-client";
 import type { ModelResponse } from "ollama/browser";
+import { API_BASE } from "./lib/config";
 
 // Extend Model class with utility methods
 declare module "@/gotypes" {
@@ -27,8 +28,6 @@ Model.prototype.isCloud = function (): boolean {
   return this.model.endsWith("cloud");
 };
 
-const API_BASE = import.meta.env.DEV ? "http://127.0.0.1:3001" : "";
-
 // Helper function to convert Uint8Array to base64
 function uint8ArrayToBase64(uint8Array: Uint8Array): string {
   const chunkSize = 0x8000; // 32KB chunks to avoid stack overflow

app/ui/app/src/lib/config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// API configuration
+const DEV_API_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:3001";
+
+// Base URL for fetch API calls (can be relative in production)
+export const API_BASE = import.meta.env.DEV ? DEV_API_URL : "";
+
+// Full host URL for Ollama client (needs full origin in production)
+export const OLLAMA_HOST = import.meta.env.DEV
+  ? DEV_API_URL
+  : window.location.origin;

app/ui/app/src/lib/ollama-client.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Ollama } from "ollama/browser";
+import { OLLAMA_HOST } from "./config";
 
 let _ollamaClient: Ollama | null = null;
 
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ export const ollamaClient = new Proxy({} as Ollama, {
   get(_target, prop) {
     if (!_ollamaClient) {
       _ollamaClient = new Ollama({
-        host: window.location.origin,
+        host: OLLAMA_HOST,
       });
     }
     const value = _ollamaClient[prop as keyof Ollama];

cmd/bench/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+Ollama Benchmark Tool
+---------------------
+
+A Go-based command-line tool for benchmarking Ollama models with configurable parameters and multiple output formats.
+
+## Features
+
+ * Benchmark multiple models in a single run
+ * Support for both text and image prompts
+ * Configurable generation parameters (temperature, max tokens, seed, etc.)
+ * Supports benchstat and CSV output formats
+ * Detailed performance metrics (prefill, generate, load, total durations)
+
+## Building from Source
+
+```
+go build -o ollama-bench bench.go
+./bench -model gpt-oss:20b -epochs 6 -format csv
+```
+
+Using Go Run (without building)
+
+```
+go run bench.go -model gpt-oss:20b -epochs 3
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+### Basic Example
+
+```
+./bench -model gemma3 -epochs 6
+```
+
+### Benchmark Multiple Models
+
+```
+./bench -model gemma3,gemma3n -epochs 6 -max-tokens 100 -p "Write me a short story" | tee gemma.bench
+benchstat -col /name gemma.bench
+```
+
+### With Image Prompt
+
+```
+./bench -model qwen3-vl -image photo.jpg -epochs 6 -max-tokens 100 -p "Describe this image"
+```
+
+### Advanced Example
+
+```
+./bench -model llama3 -epochs 10 -temperature 0.7 -max-tokens 500 -seed 42 -format csv -output results.csv
+```
+
+## Command Line Options
+
+| Option  	| Description | Default |
+| -model	| Comma-separated list of models to benchmark	| (required)		|
+| -epochs	| Number of iterations per model		| 1			|
+| -max-tokens	| Maximum tokens for model response		| 0 (unlimited)		|
+| -temperature	| Temperature parameter				| 0.0			|
+| -seed		| Random seed					| 0 (random)		|
+| -timeout	| Timeout in seconds				| 300			|
+| -p		| Prompt text					| "Write a long story."	|
+| -image	| Image file to include in prompt		| 			|
+| -k		| Keep-alive duration in seconds		| 0			|
+| -format	| Output format (benchstat, csv)		| benchstat		|
+| -output	| Output file for results			| "" (stdout)		|
+| -v		| Verbose mode					| false			|
+| -debug	| Show debug information			| false			|
+
+## Output Formats
+
+### Markdown Format
+
+The default markdown format is suitable for copying and pasting into a GitHub issue and will look like:
+```
+ Model | Step | Count | Duration | nsPerToken | tokensPerSec |
+|-------|------|-------|----------|------------|--------------|
+| gpt-oss:20b | prefill | 124 | 30.006458ms | 241987.56 | 4132.44 |
+| gpt-oss:20b | generate | 200 | 2.646843954s | 13234219.77 | 75.56 |
+| gpt-oss:20b | load | 1 | 121.674208ms | - | - |
+| gpt-oss:20b | total | 1 | 2.861047625s | - | - |
+```
+
+### Benchstat Format
+
+Compatible with Go's benchstat tool for statistical analysis:
+
+```
+BenchmarkModel/name=gpt-oss:20b/step=prefill 128 78125.00 ns/token 12800.00 token/sec
+BenchmarkModel/name=gpt-oss:20b/step=generate 512 19531.25 ns/token 51200.00 token/sec
+BenchmarkModel/name=gpt-oss:20b/step=load 1 1500000000 ns/request
+```
+
+### CSV Format
+
+Machine-readable comma-separated values:
+
+```
+NAME,STEP,COUNT,NS_PER_COUNT,TOKEN_PER_SEC
+gpt-oss:20b,prefill,128,78125.00,12800.00
+gpt-oss:20b,generate,512,19531.25,51200.00
+gpt-oss:20b,load,1,1500000000,0
+```
+
+## Metrics Explained
+
+The tool reports four types of metrics for each model:
+
+ * prefill: Time spent processing the prompt
+ * generate: Time spent generating the response
+ * load: Model loading time (one-time cost)
+ * total: Total request duration
+

cmd/bench/bench.go

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"context"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type flagOptions struct {
+	models      *string
+	epochs      *int
+	maxTokens   *int
+	temperature *float64
+	seed        *int
+	timeout     *int
+	prompt      *string
+	imageFile   *string
+	keepAlive   *float64
+	format      *string
+	outputFile  *string
+	debug       *bool
+	verbose     *bool
+}
+
+type Metrics struct {
+	Model    string
+	Step     string
+	Count    int
+	Duration time.Duration
+}
+
+var once sync.Once
+
+const DefaultPrompt = `Please write a descriptive story about a llama named Alonso who grows up to be President of the Land of Llamas. Include details about Alonso's childhood, adolescent years, and how he grew up to be a political mover and shaker. Write the story with a sense of whimsy.`
+
+func OutputMetrics(w io.Writer, format string, metrics []Metrics, verbose bool) {
+	switch format {
+	case "benchstat":
+		if verbose {
+			printHeader := func() {
+				fmt.Printf("sysname: %s\n", runtime.GOOS)
+				fmt.Printf("machine: %s\n", runtime.GOARCH)
+			}
+			once.Do(printHeader)
+		}
+		for _, m := range metrics {
+			if m.Step == "generate" || m.Step == "prefill" {
+				if m.Count > 0 {
+					nsPerToken := float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) / float64(m.Count)
+					tokensPerSec := float64(m.Count) / (float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) + 1e-12) * 1e9
+
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=%s %d %.2f ns/token %.2f token/sec\n",
+						m.Model, m.Step, m.Count, nsPerToken, tokensPerSec)
+				} else {
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=%s %d 0 ns/token 0 token/sec\n",
+						m.Model, m.Step, m.Count)
+				}
+			} else {
+				var suffix string
+				if m.Step == "load" {
+					suffix = "/step=load"
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s%s 1 %d ns/request\n",
+					m.Model, suffix, m.Duration.Nanoseconds())
+			}
+		}
+	case "csv":
+		printHeader := func() {
+			headings := []string{"NAME", "STEP", "COUNT", "NS_PER_COUNT", "TOKEN_PER_SEC"}
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, strings.Join(headings, ","))
+		}
+		once.Do(printHeader)
+
+		for _, m := range metrics {
+			if m.Step == "generate" || m.Step == "prefill" {
+				var nsPerToken float64
+				var tokensPerSec float64
+				if m.Count > 0 {
+					nsPerToken = float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) / float64(m.Count)
+					tokensPerSec = float64(m.Count) / (float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) + 1e-12) * 1e9
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s,%s,%d,%.2f,%.2f\n", m.Model, m.Step, m.Count, nsPerToken, tokensPerSec)
+			} else {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s,%s,1,%d,0\n", m.Model, m.Step, m.Duration.Nanoseconds())
+			}
+		}
+	case "markdown":
+		printHeader := func() {
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "| Model | Step | Count | Duration | nsPerToken | tokensPerSec |")
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "|-------|------|-------|----------|------------|--------------|")
+		}
+		once.Do(printHeader)
+
+		for _, m := range metrics {
+			var nsPerToken, tokensPerSec float64
+			var nsPerTokenStr, tokensPerSecStr string
+
+			if m.Step == "generate" || m.Step == "prefill" {
+				nsPerToken = float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) / float64(m.Count)
+				tokensPerSec = float64(m.Count) / (float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) + 1e-12) * 1e9
+				nsPerTokenStr = fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", nsPerToken)
+				tokensPerSecStr = fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", tokensPerSec)
+			} else {
+				nsPerTokenStr = "-"
+				tokensPerSecStr = "-"
+			}
+
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "| %s | %s | %d | %v | %s | %s |\n",
+				m.Model, m.Step, m.Count, m.Duration, nsPerTokenStr, tokensPerSecStr)
+		}
+	default:
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Unknown output format '%s'\n", format)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkChat(fOpt flagOptions) error {
+	models := strings.Split(*fOpt.models, ",")
+
+	// todo - add multi-image support
+	var imgData api.ImageData
+	var err error
+	if *fOpt.imageFile != "" {
+		imgData, err = readImage(*fOpt.imageFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Couldn't read image '%s': %v\n", *fOpt.imageFile, err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if *fOpt.debug && imgData != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Read file '%s'\n", *fOpt.imageFile)
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Couldn't create ollama client: %v\n", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, model := range models {
+		for range *fOpt.epochs {
+			options := make(map[string]interface{})
+			if *fOpt.maxTokens > 0 {
+				options["num_predict"] = *fOpt.maxTokens
+			}
+			options["temperature"] = *fOpt.temperature
+			if fOpt.seed != nil && *fOpt.seed > 0 {
+				options["seed"] = *fOpt.seed
+			}
+
+			var keepAliveDuration *api.Duration
+			if *fOpt.keepAlive > 0 {
+				duration := api.Duration{Duration: time.Duration(*fOpt.keepAlive * float64(time.Second))}
+				keepAliveDuration = &duration
+			}
+
+			req := &api.ChatRequest{
+				Model: model,
+				Messages: []api.Message{
+					{
+						Role:    "user",
+						Content: *fOpt.prompt,
+					},
+				},
+				Options:   options,
+				KeepAlive: keepAliveDuration,
+			}
+
+			if imgData != nil {
+				req.Messages[0].Images = []api.ImageData{imgData}
+			}
+
+			var responseMetrics *api.Metrics
+
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(*fOpt.timeout)*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			err = client.Chat(ctx, req, func(resp api.ChatResponse) error {
+				if *fOpt.debug {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s", cmp.Or(resp.Message.Thinking, resp.Message.Content))
+				}
+
+				if resp.Done {
+					responseMetrics = &resp.Metrics
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+
+			if *fOpt.debug {
+				fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Chat request timed out with model '%s' after %vs\n", model, 1)
+					continue
+				}
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Couldn't chat with model '%s': %v\n", model, err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if responseMetrics == nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: No metrics received for model '%s'\n", model)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			metrics := []Metrics{
+				{
+					Model:    model,
+					Step:     "prefill",
+					Count:    responseMetrics.PromptEvalCount,
+					Duration: responseMetrics.PromptEvalDuration,
+				},
+				{
+					Model:    model,
+					Step:     "generate",
+					Count:    responseMetrics.EvalCount,
+					Duration: responseMetrics.EvalDuration,
+				},
+				{
+					Model:    model,
+					Step:     "load",
+					Count:    1,
+					Duration: responseMetrics.LoadDuration,
+				},
+				{
+					Model:    model,
+					Step:     "total",
+					Count:    1,
+					Duration: responseMetrics.TotalDuration,
+				},
+			}
+
+			OutputMetrics(os.Stdout, *fOpt.format, metrics, *fOpt.verbose)
+
+			if *fOpt.keepAlive > 0 {
+				time.Sleep(time.Duration(*fOpt.keepAlive*float64(time.Second)) + 200*time.Millisecond)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func readImage(filePath string) (api.ImageData, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open(filePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return api.ImageData(data), nil
+}
+
+func main() {
+	fOpt := flagOptions{
+		models:      flag.String("model", "", "Model to benchmark"),
+		epochs:      flag.Int("epochs", 6, "Number of epochs (iterations) per model"),
+		maxTokens:   flag.Int("max-tokens", 200, "Maximum tokens for model response"),
+		temperature: flag.Float64("temperature", 0, "Temperature parameter"),
+		seed:        flag.Int("seed", 0, "Random seed"),
+		timeout:     flag.Int("timeout", 60*5, "Timeout in seconds (default 300s)"),
+		prompt:      flag.String("p", DefaultPrompt, "Prompt to use"),
+		imageFile:   flag.String("image", "", "Filename for an image to include"),
+		keepAlive:   flag.Float64("k", 0, "Keep alive duration in seconds"),
+		format:      flag.String("format", "markdown", "Output format [benchstat|csv] (default benchstat)"),
+		outputFile:  flag.String("output", "", "Output file for results (stdout if empty)"),
+		verbose:     flag.Bool("v", false, "Show system information"),
+		debug:       flag.Bool("debug", false, "Show debug information"),
+	}
+
+	flag.Usage = func() {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]\n\n", os.Args[0])
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Description:\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  Model benchmarking tool with configurable parameters\n\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Options:\n")
+		flag.PrintDefaults()
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nExamples:\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  bench -model gpt-oss:20b -epochs 3 -temperature 0.7\n")
+	}
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	if !slices.Contains([]string{"markdown", "benchstat", "csv"}, *fOpt.format) {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Unknown format '%s'\n", *fOpt.format)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	if len(*fOpt.models) == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: No model(s) specified to benchmark.\n")
+		flag.Usage()
+		return
+	}
+
+	BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+}

cmd/bench/bench_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func createTestFlagOptions() flagOptions {
+	models := "test-model"
+	format := "benchstat"
+	epochs := 1
+	maxTokens := 100
+	temperature := 0.7
+	seed := 42
+	timeout := 30
+	prompt := "test prompt"
+	imageFile := ""
+	keepAlive := 5.0
+	verbose := false
+	debug := false
+
+	return flagOptions{
+		models:      &models,
+		format:      &format,
+		epochs:      &epochs,
+		maxTokens:   &maxTokens,
+		temperature: &temperature,
+		seed:        &seed,
+		timeout:     &timeout,
+		prompt:      &prompt,
+		imageFile:   &imageFile,
+		keepAlive:   &keepAlive,
+		verbose:     &verbose,
+		debug:       &debug,
+	}
+}
+
+func captureOutput(f func()) string {
+	oldStdout := os.Stdout
+	oldStderr := os.Stderr
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = oldStdout
+		os.Stderr = oldStderr
+	}()
+
+	r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = w
+	os.Stderr = w
+
+	f()
+
+	w.Close()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	io.Copy(&buf, r)
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+func createMockOllamaServer(t *testing.T, responses []api.ChatResponse) *httptest.Server {
+	return httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/api/chat" {
+			t.Errorf("Expected path /api/chat, got %s", r.URL.Path)
+			http.Error(w, "Not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if r.Method != "POST" {
+			t.Errorf("Expected POST method, got %s", r.Method)
+			http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+
+		for _, resp := range responses {
+			jsonData, err := json.Marshal(resp)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Failed to marshal response: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+			w.Write(jsonData)
+			w.Write([]byte("\n"))
+			if f, ok := w.(http.Flusher); ok {
+				f.Flush()
+			}
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // Simulate some delay
+		}
+	}))
+}
+
+func TestBenchmarkChat_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+
+	mockResponses := []api.ChatResponse{
+		{
+			Model: "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "test response part 1",
+			},
+			Done: false,
+		},
+		{
+			Model: "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "test response part 2",
+			},
+			Done: true,
+			Metrics: api.Metrics{
+				PromptEvalCount:    10,
+				PromptEvalDuration: 100 * time.Millisecond,
+				EvalCount:          50,
+				EvalDuration:       500 * time.Millisecond,
+				TotalDuration:      600 * time.Millisecond,
+				LoadDuration:       50 * time.Millisecond,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	server := createMockOllamaServer(t, mockResponses)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", server.URL)
+
+	output := captureOutput(func() {
+		err := BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "BenchmarkModel/name=test-model/step=prefill") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected output to contain prefill metrics, got: %s", output)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "BenchmarkModel/name=test-model/step=generate") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected output to contain generate metrics, got: %s", output)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "ns/token") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected output to contain ns/token metric, got: %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBenchmarkChat_ServerError(t *testing.T) {
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		http.Error(w, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", server.URL)
+
+	output := captureOutput(func() {
+		err := BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected error to be handled internally, got returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "ERROR: Couldn't chat with model") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error message about chat failure, got: %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBenchmarkChat_Timeout(t *testing.T) {
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+	shortTimeout := 1 // Very short timeout
+	fOpt.timeout = &shortTimeout
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// Simulate a long delay that will cause timeout
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		response := api.ChatResponse{
+			Model: "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "test response",
+			},
+			Done: true,
+			Metrics: api.Metrics{
+				PromptEvalCount:    10,
+				PromptEvalDuration: 100 * time.Millisecond,
+				EvalCount:          50,
+				EvalDuration:       500 * time.Millisecond,
+				TotalDuration:      600 * time.Millisecond,
+				LoadDuration:       50 * time.Millisecond,
+			},
+		}
+		jsonData, _ := json.Marshal(response)
+		w.Write(jsonData)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", server.URL)
+
+	output := captureOutput(func() {
+		err := BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected timeout to be handled internally, got returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "ERROR: Chat request timed out") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected timeout error message, got: %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBenchmarkChat_NoMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+
+	mockResponses := []api.ChatResponse{
+		{
+			Model: "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "test response",
+			},
+			Done: false, // Never sends Done=true
+		},
+	}
+
+	server := createMockOllamaServer(t, mockResponses)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", server.URL)
+
+	output := captureOutput(func() {
+		err := BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "ERROR: No metrics received") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected no metrics error message, got: %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBenchmarkChat_MultipleModels(t *testing.T) {
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+	models := "model1,model2"
+	epochs := 2
+	fOpt.models = &models
+	fOpt.epochs = &epochs
+
+	callCount := 0
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		callCount++
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+		var req api.ChatRequest
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
+
+		response := api.ChatResponse{
+			Model: req.Model,
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "test response for " + req.Model,
+			},
+			Done: true,
+			Metrics: api.Metrics{
+				PromptEvalCount:    10,
+				PromptEvalDuration: 100 * time.Millisecond,
+				EvalCount:          50,
+				EvalDuration:       500 * time.Millisecond,
+				TotalDuration:      600 * time.Millisecond,
+				LoadDuration:       50 * time.Millisecond,
+			},
+		}
+		jsonData, _ := json.Marshal(response)
+		w.Write(jsonData)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", server.URL)
+
+	output := captureOutput(func() {
+		err := BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Should be called 4 times (2 models × 2 epochs)
+	if callCount != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 4 API calls, got %d", callCount)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "BenchmarkModel/name=model1") || !strings.Contains(output, "BenchmarkModel/name=model2") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected output for both models, got: %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBenchmarkChat_WithImage(t *testing.T) {
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+
+	tmpfile, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "testimage")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(tmpfile.Name())
+
+	content := []byte("fake image data")
+	if _, err := tmpfile.Write(content); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write to temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+	tmpfile.Close()
+
+	tmpfileName := tmpfile.Name()
+	fOpt.imageFile = &tmpfileName
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// Verify the request contains image data
+		var req api.ChatRequest
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
+
+		if len(req.Messages) == 0 || len(req.Messages[0].Images) == 0 {
+			t.Error("Expected request to contain images")
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		response := api.ChatResponse{
+			Model: "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "test response with image",
+			},
+			Done: true,
+			Metrics: api.Metrics{
+				PromptEvalCount:    10,
+				PromptEvalDuration: 100 * time.Millisecond,
+				EvalCount:          50,
+				EvalDuration:       500 * time.Millisecond,
+				TotalDuration:      600 * time.Millisecond,
+				LoadDuration:       50 * time.Millisecond,
+			},
+		}
+		jsonData, _ := json.Marshal(response)
+		w.Write(jsonData)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", server.URL)
+
+	output := captureOutput(func() {
+		err := BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "BenchmarkModel/name=test-model") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected benchmark output, got: %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBenchmarkChat_ImageError(t *testing.T) {
+	randFileName := func() string {
+		const charset = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
+		const length = 8
+
+		result := make([]byte, length)
+		rand.Read(result) // Fill with random bytes
+
+		for i := range result {
+			result[i] = charset[result[i]%byte(len(charset))]
+		}
+
+		return string(result) + ".txt"
+	}
+
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+	imageFile := randFileName()
+	fOpt.imageFile = &imageFile
+
+	output := captureOutput(func() {
+		err := BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Error("Expected error from image reading, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output, "ERROR: Couldn't read image") {
+		t.Errorf("Expected image read error message, got: %s", output)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadImage_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpfile, err := os.CreateTemp(t.TempDir(), "testimage")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(tmpfile.Name())
+
+	content := []byte("fake image data")
+	if _, err := tmpfile.Write(content); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write to temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+	tmpfile.Close()
+
+	imgData, err := readImage(tmpfile.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if imgData == nil {
+		t.Error("Expected image data, got nil")
+	}
+
+	expected := api.ImageData(content)
+	if string(imgData) != string(expected) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected image data %v, got %v", expected, imgData)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadImage_FileNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	imgData, err := readImage("nonexistentfile.jpg")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("Expected error for non-existent file, got nil")
+	}
+	if imgData != nil {
+		t.Error("Expected nil image data for non-existent file")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOptionsMapCreation(t *testing.T) {
+	fOpt := createTestFlagOptions()
+
+	options := make(map[string]interface{})
+	if *fOpt.maxTokens > 0 {
+		options["num_predict"] = *fOpt.maxTokens
+	}
+	options["temperature"] = *fOpt.temperature
+	if fOpt.seed != nil && *fOpt.seed > 0 {
+		options["seed"] = *fOpt.seed
+	}
+
+	if options["num_predict"] != *fOpt.maxTokens {
+		t.Errorf("Expected num_predict %d, got %v", *fOpt.maxTokens, options["num_predict"])
+	}
+	if options["temperature"] != *fOpt.temperature {
+		t.Errorf("Expected temperature %f, got %v", *fOpt.temperature, options["temperature"])
+	}
+	if options["seed"] != *fOpt.seed {
+		t.Errorf("Expected seed %d, got %v", *fOpt.seed, options["seed"])
+	}
+}

cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py

@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# /// script
+# requires-python = ">=3.11"
+# dependencies = [
+#   "transformers>=4.57.0",
+#   "jinja2",
+#   "fastapi",
+#   "uvicorn",
+#   "pydantic",
+#   "requests",
+# ]
+# ///
+"""
+Chat Template Testing Tool
+
+Test HuggingFace chat templates against Ollama renderers.
+
+Usage:
+    # Run predefined test cases against a HuggingFace model
+    uv run cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py --model PrimeIntellect/INTELLECT-3
+
+    # Compare HuggingFace output with Ollama renderer
+    uv run cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py --model PrimeIntellect/INTELLECT-3 --ollama-model intellect3
+
+    # Start server for manual curl testing
+    uv run cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py --serve
+
+    # Show chat template for a model
+    uv run cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py --model PrimeIntellect/INTELLECT-3 --show-template
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import sys
+from typing import Any
+
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+
+
+TEST_CASES = [
+    {
+        "name": "basic_user_message",
+        "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "Hello!"}],
+        "tools": None,
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "with_system_message",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Hello!"},
+        ],
+        "tools": None,
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "multi_turn_conversation",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Hello"},
+            {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hi there!"},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "How are you?"},
+        ],
+        "tools": None,
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "with_tools",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "What is the weather?"},
+        ],
+        "tools": [
+            {
+                "type": "function",
+                "function": {
+                    "name": "get_weather",
+                    "description": "Get the current weather",
+                    "parameters": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["location"],
+                        "properties": {
+                            "location": {"type": "string", "description": "The city"}
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "tool_call_and_response",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "What is the weather in SF?"},
+            {
+                "role": "assistant",
+                "content": "Let me check the weather.",
+                "tool_calls": [
+                    {
+                        "id": "call_1",
+                        "type": "function",
+                        "function": {
+                            "name": "get_weather",
+                            "arguments": {"location": "San Francisco"},
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+            {"role": "tool", "content": '{"temperature": 68}', "tool_call_id": "call_1"},
+        ],
+        "tools": [
+            {
+                "type": "function",
+                "function": {
+                    "name": "get_weather",
+                    "description": "Get the current weather",
+                    "parameters": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "required": ["location"],
+                        "properties": {
+                            "location": {"type": "string", "description": "The city"}
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "parallel_tool_calls",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Get weather in SF and NYC"},
+            {
+                "role": "assistant",
+                "tool_calls": [
+                    {
+                        "id": "call_1",
+                        "type": "function",
+                        "function": {
+                            "name": "get_weather",
+                            "arguments": {"location": "San Francisco"},
+                        },
+                    },
+                    {
+                        "id": "call_2",
+                        "type": "function",
+                        "function": {
+                            "name": "get_weather",
+                            "arguments": {"location": "New York"},
+                        },
+                    },
+                ],
+            },
+            {"role": "tool", "content": '{"temperature": 68}', "tool_call_id": "call_1"},
+            {"role": "tool", "content": '{"temperature": 55}', "tool_call_id": "call_2"},
+        ],
+        "tools": [
+            {
+                "type": "function",
+                "function": {
+                    "name": "get_weather",
+                    "parameters": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "properties": {"location": {"type": "string"}},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ],
+    },
+    # Thinking tests
+    {
+        "name": "assistant_with_thinking",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "What is 2+2?"},
+            {
+                "role": "assistant",
+                "content": "The answer is 4.",
+                "thinking": "Let me calculate: 2 + 2 = 4. This is basic arithmetic.",
+            },
+            {"role": "user", "content": "And 3+3?"},
+        ],
+        "tools": None,
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "thinking_with_tool_call",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "What's the weather in Paris?"},
+            {
+                "role": "assistant",
+                "content": "I'll check the weather for you.",
+                "thinking": "The user wants to know the weather in Paris. I should call the get_weather function.",
+                "tool_calls": [
+                    {
+                        "id": "call_1",
+                        "type": "function",
+                        "function": {
+                            "name": "get_weather",
+                            "arguments": {"location": "Paris"},
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+            {"role": "tool", "content": '{"temperature": 18, "condition": "cloudy"}', "tool_call_id": "call_1"},
+        ],
+        "tools": [
+            {
+                "type": "function",
+                "function": {
+                    "name": "get_weather",
+                    "description": "Get current weather",
+                    "parameters": {
+                        "type": "object",
+                        "properties": {"location": {"type": "string"}},
+                    },
+                },
+            }
+        ],
+    },
+    {
+        "name": "thinking_only_no_content",
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Think about this silently."},
+            {
+                "role": "assistant",
+                "content": "",  # HuggingFace requires content field
+                "thinking": "I'm thinking about this but won't respond with visible content.",
+            },
+            {"role": "user", "content": "What did you think?"},
+        ],
+        "tools": None,
+    },
+]
+
+# Cache for tokenizers
+_tokenizer_cache: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+
+def get_tokenizer(model_name: str):
+    """Get or create tokenizer for the given model."""
+    if model_name not in _tokenizer_cache:
+        print(f"Loading tokenizer for {model_name}...", file=sys.stderr)
+        _tokenizer_cache[model_name] = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
+    return _tokenizer_cache[model_name]
+
+
+def apply_template(
+    model: str,
+    messages: list[dict],
+    tools: list[dict] | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Apply HuggingFace chat template to messages."""
+    tokenizer = get_tokenizer(model)
+
+    if tools:
+        return tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
+            messages,
+            tools=tools,
+            tokenize=False,
+            add_generation_prompt=True,
+        )
+    else:
+        return tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
+            messages,
+            tokenize=False,
+            add_generation_prompt=True,
+        )
+
+
+def get_ollama_prompt(
+    ollama_model: str,
+    messages: list[dict],
+    tools: list[dict] | None = None,
+    ollama_host: str = "http://localhost:11434",
+) -> str | None:
+    """Get rendered prompt from Ollama using debug_render_only."""
+    import requests
+
+    # Convert messages to Ollama format
+    ollama_messages = []
+    for msg in messages:
+        ollama_msg = {"role": msg["role"]}
+        if "content" in msg:
+            ollama_msg["content"] = msg["content"]
+        if "thinking" in msg:
+            ollama_msg["thinking"] = msg["thinking"]
+        if "tool_calls" in msg:
+            # Convert tool_calls to Ollama format
+            tool_calls = []
+            for tc in msg["tool_calls"]:
+                tool_call = {
+                    "function": {
+                        "name": tc["function"]["name"],
+                        "arguments": tc["function"]["arguments"],
+                    }
+                }
+                if "id" in tc:
+                    tool_call["id"] = tc["id"]
+                tool_calls.append(tool_call)
+            ollama_msg["tool_calls"] = tool_calls
+        if "tool_call_id" in msg:
+            ollama_msg["tool_call_id"] = msg["tool_call_id"]
+        ollama_messages.append(ollama_msg)
+
+    payload = {
+        "model": ollama_model,
+        "messages": ollama_messages,
+        "stream": False,
+        "_debug_render_only": True,
+    }
+
+    if tools:
+        payload["tools"] = tools
+
+    try:
+        resp = requests.post(f"{ollama_host}/api/chat", json=payload, timeout=30)
+        resp.raise_for_status()
+        data = resp.json()
+        # Field name is _debug_info with underscore prefix
+        if "_debug_info" in data and "rendered_template" in data["_debug_info"]:
+            return data["_debug_info"]["rendered_template"]
+        return None
+    except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
+        print(f"  [ERROR] Cannot connect to Ollama at {ollama_host}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return None
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"  [ERROR] Ollama request failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return None
+
+
+def compute_diff(hf_prompt: str, ollama_prompt: str) -> str:
+    """Compute a unified diff between HuggingFace and Ollama prompts."""
+    import difflib
+
+    hf_lines = hf_prompt.splitlines(keepends=True)
+    ollama_lines = ollama_prompt.splitlines(keepends=True)
+
+    diff = difflib.unified_diff(
+        ollama_lines,
+        hf_lines,
+        fromfile="Ollama",
+        tofile="HuggingFace",
+        lineterm="",
+    )
+    return "".join(diff)
+
+
+def print_test_output(
+    name: str,
+    messages: list[dict],
+    tools: list[dict] | None,
+    hf_prompt: str,
+    ollama_prompt: str | None = None,
+    as_repr: bool = False,
+):
+    """Print test output in a format suitable for Go test creation and LLM diffing."""
+    print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+    print(f"Test: {name}")
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print("\n--- Input Messages ---")
+    print(json.dumps(messages, indent=2))
+    if tools:
+        print("\n--- Tools ---")
+        print(json.dumps(tools, indent=2))
+
+    if ollama_prompt is not None:
+        # Comparison mode
+        if hf_prompt == ollama_prompt:
+            print("\n--- Result: MATCH ---")
+            print("\n--- Prompt (both identical) ---")
+            if as_repr:
+                print(repr(hf_prompt))
+            else:
+                print(hf_prompt)
+        else:
+            print("\n--- Result: MISMATCH ---")
+            print("\n--- HuggingFace Prompt ---")
+            if as_repr:
+                print(repr(hf_prompt))
+            else:
+                print(hf_prompt)
+            print("\n--- Ollama Prompt ---")
+            if as_repr:
+                print(repr(ollama_prompt))
+            else:
+                print(ollama_prompt)
+            print("\n--- Diff (Ollama -> HuggingFace) ---")
+            diff = compute_diff(hf_prompt, ollama_prompt)
+            if diff:
+                print(diff)
+            else:
+                print("(no line-level diff, check whitespace)")
+    else:
+        # HuggingFace only mode
+        print("\n--- HuggingFace Prompt ---")
+        if as_repr:
+            print(repr(hf_prompt))
+        else:
+            print(hf_prompt)
+
+    print("=" * 60)
+
+
+def run_tests(
+    model: str,
+    as_repr: bool = False,
+    test_filter: str | None = None,
+    ollama_model: str | None = None,
+    ollama_host: str = "http://localhost:11434",
+):
+    """Run all predefined test cases against a model."""
+    if ollama_model:
+        print(f"\nComparing HuggingFace ({model}) vs Ollama ({ollama_model})\n")
+    else:
+        print(f"\nRunning tests against: {model}\n")
+
+    matches = 0
+    mismatches = 0
+    errors = 0
+
+    for test_case in TEST_CASES:
+        name = test_case["name"]
+        messages = test_case["messages"]
+        tools = test_case["tools"]
+
+        # Filter tests if specified
+        if test_filter and test_filter.lower() not in name.lower():
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            hf_prompt = apply_template(model, messages, tools)
+
+            ollama_prompt = None
+            if ollama_model:
+                ollama_prompt = get_ollama_prompt(
+                    ollama_model, messages, tools, ollama_host
+                )
+                if ollama_prompt is None:
+                    errors += 1
+                elif hf_prompt == ollama_prompt:
+                    matches += 1
+                else:
+                    mismatches += 1
+
+            print_test_output(
+                name, messages, tools, hf_prompt, ollama_prompt, as_repr=as_repr
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            errors += 1
+            print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+            print(f"Test: {name} - FAILED")
+            print(f"--- Input Messages ---")
+            print(json.dumps(messages, indent=2))
+            if tools:
+                print(f"--- Tools ---")
+                print(json.dumps(tools, indent=2))
+            print(f"--- Error ---")
+            print(f"{e}")
+            print("=" * 60)
+
+    # Print summary if comparing
+    if ollama_model:
+        total = matches + mismatches + errors
+        print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+        print("SUMMARY")
+        print("=" * 60)
+        print(f"  Total:      {total}")
+        print(f"  Matches:    {matches}")
+        print(f"  Mismatches: {mismatches}")
+        print(f"  Errors:     {errors}")
+        print("=" * 60)
+
+
+def show_template(model: str):
+    """Show the chat template for a model."""
+    tokenizer = get_tokenizer(model)
+    print(f"\nChat template for {model}:\n")
+    print("-" * 60)
+    print(tokenizer.chat_template)
+    print("-" * 60)
+
+
+def start_server(host: str = "0.0.0.0", port: int = 8000):
+    """Start the FastAPI server for manual testing."""
+    from typing import Optional, List, Dict, Any as TypingAny
+
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+    from pydantic import BaseModel
+    import uvicorn
+
+    class Message(BaseModel):
+        role: str
+        content: Optional[str] = None
+        tool_calls: Optional[List[Dict[str, TypingAny]]] = None
+        tool_call_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+    class GeneratePromptRequest(BaseModel):
+        messages: List[Message]
+        model: str = "PrimeIntellect/INTELLECT-3"
+        tools: Optional[List[Dict[str, TypingAny]]] = None
+        inject_tools_as_functions: bool = False
+
+    class GeneratePromptResponse(BaseModel):
+        prompt: str
+        model: str
+
+    app = FastAPI(title="HuggingFace Prompt Generator", version="1.0.0")
+
+    @app.post("/generate-prompt", response_model=GeneratePromptResponse)
+    async def generate_prompt(request: GeneratePromptRequest):
+        try:
+            messages = []
+            for msg in request.messages:
+                message_dict = {"role": msg.role}
+                if msg.content is not None:
+                    message_dict["content"] = msg.content
+                if msg.tool_calls is not None:
+                    tool_calls = []
+                    for tc in msg.tool_calls:
+                        tc_copy = tc.copy()
+                        if "function" in tc_copy and "arguments" in tc_copy["function"]:
+                            args = tc_copy["function"]["arguments"]
+                            if isinstance(args, str):
+                                try:
+                                    tc_copy["function"]["arguments"] = json.loads(args)
+                                except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                                    pass
+                        tool_calls.append(tc_copy)
+                    message_dict["tool_calls"] = tool_calls
+                if msg.tool_call_id is not None:
+                    message_dict["tool_call_id"] = msg.tool_call_id
+                messages.append(message_dict)
+
+            prompt = apply_template(request.model, messages, request.tools)
+            return GeneratePromptResponse(prompt=prompt, model=request.model)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+    @app.get("/health")
+    async def health_check():
+        return {"status": "healthy"}
+
+    print(f"Starting server on http://{host}:{port}")
+    print("Endpoints:")
+    print("  POST /generate-prompt - Generate prompt from messages")
+    print("  GET  /health          - Health check")
+    uvicorn.run(app, host=host, port=port)
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="HuggingFace Prompt Testing Tool",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog=__doc__,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--model",
+        "-m",
+        type=str,
+        help="HuggingFace model name (e.g., PrimeIntellect/INTELLECT-3)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--ollama-model",
+        "-o",
+        type=str,
+        help="Ollama model name to compare against (e.g., qwen3-coder)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--ollama-host",
+        type=str,
+        default="http://localhost:11434",
+        help="Ollama server URL (default: http://localhost:11434)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--serve",
+        "-s",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Start FastAPI server for manual curl testing",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--port",
+        "-p",
+        type=int,
+        default=8000,
+        help="Server port (default: 8000)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--show-template",
+        "-t",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Show the chat template for the model",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--repr",
+        "-r",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="Output prompts as Python repr (shows escape sequences)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--filter",
+        "-f",
+        type=str,
+        help="Filter tests by name (substring match)",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if args.serve:
+        start_server(port=args.port)
+    elif args.model:
+        if args.show_template:
+            show_template(args.model)
+        else:
+            run_tests(
+                args.model,
+                as_repr=args.repr,
+                test_filter=args.filter,
+                ollama_model=args.ollama_model,
+                ollama_host=args.ollama_host,
+            )
+    else:
+        parser.print_help()
+        print("\nExample usage:")
+        print("  uv run cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py --model PrimeIntellect/INTELLECT-3")
+        print("  uv run cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py --model Qwen/Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct --ollama-model qwen3-coder")
+        print("  uv run cmd/chat_template/chat_template.py --serve")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
+

convert/convert.go

@@ -206,6 +206,8 @@ func ConvertModel(fsys fs.FS, f *os.File) error {
 		conv = &commandrModel{}
 	case "GptOssForCausalLM":
 		conv = &gptossModel{}
+	case "DeepseekOCRForCausalLM":
+		conv = &deepseekocr{}
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported architecture %q", p.Architectures[0])
 	}

convert/convert_deepseekocr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package convert
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs/ggml"
+)
+
+type deepseekocr struct {
+	ModelParameters
+	LanguageConfig struct {
+		MaxPositionEmbeddings uint32 `json:"max_position_embeddings"`
+		HiddenSize            uint32 `json:"hidden_size"`
+		HiddenLayers          uint32 `json:"num_hidden_layers"`
+		IntermediateSize      uint32 `json:"intermediate_size"`
+		NumAttentionHeads     uint32 `json:"num_attention_heads"`
+		NumKeyValueHeads      uint32 `json:"num_key_value_heads"`
+		NumRoutedExperts      uint32 `json:"n_routed_experts"`
+		NumSharedExperts      uint32 `json:"n_shared_experts"`
+		NumExpertsPerToken    uint32 `json:"num_experts_per_tok"`
+		FirstKDenseReplace    uint32 `json:"first_k_dense_replace"`
+	} `json:"language_config"`
+
+	VisionConfig struct {
+		ImageSize uint32 `json:"image_size"`
+		Width     struct {
+			Vision struct {
+				Heads     uint32 `json:"heads"`
+				ImageSize uint32 `json:"image_size"`
+				Layers    uint32 `json:"layers"`
+				PatchSize uint32 `json:"patch_size"`
+				Width     uint32 `json:"width"`
+			} `json:"clip-l-14-224"`
+			Sam struct {
+				GlobalAttentionIndexes []int32 `json:"global_attn_indexes"`
+				Heads                  uint32  `json:"heads"`
+				Layers                 uint32  `json:"layers"`
+				Width                  uint32  `json:"width"`
+			} `json:"sam_vit_b"`
+		}
+	} `json:"vision_config"`
+}
+
+func (m *deepseekocr) KV(t *Tokenizer) ggml.KV {
+	kv := m.ModelParameters.KV(t)
+	kv["general.architecture"] = "deepseekocr"
+	kv["block_count"] = m.LanguageConfig.HiddenLayers
+	kv["context_length"] = m.LanguageConfig.MaxPositionEmbeddings
+	kv["embedding_length"] = m.LanguageConfig.HiddenSize
+	kv["feed_forward_length"] = m.LanguageConfig.IntermediateSize
+	kv["attention.head_count"] = m.LanguageConfig.NumAttentionHeads
+	kv["attention.head_count_kv"] = m.LanguageConfig.NumKeyValueHeads
+	kv["expert_count"] = m.LanguageConfig.NumRoutedExperts
+	kv["expert_used_count"] = m.LanguageConfig.NumExpertsPerToken
+	kv["leading_dense_block_count"] = m.LanguageConfig.FirstKDenseReplace
+
+	kv["vision.block_count"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Vision.Layers
+	kv["vision.embedding_length"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Vision.Width
+	kv["vision.head_count"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Vision.Heads
+	kv["vision.image_size"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Vision.ImageSize
+	kv["vision.patch_size"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Vision.PatchSize
+
+	kv["sam.block_count"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Sam.Layers
+	kv["sam.embedding_length"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Sam.Width
+	kv["sam.head_count"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Sam.Heads
+	kv["sam.global_attention_indexes"] = m.VisionConfig.Width.Sam.GlobalAttentionIndexes
+	return kv
+}
+
+func (m *deepseekocr) Tensors(s []Tensor) (out []*ggml.Tensor) {
+	merges := make([]merge, m.LanguageConfig.HiddenLayers*3)
+	for i := range m.LanguageConfig.HiddenLayers {
+		merges[i*3+0] = merge{
+			fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d.mlp.experts.*.gate_proj.weight", i),
+			fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d.ffn_gate_exps.weight", i),
+		}
+		merges[i*3+1] = merge{
+			fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d.mlp.experts.*.up_proj.weight", i),
+			fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d.ffn_up_exps.weight", i),
+		}
+		merges[i*3+2] = merge{
+			fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d.mlp.experts.*.down_proj.weight", i),
+			fmt.Sprintf("blk.%d.ffn_down_exps.weight", i),
+		}
+	}
+
+	out, s = mergeTensors(s, merges...)
+	for _, t := range s {
+		out = append(out, &ggml.Tensor{
+			Name:     t.Name(),
+			Kind:     t.Kind(),
+			Shape:    t.Shape(),
+			WriterTo: t,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (m *deepseekocr) Replacements() []string {
+	return []string{
+		"model.embed_tokens", "token_embd",
+		"model.layers", "blk",
+		"input_layernorm", "attn_norm",
+		"self_attn.q_proj", "attn_q",
+		"self_attn.k_proj", "attn_k",
+		"self_attn.v_proj", "attn_v",
+		"self_attn.o_proj", "attn_output",
+		"post_attention_layernorm", "ffn_norm",
+		"mlp.gate_proj", "ffn_gate",
+		"mlp.up_proj", "ffn_up",
+		"mlp.down_proj", "ffn_down",
+		"mlp.gate", "ffn_gate_inp",
+		"mlp.shared_experts.gate_proj", "ffn_gate_shexp",
+		"mlp.shared_experts.up_proj", "ffn_up_shexp",
+		"mlp.shared_experts.down_proj", "ffn_down_shexp",
+		"model.norm", "output_norm",
+		"lm_head", "output",
+
+		"model.vision_model", "v",
+		"embeddings.patch_embedding", "patch_embd",
+		"embeddings.class_embedding", "class_embd",
+		"embeddings.position_embedding", "position_embd",
+		"transformer.layers", "blk",
+
+		"model.projector", "mm",
+		"model.image_newline", "mm.image_newline",
+		//nolint:misspell // this misspelling is upstream. fixing it breaks the model
+		"model.view_seperator", "mm.view_seperator",
+
+		"model.sam_model.patch_embed.proj", "s.patch_embd",
+		"model.sam_model.pos_embed", "s.position_embd",
+		"model.sam_model.blocks", "s.blk",
+		"model.sam_model.neck", "s.neck",
+		"model.sam_model.net_", "s.net_",
+	}
+}

convert/reader.go

@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@ func (t tensorBase) Kind() uint32 {
 		t.name == "v.positional_embedding_vlm" ||
 		t.name == "v.tile_position_embd.weight" ||
 		t.name == "v.pre_tile_position_embd.weight" ||
-		t.name == "v.post_tile_position_embd.weight" {
+		t.name == "v.post_tile_position_embd.weight" ||
+		t.name == "s.position_embd" ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(t.name, "rel_pos_h") ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(t.name, "rel_pos_w") {
 		// these tensors are always F32
 		return tensorKindFP32
 	}

convert/reader_safetensors.go

@@ -96,7 +96,10 @@ type safetensor struct {
 
 func (st safetensor) Kind() uint32 {
 	kind := st.tensorBase.Kind()
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(st.name, "v.") && st.dtype == "BF16" && kind != tensorKindFP32 {
+	if st.dtype == "BF16" &&
+		!strings.HasPrefix(st.name, "v.") &&
+		!strings.HasPrefix(st.name, "s.") &&
+		kind != tensorKindFP32 {
 		kind = tensorKindBF16
 	}
 

discover/cpu_linux.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package discover
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
@@ -10,12 +11,21 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"regexp"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
 )
 
 func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
+	mem, err := getCPUMem()
+	if err != nil {
+		return memInfo{}, err
+	}
+	return getCPUMemByCgroups(mem), nil
+}
+
+func getCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	var mem memInfo
 	var total, available, free, buffers, cached, freeSwap uint64
 	f, err := os.Open("/proc/meminfo")
@@ -56,6 +66,32 @@ func GetCPUMem() (memInfo, error) {
 	return mem, nil
 }
 
+func getCPUMemByCgroups(mem memInfo) memInfo {
+	total, err := getUint64ValueFromFile("/sys/fs/cgroup/memory.max")
+	if err == nil {
+		mem.TotalMemory = total
+	}
+	used, err := getUint64ValueFromFile("/sys/fs/cgroup/memory.current")
+	if err == nil {
+		mem.FreeMemory = mem.TotalMemory - used
+	}
+	return mem
+}
+
+func getUint64ValueFromFile(path string) (uint64, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	s := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for s.Scan() {
+		line := s.Text()
+		return strconv.ParseUint(line, 10, 64)
+	}
+	return 0, errors.New("empty file content")
+}
+
 const CpuInfoFilename = "/proc/cpuinfo"
 
 type linuxCpuInfo struct {
@@ -74,7 +110,41 @@ func GetCPUDetails() []CPU {
 		return nil
 	}
 	defer file.Close()
-	return linuxCPUDetails(file)
+	cpus := linuxCPUDetails(file)
+	return overwriteThreadCountByLinuxCgroups(cpus)
+}
+
+func overwriteThreadCountByLinuxCgroups(cpus []CPU) []CPU {
+	file, err := os.Open("/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu.max")
+	if err != nil {
+		return cpus
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		if sl := strings.Split(line, " "); len(sl) == 2 {
+			allowdUs, err := strconv.ParseInt(sl[0], 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("failed to parse CPU allowed micro secs", "error", err)
+				return cpus
+			}
+			unitUs, err := strconv.ParseInt(sl[1], 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("failed to parse CPU unit micro secs", "error", err)
+				return cpus
+			}
+
+			threads := int(max(allowdUs/unitUs, 1))
+
+			cpu := cpus[0]
+			cpu.CoreCount = threads
+			cpu.ThreadCount = threads
+			return []CPU{cpu}
+		}
+	}
+	return cpus
 }
 
 func linuxCPUDetails(file io.Reader) []CPU {

discover/runner.go

@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ func GPUDevices(ctx context.Context, runners []ml.FilteredRunnerDiscovery) []ml.
 		}
 
 		slog.Info("discovering available GPUs...")
+		detectIncompatibleLibraries()
+
+		// Warn if any user-overrides are set which could lead to incorrect GPU discovery
+		overrideWarnings()
+
 		requested := envconfig.LLMLibrary()
 		jetpack := cudaJetpack()
 
@@ -90,10 +95,13 @@ func GPUDevices(ctx context.Context, runners []ml.FilteredRunnerDiscovery) []ml.
 			var dirs []string
 			if dir != "" {
 				if requested != "" && filepath.Base(dir) != requested {
-					slog.Debug("skipping available library at users request", "requested", requested, "libDir", dir)
+					slog.Debug("skipping available library at user's request", "requested", requested, "libDir", dir)
 					continue
 				} else if jetpack != "" && filepath.Base(dir) != "cuda_"+jetpack {
 					continue
+				} else if jetpack == "" && strings.Contains(filepath.Base(dir), "cuda_jetpack") {
+					slog.Debug("jetpack not detected (set JETSON_JETPACK or OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY to override), skipping", "libDir", dir)
+					continue
 				} else if !envconfig.EnableVulkan() && strings.Contains(filepath.Base(dir), "vulkan") {
 					slog.Info("experimental Vulkan support disabled.  To enable, set OLLAMA_VULKAN=1")
 					continue
@@ -113,7 +121,7 @@ func GPUDevices(ctx context.Context, runners []ml.FilteredRunnerDiscovery) []ml.
 		// In the second pass, we more deeply initialize the GPUs to weed out devices that
 		// aren't supported by a given library.  We run this phase in parallel to speed up discovery.
 		// Only devices that need verification are included in this pass
-		slog.Debug("evluating which if any devices to filter out", "initial_count", len(devices))
+		slog.Debug("evaluating which, if any, devices to filter out", "initial_count", len(devices))
 		ctx2ndPass, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
 		var wg sync.WaitGroup
@@ -121,11 +129,21 @@ func GPUDevices(ctx context.Context, runners []ml.FilteredRunnerDiscovery) []ml.
 		supportedMu := sync.Mutex{}
 		supported := make(map[string]map[string]map[string]int) // [Library][libDir][ID] = pre-deletion devices index
 		for i := range devices {
+			libDir := devices[i].LibraryPath[len(devices[i].LibraryPath)-1]
 			if !devices[i].NeedsInitValidation() {
+				// No need to validate, add to the supported map
+				supportedMu.Lock()
+				if _, ok := supported[devices[i].Library]; !ok {
+					supported[devices[i].Library] = make(map[string]map[string]int)
+				}
+				if _, ok := supported[devices[i].Library][libDir]; !ok {
+					supported[devices[i].Library][libDir] = make(map[string]int)
+				}
+				supported[devices[i].Library][libDir][devices[i].ID] = i
+				supportedMu.Unlock()
 				continue
 			}
-			libDir := devices[i].LibraryPath[len(devices[i].LibraryPath)-1]
-			slog.Debug("verifying device is supported", "library", libDir, "description", devices[i].Description, "compute", devices[i].Compute(), "id", devices[i].ID, "pci_id", devices[i].PCIID)
+			slog.Debug("verifying if device is supported", "library", libDir, "description", devices[i].Description, "compute", devices[i].Compute(), "id", devices[i].ID, "pci_id", devices[i].PCIID)
 			wg.Add(1)
 			go func(i int) {
 				defer wg.Done()
@@ -449,3 +467,37 @@ func bootstrapDevices(ctx context.Context, ollamaLibDirs []string, extraEnvs map
 
 	return devices
 }
+
+func overrideWarnings() {
+	anyFound := false
+	m := envconfig.AsMap()
+	for _, k := range []string{
+		"CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES",
+		"HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES",
+		"ROCR_VISIBLE_DEVICES",
+		"GGML_VK_VISIBLE_DEVICES",
+		"GPU_DEVICE_ORDINAL",
+		"HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION",
+	} {
+		if e, found := m[k]; found && e.Value != "" {
+			anyFound = true
+			slog.Warn("user overrode visible devices", k, e.Value)
+		}
+	}
+	if anyFound {
+		slog.Warn("if GPUs are not correctly discovered, unset and try again")
+	}
+}
+
+func detectIncompatibleLibraries() {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		return
+	}
+	basePath, err := exec.LookPath("ggml-base.dll")
+	if err != nil || basePath == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(basePath, ml.LibOllamaPath) {
+		slog.Warn("potentially incompatible library detected in PATH", "location", basePath)
+	}
+}

docs/cloud.mdx

@@ -9,15 +9,9 @@ sidebarTitle: Cloud
 
 Ollama's cloud models are a new kind of model in Ollama that can run without a powerful GPU. Instead, cloud models are automatically offloaded to Ollama's cloud service while offering the same capabilities as local models, making it possible to keep using your local tools while running larger models that wouldn't fit on a personal computer.
 
-Ollama currently supports the following cloud models, with more coming soon:
+### Supported models
 
-- `deepseek-v3.1:671b-cloud`
-- `gpt-oss:20b-cloud`
-- `gpt-oss:120b-cloud`
-- `kimi-k2:1t-cloud`
-- `qwen3-coder:480b-cloud`
-- `glm-4.6:cloud`
-- `minimax-m2:cloud`
+For a list of supported models, see Ollama's [model library](https://ollama.com/search?c=cloud).
 
 ### Running Cloud models
 

docs/faq.mdx

@@ -57,8 +57,13 @@ ollama ps
 ```
 
 <Info>
-  **Output**: ``` NAME ID SIZE PROCESSOR UNTIL llama3:70b bcfb190ca3a7 42 GB
-  100% GPU 4 minutes from now ```
+
+**Output**:
+
+```
+NAME        ID            SIZE    PROCESSOR   UNTIL
+llama3:70b  bcfb190ca3a7  42 GB   100% GPU    4 minutes from now
+```
 </Info>
 
 The `Processor` column will show which memory the model was loaded in to:
@@ -385,4 +390,4 @@ Ollama for Windows and macOS register as a login item during installation.  You
 - In `Task Manager` go to the `Startup apps` tab, search for `ollama` then click `Disable`
 
 **MacOS**
-- Open `Settings` and search for "Login Items", find the `Ollama` entry under "Allow in the Background`, then click the slider to disable.
+- Open `Settings` and search for "Login Items", find the `Ollama` entry under "Allow in the Background`, then click the slider to disable.

docs/integrations/vscode.mdx

@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
 ---
-title: VS Code 
+title: VS Code
 ---
 
 ## Install
 
-Install [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/download). 
+Install [VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/download).
 
-## Usage with Ollama 
+## Usage with Ollama
 
 1. Open Copilot side bar found in top right window
-<div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center' }}>
-  <img 
-    src="/images/vscode-sidebar.png" 
-    alt="VS Code chat Sidebar"
-    width="75%"
-  />
-</div>
-2. Select the model drowpdown > **Manage models**
-<div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center' }}>
-  <img 
-    src="/images/vscode-models.png" 
-    alt="VS Code model picker"
-    width="75%"
-  />
-</div>
+   <div style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "center" }}>
+     <img
+       src="/images/vscode-sidebar.png"
+       alt="VS Code chat Sidebar"
+       width="75%"
+     />
+   </div>
+2. Select the model dropdown > **Manage models**
+   <div style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "center" }}>
+     <img
+       src="/images/vscode-models.png"
+       alt="VS Code model picker"
+       width="75%"
+     />
+   </div>
 3. Enter **Ollama** under **Provider Dropdown** and select desired models (e.g `qwen3, qwen3-coder:480b-cloud`)
-<div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center' }}>
-  <img 
-    src="/images/vscode-model-options.png" 
-    alt="VS Code model options dropdown"
-    width="75%"
-  />
-</div>
+   <div style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "center" }}>
+     <img
+       src="/images/vscode-model-options.png"
+       alt="VS Code model options dropdown"
+       width="75%"
+     />
+   </div>

docs/modelfile.mdx

@@ -149,9 +149,6 @@ PARAMETER <parameter> <parametervalue>
 
 | Parameter      | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | Value Type | Example Usage        |
 | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | -------------------- |
-| mirostat       | Enable Mirostat sampling for controlling perplexity. (default: 0, 0 = disabled, 1 = Mirostat, 2 = Mirostat 2.0)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | int        | mirostat 0           |
-| mirostat_eta   | Influences how quickly the algorithm responds to feedback from the generated text. A lower learning rate will result in slower adjustments, while a higher learning rate will make the algorithm more responsive. (Default: 0.1)                                                                                                                                                | float      | mirostat_eta 0.1     |
-| mirostat_tau   | Controls the balance between coherence and diversity of the output. A lower value will result in more focused and coherent text. (Default: 5.0)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | float      | mirostat_tau 5.0     |
 | num_ctx        | Sets the size of the context window used to generate the next token. (Default: 2048)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | int        | num_ctx 4096         |
 | repeat_last_n  | Sets how far back for the model to look back to prevent repetition. (Default: 64, 0 = disabled, -1 = num_ctx)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   | int        | repeat_last_n 64     |
 | repeat_penalty | Sets how strongly to penalize repetitions. A higher value (e.g., 1.5) will penalize repetitions more strongly, while a lower value (e.g., 0.9) will be more lenient. (Default: 1.1)                                                                                                                                                                                             | float      | repeat_penalty 1.1   |

docs/openapi.yaml

@@ -111,6 +111,12 @@ components:
           description: Model keep-alive duration (for example `5m` or `0` to unload immediately)
         options:
           $ref: "#/components/schemas/ModelOptions"
+        logprobs:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether to return log probabilities of the output tokens
+        top_logprobs:
+          type: integer
+          description: Number of most likely tokens to return at each token position when logprobs are enabled
     GenerateResponse:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -150,6 +156,11 @@ components:
         eval_duration:
           type: integer
           description: Time spent generating tokens in nanoseconds
+        logprobs:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/Logprob"
+          description: Log probability information for the generated tokens when logprobs are enabled
     GenerateStreamEvent:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -287,6 +298,12 @@ components:
             - type: string
             - type: number
           description: Model keep-alive duration (for example `5m` or `0` to unload immediately)
+        logprobs:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether to return log probabilities of the output tokens
+        top_logprobs:
+          type: integer
+          description: Number of most likely tokens to return at each token position when logprobs are enabled
     ChatResponse:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -344,6 +361,11 @@ components:
         eval_duration:
           type: integer
           description: Time spent generating tokens in nanoseconds
+        logprobs:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/Logprob"
+          description: Log probability information for the generated tokens when logprobs are enabled
     ChatStreamEvent:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -706,6 +728,41 @@ components:
         version:
           type: string
           description: Version of Ollama
+    TokenLogprob:
+      type: object
+      description: Log probability information for a single token alternative
+      properties:
+        token:
+          type: string
+          description: The text representation of the token
+        logprob:
+          type: number
+          description: The log probability of this token
+        bytes:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: integer
+          description: The raw byte representation of the token
+    Logprob:
+      type: object
+      description: Log probability information for a generated token
+      properties:
+        token:
+          type: string
+          description: The text representation of the token
+        logprob:
+          type: number
+          description: The log probability of this token
+        bytes:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: integer
+          description: The raw byte representation of the token
+        top_logprobs:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/TokenLogprob"
+          description: Most likely tokens and their log probabilities at this position
     ErrorResponse:
       type: object
       properties:

fs/ggml/ggml.go

@@ -249,6 +249,9 @@ func (kv KV) OllamaEngineRequired() bool {
 		"qwen25vl",
 		"qwen3", "qwen3moe",
 		"qwen3vl", "qwen3vlmoe",
+		"deepseekocr",
+		"deepseek2",
+		"nomic-bert",
 	}, kv.Architecture())
 }
 

fs/ggml/gguf.go

@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ func readGGUFV1StringsData(llm *gguf, r io.Reader, a *array[string]) (any, error
 
 			a.values[i] = e
 		} else {
-			discardGGUFString(llm, r)
+			_ = discardGGUFString(llm, r)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -568,7 +568,6 @@ func WriteGGUF(f *os.File, kv KV, ts []*Tensor) error {
 	g.SetLimit(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
 	// TODO consider reducing if tensors size * gomaxprocs is larger than free memory
 	for _, t := range ts {
-		t := t
 		w := io.NewOffsetWriter(f, offset+int64(t.Offset))
 		g.Go(func() error {
 			_, err := t.WriteTo(w)

go.mod

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0
-
 )
 
 require (

harmony/harmonyparser.go

@@ -388,9 +388,9 @@ func NewFunctionNameMap() *FunctionNameMap {
 	}
 }
 
-// Init initializes the handler with tools and optional last message
+// Init initializes the handler with tools, optional last message, and think value
 // Implements the Parser interface
-func (h *HarmonyMessageHandler) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message) []api.Tool {
+func (h *HarmonyMessageHandler) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) []api.Tool {
 	// Initialize the harmony parser
 	if h.HarmonyParser == nil {
 		h.HarmonyParser = &HarmonyParser{

integration/README.md

@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@ The integration tests have 2 modes of operating.
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 > Before running the tests locally without the "test existing" setting, compile ollama from the top of the source tree  `go build .` in addition to GPU support with cmake if applicable on your platform.  The integration tests expect to find an ollama binary at the top of the tree.
 
+
+Many tests use a default small model suitable to run on many systems.  You can override this default model by setting `OLLAMA_TEST_DEFAULT_MODEL`

integration/tools_test.go

@@ -3,353 +3,130 @@
 package integration
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/openai"
 )
 
-var libraryToolsModels = []string{
-	"qwen3-vl",
-	"gpt-oss:20b",
-	"gpt-oss:120b",
-	"qwen3",
-	"llama3.1",
-	"llama3.2",
-	"mistral",
-	"qwen2.5",
-	"qwen2",
-	"mistral-nemo",
-	"mistral-small",
-	"mixtral:8x22b",
-	"qwq",
-	"granite3.3",
-}
-
-func float64Ptr(v float64) *float64 {
-	return &v
-}
-
-func sendOpenAIChatRequest(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, req openai.ChatCompletionRequest) (*openai.ChatCompletion, error) {
-	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", endpoint+"/v1/chat/completions", bytes.NewBuffer(jsonData))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: 10 * time.Minute,
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.Do(httpReq)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send request: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API error: status=%d, body=%s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-	}
-
-	var chatResp openai.ChatCompletion
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &chatResp); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal response: %w, body: %s", err, string(body))
-	}
-
-	return &chatResp, nil
-}
-
-func sendOpenAIChatStreamRequest(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, req openai.ChatCompletionRequest, fn func(openai.ChatCompletionChunk) error) error {
-	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", endpoint+"/v1/chat/completions", bytes.NewBuffer(jsonData))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
-
-	client := &http.Client{
-		Timeout: 0, // No timeout for streaming
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.Do(httpReq)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to send request: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return fmt.Errorf("API error: status=%d, body=%s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-	}
-
-	decoder := resp.Body
-	reader := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
-	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		default:
-			n, err := decoder.Read(buf)
-			if n > 0 {
-				reader.Write(buf[:n])
-
-				// Process complete lines
-				for {
-					line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
-					if err != nil {
-						// Not a complete line yet
-						reader.WriteString(line)
-						break
-					}
-
-					line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
-					if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
-						data := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
-
-						if data == "[DONE]" {
-							return nil
-						}
-
-						var streamResp openai.ChatCompletionChunk
-						if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &streamResp); err != nil {
-							return fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal stream response: %w", err)
-						}
-
-						if err := fn(streamResp); err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			if err != nil {
-				if err != io.EOF {
-					return fmt.Errorf("error reading stream: %w", err)
-				}
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// TestToolCallingAllAPIs tests both Ollama and OpenAI APIs with shared model loading
-func TestToolCallingAllAPIs(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAPIToolCalling(t *testing.T) {
 	initialTimeout := 60 * time.Second
 	streamTimeout := 60 * time.Second
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	client, endpoint, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
+	client, _, cleanup := InitServerConnection(ctx, t)
 	defer cleanup()
 
+	minVRAM := map[string]uint64{
+		"qwen3-vl":      16,
+		"gpt-oss:20b":   16,
+		"gpt-oss:120b":  70,
+		"qwen3":         6,
+		"llama3.1":      8,
+		"llama3.2":      4,
+		"mistral":       6,
+		"qwen2.5":       6,
+		"qwen2":         6,
+		"mistral-nemo":  9,
+		"mistral-small": 16,
+		"mixtral:8x22b": 80,
+		"qwq":           20,
+		"granite3.3":    7,
+	}
+
 	for _, model := range libraryToolsModels {
 		t.Run(model, func(t *testing.T) {
-			// Skip if insufficient VRAM
 			if v, ok := minVRAM[model]; ok {
 				skipUnderMinVRAM(t, v)
 			}
 
-			// Pull model if missing - only do this once per model
 			if err := PullIfMissing(ctx, client, model); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("pull failed %s", err)
 			}
 
-			t.Run("OllamaAPI", func(t *testing.T) {
-				tools := []api.Tool{
-					{
-						Type: "function",
-						Function: api.ToolFunction{
-							Name:        "get_weather",
-							Description: "Get the current weather in a given location",
-							Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
-								Type:     "object",
-								Required: []string{"location"},
-								Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
-									"location": {
-										Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
-										Description: "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA",
-									},
+			tools := []api.Tool{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: api.ToolFunction{
+						Name:        "get_weather",
+						Description: "Get the current weather in a given location",
+						Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+							Type:     "object",
+							Required: []string{"location"},
+							Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
+								"location": {
+									Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+									Description: "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA",
 								},
 							},
 						},
 					},
-				}
+				},
+			}
 
-				req := api.ChatRequest{
-					Model: model,
-					Messages: []api.Message{
-						{
-							Role:    "user",
-							Content: "Call get_weather with location set to San Francisco.",
-						},
-					},
-					Tools: tools,
-					Options: map[string]any{
-						"temperature": 0,
-					},
-				}
-
-				stallTimer := time.NewTimer(initialTimeout)
-				var gotToolCall bool
-				var lastToolCall api.ToolCall
-
-				fn := func(response api.ChatResponse) error {
-					if len(response.Message.ToolCalls) > 0 {
-						gotToolCall = true
-						lastToolCall = response.Message.ToolCalls[len(response.Message.ToolCalls)-1]
-					}
-					if !stallTimer.Reset(streamTimeout) {
-						return fmt.Errorf("stall was detected while streaming response, aborting")
-					}
-					return nil
-				}
-
-				stream := true
-				req.Stream = &stream
-				done := make(chan int)
-				var genErr error
-				go func() {
-					genErr = client.Chat(ctx, &req, fn)
-					done <- 0
-				}()
-
-				select {
-				case <-stallTimer.C:
-					t.Errorf("tool-calling chat never started. Timed out after: %s", initialTimeout.String())
-				case <-done:
-					if genErr != nil {
-						t.Fatalf("chat failed: %v", genErr)
-					}
-
-					if !gotToolCall {
-						t.Fatalf("expected at least one tool call, got none")
-					}
-
-					if lastToolCall.Function.Name != "get_weather" {
-						t.Errorf("unexpected tool called: got %q want %q", lastToolCall.Function.Name, "get_weather")
-					}
-
-					if _, ok := lastToolCall.Function.Arguments["location"]; !ok {
-						t.Errorf("expected tool arguments to include 'location', got: %s", lastToolCall.Function.Arguments.String())
-					}
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					t.Error("outer test context done while waiting for tool-calling chat")
-				}
-			})
-
-			t.Run("OpenAIAPI", func(t *testing.T) {
-				tools := []api.Tool{
+			req := api.ChatRequest{
+				Model: model,
+				Messages: []api.Message{
 					{
-						Type: "function",
-						Function: api.ToolFunction{
-							Name:        "get_weather",
-							Description: "Get the current weather in a given location",
-							Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
-								Type:     "object",
-								Required: []string{"location"},
-								Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
-									"location": {
-										Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
-										Description: "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA",
-									},
-								},
-							},
-						},
+						Role:    "user",
+						Content: "Call get_weather with location set to San Francisco.",
 					},
+				},
+				Tools: tools,
+				Options: map[string]any{
+					"temperature": 0,
+				},
+			}
+
+			stallTimer := time.NewTimer(initialTimeout)
+			var gotToolCall bool
+			var lastToolCall api.ToolCall
+
+			fn := func(response api.ChatResponse) error {
+				if len(response.Message.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+					gotToolCall = true
+					lastToolCall = response.Message.ToolCalls[len(response.Message.ToolCalls)-1]
+				}
+				if !stallTimer.Reset(streamTimeout) {
+					return fmt.Errorf("stall was detected while streaming response, aborting")
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			stream := true
+			req.Stream = &stream
+			done := make(chan int)
+			var genErr error
+			go func() {
+				genErr = client.Chat(ctx, &req, fn)
+				done <- 0
+			}()
+
+			select {
+			case <-stallTimer.C:
+				t.Errorf("tool-calling chat never started. Timed out after: %s", initialTimeout.String())
+			case <-done:
+				if genErr != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("chat failed: %v", genErr)
 				}
 
-				req := openai.ChatCompletionRequest{
-					Model: model,
-					Messages: []openai.Message{
-						{
-							Role:    "user",
-							Content: "Call get_weather with location set to San Francisco.",
-						},
-					},
-					Tools:       tools,
-					Stream:      true,
-					Temperature: float64Ptr(0),
+				if !gotToolCall {
+					t.Fatalf("expected at least one tool call, got none")
 				}
 
-				stallTimer := time.NewTimer(initialTimeout)
-				var gotToolCall bool
-				var lastToolCall openai.ToolCall
-
-				fn := func(response openai.ChatCompletionChunk) error {
-					if len(response.Choices) > 0 && len(response.Choices[0].Delta.ToolCalls) > 0 {
-						gotToolCall = true
-						toolCalls := response.Choices[0].Delta.ToolCalls
-						lastToolCall = toolCalls[len(toolCalls)-1]
-					}
-					if !stallTimer.Reset(streamTimeout) {
-						return fmt.Errorf("stall was detected while streaming response, aborting")
-					}
-					return nil
+				if lastToolCall.Function.Name != "get_weather" {
+					t.Errorf("unexpected tool called: got %q want %q", lastToolCall.Function.Name, "get_weather")
 				}
 
-				done := make(chan int)
-				var genErr error
-				go func() {
-					genErr = sendOpenAIChatStreamRequest(ctx, "http://"+endpoint, req, fn)
-					done <- 0
-				}()
-
-				select {
-				case <-stallTimer.C:
-					t.Errorf("tool-calling chat never started. Timed out after: %s", initialTimeout.String())
-				case <-done:
-					if genErr != nil {
-						t.Fatalf("chat failed: %v", genErr)
-					}
-
-					if !gotToolCall {
-						t.Fatalf("expected at least one tool call, got none")
-					}
-
-					if lastToolCall.Function.Name != "get_weather" {
-						t.Errorf("unexpected tool called: got %q want %q", lastToolCall.Function.Name, "get_weather")
-					}
-
-					if !strings.Contains(lastToolCall.Function.Arguments, "location") {
-						t.Errorf("expected tool arguments to include 'location', got: %s", lastToolCall.Function.Arguments)
-					}
-
-					if !strings.Contains(lastToolCall.Function.Arguments, "San Francisco") {
-						t.Errorf("expected tool arguments to include 'San Francisco', got: %s", lastToolCall.Function.Arguments)
-					}
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					t.Error("outer test context done while waiting for tool-calling chat")
+				if _, ok := lastToolCall.Function.Arguments["location"]; !ok {
+					t.Errorf("expected tool arguments to include 'location', got: %s", lastToolCall.Function.Arguments.String())
 				}
-			})
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				t.Error("outer test context done while waiting for tool-calling chat")
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }

integration/utils_test.go

@@ -260,6 +260,22 @@ var (
 		"snowflake-arctic-embed",
 		"snowflake-arctic-embed2",
 	}
+	libraryToolsModels = []string{
+		"qwen3-vl",
+		"gpt-oss:20b",
+		"gpt-oss:120b",
+		"qwen3",
+		"llama3.1",
+		"llama3.2",
+		"mistral",
+		"qwen2.5",
+		"qwen2",
+		"mistral-nemo",
+		"mistral-small",
+		"mixtral:8x22b",
+		"qwq",
+		"granite3.3",
+	}
 
 	blueSkyPrompt   = "why is the sky blue? Be brief but factual in your reply"
 	blueSkyExpected = []string{"rayleigh", "scatter", "atmosphere", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "wavelength", "interact"}
@@ -731,23 +747,6 @@ func skipUnderMinVRAM(t *testing.T, gb uint64) {
 	}
 }
 
-var minVRAM = map[string]uint64{
-	"qwen3-vl":      16,
-	"gpt-oss:20b":   16,
-	"gpt-oss:120b":  70,
-	"qwen3":         6,
-	"llama3.1":      8,
-	"llama3.2":      4,
-	"mistral":       6,
-	"qwen2.5":       6,
-	"qwen2":         6,
-	"mistral-nemo":  9,
-	"mistral-small": 16,
-	"mixtral:8x22b": 80,
-	"qwq":           20,
-	"granite3.3":    7,
-}
-
 // Skip if the target model isn't X% GPU loaded to avoid excessive runtime
 func skipIfNotGPULoaded(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, client *api.Client, model string, minPercent int) {
 	gpuPercent := getGPUPercent(ctx, t, client, model)

kvcache/causal.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package kvcache
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"slices"
 
@@ -40,18 +39,18 @@ type Causal struct {
 
 	// ** current forward pass **
 
-	// the active layer for Get and Put
-	curLayer int
-
-	// starting location for data storage for this batch
-	curLoc int
-
 	// size of the current batch
 	curBatchSize int
 
+	// locations for data storage for this batch
+	curLoc ml.Tensor
+
 	// mask of the cache as used by this batch
 	curMask ml.Tensor
 
+	// the active layer for Get and Put
+	curLayer int
+
 	// locations in the cache that are needed for this batch
 	curCellRange cellRange
 
@@ -206,45 +205,47 @@ func (c *Causal) StartForward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch, reserve bool) e
 	c.curPositions = batch.Positions
 	c.opts.Except = nil
 
+	var locs []int32
 	if !reserve {
 		c.updateSlidingWindow()
 
 		var err error
-		c.curLoc, err = c.findStartLoc()
-		if errors.Is(err, ErrKvCacheFull) {
-			c.defrag()
-			c.curLoc, err = c.findStartLoc()
-		}
+		locs, err = c.findLocs()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
 		for i, pos := range batch.Positions {
 			seq := batch.Sequences[i]
+			loc := int(locs[i])
 
-			c.cells[c.curLoc+i] = cacheCell{pos: pos, sequences: []int{seq}}
+			c.cells[loc] = cacheCell{pos: pos, sequences: []int{seq}}
 
 			seqRange, ok := c.cellRanges[seq]
 			if !ok {
 				seqRange = newRange()
 			}
 
-			seqRange.min = min(seqRange.min, c.curLoc+i)
-			c.curCellRange.min = min(c.curCellRange.min, c.curLoc+i)
+			seqRange.min = min(seqRange.min, loc)
+			c.curCellRange.min = min(c.curCellRange.min, loc)
 
-			seqRange.max = max(seqRange.max, c.curLoc+i)
-			c.curCellRange.max = max(c.curCellRange.max, c.curLoc+i)
+			seqRange.max = max(seqRange.max, loc)
+			c.curCellRange.max = max(c.curCellRange.max, loc)
 
 			c.cellRanges[seq] = seqRange
 		}
 	} else {
 		// If we are reserving memory, don't update any of the cache metadata but set the size
 		// to the worst case.
-		c.curLoc = 0
+		locs = make([]int32, c.curBatchSize)
+		for i := range locs {
+			locs[i] = int32(i)
+		}
 		c.curCellRange.min = 0
 		c.curCellRange.max = len(c.cells) - 1
 	}
 
+	c.curLoc = ctx.Input().FromInts(locs, len(locs))
 	c.curMask = c.buildMask(ctx)
 
 	return nil
@@ -257,22 +258,20 @@ func newRange() cellRange {
 	}
 }
 
-// Find the first contiguous block of at least curBatchSize
-func (c *Causal) findStartLoc() (int, error) {
-	var start, count int
+// Returns a slice of locations where each token in the batch should be stored
+func (c *Causal) findLocs() ([]int32, error) {
+	loc := make([]int32, 0, c.curBatchSize)
+
 	for i := range c.cells {
 		if len(c.cells[i].sequences) == 0 {
-			count++
-			if count >= c.curBatchSize {
-				return start, nil
+			loc = append(loc, int32(i))
+			if len(loc) >= c.curBatchSize {
+				return loc, nil
 			}
-		} else {
-			start = i + 1
-			count = 0
 		}
 	}
 
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w (cache: %v batch: %v)", ErrKvCacheFull, len(c.cells), c.curBatchSize)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w (cache: %v batch: %v)", ErrKvCacheFull, len(c.cells), c.curBatchSize)
 }
 
 func (c *Causal) updateSlidingWindow() {
@@ -402,145 +401,6 @@ func (c *Causal) buildMask(ctx ml.Context) ml.Tensor {
 	return maskTensor
 }
 
-func (c *Causal) moveCells(ctx ml.Context, src, dst, length int) {
-	for i, key := range c.keys {
-		if key == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		kHeadDim := key.Dim(0)
-		numKVHeads := key.Dim(1)
-		rowSize := key.Stride(2)
-
-		kSrcView := key.View(ctx, rowSize*src, kHeadDim*numKVHeads*length)
-		kDstView := key.View(ctx, rowSize*dst, kHeadDim*numKVHeads*length)
-
-		value := c.values[i]
-		var vSrcView, vDstView ml.Tensor
-		if c.config.PermutedV {
-			vHeadDim := value.Dim(1)
-			elemSize := value.Stride(0)
-
-			vSrcView = value.View(ctx, elemSize*src, length, len(c.cells)*elemSize, vHeadDim*numKVHeads)
-			vDstView = value.View(ctx, elemSize*dst, length, len(c.cells)*elemSize, vHeadDim*numKVHeads)
-		} else {
-			vHeadDim := value.Dim(0)
-			rowSize := value.Stride(2)
-
-			vSrcView = value.View(ctx, rowSize*src, vHeadDim*numKVHeads*length)
-			vDstView = value.View(ctx, rowSize*dst, vHeadDim*numKVHeads*length)
-		}
-
-		ctx.Forward(
-			kSrcView.Copy(ctx, kDstView),
-			vSrcView.Copy(ctx, vDstView),
-		)
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *Causal) defrag() {
-	slog.Debug("defragmenting kv cache")
-
-	// Defrag strategy:
-	// - Search for empty holes at the beginning of the cache,
-	//   filling them with active data starting at the end
-	// - If there are contiguous elements that need to be moved,
-	//   combine them into a single operation by holding new moves
-	//   until we see that the next one is non-contiguous
-	// - Fill up the context with the maximum number of operations it
-	//   can hold then compute that and continue with a new context
-	//
-	// We could try to optimize placement by grouping blocks from
-	// the same sequences together but most likely the next forward
-	// pass will disrupt this anyways, so the real world benefit
-	// seems limited as this time.
-
-	ctx := c.backend.NewContext()
-
-	// For every move, 6 tensors are required per layer (2 views and a
-	// copy for each of k and v). We also need to refer to the original
-	// k and v cache tensors - once per layer, not per move.
-	layers := 0
-	for _, key := range c.keys {
-		if key == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		layers++
-	}
-
-	maxMoves := (ctx.MaxGraphNodes() - 2*layers) / (6 * layers)
-	moves := 0
-
-	var pendingSrc, pendingDst, pendingLen int
-	src := len(c.cells) - 1
-
-	for dst := 0; dst < src; dst++ {
-		if len(c.cells[dst].sequences) == 0 {
-			for ; src > dst; src-- {
-				if len(c.cells[src].sequences) != 0 {
-					c.cells[dst] = c.cells[src]
-					c.cells[src] = cacheCell{}
-
-					if pendingLen > 0 {
-						if src == pendingSrc-pendingLen && dst == pendingDst+pendingLen {
-							pendingSrc = src
-							pendingLen++
-							break
-						} else {
-							c.moveCells(ctx, pendingSrc, pendingDst, pendingLen)
-							moves++
-						}
-					}
-
-					pendingSrc = src
-					pendingDst = dst
-					pendingLen = 1
-
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if moves >= maxMoves {
-			ctx.Compute()
-			ctx.Close()
-			ctx = c.backend.NewContext()
-
-			moves = 0
-		}
-	}
-
-	if pendingLen > 0 {
-		c.moveCells(ctx, pendingSrc, pendingDst, pendingLen)
-		moves++
-	}
-
-	if moves > 0 {
-		ctx.Compute()
-	}
-	ctx.Close()
-
-	// Reset range metadata
-	for seq := range c.cellRanges {
-		seqRange := newRange()
-
-		for i, cell := range c.cells {
-			if slices.Contains(cell.sequences, seq) {
-				if i < seqRange.min {
-					seqRange.min = i
-				}
-				if i > seqRange.max {
-					seqRange.max = i
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		c.cellRanges[seq] = seqRange
-	}
-
-	c.updateSlidingWindow()
-}
-
 func (c *Causal) SetLayer(layer int) {
 	c.curLayer = layer
 }
@@ -625,18 +485,25 @@ func (c *Causal) Put(ctx ml.Context, key, value ml.Tensor) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	rowSize := c.keys[c.curLayer].Stride(2)
-	ctx.Forward(key.Copy(ctx, c.keys[c.curLayer].View(ctx, rowSize*c.curLoc, kHeadDim*numKVHeads*batchSize)))
+	key = key.Reshape(ctx, kHeadDim*numKVHeads, batchSize)
+	keyCache := c.keys[c.curLayer]
+	keyCache = keyCache.Reshape(ctx, kHeadDim*numKVHeads, len(c.cells))
+	ctx.Forward(keyCache.SetRows(ctx, key, c.curLoc))
 
 	if c.config.PermutedV {
-		elemSize := c.values[c.curLayer].Stride(0)
+		value = value.Reshape(ctx, vHeadDim*numKVHeads, 1, batchSize)
+		value = value.Permute(ctx, 2, 0, 1, 3)
 
-		value = value.Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3)
-		ctx.Forward(value.Copy(ctx, c.values[c.curLayer].View(ctx, elemSize*c.curLoc, batchSize, len(c.cells)*elemSize, vHeadDim*numKVHeads)))
+		valueCache := c.values[c.curLayer]
+		valueCache = valueCache.Reshape(ctx, 1, len(c.cells), vHeadDim*numKVHeads)
+
+		ctx.Forward(valueCache.SetRows(ctx, value, c.curLoc))
 	} else {
-		rowSize := c.values[c.curLayer].Stride(2)
+		value = value.Reshape(ctx, vHeadDim*numKVHeads, batchSize)
+		valueCache := c.values[c.curLayer]
+		valueCache = valueCache.Reshape(ctx, vHeadDim*numKVHeads, len(c.cells))
 
-		ctx.Forward(value.Copy(ctx, c.values[c.curLayer].View(ctx, rowSize*c.curLoc, vHeadDim*numKVHeads*batchSize)))
+		ctx.Forward(valueCache.SetRows(ctx, value, c.curLoc))
 	}
 }
 

llama/llama_test.go

@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ func TestIssue7978(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestSchemaToGrammer(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSchemaToGrammar(t *testing.T) {
 	cases := []struct {
 		schema string
-		prefix []byte // nil is check as nil
+		prefix []byte // nil is checked as nil
 	}{
 		{`invalid`, nil},
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func TestSchemaToGrammer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
-		t.Run("x", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Run(c.schema, func(t *testing.T) {
 			g := SchemaToGrammar([]byte(c.schema))
 			if c.prefix == nil && g != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("grammar = %v, want nil", g)

llama/patches/0024-GPU-discovery-enhancements.patch

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ fix vulkan PCI ID and ID handling
  ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h     |   3 +
  ggml/src/ggml-impl.h                 |   8 +
  ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.cpp   |   2 +
- ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp | 209 +++++++++++--
- ggml/src/mem_hip.cpp                 | 452 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- ggml/src/mem_nvml.cpp                | 209 +++++++++++++
- 9 files changed, 926 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
+ ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp | 209 +++++++++--
+ ggml/src/mem_hip.cpp                 | 529 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ ggml/src/mem_nvml.cpp                | 209 +++++++++++
+ 9 files changed, 1003 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
  create mode 100644 ggml/src/mem_hip.cpp
  create mode 100644 ggml/src/mem_nvml.cpp
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ index f9a6587f1..03f359ae9 100644
  
  target_include_directories(ggml-base PRIVATE .)
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
-index c9333689f..41b00af83 100644
+index c9333689f..f1a20e7fe 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
 @@ -261,6 +261,16 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ index c9333689f..41b00af83 100644
 +    if (ggml_hip_mgmt_init() == 0) {
 +        int status = ggml_hip_get_device_memory(ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str(), free, total);
 +        if (status == 0) {
-+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing ADLX memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str(), *free, *total);
++            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing AMD specific memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str(), *free, *total);
 +            ggml_hip_mgmt_release();
 +            return;
 +        }
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ index 05ff6a5a6..032dee76d 100644
          /* .async                 = */ true,
          /* .host_buffer           = */ false,
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index 3a6bbe564..d2c278a35 100644
+index 3a6bbe564..ca02ea079 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ class vk_memory_logger;
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ index 3a6bbe564..d2c278a35 100644
 +            if (ggml_hip_mgmt_init() == 0) {
 +                int status = ggml_hip_get_device_memory(ctx->pci_id != "" ? ctx->pci_id.c_str() : ctx->uuid.c_str(), free, total);
 +                if (status == 0) {
-+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing ADLX memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_id != "" ? ctx->pci_id.c_str() : ctx->uuid.c_str(), *free, *total);
++                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing AMD specific memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_id != "" ? ctx->pci_id.c_str() : ctx->uuid.c_str(), *free, *total);
 +                    ggml_hip_mgmt_release();
 +                    return;
 +                }
@@ -548,11 +548,12 @@ index 3a6bbe564..d2c278a35 100644
          }
 diff --git a/ggml/src/mem_hip.cpp b/ggml/src/mem_hip.cpp
 new file mode 100644
-index 000000000..5a7f5d465
+index 000000000..c1949b899
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/ggml/src/mem_hip.cpp
-@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
 +#include "ggml.h"
++#include "ggml-impl.h"
 +
 +#ifdef _WIN32
 +// AMD Device Library eXtra (ADLX)
@@ -570,7 +571,6 @@ index 000000000..5a7f5d465
 +// Unused function parameters are commented out to avoid unnecessary type
 +// definitions.
 +
-+#include "ggml-impl.h"
 +#include <filesystem>
 +#include <mutex>
 +
@@ -990,15 +990,92 @@ index 000000000..5a7f5d465
 +
 +#else // #ifdef _WIN32
 +
++#include <fstream>
++#include <iostream>
++#include <sstream>
++#include <string>
++#include <vector>
++#include <filesystem>
++
++#include <sys/stat.h>
++#include <dirent.h>
++#include <unistd.h>
++#include <glob.h>
++namespace fs = std::filesystem;
++
 +extern "C" {
 +
-+// TODO Linux implementation of accurate VRAM reporting
 +int ggml_hip_mgmt_init() {
-+    return -1;
++    return 0;
 +}
 +void ggml_hip_mgmt_release() {}
 +int ggml_hip_get_device_memory(const char *id, size_t *free, size_t *total) {
-+    return -1;
++    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s searching for device %s\n", __func__, id);
++    const std::string drmDeviceGlob = "/sys/class/drm/card*/device/uevent";
++    const std::string drmTotalMemoryFile = "mem_info_vram_total";
++    const std::string drmUsedMemoryFile = "mem_info_vram_used";
++    const std::string drmUeventPCISlotLabel = "PCI_SLOT_NAME=";
++
++    glob_t glob_result;
++    glob(drmDeviceGlob.c_str(), GLOB_NOSORT, NULL, &glob_result);
++
++    for (size_t i = 0; i < glob_result.gl_pathc; ++i) {
++        const char* device_file = glob_result.gl_pathv[i];
++        std::ifstream file(device_file);
++        if (!file.is_open()) {
++            std::cerr << "Failed to open sysfs node" << std::endl;
++            globfree(&glob_result);
++            return 1;
++        }
++
++        std::string line;
++        while (std::getline(file, line)) {
++            // Check for PCI_SLOT_NAME label
++            if (line.find(drmUeventPCISlotLabel) == 0) {
++                std::istringstream iss(line.substr(drmUeventPCISlotLabel.size()));
++                std::string pciSlot;
++                iss >> pciSlot;
++                if (pciSlot == std::string(id)) {
++                    std::string dir = fs::path(device_file).parent_path().string();
++
++                    std::string totalFile = dir + "/" + drmTotalMemoryFile;
++                    std::ifstream totalFileStream(totalFile.c_str());
++                    if (!totalFileStream.is_open()) {
++                        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s Failed to read sysfs node %s\n", __func__, totalFile.c_str());
++                        file.close();
++                        globfree(&glob_result);
++                        return 1;
++                    }
++
++                    uint64_t memory;
++                    totalFileStream >> memory;
++                    *total = memory;
++
++                    std::string usedFile = dir + "/" + drmUsedMemoryFile;
++                    std::ifstream usedFileStream(usedFile.c_str());
++                    if (!usedFileStream.is_open()) {
++                        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s Failed to read sysfs node %s\n", __func__, usedFile.c_str());
++                        file.close();
++                        globfree(&glob_result);
++                        return 1;
++                    }
++
++                    uint64_t memoryUsed;
++                    usedFileStream >> memoryUsed;
++                    *free = memory - memoryUsed;
++
++                    file.close();
++                    globfree(&glob_result);
++                    return 0;
++                }
++            }
++        }
++
++        file.close();
++    }
++    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s unable to find matching device\n", __func__);
++    globfree(&glob_result);
++    return 1;
 +}
 +
 +} // extern "C"

llama/patches/0028-Add-memory-detection-using-DXGI-PDH.patch

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ index 44ae76d66..639d551a2 100644
  #ifdef __cplusplus
  }
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index d2c278a35..221e29509 100644
+index ca02ea079..c12b069e5 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ DispatchLoaderDynamic & ggml_vk_default_dispatcher();

llama/patches/0029-vulkan-Call-ggml_vk_buffer_write_2d-from-ggml_vk_buf.patch

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ vidmem optimization.
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index 221e29509..18b7cbccf 100644
+index c12b069e5..76c78c2ea 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -5654,14 +5654,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_buffer_copy(vk_buffer& dst, size_t dst_offset, vk_buffer& sr

llama/patches/0030-Vulkan-MMQ-Integer-Dot-Refactor-and-K-Quant-support-.patch

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Subject: [PATCH] Vulkan MMQ Integer Dot Refactor and K-Quant support (#16536)
  create mode 100644 ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mmq_shmem_types.glsl
 
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index 18b7cbccf..53b57c179 100644
+index 76c78c2ea..7669ed206 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -488,6 +488,7 @@ struct vk_device_struct {

llama/patches/0031-vulkan-Update-topk_moe-fusion-to-handle-gpt-s-late-s.patch

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ index 639d551a2..e5c446d1d 100644
  GGML_API size_t gguf_type_size(enum gguf_type type);
  GGML_API struct gguf_context * gguf_init_from_file_impl(FILE * file, struct gguf_init_params params);
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index 53b57c179..b2855b078 100644
+index 7669ed206..63a762ec2 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -387,12 +387,76 @@ static constexpr uint32_t num_argsort_pipelines = 11;

llama/patches/0032-vulkan-Fuse-rope-set_rows-16769.patch

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Add new backend tests.
  6 files changed, 371 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index b2855b078..aaf4334b5 100644
+index 63a762ec2..db92a7901 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -458,6 +458,11 @@ static topk_moe_mode ggml_vk_num_additional_ops_to_topk_moe_mode(uint32_t num) {

llama/patches/0033-vulkan-Handle-argsort-with-a-large-number-of-rows-16.patch

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Subject: [PATCH] vulkan: Handle argsort with a large number of rows (#16851)
  2 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index aaf4334b5..3604ceb04 100644
+index db92a7901..e959674d1 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -1084,6 +1084,7 @@ struct vk_op_soft_max_push_constants {

llama/patches/0035-vulkan-Fix-crash-when-FP16-mul_mat-accumulation-is-n.patch

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Subject: [PATCH] vulkan: Fix crash when FP16 mul_mat accumulation is not
  1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
-index 3604ceb04..80185d9f0 100644
+index e959674d1..903050b0b 100644
 --- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 +++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
 @@ -146,8 +146,13 @@ static void ggml_vk_destroy_pipeline(vk::Device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline);

llama/patches/0036-ggml-cuda-skip-large-batches.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+From 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Michael Yang <git@mxy.ng>
+Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 11:13:04 -0800
+Subject: [PATCH] ggml-cuda: skip large batches
+
+cuda panics on batches larger than 1024 so mark it as unsupported to
+fallback to cpu
+---
+ ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu | 3 +++
+ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
+
+diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
+index f1a20e7fe..1a71e07c9 100644
+--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
++++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
+@@ -3677,6 +3677,9 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
+                 if (b->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && a->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                     return false;
+                 }
++                if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && b->ne[2] * b->ne[3] > 1024) {
++                    return false;
++                }
+ #ifdef GGML_USE_MUSA
+                 const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[dev_ctx->device].cc;
+                 if (b->ne[2]*b->ne[3] > 1 && !ggml_is_transposed(a) && !ggml_is_transposed(b)) {

llama/patches/0036-win-exit-instead-of-abort.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+From 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Daniel Hiltgen <daniel@ollama.com>
+Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2025 09:58:23 -0800
+Subject: [PATCH] win: exit instead of abort
+
+---
+ ggml/src/ggml.c | 7 ++++++-
+ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
+
+diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml.c b/ggml/src/ggml.c
+index 9be35c1be..923c33d05 100644
+--- a/ggml/src/ggml.c
++++ b/ggml/src/ggml.c
+@@ -229,8 +229,13 @@ void ggml_abort(const char * file, int line, const char * fmt, ...) {
+         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message);
+         ggml_print_backtrace();
+     }
+-
++#if defined(_WIN32)
++    fflush(stderr);
++    fflush(stdout);
++    exit(1);
++#else
+     abort();
++#endif
+ }
+ 
+ // ggml_print_backtrace is registered with std::set_terminate by ggml.cpp

ml/backend.go

@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ type Tensor interface {
 	Cos(ctx Context) Tensor
 	Tanh(ctx Context) Tensor
 	GELU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
+	QuickGELU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
 	SILU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
 	RELU(ctx Context, up ...Tensor) Tensor
 	Sigmoid(ctx Context) Tensor
@@ -193,6 +194,7 @@ type Tensor interface {
 	Repeat(ctx Context, dim, n int) Tensor
 	Concat(ctx Context, t2 Tensor, dim int) Tensor
 	Rows(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
+	SetRows(ctx Context, src Tensor, idxs Tensor) Tensor
 	Copy(ctx Context, t2 Tensor) Tensor
 	Duplicate(ctx Context) Tensor
 
@@ -207,6 +209,8 @@ type Tensor interface {
 	Stddev(ctx Context) Tensor
 	Sqr(ctx Context) Tensor
 	Sqrt(ctx Context) Tensor
+
+	Interpolate(ctx Context, dims [4]int, samplingMode SamplingMode) Tensor
 }
 
 // ScaledDotProductAttention implements a fused attention
@@ -230,7 +234,7 @@ type Tensor interface {
 // kqv := value.Mulmat(ctx, kq)
 // return kqv.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
 type ScaledDotProductAttention interface {
-	ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx Context, key, value, mask, sinks Tensor, scale float64) Tensor
+	ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx Context, key, value, mask, sinks Tensor, vmla Tensor, scale float64) Tensor
 }
 
 type number interface {
@@ -372,3 +376,10 @@ const (
 	DTypeI32
 	DTypeMXFP4
 )
+
+type SamplingMode int
+
+const (
+	SamplingModeNearest SamplingMode = iota
+	SamplingModeBilinear
+)

ml/backend/ggml/ggml.go

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ func New(modelPath string, params ml.BackendParams) (ml.Backend, error) {
 			"altup_proj", "altup_unembd_proj",
 			"per_layer_token_embd", "per_layer_model_proj", "per_layer_proj_norm"):
 			createTensor(tensor{source: t}, output.bts, blocks)
-		case strings.HasPrefix(t.Name, "v.") || strings.HasPrefix(t.Name, "mm."):
+		case strings.HasPrefix(t.Name, "v.") || strings.HasPrefix(t.Name, "mm.") || strings.HasPrefix(t.Name, "s."):
 			// TODO: assign vision tensors to the gpu if possible
 			createTensor(tensor{source: t}, output.bts, blocks)
 		case contains(t.Name, "rope_freqs", "rope_factors_long", "rope_factors_short"):
@@ -499,7 +499,6 @@ func (b *Backend) Load(ctx context.Context, progress func(float32)) error {
 	g, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 	g.SetLimit(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0))
 	for _, t := range b.meta.Tensors().Items() {
-		t := t
 		g.Go(func() error {
 			tts := make([]*C.struct_ggml_tensor, max(1, len(b.tensorLoadTargets[t.Name])))
 			for i := range tts {
@@ -1339,6 +1338,13 @@ func (t *Tensor) Rows(ctx ml.Context, t2 ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
 	}
 }
 
+func (t *Tensor) SetRows(ctx ml.Context, src ml.Tensor, idxs ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	return &Tensor{
+		b: t.b,
+		t: C.ggml_set_rows(ctx.(*Context).ctx, t.t, src.(*Tensor).t, idxs.(*Tensor).t),
+	}
+}
+
 func (t *Tensor) Copy(ctx ml.Context, t2 ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
 	return &Tensor{
 		b: t.b,
@@ -1379,6 +1385,10 @@ func inferShape(t *Tensor, shape []int) {
 }
 
 func (t *Tensor) Reshape(ctx ml.Context, shape ...int) ml.Tensor {
+	if !C.ggml_is_contiguous(t.t) {
+		return t.Contiguous(ctx, shape...)
+	}
+
 	if slices.Contains(shape, -1) {
 		inferShape(t, shape)
 	}
@@ -1568,6 +1578,16 @@ func (t *Tensor) GELU(ctx ml.Context, t2 ...ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
 	}
 }
 
+func (t *Tensor) QuickGELU(ctx ml.Context, t2 ...ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	var tt *C.struct_ggml_tensor
+	if len(t2) > 0 {
+		tt = C.ggml_geglu_quick_split(ctx.(*Context).ctx, t.t, t2[0].(*Tensor).t)
+	} else {
+		tt = C.ggml_gelu_quick_inplace(ctx.(*Context).ctx, t.t)
+	}
+	return &Tensor{b: t.b, t: tt}
+}
+
 func (t *Tensor) SILU(ctx ml.Context, t2 ...ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
 	if len(t2) > 0 {
 		return &Tensor{
@@ -1625,7 +1645,7 @@ func (t *Tensor) AvgPool2D(ctx ml.Context, k, s int, p float32) ml.Tensor {
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *Tensor) ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx ml.Context, key, value, mask, sinks ml.Tensor, scale float64) ml.Tensor {
+func (t *Tensor) ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx ml.Context, key, value, mask, sinks ml.Tensor, vmla ml.Tensor, scale float64) ml.Tensor {
 	var kqMask *C.struct_ggml_tensor
 	if mask != nil {
 		kqMask = mask.(*Tensor).t
@@ -1642,6 +1662,16 @@ func (t *Tensor) ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx ml.Context, key, value, mask, sin
 			C.ggml_flash_attn_ext_add_sinks(kqv, sinks.(*Tensor).t)
 		}
 		C.ggml_flash_attn_ext_set_prec(kqv, C.GGML_PREC_F32)
+
+		if vmla != nil {
+			var cur ml.Tensor = &Tensor{b: t.b, t: kqv}
+			cur = cur.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+			cur = vmla.Mulmat(ctx, cur)
+			cur = cur.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+			cur = cur.Contiguous(ctx)
+			kqv = cur.(*Tensor).t
+		}
+
 		return &Tensor{b: t.b, t: kqv}
 	} else {
 		kq := key.MulmatFullPrec(ctx, query)
@@ -1654,6 +1684,10 @@ func (t *Tensor) ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx ml.Context, key, value, mask, sin
 		}
 
 		kqv := value.Mulmat(ctx, kq)
+		if vmla != nil {
+			kqv = vmla.Mulmat(ctx, kqv)
+		}
+
 		return kqv.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
 	}
 }
@@ -1711,6 +1745,23 @@ func (t *Tensor) Sqrt(ctx ml.Context) ml.Tensor {
 	}
 }
 
+func (t *Tensor) Interpolate(ctx ml.Context, dims [4]int, samplingMode ml.SamplingMode) ml.Tensor {
+	var mode C.uint32_t
+	switch samplingMode {
+	case ml.SamplingModeNearest:
+		mode = C.GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST
+	case ml.SamplingModeBilinear:
+		mode = C.GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR
+	default:
+		panic("unsupported interpolate mode")
+	}
+
+	return &Tensor{
+		b: t.b,
+		t: C.ggml_interpolate(ctx.(*Context).ctx, t.t, C.int64_t(dims[0]), C.int64_t(dims[1]), C.int64_t(dims[2]), C.int64_t(dims[3]), mode),
+	}
+}
+
 // Slice returns a view of the tensor sliced along dim from low to high in step steps.
 // Slice panics if the dimension is invalid or the slice parameters are out of range.
 // If dim=0 and step>1, the tensor is a copy rather than a view to ensure proper shape.

ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

@@ -3513,7 +3513,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t *
     if (ggml_hip_mgmt_init() == 0) {
         int status = ggml_hip_get_device_memory(ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str(), free, total);
         if (status == 0) {
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing ADLX memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str(), *free, *total);
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing AMD specific memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_bus_id.c_str(), *free, *total);
             ggml_hip_mgmt_release();
             return;
         }
@@ -3677,6 +3677,9 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 if (b->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && a->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
                     return false;
                 }
+                if (op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && b->ne[2] * b->ne[3] > 1024) {
+                    return false;
+                }
 #ifdef GGML_USE_MUSA
                 const int cc = ggml_cuda_info().devices[dev_ctx->device].cc;
                 if (b->ne[2]*b->ne[3] > 1 && !ggml_is_transposed(a) && !ggml_is_transposed(b)) {

ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

@@ -13212,7 +13212,7 @@ void ggml_backend_vk_get_device_memory(ggml_backend_vk_device_context *ctx, size
             if (ggml_hip_mgmt_init() == 0) {
                 int status = ggml_hip_get_device_memory(ctx->pci_id != "" ? ctx->pci_id.c_str() : ctx->uuid.c_str(), free, total);
                 if (status == 0) {
-                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing ADLX memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_id != "" ? ctx->pci_id.c_str() : ctx->uuid.c_str(), *free, *total);
+                    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s device %s utilizing AMD specific memory reporting free: %zu total: %zu\n", __func__, ctx->pci_id != "" ? ctx->pci_id.c_str() : ctx->uuid.c_str(), *free, *total);
                     ggml_hip_mgmt_release();
                     return;
                 }

ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml.c

@@ -229,8 +229,13 @@ void ggml_abort(const char * file, int line, const char * fmt, ...) {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message);
         ggml_print_backtrace();
     }
-
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    fflush(stderr);
+    fflush(stdout);
+    exit(1);
+#else
     abort();
+#endif
 }
 
 // ggml_print_backtrace is registered with std::set_terminate by ggml.cpp

ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/mem_hip.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 // AMD Device Library eXtra (ADLX)
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@
 // Unused function parameters are commented out to avoid unnecessary type
 // definitions.
 
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <mutex>
 
@@ -436,15 +436,92 @@ int ggml_hip_get_device_memory(const char *id, size_t *free, size_t *total) {
 
 #else // #ifdef _WIN32
 
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <glob.h>
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
 extern "C" {
 
-// TODO Linux implementation of accurate VRAM reporting
 int ggml_hip_mgmt_init() {
-    return -1;
+    return 0;
 }
 void ggml_hip_mgmt_release() {}
 int ggml_hip_get_device_memory(const char *id, size_t *free, size_t *total) {
-    return -1;
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s searching for device %s\n", __func__, id);
+    const std::string drmDeviceGlob = "/sys/class/drm/card*/device/uevent";
+    const std::string drmTotalMemoryFile = "mem_info_vram_total";
+    const std::string drmUsedMemoryFile = "mem_info_vram_used";
+    const std::string drmUeventPCISlotLabel = "PCI_SLOT_NAME=";
+
+    glob_t glob_result;
+    glob(drmDeviceGlob.c_str(), GLOB_NOSORT, NULL, &glob_result);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < glob_result.gl_pathc; ++i) {
+        const char* device_file = glob_result.gl_pathv[i];
+        std::ifstream file(device_file);
+        if (!file.is_open()) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to open sysfs node" << std::endl;
+            globfree(&glob_result);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        std::string line;
+        while (std::getline(file, line)) {
+            // Check for PCI_SLOT_NAME label
+            if (line.find(drmUeventPCISlotLabel) == 0) {
+                std::istringstream iss(line.substr(drmUeventPCISlotLabel.size()));
+                std::string pciSlot;
+                iss >> pciSlot;
+                if (pciSlot == std::string(id)) {
+                    std::string dir = fs::path(device_file).parent_path().string();
+
+                    std::string totalFile = dir + "/" + drmTotalMemoryFile;
+                    std::ifstream totalFileStream(totalFile.c_str());
+                    if (!totalFileStream.is_open()) {
+                        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s Failed to read sysfs node %s\n", __func__, totalFile.c_str());
+                        file.close();
+                        globfree(&glob_result);
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+
+                    uint64_t memory;
+                    totalFileStream >> memory;
+                    *total = memory;
+
+                    std::string usedFile = dir + "/" + drmUsedMemoryFile;
+                    std::ifstream usedFileStream(usedFile.c_str());
+                    if (!usedFileStream.is_open()) {
+                        GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s Failed to read sysfs node %s\n", __func__, usedFile.c_str());
+                        file.close();
+                        globfree(&glob_result);
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+
+                    uint64_t memoryUsed;
+                    usedFileStream >> memoryUsed;
+                    *free = memory - memoryUsed;
+
+                    file.close();
+                    globfree(&glob_result);
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        file.close();
+    }
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s unable to find matching device\n", __func__);
+    globfree(&glob_result);
+    return 1;
 }
 
 } // extern "C"

ml/nn/attention.go

@@ -22,10 +22,14 @@ import (
 //
 //	Attention output with shape [d_v, heads, seq_len_q]
 func Attention(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value ml.Tensor, scale float64, cache kvcache.Cache) ml.Tensor {
-	return AttentionWithSinks(ctx, query, key, value, nil, scale, cache)
+	return AttentionWithVMLA(ctx, query, key, value, nil, nil, scale, cache)
 }
 
 func AttentionWithSinks(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value, sinks ml.Tensor, scale float64, cache kvcache.Cache) ml.Tensor {
+	return AttentionWithVMLA(ctx, query, key, value, sinks, nil, scale, cache)
+}
+
+func AttentionWithVMLA(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value, sinks ml.Tensor, vmla ml.Tensor, scale float64, cache kvcache.Cache) ml.Tensor {
 	ctx.Forward(query)
 	if key != nil && value != nil {
 		if query.Dim(0) != key.Dim(0) {
@@ -56,7 +60,7 @@ func AttentionWithSinks(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value, sinks ml.Tensor, scal
 	// Only use the fast SDPA implementation if we have a cache, since that's what
 	// will do any expected backend-specific transformations for us
 	if sdpa, ok := query.(ml.ScaledDotProductAttention); ok && cache != nil {
-		return sdpa.ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx, key, value, mask, sinks, scale)
+		return sdpa.ScaledDotProductAttention(ctx, key, value, mask, sinks, vmla, scale)
 	} else {
 		query = query.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
 		key = key.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
@@ -71,6 +75,11 @@ func AttentionWithSinks(ctx ml.Context, query, key, value, sinks ml.Tensor, scal
 		kq = kq.Softmax(ctx)
 
 		kqv := value.Mulmat(ctx, kq)
+
+		if vmla != nil {
+			kqv = vmla.Mulmat(ctx, kqv)
+		}
+
 		return kqv.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
 	}
 }

model/bytepairencoding.go

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ func (bpe BytePairEncoding) Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if addSpecial && len(ids) > 0 {
+	if addSpecial {
 		ids = bpe.vocab.addSpecials(ids)
 	}
 

model/imageproc/images.go

@@ -25,12 +25,15 @@ const (
 
 // Composite returns an image with the alpha channel removed by drawing over a white background.
 func Composite(img image.Image) image.Image {
-	dst := image.NewRGBA(img.Bounds())
-
 	white := color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255}
-	draw.Draw(dst, dst.Bounds(), &image.Uniform{white}, image.Point{}, draw.Src)
-	draw.Draw(dst, dst.Bounds(), img, img.Bounds().Min, draw.Over)
+	return CompositeColor(img, white)
+}
 
+// CompositeColor returns an image with the alpha channel removed by drawing over a white background.
+func CompositeColor(img image.Image, color color.Color) image.Image {
+	dst := image.NewRGBA(img.Bounds())
+	draw.Draw(dst, dst.Bounds(), &image.Uniform{color}, image.Point{}, draw.Src)
+	draw.Draw(dst, dst.Bounds(), img, img.Bounds().Min, draw.Over)
 	return dst
 }
 
@@ -55,6 +58,31 @@ func Resize(img image.Image, newSize image.Point, method int) image.Image {
 	return dst
 }
 
+// Pad returns an image which has been resized to fit within a new size, preserving aspect ratio, and padded with a color.
+func Pad(img image.Image, newSize image.Point, color color.Color, kernel draw.Interpolator) image.Image {
+	dst := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, newSize.X, newSize.Y))
+	draw.Draw(dst, dst.Bounds(), &image.Uniform{color}, image.Point{}, draw.Src)
+
+	var minPoint, maxPoint image.Point
+	if img.Bounds().Dx() > img.Bounds().Dy() {
+		// landscape
+		height := newSize.X * img.Bounds().Dy() / img.Bounds().Dx()
+		minPoint = image.Point{0, (newSize.Y - height) / 2}
+		maxPoint = image.Point{newSize.X, height + minPoint.Y}
+	} else {
+		// portrait
+		width := newSize.Y * img.Bounds().Dx() / img.Bounds().Dy()
+		minPoint = image.Point{(newSize.X - width) / 2, 0}
+		maxPoint = image.Point{minPoint.X + width, newSize.Y}
+	}
+
+	kernel.Scale(dst, image.Rectangle{
+		Min: minPoint,
+		Max: maxPoint,
+	}, img, img.Bounds(), draw.Over, nil)
+	return dst
+}
+
 // Normalize returns a slice of float32 containing each of the r, g, b values for an image normalized around a value.
 func Normalize(img image.Image, mean, std [3]float32, rescale bool, channelFirst bool) []float32 {
 	var pixelVals []float32

model/models/bert/embed.go

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 					)),
 				},
 			},
+			true,
 		)
 	default:
 		return nil, model.ErrUnsupportedTokenizer

model/models/deepseek2/model.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package deepseek2
 // uses deepseek 2 architecture but written based on deepseek 3 model
 
 import (
+	"cmp"
 	"math"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs"
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Options struct {
+	isMLA               bool
 	numExpertsUsed      int
 	numExperts          int
 	normTopKProb        bool
@@ -32,8 +34,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	hiddenSize,
 	numHeads,
 	numKVHeads,
-	keyLength,
-	valueLength,
 	originalContextLength int
 
 	eps,
@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ type Attention struct {
 	KVANorm *nn.RMSNorm `gguf:"attn_kv_a_norm"`
 	KVB     *nn.Linear  `gguf:"attn_kv_b"`
 
+	KB *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_k_b"`
+	VB *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_v_b"`
+
 	Output *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_out,alt:attn_output"`
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ func (attn *Attention) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions ml.Tensor
 	seqLength := hiddenStates.Dim(1)
 
 	var query ml.Tensor
-	if opts.qLoraRank == 0 { // nil {
+	if opts.qLoraRank == 0 {
 		query = attn.Q.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
 	} else {
 		query = attn.QA.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
@@ -88,21 +91,35 @@ func (attn *Attention) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions ml.Tensor
 		compressedKV.Stride(1), compressedKV.Dim(1),
 	)
 
-	kPass = attn.KVANorm.Forward(ctx, kPass, opts.eps)
-	kPass = attn.KVB.Forward(ctx, kPass)
-
-	kv := kPass.Reshape(ctx, kPass.Dim(0)/opts.numKVHeads, opts.numKVHeads, seqLength)
-	kvChunks := kv.ChunkSections(ctx, 0, opts.kqNopeHeadDim, opts.vHeadDim)
-
 	qRot := fast.RoPE(ctx, queryChunks[1], positions, opts.qkRopeHeadDim, opts.ropeBase, 1./opts.ropeScale, opts.RoPEOptions()...)
 	kRot = fast.RoPE(ctx, kRot, positions, opts.qkRopeHeadDim, opts.ropeBase, 1./opts.ropeScale, opts.RoPEOptions()...)
+	kPass = attn.KVANorm.Forward(ctx, kPass, opts.eps)
 
-	kRot = kRot.Repeat(ctx, 1, queryChunks[0].Dim(1))
+	var attention ml.Tensor
 
-	query = qRot.Concat(ctx, queryChunks[0], 0)
-	key := kRot.Concat(ctx, kvChunks[0], 0)
+	if !opts.isMLA { // v3
+		kPass = attn.KVB.Forward(ctx, kPass)
+
+		kv := kPass.Reshape(ctx, kPass.Dim(0)/opts.numKVHeads, opts.numKVHeads, seqLength)
+		kvChunks := kv.ChunkSections(ctx, 0, opts.kqNopeHeadDim, opts.vHeadDim)
+
+		kRot = kRot.Repeat(ctx, 1, queryChunks[0].Dim(1))
+		query = qRot.Concat(ctx, queryChunks[0], 0)
+		key := kRot.Concat(ctx, kvChunks[0], 0)
+		attention = nn.Attention(ctx, query, key, kvChunks[1], opts.kqScale, cache)
+	} else { // v3.1
+		qPass := queryChunks[0].Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+		qPassAbsorb := attn.KB.Forward(ctx, qPass)
+		qPassAbsorb = qPassAbsorb.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+
+		query = qRot.Concat(ctx, qPassAbsorb, 0)
+		kPass = kPass.Reshape(ctx, opts.kvLoraRank, 1, seqLength)
+		key := kRot.Concat(ctx, kPass, 0)
+		value := kPass
+
+		attention = nn.AttentionWithVMLA(ctx, query, key, value, nil, attn.VB.Weight, opts.kqScale, cache)
+	}
 
-	attention := nn.Attention(ctx, query, key, kvChunks[1], opts.kqScale, cache)
 	attention = attention.Reshape(ctx, attention.Dim(0)*attention.Dim(1), seqLength)
 	return attn.Output.Forward(ctx, attention)
 }
@@ -233,6 +250,34 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 	mScale := float32(1.0 + float64(c.Float("rope.scaling.yarn_log_multiplier"))*math.Log(float64(c.Float("rope.scaling.factor"))))
 	kqScale := float64(mScale) * float64(mScale) / math.Sqrt(float64(c.Uint("attention.key_length")))
 
+	isMLA := c.Uint("attention.key_length_mla") != 0 && c.Uint("attention.value_length_mla") != 0
+	keyLength := int(cmp.Or(c.Uint("attention.key_length_mla"), c.Uint("attention.key_length")))
+	valueLength := int(cmp.Or(c.Uint("attention.value_length_mla"), c.Uint("attention.value_length")))
+
+	var pre []string
+	switch c.String("tokenizer.ggml.pre") {
+	case "deepseek-v3":
+		pre = []string{
+			// Split regex into multiple parts (according to DeepSeek3's regex)
+			"\\p{N}{1,3}",
+			`[一-龥぀-ゟ゠-ヿ]+`,
+			"[!\"#$%&'()*+,\\-./:;<=>?@\\[\\\\\\]^_`{|}~][A-Za-z]+|[^\r\n\\p{L}\\p{P}\\p{S}]?[\\p{L}\\p{M}]+| ?[\\p{P}\\p{S}]+[\r\n]*|\\s*[\r\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+		}
+	case "deepseek-llm":
+		// TODO: these models haven't been vetted so skip for now
+		// pre = []string{
+		// 	"[\r\n]",
+		// 	"\\s?[A-Za-zµÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƺƼ-ƿDŽ-ʓʕ-ʯͰ-ͳͶͷͻ-ͽͿΆΈ-ΊΌΎ-ΡΣ-ϵϷ-ҁҊ-ԯԱ-ՖႠ-ჅᎠ-Ᏽᏸ-ᏽᲐ-ᲺᲽ-Ჿᴀ-ᴫᵫ-ᵷᵹ-ᶚḀ-ἕἘ-Ἕἠ-ὅὈ-Ὅὐ-ὗὙὛὝὟ-ώᾀ-ᾴᾶ-ᾼιῂ-ῄῆ-ῌῐ-ΐῖ-Ίῠ-Ῥῲ-ῴῶ-ῼℂℇℊ-ℓℕℙ-ℝℤΩℨK-ℭℯ-ℴℹℼ-ℿⅅ-ⅉⅎↃↄⰀ-ⱻⱾ-ⳤⳫ-ⳮⳲⳳꙀ-ꙭꚀ-ꚛꜢ-ꝯꝱ-ꞇꞋ-ꞎꭰ-ꮿff-stﬓ-ﬗＡ-Ｚａ-ｚ𐐀-𐑏𐒰-𐓓𐓘-𐓻𐲀-𐲲𐳀-𐳲𑢠-𑣟𞤀-𞥃]+",
+		// 	"\\s?[!-/:-~！-／：-～‘-‟　-。]+",
+		// 	"\\s+$",
+		// 	"[一-龥ࠀ-一가-퟿]+",
+		// 	"[0-9]",
+		// }
+		fallthrough
+	default:
+		return nil, model.ErrUnsupportedTokenizer
+	}
+
 	m := Model{
 		BytePairEncoding: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
 			&model.Vocabulary{
@@ -247,18 +292,14 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 					c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_ids")...,
 				),
 			},
-			// Split regex into multiple parts (according to DeepSeek3's regex)
-			"\\p{N}{1,3}",
-			`[一-龥぀-ゟ゠-ヿ]+`,
-			"[!\"#$%&'()*+,\\-./:;<=>?@\\[\\\\\\]^_`{|}~][A-Za-z]+|[^\r\n\\p{L}\\p{P}\\p{S}]?[\\p{L}\\p{M}]+| ?[\\p{P}\\p{S}]+[\r\n]*|\\s*[\r\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+			pre...,
 		),
 		Layers: layers,
 		Options: &Options{
+			isMLA:          isMLA,
 			hiddenSize:     int(c.Uint("embedding_length")),
 			numHeads:       int(c.Uint("attention.head_count")),
 			numKVHeads:     int(c.Uint("attention.head_count_kv")),
-			keyLength:      int(c.Uint("attention.key_length")),
-			valueLength:    int(c.Uint("attention.value_length")),
 			eps:            c.Float("attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon"),
 			ropeBase:       c.Float("rope.freq_base"),
 			ropeScale:      c.Float("rope.scaling.factor", 1),
@@ -266,13 +307,13 @@ func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
 			numExpertsUsed: int(c.Uint("expert_used_count")),
 			normTopKProb:   c.Bool("expert_weights_norm", true),
 
-			qLoraRank:     int(c.Uint("attention.q_lora_rank")), //&qLoraRankVal,
+			qLoraRank:     int(c.Uint("attention.q_lora_rank")),
 			kvLoraRank:    int(c.Uint("attention.kv_lora_rank")),
-			qkHeadDim:     int(c.Uint("attention.key_length")),
-			vHeadDim:      int(c.Uint("attention.value_length")),
+			qkHeadDim:     keyLength,
+			vHeadDim:      valueLength,
 			qkRopeHeadDim: int(c.Uint("rope.dimension_count")),
-			qkNopeHeadDim: int(c.Uint("attention.key_length")) - int(c.Uint("rope.dimension_count")),
-			kqNopeHeadDim: int(c.Uint("attention.key_length")) - int(c.Uint("rope.dimension_count")),
+			qkNopeHeadDim: keyLength - int(c.Uint("rope.dimension_count")),
+			kqNopeHeadDim: keyLength - int(c.Uint("rope.dimension_count")),
 
 			routedScalingFactor:   c.Float("expert_weights_scale"),
 			originalContextLength: int(c.Uint("rope.scaling.original_context_length")),

model/models/deepseekocr/imageprocessor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package deepseekocr
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"math"
+	"slices"
+
+	"golang.org/x/image/draw"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/imageproc"
+)
+
+type ratio struct {
+	x, y int
+}
+
+func ProcessImage(ctx ml.Context, bts []byte) (ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor, []int, error) {
+	img, _, err := image.Decode(bytes.NewReader(bts))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	minNum, maxNum, imageSize, baseSize := 2, 9, 640, 1024
+	var targetRatios []ratio
+	for n := minNum; n <= maxNum; n++ {
+		for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
+			for j := 1; j <= n; j++ {
+				if i*j <= maxNum && i*j >= minNum && !slices.Contains(targetRatios, ratio{i, j}) {
+					targetRatios = append(targetRatios, ratio{i, j})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	targetRatio := findBestAspectRatio(targetRatios, img.Bounds().Dx(), img.Bounds().Dy(), imageSize)
+	targetWidth, targetHeight := imageSize*targetRatio.x, imageSize*targetRatio.y
+	blocks := targetRatio.x * targetRatio.y
+
+	mean := imageproc.ImageNetStandardMean
+	std := imageproc.ImageNetStandardSTD
+
+	var patches []float32
+	resized := imageproc.Resize(img, image.Point{X: targetWidth, Y: targetHeight}, imageproc.ResizeBilinear)
+	for i := range blocks {
+		patch := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, imageSize, imageSize))
+		draw.Draw(patch, patch.Bounds(), resized, image.Point{
+			X: i % (targetWidth / imageSize) * imageSize,
+			Y: i / (targetWidth / imageSize) * imageSize,
+		}, draw.Over)
+
+		patches = append(patches, imageproc.Normalize(patch, mean, std, true, true)...)
+	}
+
+	img = imageproc.CompositeColor(img, color.Gray{})
+	img = imageproc.Pad(img, image.Point{X: baseSize, Y: baseSize}, color.Gray{127}, draw.BiLinear)
+
+	return ctx.Input().FromFloats(patches, imageSize, imageSize, 3, blocks),
+		ctx.Input().FromFloats(imageproc.Normalize(img, mean, std, true, true), baseSize, baseSize, 3),
+		[]int{targetRatio.x, targetRatio.y},
+		nil
+}
+
+func findBestAspectRatio(targetRatios []ratio, width, height, imageSize int) ratio {
+	bestDiff := math.MaxFloat64
+	best := ratio{1, 1}
+	realRatio := float64(width) / float64(height)
+	for _, target := range targetRatios {
+		targetRatio := float64(target.x) / float64(target.y)
+		diff := math.Abs(realRatio - targetRatio)
+		if diff < bestDiff {
+			bestDiff = diff
+			best = target
+		} else if diff == bestDiff {
+			if float64(width*height) > 0.5*float64(imageSize*imageSize*best.x*best.y) {
+				best = target
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return best
+}

model/models/deepseekocr/model.go

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package deepseekocr
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/kvcache"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
+)
+
+type Model struct {
+	model.Base
+	model.TextProcessor
+
+	Sam    *samModel    `gguf:"s"`
+	Vision *visionModel `gguf:"v"`
+	Text   *textModel
+
+	ImageNewline ml.Tensor `gguf:"mm.image_newline"`
+	//nolint:misspell // this misspelling is upstream. fixing it breaks the model
+	ViewSeperator ml.Tensor `gguf:"mm.view_seperator"`
+
+	Projector *nn.Linear `gguf:"mm.layers"`
+}
+
+func (m *Model) EncodeMultimodal(ctx ml.Context, bts []byte) ([]input.Multimodal, error) {
+	patches, original, crop, err := ProcessImage(ctx, bts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var outputs []ml.Tensor
+	if true { // TODO: local features if sum(patches) != 0
+		samOutputs := m.Sam.Forward(ctx, patches)
+		visionOutputs := m.Vision.Forward(ctx, patches, samOutputs)
+
+		samOutputs = samOutputs.Reshape(ctx, -1, samOutputs.Dim(2), samOutputs.Dim(3)).Permute(ctx, 1, 0, 2, 3)
+		visionOutputs = visionOutputs.Slice(ctx, 1, 1, visionOutputs.Dim(1), 1)
+		localOutputs := visionOutputs.Concat(ctx, samOutputs, 0)
+		localOutputs = m.Projector.Forward(ctx, localOutputs)
+
+		hw := int(math.Sqrt(float64(localOutputs.Dim(1))))
+		localOutputs = localOutputs.Reshape(ctx, -1, hw, crop[0], crop[1])
+		localOutputs = localOutputs.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+		localOutputs = localOutputs.Contiguous(ctx, -1, crop[0]*hw, crop[1]*hw)
+		localOutputs = localOutputs.Concat(ctx, m.ImageNewline.Repeat(ctx, 2, localOutputs.Dim(2)), 1)
+		localOutputs = localOutputs.Reshape(ctx, localOutputs.Dim(0), -1)
+
+		outputs = append(outputs, localOutputs)
+	}
+
+	samOutputs := m.Sam.Forward(ctx, original)
+	visionOutputs := m.Vision.Forward(ctx, original, samOutputs)
+
+	samOutputs = samOutputs.Reshape(ctx, -1, samOutputs.Dim(2), samOutputs.Dim(3)).Permute(ctx, 1, 0, 2, 3)
+	visionOutputs = visionOutputs.Slice(ctx, 1, 1, visionOutputs.Dim(1), 1)
+	globalOutputs := visionOutputs.Concat(ctx, samOutputs, 0)
+	globalOutputs = m.Projector.Forward(ctx, globalOutputs)
+
+	hw := int(math.Sqrt(float64(globalOutputs.Dim(1))))
+	globalOutputs = globalOutputs.Reshape(ctx, -1, hw, hw)
+	globalOutputs = globalOutputs.Concat(ctx, m.ImageNewline.Repeat(ctx, 2, globalOutputs.Dim(2)), 1)
+	globalOutputs = globalOutputs.Reshape(ctx, globalOutputs.Dim(0), -1)
+
+	outputs = append(outputs, globalOutputs, m.ViewSeperator)
+	return []input.Multimodal{
+		{Tensor: outputs[0].Stack(ctx, 1, outputs[1:]...)},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Model) PostTokenize(inputs []*input.Input) ([]*input.Input, error) {
+	outputs := make([]*input.Input, 0, len(inputs))
+	for i := range inputs {
+		if inputs[i].Multimodal == nil {
+			outputs = append(outputs, inputs[i])
+			continue
+		}
+
+		t := inputs[i].Multimodal[0].Tensor
+		outputs = append(outputs, &input.Input{
+			Token:          128815,
+			Multimodal:     inputs[i].Multimodal,
+			MultimodalHash: inputs[i].MultimodalHash,
+			SameBatch:      t.Dim(1) - 1,
+		})
+
+		outputs = slices.Grow(outputs, t.Dim(1)-1)
+		outputs = append(outputs, slices.Repeat([]*input.Input{{Token: 128815}}, t.Dim(1)-1)...)
+	}
+	return outputs, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Model) Forward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch) (ml.Tensor, error) {
+	inputsEmbeds := m.Text.TokenEmbedding.Forward(ctx, batch.Inputs).Duplicate(ctx)
+	positions := ctx.Input().FromInts(batch.Positions, len(batch.Positions))
+
+	for _, mm := range batch.Multimodal {
+		t := mm.Multimodal[0].Tensor
+		ctx.Forward(t.Copy(ctx, inputsEmbeds.View(ctx, mm.Index*inputsEmbeds.Stride(1), t.Dim(0)*t.Dim(1))))
+	}
+
+	hiddenStates := inputsEmbeds
+	for i, block := range m.Text.Blocks {
+		if m.Cache != nil {
+			m.Cache.SetLayer(i)
+		}
+
+		var outputs ml.Tensor
+		if i == len(m.Text.Blocks)-1 {
+			outputs = batch.Outputs
+		}
+
+		hiddenStates = block.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, positions, outputs, m.Cache, m.Text.Options)
+	}
+
+	hiddenStates = m.Text.OutputNorm.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, m.Text.Options.eps)
+	return m.Text.Output.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates), nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	model.Register("deepseekocr", func(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
+		textBlocks := make([]textBlock, c.Uint("block_count"))
+		leadingDenseBlockCount := int(c.Uint("leading_dense_block_count", 1))
+		for i := range textBlocks {
+			if i >= leadingDenseBlockCount {
+				textBlocks[i].FeedForward = &textMoe{}
+			} else {
+				textBlocks[i].FeedForward = &textMLP{}
+			}
+		}
+
+		m := Model{
+			TextProcessor: model.NewBytePairEncoding(
+				&model.Vocabulary{
+					Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
+					Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
+					Merges: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.merges"),
+					AddBOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token", true),
+					BOS:    []int32{int32(c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id"))},
+					AddEOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token", false),
+					EOS: append(
+						[]int32{int32(c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id"))},
+						c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_ids")...,
+					),
+				},
+				// Split regex into multiple parts (according to DeepSeek3's regex)
+				"\\p{N}{1,3}",
+				`[一-龥぀-ゟ゠-ヿ]+`,
+				"[!\"#$%&'()*+,\\-./:;<=>?@\\[\\\\\\]^_`{|}~][A-Za-z]+|[^\r\n\\p{L}\\p{P}\\p{S}]?[\\p{L}\\p{M}]+| ?[\\p{P}\\p{S}]+[\r\n]*|\\s*[\r\n]+|\\s+(?!\\S)|\\s+",
+			),
+			Text: &textModel{
+				Blocks: textBlocks,
+				Options: textOptions{
+					hiddenSize:     int(c.Uint("embedding_length")),
+					numHeads:       int(c.Uint("attention.head_count")),
+					numKVHeads:     int(c.Uint("attention.head_count_kv")),
+					numExperts:     int(c.Uint("expert_count")),
+					numExpertsUsed: int(c.Uint("expert_used_count")),
+					ropeBase:       c.Float("rope.freq_base", 10_000),
+					ropeScale:      c.Float("rope.scaling.factor", 1.0),
+					eps:            c.Float("attention.layer_norm_rms_epsilon", 1e-6),
+				},
+			},
+			Vision: &visionModel{
+				Blocks: make([]visionBlock, c.Uint("vision.block_count")),
+				Options: visionOptions{
+					hiddenSize: int(c.Uint("vision.embedding_length")),
+					numHeads:   int(c.Uint("vision.head_count")),
+					imageSize:  int(c.Uint("vision.image_size", 224)),
+					patchSize:  int(c.Uint("vision.patch_size", 14)),
+					eps:        c.Float("vision.attention.layer_norm_epsilon", 1e-5),
+				},
+			},
+			Sam: &samModel{
+				Blocks: make([]samBlock, c.Uint("sam.block_count")),
+				Options: samOptions{
+					hiddenSize:            int(c.Uint("sam.embedding_length")),
+					numHeads:              int(c.Uint("sam.head_count")),
+					eps:                   c.Float("sam.attention.layer_norm_epsilon", 1e-6),
+					globalAttentionLayers: c.Ints("sam.global_attention_indexes"),
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		m.Cache = kvcache.NewCausalCache(m.Text.Shift)
+		return &m, nil
+	})
+}

model/models/deepseekocr/model_sam.go

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+package deepseekocr
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
+)
+
+type samModel struct {
+	PatchEmbedding    *nn.Conv2D `gguf:"patch_embd"`
+	PositionEmbedding ml.Tensor  `gguf:"position_embd"`
+
+	Blocks []samBlock `gguf:"blk"`
+
+	Neck *samNeck   `gguf:"neck"`
+	Net2 *nn.Conv2D `gguf:"net_2"`
+	Net3 *nn.Conv2D `gguf:"net_3"`
+
+	Options samOptions
+}
+
+func (m *samModel) absolutePositionEmbedding(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	source := m.PositionEmbedding.Dim(1)
+	target := hiddenStates.Dim(2)
+	if source != target {
+		positionEmbed := m.PositionEmbedding.Permute(ctx, 2, 0, 1, 3)
+		positionEmbed = positionEmbed.Interpolate(ctx, [4]int{target, target, hiddenStates.Dim(0), 1}, ml.SamplingModeBilinear)
+		return positionEmbed.Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+	}
+
+	return m.PositionEmbedding
+}
+
+func (m *samModel) Forward(ctx ml.Context, t ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	hiddenStates := m.PatchEmbedding.Forward(ctx, t, 16, 16, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+
+	if m.PositionEmbedding != nil {
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, m.absolutePositionEmbedding(ctx, hiddenStates))
+	}
+
+	for i, block := range m.Blocks {
+		var windowSize int
+		if !slices.Contains(m.Options.globalAttentionLayers, int32(i)) {
+			windowSize = 14
+		}
+
+		hiddenStates = block.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, windowSize, m.Options)
+	}
+
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Permute(ctx, 2, 0, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+	hiddenStates = m.Neck.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, m.Options)
+	hiddenStates = m.Net2.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1)
+	hiddenStates = m.Net3.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1)
+	return hiddenStates
+}
+
+type samOptions struct {
+	hiddenSize,
+	numHeads int
+	eps                   float32
+	globalAttentionLayers []int32
+}
+
+func (o samOptions) headDim() int {
+	return o.hiddenSize / o.numHeads
+}
+
+type samBlock struct {
+	Norm1       *nn.LayerNorm `gguf:"norm1"`
+	Attention   *samAttention `gguf:"attn"`
+	Norm2       *nn.LayerNorm `gguf:"norm2"`
+	FeedForward *samMLP       `gguf:"mlp"`
+}
+
+func (m *samBlock) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, windowSize int, opts samOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	c, w, h := hiddenStates.Dim(0), hiddenStates.Dim(1), hiddenStates.Dim(2)
+
+	residual := hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = m.Norm1.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+
+	var pw, ph int
+	if windowSize > 0 {
+		pw = (windowSize - hiddenStates.Dim(1)%windowSize) % windowSize
+		ph = (windowSize - hiddenStates.Dim(2)%windowSize) % windowSize
+		if pw > 0 || ph > 0 {
+			hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Pad(ctx, 0, pw, ph, 0)
+		}
+
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Reshape(ctx, c*windowSize, (w+pw)/windowSize, windowSize, -1)
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx, c, windowSize, windowSize, -1)
+	}
+
+	hiddenStates = m.Attention.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts)
+
+	if windowSize > 0 {
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Reshape(ctx, c*windowSize, windowSize, (w+pw)/windowSize, -1)
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Contiguous(ctx, c, w+pw, h+ph, -1)
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Pad(ctx, 0, -pw, -ph, 0)
+	}
+
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+
+	residual = hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = m.Norm2.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+	hiddenStates = m.FeedForward.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts)
+	return hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+}
+
+type samAttention struct {
+	QKV    *nn.Linear `gguf:"qkv"`
+	Output *nn.Linear `gguf:"proj"`
+
+	RelativePosition *struct {
+		Height ml.Tensor `gguf:"h"`
+		Width  ml.Tensor `gguf:"w"`
+	} `gguf:",pre:rel_pos_"`
+}
+
+func relativeCoordinates(ctx ml.Context, qn, kn int) ml.Tensor {
+	s := make([]int32, qn*kn)
+	for i := range qn {
+		for j := range kn {
+			q := i * max(kn/qn, 1)
+			k := j * max(qn/kn, 1)
+			s[i*kn+j] = int32(q - k + (kn-1)*max(qn/kn, 1))
+		}
+	}
+	return ctx.Input().FromInts(s, qn*kn)
+}
+
+func relativePositions(ctx ml.Context, positions ml.Tensor, qn, kn int) ml.Tensor {
+	maxRelativeDistance := 2*max(qn, kn) - 1
+	if positions.Dim(1) != maxRelativeDistance {
+		// linear interpolation kernel not available so approx. with bilinear interpolation
+		positions = positions.Interpolate(ctx, [4]int{positions.Dim(0), maxRelativeDistance, 1, 1}, ml.SamplingModeBilinear)
+	}
+
+	rc := relativeCoordinates(ctx, qn, kn)
+	return positions.Rows(ctx, rc).Reshape(ctx, positions.Dim(0), kn, qn)
+}
+
+func (m *samAttention) decomposedRelativePositions(ctx ml.Context, query ml.Tensor, qn, kn []int) (ml.Tensor, ml.Tensor) {
+	qh, qw := qn[0], qn[1]
+	kh, kw := kn[0], kn[1]
+
+	rh := relativePositions(ctx, m.RelativePosition.Height, qh, kh)
+	rw := relativePositions(ctx, m.RelativePosition.Width, qw, kw)
+
+	query = query.Contiguous(ctx, query.Dim(0), qw, qh, -1)
+	rh = rh.Mulmat(ctx, query).Reshape(ctx, 1, kh, qh*qw, -1)
+	rw = rw.Mulmat(ctx, query.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)).Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx, kw, 1, qh*qw, -1)
+	return rh, rw
+}
+
+func (m *samAttention) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, opts samOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	w, h, b := hiddenStates.Dim(1), hiddenStates.Dim(2), hiddenStates.Dim(3)
+
+	qkv := m.QKV.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+	qkv = qkv.Reshape(ctx, opts.headDim(), -1, w*h, b)
+	chunks := qkv.Chunk(ctx, 1, opts.numHeads)
+	query, key, value := chunks[0], chunks[1], chunks[2]
+
+	ctx.Forward(query, key, value)
+
+	query = query.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+	rh, rw := m.decomposedRelativePositions(ctx, query, []int{h, w}, []int{h, w})
+	mask := rh.Repeat(ctx, 0, rw.Dim(0)).Add(ctx, rw)
+	mask = mask.Reshape(ctx, h*w, -1, opts.numHeads, b)
+
+	key = key.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+	scores := key.MulmatFullPrec(ctx, query)
+	scores = scores.Scale(ctx, 1/math.Sqrt(float64(opts.headDim())))
+
+	scores = scores.Add(ctx, mask)
+	scores = scores.Softmax(ctx)
+
+	value = value.Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+	attention := value.Mulmat(ctx, scores)
+	attention = attention.Permute(ctx, 0, 2, 1, 3)
+	attention = attention.Contiguous(ctx, -1, w, h, b)
+	return m.Output.Forward(ctx, attention)
+}
+
+type samMLP struct {
+	Lin1 *nn.Linear `gguf:"lin1"`
+	Lin2 *nn.Linear `gguf:"lin2"`
+}
+
+func (m *samMLP) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, opts samOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	return m.Lin2.Forward(ctx, m.Lin1.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates).GELU(ctx))
+}
+
+type LayerNorm2D struct {
+	Weight ml.Tensor `gguf:"weight"`
+	Bias   ml.Tensor `gguf:"bias"`
+}
+
+func (ln *LayerNorm2D) Forward(ctx ml.Context, x ml.Tensor, eps float32) ml.Tensor {
+	x = x.Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+	u := x.Mean(ctx)
+	d := x.Sub(ctx, u)
+	s := d.Sqr(ctx).Mean(ctx)
+	x = d.Div(ctx, s.Add(ctx, ctx.Input().FromFloats([]float32{eps}, 1)).Sqrt(ctx))
+	x = x.Mul(ctx, ln.Weight).Add(ctx, ln.Bias)
+	return x.Permute(ctx, 2, 0, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+}
+
+type samNeck struct {
+	C1  *nn.Conv2D   `gguf:"0"`
+	LN1 *LayerNorm2D `gguf:"1"`
+	C2  *nn.Conv2D   `gguf:"2"`
+	LN2 *LayerNorm2D `gguf:"3"`
+}
+
+func (m *samNeck) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, opts samOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	hiddenStates = m.C1.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+	hiddenStates = m.LN1.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+	hiddenStates = m.C2.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
+	hiddenStates = m.LN2.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+	return hiddenStates
+}

model/models/deepseekocr/model_text.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package deepseekocr
+
+import (
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/kvcache"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/fast"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
+)
+
+type textModel struct {
+	TokenEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
+	Blocks         []textBlock   `gguf:"blk"`
+	OutputNorm     *nn.RMSNorm   `gguf:"output_norm"`
+	Output         *nn.Linear    `gguf:"output"`
+
+	Options textOptions
+}
+
+func (m *textModel) Shift(ctx ml.Context, layer int, key, shift ml.Tensor) (ml.Tensor, error) {
+	return m.Options.applyRotaryPositionalEmbedding(ctx, key, shift), nil
+}
+
+type textOptions struct {
+	hiddenSize,
+	numHeads,
+	numKVHeads,
+	numExperts,
+	numExpertsUsed int
+	ropeBase,
+	ropeScale,
+	eps float32
+}
+
+func (o textOptions) headDim() int {
+	return o.hiddenSize / o.numHeads
+}
+
+func (o textOptions) applyRotaryPositionalEmbedding(ctx ml.Context, t, p ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	return fast.RoPE(ctx, t, p, o.headDim(), o.ropeBase, 1/o.ropeScale, rope.WithTypeNeoX())
+}
+
+type textBlock struct {
+	AttentionNorm *nn.RMSNorm `gguf:"attn_norm"`
+	Attention     *textAttention
+	MLPNNorm      *nn.RMSNorm `gguf:"ffn_norm"`
+	FeedForward   textFeedForward
+}
+
+func (m *textBlock) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions, outputs ml.Tensor, cache kvcache.Cache, opts textOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	residual := hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = m.AttentionNorm.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+	hiddenStates = m.Attention.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, positions, cache, opts)
+	if outputs != nil {
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Rows(ctx, outputs)
+		residual = residual.Rows(ctx, outputs)
+	}
+
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+
+	residual = hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = m.MLPNNorm.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+	hiddenStates = m.FeedForward.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts)
+	return hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+}
+
+type textAttention struct {
+	Query  *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_q"`
+	Key    *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_k"`
+	Value  *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_v"`
+	Output *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_output"`
+}
+
+func (m *textAttention) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates, positions ml.Tensor, cache kvcache.Cache, opts textOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	query := m.Query.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+	query = query.Reshape(ctx, opts.headDim(), opts.numHeads, -1)
+
+	key := m.Key.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+	key = key.Reshape(ctx, opts.headDim(), opts.numKVHeads, -1)
+
+	value := m.Value.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+	value = value.Reshape(ctx, opts.headDim(), opts.numKVHeads, -1)
+
+	query = opts.applyRotaryPositionalEmbedding(ctx, query, positions)
+	key = opts.applyRotaryPositionalEmbedding(ctx, key, positions)
+
+	attention := nn.Attention(ctx, query, key, value, 1./math.Sqrt(float64(opts.headDim())), cache)
+	attention = attention.Reshape(ctx, -1, attention.Dim(2))
+	return m.Output.Forward(ctx, attention)
+}
+
+type textFeedForward interface {
+	Forward(ml.Context, ml.Tensor, textOptions) ml.Tensor
+}
+
+type textMoe struct {
+	Router        *nn.Linear      `gguf:"ffn_gate_inp"`
+	Gate          *nn.LinearBatch `gguf:"ffn_gate_exps"`
+	Up            *nn.LinearBatch `gguf:"ffn_up_exps"`
+	Down          *nn.LinearBatch `gguf:"ffn_down_exps"`
+	SharedExperts *textMLP        `gguf:",suf:_shexp"`
+}
+
+func (m *textMoe) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, opts textOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	scores := m.Router.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates).Softmax(ctx)
+	indices := scores.TopK(ctx, opts.numExpertsUsed)
+	weights := scores.Reshape(ctx, 1, opts.numExperts, hiddenStates.Dim(1)).Rows(ctx, indices)
+
+	experts := hiddenStates.Reshape(ctx, hiddenStates.Dim(0), 1, hiddenStates.Dim(1))
+	experts = m.Gate.Forward(ctx, experts, indices).SILU(ctx, m.Up.Forward(ctx, experts, indices))
+	experts = m.Down.Forward(ctx, experts, indices)
+	experts = experts.Mul(ctx, weights)
+
+	expert := func(i int) ml.Tensor {
+		return experts.View(
+			ctx, i*experts.Stride(1), experts.Dim(0), experts.Stride(2), experts.Dim(2),
+		)
+	}
+
+	routedStates := expert(0)
+	for i := 1; i < opts.numExpertsUsed; i++ {
+		routedStates = routedStates.Add(ctx, expert(i))
+	}
+
+	sharedStates := m.SharedExperts.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts)
+	return routedStates.Add(ctx, sharedStates)
+}
+
+type textMLP struct {
+	Gate *nn.Linear `gguf:"ffn_gate"`
+	Up   *nn.Linear `gguf:"ffn_up"`
+	Down *nn.Linear `gguf:"ffn_down"`
+}
+
+func (m *textMLP) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, _ textOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	hiddenStates = m.Gate.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates).SILU(ctx, m.Up.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates))
+	return m.Down.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+}

model/models/deepseekocr/model_vision.go

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package deepseekocr
+
+import (
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
+)
+
+type visionModel struct {
+	PatchEmbedding    *nn.Conv2D    `gguf:"patch_embd"`
+	ClassEmbedding    ml.Tensor     `gguf:"class_embd"`
+	PositionEmbedding *nn.Embedding `gguf:"position_embd"`
+
+	PreLayerNorm *nn.LayerNorm `gguf:"pre_layrnorm"`
+	Blocks       []visionBlock `gguf:"blk"`
+
+	Options visionOptions
+}
+
+func (m *visionModel) absolutePositionEmbedding(ctx ml.Context, embeds ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	numPatches := m.Options.imageSize / m.Options.patchSize * m.Options.imageSize / m.Options.patchSize
+	positions := ctx.Arange(0, float32(numPatches+1), 1, ml.DTypeI32)
+	positionEmbeds := m.PositionEmbedding.Forward(ctx, positions)
+
+	source := int(math.Sqrt(float64(positionEmbeds.Dim(1) - 1)))
+	target := int(math.Sqrt(float64(embeds.Dim(1) - 1)))
+	if source != target {
+		newPositionEmbeds := positionEmbeds.Slice(ctx, 1, 1, positionEmbeds.Dim(1), 1)
+		newPositionEmbeds = newPositionEmbeds.Reshape(ctx, -1, source, source)
+		newPositionEmbeds = newPositionEmbeds.Permute(ctx, 2, 0, 1, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+		newPositionEmbeds = newPositionEmbeds.Interpolate(ctx, [4]int{target, target, embeds.Dim(0), 1}, ml.SamplingModeBilinear)
+		newPositionEmbeds = newPositionEmbeds.Permute(ctx, 1, 2, 0, 3)
+		newPositionEmbeds = newPositionEmbeds.Contiguous(ctx, -1, target*target)
+
+		positionEmbeds = positionEmbeds.Slice(ctx, 1, 0, 1, 1).Concat(ctx, newPositionEmbeds, 1)
+	}
+
+	return positionEmbeds
+}
+
+func (m *visionModel) Forward(ctx ml.Context, pixelValues, patchEmbeds ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	if patchEmbeds == nil {
+		patchEmbeds = m.PatchEmbedding.Forward(ctx, pixelValues, m.Options.patchSize, m.Options.patchSize, 0, 0, 1, 1)
+	}
+
+	patchEmbeds = patchEmbeds.Reshape(ctx, -1, patchEmbeds.Dim(2), patchEmbeds.Dim(3))
+	patchEmbeds = patchEmbeds.Permute(ctx, 1, 0, 2, 3).Contiguous(ctx)
+
+	classEmbeds := m.ClassEmbedding.Repeat(ctx, 2, patchEmbeds.Dim(2))
+	embeds := classEmbeds.Concat(ctx, patchEmbeds, 1)
+	embeds = embeds.Add(ctx, m.absolutePositionEmbedding(ctx, embeds))
+
+	hiddenStates := m.PreLayerNorm.Forward(ctx, embeds, m.Options.eps)
+	for _, block := range m.Blocks {
+		hiddenStates = block.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, m.Options)
+	}
+
+	return hiddenStates
+}
+
+type visionOptions struct {
+	hiddenSize,
+	numHeads int
+	eps float32
+
+	imageSize, patchSize int
+}
+
+func (o visionOptions) headDim() int {
+	return o.hiddenSize / o.numHeads
+}
+
+type visionBlock struct {
+	Norm1       *nn.LayerNorm    `gguf:"layer_norm1"`
+	Attention   *visionAttention `gguf:"self_attn"`
+	Norm2       *nn.LayerNorm    `gguf:"layer_norm2"`
+	FeedForward *visionMLP       `gguf:"mlp"`
+}
+
+func (m *visionBlock) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, opts visionOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	residual := hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = m.Norm1.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+	hiddenStates = m.Attention.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts)
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+
+	residual = hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = m.Norm2.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+	hiddenStates = m.FeedForward.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+	return hiddenStates
+}
+
+type visionAttention struct {
+	QKV    *nn.Linear `gguf:"qkv_proj"`
+	Output *nn.Linear `gguf:"out_proj"`
+}
+
+func (m *visionAttention) Forward(ctx ml.Context, t ml.Tensor, opts visionOptions) ml.Tensor {
+	qkv := m.QKV.Forward(ctx, t)
+	qkv = qkv.Reshape(ctx, opts.headDim(), -1, qkv.Dim(1), qkv.Dim(2))
+	chunks := qkv.Chunk(ctx, 1, opts.numHeads)
+	query, key, value := chunks[0], chunks[1], chunks[2]
+
+	attention := nn.Attention(ctx, query, key, value, 1/math.Sqrt(float64(opts.headDim())), nil)
+	attention = attention.Reshape(ctx, -1, attention.Dim(2), attention.Dim(3))
+	return m.Output.Forward(ctx, attention)
+}
+
+type visionMLP struct {
+	FC1 *nn.Linear `gguf:"fc1"`
+	FC2 *nn.Linear `gguf:"fc2"`
+}
+
+func (m *visionMLP) Forward(ctx ml.Context, t ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	return m.FC2.Forward(ctx, m.FC1.Forward(ctx, t).QuickGELU(ctx))
+}

model/models/models.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package models
 import (
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/bert"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/deepseek2"
+	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/deepseekocr"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/gemma2"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/gemma3"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/gemma3n"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/llama4"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/mistral3"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/mllama"
+	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/nomicbert"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/qwen2"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/qwen25vl"
 	_ "github.com/ollama/ollama/model/models/qwen3"

model/models/nomicbert/model.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package nomicbert
+
+import (
+	"cmp"
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/fs"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/fast"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/pooling"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/ml/nn/rope"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/model/input"
+)
+
+type Model struct {
+	model.Base
+	model.TextProcessor
+
+	TokenEmbedding     *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_embd"`
+	TypeEmbedding      *nn.Embedding `gguf:"token_types"`
+	TokenEmbeddingNorm *nn.LayerNorm `gguf:"token_embd_norm"`
+
+	Layers []EncoderLayer `gguf:"blk"`
+
+	Options
+}
+
+type Options struct {
+	hiddenSize   int
+	numHeads     int
+	headDim      int
+	eps          float32
+	poolingType  pooling.Type
+	normalize    bool
+	ropeFreqBase float32
+}
+
+// Single Encoder Layer
+type EncoderLayer struct {
+	*Attention
+
+	AttentionNorm *nn.LayerNorm `gguf:"attn_output_norm"`
+
+	*MLP
+
+	MLPNorm *nn.LayerNorm `gguf:"layer_output_norm"`
+}
+
+type Attention struct {
+	QKV    *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_qkv"`
+	Output *nn.Linear `gguf:"attn_output"`
+}
+
+type MLP struct {
+	Gate *nn.Linear `gguf:"ffn_gate"`
+	Up   *nn.Linear `gguf:"ffn_up"`
+	Down *nn.Linear `gguf:"ffn_down"`
+}
+
+func (m *Model) Forward(ctx ml.Context, batch input.Batch) (ml.Tensor, error) {
+	hiddenStates := m.TokenEmbedding.Forward(ctx, batch.Inputs)
+
+	typeEmbed := m.TypeEmbedding.Weight.Slice(ctx, 1, 0, 1, 1)
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, typeEmbed)
+
+	hiddenStates = m.TokenEmbeddingNorm.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, m.eps)
+
+	positions := ctx.Input().FromInts(batch.Positions, len(batch.Positions))
+
+	for _, layer := range m.Layers {
+		hiddenStates = layer.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, positions, &m.Options)
+	}
+
+	hiddenStates = m.poolingType.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+
+	if m.normalize {
+		hiddenStates = hiddenStates.L2Norm(ctx, 1e-12)
+	}
+
+	return hiddenStates, nil
+}
+
+func (e *EncoderLayer) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, positions ml.Tensor, opts *Options) ml.Tensor {
+	residual := hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = e.Attention.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, positions, opts)
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+	hiddenStates = e.AttentionNorm.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+
+	residual = hiddenStates
+	hiddenStates = e.MLP.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+	hiddenStates = hiddenStates.Add(ctx, residual)
+	hiddenStates = e.MLPNorm.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates, opts.eps)
+
+	return hiddenStates
+}
+
+func (a *Attention) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor, positions ml.Tensor, opts *Options) ml.Tensor {
+	batchSize := hiddenStates.Dim(1)
+
+	qkv := a.QKV.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates)
+
+	qkv = qkv.Reshape(ctx, opts.headDim, opts.numHeads*3, batchSize)
+	chunks := qkv.Chunk(ctx, 1, opts.numHeads)
+	query, key, value := chunks[0], chunks[1], chunks[2]
+
+	query = fast.RoPE(ctx, query, positions, opts.headDim, opts.ropeFreqBase, 1.0, rope.WithTypeNeoX())
+	key = fast.RoPE(ctx, key, positions, opts.headDim, opts.ropeFreqBase, 1.0, rope.WithTypeNeoX())
+
+	attention := nn.Attention(ctx, query, key, value, 1.0/math.Sqrt(float64(opts.headDim)), nil)
+
+	attention = attention.Reshape(ctx, opts.hiddenSize, batchSize)
+
+	return a.Output.Forward(ctx, attention)
+}
+
+func (m *MLP) Forward(ctx ml.Context, hiddenStates ml.Tensor) ml.Tensor {
+	hidden := m.Gate.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates).SILU(ctx, m.Up.Forward(ctx, hiddenStates))
+
+	return m.Down.Forward(ctx, hidden)
+}
+
+func New(c fs.Config) (model.Model, error) {
+	hiddenSize := int(c.Uint("embedding_length"))
+	numHeads := int(c.Uint("attention.head_count"))
+	headDim := hiddenSize / numHeads
+
+	processor := model.NewWordPiece(
+		&model.Vocabulary{
+			Values: c.Strings("tokenizer.ggml.tokens"),
+			Scores: c.Floats("tokenizer.ggml.scores"),
+			Types:  c.Ints("tokenizer.ggml.token_type"),
+			AddBOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token", true),
+			BOS: []int32{
+				int32(cmp.Or(
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.cls_token_id"),
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.bos_token_id"),
+				)),
+			},
+			AddEOS: c.Bool("tokenizer.ggml.add_eos_token", true),
+			EOS: []int32{
+				int32(cmp.Or(
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.separator_token_id"),
+					c.Uint("tokenizer.ggml.eos_token_id"),
+				)),
+			},
+		},
+		false,
+	)
+
+	return &Model{
+		TextProcessor: processor,
+		Layers:        make([]EncoderLayer, c.Uint("block_count")),
+		Options: Options{
+			hiddenSize:   hiddenSize,
+			numHeads:     numHeads,
+			headDim:      headDim,
+			eps:          c.Float("attention.layer_norm_epsilon"),
+			poolingType:  pooling.Type(c.Uint("pooling_type")),
+			normalize:    c.Bool("normalize_embeddings", false),
+			ropeFreqBase: c.Float("rope.freq_base", 1000.0),
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	model.Register("nomic-bert", New)
+	model.Register("nomic-bert_embed", New)
+}

model/parsers/cogito.go

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+package parsers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type CogitoParserState int
+
+const (
+	CogitoCollectingThinking CogitoParserState = iota
+	CogitoCollectingContent
+	CogitoCollectingToolCalls
+	CogitoCollectingToolOutput
+)
+
+const (
+	cogitoThinkingCloseTag    = "</think>"
+	cogitoToolCallsBeginTag   = "<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>"
+	cogitoToolCallsEndTag     = "<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>"
+	cogitoToolCallBeginTag    = "<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>"
+	cogitoToolCallEndTag      = "<｜tool▁call▁end｜>"
+	cogitoToolSepTag          = "<｜tool▁sep｜>"
+	cogitoToolOutputBeginTag  = "<｜tool▁output▁begin｜>"
+	cogitoToolOutputEndTag    = "<｜tool▁output▁end｜>"
+	cogitoToolOutputsBeginTag = "<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜>"
+	cogitoToolOutputsEndTag   = "<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>"
+)
+
+type CogitoParser struct {
+	state  CogitoParserState
+	buffer strings.Builder
+}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) HasToolSupport() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) HasThinkingSupport() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) setInitialState(lastMessage *api.Message, tools []api.Tool, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) {
+	prefill := lastMessage != nil && lastMessage.Role == "assistant"
+
+	// Check both model capability AND request preference
+	thinkingEnabled := thinkValue != nil && thinkValue.Bool()
+	// thinkingEnabled should be set to false for tools
+
+	if !thinkingEnabled {
+		p.state = CogitoCollectingContent
+		return
+	}
+
+	if prefill && lastMessage.Content != "" {
+		p.state = CogitoCollectingContent
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Note: for cogito, if there are tools, then we don't want to be thinking
+	if len(tools) > 0 {
+		p.state = CogitoCollectingContent
+		return
+	}
+
+	p.state = CogitoCollectingThinking
+}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) []api.Tool {
+	p.setInitialState(lastMessage, tools, thinkValue)
+	return tools
+}
+
+type cogitoEvent interface {
+	isCogitoEvent()
+}
+
+type cogitoEventThinkingContent struct {
+	content string
+}
+
+type cogitoEventContent struct {
+	content string
+}
+
+type cogitoEventToolCall struct {
+	toolCall api.ToolCall
+}
+
+func (cogitoEventThinkingContent) isCogitoEvent() {}
+func (cogitoEventContent) isCogitoEvent()         {}
+func (cogitoEventToolCall) isCogitoEvent()        {}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) Add(s string, done bool) (content string, thinking string, calls []api.ToolCall, err error) {
+	p.buffer.WriteString(s)
+	events := p.parseEvents()
+
+	var toolCalls []api.ToolCall
+	var contentSb strings.Builder
+	var thinkingSb strings.Builder
+	for _, event := range events {
+		switch event := event.(type) {
+		case cogitoEventToolCall:
+			toolCalls = append(toolCalls, event.toolCall)
+		case cogitoEventThinkingContent:
+			thinkingSb.WriteString(event.content)
+		case cogitoEventContent:
+			contentSb.WriteString(event.content)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return contentSb.String(), thinkingSb.String(), toolCalls, nil
+}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) parseEvents() []cogitoEvent {
+	var all []cogitoEvent
+
+	keepLooping := true
+	for keepLooping {
+		var events []cogitoEvent
+		events, keepLooping = p.eat()
+		if len(events) > 0 {
+			all = append(all, events...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return all
+}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) eat() ([]cogitoEvent, bool) {
+	var events []cogitoEvent
+	bufStr := p.buffer.String()
+	if bufStr == "" {
+		return events, false
+	}
+
+	switch p.state {
+	case CogitoCollectingThinking:
+		if strings.Contains(bufStr, cogitoThinkingCloseTag) { // thinking[</think>] -> content
+			split := strings.SplitN(bufStr, cogitoThinkingCloseTag, 2)
+			thinking := split[0]
+			thinking = strings.TrimRightFunc(thinking, unicode.IsSpace)
+
+			remaining := split[1]
+			remaining = strings.TrimLeftFunc(remaining, unicode.IsSpace)
+
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			p.buffer.WriteString(remaining)
+			p.state = CogitoCollectingContent
+
+			if len(thinking) > 0 {
+				events = append(events, cogitoEventThinkingContent{content: thinking})
+			}
+			return events, true
+		} else if overlapLen := overlap(bufStr, cogitoThinkingCloseTag); overlapLen > 0 { // partial </think>
+			beforePartialTag := bufStr[:len(bufStr)-overlapLen]
+			trailingLen := trailingWhitespaceLen(beforePartialTag)
+			ambiguousStart := len(beforePartialTag) - trailingLen
+
+			unambiguous := bufStr[:ambiguousStart]
+			ambiguous := bufStr[ambiguousStart:]
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			p.buffer.WriteString(ambiguous)
+			if len(unambiguous) > 0 {
+				events = append(events, cogitoEventThinkingContent{content: unambiguous})
+			}
+			return events, false
+		} else { // otherwise its thinking content
+			whitespaceLen := trailingWhitespaceLen(bufStr)
+			ambiguousStart := len(bufStr) - whitespaceLen
+
+			unambiguous := bufStr[:ambiguousStart]
+			ambiguous := bufStr[ambiguousStart:]
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			p.buffer.WriteString(ambiguous)
+			if len(unambiguous) > 0 {
+				events = append(events, cogitoEventThinkingContent{content: unambiguous})
+			}
+			return events, false
+		}
+
+	case CogitoCollectingContent:
+		switch {
+		case strings.Contains(bufStr, cogitoToolCallsBeginTag): // content[<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>] -> tool calls
+			split := strings.SplitN(bufStr, cogitoToolCallsBeginTag, 2)
+			contentBefore := strings.TrimRightFunc(split[0], unicode.IsSpace)
+			remaining := split[1]
+
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			p.buffer.WriteString(remaining)
+			p.state = CogitoCollectingToolCalls
+
+			if len(contentBefore) > 0 {
+				events = append(events, cogitoEventContent{content: contentBefore})
+			}
+			return events, true
+		case strings.Contains(bufStr, cogitoToolOutputsBeginTag): // content[<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜>] -> tool outputs
+			split := strings.SplitN(bufStr, cogitoToolOutputsBeginTag, 2)
+			contentBefore := strings.TrimRightFunc(split[0], unicode.IsSpace)
+			remaining := split[1]
+
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			p.buffer.WriteString(remaining)
+			p.state = CogitoCollectingToolOutput
+
+			if len(contentBefore) > 0 {
+				events = append(events, cogitoEventContent{content: contentBefore})
+			}
+			return events, true
+		default: // otherwise its content
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			if len(bufStr) > 0 {
+				events = append(events, cogitoEventContent{content: bufStr})
+			}
+			return events, false
+		}
+	case CogitoCollectingToolCalls:
+		if idx := strings.Index(bufStr, cogitoToolCallBeginTag); idx != -1 {
+			startIdx := idx + len(cogitoToolCallBeginTag)
+			if endIdx := strings.Index(bufStr[startIdx:], cogitoToolCallEndTag); endIdx != -1 {
+				toolCallContent := bufStr[startIdx : startIdx+endIdx]
+
+				if toolCall, err := p.parseToolCallContent(toolCallContent); err == nil {
+					remaining := bufStr[startIdx+endIdx+len(cogitoToolCallEndTag):]
+					remaining = strings.TrimLeftFunc(remaining, unicode.IsSpace)
+
+					p.buffer.Reset()
+					p.buffer.WriteString(remaining)
+
+					events = append(events, cogitoEventToolCall{toolCall: toolCall})
+					return events, true
+				} else {
+					slog.Warn("cogito tool call parsing failed", "error", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if idx := strings.Index(bufStr, cogitoToolCallsEndTag); idx != -1 {
+			remaining := bufStr[idx+len(cogitoToolCallsEndTag):]
+			remaining = strings.TrimLeftFunc(remaining, unicode.IsSpace)
+
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			p.buffer.WriteString(remaining)
+			p.state = CogitoCollectingContent
+
+			return events, true
+		}
+
+		return events, false
+
+	case CogitoCollectingToolOutput:
+		if idx := strings.Index(bufStr, cogitoToolOutputBeginTag); idx != -1 {
+			startIdx := idx + len(cogitoToolOutputBeginTag)
+			if endIdx := strings.Index(bufStr[startIdx:], cogitoToolOutputEndTag); endIdx != -1 {
+				remaining := bufStr[startIdx+endIdx+len(cogitoToolOutputEndTag):]
+				remaining = strings.TrimLeftFunc(remaining, unicode.IsSpace)
+
+				p.buffer.Reset()
+				p.buffer.WriteString(remaining)
+
+				return events, true
+			}
+		}
+
+		if idx := strings.Index(bufStr, cogitoToolOutputsEndTag); idx != -1 {
+			remaining := bufStr[idx+len(cogitoToolOutputsEndTag):]
+			remaining = strings.TrimLeftFunc(remaining, unicode.IsSpace)
+
+			p.buffer.Reset()
+			p.buffer.WriteString(remaining)
+			p.state = CogitoCollectingContent
+
+			return events, true
+		}
+
+		return events, false
+	}
+
+	return events, false
+}
+
+func (p *CogitoParser) parseToolCallContent(content string) (api.ToolCall, error) {
+	// Expected format: function<｜tool▁sep｜>tool_name\n```json\n{args}\n```
+	parts := strings.SplitN(content, cogitoToolSepTag, 2)
+	if len(parts) < 2 {
+		return api.ToolCall{}, errors.New("invalid format")
+	}
+	nameAndArgs := parts[1]
+
+	jsonStart := strings.Index(nameAndArgs, "\n```json\n")
+	if jsonStart == -1 {
+		return api.ToolCall{}, errors.New("invalid format")
+	}
+	toolName := strings.TrimSpace(nameAndArgs[:jsonStart])
+	jsonContent := nameAndArgs[jsonStart+len("\n```json\n"):]
+
+	jsonEnd := strings.Index(jsonContent, "\n```")
+	if jsonEnd == -1 {
+		return api.ToolCall{}, errors.New("invalid format")
+	}
+	argsJSON := jsonContent[:jsonEnd]
+
+	var args api.ToolCallFunctionArguments
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(argsJSON), &args); err != nil {
+		return api.ToolCall{}, err
+	}
+
+	return api.ToolCall{
+		Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+			Name:      toolName,
+			Arguments: args,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}

model/parsers/cogito_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+package parsers
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func TestCogitoParser(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name              string
+		input             string
+		expectedContent   string
+		expectedThinking  string
+		expectedToolCalls []api.ToolCall
+		tools             []api.Tool
+		lastMessage       *api.Message
+	}{
+		{
+			name:             "simple_content",
+			input:            "This is a simple response.",
+			expectedContent:  "This is a simple response.",
+			expectedThinking: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "thinking_only",
+			input:            "This is thinking content.</think>This is response content.",
+			expectedContent:  "This is response content.",
+			expectedThinking: "This is thinking content.",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool_call_simple",
+			input: `<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>`,
+			expectedToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name: "get_weather",
+						Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+							"location": "Paris",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			tools: []api.Tool{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: api.ToolFunction{
+						Name: "get_weather",
+						Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+							Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
+								"location": {Type: api.PropertyType{"string"}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking_with_tool_call",
+			input: `I need to check the weather.</think><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>`,
+			expectedContent:  "I need to check the weather.</think>",
+			expectedThinking: "", // No thinking when tools are present (Cogito-specific behavior)
+			expectedToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name: "get_weather",
+						Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+							"location": "Paris",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			tools: []api.Tool{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: api.ToolFunction{
+						Name: "get_weather",
+						Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+							Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
+								"location": {Type: api.PropertyType{"string"}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple_tool_calls",
+			input: `<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜>
+<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"London"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>`,
+			expectedToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name: "get_weather",
+						Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+							"location": "Paris",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name: "get_weather",
+						Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+							"location": "London",
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			tools: []api.Tool{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: api.ToolFunction{
+						Name: "get_weather",
+						Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+							Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
+								"location": {Type: api.PropertyType{"string"}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "complex_tool_arguments",
+			input: `<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>process_data
+` + "```json\n" + `{"items":["item1","item2"],"config":{"enabled":true,"threshold":0.95},"count":42}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>`,
+			expectedToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name: "process_data",
+						Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+							"items":  []any{"item1", "item2"},
+							"config": map[string]any{"enabled": true, "threshold": 0.95},
+							"count":  42.0,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "tool_output_parsing",
+			input:            `<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜><｜tool▁output▁begin｜>{"temperature": 22, "condition": "sunny"}<｜tool▁output▁end｜><｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>`,
+			expectedContent:  "",
+			expectedThinking: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking_with_multiline_content",
+			input: `This is line 1
+This is line 2
+This is line 3</think>Final response here.`,
+			expectedContent:  "Final response here.",
+			expectedThinking: "This is line 1\nThis is line 2\nThis is line 3",
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "no_thinking_simple",
+			input:            "This is content.",
+			expectedContent:  "This is content.",
+			expectedThinking: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "prefill_content_only",
+			input:           "Continuing from previous content.",
+			expectedContent: "Continuing from previous content.",
+			lastMessage: &api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "Previous content",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "prefill_with_thinking",
+			input:            "Continuing thinking</think>Continuing content.",
+			expectedContent:  "Continuing content.",
+			expectedThinking: "Continuing thinking",
+			lastMessage: &api.Message{
+				Role: "assistant",
+			},
+		},
+		// Edge cases
+		{
+			name:             "nested_think_tags_in_thinking",
+			input:            "I'm thinking <think>nested</think> more thinking</think>Final content.",
+			expectedContent:  "more thinking</think>Final content.",
+			expectedThinking: "I'm thinking <think>nested",
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "multiple_think_close_tags",
+			input:            "First thinking</think>Content</think>More content.",
+			expectedContent:  "Content</think>More content.",
+			expectedThinking: "First thinking",
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "empty_thinking_content",
+			input:            "</think>Just content here.",
+			expectedContent:  "</think>Just content here.",
+			expectedThinking: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "thinking_disabled_with_think_tags",
+			input:            "Content with </think> tags should be treated as content.",
+			expectedContent:  "Content with </think> tags should be treated as content.",
+			expectedThinking: "",
+			lastMessage: &api.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: "existing", // Forces non-thinking mode
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Use thinking-enabled parser for tests that expect thinking
+			hasThinking := tt.expectedThinking != ""
+			parser := &CogitoParser{}                                                  // it has thinking support
+			parser.Init(tt.tools, tt.lastMessage, &api.ThinkValue{Value: hasThinking}) // but we should set it with the request that the user wants
+
+			content, thinking, toolCalls, err := parser.Add(tt.input, true)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Add() error = %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.expectedContent, content); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("content mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.expectedThinking, thinking); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("thinking mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.expectedToolCalls, toolCalls); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("tool calls mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCogitoParser_Streaming(t *testing.T) {
+	parser := &CogitoParser{}
+	parser.Init(nil, nil, &api.ThinkValue{Value: true})
+
+	chunks := []string{
+		"This is ",
+		"thinking content",
+		".</think>This is ",
+		"content.<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>test_tool\n```json\n{\"arg\":\"value\"}\n```<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>",
+	}
+
+	var finalContent, finalThinking strings.Builder
+	var finalToolCalls []api.ToolCall
+
+	for i, chunk := range chunks {
+		done := i == len(chunks)-1
+		content, thinking, toolCalls, err := parser.Add(chunk, done)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Add() error on chunk %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+
+		finalContent.WriteString(content)
+		finalThinking.WriteString(thinking)
+		finalToolCalls = append(finalToolCalls, toolCalls...)
+	}
+
+	expectedContent := "This is content."
+	expectedThinking := "This is thinking content."
+	expectedToolCalls := []api.ToolCall{
+		{
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "test_tool",
+				Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+					"arg": "value",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	if finalContent.String() != expectedContent {
+		t.Errorf("expected content %q, got %q", expectedContent, finalContent.String())
+	}
+
+	if finalThinking.String() != expectedThinking {
+		t.Errorf("expected thinking %q, got %q", expectedThinking, finalThinking.String())
+	}
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(expectedToolCalls, finalToolCalls); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("tool calls mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCogitoParser_StreamingEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name               string
+		chunks             []string
+		expectedContent    string
+		expectedThinking   string
+		expectedToolCalls  []api.ToolCall
+		hasThinkingSupport bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "split_thinking_tag",
+			chunks: []string{
+				"This is thinking content</thi",
+				"nk>This is content.",
+			},
+			expectedContent:    "This is content.",
+			expectedThinking:   "This is thinking content",
+			hasThinkingSupport: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "split_tool_calls_begin_tag_conservative_parsing",
+			chunks: []string{
+				"Content before<｜tool▁calls▁beg",
+				"in｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>test\n```json\n{}\n```<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>",
+			},
+			// Parser is conservative - treats incomplete tags as content
+			expectedContent:    "Content before<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>test\n```json\n{}\n```<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>",
+			expectedToolCalls:  nil,
+			hasThinkingSupport: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking_disabled_with_split_tags",
+			chunks: []string{
+				"Content with </thi",
+				"nk> should be treated as content.",
+			},
+			expectedContent:    "Content with </think> should be treated as content.",
+			expectedThinking:   "",
+			hasThinkingSupport: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			parser := &CogitoParser{}
+			parser.Init(nil, nil, &api.ThinkValue{Value: tt.hasThinkingSupport})
+
+			var finalContent, finalThinking strings.Builder
+			var finalToolCalls []api.ToolCall
+
+			for i, chunk := range tt.chunks {
+				done := i == len(tt.chunks)-1
+				content, thinking, toolCalls, err := parser.Add(chunk, done)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Add() error on chunk %d: %v", i, err)
+				}
+
+				finalContent.WriteString(content)
+				finalThinking.WriteString(thinking)
+				finalToolCalls = append(finalToolCalls, toolCalls...)
+			}
+
+			if finalContent.String() != tt.expectedContent {
+				t.Errorf("expected content %q, got %q", tt.expectedContent, finalContent.String())
+			}
+
+			if finalThinking.String() != tt.expectedThinking {
+				t.Errorf("expected thinking %q, got %q", tt.expectedThinking, finalThinking.String())
+			}
+
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.expectedToolCalls, finalToolCalls); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("tool calls mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCogitoParser_HasToolSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	parser := &CogitoParser{}
+	if !parser.HasToolSupport() {
+		t.Error("CogitoParser should support tools")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCogitoParser_Init(t *testing.T) {
+	parser := &CogitoParser{}
+
+	tools := []api.Tool{
+		{Function: api.ToolFunction{Name: "test_tool"}},
+	}
+
+	lastMessage := &api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "previous"}
+
+	returnedTools := parser.Init(tools, lastMessage, nil)
+
+	if len(returnedTools) != len(tools) {
+		t.Errorf("expected %d tools returned, got %d", len(tools), len(returnedTools))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCogitoParser_parseToolCallContent(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		content     string
+		expected    api.ToolCall
+		expectError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "valid_tool_call_standard_format",
+			content: `function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```",
+			expected: api.ToolCall{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "get_weather",
+					Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+						"location": "Paris",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid_tool_call_complex_args",
+			content: `function<｜tool▁sep｜>process_data
+` + "```json\n" + `{"items":["item1","item2"],"config":{"enabled":true},"count":42}
+` + "```",
+			expected: api.ToolCall{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "process_data",
+					Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+						"items":  []any{"item1", "item2"},
+						"config": map[string]any{"enabled": true},
+						"count":  42.0,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "valid_tool_call_empty_args",
+			content: `function<｜tool▁sep｜>no_args_tool
+` + "```json\n" + `{}
+` + "```",
+			expected: api.ToolCall{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      "no_args_tool",
+					Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{},
+				},
+			},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "missing_separator",
+			content:     `functionget_weather` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}` + "\n```",
+			expected:    api.ToolCall{},
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid_function_type",
+			content:     `not_function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}` + "\n```",
+			expected:    api.ToolCall{},
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "missing_json_block_start",
+			content:     `function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather{"location":"Paris"}` + "```",
+			expected:    api.ToolCall{},
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "missing_json_block_end",
+			content:     `function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}`,
+			expected:    api.ToolCall{},
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "invalid_json",
+			content:     `function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather` + "```json\n" + `{location:Paris}` + "\n```",
+			expected:    api.ToolCall{},
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "empty_function_type",
+			content:     `<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}` + "\n```",
+			expected:    api.ToolCall{},
+			expectError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool_with_spaces_in_name",
+			content: `function<｜tool▁sep｜>  get_weather  
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```",
+			expected: api.ToolCall{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "get_weather",
+					Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+						"location": "Paris",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool_with_multiline_json",
+			content: `function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{
+  "location": "Paris",
+  "units": "metric"
+}
+` + "```",
+			expected: api.ToolCall{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "get_weather",
+					Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+						"location": "Paris",
+						"units":    "metric",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool_with_nested_objects",
+			content: `function<｜tool▁sep｜>complex_tool
+` + "```json\n" + `{"nested":{"deep":{"value":123}}}
+` + "```",
+			expected: api.ToolCall{
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "complex_tool",
+					Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+						"nested": map[string]any{
+							"deep": map[string]any{
+								"value": 123.0,
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectError: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			parser := &CogitoParser{}
+
+			result, err := parser.parseToolCallContent(tt.content)
+
+			if tt.expectError {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("expected error but got none")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.expected, result); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("tool call mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

model/parsers/parsers.go

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Parser interface {
-	// Init initializes the parser with tools and optional last message for chat prefill
+	// Init initializes the parser with tools, optional last message for chat prefill, and think value
 	// Returns processed tools if the parser needs to modify them (e.g., harmony renames them)
-	Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message) []api.Tool
+	Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) []api.Tool
 	// Add processes streamed content and returns parsed content, thinking, and tool calls
 	// The done flag indicates if this is the last chunk (used for draining accumulators)
 	Add(s string, done bool) (content string, thinking string, calls []api.ToolCall, err error)
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ func ParserForName(name string) Parser {
 		return &PassthroughParser{}
 	case "harmony":
 		return harmony.NewHarmonyMessageHandler()
+	case "cogito":
+		return &CogitoParser{}
 	default:
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ func ParserForName(name string) Parser {
 
 type PassthroughParser struct{}
 
-func (p *PassthroughParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message) []api.Tool {
+func (p *PassthroughParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) []api.Tool {
 	return tools // passthrough doesn't modify tools
 }
 

model/parsers/parsers_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ type mockParser struct {
 	name string
 }
 
-func (m *mockParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message) []api.Tool {
+func (m *mockParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) []api.Tool {
 	return tools
 }
 

model/parsers/qwen3coder.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (p *Qwen3CoderParser) HasThinkingSupport() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func (p *Qwen3CoderParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message) []api.Tool {
+func (p *Qwen3CoderParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) []api.Tool {
 	p.tools = tools
 	return tools // Qwen doesn't modify tools
 }
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ func transformToXML(raw string) string {
 		groups := qwenTagRegex.FindStringSubmatch(match)
 		tag := groups[1]
 		var escapedValue strings.Builder
-		xml.EscapeText(&escapedValue, []byte(groups[2]))
+		_ = xml.EscapeText(&escapedValue, []byte(groups[2])) // error is always nil for strings.Builder
 		return fmt.Sprintf(`<%s name="%s">`, tag, escapedValue.String())
 	})
 

model/parsers/qwen3vl.go

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func (p *Qwen3VLParser) setInitialState(lastMessage *api.Message) {
 	p.state = CollectingThinkingContent
 }
 
-func (p *Qwen3VLParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message) []api.Tool {
+func (p *Qwen3VLParser) Init(tools []api.Tool, lastMessage *api.Message, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) []api.Tool {
 	p.tools = tools
 	p.setInitialState(lastMessage)
 	return tools

model/parsers/qwen3vl_nonthinking_test.go

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLNonThinkingParserStreaming(t *testing.T) {
 
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: false}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil, nil)
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
 				parser.buffer.WriteString(step.input)
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ func TestQwenOldParserStreaming(t *testing.T) {
 
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: false}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil, nil)
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
 				parser.buffer.WriteString(step.input)
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLNonThinkingToolCallWhitespaceHandling(t *testing.T) {
 
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: false}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil, nil)
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
 				parser.buffer.WriteString(step.input)

model/parsers/qwen3vl_thinking_test.go

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLThinkingParserStreaming(t *testing.T) {
 
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: true}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil, nil)
 			// parser.state = CollectingThinkingContent
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLParserState(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: tc.hasThinking}
-		parser.Init(nil, tc.last)
+		parser.Init(nil, tc.last, nil)
 		if parser.state != tc.wantState {
 			t.Errorf("%s: got state %v, want %v", tc.desc, parser.state, tc.wantState)
 		}
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLThinkingParserWithThinkingPrefill(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: true}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, last)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, last, nil)
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
 				parser.buffer.WriteString(step.input)
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLThinkingParserWithNonThinkingPrefill(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: true}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, last)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, last, nil)
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
 				parser.buffer.WriteString(step.input)
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLThinkingParserStreamingAssistantPrefillContent(t *testing.T) {
 	// last message is assistant with content ⇒ start in CollectingContent
 	last := &api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "has content"}
 	parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: true}
-	parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, last)
+	parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, last, nil)
 
 	type step struct {
 		input      string
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLThinkingWhitespaceHandling(t *testing.T) {
 
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: true}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, nil, nil)
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
 				parser.buffer.WriteString(step.input)
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ func TestQwen3VLToolCallWhitespaceHandling(t *testing.T) {
 
 		t.Run(tc.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			parser := Qwen3VLParser{hasThinkingSupport: true}
-			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, tc.prefillMsg)
+			parser.Init([]api.Tool{}, tc.prefillMsg, nil)
 
 			for i, step := range tc.steps {
 				parser.buffer.WriteString(step.input)

model/renderers/cogito.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package renderers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type CogitoRenderer struct {
+	isThinking bool
+}
+
+func (r *CogitoRenderer) Render(messages []api.Message, tools []api.Tool, thinkValue *api.ThinkValue) (string, error) {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+
+	defaultPrompt := "You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco."
+
+	// thinking is enabled: model must support it AND user must request it (true)
+	enableThinking := r.isThinking && (thinkValue != nil && thinkValue.Bool())
+
+	var systemPrompt string
+	var conversationMessages []api.Message
+
+	if len(messages) > 0 && messages[0].Role == "system" {
+		systemPrompt = messages[0].Content
+		conversationMessages = messages[1:]
+	} else {
+		conversationMessages = messages
+	}
+
+	var finalSystemPrompt string
+	if enableThinking {
+		finalSystemPrompt = "Enable deep thinking subroutine.\n\n" + defaultPrompt
+		if systemPrompt != "" {
+			finalSystemPrompt += "\n\n" + systemPrompt + "\n\n"
+		}
+	} else {
+		finalSystemPrompt = defaultPrompt
+		if systemPrompt != "" {
+			finalSystemPrompt += "\n\n" + systemPrompt
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(tools) > 0 {
+		if finalSystemPrompt != "" {
+			finalSystemPrompt += "\nYou have the following functions available:\n"
+		} else {
+			finalSystemPrompt = "You have the following functions available:\n"
+		}
+
+		for _, tool := range tools {
+			toolJSON, _ := json.MarshalIndent(tool, "", "    ") // TODO(gguo): double check json format
+			finalSystemPrompt += "```json\n" + string(toolJSON) + "\n```\n"
+		}
+	}
+
+	sb.WriteString("<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>" + finalSystemPrompt)
+
+	outputsOpen := false
+	isLastUser := false
+
+	for i, message := range conversationMessages {
+		switch message.Role {
+		case "user":
+			isLastUser = true
+			sb.WriteString("<｜User｜>" + message.Content + "<｜Assistant｜>")
+
+		case "assistant":
+			isLastUser = false
+
+			if len(message.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+				if message.Content != "" {
+					sb.WriteString(message.Content)
+				}
+
+				sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>")
+
+				for j, toolCall := range message.ToolCalls {
+					sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>" + toolCall.Function.Name)
+
+					argsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(toolCall.Function.Arguments)
+					sb.WriteString("\n```json\n" + string(argsJSON) + "\n```")
+					sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁call▁end｜>")
+
+					if j < len(message.ToolCalls)-1 {
+						sb.WriteString("\n")
+					}
+				}
+
+				sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜>")
+			} else {
+				sb.WriteString(message.Content + "<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>")
+			}
+
+		case "tool":
+			isLastUser = false
+
+			if !outputsOpen {
+				sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜>")
+				outputsOpen = true
+			}
+
+			sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁output▁begin｜>" + message.Content + "<｜tool▁output▁end｜>")
+
+			hasNextTool := i+1 < len(conversationMessages) && conversationMessages[i+1].Role == "tool"
+			if hasNextTool {
+				sb.WriteString("\n")
+			} else {
+				sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>")
+				outputsOpen = false
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if outputsOpen {
+		sb.WriteString("<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>")
+	}
+
+	if !isLastUser {
+		sb.WriteString("<｜Assistant｜>")
+	}
+
+	if enableThinking {
+		sb.WriteString("<think>\n")
+	}
+
+	return sb.String(), nil
+}

model/renderers/cogito_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+package renderers
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+func TestCogitoRenderer(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		messages   []api.Message
+		tools      []api.Tool
+		thinkValue *api.ThinkValue
+		expected   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "basic user message",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello, how are you?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello, how are you?<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "basic with system message",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are a helpful assistant."},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello, how are you?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+
+You are a helpful assistant.<｜User｜>Hello, how are you?<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "conversation with assistant response",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "What is the capital of France?"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "The capital of France is Paris."},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Fantastic!"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>What is the capital of France?<｜Assistant｜>The capital of France is Paris.<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>Fantastic!<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking enabled without system",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello, how are you?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello, how are you?<｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking enabled with system",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are a helpful assistant."},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello, how are you?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+
+You are a helpful assistant.
+
+<｜User｜>Hello, how are you?<｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking disabled",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello, how are you?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello, how are you?<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with tools",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather like?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			tools: []api.Tool{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: api.ToolFunction{
+						Name:        "get_weather",
+						Description: "Get current weather",
+						Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+							Type: "object",
+							Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
+								"location": {
+									Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+									Description: "City name",
+								},
+							},
+							Required: []string{"location"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+You have the following functions available:
+` + "```json\n" + `{
+    "type": "function",
+    "function": {
+        "name": "get_weather",
+        "description": "Get current weather",
+        "parameters": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "required": [
+                "location"
+            ],
+            "properties": {
+                "location": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "description": "City name"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+` + "```\n" + `<｜User｜>What's the weather like?<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "assistant with tool calls",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather in Paris?"},
+				{
+					Role:    "assistant",
+					Content: "I'll check the weather in Paris for you.",
+					ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+						{
+							Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+								Name: "get_weather",
+								Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+									"location": "Paris",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>What's the weather in Paris?<｜Assistant｜>I'll check the weather in Paris for you.<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool response",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather in Paris?"},
+				{
+					Role: "assistant",
+					ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+						{
+							Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+								Name: "get_weather",
+								Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+									"location": "Paris",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{Role: "tool", Content: "Temperature: 22°C, Sunny"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>What's the weather in Paris?<｜Assistant｜><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜><｜tool▁output▁begin｜>Temperature: 22°C, Sunny<｜tool▁output▁end｜><｜tool▁outputs▁end｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple tool responses",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Get weather for Paris and London"},
+				{
+					Role: "assistant",
+					ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+						{
+							Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+								Name: "get_weather",
+								Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+									"location": "Paris",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+								Name: "get_weather",
+								Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+									"location": "London",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				{Role: "tool", Content: "Paris: 22°C, Sunny"},
+				{Role: "tool", Content: "London: 18°C, Cloudy"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Get weather for Paris and London<｜Assistant｜><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜>
+<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"London"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜><｜tool▁output▁begin｜>Paris: 22°C, Sunny<｜tool▁output▁end｜>
+<｜tool▁output▁begin｜>London: 18°C, Cloudy<｜tool▁output▁end｜><｜tool▁outputs▁end｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking with tools",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather like?"},
+			},
+			tools: []api.Tool{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: api.ToolFunction{
+						Name:        "get_weather",
+						Description: "Get current weather",
+						Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+							Type: "object",
+							Properties: map[string]api.ToolProperty{
+								"location": {
+									Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+									Description: "City name",
+								},
+							},
+							Required: []string{"location"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+You have the following functions available:
+` + "```json\n" + `{
+    "type": "function",
+    "function": {
+        "name": "get_weather",
+        "description": "Get current weather",
+        "parameters": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "required": [
+                "location"
+            ],
+            "properties": {
+                "location": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "description": "City name"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+` + "```\n" + `<｜User｜>What's the weather like?<｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		// test cases based on cogito
+		{
+			name: "single_turn_thinking_false",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single_turn_thinking_true",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello<｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi_turn_thinking_false",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Hi there!"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "How are you?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello<｜Assistant｜>Hi there!<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>How are you?<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi_turn_thinking_true",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Hi there!"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "How are you?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello<｜Assistant｜>Hi there!<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>How are you?<｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi_with_system_thinking_false",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are a helpful assistant"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Start"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Okay"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+
+You are a helpful assistant<｜User｜>Start<｜Assistant｜>Okay<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi_with_system_thinking_true",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are a helpful assistant"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Start"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Okay"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+
+You are a helpful assistant
+
+<｜User｜>Start<｜Assistant｜>Okay<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi_with_system2_thinking_false",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are a pirate chatbot who always responds in pirate speak!"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Give me a short introduction to LLMs."},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Arrr! I'm a pirate"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Tell me more about LLMs."},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+
+You are a pirate chatbot who always responds in pirate speak!<｜User｜>Give me a short introduction to LLMs.<｜Assistant｜>Arrr! I'm a pirate<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>Tell me more about LLMs.<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi_with_system2_thinking_true",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are a pirate chatbot who always responds in pirate speak!"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Give me a short introduction to LLMs."},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Arrr! I'm a pirate"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Tell me more about LLMs."},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+
+You are a pirate chatbot who always responds in pirate speak!
+
+<｜User｜>Give me a short introduction to LLMs.<｜Assistant｜>Arrr! I'm a pirate<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>Tell me more about LLMs.<｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		// tools
+		{
+			name: "tool_calls_only_no_content",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Get weather for Paris"},
+				{
+					Role: "assistant",
+					ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+						{
+							Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+								Name: "get_weather",
+								Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+									"location": "Paris",
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Get weather for Paris<｜Assistant｜><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>get_weather
+` + "```json\n" + `{"location":"Paris"}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "complex_tool_arguments",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Process complex data"},
+				{
+					Role: "assistant",
+					ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+						{
+							Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+								Name: "process_data",
+								Arguments: api.ToolCallFunctionArguments{
+									"items": []any{"item1", "item2", "item3"},
+									"config": map[string]any{
+										"enabled":   true,
+										"threshold": 0.95,
+										"tags":      []string{"important", "urgent"},
+									},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Process complex data<｜Assistant｜><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>process_data
+` + "```json\n" + `{"config":{"enabled":true,"tags":["important","urgent"],"threshold":0.95},"items":["item1","item2","item3"]}
+` + "```" + `<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty_messages",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: ""},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: ""},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hello<｜Assistant｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking_with_empty_assistant_content",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Think about this"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: ""},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: true},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>Enable deep thinking subroutine.
+
+You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Think about this<｜Assistant｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜><think>
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple_system_messages",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "First instruction"},
+				{Role: "system", Content: "Second instruction"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected: `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.
+
+First instruction<｜User｜>Hello<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "special_characters_in_content",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "What about <|special|> tokens and \"quotes\"?"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "They're handled normally in content."},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>What about <|special|> tokens and "quotes"?<｜Assistant｜>They're handled normally in content.<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "long_conversation_multiple_rounds",
+			messages: []api.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hi"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Hello!"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "How are you?"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Good, thanks!"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather?"},
+			},
+			thinkValue: &api.ThinkValue{Value: false},
+			expected:   `<｜begin▁of▁sentence｜>You are Cogito, an AI assistant created by Deep Cogito, which is an AI research lab based in San Francisco.<｜User｜>Hi<｜Assistant｜>Hello!<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>How are you?<｜Assistant｜>Good, thanks!<｜end▁of▁sentence｜><｜User｜>What's the weather?<｜Assistant｜>`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	renderer := &CogitoRenderer{isThinking: true}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			rendered, err := renderer.Render(tt.messages, tt.tools, tt.thinkValue)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Render() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.expected, rendered); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("Render() mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

model/renderers/renderer.go

@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ func rendererForName(name string) Renderer {
 	case "qwen3-vl-thinking":
 		renderer := &Qwen3VLRenderer{isThinking: true, useImgTags: RenderImgTags}
 		return renderer
+	case "cogito":
+		renderer := &CogitoRenderer{isThinking: true}
+		return renderer
 	default:
 		return nil
 	}

model/sentencepiece.go

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ func (spm SentencePiece) Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if addSpecial && len(ids) > 0 {
+	if addSpecial {
 		ids = spm.vocab.addSpecials(ids)
 	}
 

model/vocabulary.go

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func (v *Vocabulary) Is(id int32, special Special) bool {
 
 func (v *Vocabulary) addSpecials(ids []int32) []int32 {
 	if v.AddBOS && len(v.BOS) > 0 {
-		if slices.Contains(v.BOS, ids[0]) {
+		if len(ids) > 0 && slices.Contains(v.BOS, ids[0]) {
 			slog.Warn("adding bos token to prompt which already has it", "id", v.BOS)
 		}
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func (v *Vocabulary) addSpecials(ids []int32) []int32 {
 	}
 
 	if v.AddEOS && len(v.EOS) > 0 {
-		if slices.Contains(v.BOS, ids[len(ids)-1]) {
+		if len(ids) > 0 && slices.Contains(v.BOS, ids[len(ids)-1]) {
 			slog.Warn("adding eos token to prompt which already has it", "id", v.EOS)
 		}
 

model/vocabulary_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 package model
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"testing"
 
-func TestVocabulary_SpecialVocabulary(t *testing.T) {
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+)
+
+func TestSpecialVocabulary(t *testing.T) {
 	vocab := &Vocabulary{
 		Values: []string{"<|startoftext|>", "<|endoftext|>", "<|tool_call_start|>", "<|tool_call_end|>", "hi"},
 		Types:  []int32{TOKEN_TYPE_CONTROL, TOKEN_TYPE_CONTROL, TOKEN_TYPE_USER_DEFINED, TOKEN_TYPE_USER_DEFINED, TOKEN_TYPE_NORMAL},
@@ -14,3 +18,90 @@ func TestVocabulary_SpecialVocabulary(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected 4 special tokens, got %d", len(specialVocab))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestAddSpecialVocabulary(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		vocab *Vocabulary
+		input []int32
+		want  []int32
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "add bos",
+			vocab: &Vocabulary{
+				BOS:    []int32{0},
+				EOS:    []int32{1},
+				AddBOS: true,
+				AddEOS: false,
+			},
+			input: []int32{2, 3, 4},
+			want:  []int32{0, 2, 3, 4},
+		},
+		{
+			// TODO(mxyng): this is to match previous behaviour
+			name: "add bos when already present",
+			vocab: &Vocabulary{
+				BOS:    []int32{0},
+				EOS:    []int32{1},
+				AddBOS: true,
+				AddEOS: false,
+			},
+			input: []int32{0, 2, 3, 4},
+			want:  []int32{0, 0, 2, 3, 4},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "add eos",
+			vocab: &Vocabulary{
+				BOS:    []int32{0},
+				EOS:    []int32{1},
+				AddBOS: false,
+				AddEOS: true,
+			},
+			input: []int32{2, 3, 4},
+			want:  []int32{2, 3, 4, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			// TODO(mxyng): this is to match previous behaviour
+			name: "add eos when already present",
+			vocab: &Vocabulary{
+				BOS:    []int32{0},
+				EOS:    []int32{1},
+				AddBOS: false,
+				AddEOS: true,
+			},
+			input: []int32{2, 3, 4, 1},
+			want:  []int32{2, 3, 4, 1, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "add both",
+			vocab: &Vocabulary{
+				BOS:    []int32{0},
+				EOS:    []int32{1},
+				AddBOS: true,
+				AddEOS: true,
+			},
+			input: []int32{2, 3, 4},
+			want:  []int32{0, 2, 3, 4, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "add bos to empty inputs",
+			vocab: &Vocabulary{
+				BOS:    []int32{0},
+				EOS:    []int32{1},
+				AddBOS: true,
+				AddEOS: false,
+			},
+			input: []int32{},
+			want:  []int32{0},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := tt.vocab.addSpecials(tt.input)
+			if diff := cmp.Diff(tt.want, got); diff != "" {
+				t.Errorf("no match (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

model/wordpiece.go

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 type WordPiece struct {
-	vocab *Vocabulary
+	vocab     *Vocabulary
+	lowercase bool
 }
 
 // ggmlPrefix is the prefix used by GGML vocabularies to indicate word boundaries.
@@ -114,8 +115,10 @@ func (wpm WordPiece) Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error) {
 					subword = ggmlPrefix + subword
 				}
 
-				// TODO: some models might not want [ToLower]
-				piece = wpm.vocab.Encode(strings.ToLower(subword))
+				if wpm.lowercase {
+					subword = strings.ToLower(subword)
+				}
+				piece = wpm.vocab.Encode(subword)
 				if piece >= 0 {
 					break
 				}
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ func (wpm WordPiece) Encode(s string, addSpecial bool) ([]int32, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if addSpecial && len(ids) > 0 {
+	if addSpecial {
 		ids = wpm.vocab.addSpecials(ids)
 	}
 
@@ -160,8 +163,9 @@ func (wpm WordPiece) Vocabulary() *Vocabulary {
 
 var _ TextProcessor = (*WordPiece)(nil)
 
-func NewWordPiece(vocab *Vocabulary) WordPiece {
+func NewWordPiece(vocab *Vocabulary, lowercase bool) WordPiece {
 	return WordPiece{
-		vocab: vocab,
+		vocab:     vocab,
+		lowercase: lowercase,
 	}
 }

model/wordpiece_test.go

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ func TestWordPiece(t *testing.T) {
 			AddEOS: true,
 			BOS:    []int32{1},
 			EOS:    []int32{2},
-		})
+		},
+		true, // lowercase
+	)
 
 	ids, err := wpm.Encode("Hello world!", true)
 	if err != nil {

server/internal/client/ollama/registry.go

@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ func (r *Registry) Pull(ctx context.Context, name string) error {
 			for cs, err := range r.chunksums(ctx, name, l) {
 				if err != nil {
 					// Note the chunksum stream
-					// interuption, but do not cancel
+					// interruption, but do not cancel
 					// in-flight downloads. We can still
 					// make progress on them. Once they are
 					// done, ErrIncomplete will be returned

server/internal/manifest/manifest.go

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
 // # Manifests
 //
 // A manifest is a JSON object that describes a model. The JSON object has a
-// single field "layers" which is a list of layers that make up the model. Each
-// layer has the following fields:
-//
+// single field "layers" which is a list of layers that make up the model.
 // A layer is a single, logical unit of a model. Layers are stored in the cache
 // as files with the name of the digest of the layer. Layers are pushed and
 // pulled from the registry as blobs.

server/quantization.go

@@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ func quantize(in, out *os.File, orig *fsggml.GGML, newFileType fsggml.FileType,
 	origTensors := orig.Tensors().Items()
 	outputTensors := make([]*fsggml.Tensor, len(origTensors))
 	for i, tensor := range origTensors {
-		tensor := tensor
 		newType := newType(tensor, kv, qs, newFileType)
 		newTensor := &fsggml.Tensor{
 			Name:  tensor.Name,

server/routes.go

@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ func (s *Server) GenerateHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 		builtinParser = parsers.ParserForName(m.Config.Parser)
 		if builtinParser != nil {
 			// no tools or last message for generate endpoint
-			builtinParser.Init(nil, nil)
+			builtinParser.Init(nil, nil, req.Think)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2051,7 +2051,7 @@ func (s *Server) ChatHandler(c *gin.Context) {
 				lastMessage = &msgs[len(msgs)-1]
 			}
 			// Initialize parser and get processed tools
-			processedTools = builtinParser.Init(req.Tools, lastMessage)
+			processedTools = builtinParser.Init(req.Tools, lastMessage, req.Think)
 		}
 	}
 

template/template_test.go

@@ -219,7 +219,6 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range validCases {
-		tt := tt
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()