win: fix dependency gathering

Shorten long-tail on build, and get OllamaSetup.exe back under 2g limit

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo GOFLAGS="'-ldflags=-w -s \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/version.Version=${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}\" \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/server.mode=release\"'" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo VERSION="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo vendorsha=$(make -f Makefile.sync print-base) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo vendorsha=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
   darwin-build:
-    runs-on: macos-14-xlarge
+    runs-on: macos-26-xlarge
     environment: release
     needs: setup-environment
     env:
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
       - run: |
           ./scripts/build_darwin.sh
       - name: Log build results
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ jobs:
             flags: ''
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
-            preset: 'ROCm 6'
-            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q4-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe
-            rocm-version: '6.2'
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
+            preset: 'ROCm 7'
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
+            flags: '-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
             runner_dir: 'rocm'
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
@@ -117,6 +117,25 @@ jobs:
             install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
             flags: ''
             runner_dir: 'vulkan'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
+            cudnn-install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cudnn/redist/cudnn/windows-x86_64/cudnn-windows-x86_64-9.18.1.3_cuda13-archive.zip
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+              - '"cufft"'
+              - '"cufft_dev"'
+              - '"nvrtc"'
+              - '"nvrtc_dev"'
+              - '"crt"'
+              - '"nvvm"'
+              - '"nvptxcompiler"'
+            cuda-version: '13.0'
+            flags: ''
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
     environment: release
     env:
@@ -125,8 +144,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install system dependencies
         run: |
           choco install -y --no-progress ccache ninja
-          ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
-      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan')
+          if (Get-Command ccache -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+            ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          }
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
         id: cache-install
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         with:
@@ -134,8 +155,9 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
-      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ')
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
         name: Install CUDA ${{ matrix.cuda-version }}
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
@@ -179,6 +201,23 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo "CC=clang.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
           echo "CXX=clang++.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
+        name: Install cuDNN for MLX
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          $cudnnRoot = "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}" -OutFile "cudnn.zip"
+            Expand-Archive -Path cudnn.zip -DestinationPath cudnn-extracted
+            $cudnnDir = (Get-ChildItem -Path cudnn-extracted -Directory)[0].FullName
+            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $cudnnRoot
+            Copy-Item -Path "$cudnnDir\*" -Destination "$cudnnRoot\" -Recurse
+          }
+
+          echo "CUDNN_ROOT_DIR=$cudnnRoot" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_INCLUDE_PATH=$cudnnRoot\include" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_LIBRARY_PATH=$cudnnRoot\lib\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "$cudnnRoot\bin\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
       - if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
         uses: actions/cache/save@v4
         with:
@@ -186,20 +225,77 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
           key: ccache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - name: Build target "${{ matrix.preset }}"
+      - name: Build MLX
+        if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
         run: |
           Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
           Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
-          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }} --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
-          cmake --build --parallel ([Environment]::ProcessorCount) --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}"
-          cmake --install build --component "${{ startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') && 'CUDA' || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') && 'HIP' || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan') && 'Vulkan' || 'CPU' }}" --strip
-          Remove-Item -Path dist\lib\ollama\rocm\rocblas\library\*gfx906* -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }} "-DCMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS=-t 6" --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          cmake --build --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" -- -j 16
+          cmake --install build --component MLX --strip
+        env:
+          CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      - name: Build llama-server
+        if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        run: |
+          Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
+          Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
+          cmake -S llama\server --preset cpu --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          cmake --build build\llama-server-cpu -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
+          cmake --install build\llama-server-cpu --component llama-server --strip
+        env:
+          CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      - name: Build llama-server (CUDA)
+        if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ')
+        run: |
+          Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
+          Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
+          $cudaVer = "${{ matrix.preset }}".Replace('CUDA ', '').Replace(' ', '')
+          $preset = "cuda-v$cudaVer"
+          if ($cudaVer -eq "13") { $preset = "cuda-v13-windows" }
+          $buildDir = "build\llama-server-cuda-v$cudaVer"
+          cmake -S llama\server --preset $preset ${{ matrix.flags }} --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          cmake --build $buildDir -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
+          cmake --install $buildDir --component llama-server --strip
+        env:
+          CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      - name: Build llama-server (ROCm)
+        if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ')
+        run: |
+          Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
+          Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
+          $hipPath = $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
+          $env:HIPCXX = "$hipPath\bin\clang++.exe"
+          $env:HIP_PLATFORM = "amd"
+          $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH = "$hipPath"
+          $env:CC = "$hipPath\bin\clang.exe"
+          $env:CXX = "$hipPath\bin\clang++.exe"
+          cmake -S llama\server --preset rocm -G Ninja `
+              -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF `
+              -DCMAKE_HIP_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4" `
+              -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" `
+              -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" `
+              -DAMDGPU_TARGETS="gfx942;gfx950;gfx1010;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1103;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx908:xnack-;gfx90a:xnack+;gfx90a:xnack-" `
+              --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          cmake --build build\llama-server-rocm -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
+          cmake --install build\llama-server-rocm --component llama-server --strip
+        env:
+          CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      - name: Build llama-server (Vulkan)
+        if: matrix.preset == 'Vulkan'
+        run: |
+          Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
+          Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
+          cmake -S llama\server --preset vulkan --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          cmake --build build\llama-server-vulkan -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
+          cmake --install build\llama-server-vulkan --component llama-server --strip
         env:
           CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
       - name: Log build results
@@ -257,7 +353,7 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
       - name: Verify gcc is actually clang
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference='Continue'
@@ -313,7 +409,7 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           pattern: depends-windows*
@@ -347,9 +443,6 @@ jobs:
           - os: linux
             arch: amd64
             target: archive
-          - os: linux
-            arch: amd64
-            target: rocm
           - os: linux
             arch: arm64
             target: archive
@@ -381,9 +474,11 @@ jobs:
             case "$COMPONENT" in
               bin/ollama*)               echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/*.so*)          echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/llama-server*|lib/ollama/llama-quantize*)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/cuda_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/vulkan*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/mlx*)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/mlx*)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/include*)       echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
               lib/ollama/rocm)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;
@@ -398,7 +493,7 @@ jobs:
           done
       - run: |
           for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
-            tar c -C dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }} -T $ARCHIVE --owner 0 --group 0 | zstd --ultra -22 -T0 >$(basename ${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tar.zst);
+            tar c -C dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }} -T $ARCHIVE --owner 0 --group 0 | zstd -9 -T0 >$(basename ${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tar.zst);
           done
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -417,12 +512,14 @@ jobs:
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
+              APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
           - os: linux
             arch: amd64
             build-args: |
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
+              APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
           - os: linux
             arch: amd64
             suffix: '-rocm'
@@ -431,6 +528,7 @@ jobs:
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
               FLAVOR=rocm
+              APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
     environment: release
     needs: setup-environment
@@ -543,11 +641,19 @@ jobs:
           for payload in dist/*.txt dist/*.zip dist/*.tgz dist/*.tar.zst dist/*.exe dist/*.dmg dist/*.ps1 dist/*.sh ; do
             echo "Uploading $payload"
             gh release upload ${GITHUB_REF_NAME} $payload --clobber &
-            pids[$!]=$!
+            pids+=($!)
             sleep 1
           done
           echo "Waiting for uploads to complete"
-          for pid in "${pids[*]}"; do
-            wait $pid
+          failed=0
+          for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
+            if ! wait $pid; then
+              echo "::error::Upload failed (pid $pid)"
+              failed=1
+            fi
           done
+          if [ $failed -ne 0 ]; then
+            echo "One or more uploads failed"
+            exit 1
+          fi
           echo "done"

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ jobs:
               | xargs python3 -c "import sys; from pathlib import Path; print(any(Path(x).match(glob) for x in sys.argv[1:] for glob in '$*'.split(' ')))"
           }
 
-          echo changed=$(changed 'llama/llama.cpp/**/*' 'ml/backend/ggml/ggml/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo vendorsha=$(make -f Makefile.sync print-base) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo changed=$(changed 'llama/server/**/*' 'LLAMA_CPP_VERSION' '.github/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo vendorsha=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
   linux:
     needs: [changes]
@@ -47,19 +47,33 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - preset: CPU
+            server_preset: cpu
+            server_build_dir: build/llama-server-cpu
           - preset: CUDA
             container: nvidia/cuda:13.0.0-devel-ubuntu22.04
             flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87'
+            server_preset: cuda-v13
+            server_build_dir: build/llama-server-cuda-v13
           - preset: ROCm
-            container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-22.04:6.1.2
+            container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-22.04:7.2.1
             extra-packages: rocm-libs
             flags: '-DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/rocm'
+            server_preset: rocm
+            server_build_dir: build/llama-server-rocm
           - preset: Vulkan
             container: ubuntu:22.04
             extra-packages: >
               mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-tools
               libvulkan1 libvulkan-dev
               vulkan-sdk cmake ccache g++ make
+            server_preset: vulkan
+            server_build_dir: build/llama-server-vulkan
+          - preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            container: nvidia/cuda:13.0.0-devel-ubuntu22.04
+            extra-packages: libcudnn9-dev-cuda-13 libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev liblapacke-dev git curl
+            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87 -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu'
+            install-go: true
+            mlx_preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
     runs-on: linux
     container: ${{ matrix.container }}
     steps:
@@ -75,20 +89,35 @@ jobs:
             echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/lunarg-archive-keyring.gpg]  https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/1.4.313 jammy main" | $sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-1.4.313-jammy.list > /dev/null
             $sudo apt-get update
           fi
-          $sudo apt-get install -y cmake ccache ${{ matrix.extra-packages }}
+          $sudo apt-get install -y cmake ccache curl git ${{ matrix.extra-packages }}
+          # llama-server requires CMake 3.24+, while Ubuntu 22.04 ships 3.22.
+          curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.31.2/cmake-3.31.2-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | $sudo tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
           # Export VULKAN_SDK if provided by LunarG package (defensive)
           if [ -d "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/vulkan" ] && [ "${{ matrix.preset }}" = "Vulkan" ]; then
             echo "VULKAN_SDK=/usr" >> $GITHUB_ENV
           fi
         env:
           DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
+      - if: matrix.install-go
+        name: Install Go
+        run: |
+          GO_VERSION=$(awk '/^go / { print $2 }' go.mod)
+          curl -fsSL "https://golang.org/dl/go${GO_VERSION}.linux-$(dpkg --print-architecture).tar.gz" | tar xz -C /usr/local
+          echo "/usr/local/go/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: /github/home/.cache/ccache
           key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - run: |
-          cmake --preset ${{ matrix.preset }} ${{ matrix.flags }}
-          cmake --build --preset ${{ matrix.preset }} --parallel
+      - name: Build llama-server
+        if: matrix.server_preset
+        run: |
+          cmake -S llama/server --preset "${{ matrix.server_preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
+          cmake --build "${{ matrix.server_build_dir }}" -- -l $(nproc)
+      - name: Build MLX
+        if: matrix.mlx_preset
+        run: |
+          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.mlx_preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
+          cmake --build --preset "${{ matrix.mlx_preset }}" -- -l $(nproc)
 
   windows:
     needs: [changes]
@@ -97,9 +126,13 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - preset: CPU
+            server_preset: cpu
+            server_build_dir: build\llama-server-cpu
           - preset: CUDA
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
             flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80'
+            server_preset: cuda-v13-windows
+            server_build_dir: build\llama-server-cuda-v13
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
               - '"nvcc"'
@@ -110,16 +143,41 @@ jobs:
               - '"nvptxcompiler"'
             cuda-version: '13.0'
           - preset: ROCm
-            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q4-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe
-            flags: '-DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
+            flags: '-DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
+            server_preset: rocm
+            server_build_dir: build\llama-server-rocm
           - preset: Vulkan
             install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
+            server_preset: vulkan
+            server_build_dir: build\llama-server-vulkan
+          - preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
+            cudnn-install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cudnn/redist/cudnn/windows-x86_64/cudnn-windows-x86_64-9.18.1.3_cuda13-archive.zip
+            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80'
+            mlx_preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+              - '"cufft"'
+              - '"cufft_dev"'
+              - '"nvrtc"'
+              - '"nvrtc_dev"'
+              - '"crt"'
+              - '"nvvm"'
+              - '"nvptxcompiler"'
+            cuda-version: '13.0'
     runs-on: windows
     steps:
       - run: |
           choco install -y --no-progress ccache ninja
-          ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
-      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA' || matrix.preset == 'ROCm' || matrix.preset == 'Vulkan'
+          if (Get-Command ccache -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+            ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          }
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA' || matrix.preset == 'ROCm' || matrix.preset == 'Vulkan' || matrix.preset == 'MLX CUDA 13'
         id: cache-install
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
         with:
@@ -127,8 +185,9 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
-      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA'
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CUDA' || matrix.preset == 'MLX CUDA 13'
         name: Install CUDA ${{ matrix.cuda-version }}
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
@@ -164,10 +223,27 @@ jobs:
             Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
             Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList "-c","--am","--al","in" -NoNewWindow -Wait
           }
-          
+
           $vulkanPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\VulkanSDK\*").path
           echo "$vulkanPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
           echo "VULKAN_SDK=$vulkanPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'MLX CUDA 13'
+        name: Install cuDNN for MLX
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          $cudnnRoot = "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}" -OutFile "cudnn.zip"
+            Expand-Archive -Path cudnn.zip -DestinationPath cudnn-extracted
+            $cudnnDir = (Get-ChildItem -Path cudnn-extracted -Directory)[0].FullName
+            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $cudnnRoot
+            Copy-Item -Path "$cudnnDir\*" -Destination "$cudnnRoot\" -Recurse
+          }
+
+          echo "CUDNN_ROOT_DIR=$cudnnRoot" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_INCLUDE_PATH=$cudnnRoot\include" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CUDNN_LIBRARY_PATH=$cudnnRoot\lib\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "$cudnnRoot\bin\x64" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
       - if: ${{ !cancelled() && steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
         uses: actions/cache/save@v4
         with:
@@ -175,17 +251,29 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
             C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
             C:\VulkanSDK
-          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
           key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - run: |
+      - name: Build llama-server
+        if: matrix.server_preset
+        run: |
           Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
           Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
-          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
-          cmake --build --parallel --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}"
+          cmake -S llama\server --preset "${{ matrix.server_preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
+          cmake --build "${{ matrix.server_build_dir }}" -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
+        env:
+          CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      - name: Build MLX
+        if: matrix.mlx_preset
+        run: |
+          Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
+          Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
+          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.mlx_preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
+          cmake --build --preset "${{ matrix.mlx_preset }}" -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
         env:
           CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
 
@@ -210,7 +298,7 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: 'go.mod'
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: '20'
@@ -234,12 +322,3 @@ jobs:
       - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
           only-new-issues: true
-
-  patches:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Verify patches apply cleanly and do not change files
-        run: |
-          make -f Makefile.sync clean checkout apply-patches sync
-          git diff --compact-summary --exit-code

.gitignore

@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ __debug_bin*
 llama/build
 llama/vendor
 /ollama
+integration/testdata/models/

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -24,29 +24,19 @@ include(GNUInstallDirs)
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 
 set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)
-set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+
+# These defaults can be overridden by presets (e.g., for static macOS llama-server builds)
+if(NOT DEFINED BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+endif()
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS ON) # Recent versions of MLX Requires gnu++17 extensions to compile properly
 
-set(GGML_BUILD ON)
-set(GGML_SHARED ON)
-set(GGML_CCACHE ON)
-set(GGML_BACKEND_DL ON)
-set(GGML_BACKEND_SHARED ON)
-set(GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES 4)
-
-set(GGML_LLAMAFILE ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 128)
-set(GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_FA ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE default)
-
-if((CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES MATCHES "arm64")
-    OR (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "arm|aarch64|ARM64|ARMv[0-9]+"))
-    set(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS ON)
-endif()
+# GGML backend for inference is provided by llama-server (built separately via
+# llama/server/CMakeLists.txt using FetchContent from upstream llama.cpp).
+# This root CMakeLists.txt only builds MLX (when enabled).
 
 if(APPLE)
     set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH "@loader_path")
@@ -64,139 +54,62 @@ set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY         ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG   ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src)
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/include)
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cpu)
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx)
-
-add_compile_definitions(NDEBUG GGML_VERSION=0x0 GGML_COMMIT=0x0)
-
-# Define GGML version variables for shared library SOVERSION
-# These are required by ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt for proper library versioning
-set(GGML_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION "${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}.${GGML_VERSION_MINOR}.${GGML_VERSION_PATCH}")
-
-set(GGML_CPU ON)
-add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src)
-set_property(TARGET ggml PROPERTY EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)
-
-get_target_property(CPU_VARIANTS ggml-cpu MANUALLY_ADDED_DEPENDENCIES)
-if(NOT CPU_VARIANTS)
-    set(CPU_VARIANTS "ggml-cpu")
-endif()
-
-install(TARGETS ggml-base ${CPU_VARIANTS}
-    RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-        PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-    FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-)
-
-check_language(CUDA)
-if(CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER)
-    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.24" AND NOT CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
-        set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "native")
-    endif()
-
-    find_package(CUDAToolkit)
-    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cuda)
-    install(TARGETS ggml-cuda
-        RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-            DIRECTORIES ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR} ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR}/x64 ${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}
-            PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES cublas cublasLt cudart
-            PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CUDA
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CUDA
-    )
-endif()
-
-set(WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX "^gfx(908|90a|1200|1201):xnack[+-]$"
-    CACHE STRING
-    "Regular expression describing AMDGPU_TARGETS not supported on Windows. Override to force building these targets. Default \"^gfx(908|90a|1200|1201):xnack[+-]$\"."
-)
-
-check_language(HIP)
-if(CMAKE_HIP_COMPILER)
-    set(HIP_PLATFORM "amd")
-
-    if(NOT AMDGPU_TARGETS)
-        find_package(hip REQUIRED)
-        list(FILTER AMDGPU_TARGETS INCLUDE REGEX "^gfx(94[012]|101[02]|1030|110[012]|120[01])$")
-    endif()
-
-    if(WIN32 AND WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX)
-        list(FILTER AMDGPU_TARGETS EXCLUDE REGEX ${WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX})
-    endif()
-
-    if(AMDGPU_TARGETS)
-        find_package(hip REQUIRED)
-        add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-hip)
-
-        if (WIN32)
-            target_compile_definitions(ggml-hip PRIVATE GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
-        endif()
-
-        target_compile_definitions(ggml-hip PRIVATE GGML_HIP_NO_VMM)
-
-        install(TARGETS ggml-hip
-            RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET rocm
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-        )
-        install(RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET rocm
-                DIRECTORIES ${HIP_BIN_INSTALL_DIR} ${HIP_LIB_INSTALL_DIR}
-                PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES hipblas rocblas amdhip64 rocsolver amd_comgr hsa-runtime64 rocsparse tinfo rocprofiler-register drm drm_amdgpu numa elf
-                PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-                POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES "system32"
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-        )
-
-        foreach(HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR IN ITEMS ${HIP_BIN_INSTALL_DIR} ${HIP_LIB_INSTALL_DIR})
-            if(EXISTS ${HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR}/rocblas)
-                install(DIRECTORY ${HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR}/rocblas DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP)
-                break()
-            endif()
-        endforeach()
-    endif()
-endif()
-
-if(NOT APPLE)
-    find_package(Vulkan)
-    if(Vulkan_FOUND)
-        add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan)
-        install(TARGETS ggml-vulkan
-            RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-                PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES vulkan
-                PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT Vulkan
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT Vulkan
-        )
-    endif()
-endif()
-
 option(MLX_ENGINE "Enable MLX backend" OFF)
-
 if(MLX_ENGINE)
+    if(MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES OR CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+        check_language(CUDA)
+    endif()
+
     message(STATUS "Setting up MLX (this takes a while...)")
     add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/x/imagegen/mlx)
 
     # Find CUDA toolkit if MLX is built with CUDA support
     find_package(CUDAToolkit)
 
+    # Build list of directories for runtime dependency resolution
+    set(MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR} ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR}/x64 ${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR})
+    # Add cuDNN bin paths for DLLs (Windows MLX CUDA builds)
+    # CUDNN_ROOT_DIR is the standard CMake variable for cuDNN location
+    if(DEFINED ENV{CUDNN_ROOT_DIR})
+        # cuDNN 9.x has versioned subdirectories under bin/ (e.g., bin/13.0/)
+        file(GLOB CUDNN_BIN_SUBDIRS "$ENV{CUDNN_ROOT_DIR}/bin/*")
+        list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CUDNN_BIN_SUBDIRS})
+    endif()
+    # Add build output directory and MLX dependency build directories
+    list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+    # OpenBLAS DLL location (pre-built zip extracts into openblas-src/bin/)
+    list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/openblas-src/bin)
+    # NCCL: on Linux, if real NCCL is found, cmake bundles libnccl.so via the
+    # regex below. If NCCL is not found, MLX links a static stub (OBJECT lib)
+    # so there is no runtime dependency. This path covers the stub build dir
+    # for windows so we include the DLL in our dependencies.
+    list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/mlx-build/mlx/distributed/nccl/nccl_stub-prefix/src/nccl_stub-build/Release)
+
+    # Base regexes for runtime dependencies (cross-platform)
+    set(MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES cublas cublasLt cudart cufft nvrtc nvrtc-builtins cudnn nccl openblas gfortran)
+    # On Windows, also include dl.dll (dlfcn-win32 POSIX emulation layer)
+    if(WIN32)
+        list(APPEND MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES "^dl\\.dll$")
+    endif()
+
     install(TARGETS mlx mlxc
         RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-            DIRECTORIES ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR} ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR}/x64 ${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}
-            PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES cublas cublasLt cudart nvrtc nvrtc-builtins cudnn nccl openblas gfortran
+            DIRECTORIES ${MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS}
+            PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES ${MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES}
             PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
         RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
         LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
         FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
     )
 
+    if(TARGET jaccl)
+        install(TARGETS jaccl
+            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+            FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+        )
+    endif()
+
     # Install the Metal library for macOS arm64 (must be colocated with the binary)
     # Metal backend is only built for arm64, not x86_64
     if(APPLE AND CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "arm64")
@@ -205,15 +118,120 @@ if(MLX_ENGINE)
             COMPONENT MLX)
     endif()
 
-    # Manually install cudart and cublas since they might not be picked up as direct dependencies
+    # Install headers for NVRTC JIT compilation at runtime.
+    # MLX's own install rules use the default component so they get skipped by
+    # --component MLX. Headers are installed alongside libmlx in OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR.
+    #
+    # Layout:
+    #   ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl/{cuda,nv}/  — CCCL headers
+    #   ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/*.h               — CUDA toolkit headers
+    #
+    # MLX's jit_module.cpp resolves CCCL via
+    #   current_binary_dir()[.parent_path()] / "include" / "cccl"
+    # On Linux, MLX's jit_module.cpp resolves CCCL via
+    #   current_binary_dir().parent_path() / "include" / "cccl", so we create a
+    #   symlink from lib/ollama/include -> ${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR}/include
+    #   This will need refinement if we add multiple CUDA versions for MLX in the future.
+    # CUDA runtime headers are found via CUDA_PATH env var (set by mlxrunner).
+    if(EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include/cuda)
+        install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include/cuda
+            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl
+            COMPONENT MLX)
+        install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include/nv
+            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl
+            COMPONENT MLX)
+    endif()
+
+    # Install minimal CUDA toolkit headers needed by MLX JIT kernels.
+    # These are the transitive closure of includes from mlx/backend/cuda/device/*.cuh.
+    # The Go mlxrunner sets CUDA_PATH to OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR so MLX finds them at
+    # $CUDA_PATH/include/*.h via NVRTC --include-path.
     if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
-        file(GLOB CUDART_LIBS
+        # CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS may be a semicolon-separated list
+        # (e.g. ".../include;.../include/cccl"). Find the entry that
+        # contains the CUDA runtime headers we need.
+        set(_cuda_inc "")
+        foreach(_dir ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+            if(EXISTS "${_dir}/cuda_runtime_api.h")
+                set(_cuda_inc "${_dir}")
+                break()
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+        if(NOT _cuda_inc)
+            message(WARNING "Could not find cuda_runtime_api.h in CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+        else()
+            set(_dst "${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include")
+            set(_MLX_JIT_CUDA_HEADERS
+                builtin_types.h
+                cooperative_groups.h
+                cuda_bf16.h
+                cuda_bf16.hpp
+                cuda_device_runtime_api.h
+                cuda_fp16.h
+                cuda_fp16.hpp
+                cuda_fp8.h
+                cuda_fp8.hpp
+                cuda_runtime_api.h
+                device_types.h
+                driver_types.h
+                math_constants.h
+                surface_types.h
+                texture_types.h
+                vector_functions.h
+                vector_functions.hpp
+                vector_types.h
+            )
+            foreach(_hdr ${_MLX_JIT_CUDA_HEADERS})
+                install(FILES "${_cuda_inc}/${_hdr}"
+                    DESTINATION ${_dst}
+                    COMPONENT MLX)
+            endforeach()
+            # Subdirectory headers
+            install(DIRECTORY "${_cuda_inc}/cooperative_groups"
+                DESTINATION ${_dst}
+                COMPONENT MLX
+                FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h")
+            install(FILES "${_cuda_inc}/crt/host_defines.h"
+                DESTINATION "${_dst}/crt"
+                COMPONENT MLX)
+            if(NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
+                install(CODE "
+                    set(_link \"${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/ollama/include\")
+                    set(_target \"${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR}/include\")
+                    if(NOT EXISTS \${_link})
+                        execute_process(COMMAND \${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E create_symlink \${_target} \${_link})
+                    endif()
+                " COMPONENT MLX)
+            endif()
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    # On Windows, explicitly install dl.dll (dlfcn-win32 POSIX dlopen emulation)
+    # RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES auto-excludes it via POST_EXCLUDE_FILES_STRICT because
+    # dlfcn-win32 is a known CMake target with its own install rules (which install
+    # to the wrong destination). We must install it explicitly here.
+    if(WIN32)
+        install(FILES ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR}/dl.dll
+            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
+            COMPONENT MLX)
+    endif()
+
+    # Manually install CUDA runtime libraries that MLX loads via dlopen
+    # (not detected by RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES since they aren't link-time deps)
+    if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
+        file(GLOB MLX_CUDA_LIBS
             "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcudart.so*"
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcublas.so*")
-        if(CUDART_LIBS)
-            install(FILES ${CUDART_LIBS}
+            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcublas.so*"
+            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcublasLt.so*"
+            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libnvrtc.so*"
+            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libnvrtc-builtins.so*"
+            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcufft.so*"
+            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcudnn.so*")
+        if(MLX_CUDA_LIBS)
+            install(FILES ${MLX_CUDA_LIBS}
                 DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
                 COMPONENT MLX)
         endif()
     endif()
 endif()
+

CMakePresets.json

@@ -10,80 +10,6 @@
         "CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY": "MultiThreaded"
       }
     },
-    {
-      "name": "CPU",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 11",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50-virtual;60-virtual;61-virtual;70-virtual;75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;87-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v11"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50;52;60;61;70;75;80;86;89;90;90a;120",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v12"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;87-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual;90a-virtual;100-virtual;103-virtual;110-virtual;120-virtual;121-virtual",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-t 4",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v13"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 5",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "72;87",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_jetpack5"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 6",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "87",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_jetpack6"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_HIP_PLATFORM": "amd"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 6",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS": "-parallel-jobs=4",
-        "AMDGPU_TARGETS": "gfx940;gfx941;gfx942;gfx1010;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx908:xnack-;gfx90a:xnack+;gfx90a:xnack-",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "rocm"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Vulkan",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "vulkan"
-      }
-    },
     {
       "name": "MLX",
       "inherits": [ "Default" ],
@@ -94,15 +20,16 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "MLX CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "MLX", "CUDA 12" ],
+      "inherits": [ "MLX" ],
       "cacheVariables": {
         "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx_cuda_v12"
       }
     },
     {
       "name": "MLX CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "MLX", "CUDA 13" ],
+      "inherits": [ "MLX" ],
       "cacheVariables": {
+        "MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "86;89;90;90a;100;103;75-virtual;80-virtual;110-virtual;120-virtual;121-virtual",
         "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx_cuda_v13"
       }
     }
@@ -113,56 +40,6 @@
       "configurePreset": "Default",
       "configuration": "Release"
     },
-    {
-      "name": "CPU",
-      "configurePreset": "Default",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-cpu" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA",
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-cuda" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 11",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 11"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 12"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 13"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 5",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "JetPack 5"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 6",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "JetPack 6"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm",
-      "configurePreset": "ROCm",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-hip" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 6",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "configurePreset": "ROCm 6"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Vulkan",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-vulkan" ],
-      "configurePreset": "Vulkan"
-    },
     {
       "name": "MLX",
       "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ],

Dockerfile

@@ -1,28 +1,23 @@
 # vim: filetype=dockerfile
 
 ARG FLAVOR=${TARGETARCH}
-ARG PARALLEL=8
 
-ARG ROCMVERSION=6.3.3
+ARG ROCMVERSION=7.2.1
 ARG JETPACK5VERSION=r35.4.1
 ARG JETPACK6VERSION=r36.4.0
 ARG CMAKEVERSION=3.31.2
+ARG NINJAVERSION=1.12.1
 ARG VULKANVERSION=1.4.321.1
 
+# Default empty stages for local MLX source overrides.
+# Override with: docker build --build-context local-mlx=../mlx --build-context local-mlx-c=../mlx-c
+FROM scratch AS local-mlx
+FROM scratch AS local-mlx-c
+
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 rocm/dev-almalinux-8:${ROCMVERSION}-complete AS base-amd64
 RUN dnf install -y yum-utils ccache gcc-toolset-11-gcc gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-11-binutils \
     && yum-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/rhel8/x86_64/cuda-rhel8.repo
 ENV PATH=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin:$PATH
-ARG VULKANVERSION
-RUN wget https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKANVERSION}/linux/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz \
-    && tar xvf /tmp/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz \
-    && dnf -y install ninja-build \
-    && ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python \  
-    && /${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 vulkan-headers \
-    && /${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 shaderc
-RUN cp -r /${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/include/* /usr/local/include/ \
-    && cp -r /${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/lib/* /usr/local/lib
-ENV PATH=/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/bin:$PATH
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 almalinux:8 AS base-arm64
 # install epel-release for ccache
@@ -33,100 +28,152 @@ ENV CC=clang CXX=clang++
 
 FROM base-${TARGETARCH} AS base
 ARG CMAKEVERSION
+ARG NINJAVERSION
 RUN curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
+RUN dnf install -y unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux$([ "$(uname -m)" = "aarch64" ] && echo "-aarch64").zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
 ENV LDFLAGS=-s
 
-FROM base AS cpu
+#
+# GPU toolchain stages — provide compilers for llama-server GPU builds
+#
+
+FROM base AS cpu-deps
 RUN dnf install -y gcc-toolset-11-gcc gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++
 ENV PATH=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CPU' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CPU' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CPU --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
 
-FROM base AS cuda-11
-ARG CUDA11VERSION=11.8
-RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA11VERSION//./-}
-ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 11' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 11' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
-
-FROM base AS cuda-12
+FROM base AS cuda-12-deps
 ARG CUDA12VERSION=12.8
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA12VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 12' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 12' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
 
-
-FROM base AS cuda-13
+FROM base AS cuda-13-deps
 ARG CUDA13VERSION=13.0
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA13VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-13/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 13' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'CUDA 13' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
 
+FROM base AS rocm-7-deps
+ENV PATH=/opt/rocm/llvm/bin:/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:/opt/rocm/hip/bin:/opt/rocm/bin:$PATH
 
-FROM base AS rocm-6
-ENV PATH=/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:/opt/rocm/hip/bin:/opt/rocm/bin:/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:$PATH
-ARG PARALLEL
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
+FROM base AS vulkan-deps
+ARG VULKANVERSION
+RUN ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python \
+    && wget https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKANVERSION}/linux/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz \
+    && tar xvf /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz -C /tmp \
+    && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 vulkan-headers \
+    && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 shaderc \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/include/* /usr/local/include/ \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/lib/* /usr/local/lib \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/${VULKANVERSION} /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz
+
+#
+# llama-server stages — rebuild when LLAMA_CPP_VERSION, llama/server/, or llama/compat/ changes.
+#
+# CPU stage: llama-server + ggml-base + ggml-cpu variants → lib/ollama/
+# GPU stages: GPU backend .so only → lib/ollama/<variant>/
+#
+
+FROM cpu-deps AS llama-server-cpu
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'ROCm 6' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'ROCm 6' \
-        && cmake --install build --component HIP --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset cpu \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cpu -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cpu --component llama-server --strip \
+        && for lib in \
+            /usr/lib64/libgomp.so* \
+            /usr/lib64/libomp.so* \
+            /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/lib64/libgomp.so* \
+            /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/lib64/libomp.so*; do \
+                [ -e "$lib" ] && cp -a "$lib" dist/lib/ollama/ || true; \
+            done
+
+FROM cuda-12-deps AS llama-server-cuda-v12
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset cuda-v12 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda-v12 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda-v12 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM cuda-13-deps AS llama-server-cuda-v13
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset cuda-v13 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda-v13 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda-v13 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM rocm-7-deps AS llama-server-rocm
+ENV CC=clang CXX=clang++
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset rocm \
+        -DAMDGPU_TARGETS="gfx942;gfx950;gfx1010;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1103;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx908:xnack-;gfx90a:xnack+;gfx90a:xnack-" \
+        -DCMAKE_HIP_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4" \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-rocm -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-rocm --component llama-server --strip
 RUN rm -f dist/lib/ollama/rocm/rocblas/library/*gfx90[06]*
 
+FROM vulkan-deps AS llama-server-vulkan
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset vulkan \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-vulkan -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-vulkan --component llama-server --strip
+
+#
+# JetPack stages — self-contained with their own base images
+#
+
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK5VERSION} AS jetpack-5
 ARG CMAKEVERSION
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache \
-    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ARG PARALLEL
+ARG NINJAVERSION
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache git unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'JetPack 5' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'JetPack 5' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset jetpack5 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-jetpack5 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-jetpack5 --component llama-server --strip
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK6VERSION} AS jetpack-6
 ARG CMAKEVERSION
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache \
-    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ARG PARALLEL
+ARG NINJAVERSION
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache git unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'JetPack 6' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'JetPack 6' \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset jetpack6 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-jetpack6 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-jetpack6 --component llama-server --strip
 
-FROM base AS vulkan
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'Vulkan' \
-        && cmake --build --parallel --preset 'Vulkan' \
-        && cmake --install build --component Vulkan --strip --parallel 8
+#
+# MLX stage
+#
 
 FROM base AS mlx
 ARG CUDA13VERSION=13.0
@@ -138,20 +185,30 @@ ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-13/bin:$PATH
 ENV BLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas
 ENV LAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas
 ENV CGO_LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/cuda-13/lib64 -L/usr/local/cuda-13/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/stubs"
-ARG PARALLEL
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama
 COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
 COPY x/imagegen/mlx x/imagegen/mlx
 COPY go.mod go.sum .
-COPY MLX_VERSION .
+COPY MLX_VERSION MLX_C_VERSION .
 RUN curl -fsSL https://golang.org/dl/go$(awk '/^go/ { print $2 }' go.mod).linux-$(case $(uname -m) in x86_64) echo amd64 ;; aarch64) echo arm64 ;; esac).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
 RUN go mod download
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'MLX CUDA 13' -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas \
-        && cmake --build --parallel ${PARALLEL} --preset 'MLX CUDA 13' \
-        && cmake --install build --component MLX --strip --parallel ${PARALLEL}
+    --mount=type=bind,from=local-mlx,target=/tmp/local-mlx \
+    --mount=type=bind,from=local-mlx-c,target=/tmp/local-mlx-c \
+    if [ -f /tmp/local-mlx/CMakeLists.txt ]; then \
+        export OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE=/tmp/local-mlx; \
+    fi \
+    && if [ -f /tmp/local-mlx-c/CMakeLists.txt ]; then \
+        export OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE=/tmp/local-mlx-c; \
+    fi \
+    && cmake --preset 'MLX CUDA 13' -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas \
+        && cmake --build --preset 'MLX CUDA 13' -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build --component MLX --strip
+
+#
+# Go build
+#
 
 FROM base AS build
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama
@@ -160,47 +217,61 @@ RUN curl -fsSL https://golang.org/dl/go$(awk '/^go/ { print $2 }' go.mod).linux-
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:$PATH
 RUN go mod download
 COPY . .
-# Clone mlx-c headers for CGO (version from MLX_VERSION file)
-RUN git clone --depth 1 --branch "$(cat MLX_VERSION)" https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-c.git build/_deps/mlx-c-src
 ARG GOFLAGS="'-ldflags=-w -s'"
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=1
 ARG CGO_CFLAGS
 ARG CGO_CXXFLAGS
-ENV CGO_CFLAGS="${CGO_CFLAGS} -I/go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/build/_deps/mlx-c-src"
+ENV CGO_CFLAGS="${CGO_CFLAGS}"
 ENV CGO_CXXFLAGS="${CGO_CXXFLAGS}"
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
-    go build -tags mlx -trimpath -buildmode=pie -o /bin/ollama .
+    go build -trimpath -buildmode=pie -o /bin/ollama .
+
+#
+# Assembly stages — combine llama-server variants + GPU runtime libs
+#
 
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 scratch AS amd64
-# COPY --from=cuda-11 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=vulkan  dist/lib/ollama  /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu      dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda-v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda-v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-vulkan   dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=mlx     /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 scratch AS arm64
-# COPY --from=cuda-11 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-13 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda-v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda-v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=jetpack-5 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=jetpack-6 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
 
 FROM scratch AS rocm
-COPY --from=rocm-6 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu  dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
 
-FROM ${FLAVOR} AS archive
-ARG VULKANVERSION
-COPY --from=cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 scratch AS amd64-archive
+COPY --from=amd64 /lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM --platform=linux/arm64 scratch AS arm64-archive
+COPY --from=arm64 /lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM ${TARGETARCH}-archive AS archive
+COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
+
+FROM ${FLAVOR} AS image-archive
 COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
-RUN apt-get update \
+ARG APT_MIRROR=http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+RUN sed -i "s|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|$APT_MIRROR|g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
+    && apt-get update \
     && apt-get install -y ca-certificates libvulkan1 libopenblas0 \
+    && sed -i "s|$APT_MIRROR|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
     && apt-get clean \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-COPY --from=archive /bin /usr/bin
+COPY --from=image-archive /bin /usr/bin
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
-COPY --from=archive /lib/ollama /usr/lib/ollama
+COPY --from=image-archive /lib/ollama /usr/lib/ollama
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nvidia/lib:/usr/local/nvidia/lib64
 ENV NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES=compute,utility
 ENV NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=all

LLAMA_CPP_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b9048

MLX_C_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fba4470b89073180056c9ea46c443051375f7399

MLX_VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v0.5.0
+e8ebdebeeb655feaa85a51f6b24ece5b6d5518d1

Makefile.sync

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-UPSTREAM=https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git
-WORKDIR=llama/vendor
-FETCH_HEAD=ec98e2002
-
-.PHONY: help
-help:
-	@echo "Available targets:"
-	@echo "    sync                 Sync with upstream repositories"
-	@echo "    checkout             Checkout upstream repository"
-	@echo "    apply-patches        Apply patches to local repository"
-	@echo "    format-patches       Format patches from local repository"
-	@echo "    clean                Clean local repository"
-	@echo
-	@echo "Example:"
-	@echo "    make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) clean apply-patches sync"
-
-.PHONY: sync
-sync: llama/build-info.cpp ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal
-
-llama/build-info.cpp: llama/build-info.cpp.in llama/llama.cpp
-	sed -e 's|@FETCH_HEAD@|$(FETCH_HEAD)|' <$< >$@
-
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-	go generate ./$(@D)
-
-.PHONY: llama/llama.cpp
-llama/llama.cpp: llama/vendor
-	rsync -arvzc --delete -f "include LICENSE" -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $(addprefix $<,/LICENSE /) $@
-
-.PHONY: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml: llama/vendor
-	rsync -arvzc --delete -f "include LICENSE" -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $(addprefix $<,/LICENSE /ggml/) $@
-
-PATCHES=$(wildcard llama/patches/*.patch)
-PATCHED=$(join $(dir $(PATCHES)), $(addsuffix ed, $(addprefix ., $(notdir $(PATCHES)))))
-
-.PHONY: apply-patches
-.NOTPARALLEL:
-apply-patches: $(PATCHED)
-
-llama/patches/.%.patched: llama/patches/%.patch
-	@if git -c user.name=nobody -c 'user.email=<>' -C $(WORKDIR) am -3 $(realpath $<); then \
-		touch $@;                                                                           \
-	else                                                                                    \
-		echo "Patch failed. Resolve any conflicts then continue.";                          \
-		echo "1. Run 'git -C $(WORKDIR) am --continue'";                                    \
-		echo "2. Run 'make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) format-patches'";                \
-		echo "3. Run 'make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) clean apply-patches'";           \
-		exit 1;                                                                             \
-	fi
-
-.PHONY: checkout
-checkout: $(WORKDIR)
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) fetch
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) checkout -f $(FETCH_HEAD)
-
-$(WORKDIR):
-	git clone $(UPSTREAM) $(WORKDIR)
-
-.PHONY: format-patches
-format-patches: llama/patches
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) format-patch \
-		--no-signature \
-		--no-numbered \
-		--zero-commit \
-		-o $(realpath $<) \
-		$(FETCH_HEAD)
-
-.PHONY: clean
-clean: checkout
-	@git -C $(WORKDIR) am --abort || true
-	$(RM) llama/patches/.*.patched
-
-.PHONY: print-base
-print-base:
-	@echo $(FETCH_HEAD)

README.md

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ The official [Ollama Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/r/ollama/ollama) `olla
 ollama
 ```
 
-You'll be prompted to run a model or connect Ollama to your existing agents or applications such as `claude`, `codex`, `openclaw` and more.
+You'll be prompted to run a model or connect Ollama to your existing agents or applications such as `Claude Code`, `OpenClaw`, `OpenCode` , `Codex`, `Copilot`,  and more.
 
 ### Coding
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ To launch a specific integration:
 ollama launch claude
 ```
 
-Supported integrations include [Claude Code](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/claude-code), [Codex](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/codex), [Droid](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/droid), and [OpenCode](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/opencode).
+Supported integrations include [Claude Code](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/claude-code), [Codex](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/codex), [Copilot CLI](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/copilot-cli), [Droid](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/droid), and [OpenCode](https://docs.ollama.com/integrations/opencode).
 
 ### AI assistant
 

anthropic/anthropic.go

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ type MessagesRequest struct {
 	Model         string          `json:"model"`
 	MaxTokens     int             `json:"max_tokens"`
 	Messages      []MessageParam  `json:"messages"`
-	System        any             `json:"system,omitempty"` // string or []ContentBlock
+	System        any             `json:"system,omitempty"` // string or []map[string]any (JSON-decoded ContentBlock)
 	Stream        bool            `json:"stream,omitempty"`
 	Temperature   *float64        `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
 	TopP          *float64        `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
@@ -82,8 +82,27 @@ type MessagesRequest struct {
 
 // MessageParam represents a message in the request
 type MessageParam struct {
-	Role    string `json:"role"`    // "user" or "assistant"
-	Content any    `json:"content"` // string or []ContentBlock
+	Role    string         `json:"role"`    // "user" or "assistant"
+	Content []ContentBlock `json:"content"` // always []ContentBlock; plain strings are normalized on unmarshal
+}
+
+func (m *MessageParam) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	var raw struct {
+		Role    string          `json:"role"`
+		Content json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &raw); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.Role = raw.Role
+
+	var s string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw.Content, &s); err == nil {
+		m.Content = []ContentBlock{{Type: "text", Text: &s}}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return json.Unmarshal(raw.Content, &m.Content)
 }
 
 // ContentBlock represents a content block in a message.
@@ -102,9 +121,9 @@ type ContentBlock struct {
 	Source *ImageSource `json:"source,omitempty"`
 
 	// For tool_use and server_tool_use blocks
-	ID    string `json:"id,omitempty"`
-	Name  string `json:"name,omitempty"`
-	Input any    `json:"input,omitempty"`
+	ID    string                        `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Name  string                        `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Input api.ToolCallFunctionArguments `json:"input,omitzero"`
 
 	// For tool_result and web_search_tool_result blocks
 	ToolUseID string `json:"tool_use_id,omitempty"`
@@ -377,178 +396,145 @@ func convertMessage(msg MessageParam) ([]api.Message, error) {
 	var messages []api.Message
 	role := strings.ToLower(msg.Role)
 
-	switch content := msg.Content.(type) {
-	case string:
-		messages = append(messages, api.Message{Role: role, Content: content})
+	var textContent strings.Builder
+	var images []api.ImageData
+	var toolCalls []api.ToolCall
+	var thinking string
+	var toolResults []api.Message
+	textBlocks := 0
+	imageBlocks := 0
+	toolUseBlocks := 0
+	toolResultBlocks := 0
+	serverToolUseBlocks := 0
+	webSearchToolResultBlocks := 0
+	thinkingBlocks := 0
+	unknownBlocks := 0
 
-	case []any:
-		var textContent strings.Builder
-		var images []api.ImageData
-		var toolCalls []api.ToolCall
-		var thinking string
-		var toolResults []api.Message
-		textBlocks := 0
-		imageBlocks := 0
-		toolUseBlocks := 0
-		toolResultBlocks := 0
-		serverToolUseBlocks := 0
-		webSearchToolResultBlocks := 0
-		thinkingBlocks := 0
-		unknownBlocks := 0
-
-		for _, block := range content {
-			blockMap, ok := block.(map[string]any)
-			if !ok {
-				logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid content block format", "role", role)
-				return nil, errors.New("invalid content block format")
+	for _, block := range msg.Content {
+		switch block.Type {
+		case "text":
+			textBlocks++
+			if block.Text != nil {
+				textContent.WriteString(*block.Text)
 			}
 
-			blockType, _ := blockMap["type"].(string)
+		case "image":
+			imageBlocks++
+			if block.Source == nil {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid image source", "role", role)
+				return nil, errors.New("invalid image source")
+			}
 
-			switch blockType {
-			case "text":
-				textBlocks++
-				if text, ok := blockMap["text"].(string); ok {
-					textContent.WriteString(text)
+			if block.Source.Type == "base64" {
+				decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(block.Source.Data)
+				if err != nil {
+					logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid base64 image data", "role", role, "error", err)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid base64 image data: %w", err)
 				}
+				images = append(images, decoded)
+			} else {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: unsupported image source type", "role", role, "source_type", block.Source.Type)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image source type: %s. Only base64 images are supported.", block.Source.Type)
+			}
 
-			case "image":
-				imageBlocks++
-				source, ok := blockMap["source"].(map[string]any)
-				if !ok {
-					logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid image source", "role", role)
-					return nil, errors.New("invalid image source")
-				}
+		case "tool_use":
+			toolUseBlocks++
+			if block.ID == "" {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: tool_use block missing id", "role", role)
+				return nil, errors.New("tool_use block missing required 'id' field")
+			}
+			if block.Name == "" {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: tool_use block missing name", "role", role)
+				return nil, errors.New("tool_use block missing required 'name' field")
+			}
+			toolCalls = append(toolCalls, api.ToolCall{
+				ID: block.ID,
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      block.Name,
+					Arguments: block.Input,
+				},
+			})
 
-				sourceType, _ := source["type"].(string)
-				if sourceType == "base64" {
-					data, _ := source["data"].(string)
-					decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(data)
-					if err != nil {
-						logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid base64 image data", "role", role, "error", err)
-						return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid base64 image data: %w", err)
-					}
-					images = append(images, decoded)
-				} else {
-					logutil.Trace("anthropic: unsupported image source type", "role", role, "source_type", sourceType)
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image source type: %s. Only base64 images are supported.", sourceType)
-				}
-				// URL images would need to be fetched - skip for now
+		case "tool_result":
+			toolResultBlocks++
+			var resultContent string
 
-			case "tool_use":
-				toolUseBlocks++
-				id, ok := blockMap["id"].(string)
-				if !ok {
-					logutil.Trace("anthropic: tool_use block missing id", "role", role)
-					return nil, errors.New("tool_use block missing required 'id' field")
-				}
-				name, ok := blockMap["name"].(string)
-				if !ok {
-					logutil.Trace("anthropic: tool_use block missing name", "role", role)
-					return nil, errors.New("tool_use block missing required 'name' field")
-				}
-				tc := api.ToolCall{
-					ID: id,
-					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
-						Name: name,
-					},
-				}
-				if input, ok := blockMap["input"].(map[string]any); ok {
-					tc.Function.Arguments = mapToArgs(input)
-				}
-				toolCalls = append(toolCalls, tc)
-
-			case "tool_result":
-				toolResultBlocks++
-				toolUseID, _ := blockMap["tool_use_id"].(string)
-				var resultContent string
-
-				switch c := blockMap["content"].(type) {
-				case string:
-					resultContent = c
-				case []any:
-					for _, cb := range c {
-						if cbMap, ok := cb.(map[string]any); ok {
-							if cbMap["type"] == "text" {
-								if text, ok := cbMap["text"].(string); ok {
-									resultContent += text
-								}
+			switch c := block.Content.(type) {
+			case string:
+				resultContent = c
+			case []any:
+				for _, cb := range c {
+					if cbMap, ok := cb.(map[string]any); ok {
+						if cbMap["type"] == "text" {
+							if text, ok := cbMap["text"].(string); ok {
+								resultContent += text
 							}
 						}
 					}
 				}
-
-				toolResults = append(toolResults, api.Message{
-					Role:       "tool",
-					Content:    resultContent,
-					ToolCallID: toolUseID,
-				})
-
-			case "thinking":
-				thinkingBlocks++
-				if t, ok := blockMap["thinking"].(string); ok {
-					thinking = t
-				}
-
-			case "server_tool_use":
-				serverToolUseBlocks++
-				id, _ := blockMap["id"].(string)
-				name, _ := blockMap["name"].(string)
-				tc := api.ToolCall{
-					ID: id,
-					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
-						Name: name,
-					},
-				}
-				if input, ok := blockMap["input"].(map[string]any); ok {
-					tc.Function.Arguments = mapToArgs(input)
-				}
-				toolCalls = append(toolCalls, tc)
-
-			case "web_search_tool_result":
-				webSearchToolResultBlocks++
-				toolUseID, _ := blockMap["tool_use_id"].(string)
-				toolResults = append(toolResults, api.Message{
-					Role:       "tool",
-					Content:    formatWebSearchToolResultContent(blockMap["content"]),
-					ToolCallID: toolUseID,
-				})
-			default:
-				unknownBlocks++
 			}
-		}
 
-		if textContent.Len() > 0 || len(images) > 0 || len(toolCalls) > 0 || thinking != "" {
-			m := api.Message{
-				Role:      role,
-				Content:   textContent.String(),
-				Images:    images,
-				ToolCalls: toolCalls,
-				Thinking:  thinking,
+			toolResults = append(toolResults, api.Message{
+				Role:       "tool",
+				Content:    resultContent,
+				ToolCallID: block.ToolUseID,
+			})
+
+		case "thinking":
+			thinkingBlocks++
+			if block.Thinking != nil {
+				thinking = *block.Thinking
 			}
-			messages = append(messages, m)
+
+		case "server_tool_use":
+			serverToolUseBlocks++
+			toolCalls = append(toolCalls, api.ToolCall{
+				ID: block.ID,
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name:      block.Name,
+					Arguments: block.Input,
+				},
+			})
+
+		case "web_search_tool_result":
+			webSearchToolResultBlocks++
+			toolResults = append(toolResults, api.Message{
+				Role:       "tool",
+				Content:    formatWebSearchToolResultContent(block.Content),
+				ToolCallID: block.ToolUseID,
+			})
+		default:
+			unknownBlocks++
 		}
-
-		// Add tool results as separate messages
-		messages = append(messages, toolResults...)
-		logutil.Trace("anthropic: converted block message",
-			"role", role,
-			"blocks", len(content),
-			"text", textBlocks,
-			"image", imageBlocks,
-			"tool_use", toolUseBlocks,
-			"tool_result", toolResultBlocks,
-			"server_tool_use", serverToolUseBlocks,
-			"web_search_result", webSearchToolResultBlocks,
-			"thinking", thinkingBlocks,
-			"unknown", unknownBlocks,
-			"messages", TraceAPIMessages(messages),
-		)
-
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message content type: %T", content)
 	}
 
+	if textContent.Len() > 0 || len(images) > 0 || len(toolCalls) > 0 || thinking != "" {
+		m := api.Message{
+			Role:      role,
+			Content:   textContent.String(),
+			Images:    images,
+			ToolCalls: toolCalls,
+			Thinking:  thinking,
+		}
+		messages = append(messages, m)
+	}
+
+	// Add tool results as separate messages
+	messages = append(messages, toolResults...)
+	logutil.Trace("anthropic: converted block message",
+		"role", role,
+		"blocks", len(msg.Content),
+		"text", textBlocks,
+		"image", imageBlocks,
+		"tool_use", toolUseBlocks,
+		"tool_result", toolResultBlocks,
+		"server_tool_use", serverToolUseBlocks,
+		"web_search_result", webSearchToolResultBlocks,
+		"thinking", thinkingBlocks,
+		"unknown", unknownBlocks,
+		"messages", TraceAPIMessages(messages),
+	)
+
 	return messages, nil
 }
 
@@ -852,6 +838,19 @@ func (c *StreamConverter) Process(r api.ChatResponse) []StreamEvent {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// Close thinking block if still open (thinking → tool_use without text in between)
+		if c.thinkingStarted && !c.thinkingDone {
+			c.thinkingDone = true
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_stop",
+				Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_stop",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+				},
+			})
+			c.contentIndex++
+		}
+
 		if c.textStarted {
 			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
 				Event: "content_block_stop",
@@ -869,7 +868,6 @@ func (c *StreamConverter) Process(r api.ChatResponse) []StreamEvent {
 			slog.Error("failed to marshal tool arguments", "error", err, "tool_id", tc.ID)
 			continue
 		}
-
 		events = append(events, StreamEvent{
 			Event: "content_block_start",
 			Data: ContentBlockStartEvent{
@@ -879,7 +877,7 @@ func (c *StreamConverter) Process(r api.ChatResponse) []StreamEvent {
 					Type:  "tool_use",
 					ID:    tc.ID,
 					Name:  tc.Function.Name,
-					Input: map[string]any{},
+					Input: api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments(),
 				},
 			},
 		})
@@ -976,15 +974,6 @@ func ptr(s string) *string {
 	return &s
 }
 
-// mapToArgs converts a map to ToolCallFunctionArguments
-func mapToArgs(m map[string]any) api.ToolCallFunctionArguments {
-	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
-	for k, v := range m {
-		args.Set(k, v)
-	}
-	return args
-}
-
 // CountTokensRequest represents an Anthropic count_tokens request
 type CountTokensRequest struct {
 	Model    string          `json:"model"`
@@ -1017,17 +1006,13 @@ func estimateTokens(req CountTokensRequest) int {
 	var totalLen int
 
 	// Count system prompt
-	if req.System != nil {
-		totalLen += countAnyContent(req.System)
-	}
+	totalLen += countAnyContent(req.System)
 
-	// Count messages
 	for _, msg := range req.Messages {
 		// Count role (always present)
 		totalLen += len(msg.Role)
 		// Count content
-		contentLen := countAnyContent(msg.Content)
-		totalLen += contentLen
+		totalLen += countAnyContent(msg.Content)
 	}
 
 	for _, tool := range req.Tools {
@@ -1050,12 +1035,25 @@ func countAnyContent(content any) int {
 	switch c := content.(type) {
 	case string:
 		return len(c)
-	case []any:
+	case []ContentBlock:
 		total := 0
 		for _, block := range c {
 			total += countContentBlock(block)
 		}
 		return total
+	case []any:
+		total := 0
+		for _, item := range c {
+			data, err := json.Marshal(item)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			var block ContentBlock
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &block); err == nil {
+				total += countContentBlock(block)
+			}
+		}
+		return total
 	default:
 		if data, err := json.Marshal(content); err == nil {
 			return len(data)
@@ -1064,38 +1062,19 @@ func countAnyContent(content any) int {
 	}
 }
 
-func countContentBlock(block any) int {
-	blockMap, ok := block.(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		if s, ok := block.(string); ok {
-			return len(s)
-		}
-		return 0
-	}
-
+func countContentBlock(block ContentBlock) int {
 	total := 0
-	blockType, _ := blockMap["type"].(string)
-
-	if text, ok := blockMap["text"].(string); ok {
-		total += len(text)
+	if block.Text != nil {
+		total += len(*block.Text)
 	}
-
-	if thinking, ok := blockMap["thinking"].(string); ok {
-		total += len(thinking)
+	if block.Thinking != nil {
+		total += len(*block.Thinking)
 	}
-
-	if blockType == "tool_use" {
-		if data, err := json.Marshal(blockMap); err == nil {
+	if block.Type == "tool_use" || block.Type == "tool_result" {
+		if data, err := json.Marshal(block); err == nil {
 			total += len(data)
 		}
 	}
-
-	if blockType == "tool_result" {
-		if data, err := json.Marshal(blockMap); err == nil {
-			total += len(data)
-		}
-	}
-
 	return total
 }
 

anthropic/anthropic_test.go

@@ -15,11 +15,16 @@ const (
 	testImage = `iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNk+A8AAQUBAScY42YAAAAASUVORK5CYII=`
 )
 
-// testArgs creates ToolCallFunctionArguments from a map (convenience function for tests)
-func testArgs(m map[string]any) api.ToolCallFunctionArguments {
+// textContent is a convenience for constructing []ContentBlock with a single text block in tests.
+func textContent(s string) []ContentBlock {
+	return []ContentBlock{{Type: "text", Text: &s}}
+}
+
+// makeArgs creates ToolCallFunctionArguments from key-value pairs (convenience function for tests)
+func makeArgs(kvs ...any) api.ToolCallFunctionArguments {
 	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
-	for k, v := range m {
-		args.Set(k, v)
+	for i := 0; i < len(kvs)-1; i += 2 {
+		args.Set(kvs[i].(string), kvs[i+1])
 	}
 	return args
 }
@@ -29,7 +34,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -61,7 +66,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithSystemPrompt(t *testing.T) {
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
 		System:    "You are a helpful assistant.",
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -88,7 +93,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithSystemPromptArray(t *testing.T) {
 			map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": " Be concise."},
 		},
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -113,7 +118,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:         "test-model",
 		MaxTokens:     2048,
-		Messages:      []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
+		Messages:      []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
 		Temperature:   &temp,
 		TopP:          &topP,
 		TopK:          &topK,
@@ -148,14 +153,14 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithImage(t *testing.T) {
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
 			{
 				Role: "user",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "What's in this image?"},
-					map[string]any{
-						"type": "image",
-						"source": map[string]any{
-							"type":       "base64",
-							"media_type": "image/png",
-							"data":       testImage,
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{Type: "text", Text: ptr("What's in this image?")},
+					{
+						Type: "image",
+						Source: &ImageSource{
+							Type:      "base64",
+							MediaType: "image/png",
+							Data:      testImage,
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -190,15 +195,15 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather in Paris?"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("What's the weather in Paris?")},
 			{
 				Role: "assistant",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":  "tool_use",
-						"id":    "call_123",
-						"name":  "get_weather",
-						"input": map[string]any{"location": "Paris"},
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:  "tool_use",
+						ID:    "call_123",
+						Name:  "get_weather",
+						Input: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -234,11 +239,11 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolResult(t *testing.T) {
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
 			{
 				Role: "user",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":        "tool_result",
-						"tool_use_id": "call_123",
-						"content":     "The weather in Paris is sunny, 22°C",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:      "tool_result",
+						ToolUseID: "call_123",
+						Content:   "The weather in Paris is sunny, 22°C",
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
-		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
 		Tools: []Tool{
 			{
 				Name:        "get_weather",
@@ -305,7 +310,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_DropsCustomWebSearchWhenBuiltinPresent(t *testing.T
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
-		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
 		Tools: []Tool{
 			{
 				Type: "web_search_20250305",
@@ -346,7 +351,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_KeepsCustomWebSearchWhenBuiltinAbsent(t *testing.T)
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
-		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
 		Tools: []Tool{
 			{
 				Type:        "custom",
@@ -377,7 +382,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithThinking(t *testing.T) {
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
-		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
 		Thinking:  &ThinkingConfig{Type: "enabled", BudgetTokens: 1000},
 	}
 
@@ -399,13 +404,13 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingOnlyBlock(t *testing.T) {
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
 			{
 				Role: "assistant",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":     "thinking",
-						"thinking": "Let me think about this...",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:     "thinking",
+						Thinking: ptr("Let me think about this..."),
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -434,10 +439,10 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_ToolUseMissingID(t *testing.T) {
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
 			{
 				Role: "assistant",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type": "tool_use",
-						"name": "get_weather",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type: "tool_use",
+						Name: "get_weather",
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -460,10 +465,10 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_ToolUseMissingName(t *testing.T) {
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
 			{
 				Role: "assistant",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type": "tool_use",
-						"id":   "call_123",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type: "tool_use",
+						ID:   "call_123",
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -483,7 +488,7 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_InvalidToolSchema(t *testing.T) {
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:     "test-model",
 		MaxTokens: 1024,
-		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"}},
+		Messages:  []MessageParam{{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")}},
 		Tools: []Tool{
 			{
 				Name:        "bad_tool",
@@ -548,7 +553,7 @@ func TestToMessagesResponse_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 					ID: "call_123",
 					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
 						Name:      "get_weather",
-						Arguments: testArgs(map[string]any{"location": "Paris"}),
+						Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -760,7 +765,7 @@ func TestStreamConverter_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 					ID: "call_123",
 					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
 						Name:      "get_weather",
-						Arguments: testArgs(map[string]any{"location": "Paris"}),
+						Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -799,6 +804,107 @@ func TestStreamConverter_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestStreamConverter_ThinkingDirectlyFollowedByToolCall verifies that when a
+// model emits a thinking block followed directly by a tool_use block (with no
+// text block in between), the streaming converter correctly closes the thinking
+// block and increments the content index before opening the tool_use block.
+// Previously, the converter reused contentIndex=0 for the tool_use block,
+// which caused "Content block not found" errors in clients. See #14816.
+func TestStreamConverter_ThinkingDirectlyFollowedByToolCall(t *testing.T) {
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+	// First chunk: thinking content (no text)
+	resp1 := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role:     "assistant",
+			Thinking: "I should call the tool.",
+		},
+	}
+	events1 := conv.Process(resp1)
+
+	// Should have: message_start, content_block_start(thinking), content_block_delta(thinking)
+	if len(events1) < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected at least 3 events for thinking chunk, got %d", len(events1))
+	}
+	if events1[0].Event != "message_start" {
+		t.Errorf("expected first event 'message_start', got %q", events1[0].Event)
+	}
+	thinkingStart, ok := events1[1].Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent)
+	if !ok || thinkingStart.ContentBlock.Type != "thinking" {
+		t.Errorf("expected content_block_start(thinking) as second event, got %+v", events1[1])
+	}
+	if thinkingStart.Index != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected thinking block at index 0, got %d", thinkingStart.Index)
+	}
+
+	// Second chunk: tool call (no text between thinking and tool)
+	resp2 := api.ChatResponse{
+		Model: "test-model",
+		Message: api.Message{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID: "call_abc",
+					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+						Name:      "ask_user",
+						Arguments: makeArgs("question", "cats or dogs?"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Done:       true,
+		DoneReason: "stop",
+		Metrics:    api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 10, EvalCount: 5},
+	}
+	events2 := conv.Process(resp2)
+
+	// Expect: content_block_stop(index=0), content_block_start(tool_use, index=1),
+	//         content_block_delta(input_json_delta, index=1), content_block_stop(index=1),
+	//         message_delta, message_stop
+	var thinkingStop, toolStart, toolDelta, toolStop *StreamEvent
+	for i := range events2 {
+		e := &events2[i]
+		switch e.Event {
+		case "content_block_stop":
+			if stop, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStopEvent); ok {
+				if stop.Index == 0 && thinkingStop == nil {
+					thinkingStop = e
+				} else if stop.Index == 1 {
+					toolStop = e
+				}
+			}
+		case "content_block_start":
+			if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok && start.ContentBlock.Type == "tool_use" {
+				toolStart = e
+			}
+		case "content_block_delta":
+			if delta, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockDeltaEvent); ok && delta.Delta.Type == "input_json_delta" {
+				toolDelta = e
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if thinkingStop == nil {
+		t.Error("expected content_block_stop for thinking block (index 0)")
+	}
+	if toolStart == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected content_block_start for tool_use block")
+	}
+	if start, ok := toolStart.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); !ok || start.Index != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool_use block at index 1, got %+v", toolStart.Data)
+	}
+	if toolDelta == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected input_json_delta event for tool call")
+	}
+	if delta, ok := toolDelta.Data.(ContentBlockDeltaEvent); !ok || delta.Index != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool delta at index 1, got %+v", toolDelta.Data)
+	}
+	if toolStop == nil {
+		t.Error("expected content_block_stop for tool_use block (index 1)")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStreamConverter_ToolCallWithUnmarshalableArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that unmarshalable arguments (like channels) are handled gracefully
 	// and don't cause a panic or corrupt stream
@@ -864,7 +970,7 @@ func TestStreamConverter_MultipleToolCallsWithMixedValidity(t *testing.T) {
 					ID: "call_good",
 					Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
 						Name:      "good_function",
-						Arguments: testArgs(map[string]any{"location": "Paris"}),
+						Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
 					},
 				},
 				{
@@ -966,6 +1072,57 @@ func TestContentBlockJSON_EmptyFieldsPresent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestContentBlockJSON_NonToolBlocksDoNotIncludeInput(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		block ContentBlock
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "text block",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type: "text",
+				Text: ptr("hello"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "thinking block",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type:     "thinking",
+				Thinking: ptr("let me think"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "image block",
+			block: ContentBlock{
+				Type: "image",
+				Source: &ImageSource{
+					Type:      "base64",
+					MediaType: "image/png",
+					Data:      testImage,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			data, err := json.Marshal(tt.block)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to marshal: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			var result map[string]any
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if _, ok := result["input"]; ok {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected input field in non-tool block JSON: %s", string(data))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("text block start includes empty text", func(t *testing.T) {
 		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
@@ -986,7 +1143,9 @@ func TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields(t *testing.T) {
 						// Marshal and verify the text field is present
 						data, _ := json.Marshal(start)
 						var result map[string]any
-						json.Unmarshal(data, &result)
+						if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+							t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal content_block_start JSON: %v", err)
+						}
 						cb := result["content_block"].(map[string]any)
 						if _, ok := cb["text"]; !ok {
 							t.Error("content_block_start for text should include 'text' field")
@@ -1033,13 +1192,71 @@ func TestStreamConverter_ContentBlockStartIncludesEmptyFields(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Error("expected thinking content_block_start event")
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("tool_use block start includes empty input object", func(t *testing.T) {
+		conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+		resp := api.ChatResponse{
+			Model: "test-model",
+			Message: api.Message{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{
+					{
+						ID: "call_123",
+						Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+							Name:      "get_weather",
+							Arguments: makeArgs("location", "Paris"),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+
+		events := conv.Process(resp)
+
+		var foundToolStart bool
+		for _, e := range events {
+			if e.Event == "content_block_start" {
+				if start, ok := e.Data.(ContentBlockStartEvent); ok {
+					if start.ContentBlock.Type == "tool_use" {
+						foundToolStart = true
+						if start.ContentBlock.Input.Len() != 0 {
+							t.Errorf("expected empty input object, got len=%d", start.ContentBlock.Input.Len())
+						}
+
+						data, _ := json.Marshal(start)
+						var result map[string]any
+						json.Unmarshal(data, &result)
+						cb := result["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+						input, ok := cb["input"]
+						if !ok {
+							t.Error("content_block_start for tool_use should include 'input' field")
+							continue
+						}
+						inputMap, ok := input.(map[string]any)
+						if !ok {
+							t.Errorf("input field should be an object, got %T", input)
+							continue
+						}
+						if len(inputMap) != 0 {
+							t.Errorf("expected empty input object in content_block_start, got %v", inputMap)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !foundToolStart {
+			t.Error("expected tool_use content_block_start event")
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 func TestEstimateTokens_SimpleMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	req := CountTokensRequest{
 		Model: "test-model",
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello, world!"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello, world!")},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -1060,7 +1277,7 @@ func TestEstimateTokens_WithSystemPrompt(t *testing.T) {
 		Model:  "test-model",
 		System: "You are a helpful assistant.",
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -1076,7 +1293,7 @@ func TestEstimateTokens_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
 	req := CountTokensRequest{
 		Model: "test-model",
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather?"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("What's the weather?")},
 		},
 		Tools: []Tool{
 			{
@@ -1099,17 +1316,17 @@ func TestEstimateTokens_WithThinking(t *testing.T) {
 	req := CountTokensRequest{
 		Model: "test-model",
 		Messages: []MessageParam{
-			{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: textContent("Hello")},
 			{
 				Role: "assistant",
-				Content: []any{
-					map[string]any{
-						"type":     "thinking",
-						"thinking": "Let me think about this carefully...",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:     "thinking",
+						Thinking: ptr("Let me think about this carefully..."),
 					},
-					map[string]any{
-						"type": "text",
-						"text": "Here is my response.",
+					{
+						Type: "text",
+						Text: ptr("Here is my response."),
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -1207,12 +1424,12 @@ func TestConvertTool_RegularTool(t *testing.T) {
 func TestConvertMessage_ServerToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 	msg := MessageParam{
 		Role: "assistant",
-		Content: []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"type":  "server_tool_use",
-				"id":    "srvtoolu_123",
-				"name":  "web_search",
-				"input": map[string]any{"query": "test query"},
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:  "server_tool_use",
+				ID:    "srvtoolu_123",
+				Name:  "web_search",
+				Input: makeArgs("query", "test query"),
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -1243,11 +1460,11 @@ func TestConvertMessage_ServerToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResult(t *testing.T) {
 	msg := MessageParam{
 		Role: "user",
-		Content: []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
-				"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_123",
-				"content": []any{
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:      "web_search_tool_result",
+				ToolUseID: "srvtoolu_123",
+				Content: []any{
 					map[string]any{
 						"type":  "web_search_result",
 						"title": "Test Result",
@@ -1284,11 +1501,11 @@ func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResult(t *testing.T) {
 func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResultEmptyStillCreatesToolMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	msg := MessageParam{
 		Role: "user",
-		Content: []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
-				"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_empty",
-				"content":     []any{},
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:      "web_search_tool_result",
+				ToolUseID: "srvtoolu_empty",
+				Content:   []any{},
 			},
 		},
 	}
@@ -1315,11 +1532,11 @@ func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResultEmptyStillCreatesToolMessage(t *testi
 func TestConvertMessage_WebSearchToolResultErrorStillCreatesToolMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	msg := MessageParam{
 		Role: "user",
-		Content: []any{
-			map[string]any{
-				"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
-				"tool_use_id": "srvtoolu_error",
-				"content": map[string]any{
+		Content: []ContentBlock{
+			{
+				Type:      "web_search_tool_result",
+				ToolUseID: "srvtoolu_error",
+				Content: map[string]any{
 					"type":       "web_search_tool_result_error",
 					"error_code": "max_uses_exceeded",
 				},

api/client.go

@@ -368,6 +368,16 @@ func (c *Client) List(ctx context.Context) (*ListResponse, error) {
 	return &lr, nil
 }
 
+// ModelRecommendationsExperimental lists model recommendations from the local
+// server's experimental recommendations endpoint.
+func (c *Client) ModelRecommendationsExperimental(ctx context.Context) (*ModelRecommendationsResponse, error) {
+	var resp ModelRecommendationsResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/api/experimental/model-recommendations", nil, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
 // ListRunning lists running models.
 func (c *Client) ListRunning(ctx context.Context) (*ProcessResponse, error) {
 	var lr ProcessResponse
@@ -476,25 +486,3 @@ func (c *Client) Whoami(ctx context.Context) (*UserResponse, error) {
 	}
 	return &resp, nil
 }
-
-// AliasRequest is the request body for creating or updating a model alias.
-type AliasRequest struct {
-	Alias          string `json:"alias"`
-	Target         string `json:"target"`
-	PrefixMatching bool   `json:"prefix_matching,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// SetAliasExperimental creates or updates a model alias via the experimental aliases API.
-func (c *Client) SetAliasExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *AliasRequest) error {
-	return c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/experimental/aliases", req, nil)
-}
-
-// AliasDeleteRequest is the request body for deleting a model alias.
-type AliasDeleteRequest struct {
-	Alias string `json:"alias"`
-}
-
-// DeleteAliasExperimental deletes a model alias via the experimental aliases API.
-func (c *Client) DeleteAliasExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *AliasDeleteRequest) error {
-	return c.do(ctx, http.MethodDelete, "/api/experimental/aliases", req, nil)
-}

api/types.go

@@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ type ToolProperty struct {
 	Description string             `json:"description,omitempty"`
 	Enum        []any              `json:"enum,omitempty"`
 	Properties  *ToolPropertiesMap `json:"properties,omitempty"`
+	Required    []string           `json:"required,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ToTypeScriptType converts a ToolProperty to a TypeScript type string
@@ -602,7 +603,7 @@ type Runner struct {
 	NumCtx    int   `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
 	NumBatch  int   `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
 	NumGPU    int   `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
-	MainGPU   int   `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
+	MainGPU   *int  `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
 	UseMMap   *bool `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
 	NumThread int   `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
 }
@@ -801,6 +802,21 @@ type ListResponse struct {
 	Models []ListModelResponse `json:"models"`
 }
 
+// ModelRecommendationsResponse is the response from [Client.ModelRecommendationsExperimental].
+type ModelRecommendationsResponse struct {
+	Recommendations []ModelRecommendation `json:"recommendations"`
+}
+
+// ModelRecommendation is a single recommendation entry in [ModelRecommendationsResponse].
+type ModelRecommendation struct {
+	Model           string `json:"model"`
+	Description     string `json:"description"`
+	ContextLength   int    `json:"context_length,omitempty"`
+	MaxOutputTokens int    `json:"max_output_tokens,omitempty"`
+	VRAMBytes       int64  `json:"vram_bytes,omitempty"`
+	RequiredPlan    string `json:"required_plan,omitempty"`
+}
+
 // ProcessResponse is the response from [Client.Process].
 type ProcessResponse struct {
 	Models []ProcessModelResponse `json:"models"`
@@ -1030,14 +1046,25 @@ func (opts *Options) FromMap(m map[string]any) error {
 				}
 				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(slice))
 			case reflect.Pointer:
-				var b bool
-				if field.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(&b) {
+				switch field.Type().Elem().Kind() {
+				case reflect.Bool:
 					val, ok := val.(bool)
 					if !ok {
 						return fmt.Errorf("option %q must be of type boolean", key)
 					}
 					field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&val))
-				} else {
+				case reflect.Int:
+					var i int
+					switch t := val.(type) {
+					case int64:
+						i = int(t)
+					case float64:
+						i = int(t)
+					default:
+						return fmt.Errorf("option %q must be of type integer", key)
+					}
+					field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&i))
+				default:
 					return fmt.Errorf("unknown type loading config params: %v %v", field.Kind(), field.Type())
 				}
 			default:
@@ -1079,7 +1106,7 @@ func DefaultOptions() Options {
 	}
 }
 
-// ThinkValue represents a value that can be a boolean or a string ("high", "medium", "low")
+// ThinkValue represents a value that can be a boolean or a string ("high", "medium", "low", "max")
 type ThinkValue struct {
 	// Value can be a bool or string
 	Value interface{}
@@ -1095,7 +1122,7 @@ func (t *ThinkValue) IsValid() bool {
 	case bool:
 		return true
 	case string:
-		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low"
+		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low" || v == "max"
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
@@ -1129,8 +1156,8 @@ func (t *ThinkValue) Bool() bool {
 	case bool:
 		return v
 	case string:
-		// Any string value ("high", "medium", "low") means thinking is enabled
-		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low"
+		// Any string value ("high", "medium", "low", "max") means thinking is enabled
+		return v == "high" || v == "medium" || v == "low" || v == "max"
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
@@ -1168,14 +1195,14 @@ func (t *ThinkValue) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	var s string
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err == nil {
 		// Validate string values
-		if s != "high" && s != "medium" && s != "low" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid think value: %q (must be \"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", true, or false)", s)
+		if s != "high" && s != "medium" && s != "low" && s != "max" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid think value: %q (must be \"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", \"max\", true, or false)", s)
 		}
 		t.Value = s
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Errorf("think must be a boolean or string (\"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", true, or false)")
+	return fmt.Errorf("think must be a boolean or string (\"high\", \"medium\", \"low\", \"max\", true, or false)")
 }
 
 // MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler
@@ -1278,14 +1305,20 @@ func FormatParams(params map[string][]string) (map[string]any, error) {
 					// TODO: only string slices are supported right now
 					out[key] = vals
 				case reflect.Pointer:
-					var b bool
-					if field.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(&b) {
+					switch field.Type().Elem().Kind() {
+					case reflect.Bool:
 						boolVal, err := strconv.ParseBool(vals[0])
 						if err != nil {
 							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid bool value %s", vals)
 						}
 						out[key] = &boolVal
-					} else {
+					case reflect.Int:
+						intVal, err := strconv.ParseInt(vals[0], 10, 64)
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid int value %s", vals)
+						}
+						out[key] = intVal
+					default:
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown type %s for %s", field.Kind(), key)
 					}
 				default:

api/types_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ func testPropsMap(m map[string]ToolProperty) *ToolPropertiesMap {
 	return props
 }
 
+func testIntPtr(v int) *int {
+	return &v
+}
+
 // testArgs creates ToolCallFunctionArguments from a map (convenience function for tests, order not preserved)
 func testArgs(m map[string]any) ToolCallFunctionArguments {
 	args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
@@ -168,6 +172,47 @@ func TestUseMmapParsingFromJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMainGPUParsingFromJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		req     string
+		wantGPU *int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Undefined",
+			req:  `{}`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Zero",
+			req:     `{ "main_gpu": 0 }`,
+			wantGPU: testIntPtr(0),
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Nonzero",
+			req:     `{ "main_gpu": 1 }`,
+			wantGPU: testIntPtr(1),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var oMap map[string]any
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(test.req), &oMap)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			opts := DefaultOptions()
+			err = opts.FromMap(oMap)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if test.wantGPU == nil {
+				assert.Nil(t, opts.MainGPU)
+			} else if assert.NotNil(t, opts.MainGPU) {
+				assert.Equal(t, *test.wantGPU, *opts.MainGPU)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUseMmapFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
 	tr := true
 	fa := false
@@ -232,6 +277,12 @@ func TestUseMmapFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMainGPUFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
+	resp, err := FormatParams(map[string][]string{"main_gpu": {"0"}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), resp["main_gpu"])
+}
+
 func TestMessage_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		input    string
@@ -495,6 +546,11 @@ func TestThinking_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 			input:            `{ "think": "low" }`,
 			expectedThinking: &ThinkValue{Value: "low"},
 		},
+		{
+			name:             "string_max",
+			input:            `{ "think": "max" }`,
+			expectedThinking: &ThinkValue{Value: "max"},
+		},
 		{
 			name:             "invalid_string",
 			input:            `{ "think": "invalid" }`,

app/cmd/app/app.go

@@ -157,10 +157,6 @@ func main() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if u := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_UPDATE_URL"); u != "" {
-		updater.UpdateCheckURLBase = u
-	}
-
 	// Detect if this is a first start after an upgrade, in
 	// which case we need to do some cleanup
 	var skipMove bool

app/ollama.iss

@@ -90,9 +90,8 @@ DialogFontSize=12
 [Files]
 #if FileExists("..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe")
 Source: "..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; DestName: "{#MyAppExeName}" ;Check: not IsArm64();  Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('{#MyAppExeName}')
-Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\vc_redist.x64.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Check: not IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); Flags: deleteafterinstall
 Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\ollama.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('ollama.exe')
-Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\lib\ollama\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
+Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\lib\ollama\*"; Excludes: "\mlx_*\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
 #endif
 
 ; For local development, rely on binary compatibility at runtime since we can't cross compile
@@ -103,7 +102,6 @@ Source: "..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; DestName: "{#M
 #endif
 
 #if FileExists("..\dist\windows-arm64\ollama.exe")
-Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\vc_redist.arm64.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Check: IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); Flags: deleteafterinstall
 Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\ollama.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; Check: IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('ollama.exe')
 #endif
 
@@ -118,12 +116,6 @@ Name: "{userprograms}\{#MyAppName}"; Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"; IconFile
 Type: files; Name: "{%LOCALAPPDATA}\Ollama\updates"
 
 [Run]
-#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-arm64")
-Filename: "{tmp}\vc_redist.arm64.exe"; Parameters: "/install /passive /norestart"; Check: IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); StatusMsg: "Installing VC++ Redistributables..."; Flags: waituntilterminated
-#endif
-#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-amd64")
-Filename: "{tmp}\vc_redist.x64.exe"; Parameters: "/install /passive /norestart"; Check: not IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); StatusMsg: "Installing VC++ Redistributables..."; Flags: waituntilterminated
-#endif
 Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/C set PATH={app};%PATH% & ""{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"""; Flags: postinstall nowait runhidden
 
 [UninstallRun]
@@ -184,46 +176,6 @@ begin
   Result := Pos(';' + ExpandConstant(Param) + ';', ';' + OrigPath + ';') = 0;
 end;
 
-{ --- VC Runtime libraries discovery code - Only install vc_redist if it isn't already installed ----- }
-const VCRTL_MIN_V1 = 14;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V2 = 40;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V3 = 33807;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V4 = 0;
-
- // check if the minimum required vc redist is installed (by looking the registry)
-function vc_redist_needed (): Boolean;
-var
-  sRegKey: string;
-  v1: Cardinal;
-  v2: Cardinal;
-  v3: Cardinal;
-  v4: Cardinal;
-begin
-  if (IsArm64()) then begin
-    sRegKey := 'SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0\VC\Runtimes\arm64';
-  end else begin
-    sRegKey := 'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0\VC\Runtimes\x64';
-  end;
-  if (RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Major', v1)  and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Minor', v2) and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Bld', v3) and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'RBld', v4)) then
-  begin
-    Log ('VC Redist version: ' + IntToStr (v1) +
-        '.' + IntToStr (v2) + '.' + IntToStr (v3) +
-        '.' + IntToStr (v4));
-    { Version info was found. Return true if later or equal to our
-       minimal required version RTL_MIN_Vx }
-    Result := not (
-        (v1 > VCRTL_MIN_V1) or ((v1 = VCRTL_MIN_V1) and
-         ((v2 > VCRTL_MIN_V2) or ((v2 = VCRTL_MIN_V2) and
-          ((v3 > VCRTL_MIN_V3) or ((v3 = VCRTL_MIN_V3) and
-           (v4 >= VCRTL_MIN_V4)))))));
-  end
-  else
-    Result := TRUE;
-end;
-
 function GetDirSize(Path: String): Int64;
 var
   FindRec: TFindRec;

app/server/server.go

@@ -83,6 +83,29 @@ func resolvePath(name string) string {
 	return name
 }
 
+func ollamaServeArgs(args []string) bool {
+	if len(args) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	switch strings.Trim(filepath.Base(args[0]), `"`) {
+	case "ollama", "ollama.exe":
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, rawArg := range args[1:] {
+		arg := strings.Trim(rawArg, `"`)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return arg == "serve" || arg == "start"
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
 // cleanup checks the pid file for a running ollama process
 // and shuts it down gracefully if it is running
 func cleanup() error {

app/server/server_test.go

@@ -205,6 +205,63 @@ func TestServerCmdCloudSettingEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestOllamaServeArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "system ollama serve",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "serve"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "relative path ollama serve",
+			args: []string{"./ollama", "serve"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "serve after other flags",
+			args: []string{"./ollama", "--verbose", "serve"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "start alias",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "start"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "launch command",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "launch", "opencode"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "run command with model named serve",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "run", "serve"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "launch command with serve in passthrough args",
+			args: []string{"ollama", "launch", "codex", "--", "-p", "serve"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "different executable",
+			args: []string{"go", "run", "serve"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := ollamaServeArgs(tt.args); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("ollamaServeArgs(%v) = %v, want %v", tt.args, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGetInferenceInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name             string

app/server/server_unix.go

@@ -46,7 +46,17 @@ func terminated(pid int) (bool, error) {
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-// reapServers kills all ollama processes except our own
+func ollamaServeProcess(pid int) bool {
+	output, err := exec.Command("ps", "-p", strconv.Itoa(pid), "-o", "args=").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("failed to inspect ollama process", "pid", pid, "err", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return ollamaServeArgs(strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(string(output))))
+}
+
+// reapServers kills external ollama serve processes except our own.
 func reapServers() error {
 	// Get our own PID to avoid killing ourselves
 	currentPID := os.Getpid()
@@ -82,6 +92,9 @@ func reapServers() error {
 		if pid == currentPID {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !ollamaServeProcess(pid) {
+			continue
+		}
 
 		proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
 		if err != nil {

app/server/server_windows.go

@@ -101,7 +101,29 @@ func terminated(pid int) (bool, error) {
 	return true, nil
 }
 
-// reapServers kills all ollama processes except our own
+func ollamaServeProcess(pid int) bool {
+	cmd := exec.Command("wmic", "process", "where", fmt.Sprintf("ProcessId=%d", pid), "get", "CommandLine", "/value")
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{HideWindow: true}
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Debug("failed to inspect ollama process", "pid", pid, "err", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(output), "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		commandLine, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "CommandLine=")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return ollamaServeArgs(strings.Fields(strings.ToLower(commandLine)))
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// reapServers kills external ollama serve processes except our own.
 func reapServers() error {
 	// Get current process ID to avoid killing ourselves
 	currentPID := os.Getpid()
@@ -138,6 +160,9 @@ func reapServers() error {
 		if pid == currentPID {
 			continue
 		}
+		if !ollamaServeProcess(pid) {
+			continue
+		}
 
 		cmd := exec.Command("taskkill", "/F", "/PID", pidStr)
 		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {

app/store/database.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 // currentSchemaVersion defines the current database schema version.
 // Increment this when making schema changes that require migrations.
-const currentSchemaVersion = 15
+const currentSchemaVersion = 16
 
 // database wraps the SQLite connection.
 // SQLite handles its own locking for concurrent access:
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ func (db *database) init() error {
 		websearch_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		selected_model TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 		sidebar_open BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+		last_home_view TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'launch',
 		think_enabled BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
 		think_level TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
 		cloud_setting_migrated BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
@@ -264,6 +265,12 @@ func (db *database) migrate() error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("migrate v14 to v15: %w", err)
 			}
 			version = 15
+		case 15:
+			// add last_home_view column to settings table
+			if err := db.migrateV15ToV16(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("migrate v15 to v16: %w", err)
+			}
+			version = 16
 		default:
 			// If we have a version we don't recognize, just set it to current
 			// This might happen during development
@@ -518,6 +525,21 @@ func (db *database) migrateV14ToV15() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// migrateV15ToV16 adds the last_home_view column to the settings table
+func (db *database) migrateV15ToV16() error {
+	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`ALTER TABLE settings ADD COLUMN last_home_view TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'launch'`)
+	if err != nil && !duplicateColumnError(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add last_home_view column: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.conn.Exec(`UPDATE settings SET schema_version = 16`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update schema version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // cleanupOrphanedData removes orphaned records that may exist due to the foreign key bug
 func (db *database) cleanupOrphanedData() error {
 	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`
@@ -1166,9 +1188,9 @@ func (db *database) getSettings() (Settings, error) {
 	var s Settings
 
 	err := db.conn.QueryRow(`
-		SELECT expose, survey, browser, models, agent, tools, working_dir, context_length, turbo_enabled, websearch_enabled, selected_model, sidebar_open, think_enabled, think_level, auto_update_enabled
+		SELECT expose, survey, browser, models, agent, tools, working_dir, context_length, turbo_enabled, websearch_enabled, selected_model, sidebar_open, last_home_view, think_enabled, think_level, auto_update_enabled
 		FROM settings
-	`).Scan(&s.Expose, &s.Survey, &s.Browser, &s.Models, &s.Agent, &s.Tools, &s.WorkingDir, &s.ContextLength, &s.TurboEnabled, &s.WebSearchEnabled, &s.SelectedModel, &s.SidebarOpen, &s.ThinkEnabled, &s.ThinkLevel, &s.AutoUpdateEnabled)
+	`).Scan(&s.Expose, &s.Survey, &s.Browser, &s.Models, &s.Agent, &s.Tools, &s.WorkingDir, &s.ContextLength, &s.TurboEnabled, &s.WebSearchEnabled, &s.SelectedModel, &s.SidebarOpen, &s.LastHomeView, &s.ThinkEnabled, &s.ThinkLevel, &s.AutoUpdateEnabled)
 	if err != nil {
 		return Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("get settings: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -1177,10 +1199,29 @@ func (db *database) getSettings() (Settings, error) {
 }
 
 func (db *database) setSettings(s Settings) error {
+	lastHomeView := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(s.LastHomeView))
+	validLaunchView := map[string]struct{}{
+		"launch":         {},
+		"openclaw":       {},
+		"claude":         {},
+		"claude-desktop": {},
+		"hermes":         {},
+		"codex":          {},
+		"copilot":        {},
+		"opencode":       {},
+		"droid":          {},
+		"pi":             {},
+	}
+	if lastHomeView != "chat" {
+		if _, ok := validLaunchView[lastHomeView]; !ok {
+			lastHomeView = "launch"
+		}
+	}
+
 	_, err := db.conn.Exec(`
 		UPDATE settings
-		SET expose = ?, survey = ?, browser = ?, models = ?, agent = ?, tools = ?, working_dir = ?, context_length = ?, turbo_enabled = ?, websearch_enabled = ?, selected_model = ?, sidebar_open = ?, think_enabled = ?, think_level = ?, auto_update_enabled = ?
-	`, s.Expose, s.Survey, s.Browser, s.Models, s.Agent, s.Tools, s.WorkingDir, s.ContextLength, s.TurboEnabled, s.WebSearchEnabled, s.SelectedModel, s.SidebarOpen, s.ThinkEnabled, s.ThinkLevel, s.AutoUpdateEnabled)
+		SET expose = ?, survey = ?, browser = ?, models = ?, agent = ?, tools = ?, working_dir = ?, context_length = ?, turbo_enabled = ?, websearch_enabled = ?, selected_model = ?, sidebar_open = ?, last_home_view = ?, think_enabled = ?, think_level = ?, auto_update_enabled = ?
+	`, s.Expose, s.Survey, s.Browser, s.Models, s.Agent, s.Tools, s.WorkingDir, s.ContextLength, s.TurboEnabled, s.WebSearchEnabled, s.SelectedModel, s.SidebarOpen, lastHomeView, s.ThinkEnabled, s.ThinkLevel, s.AutoUpdateEnabled)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("set settings: %w", err)
 	}

app/store/database_test.go

@@ -135,6 +135,45 @@ func TestMigrationV13ToV14ContextLength(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMigrationV15ToV16LastHomeViewDefaultsToLaunch(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.db")
+
+	db, err := newDatabase(dbPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create database: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	if _, err := db.conn.Exec(`
+		ALTER TABLE settings DROP COLUMN last_home_view;
+		UPDATE settings SET schema_version = 15;
+	`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seed v15 settings row: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := db.migrate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("migration from v15 to v16 failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var lastHomeView string
+	if err := db.conn.QueryRow("SELECT last_home_view FROM settings").Scan(&lastHomeView); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read last_home_view: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if lastHomeView != "launch" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected last_home_view to default to launch after migration, got %q", lastHomeView)
+	}
+
+	version, err := db.getSchemaVersion()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to get schema version: %v", err)
+	}
+	if version != currentSchemaVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("expected schema version %d, got %d", currentSchemaVersion, version)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestChatDeletionWithCascade(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("chat deletion cascades to related messages", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()

app/store/store.go

@@ -167,6 +167,9 @@ type Settings struct {
 	// SidebarOpen indicates if the chat sidebar is open
 	SidebarOpen bool
 
+	// LastHomeView stores the preferred home route target ("chat" or integration name)
+	LastHomeView string
+
 	// AutoUpdateEnabled indicates if automatic updates should be downloaded
 	AutoUpdateEnabled bool
 }
@@ -389,6 +392,10 @@ func (s *Store) Settings() (Settings, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if settings.LastHomeView == "" {
+		settings.LastHomeView = "launch"
+	}
+
 	return settings, nil
 }
 

app/store/store_test.go

@@ -81,6 +81,32 @@ func TestStore(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("settings default home view is launch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		loaded, err := s.Settings()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if loaded.LastHomeView != "launch" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected default LastHomeView to be launch, got %q", loaded.LastHomeView)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("settings empty home view falls back to launch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := s.SetSettings(Settings{LastHomeView: ""}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		loaded, err := s.Settings()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if loaded.LastHomeView != "launch" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected empty LastHomeView to fall back to launch, got %q", loaded.LastHomeView)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("window size", func(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := s.SetWindowSize(1024, 768); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)

app/ui/app/codegen/gotypes.gen.ts

@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@ export class Settings {
     ThinkLevel: string;
     SelectedModel: string;
     SidebarOpen: boolean;
+    LastHomeView: string;
     AutoUpdateEnabled: boolean;
 
     constructor(source: any = {}) {
@@ -432,6 +433,7 @@ export class Settings {
         this.ThinkLevel = source["ThinkLevel"];
         this.SelectedModel = source["SelectedModel"];
         this.SidebarOpen = source["SidebarOpen"];
+        this.LastHomeView = source["LastHomeView"];
         this.AutoUpdateEnabled = source["AutoUpdateEnabled"];
     }
 }
@@ -550,14 +552,12 @@ export class Error {
     }
 }
 export class ModelUpstreamResponse {
-    digest?: string;
-    pushTime: number;
+    stale: boolean;
     error?: string;
 
     constructor(source: any = {}) {
         if ('string' === typeof source) source = JSON.parse(source);
-        this.digest = source["digest"];
-        this.pushTime = source["pushTime"];
+        this.stale = source["stale"];
         this.error = source["error"];
     }
 }

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/claude-code.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg height="1em" style="flex:none;line-height:1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>Claude Code</title><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.998 10.949H24v3.102h-3v3.028h-1.487V20H18v-2.921h-1.487V20H15v-2.921H9V20H7.488v-2.921H6V20H4.487v-2.921H3V14.05H0V10.95h3V5h17.998v5.949zM6 10.949h1.488V8.102H6v2.847zm10.51 0H18V8.102h-1.49v2.847z" fill="#D97757" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/claude.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- Generated by Pixelmator Pro 3.6.17 -->
+<svg width="1200" height="1200" viewBox="0 0 1200 1200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+    <g id="g314">
+        <path id="path147" fill="#d97757" stroke="none" d="M 233.959793 800.214905 L 468.644287 668.536987 L 472.590637 657.100647 L 468.644287 650.738403 L 457.208069 650.738403 L 417.986633 648.322144 L 283.892639 644.69812 L 167.597321 639.865845 L 54.926208 633.825623 L 26.577238 627.785339 L 3.3e-05 592.751709 L 2.73832 575.27533 L 26.577238 559.248352 L 60.724873 562.228149 L 136.187973 567.382629 L 249.422867 575.194763 L 331.570496 580.026978 L 453.261841 592.671082 L 472.590637 592.671082 L 475.328857 584.859009 L 468.724915 580.026978 L 463.570557 575.194763 L 346.389313 495.785217 L 219.543671 411.865906 L 153.100723 363.543762 L 117.181267 339.060425 L 99.060455 316.107361 L 91.248367 266.01355 L 123.865784 230.093994 L 167.677887 233.073853 L 178.872513 236.053772 L 223.248367 270.201477 L 318.040283 343.570496 L 441.825592 434.738342 L 459.946411 449.798706 L 467.194672 444.64447 L 468.080597 441.020203 L 459.946411 427.409485 L 392.617493 305.718323 L 320.778564 181.932983 L 288.80542 130.630859 L 280.348999 99.865845 C 277.369171 87.221436 275.194641 76.590698 275.194641 63.624268 L 312.322174 13.20813 L 332.8591 6.604126 L 382.389313 13.20813 L 403.248352 31.328979 L 434.013519 101.71814 L 483.865753 212.537048 L 561.181274 363.221497 L 583.812134 407.919434 L 595.892639 449.315491 L 600.40271 461.959839 L 608.214783 461.959839 L 608.214783 454.711609 L 614.577271 369.825623 L 626.335632 265.61084 L 637.771851 131.516846 L 641.718201 93.745117 L 660.402832 48.483276 L 697.530334 24.000122 L 726.52356 37.852417 L 750.362549 72 L 747.060486 94.067139 L 732.886047 186.201416 L 705.100708 330.52356 L 686.979919 427.167847 L 697.530334 427.167847 L 709.61084 415.087341 L 758.496704 350.174561 L 840.644348 247.490051 L 876.885925 206.738342 L 919.167847 161.71814 L 946.308838 140.29541 L 997.61084 140.29541 L 1035.38269 196.429626 L 1018.469849 254.416199 L 965.637634 321.422852 L 921.825562 378.201538 L 859.006714 462.765259 L 819.785278 530.41626 L 823.409424 535.812073 L 832.75177 534.92627 L 974.657776 504.724915 L 1051.328979 490.872559 L 1142.818848 475.167786 L 1184.214844 494.496582 L 1188.724854 514.147644 L 1172.456421 554.335693 L 1074.604126 578.496765 L 959.838989 601.449829 L 788.939636 641.879272 L 786.845764 643.409485 L 789.261841 646.389343 L 866.255127 653.637634 L 899.194702 655.409424 L 979.812134 655.409424 L 1129.932861 666.604187 L 1169.154419 692.537109 L 1192.671265 724.268677 L 1188.724854 748.429688 L 1128.322144 779.194641 L 1046.818848 759.865845 L 856.590759 714.604126 L 791.355774 698.335754 L 782.335693 698.335754 L 782.335693 703.731567 L 836.69812 756.885986 L 936.322205 846.845581 L 1061.073975 962.81897 L 1067.436279 991.490112 L 1051.409424 1014.120911 L 1034.496704 1011.704712 L 924.885986 929.234924 L 882.604126 892.107544 L 786.845764 811.48999 L 780.483276 811.48999 L 780.483276 819.946289 L 802.550415 852.241699 L 919.087341 1027.409424 L 925.127625 1081.127686 L 916.671204 1098.604126 L 886.469849 1109.154419 L 853.288696 1103.114136 L 785.073914 1007.355835 L 714.684631 899.516785 L 657.906067 802.872498 L 650.979858 806.81897 L 617.476624 1167.704834 L 601.771851 1186.147705 L 565.530212 1200 L 535.328857 1177.046997 L 519.302124 1139.919556 L 535.328857 1066.550537 L 554.657776 970.792053 L 570.362488 894.68457 L 584.536926 800.134277 L 592.993347 768.724976 L 592.429626 766.630859 L 585.503479 767.516968 L 514.22821 865.369263 L 405.825531 1011.865906 L 320.053711 1103.677979 L 299.516815 1111.812256 L 263.919525 1093.369263 L 267.221497 1060.429688 L 287.114136 1031.114136 L 405.825531 880.107361 L 477.422913 786.52356 L 523.651062 732.483276 L 523.328918 724.671265 L 520.590698 724.671265 L 205.288605 929.395935 L 149.154434 936.644409 L 124.993355 914.01355 L 127.973183 876.885986 L 139.409409 864.80542 L 234.201385 799.570435 L 233.879227 799.8927 Z"/>
+    </g>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/codex-dark.svg

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app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/codex.svg

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app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/copilot-dark.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/copilot.svg

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app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/hermes-agent.svg

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1000" height="1000" viewBox="0 0 1000 1000"><circle cx="500.0" cy="500.0" r="500.0" fill="white"/><g transform="translate(100.0 100.0) scale(0.8333333333333334)"><g transform="translate(0.000000,960.000000) scale(0.100000,-0.100000)"
+fill="black" stroke="none">
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	<g>
+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	<g>
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+	<g>
+	</g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s44" d="m302.5 373.5q0.21 2.44-2 3.5-28.69 7.6-50.5-12.5-0.06-6.71 6.5-9 4.45-0.75 9-1 22.26 2.27 37 19z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s45" d="m100.5 356.5q5.42 2.71 11 5.5-13.04 7.54-18.5 21.5-7.57-7.14-10.5-17 5.58 1.54 10 5.5 4.2 0.84 5.5-3.5 1.41-5.99 2.5-12z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s8" d="m83.5 394.5q-18.9-10.15-29.5-29-1.54-3.52-2-7 5.79 2.39 10 7 7.82 16.63 21.5 29z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s46" d="m232.5 365.5q17.6 6.19 10.5 23-10.6 10.42-25.5 11.5-25.94 3.21-49-9 36.75-1.65 64-25.5z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s47" d="m113.5 367.5q7.7-0.01 9.5 7-9.69 7.19-18.5 15.5-7.23 5.76-5.5-3.5 3.12-12.84 14.5-19z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
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+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s48" d="m283.5 385.5q3.22 2.95 7 5.5 2.8 4.03 6 7.5 0.42 2.77-2 4-15.5-9.75-31-19.5-1.79-0.98 0-1.5 9.96 2.49 20 4z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s49" d="m283.5 385.5q8.71-1.27 11.5 7 1.22 2.9 1.5 6-3.2-3.47-6-7.5-3.78-2.55-7-5.5z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s50" d="m83.5 394.5q1.88-0.06 3 1.5-2.25 0.88-3-1.5z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s51" d="m258.5 392.5q3.51 0.41 0 2.5-2.33 1.93-5 2 2.61-2.28 5-4.5z"/>
+	</g>
+	<g>
+		<path fill-rule="evenodd" class="s52" d="m111.5 392.5q0.09-0.81 1-1 1.48 4.9 1 10-1-4.5-2-9z"/>
+	</g>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/opencode.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="512" height="512"><svg width="512" height="512" viewBox="0 0 512 512" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<rect width="512" height="512" fill="#131010"></rect>
+<path d="M320 224V352H192V224H320Z" fill="#5A5858"></path>
+<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M384 416H128V96H384V416ZM320 160H192V352H320V160Z" fill="white"></path>
+</svg><style>@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) { :root { filter: none; } }
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { :root { filter: none; } }
+</style></svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/pi-dark.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800">
+  <rect width="800" height="800" rx="160" fill="#fff"/>
+  <path fill="#000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="
+    M165.29 165.29 H517.36 V400 H400 V517.36 H282.65 V634.72 H165.29 Z
+    M282.65 282.65 V400 H400 V282.65 Z
+  "/>
+  <path fill="#000" d="M517.36 400 H634.72 V634.72 H517.36 Z"/>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/public/launch-icons/pi.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800">
+  <rect width="800" height="800" rx="160" fill="#000"/>
+  <path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="
+    M165.29 165.29 H517.36 V400 H400 V517.36 H282.65 V634.72 H165.29 Z
+    M282.65 282.65 V400 H400 V282.65 Z
+  "/>
+  <path fill="#fff" d="M517.36 400 H634.72 V634.72 H517.36 Z"/>
+</svg>

app/ui/app/src/api.ts

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ export async function getModels(query?: string): Promise<Model[]> {
       // Add query if it's in the registry and not already in the list
       if (!exactMatch) {
         const result = await getModelUpstreamInfo(new Model({ model: query }));
-        const existsUpstream = !!result.digest && !result.error;
+        const existsUpstream = result.exists;
         if (existsUpstream) {
           filteredModels.push(new Model({ model: query }));
         }
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ export async function deleteChat(chatId: string): Promise<void> {
 // Get upstream information for model staleness checking
 export async function getModelUpstreamInfo(
   model: Model,
-): Promise<{ digest?: string; pushTime: number; error?: string }> {
+): Promise<{ stale: boolean; exists: boolean; error?: string }> {
   try {
     const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/v1/model/upstream`, {
       method: "POST",
@@ -353,22 +353,22 @@ export async function getModelUpstreamInfo(
 
     if (!response.ok) {
       console.warn(
-        `Failed to check upstream digest for ${model.model}: ${response.status}`,
+        `Failed to check upstream for ${model.model}: ${response.status}`,
       );
-      return { pushTime: 0 };
+      return { stale: false, exists: false };
     }
 
     const data = await response.json();
 
     if (data.error) {
-      console.warn(`Upstream digest check: ${data.error}`);
-      return { error: data.error, pushTime: 0 };
+      console.warn(`Upstream check: ${data.error}`);
+      return { stale: false, exists: false, error: data.error };
     }
 
-    return { digest: data.digest, pushTime: data.pushTime || 0 };
+    return { stale: !!data.stale, exists: true };
   } catch (error) {
     console.warn(`Error checking model staleness:`, error);
-    return { pushTime: 0 };
+    return { stale: false, exists: false };
   }
 }
 
@@ -406,6 +406,31 @@ export async function* pullModel(
   }
 }
 
+export interface ModelRecommendation {
+  model: string;
+  description: string;
+  context_length?: number;
+  max_output_tokens?: number;
+  vram_bytes?: number;
+}
+
+export interface ModelRecommendationsResponse {
+  recommendations: ModelRecommendation[];
+}
+
+export async function getModelRecommendations(): Promise<ModelRecommendation[]> {
+  const response = await fetch(
+    `${API_BASE}/api/experimental/model-recommendations`,
+  );
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Failed to fetch model recommendations: ${response.statusText}`,
+    );
+  }
+  const data: ModelRecommendationsResponse = await response.json();
+  return data.recommendations || [];
+}
+
 export async function getInferenceCompute(): Promise<InferenceComputeResponse> {
   const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/api/v1/inference-compute`);
   if (!response.ok) {

app/ui/app/src/components/ChatForm.tsx

@@ -480,13 +480,15 @@ function ChatForm({
       return;
     }
 
-    // Prepare attachments for submission
-    const attachmentsToSend: FileAttachment[] = message.attachments.map(
-      (att) => ({
+    // Prepare attachments for submission, excluding unsupported images
+    const attachmentsToSend: FileAttachment[] = message.attachments
+      .filter(
+        (att) => hasVisionCapability || !isImageFile(att.filename),
+      )
+      .map((att) => ({
         filename: att.filename,
         data: att.data || new Uint8Array(0), // Empty data for existing files
-      }),
-    );
+      }));
 
     const useWebSearch =
       supportsWebSearch && webSearchEnabled && !cloudDisabled;
@@ -736,10 +738,17 @@ function ChatForm({
         )}
         {(message.attachments.length > 0 || message.fileErrors.length > 0) && (
           <div className="flex gap-2 overflow-x-auto px-3 pt pb-3 w-full scrollbar-hide">
-            {message.attachments.map((attachment, index) => (
+            {message.attachments.map((attachment, index) => {
+              const isUnsupportedImage =
+                !hasVisionCapability && isImageFile(attachment.filename);
+              return (
               <div
                 key={attachment.id}
-                className="group flex items-center gap-2 py-2 px-3 rounded-lg bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-700/50 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700 transition-colors flex-shrink-0"
+                className={`group flex items-center gap-2 py-2 px-3 rounded-lg transition-colors flex-shrink-0 ${
+                  isUnsupportedImage
+                    ? "bg-red-50 dark:bg-red-900/20 border border-red-200 dark:border-red-800"
+                    : "bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-700/50 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700"
+                }`}
               >
                 {isImageFile(attachment.filename) ? (
                   <ImageThumbnail
@@ -764,9 +773,16 @@ function ChatForm({
                     />
                   </svg>
                 )}
-                <span className="text-sm text-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-300 max-w-[150px] truncate">
-                  {attachment.filename}
-                </span>
+                <div className="flex flex-col min-w-0">
+                  <span className={`text-sm max-w-36 truncate ${isUnsupportedImage ? "text-red-700 dark:text-red-300" : "text-neutral-700 dark:text-neutral-300"}`}>
+                    {attachment.filename}
+                  </span>
+                  {isUnsupportedImage && (
+                    <span className="text-xs text-red-600 dark:text-red-400 opacity-75">
+                      This model does not support images
+                    </span>
+                  )}
+                </div>
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   onClick={() => removeFile(index)}
@@ -788,7 +804,8 @@ function ChatForm({
                   </svg>
                 </button>
               </div>
-            ))}
+              );
+            })}
             {message.fileErrors.map((fileError, index) => (
               <div
                 key={`error-${index}`}

app/ui/app/src/components/ChatSidebar.tsx

@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ import { getChat } from "@/api";
 import { Link } from "@/components/ui/link";
 import { useState, useRef, useEffect, useCallback, useMemo } from "react";
 import { ChatsResponse } from "@/gotypes";
-import { CogIcon } from "@heroicons/react/24/outline";
+import { CogIcon, RocketLaunchIcon } from "@heroicons/react/24/outline";
 
 // there's a hidden debug feature to copy a chat's data to the clipboard by
 // holding shift and clicking this many times within this many seconds
 const DEBUG_SHIFT_CLICKS_REQUIRED = 5;
 const DEBUG_SHIFT_CLICK_WINDOW_MS = 7000; // 7 seconds
+const launchSidebarRequestedKey = "ollama.launchSidebarRequested";
 
 interface ChatSidebarProps {
   currentChatId?: string;
@@ -267,9 +268,8 @@ export function ChatSidebar({ currentChatId }: ChatSidebarProps) {
         <Link
           href="/c/new"
           mask={{ to: "/" }}
-          className={`flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-2 text-left text-sm text-neutral-700 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-100 ${
-            currentChatId === "new" ? "bg-neutral-100 dark:bg-neutral-800" : ""
-          }`}
+          className={`flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-2 text-left text-sm text-neutral-700 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-100 ${currentChatId === "new" ? "bg-neutral-100 dark:bg-neutral-800" : ""
+            }`}
           draggable={false}
         >
           <svg
@@ -283,6 +283,23 @@ export function ChatSidebar({ currentChatId }: ChatSidebarProps) {
           </svg>
           <span className="truncate">New Chat</span>
         </Link>
+        <Link
+          to="/c/$chatId"
+          params={{ chatId: "launch" }}
+          onClick={() => {
+            if (currentChatId !== "launch") {
+              sessionStorage.setItem(launchSidebarRequestedKey, "1");
+            }
+          }}
+          className={`flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-2 text-left text-sm text-neutral-700 hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-100 cursor-pointer ${currentChatId === "launch"
+            ? "bg-neutral-100 dark:bg-neutral-800"
+            : ""
+            }`}
+          draggable={false}
+        >
+          <RocketLaunchIcon className="h-5 w-5 stroke-current" />
+          <span className="truncate">Launch</span>
+        </Link>
         {isWindows && (
           <Link
             href="/settings"
@@ -304,19 +321,18 @@ export function ChatSidebar({ currentChatId }: ChatSidebarProps) {
               {group.chats.map((chat) => (
                 <div
                   key={chat.id}
-                  className={`allow-context-menu flex items-center relative text-sm text-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-400 rounded-lg hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 ${
-                    chat.id === currentChatId
-                      ? "bg-neutral-100 text-black dark:bg-neutral-800"
-                      : ""
-                  }`}
+                  className={`allow-context-menu flex items-center relative text-sm text-neutral-800 dark:text-neutral-400 rounded-lg hover:bg-neutral-100 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 ${chat.id === currentChatId
+                    ? "bg-neutral-100 text-black dark:bg-neutral-800"
+                    : ""
+                    }`}
                   onMouseEnter={() => handleMouseEnter(chat.id)}
                   onContextMenu={(e) =>
                     handleContextMenu(
                       e,
                       chat.id,
                       chat.title ||
-                        chat.userExcerpt ||
-                        chat.createdAt.toLocaleString(),
+                      chat.userExcerpt ||
+                      chat.createdAt.toLocaleString(),
                     )
                   }
                 >

app/ui/app/src/components/CopyButton.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ interface CopyButtonProps {
   showLabels?: boolean;
   className?: string;
   title?: string;
+  onCopy?: () => void;
 }
 
 const CopyButton: React.FC<CopyButtonProps> = ({
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ const CopyButton: React.FC<CopyButtonProps> = ({
   showLabels = false,
   className = "",
   title = "",
+  onCopy,
 }) => {
   const [isCopied, setIsCopied] = useState(false);
 
@@ -48,12 +50,14 @@ const CopyButton: React.FC<CopyButtonProps> = ({
       }
 
       setIsCopied(true);
+      onCopy?.();
       setTimeout(() => setIsCopied(false), 2000);
     } catch (error) {
       console.error("Clipboard API failed, falling back to plain text", error);
       try {
         await navigator.clipboard.writeText(content);
         setIsCopied(true);
+        onCopy?.();
         setTimeout(() => setIsCopied(false), 2000);
       } catch (fallbackError) {
         console.error("Fallback copy also failed:", fallbackError);

app/ui/app/src/components/LaunchCommands.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import { useSettings } from "@/hooks/useSettings";
+import CopyButton from "@/components/CopyButton";
+
+interface LaunchCommand {
+  id: string;
+  name: string;
+  command: string;
+  description: string;
+  icon: string;
+  darkIcon?: string;
+  iconClassName?: string;
+  borderless?: boolean;
+}
+
+const LAUNCH_COMMANDS: LaunchCommand[] = [
+  {
+    id: "claude-desktop",
+    name: "Claude Desktop",
+    command: "ollama launch claude-desktop",
+    description: "Claude Desktop with Ollama Cloud",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/claude.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "claude",
+    name: "Claude Code",
+    command: "ollama launch claude",
+    description: "Anthropic's coding tool with subagents",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/claude-code.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "openclaw",
+    name: "OpenClaw",
+    command: "ollama launch openclaw",
+    description: "Personal AI with 100+ skills",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/openclaw.svg",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "hermes",
+    name: "Hermes Agent",
+    command: "ollama launch hermes",
+    description: "Self-improving AI agent built by Nous Research",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/hermes-agent.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "opencode",
+    name: "OpenCode",
+    command: "ollama launch opencode",
+    description: "Anomaly's open-source coding agent",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/opencode.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7 rounded",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "codex",
+    name: "Codex",
+    command: "ollama launch codex",
+    description: "OpenAI's open-source coding agent",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/codex.svg",
+    darkIcon: "/launch-icons/codex-dark.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "copilot",
+    name: "Copilot CLI",
+    command: "ollama launch copilot",
+    description: "GitHub's AI coding agent for the terminal",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/copilot.svg",
+    darkIcon: "/launch-icons/copilot-dark.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "droid",
+    name: "Droid",
+    command: "ollama launch droid",
+    description: "Factory's coding agent across terminal and IDEs",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/droid.svg",
+  },
+  {
+    id: "pi",
+    name: "Pi",
+    command: "ollama launch pi",
+    description: "Minimal AI agent toolkit with plugin support",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/pi.svg",
+    darkIcon: "/launch-icons/pi-dark.svg",
+    iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
+  },
+];
+
+export default function LaunchCommands() {
+  const isWindows = navigator.platform.toLowerCase().includes("win");
+  const { setSettings } = useSettings();
+
+  const renderCommandCard = (item: LaunchCommand) => (
+    <div key={item.command} className="w-full text-left">
+      <div className="flex items-start gap-4 sm:gap-5">
+        <div
+          aria-hidden="true"
+          className={`flex h-10 w-10 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-lg overflow-hidden ${item.borderless ? "" : "border border-neutral-200 bg-white dark:border-neutral-700 dark:bg-neutral-900"}`}
+        >
+          {item.darkIcon ? (
+            <picture>
+              <source srcSet={item.darkIcon} media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" />
+              <img src={item.icon} alt="" className={`${item.iconClassName ?? "h-8 w-8"} rounded-sm`} />
+            </picture>
+          ) : (
+            <img src={item.icon} alt="" className={item.borderless ? "h-full w-full rounded-xl" : `${item.iconClassName ?? "h-8 w-8"} rounded-sm`} />
+          )}
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+          <span className="text-sm font-medium text-neutral-900 dark:text-neutral-100">
+            {item.name}
+          </span>
+          <p className="mt-0.5 text-xs text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400">
+            {item.description}
+          </p>
+          <div className="mt-2 flex items-center gap-2 rounded-xl border-neutral-200 dark:border-neutral-700 bg-neutral-50 dark:bg-neutral-800 px-3 py-2">
+            <code className="min-w-0 flex-1 truncate text-xs text-neutral-600 dark:text-neutral-300">
+              {item.command}
+            </code>
+            <CopyButton
+              content={item.command}
+              size="md"
+              title="Copy command to clipboard"
+              className="text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400 hover:text-neutral-700 dark:hover:text-neutral-200 hover:bg-neutral-200/60 dark:hover:bg-neutral-700/70"
+              onCopy={() => {
+                setSettings({ LastHomeView: item.id }).catch(() => { });
+              }}
+            />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+
+  return (
+    <main className="flex h-screen w-full flex-col relative">
+      <section
+        className={`flex-1 overflow-y-auto overscroll-contain relative min-h-0 ${isWindows ? "xl:pt-4" : "xl:pt-8"}`}
+      >
+        <div className="max-w-[730px] mx-auto w-full px-4 pt-4 pb-20 sm:px-6 sm:pt-6 sm:pb-24 lg:px-8 lg:pt-8 lg:pb-28">
+          <h1 className="text-xl font-semibold text-neutral-900 dark:text-neutral-100">
+            Launch
+          </h1>
+          <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-neutral-500 dark:text-neutral-400">
+            Copy a command and run it in your terminal.
+          </p>
+
+          <div className="mt-6 grid gap-7">
+            {LAUNCH_COMMANDS.map(renderCommandCard)}
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </section>
+    </main>
+  );
+}

app/ui/app/src/components/Message.tsx

@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ function ToolCallDisplay({
     let args: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
     try {
       args = JSON.parse(toolCall.function.arguments) as Record<string, unknown>;
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch {
       args = null;
     }
     const query = args && typeof args.query === "string" ? args.query : "";
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ function ToolCallDisplay({
     let args: Record<string, unknown> | null = null;
     try {
       args = JSON.parse(toolCall.function.arguments) as Record<string, unknown>;
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch {
       args = null;
     }
     const url = args && typeof args.url === "string" ? args.url : "";

app/ui/app/src/components/MessageList.tsx

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export default function MessageList({
                     ? String(args.url).trim()
                     : "";
               if (candidate) lastQuery = candidate;
-            } catch {}
+            } catch { /* ignored */ }
           }
         }
       }

app/ui/app/src/components/ModelPicker.tsx

@@ -61,24 +61,7 @@ export const ModelPicker = forwardRef<
     try {
       const upstreamInfo = await getModelUpstreamInfo(model);
 
-      // Compare local digest with upstream digest
-      let isStale =
-        model.digest &&
-        upstreamInfo.digest &&
-        model.digest !== upstreamInfo.digest;
-
-      // If the model has a modified time and upstream has a push time,
-      // check if the model was modified after the push time - if so, it's not stale
-      if (isStale && model.modified_at && upstreamInfo.pushTime > 0) {
-        const modifiedAtTime =
-          new Date(model.modified_at as string | number | Date).getTime() /
-          1000;
-        if (modifiedAtTime > upstreamInfo.pushTime) {
-          isStale = false;
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (isStale) {
+      if (upstreamInfo.stale) {
         const currentStaleModels =
           queryClient.getQueryData<Map<string, boolean>>(["staleModels"]) ||
           new Map();

app/ui/app/src/components/Settings.tsx

@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ export default function Settings() {
         Agent: false,
         Tools: false,
         ContextLength: 0,
+        AutoUpdateEnabled: true,
       });
       updateSettingsMutation.mutate(defaultSettings);
     }
@@ -272,6 +273,10 @@ export default function Settings() {
   }
 
   const isWindows = navigator.platform.toLowerCase().includes("win");
+  const handleCloseSettings = () => {
+    const chatId = settings.LastHomeView === "chat" ? "new" : "launch";
+    navigate({ to: "/c/$chatId", params: { chatId } });
+  };
 
   return (
     <main className="flex h-screen w-full flex-col select-none dark:bg-neutral-900">
@@ -285,7 +290,7 @@ export default function Settings() {
         >
           {isWindows && (
             <button
-              onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/" })}
+              onClick={handleCloseSettings}
               className="hover:bg-neutral-100 mr-3 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 rounded-full p-1.5"
             >
               <ArrowLeftIcon className="w-5 h-5 dark:text-white" />
@@ -295,7 +300,7 @@ export default function Settings() {
         </h1>
         {!isWindows && (
           <button
-            onClick={() => navigate({ to: "/" })}
+            onClick={handleCloseSettings}
             className="p-1 hover:bg-neutral-100 mr-3 dark:hover:bg-neutral-800 rounded-full"
           >
             <XMarkIcon className="w-6 h-6 dark:text-white" />

app/ui/app/src/components/ui/badge.tsx

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export const BadgeButton = forwardRef(function BadgeButton(
     ),
   ref: React.ForwardedRef<HTMLElement>,
 ) {
-  let classes = clsx(
+  const classes = clsx(
     className,
     "group relative inline-flex rounded-md focus:not-data-focus:outline-hidden data-focus:outline-2 data-focus:outline-offset-2 data-focus:outline-blue-500",
   );

app/ui/app/src/components/ui/button.tsx

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ export const Button = forwardRef(function Button(
   { color, outline, plain, className, children, ...props }: ButtonProps,
   ref: React.ForwardedRef<HTMLElement>,
 ) {
-  let classes = clsx(
+  const classes = clsx(
     className,
     styles.base,
     outline

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useChats.ts

@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                     role: "assistant",
                     content: "",
                     thinking: "",
-                    model: effectiveModel,
+                    model: effectiveModel.model,
                   }),
                 );
                 lastMessage = newMessages[newMessages.length - 1];
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                     role: "assistant",
                     content: "",
                     thinking: "",
-                    model: effectiveModel,
+                    model: effectiveModel.model,
                   }),
                 );
                 lastMessage = newMessages[newMessages.length - 1];
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                     thinkingTimeStart:
                       lastMessage.thinkingTimeStart || event.thinkingTimeStart,
                     thinkingTimeEnd: event.thinkingTimeEnd,
-                    model: selectedModel,
+                    model: selectedModel.model,
                   });
                   newMessages[newMessages.length - 1] = updatedMessage;
                 } else {
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
                       tool_calls: event.toolCalls,
                       thinkingTimeStart: event.thinkingTimeStart,
                       thinkingTimeEnd: event.thinkingTimeEnd,
-                      model: selectedModel,
+                      model: selectedModel.model,
                     }),
                   );
                 }
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ export const useSendMessage = (chatId: string) => {
             queryClient.setQueryData(["chat", newId], {
               chat: new Chat({
                 id: newId,
-                model: effectiveModel,
+                model: effectiveModel.model,
                 messages: [
                   new Message({
                     role: "user",

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useFeaturedModels.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
+import { getModelRecommendations } from "@/api";
+import type { ModelRecommendation } from "@/api";
+
+export function useFeaturedModels() {
+  return useQuery<ModelRecommendation[], Error>({
+    queryKey: ["modelRecommendations"],
+    queryFn: getModelRecommendations,
+    staleTime: 5 * 60 * 1000,
+    gcTime: 30 * 60 * 1000,
+    refetchOnWindowFocus: false,
+  });
+}

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useModels.ts

@@ -1,51 +1,49 @@
 import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { Model } from "@/gotypes";
 import { getModels } from "@/api";
-import { mergeModels } from "@/utils/mergeModels";
 import { useMemo } from "react";
 import { useCloudStatus } from "./useCloudStatus";
+import { useFeaturedModels } from "./useFeaturedModels";
 
 export function useModels(searchQuery = "") {
   const { cloudDisabled } = useCloudStatus();
+  const { data: recommendations, isLoading: recommendationsLoading } =
+    useFeaturedModels();
   const localQuery = useQuery<Model[], Error>({
     queryKey: ["models", searchQuery],
     queryFn: () => getModels(searchQuery),
-    gcTime: 10 * 60 * 1000, // Keep in cache for 10 minutes
+    gcTime: 10 * 60 * 1000,
     retry: 10,
-    // exponential backoff, starting at 100ms and capping at 5s
     retryDelay: (attemptIndex) => Math.min(100 * 2 ** attemptIndex, 5000),
     refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
-    refetchInterval: 30 * 1000, // Refetch every 30 seconds to keep models updated
+    refetchInterval: 30 * 1000,
     refetchIntervalInBackground: true,
   });
 
   const allModels = useMemo(() => {
-    const models = mergeModels(localQuery.data || [], cloudDisabled);
+    const local = localQuery.data || [];
+    const featured = (recommendations || []).map((r) => r.model);
+    const featuredSet = new Set(featured);
 
-    if (searchQuery && searchQuery.trim()) {
-      const query = searchQuery.toLowerCase().trim();
-      const filteredModels = models.filter((model) =>
-        model.model.toLowerCase().includes(query),
-      );
+    // Recommended models first (using the local copy when downloaded),
+    // then everything else from /api/tags in tags order.
+    const recommended = featured.map(
+      (name) =>
+        local.find((m) => m.model === name) || new Model({ model: name }),
+    );
+    const rest = local.filter((m) => !featuredSet.has(m.model));
+    const merged = [...recommended, ...rest];
 
-      const seen = new Set<string>();
-      return filteredModels.filter((model) => {
-        const currentModel = model.model.toLowerCase();
-        if (seen.has(currentModel)) {
-          return false;
-        }
-        seen.add(currentModel);
-        return true;
-      });
-    }
-
-    return models;
-  }, [localQuery.data, searchQuery, cloudDisabled]);
+    const visible = cloudDisabled
+      ? merged.filter((m) => !m.isCloud())
+      : merged;
+    return filterBySearch(visible, searchQuery);
+  }, [localQuery.data, searchQuery, cloudDisabled, recommendations]);
 
   return {
     ...localQuery,
     data: allModels,
-    isLoading: localQuery.isLoading,
+    isLoading: localQuery.isLoading || recommendationsLoading,
   };
 }
 
@@ -53,3 +51,16 @@ export function useRefetchModels() {
   const { refetch } = useModels();
   return refetch;
 }
+
+function filterBySearch(models: Model[], query: string): Model[] {
+  const q = query.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!q) return models;
+
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  return models.filter((m) => {
+    const name = m.model.toLowerCase();
+    if (!name.includes(q) || seen.has(name)) return false;
+    seen.add(name);
+    return true;
+  });
+}

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useSelectedModel.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { useModels } from "./useModels";
 import { useChat } from "./useChats";
 import { useSettings } from "./useSettings.ts";
 import { Model } from "@/gotypes";
-import { FEATURED_MODELS } from "@/utils/mergeModels";
 import { getTotalVRAM } from "@/utils/vram.ts";
 import { getInferenceCompute } from "@/api";
 import { useCloudStatus } from "./useCloudStatus";
@@ -92,9 +91,7 @@ export function useSelectedModel(currentChatId?: string, searchQuery?: string) {
       (settings.selectedModel &&
         new Model({
           model: settings.selectedModel,
-          cloud: FEATURED_MODELS.some(
-            (f) => f.endsWith("cloud") && f === settings.selectedModel,
-          ),
+          cloud: settings.selectedModel.endsWith("cloud"),
           ollama_host: false,
         })) ||
       null

app/ui/app/src/hooks/useSettings.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ interface SettingsState {
   webSearchEnabled: boolean;
   selectedModel: string;
   sidebarOpen: boolean;
+  lastHomeView: string;
   thinkEnabled: boolean;
   thinkLevel: string;
 }
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ type SettingsUpdate = Partial<{
   ThinkLevel: string;
   SelectedModel: string;
   SidebarOpen: boolean;
+  LastHomeView: string;
 }>;
 
 export function useSettings() {
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ export function useSettings() {
       thinkLevel: settingsData?.settings?.ThinkLevel ?? "none",
       selectedModel: settingsData?.settings?.SelectedModel ?? "",
       sidebarOpen: settingsData?.settings?.SidebarOpen ?? false,
+      lastHomeView: settingsData?.settings?.LastHomeView ?? "launch",
     }),
     [settingsData?.settings],
   );

app/ui/app/src/routes/c.$chatId.tsx

@@ -4,12 +4,37 @@ import Chat from "@/components/Chat";
 import { getChat } from "@/api";
 import { SidebarLayout } from "@/components/layout/layout";
 import { ChatSidebar } from "@/components/ChatSidebar";
+import LaunchCommands from "@/components/LaunchCommands";
+import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useSettings } from "@/hooks/useSettings";
+
+const launchSidebarRequestedKey = "ollama.launchSidebarRequested";
+const launchSidebarSeenKey = "ollama.launchSidebarSeen";
+const fallbackSessionState = new Map<string, string>();
+
+function getSessionState() {
+  if (typeof sessionStorage !== "undefined") {
+    return sessionStorage;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    getItem(key: string) {
+      return fallbackSessionState.get(key) ?? null;
+    },
+    setItem(key: string, value: string) {
+      fallbackSessionState.set(key, value);
+    },
+    removeItem(key: string) {
+      fallbackSessionState.delete(key);
+    },
+  };
+}
 
 export const Route = createFileRoute("/c/$chatId")({
   component: RouteComponent,
   loader: async ({ context, params }) => {
-    // Skip loading for "new" chat
-    if (params.chatId !== "new") {
+    // Skip loading for special non-chat views
+    if (params.chatId !== "new" && params.chatId !== "launch") {
       context.queryClient.ensureQueryData({
         queryKey: ["chat", params.chatId],
         queryFn: () => getChat(params.chatId),
@@ -21,13 +46,70 @@ export const Route = createFileRoute("/c/$chatId")({
 
 function RouteComponent() {
   const { chatId } = Route.useParams();
+  const { settingsData, setSettings } = useSettings();
+  const previousChatIdRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
 
-  // Always call hooks at the top level - use a flag to skip data when chatId is "new"
+  // Always call hooks at the top level - use a flag to skip data when chatId is a special view
   const {
     data: chatData,
     isLoading: chatLoading,
     error: chatError,
-  } = useChat(chatId === "new" ? "" : chatId);
+  } = useChat(chatId === "new" || chatId === "launch" ? "" : chatId);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!settingsData) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const previousChatId = previousChatIdRef.current;
+    previousChatIdRef.current = chatId;
+
+    if (chatId === "launch") {
+      const sessionState = getSessionState();
+      const shouldOpenSidebar =
+        previousChatId !== "launch" &&
+        (() => {
+          if (sessionState.getItem(launchSidebarRequestedKey) === "1") {
+            sessionState.removeItem(launchSidebarRequestedKey);
+            sessionState.setItem(launchSidebarSeenKey, "1");
+            return true;
+          }
+
+          if (sessionState.getItem(launchSidebarSeenKey) !== "1") {
+            sessionState.setItem(launchSidebarSeenKey, "1");
+            return true;
+          }
+
+          return false;
+        })();
+      const updates: { LastHomeView?: string; SidebarOpen?: boolean } = {};
+
+      if (settingsData.LastHomeView !== "launch") {
+        updates.LastHomeView = "launch";
+      }
+
+      if (shouldOpenSidebar && !settingsData.SidebarOpen) {
+        updates.SidebarOpen = true;
+      }
+
+      if (Object.keys(updates).length === 0) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      setSettings(updates).catch(() => {
+        // Best effort persistence for home view preference.
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (settingsData.LastHomeView === "chat") {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    setSettings({ LastHomeView: "chat" }).catch(() => {
+      // Best effort persistence for home view preference.
+    });
+  }, [chatId, settingsData, setSettings]);
 
   // Handle "new" chat case - just use Chat component which handles everything
   if (chatId === "new") {
@@ -38,6 +120,14 @@ function RouteComponent() {
     );
   }
 
+  if (chatId === "launch") {
+    return (
+      <SidebarLayout sidebar={<ChatSidebar currentChatId={chatId} />}>
+        <LaunchCommands />
+      </SidebarLayout>
+    );
+  }
+
   // Handle existing chat case
   if (chatLoading) {
     return (

app/ui/app/src/routes/index.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 import { createFileRoute, redirect } from "@tanstack/react-router";
+import { getSettings } from "@/api";
 
 export const Route = createFileRoute("/")({
-  beforeLoad: () => {
+  beforeLoad: async ({ context }) => {
+    const settingsData = await context.queryClient.ensureQueryData({
+      queryKey: ["settings"],
+      queryFn: getSettings,
+    });
+    const chatId =
+      settingsData?.settings?.LastHomeView === "chat" ? "new" : "launch";
+
     throw redirect({
       to: "/c/$chatId",
-      params: { chatId: "new" },
+      params: { chatId },
       mask: {
         to: "/",
       },

app/ui/app/src/utils/clipboard.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import { copyTextToClipboard } from "./clipboard";
+
+describe("copyTextToClipboard", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it("copies via Clipboard API when available", async () => {
+    const writeText = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    vi.stubGlobal("navigator", {
+      clipboard: {
+        writeText,
+      },
+    });
+
+    const copied = await copyTextToClipboard("ollama launch claude");
+
+    expect(copied).toBe(true);
+    expect(writeText).toHaveBeenCalledWith("ollama launch claude");
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to execCommand when Clipboard API fails", async () => {
+    const writeText = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error("not allowed"));
+    vi.stubGlobal("navigator", {
+      clipboard: {
+        writeText,
+      },
+    });
+
+    const textarea = {
+      value: "",
+      setAttribute: vi.fn(),
+      style: {} as Record<string, string>,
+      focus: vi.fn(),
+      select: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    const appendChild = vi.fn();
+    const removeChild = vi.fn();
+    const execCommand = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true);
+    vi.stubGlobal("document", {
+      createElement: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(textarea),
+      body: {
+        appendChild,
+        removeChild,
+      },
+      execCommand,
+    });
+
+    const copied = await copyTextToClipboard("ollama launch openclaw");
+
+    expect(copied).toBe(true);
+    expect(execCommand).toHaveBeenCalledWith("copy");
+    expect(appendChild).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(removeChild).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

app/ui/app/src/utils/clipboard.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+export async function copyTextToClipboard(text: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  try {
+    await navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);
+    return true;
+  } catch (clipboardError) {
+    console.error(
+      "Clipboard API failed, falling back to execCommand",
+      clipboardError,
+    );
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const textarea = document.createElement("textarea");
+    textarea.value = text;
+    textarea.setAttribute("readonly", "true");
+    textarea.style.position = "fixed";
+    textarea.style.left = "-9999px";
+    textarea.style.opacity = "0";
+    document.body.appendChild(textarea);
+    textarea.focus();
+    textarea.select();
+
+    const copied = document.execCommand("copy");
+    document.body.removeChild(textarea);
+    return copied;
+  } catch (fallbackError) {
+    console.error("Fallback copy failed", fallbackError);
+    return false;
+  }
+}

app/ui/app/src/utils/fileValidation.test.ts

@@ -29,13 +29,15 @@ describe("fileValidation", () => {
       expect(result.valid).toBe(true);
     });
 
-    it("should reject WebP images when vision capability is disabled", () => {
+    it("should accept images regardless of vision capability", () => {
+      // Vision capability check is handled at the UI layer (ChatForm),
+      // not at validation time, so users can switch models without
+      // needing to re-upload files.
       const file = createMockFile("test.webp", 1024, "image/webp");
       const result = validateFile(file, {
         hasVisionCapability: false,
       });
-      expect(result.valid).toBe(false);
-      expect(result.error).toBe("This model does not support images");
+      expect(result.valid).toBe(true);
     });
 
     it("should accept PNG images when vision capability is enabled", () => {

app/ui/app/src/utils/fileValidation.ts

@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ export function validateFile(
   const {
     maxFileSize = 10,
     allowedExtensions = [...TEXT_FILE_EXTENSIONS, ...IMAGE_EXTENSIONS],
-    hasVisionCapability = false,
     customValidator,
   } = options;
 
@@ -83,10 +82,6 @@ export function validateFile(
     return { valid: false, error: "File type not supported" };
   }
 
-  if (IMAGE_EXTENSIONS.includes(fileExtension) && !hasVisionCapability) {
-    return { valid: false, error: "This model does not support images" };
-  }
-
   // File size validation
   if (file.size > MAX_FILE_SIZE) {
     return { valid: false, error: "File too large" };

app/ui/app/src/utils/mergeModels.test.ts

@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
-import { Model } from "@/gotypes";
-import { mergeModels, FEATURED_MODELS } from "@/utils/mergeModels";
-import "@/api";
-
-describe("Model merging logic", () => {
-  it("should handle cloud models with -cloud suffix", () => {
-    const localModels: Model[] = [
-      new Model({ model: "gpt-oss:120b-cloud" }),
-      new Model({ model: "llama3:latest" }),
-      new Model({ model: "mistral:latest" }),
-    ];
-
-    const merged = mergeModels(localModels);
-
-    // First verify cloud models are first and in FEATURED_MODELS order
-    const cloudModels = FEATURED_MODELS.filter((m: string) =>
-      m.endsWith("cloud"),
-    );
-    for (let i = 0; i < cloudModels.length; i++) {
-      expect(merged[i].model).toBe(cloudModels[i]);
-      expect(merged[i].isCloud()).toBe(true);
-    }
-
-    // Then verify non-cloud featured models are next and in FEATURED_MODELS order
-    const nonCloudFeatured = FEATURED_MODELS.filter(
-      (m: string) => !m.endsWith("cloud"),
-    );
-    for (let i = 0; i < nonCloudFeatured.length; i++) {
-      const model = merged[i + cloudModels.length];
-      expect(model.model).toBe(nonCloudFeatured[i]);
-      expect(model.isCloud()).toBe(false);
-    }
-
-    // Verify local models are preserved and come after featured models
-    const featuredCount = FEATURED_MODELS.length;
-    expect(merged[featuredCount].model).toBe("llama3:latest");
-    expect(merged[featuredCount + 1].model).toBe("mistral:latest");
-
-    // Length should be exactly featured models plus our local models
-    expect(merged.length).toBe(FEATURED_MODELS.length + 2);
-  });
-
-  it("should hide cloud models when cloud is disabled", () => {
-    const localModels: Model[] = [
-      new Model({ model: "gpt-oss:120b-cloud" }),
-      new Model({ model: "llama3:latest" }),
-      new Model({ model: "mistral:latest" }),
-    ];
-
-    const merged = mergeModels(localModels, true); // cloud disabled = true
-
-    // No cloud models should be present
-    const cloudModels = merged.filter((m) => m.isCloud());
-    expect(cloudModels.length).toBe(0);
-
-    // Should have non-cloud featured models
-    const nonCloudFeatured = FEATURED_MODELS.filter(
-      (m) => !m.endsWith("cloud"),
-    );
-    for (let i = 0; i < nonCloudFeatured.length; i++) {
-      const model = merged[i];
-      expect(model.model).toBe(nonCloudFeatured[i]);
-      expect(model.isCloud()).toBe(false);
-    }
-
-    // Local models should be preserved
-    const featuredCount = nonCloudFeatured.length;
-    expect(merged[featuredCount].model).toBe("llama3:latest");
-    expect(merged[featuredCount + 1].model).toBe("mistral:latest");
-  });
-
-  it("should handle empty input", () => {
-    const merged = mergeModels([]);
-
-    // First verify cloud models are first and in FEATURED_MODELS order
-    const cloudModels = FEATURED_MODELS.filter((m) => m.endsWith("cloud"));
-    for (let i = 0; i < cloudModels.length; i++) {
-      expect(merged[i].model).toBe(cloudModels[i]);
-      expect(merged[i].isCloud()).toBe(true);
-    }
-
-    // Then verify non-cloud featured models are next and in FEATURED_MODELS order
-    const nonCloudFeatured = FEATURED_MODELS.filter(
-      (m) => !m.endsWith("cloud"),
-    );
-    for (let i = 0; i < nonCloudFeatured.length; i++) {
-      const model = merged[i + cloudModels.length];
-      expect(model.model).toBe(nonCloudFeatured[i]);
-      expect(model.isCloud()).toBe(false);
-    }
-
-    // Length should be exactly FEATURED_MODELS length
-    expect(merged.length).toBe(FEATURED_MODELS.length);
-  });
-
-  it("should sort models correctly", () => {
-    const localModels: Model[] = [
-      new Model({ model: "zephyr:latest" }),
-      new Model({ model: "alpha:latest" }),
-      new Model({ model: "gpt-oss:120b-cloud" }),
-    ];
-
-    const merged = mergeModels(localModels);
-
-    // First verify cloud models are first and in FEATURED_MODELS order
-    const cloudModels = FEATURED_MODELS.filter((m) => m.endsWith("cloud"));
-    for (let i = 0; i < cloudModels.length; i++) {
-      expect(merged[i].model).toBe(cloudModels[i]);
-      expect(merged[i].isCloud()).toBe(true);
-    }
-
-    // Then verify non-cloud featured models are next and in FEATURED_MODELS order
-    const nonCloudFeatured = FEATURED_MODELS.filter(
-      (m) => !m.endsWith("cloud"),
-    );
-    for (let i = 0; i < nonCloudFeatured.length; i++) {
-      const model = merged[i + cloudModels.length];
-      expect(model.model).toBe(nonCloudFeatured[i]);
-      expect(model.isCloud()).toBe(false);
-    }
-
-    // Non-featured local models should be at the end in alphabetical order
-    const featuredCount = FEATURED_MODELS.length;
-    expect(merged[featuredCount].model).toBe("alpha:latest");
-    expect(merged[featuredCount + 1].model).toBe("zephyr:latest");
-  });
-});

app/ui/app/src/utils/mergeModels.ts

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-import { Model } from "@/gotypes";
-
-// Featured models list (in priority order)
-export const FEATURED_MODELS = [
-  "gpt-oss:120b-cloud",
-  "gpt-oss:20b-cloud",
-  "deepseek-v3.1:671b-cloud",
-  "qwen3-coder:480b-cloud",
-  "qwen3-vl:235b-cloud",
-  "minimax-m2:cloud",
-  "glm-4.6:cloud",
-  "gpt-oss:120b",
-  "gpt-oss:20b",
-  "gemma3:27b",
-  "gemma3:12b",
-  "gemma3:4b",
-  "gemma3:1b",
-  "deepseek-r1:8b",
-  "qwen3-coder:30b",
-  "qwen3-vl:30b",
-  "qwen3-vl:8b",
-  "qwen3-vl:4b",
-  "qwen3:30b",
-  "qwen3:8b",
-  "qwen3:4b",
-];
-
-function alphabeticalSort(a: Model, b: Model): number {
-  return a.model.toLowerCase().localeCompare(b.model.toLowerCase());
-}
-
-//Merges models, sorting cloud models first, then other models
-export function mergeModels(
-  localModels: Model[],
-  hideCloudModels: boolean = false,
-): Model[] {
-  const allModels = (localModels || []).map((model) => model);
-
-  // 1. Get cloud models from local models and featured list
-  const cloudModels = [...allModels.filter((m) => m.isCloud())];
-
-  // Add any cloud models from FEATURED_MODELS that aren't in local models
-  FEATURED_MODELS.filter((f) => f.endsWith("cloud")).forEach((cloudModel) => {
-    if (!cloudModels.some((m) => m.model === cloudModel)) {
-      cloudModels.push(new Model({ model: cloudModel }));
-    }
-  });
-
-  // 2. Get other featured models (non-cloud)
-  const featuredModels = FEATURED_MODELS.filter(
-    (f) => !f.endsWith("cloud"),
-  ).map((model) => {
-    // Check if this model exists in local models
-    const localMatch = allModels.find(
-      (m) => m.model.toLowerCase() === model.toLowerCase(),
-    );
-
-    if (localMatch) return localMatch;
-
-    return new Model({
-      model,
-    });
-  });
-
-  // 3. Get remaining local models that aren't featured and aren't cloud models
-  const remainingModels = allModels.filter(
-    (model) =>
-      !model.isCloud() &&
-      !FEATURED_MODELS.some(
-        (f) => f.toLowerCase() === model.model.toLowerCase(),
-      ),
-  );
-
-  cloudModels.sort((a, b) => {
-    const aIndex = FEATURED_MODELS.indexOf(a.model);
-    const bIndex = FEATURED_MODELS.indexOf(b.model);
-
-    // If both are featured, sort by their position in FEATURED_MODELS
-    if (aIndex !== -1 && bIndex !== -1) {
-      return aIndex - bIndex;
-    }
-
-    // If only one is featured, featured model comes first
-    if (aIndex !== -1 && bIndex === -1) return -1;
-    if (aIndex === -1 && bIndex !== -1) return 1;
-
-    // If neither is featured, sort alphabetically
-    return a.model.toLowerCase().localeCompare(b.model.toLowerCase());
-  });
-
-  featuredModels.sort(
-    (a, b) =>
-      FEATURED_MODELS.indexOf(a.model) - FEATURED_MODELS.indexOf(b.model),
-  );
-
-  remainingModels.sort(alphabeticalSort);
-
-  return hideCloudModels
-    ? [...featuredModels, ...remainingModels]
-    : [...cloudModels, ...featuredModels, ...remainingModels];
-}

app/ui/responses/types.go

@@ -133,9 +133,8 @@ type Error struct {
 }
 
 type ModelUpstreamResponse struct {
-	Digest   string `json:"digest,omitempty"`
-	PushTime int64  `json:"pushTime"`
-	Error    string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Stale bool   `json:"stale"`
+	Error string `json:"error,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Serializable data for the browser state

app/ui/ui.go

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/app/version"
 	ollamaAuth "github.com/ollama/ollama/auth"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/manifest"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 	_ "github.com/tkrajina/typescriptify-golang-structs/typescriptify"
 )
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ func (s *Server) ollamaProxy() http.Handler {
 					return
 				}
 
-				target := envconfig.Host()
+				target := envconfig.ConnectableHost()
 				s.log().Info("configuring ollama proxy", "target", target.String())
 
 				newProxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(target)
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ func (s *Server) Handler() http.Handler {
 			if CORS() {
 				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
 				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
-				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization, X-Requested-With")
+				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization, User-Agent, Accept, X-Requested-With")
 				w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
 
 				// Handle preflight requests
@@ -301,6 +302,7 @@ func (s *Server) Handler() http.Handler {
 	mux.Handle("HEAD /api/version", ollamaProxy)
 	mux.Handle("POST /api/me", ollamaProxy)
 	mux.Handle("POST /api/signout", ollamaProxy)
+	mux.Handle("GET /api/experimental/model-recommendations", ollamaProxy)
 
 	// React app - catch all non-API routes and serve the React app
 	mux.Handle("GET /", s.appHandler())
@@ -318,7 +320,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleError(w http.ResponseWriter, e error) {
 	if CORS() {
 		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
 		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
-		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization, X-Requested-With")
+		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization, User-Agent, Accept, X-Requested-With")
 		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
 	}
 
@@ -341,8 +343,18 @@ func (t *userAgentTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error
 
 // httpClient returns an HTTP client that automatically adds the User-Agent header
 func (s *Server) httpClient() *http.Client {
+	return userAgentHTTPClient(10 * time.Second)
+}
+
+// inferenceClient uses almost the same HTTP client, but without a timeout so
+// long requests aren't truncated
+func (s *Server) inferenceClient() *api.Client {
+	return api.NewClient(envconfig.Host(), userAgentHTTPClient(0))
+}
+
+func userAgentHTTPClient(timeout time.Duration) *http.Client {
 	return &http.Client{
-		Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
+		Timeout: timeout,
 		Transport: &userAgentTransport{
 			base: http.DefaultTransport,
 		},
@@ -720,11 +732,7 @@ func (s *Server) chat(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	_, cancelLoading := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	loading := false
 
-	c, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-	if err != nil {
-		cancelLoading()
-		return err
-	}
+	c := s.inferenceClient()
 
 	// Check if the model exists locally by trying to show it
 	// TODO (jmorganca): skip this round trip and instead just act
@@ -1572,9 +1580,18 @@ func (s *Server) modelUpstream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 		return json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(response)
 	}
 
+	n := model.ParseName(req.Model)
+	stale := true
+	if m, err := manifest.ParseNamedManifest(n); err == nil {
+		if m.Digest() == digest {
+			stale = false
+		} else if pushTime > 0 && m.FileInfo().ModTime().Unix() >= pushTime {
+			stale = false
+		}
+	}
+
 	response := responses.ModelUpstreamResponse{
-		Digest:   digest,
-		PushTime: pushTime,
+		Stale: stale,
 	}
 
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
@@ -1672,7 +1689,6 @@ func supportsBrowserTools(model string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(model), "gpt-oss")
 }
 
-
 // buildChatRequest converts store.Chat to api.ChatRequest
 func (s *Server) buildChatRequest(chat *store.Chat, model string, think any, availableTools []map[string]any) (*api.ChatRequest, error) {
 	var msgs []api.Message

app/ui/ui_test.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/app/store"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/app/updater"
 )
@@ -526,6 +527,33 @@ func TestUserAgentTransport(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Logf("User-Agent transport successfully set: %s", receivedUA)
 }
 
+func TestInferenceClientUsesUserAgent(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotUserAgent atomic.Value
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotUserAgent.Store(r.Header.Get("User-Agent"))
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.Write([]byte(`{}`))
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", ts.URL)
+
+	server := &Server{}
+	client := server.inferenceClient()
+
+	_, err := client.Show(context.Background(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: "test"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("show request failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	receivedUA, _ := gotUserAgent.Load().(string)
+	expectedUA := userAgent()
+
+	if receivedUA != expectedUA {
+		t.Errorf("User-Agent mismatch\nExpected: %s\nReceived: %s", expectedUA, receivedUA)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSupportsBrowserTools(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		model string

cmd/bench/README.md

@@ -1,27 +1,31 @@
 Ollama Benchmark Tool
 ---------------------
 
-A Go-based command-line tool for benchmarking Ollama models with configurable parameters and multiple output formats.
+A Go-based command-line tool for benchmarking Ollama models with configurable parameters, warmup phases, TTFT tracking, VRAM monitoring, and benchstat/CSV output.
 
 ## Features
 
  * Benchmark multiple models in a single run
  * Support for both text and image prompts
  * Configurable generation parameters (temperature, max tokens, seed, etc.)
- * Supports benchstat and CSV output formats
- * Detailed performance metrics (prefill, generate, load, total durations)
+ * Warmup phase before timed epochs to stabilize measurements
+ * Time-to-first-token (TTFT) tracking per epoch
+ * Model metadata display (parameter size, quantization level, family)
+ * VRAM and CPU memory usage tracking via running process info
+ * Controlled prompt token length for reproducible benchmarks
+ * Benchstat and CSV output formats
 
 ## Building from Source
 
 ```
-go build -o ollama-bench bench.go
-./ollama-bench -model gpt-oss:20b -epochs 6 -format csv
+go build -o ollama-bench ./cmd/bench
+./ollama-bench -model gemma3 -epochs 6 -format csv
 ```
 
 Using Go Run (without building)
 
 ```
-go run bench.go -model gpt-oss:20b -epochs 3
+go run ./cmd/bench -model gemma3 -epochs 3
 ```
 
 ## Usage
@@ -45,10 +49,16 @@ benchstat -col /name gemma.bench
 ./ollama-bench -model qwen3-vl -image photo.jpg -epochs 6 -max-tokens 100 -p "Describe this image"
 ```
 
+### Controlled Prompt Length
+
+```
+./ollama-bench -model gemma3 -epochs 6 -prompt-tokens 512
+```
+
 ### Advanced Example
 
 ```
-./ollama-bench -model llama3 -epochs 10 -temperature 0.7 -max-tokens 500 -seed 42 -format csv -output results.csv
+./ollama-bench -model llama3 -epochs 10 -temperature 0.7 -max-tokens 500 -seed 42 -warmup 2 -format csv -output results.csv
 ```
 
 ## Command Line Options
@@ -56,41 +66,48 @@ benchstat -col /name gemma.bench
 | Option  	| Description | Default |
 |----------|-------------|---------|
 | -model	| Comma-separated list of models to benchmark	| (required)		|
-| -epochs	| Number of iterations per model		| 1			|
-| -max-tokens	| Maximum tokens for model response		| 0 (unlimited)		|
+| -epochs	| Number of iterations per model		| 6			|
+| -max-tokens	| Maximum tokens for model response		| 200			|
 | -temperature	| Temperature parameter				| 0.0			|
 | -seed		| Random seed					| 0 (random)		|
 | -timeout	| Timeout in seconds				| 300			|
-| -p		| Prompt text					| "Write a long story."	|
+| -p		| Prompt text					| (default story prompt)	|
 | -image	| Image file to include in prompt		| 			|
 | -k		| Keep-alive duration in seconds		| 0			|
 | -format	| Output format (benchstat, csv)		| benchstat		|
 | -output	| Output file for results			| "" (stdout)		|
+| -warmup	| Number of warmup requests before timing	| 1			|
+| -prompt-tokens	| Generate prompt targeting ~N tokens (0 = use -p)	| 0		|
 | -v		| Verbose mode					| false			|
 | -debug	| Show debug information			| false			|
 
 ## Output Formats
 
-### Markdown Format
+### Benchstat Format (default)
 
-The default markdown format is suitable for copying and pasting into a GitHub issue and will look like:
-```
- Model | Step | Count | Duration | nsPerToken | tokensPerSec |
-|-------|------|-------|----------|------------|--------------|
-| gpt-oss:20b | prefill | 124 | 30.006458ms | 241987.56 | 4132.44 |
-| gpt-oss:20b | generate | 200 | 2.646843954s | 13234219.77 | 75.56 |
-| gpt-oss:20b | load | 1 | 121.674208ms | - | - |
-| gpt-oss:20b | total | 1 | 2.861047625s | - | - |
-```
-
-### Benchstat Format
-
-Compatible with Go's benchstat tool for statistical analysis:
+Compatible with Go's benchstat tool for statistical analysis. Uses one value/unit pair per line, standard `ns/op` for timing metrics, and `ns/token` for throughput. Each epoch produces one set of lines -- benchstat aggregates across repeated runs to compute statistics.
 
 ```
-BenchmarkModel/name=gpt-oss:20b/step=prefill 128 78125.00 ns/token 12800.00 token/sec
-BenchmarkModel/name=gpt-oss:20b/step=generate 512 19531.25 ns/token 51200.00 token/sec
-BenchmarkModel/name=gpt-oss:20b/step=load 1 1500000000 ns/request
+# Model: gemma3 | Params: 4.3B | Quant: Q4_K_M | Family: gemma3 | Size: 4080218931 | VRAM: 4080218931
+BenchmarkModel/name=gemma3/step=prefill 1 78125.00 ns/token 12800.00 token/sec
+BenchmarkModel/name=gemma3/step=generate 1 19531.25 ns/token 51200.00 token/sec
+BenchmarkModel/name=gemma3/step=ttft 1 45123000 ns/op
+BenchmarkModel/name=gemma3/step=load 1 1500000000 ns/op
+BenchmarkModel/name=gemma3/step=total 1 2861047625 ns/op
+```
+
+Use with benchstat:
+```
+./ollama-bench -model gemma3 -epochs 6 > gemma3.bench
+benchstat -col /step gemma3.bench
+```
+
+Compare two runs:
+```
+./ollama-bench -model gemma3 -epochs 6 > before.bench
+# ... make changes ...
+./ollama-bench -model gemma3 -epochs 6 > after.bench
+benchstat before.bench after.bench
 ```
 
 ### CSV Format
@@ -99,17 +116,28 @@ Machine-readable comma-separated values:
 
 ```
 NAME,STEP,COUNT,NS_PER_COUNT,TOKEN_PER_SEC
-gpt-oss:20b,prefill,128,78125.00,12800.00
-gpt-oss:20b,generate,512,19531.25,51200.00
-gpt-oss:20b,load,1,1500000000,0
+# Model: gemma3 | Params: 4.3B | Quant: Q4_K_M | Family: gemma3 | Size: 4080218931 | VRAM: 4080218931
+gemma3,prefill,128,78125.00,12800.00
+gemma3,generate,512,19531.25,51200.00
+gemma3,ttft,1,45123000,0
+gemma3,load,1,1500000000,0
+gemma3,total,1,2861047625,0
 ```
 
 ## Metrics Explained
 
-The tool reports four types of metrics for each model:
+The tool reports the following metrics for each epoch:
 
- * prefill: Time spent processing the prompt
- * generate: Time spent generating the response
- * load: Model loading time (one-time cost)
- * total: Total request duration
+ * **prefill**: Time spent processing the prompt (ns/token)
+ * **generate**: Time spent generating the response (ns/token)
+ * **ttft**: Time to first token -- latency from request start to first response content
+ * **load**: Model loading time (one-time cost)
+ * **total**: Total request duration
 
+Additionally, the model info comment line (displayed once per model before epochs) includes:
+
+ * **Params**: Model parameter count (e.g., 4.3B)
+ * **Quant**: Quantization level (e.g., Q4_K_M)
+ * **Family**: Model family (e.g., gemma3)
+ * **Size**: Total model memory in bytes
+ * **VRAM**: GPU memory used by the loaded model (when Size > VRAM, the difference is CPU spill)

cmd/bench/bench.go

@@ -17,19 +17,22 @@ import (
 )
 
 type flagOptions struct {
-	models      *string
-	epochs      *int
-	maxTokens   *int
-	temperature *float64
-	seed        *int
-	timeout     *int
-	prompt      *string
-	imageFile   *string
-	keepAlive   *float64
-	format      *string
-	outputFile  *string
-	debug       *bool
-	verbose     *bool
+	models       *string
+	epochs       *int
+	maxTokens    *int
+	temperature  *float64
+	seed         *int
+	timeout      *int
+	prompt       *string
+	imageFile    *string
+	keepAlive    *float64
+	format       *string
+	outputFile   *string
+	debug        *bool
+	verbose      *bool
+	warmup       *int
+	promptTokens *int
+	numCtx       *int
 }
 
 type Metrics struct {
@@ -39,48 +42,203 @@ type Metrics struct {
 	Duration time.Duration
 }
 
-var once sync.Once
+type ModelInfo struct {
+	Name              string
+	ParameterSize     string
+	QuantizationLevel string
+	Family            string
+	SizeBytes         int64
+	VRAMBytes         int64
+	NumCtx            int64
+}
 
 const DefaultPrompt = `Please write a descriptive story about a llama named Alonso who grows up to be President of the Land of Llamas. Include details about Alonso's childhood, adolescent years, and how he grew up to be a political mover and shaker. Write the story with a sense of whimsy.`
 
+// Word list for generating prompts targeting a specific token count.
+var promptWordList = []string{
+	"the", "quick", "brown", "fox", "jumps", "over", "lazy", "dog",
+	"a", "bright", "sunny", "day", "in", "the", "meadow", "where",
+	"flowers", "bloom", "and", "birds", "sing", "their", "morning",
+	"songs", "while", "gentle", "breeze", "carries", "sweet", "scent",
+	"of", "pine", "trees", "across", "rolling", "hills", "toward",
+	"distant", "mountains", "covered", "with", "fresh", "snow",
+	"beneath", "clear", "blue", "sky", "children", "play", "near",
+	"old", "stone", "bridge", "that", "crosses", "winding", "river",
+}
+
+// tokensPerWord is the calibrated ratio of tokens to words for the current model.
+// Initialized with a heuristic, then updated during warmup based on actual tokenization.
+var tokensPerWord = 1.3
+
+func generatePromptForTokenCount(targetTokens int, epoch int) string {
+	targetWords := int(float64(targetTokens) / tokensPerWord)
+	if targetWords < 1 {
+		targetWords = 1
+	}
+
+	// Vary the starting offset by epoch to defeat KV cache prefix matching
+	offset := epoch * 7 // stride by a prime to get good distribution
+	n := len(promptWordList)
+	words := make([]string, targetWords)
+	for i := range words {
+		words[i] = promptWordList[((i+offset)%n+n)%n]
+	}
+	return strings.Join(words, " ")
+}
+
+// calibratePromptTokens adjusts tokensPerWord based on actual tokenization from a warmup run.
+func calibratePromptTokens(targetTokens, actualTokens, wordCount int) {
+	if actualTokens <= 0 || wordCount <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	tokensPerWord = float64(actualTokens) / float64(wordCount)
+	newWords := int(float64(targetTokens) / tokensPerWord)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "bench: calibrated %.2f tokens/word (target=%d, got=%d, words=%d → %d)\n",
+		tokensPerWord, targetTokens, actualTokens, wordCount, newWords)
+}
+
+func buildGenerateRequest(model string, fOpt flagOptions, imgData api.ImageData, epoch int) *api.GenerateRequest {
+	options := make(map[string]interface{})
+	if *fOpt.maxTokens > 0 {
+		options["num_predict"] = *fOpt.maxTokens
+	}
+	options["temperature"] = *fOpt.temperature
+	if fOpt.seed != nil && *fOpt.seed > 0 {
+		options["seed"] = *fOpt.seed
+	}
+	if fOpt.numCtx != nil && *fOpt.numCtx > 0 {
+		options["num_ctx"] = *fOpt.numCtx
+	}
+
+	var keepAliveDuration *api.Duration
+	if *fOpt.keepAlive > 0 {
+		duration := api.Duration{Duration: time.Duration(*fOpt.keepAlive * float64(time.Second))}
+		keepAliveDuration = &duration
+	}
+
+	prompt := *fOpt.prompt
+	if *fOpt.promptTokens > 0 {
+		prompt = generatePromptForTokenCount(*fOpt.promptTokens, epoch)
+	} else {
+		// Vary the prompt per epoch to defeat KV cache prefix matching
+		prompt = fmt.Sprintf("[%d] %s", epoch, prompt)
+	}
+
+	req := &api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:     model,
+		Prompt:    prompt,
+		Raw:       true,
+		Options:   options,
+		KeepAlive: keepAliveDuration,
+	}
+
+	if imgData != nil {
+		req.Images = []api.ImageData{imgData}
+	}
+
+	return req
+}
+
+func fetchModelInfo(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, model string) ModelInfo {
+	info := ModelInfo{Name: model}
+	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: model})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: Could not fetch model info for '%s': %v\n", model, err)
+		return info
+	}
+	info.ParameterSize = resp.Details.ParameterSize
+	info.QuantizationLevel = resp.Details.QuantizationLevel
+	info.Family = resp.Details.Family
+	return info
+}
+
+func fetchMemoryUsage(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, model string) (size, vram int64) {
+	resp, err := client.ListRunning(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		if debug := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_DEBUG"); debug != "" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: Could not fetch memory usage: %v\n", err)
+		}
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	for _, m := range resp.Models {
+		if m.Name == model || m.Model == model {
+			return m.Size, m.SizeVRAM
+		}
+	}
+	for _, m := range resp.Models {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(m.Name, model) || strings.HasPrefix(m.Model, model) {
+			return m.Size, m.SizeVRAM
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, 0
+}
+
+func fetchContextLength(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, model string) int64 {
+	resp, err := client.ListRunning(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	for _, m := range resp.Models {
+		if m.Name == model || m.Model == model || strings.HasPrefix(m.Name, model) || strings.HasPrefix(m.Model, model) {
+			return int64(m.ContextLength)
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func outputFormatHeader(w io.Writer, format string, verbose bool) {
+	switch format {
+	case "benchstat":
+		if verbose {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "goos: %s\n", runtime.GOOS)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "goarch: %s\n", runtime.GOARCH)
+		}
+	case "csv":
+		headings := []string{"NAME", "STEP", "COUNT", "NS_PER_COUNT", "TOKEN_PER_SEC"}
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, strings.Join(headings, ","))
+	}
+}
+
+func outputModelInfo(w io.Writer, format string, info ModelInfo) {
+	params := cmp.Or(info.ParameterSize, "unknown")
+	quant := cmp.Or(info.QuantizationLevel, "unknown")
+	family := cmp.Or(info.Family, "unknown")
+
+	memStr := ""
+	if info.SizeBytes > 0 {
+		memStr = fmt.Sprintf(" | Size: %d | VRAM: %d", info.SizeBytes, info.VRAMBytes)
+	}
+	ctxStr := ""
+	if info.NumCtx > 0 {
+		ctxStr = fmt.Sprintf(" | NumCtx: %d", info.NumCtx)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "# Model: %s | Params: %s | Quant: %s | Family: %s%s%s\n",
+		info.Name, params, quant, family, memStr, ctxStr)
+}
+
 func OutputMetrics(w io.Writer, format string, metrics []Metrics, verbose bool) {
 	switch format {
 	case "benchstat":
-		if verbose {
-			printHeader := func() {
-				fmt.Fprintf(w, "sysname: %s\n", runtime.GOOS)
-				fmt.Fprintf(w, "machine: %s\n", runtime.GOARCH)
-			}
-			once.Do(printHeader)
-		}
 		for _, m := range metrics {
 			if m.Step == "generate" || m.Step == "prefill" {
 				if m.Count > 0 {
 					nsPerToken := float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) / float64(m.Count)
 					tokensPerSec := float64(m.Count) / (float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) + 1e-12) * 1e9
-
-					fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=%s %d %.2f ns/token %.2f token/sec\n",
-						m.Model, m.Step, m.Count, nsPerToken, tokensPerSec)
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=%s 1 %.2f ns/token %.2f token/sec\n",
+						m.Model, m.Step, nsPerToken, tokensPerSec)
 				} else {
-					fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=%s %d 0 ns/token 0 token/sec\n",
-						m.Model, m.Step, m.Count)
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=%s 1 0 ns/token 0 token/sec\n",
+						m.Model, m.Step)
 				}
+			} else if m.Step == "ttft" {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=ttft 1 %d ns/op\n",
+					m.Model, m.Duration.Nanoseconds())
 			} else {
-				var suffix string
-				if m.Step == "load" {
-					suffix = "/step=load"
-				}
-				fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s%s 1 %d ns/request\n",
-					m.Model, suffix, m.Duration.Nanoseconds())
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "BenchmarkModel/name=%s/step=%s 1 %d ns/op\n",
+					m.Model, m.Step, m.Duration.Nanoseconds())
 			}
 		}
 	case "csv":
-		printHeader := func() {
-			headings := []string{"NAME", "STEP", "COUNT", "NS_PER_COUNT", "TOKEN_PER_SEC"}
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, strings.Join(headings, ","))
-		}
-		once.Do(printHeader)
-
 		for _, m := range metrics {
 			if m.Step == "generate" || m.Step == "prefill" {
 				var nsPerToken float64
@@ -94,39 +252,14 @@ func OutputMetrics(w io.Writer, format string, metrics []Metrics, verbose bool)
 				fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s,%s,1,%d,0\n", m.Model, m.Step, m.Duration.Nanoseconds())
 			}
 		}
-	case "markdown":
-		printHeader := func() {
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, "| Model | Step | Count | Duration | nsPerToken | tokensPerSec |")
-			fmt.Fprintln(w, "|-------|------|-------|----------|------------|--------------|")
-		}
-		once.Do(printHeader)
-
-		for _, m := range metrics {
-			var nsPerToken, tokensPerSec float64
-			var nsPerTokenStr, tokensPerSecStr string
-
-			if m.Step == "generate" || m.Step == "prefill" {
-				nsPerToken = float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) / float64(m.Count)
-				tokensPerSec = float64(m.Count) / (float64(m.Duration.Nanoseconds()) + 1e-12) * 1e9
-				nsPerTokenStr = fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", nsPerToken)
-				tokensPerSecStr = fmt.Sprintf("%.2f", tokensPerSec)
-			} else {
-				nsPerTokenStr = "-"
-				tokensPerSecStr = "-"
-			}
-
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "| %s | %s | %d | %v | %s | %s |\n",
-				m.Model, m.Step, m.Count, m.Duration, nsPerTokenStr, tokensPerSecStr)
-		}
 	default:
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Unknown output format '%s'\n", format)
 	}
 }
 
-func BenchmarkChat(fOpt flagOptions) error {
+func BenchmarkModel(fOpt flagOptions) error {
 	models := strings.Split(*fOpt.models, ",")
 
-	// todo - add multi-image support
 	var imgData api.ImageData
 	var err error
 	if *fOpt.imageFile != "" {
@@ -158,71 +291,141 @@ func BenchmarkChat(fOpt flagOptions) error {
 		out = f
 	}
 
+	outputFormatHeader(out, *fOpt.format, *fOpt.verbose)
+
+	// Log prompt-tokens info in debug mode
+	if *fOpt.debug && *fOpt.promptTokens > 0 {
+		prompt := generatePromptForTokenCount(*fOpt.promptTokens, 0)
+		wordCount := len(strings.Fields(prompt))
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Generated prompt targeting ~%d tokens (%d words, varied per epoch)\n", *fOpt.promptTokens, wordCount)
+	}
+
 	for _, model := range models {
-		for range *fOpt.epochs {
-			options := make(map[string]interface{})
-			if *fOpt.maxTokens > 0 {
-				options["num_predict"] = *fOpt.maxTokens
-			}
-			options["temperature"] = *fOpt.temperature
-			if fOpt.seed != nil && *fOpt.seed > 0 {
-				options["seed"] = *fOpt.seed
-			}
-
-			var keepAliveDuration *api.Duration
-			if *fOpt.keepAlive > 0 {
-				duration := api.Duration{Duration: time.Duration(*fOpt.keepAlive * float64(time.Second))}
-				keepAliveDuration = &duration
-			}
-
-			req := &api.ChatRequest{
-				Model: model,
-				Messages: []api.Message{
-					{
-						Role:    "user",
-						Content: *fOpt.prompt,
-					},
-				},
-				Options:   options,
-				KeepAlive: keepAliveDuration,
-			}
-
-			if imgData != nil {
-				req.Messages[0].Images = []api.ImageData{imgData}
-			}
-
-			var responseMetrics *api.Metrics
+		// Fetch model info
+		infoCtx, infoCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+		info := fetchModelInfo(infoCtx, client, model)
+		infoCancel()
 
+		// Warmup phase (uses negative epoch numbers to avoid colliding with timed epochs)
+		for i := range *fOpt.warmup {
+			req := buildGenerateRequest(model, fOpt, imgData, -(i + 1))
 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(*fOpt.timeout)*time.Second)
-			defer cancel()
-
-			err = client.Chat(ctx, req, func(resp api.ChatResponse) error {
-				if *fOpt.debug {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s", cmp.Or(resp.Message.Thinking, resp.Message.Content))
-				}
 
+			var warmupMetrics *api.Metrics
+			err = client.Generate(ctx, req, func(resp api.GenerateResponse) error {
 				if resp.Done {
-					responseMetrics = &resp.Metrics
+					warmupMetrics = &resp.Metrics
 				}
 				return nil
 			})
-
-			if *fOpt.debug {
-				fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
-			}
+			cancel()
 
 			if err != nil {
-				if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Chat request timed out with model '%s' after %vs\n", model, 1)
-					continue
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: Warmup %d/%d for %s failed: %v\n", i+1, *fOpt.warmup, model, err)
+			} else {
+				if *fOpt.debug {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Warmup %d/%d for %s complete\n", i+1, *fOpt.warmup, model)
 				}
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Couldn't chat with model '%s': %v\n", model, err)
+				// Calibrate prompt token count on last warmup run
+				if i == *fOpt.warmup-1 && *fOpt.promptTokens > 0 && warmupMetrics != nil {
+					prompt := generatePromptForTokenCount(*fOpt.promptTokens, -(i + 1))
+					wordCount := len(strings.Fields(prompt))
+					calibratePromptTokens(*fOpt.promptTokens, warmupMetrics.PromptEvalCount, wordCount)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fetch memory/context info once after warmup (model is loaded and stable)
+		memCtx, memCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		info.SizeBytes, info.VRAMBytes = fetchMemoryUsage(memCtx, client, model)
+		if fOpt.numCtx != nil && *fOpt.numCtx > 0 {
+			info.NumCtx = int64(*fOpt.numCtx)
+		} else {
+			info.NumCtx = fetchContextLength(memCtx, client, model)
+		}
+		memCancel()
+
+		outputModelInfo(out, *fOpt.format, info)
+
+		// Timed epoch loop
+		shortCount := 0
+		for epoch := range *fOpt.epochs {
+			var responseMetrics *api.Metrics
+			var ttft time.Duration
+			short := false
+
+			// Retry loop: if the model hits a stop token before max-tokens,
+			// retry with a different prompt (up to maxRetries times).
+			const maxRetries = 3
+			for attempt := range maxRetries + 1 {
+				responseMetrics = nil
+				ttft = 0
+				var ttftOnce sync.Once
+
+				req := buildGenerateRequest(model, fOpt, imgData, epoch+attempt*1000)
+				requestStart := time.Now()
+
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(*fOpt.timeout)*time.Second)
+
+				err = client.Generate(ctx, req, func(resp api.GenerateResponse) error {
+					if *fOpt.debug {
+						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s", cmp.Or(resp.Thinking, resp.Response))
+					}
+
+					// Capture TTFT on first content
+					ttftOnce.Do(func() {
+						if resp.Response != "" || resp.Thinking != "" {
+							ttft = time.Since(requestStart)
+						}
+					})
+
+					if resp.Done {
+						responseMetrics = &resp.Metrics
+					}
+					return nil
+				})
+				cancel()
+
+				if *fOpt.debug {
+					fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+				}
+
+				if err != nil {
+					if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Request timed out with model '%s' after %vs\n", model, *fOpt.timeout)
+					} else {
+						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Couldn't generate with model '%s': %v\n", model, err)
+					}
+					break
+				}
+
+				if responseMetrics == nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: No metrics received for model '%s'\n", model)
+					break
+				}
+
+				// Check if the response was shorter than requested
+				short = *fOpt.maxTokens > 0 && responseMetrics.EvalCount < *fOpt.maxTokens
+				if !short || attempt == maxRetries {
+					break
+				}
+
+				if *fOpt.debug {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Short response (%d/%d tokens), retrying with different prompt (attempt %d/%d)\n",
+						responseMetrics.EvalCount, *fOpt.maxTokens, attempt+1, maxRetries)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if err != nil || responseMetrics == nil {
 				continue
 			}
 
-			if responseMetrics == nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: No metrics received for model '%s'\n", model)
-				continue
+			if short {
+				shortCount++
+				if *fOpt.debug {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: Short response (%d/%d tokens) after %d retries for epoch %d\n",
+						responseMetrics.EvalCount, *fOpt.maxTokens, maxRetries, epoch+1)
+				}
 			}
 
 			metrics := []Metrics{
@@ -238,6 +441,12 @@ func BenchmarkChat(fOpt flagOptions) error {
 					Count:    responseMetrics.EvalCount,
 					Duration: responseMetrics.EvalDuration,
 				},
+				{
+					Model:    model,
+					Step:     "ttft",
+					Count:    1,
+					Duration: ttft,
+				},
 				{
 					Model:    model,
 					Step:     "load",
@@ -254,15 +463,42 @@ func BenchmarkChat(fOpt flagOptions) error {
 
 			OutputMetrics(out, *fOpt.format, metrics, *fOpt.verbose)
 
+			if *fOpt.debug && *fOpt.promptTokens > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Generated prompt targeting ~%d tokens (actual: %d)\n",
+					*fOpt.promptTokens, responseMetrics.PromptEvalCount)
+			}
+
 			if *fOpt.keepAlive > 0 {
 				time.Sleep(time.Duration(*fOpt.keepAlive*float64(time.Second)) + 200*time.Millisecond)
 			}
 		}
+
+		if shortCount > 0 {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "WARNING: %d/%d epochs for '%s' had short responses (<%d tokens). Generation metrics may be unreliable.\n",
+				shortCount, *fOpt.epochs, model, *fOpt.maxTokens)
+		}
+
+		// Unload model before moving to the next one
+		unloadModel(client, model, *fOpt.timeout)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func unloadModel(client *api.Client, model string, timeout int) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(timeout)*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	zero := api.Duration{Duration: 0}
+	req := &api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:     model,
+		KeepAlive: &zero,
+	}
+	_ = client.Generate(ctx, req, func(resp api.GenerateResponse) error {
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
 func readImage(filePath string) (api.ImageData, error) {
 	file, err := os.Open(filePath)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -280,19 +516,22 @@ func readImage(filePath string) (api.ImageData, error) {
 
 func main() {
 	fOpt := flagOptions{
-		models:      flag.String("model", "", "Model to benchmark"),
-		epochs:      flag.Int("epochs", 6, "Number of epochs (iterations) per model"),
-		maxTokens:   flag.Int("max-tokens", 200, "Maximum tokens for model response"),
-		temperature: flag.Float64("temperature", 0, "Temperature parameter"),
-		seed:        flag.Int("seed", 0, "Random seed"),
-		timeout:     flag.Int("timeout", 60*5, "Timeout in seconds (default 300s)"),
-		prompt:      flag.String("p", DefaultPrompt, "Prompt to use"),
-		imageFile:   flag.String("image", "", "Filename for an image to include"),
-		keepAlive:   flag.Float64("k", 0, "Keep alive duration in seconds"),
-		format:      flag.String("format", "markdown", "Output format [benchstat|csv] (default benchstat)"),
-		outputFile:  flag.String("output", "", "Output file for results (stdout if empty)"),
-		verbose:     flag.Bool("v", false, "Show system information"),
-		debug:       flag.Bool("debug", false, "Show debug information"),
+		models:       flag.String("model", "", "Model to benchmark"),
+		epochs:       flag.Int("epochs", 6, "Number of epochs (iterations) per model"),
+		maxTokens:    flag.Int("max-tokens", 200, "Maximum tokens for model response"),
+		temperature:  flag.Float64("temperature", 0, "Temperature parameter"),
+		seed:         flag.Int("seed", 0, "Random seed"),
+		timeout:      flag.Int("timeout", 60*5, "Timeout in seconds (default 300s)"),
+		prompt:       flag.String("p", DefaultPrompt, "Prompt to use"),
+		imageFile:    flag.String("image", "", "Filename for an image to include"),
+		keepAlive:    flag.Float64("k", 0, "Keep alive duration in seconds"),
+		format:       flag.String("format", "benchstat", "Output format [benchstat|csv]"),
+		outputFile:   flag.String("output", "", "Output file for results (stdout if empty)"),
+		verbose:      flag.Bool("v", false, "Show system information"),
+		debug:        flag.Bool("debug", false, "Show debug information"),
+		warmup:       flag.Int("warmup", 1, "Number of warmup requests before timing"),
+		promptTokens: flag.Int("prompt-tokens", 0, "Generate prompt targeting ~N tokens (0 = use -p prompt)"),
+		numCtx:       flag.Int("num-ctx", 0, "Context size (0 = server default)"),
 	}
 
 	flag.Usage = func() {
@@ -302,11 +541,12 @@ func main() {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Options:\n")
 		flag.PrintDefaults()
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nExamples:\n")
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  bench -model gpt-oss:20b -epochs 3 -temperature 0.7\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  bench -model gemma3,llama3 -epochs 6\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "  bench -model gemma3 -epochs 6 -prompt-tokens 512 -format csv\n")
 	}
 	flag.Parse()
 
-	if !slices.Contains([]string{"markdown", "benchstat", "csv"}, *fOpt.format) {
+	if !slices.Contains([]string{"benchstat", "csv"}, *fOpt.format) {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "ERROR: Unknown format '%s'\n", *fOpt.format)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
@@ -317,5 +557,5 @@ func main() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	BenchmarkChat(fOpt)
+	BenchmarkModel(fOpt)
 }

cmd/cmd.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"log"
+	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
@@ -38,9 +39,12 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/launch"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/tui"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/modelref"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/logutil"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/parser"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/progress"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/readline"
@@ -50,46 +54,84 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/syncmap"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
 	xcmd "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/cmd"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/create"
+	xcreate "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/create"
 	xcreateclient "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/create/client"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	// Override default selectors to use Bubbletea TUI instead of raw terminal I/O.
-	config.DefaultSingleSelector = func(title string, items []config.ModelItem, current string) (string, error) {
-		tuiItems := tui.ReorderItems(tui.ConvertItems(items))
-		result, err := tui.SelectSingle(title, tuiItems, current)
-		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
-			return "", config.ErrCancelled
-		}
-		return result, err
+	launch.DefaultSingleSelector = func(title string, items []launch.SelectionItem, current string) (string, error) {
+		return runTUISingleSelector(title, items, current, nil)
 	}
 
-	config.DefaultMultiSelector = func(title string, items []config.ModelItem, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
-		tuiItems := tui.ReorderItems(tui.ConvertItems(items))
-		result, err := tui.SelectMultiple(title, tuiItems, preChecked)
-		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
-			return nil, config.ErrCancelled
-		}
-		return result, err
+	launch.DefaultSingleSelectorWithUpdates = func(title string, items []launch.SelectionItem, current string, updates <-chan []launch.SelectionItem) (string, error) {
+		return runTUISingleSelector(title, items, current, updates)
 	}
 
-	config.DefaultSignIn = func(modelName, signInURL string) (string, error) {
+	launch.DefaultMultiSelector = func(title string, items []launch.SelectionItem, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
+		return runTUIMultiSelector(title, items, preChecked, nil)
+	}
+
+	launch.DefaultMultiSelectorWithUpdates = func(title string, items []launch.SelectionItem, preChecked []string, updates <-chan []launch.SelectionItem) ([]string, error) {
+		return runTUIMultiSelector(title, items, preChecked, updates)
+	}
+
+	launch.DefaultSignIn = func(modelName, signInURL string) (string, error) {
 		userName, err := tui.RunSignIn(modelName, signInURL)
 		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
-			return "", config.ErrCancelled
+			return "", launch.ErrCancelled
 		}
 		return userName, err
 	}
 
-	config.DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string) (bool, error) {
-		ok, err := tui.RunConfirm(prompt)
+	launch.DefaultUpgrade = func(modelName, requiredPlan string) (string, error) {
+		plan, err := tui.RunUpgrade(modelName, requiredPlan)
 		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
-			return false, config.ErrCancelled
+			return "", launch.ErrCancelled
 		}
-		return ok, err
+		return plan, err
 	}
+
+	launch.DefaultConfirmPrompt = tui.RunConfirmWithOptions
+}
+
+func runTUISingleSelector(title string, items []launch.SelectionItem, current string, updates <-chan []launch.SelectionItem) (string, error) {
+	if !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) || !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd())) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("model selection requires an interactive terminal; use --model to run in headless mode")
+	}
+	tuiItems := tui.ReorderItems(tui.ConvertItems(items))
+	result, err := tui.SelectSingleWithUpdates(title, tuiItems, current, convertSelectionItemUpdates(updates))
+	if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
+		return "", launch.ErrCancelled
+	}
+	return result, err
+}
+
+func runTUIMultiSelector(title string, items []launch.SelectionItem, preChecked []string, updates <-chan []launch.SelectionItem) ([]string, error) {
+	if !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) || !term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd())) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("model selection requires an interactive terminal; use --model to run in headless mode")
+	}
+	tuiItems := tui.ReorderItems(tui.ConvertItems(items))
+	result, err := tui.SelectMultipleWithUpdates(title, tuiItems, preChecked, convertSelectionItemUpdates(updates))
+	if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
+		return nil, launch.ErrCancelled
+	}
+	return result, err
+}
+
+func convertSelectionItemUpdates(updates <-chan []launch.SelectionItem) <-chan []tui.SelectItem {
+	if updates == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(chan []tui.SelectItem, 1)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		for items := range updates {
+			out <- tui.ReorderItems(tui.ConvertItems(items))
+		}
+	}()
+	return out
 }
 
 const ConnectInstructions = "If your browser did not open, navigate to:\n    %s\n\n"
@@ -131,6 +173,50 @@ func getModelfileName(cmd *cobra.Command) (string, error) {
 	return absName, nil
 }
 
+// isLocalhost returns true if the configured Ollama host is a loopback or unspecified address.
+func isLocalhost() bool {
+	host := envconfig.Host()
+	h, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(host.Host)
+	if h == "localhost" {
+		return true
+	}
+	ip := net.ParseIP(h)
+	return ip != nil && (ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsUnspecified())
+}
+
+func resolveExperimentalLocalModelDir(ref, filename string) string {
+	if ref == "" || filepath.IsAbs(ref) || filename == "" {
+		return ref
+	}
+
+	candidate := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), ref)
+	if xcreate.IsSafetensorsModelDir(candidate) || xcreate.IsTensorModelDir(candidate) {
+		return candidate
+	}
+
+	return ref
+}
+
+func resolveExperimentalDraftDir(ref, filename string) (string, error) {
+	if ref == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if filepath.IsAbs(ref) {
+		if xcreate.IsSafetensorsModelDir(ref) {
+			return ref, nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("draft %s is not a supported safetensors model directory", ref)
+	}
+	if filename != "" {
+		candidate := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), ref)
+		if xcreate.IsSafetensorsModelDir(candidate) {
+			return candidate, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("DRAFT model references are not supported with --experimental yet: %s", ref)
+}
+
 func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	p := progress.NewProgress(os.Stderr)
 	defer p.Stop()
@@ -143,8 +229,17 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	// Check for --experimental flag for safetensors model creation
+	// This gates both safetensors LLM and imagegen model creation
 	experimental, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("experimental")
+	draftQuantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("draft-quantize")
+	if draftQuantize != "" && !experimental {
+		return errors.New("--draft-quantize requires --experimental")
+	}
 	if experimental {
+		if !isLocalhost() {
+			return errors.New("remote safetensor model creation not yet supported")
+		}
+
 		// Get Modelfile content - either from -f flag or default to "FROM ."
 		var reader io.Reader
 		filename, err := getModelfileName(cmd)
@@ -168,59 +263,36 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Modelfile: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		// Extract FROM path and configuration
-		var modelDir string
-		mfConfig := &xcreateclient.ModelfileConfig{}
+		modelDir, mfConfig, err := xcreateclient.ConfigFromModelfile(modelfile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
-		for _, cmd := range modelfile.Commands {
-			switch cmd.Name {
-			case "model":
-				modelDir = cmd.Args
-			case "template":
-				mfConfig.Template = cmd.Args
-			case "system":
-				mfConfig.System = cmd.Args
-			case "license":
-				mfConfig.License = cmd.Args
-			case "parser":
-				mfConfig.Parser = cmd.Args
-			case "renderer":
-				mfConfig.Renderer = cmd.Args
+		modelDir = resolveExperimentalLocalModelDir(modelDir, filename)
+		if mfConfig.Draft != "" {
+			draftDir, err := resolveExperimentalDraftDir(mfConfig.Draft, filename)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
 			}
-		}
-
-		if modelDir == "" {
-			modelDir = "."
-		}
-
-		// Resolve relative paths based on Modelfile location
-		if !filepath.IsAbs(modelDir) && filename != "" {
-			modelDir = filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), modelDir)
+			mfConfig.Draft = draftDir
 		}
 
 		quantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("quantize")
 		return xcreateclient.CreateModel(xcreateclient.CreateOptions{
-			ModelName: modelName,
-			ModelDir:  modelDir,
-			Quantize:  quantize,
-			Modelfile: mfConfig,
+			ModelName:     modelName,
+			ModelDir:      modelDir,
+			Quantize:      quantize,
+			DraftQuantize: draftQuantize,
+			Modelfile:     mfConfig,
 		}, p)
 	}
 
+	// Standard Modelfile + API path
 	var reader io.Reader
 
 	filename, err := getModelfileName(cmd)
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		if filename == "" {
-			// No Modelfile found - check if current directory is an image gen model
-			if create.IsTensorModelDir(".") {
-				quantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("quantize")
-				return xcreateclient.CreateModel(xcreateclient.CreateOptions{
-					ModelName: modelName,
-					ModelDir:  ".",
-					Quantize:  quantize,
-				}, p)
-			}
 			reader = strings.NewReader("FROM .\n")
 		} else {
 			return errModelfileNotFound
@@ -406,12 +478,14 @@ func loadOrUnloadModel(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *runOptions) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	requestedCloud := modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(opts.Model)
+
 	if info, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: opts.Model}); err != nil {
 		return err
-	} else if info.RemoteHost != "" {
+	} else if info.RemoteHost != "" || requestedCloud {
 		// Cloud model, no need to load/unload
 
-		isCloud := strings.HasPrefix(info.RemoteHost, "https://ollama.com")
+		isCloud := requestedCloud || strings.HasPrefix(info.RemoteHost, "https://ollama.com")
 
 		// Check if user is signed in for ollama.com cloud models
 		if isCloud {
@@ -422,10 +496,14 @@ func loadOrUnloadModel(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *runOptions) error {
 
 		if opts.ShowConnect {
 			p.StopAndClear()
+			remoteModel := info.RemoteModel
+			if remoteModel == "" {
+				remoteModel = opts.Model
+			}
 			if isCloud {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Connecting to '%s' on 'ollama.com' ⚡\n", info.RemoteModel)
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Connecting to '%s' on 'ollama.com' ⚡\n", remoteModel)
 			} else {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Connecting to '%s' on '%s'\n", info.RemoteModel, info.RemoteHost)
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Connecting to '%s' on '%s'\n", remoteModel, info.RemoteHost)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -497,6 +575,64 @@ func generateEmbedding(cmd *cobra.Command, modelName, input string, keepAlive *a
 	return nil
 }
 
+// TODO(parthsareen): consolidate with TUI signin flow
+func handleCloudAuthorizationError(err error) bool {
+	var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+	if errors.As(err, &authErr) && authErr.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		fmt.Printf("You need to be signed in to Ollama to run Cloud models.\n\n")
+		if authErr.SigninURL != "" {
+			fmt.Printf(ConnectInstructions, authErr.SigninURL)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// TEMP(drifkin): To match legacy `ollama run some-model:cloud` behavior, we
+// best-effort pull cloud stub files for any explicit cloud source models.
+// Remove this once `/api/tags` is cloud-aware.
+func ensureCloudStub(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) {
+	if !modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(modelName) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	normalizedName, _, err := modelref.NormalizePullName(modelName)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("failed to normalize pull name", "model", modelName, "error", err, "normalizedName", normalizedName)
+		return
+	}
+
+	listResp, err := client.List(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("failed to list models", "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if hasListedModelName(listResp.Models, modelName) || hasListedModelName(listResp.Models, normalizedName) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	logutil.Trace("pulling cloud stub", "model", modelName, "normalizedName", normalizedName)
+	err = client.Pull(ctx, &api.PullRequest{
+		Model: normalizedName,
+	}, func(api.ProgressResponse) error {
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("failed to pull cloud stub", "model", modelName, "error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func hasListedModelName(models []api.ListModelResponse, name string) bool {
+	for _, m := range models {
+		if strings.EqualFold(m.Name, name) || strings.EqualFold(m.Model, name) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	interactive := true
 
@@ -527,10 +663,10 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			opts.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: true}
 		case "false":
 			opts.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: false}
-		case "high", "medium", "low":
+		case "high", "medium", "low", "max":
 			opts.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: thinkStr}
 		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for --think: %q (must be true, false, high, medium, or low)", thinkStr)
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for --think: %q (must be true, false, high, medium, low, or max)", thinkStr)
 		}
 	} else {
 		opts.Think = nil
@@ -585,17 +721,6 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 	opts.WordWrap = !nowrap
 
-	useImagegen := false
-	if cmd.Flags().Lookup("imagegen") != nil {
-		useImagegen, err = cmd.Flags().GetBool("imagegen")
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	if useImagegen {
-		opts.Options["use_imagegen_runner"] = true
-	}
-
 	// Fill out the rest of the options based on information about the
 	// model.
 	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
@@ -604,12 +729,16 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	name := args[0]
+	requestedCloud := modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(name)
 
 	info, err := func() (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
 		showReq := &api.ShowRequest{Name: name}
 		info, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), showReq)
 		var se api.StatusError
 		if errors.As(err, &se) && se.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
+			if requestedCloud {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 			if err := PullHandler(cmd, []string{name}); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -618,15 +747,21 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return info, err
 	}()
 	if err != nil {
+		if handleCloudAuthorizationError(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
 		return err
 	}
 
+	ensureCloudStub(cmd.Context(), client, name)
+
 	opts.Think, err = inferThinkingOption(&info.Capabilities, &opts, thinkFlag.Changed)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	opts.MultiModal = slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision)
+	audioCapable := slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityAudio)
+	opts.MultiModal = slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision) || audioCapable
 
 	// TODO: remove the projector info and vision info checks below,
 	// these are left in for backwards compatibility with older servers
@@ -641,7 +776,7 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	opts.ParentModel = info.Details.ParentModel
+	applyShowResponseToRunOptions(&opts, info)
 
 	// Check if this is an embedding model
 	isEmbeddingModel := slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityEmbedding)
@@ -712,7 +847,13 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 		return generateInteractive(cmd, opts)
 	}
-	return generate(cmd, opts)
+	if err := generate(cmd, opts); err != nil {
+		if handleCloudAuthorizationError(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func SigninHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -1351,23 +1492,30 @@ func PullHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 type generateContextKey string
 
 type runOptions struct {
-	Model        string
-	ParentModel  string
-	Prompt       string
-	Messages     []api.Message
-	WordWrap     bool
-	Format       string
-	System       string
-	Images       []api.ImageData
-	Options      map[string]any
-	MultiModal   bool
-	KeepAlive    *api.Duration
-	Think        *api.ThinkValue
-	HideThinking bool
-	ShowConnect  bool
+	Model          string
+	ParentModel    string
+	LoadedMessages []api.Message
+	Prompt         string
+	Messages       []api.Message
+	WordWrap       bool
+	Format         string
+	System         string
+	Images         []api.ImageData
+	Options        map[string]any
+	MultiModal     bool
+	KeepAlive      *api.Duration
+	Think          *api.ThinkValue
+	HideThinking   bool
+	ShowConnect    bool
 }
 
 func (r runOptions) Copy() runOptions {
+	var loadedMessages []api.Message
+	if r.LoadedMessages != nil {
+		loadedMessages = make([]api.Message, len(r.LoadedMessages))
+		copy(loadedMessages, r.LoadedMessages)
+	}
+
 	var messages []api.Message
 	if r.Messages != nil {
 		messages = make([]api.Message, len(r.Messages))
@@ -1395,23 +1543,29 @@ func (r runOptions) Copy() runOptions {
 	}
 
 	return runOptions{
-		Model:        r.Model,
-		ParentModel:  r.ParentModel,
-		Prompt:       r.Prompt,
-		Messages:     messages,
-		WordWrap:     r.WordWrap,
-		Format:       r.Format,
-		System:       r.System,
-		Images:       images,
-		Options:      opts,
-		MultiModal:   r.MultiModal,
-		KeepAlive:    r.KeepAlive,
-		Think:        think,
-		HideThinking: r.HideThinking,
-		ShowConnect:  r.ShowConnect,
+		Model:          r.Model,
+		ParentModel:    r.ParentModel,
+		LoadedMessages: loadedMessages,
+		Prompt:         r.Prompt,
+		Messages:       messages,
+		WordWrap:       r.WordWrap,
+		Format:         r.Format,
+		System:         r.System,
+		Images:         images,
+		Options:        opts,
+		MultiModal:     r.MultiModal,
+		KeepAlive:      r.KeepAlive,
+		Think:          think,
+		HideThinking:   r.HideThinking,
+		ShowConnect:    r.ShowConnect,
 	}
 }
 
+func applyShowResponseToRunOptions(opts *runOptions, info *api.ShowResponse) {
+	opts.ParentModel = info.Details.ParentModel
+	opts.LoadedMessages = slices.Clone(info.Messages)
+}
+
 type displayResponseState struct {
 	lineLength int
 	wordBuffer string
@@ -1419,6 +1573,9 @@ type displayResponseState struct {
 
 func displayResponse(content string, wordWrap bool, state *displayResponseState) {
 	termWidth, _, _ := term.GetSize(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
+	if termWidth == 0 {
+		termWidth = 80
+	}
 	if wordWrap && termWidth >= 10 {
 		for _, ch := range content {
 			if state.lineLength+1 > termWidth-5 {
@@ -1892,6 +2049,77 @@ func ensureServerRunning(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 }
 
+func launchInteractiveModel(cmd *cobra.Command, modelName string) error {
+	opts := runOptions{
+		Model:       modelName,
+		WordWrap:    os.Getenv("TERM") == "xterm-256color",
+		Options:     map[string]any{},
+		ShowConnect: true,
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	requestedCloud := modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(modelName)
+
+	info, err := func() (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
+		showReq := &api.ShowRequest{Name: modelName}
+		info, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), showReq)
+		var se api.StatusError
+		if errors.As(err, &se) && se.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
+			if requestedCloud {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if err := PullHandler(cmd, []string{modelName}); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Name: modelName})
+		}
+		return info, err
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
+		if handleCloudAuthorizationError(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ensureCloudStub(cmd.Context(), client, modelName)
+
+	opts.Think, err = inferThinkingOption(&info.Capabilities, &opts, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	audioCapable := slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityAudio)
+	opts.MultiModal = slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision) || audioCapable
+
+	// TODO: remove the projector info and vision info checks below,
+	// these are left in for backwards compatibility with older servers
+	// that don't have the capabilities field in the model info
+	if len(info.ProjectorInfo) != 0 {
+		opts.MultiModal = true
+	}
+	for k := range info.ModelInfo {
+		if strings.Contains(k, ".vision.") {
+			opts.MultiModal = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	applyShowResponseToRunOptions(&opts, info)
+
+	if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error loading model: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := generateInteractive(cmd, opts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running model: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // runInteractiveTUI runs the main interactive TUI menu.
 func runInteractiveTUI(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	// Ensure the server is running before showing the TUI
@@ -1900,175 +2128,113 @@ func runInteractiveTUI(cmd *cobra.Command) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Selector adapters for tui
-	singleSelector := func(title string, items []config.ModelItem, current string) (string, error) {
-		tuiItems := tui.ReorderItems(tui.ConvertItems(items))
-		result, err := tui.SelectSingle(title, tuiItems, current)
-		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
-			return "", config.ErrCancelled
-		}
-		return result, err
-	}
-
-	multiSelector := func(title string, items []config.ModelItem, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
-		tuiItems := tui.ReorderItems(tui.ConvertItems(items))
-		result, err := tui.SelectMultiple(title, tuiItems, preChecked)
-		if errors.Is(err, tui.ErrCancelled) {
-			return nil, config.ErrCancelled
-		}
-		return result, err
+	accountPrefetch := launch.StartAccountStatePrefetch(cmd.Context())
+	deps := launcherDeps{
+		buildState:          launch.BuildLauncherState,
+		runMenu:             tui.RunMenu,
+		resolveRunModel:     launch.ResolveRunModel,
+		launchIntegration:   launch.LaunchIntegration,
+		runModel:            launchInteractiveModel,
+		accountState:        accountPrefetch.StateIfReady,
+		accountStateUpdates: accountPrefetch.StateUpdates,
 	}
 
 	for {
-		result, err := tui.Run()
+		continueLoop, err := runInteractiveTUIStep(cmd, deps)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
+		}
+		if !continueLoop {
 			return
 		}
+	}
+}
 
-		runModel := func(modelName string) {
-			client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-			if err != nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
-				return
-			}
-			if err := config.ShowOrPull(cmd.Context(), client, modelName); err != nil {
-				if errors.Is(err, config.ErrCancelled) {
-					return
-				}
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
-				return
-			}
-			_ = config.SetLastModel(modelName)
-			opts := runOptions{
-				Model:       modelName,
-				WordWrap:    os.Getenv("TERM") == "xterm-256color",
-				Options:     map[string]any{},
-				ShowConnect: true,
-			}
-			if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error loading model: %v\n", err)
-				return
-			}
-			if err := generateInteractive(cmd, opts); err != nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error running model: %v\n", err)
-			}
-		}
+type launcherDeps struct {
+	buildState          func(context.Context) (*launch.LauncherState, error)
+	runMenu             func(*launch.LauncherState) (tui.TUIAction, error)
+	resolveRunModel     func(context.Context, launch.RunModelRequest) (string, error)
+	launchIntegration   func(context.Context, launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error
+	runModel            func(*cobra.Command, string) error
+	accountState        func() *launch.AccountState
+	accountStateUpdates func(context.Context) <-chan *launch.AccountState
+}
 
-		launchIntegration := func(name string) bool {
-			if err := config.EnsureInstalled(name); err != nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
-				return true
-			}
-			// If not configured or model no longer exists, prompt for model selection
-			configuredModel := config.IntegrationModel(name)
-			if configuredModel == "" || !config.ModelExists(cmd.Context(), configuredModel) || config.IsCloudModelDisabled(cmd.Context(), configuredModel) {
-				err := config.ConfigureIntegrationWithSelectors(cmd.Context(), name, singleSelector, multiSelector)
-				if errors.Is(err, config.ErrCancelled) {
-					return false // Return to main menu
-				}
-				if err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error configuring %s: %v\n", name, err)
-					return true
-				}
-			}
-			if err := config.LaunchIntegration(name); err != nil {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error launching %s: %v\n", name, err)
-			}
-			return true
-		}
+func runInteractiveTUIStep(cmd *cobra.Command, deps launcherDeps) (bool, error) {
+	state, err := deps.buildState(cmd.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("build launcher state: %w", err)
+	}
+	if state != nil && deps.accountState != nil {
+		state.AccountState = deps.accountState()
+	}
 
-		switch result.Selection {
-		case tui.SelectionNone:
-			// User quit
-			return
-		case tui.SelectionRunModel:
-			_ = config.SetLastSelection("run")
-			if modelName := config.LastModel(); modelName != "" && !config.IsCloudModelDisabled(cmd.Context(), modelName) {
-				runModel(modelName)
-			} else {
-				modelName, err := config.SelectModelWithSelector(cmd.Context(), singleSelector)
-				if errors.Is(err, config.ErrCancelled) {
-					continue // Return to main menu
-				}
-				if err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error selecting model: %v\n", err)
-					continue
-				}
-				runModel(modelName)
-			}
-		case tui.SelectionChangeRunModel:
-			_ = config.SetLastSelection("run")
-			// Use model from modal if selected, otherwise show picker
-			modelName := result.Model
-			if modelName == "" {
-				var err error
-				modelName, err = config.SelectModelWithSelector(cmd.Context(), singleSelector)
-				if errors.Is(err, config.ErrCancelled) {
-					continue // Return to main menu
-				}
-				if err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error selecting model: %v\n", err)
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-			if config.IsCloudModelDisabled(cmd.Context(), modelName) {
-				continue // Return to main menu
-			}
-			runModel(modelName)
-		case tui.SelectionIntegration:
-			_ = config.SetLastSelection(result.Integration)
-			if !launchIntegration(result.Integration) {
-				continue // Return to main menu
-			}
-		case tui.SelectionChangeIntegration:
-			_ = config.SetLastSelection(result.Integration)
-			if len(result.Models) > 0 {
-				// Filter out cloud-disabled models
-				var filtered []string
-				for _, m := range result.Models {
-					if !config.IsCloudModelDisabled(cmd.Context(), m) {
-						filtered = append(filtered, m)
-					}
-				}
-				if len(filtered) == 0 {
-					continue
-				}
-				result.Models = filtered
-				// Multi-select from modal (Editor integrations)
-				if err := config.SaveAndEditIntegration(result.Integration, result.Models); err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error configuring %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
-					continue
-				}
-				if err := config.LaunchIntegrationWithModel(result.Integration, result.Models[0]); err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error launching %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
-				}
-			} else if result.Model != "" {
-				if config.IsCloudModelDisabled(cmd.Context(), result.Model) {
-					continue
-				}
-				// Single-select from modal - save and launch
-				if err := config.SaveIntegration(result.Integration, []string{result.Model}); err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error saving config: %v\n", err)
-					continue
-				}
-				if err := config.LaunchIntegrationWithModel(result.Integration, result.Model); err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error launching %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
-				}
-			} else {
-				err := config.ConfigureIntegrationWithSelectors(cmd.Context(), result.Integration, singleSelector, multiSelector)
-				if errors.Is(err, config.ErrCancelled) {
-					continue // Return to main menu
-				}
-				if err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error configuring %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
-					continue
-				}
-				if err := config.LaunchIntegration(result.Integration); err != nil {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error launching %s: %v\n", result.Integration, err)
-				}
-			}
+	action, err := deps.runMenu(state)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("run launcher menu: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return runLauncherAction(cmd, action, deps)
+}
+
+func saveLauncherSelection(action tui.TUIAction) {
+	// Best effort only: this affects menu recall, not launch correctness.
+	_ = config.SetLastSelection(action.LastSelection())
+}
+
+func runLauncherAction(cmd *cobra.Command, action tui.TUIAction, deps launcherDeps) (bool, error) {
+	switch action.Kind {
+	case tui.TUIActionNone:
+		return false, nil
+	case tui.TUIActionRunModel:
+		saveLauncherSelection(action)
+		req := action.RunModelRequest()
+		if deps.accountState != nil {
+			req.AccountState = deps.accountState()
+			req.AccountStateProvider = deps.accountState
 		}
+		req.AccountStateUpdates = deps.accountStateUpdates
+		modelName, err := deps.resolveRunModel(cmd.Context(), req)
+		if errors.Is(err, launch.ErrCancelled) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return true, fmt.Errorf("selecting model: %w", err)
+		}
+		if err := deps.runModel(cmd, modelName); err != nil {
+			return true, err
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	case tui.TUIActionLaunchIntegration:
+		saveLauncherSelection(action)
+		req := action.IntegrationLaunchRequest()
+		if deps.accountState != nil {
+			req.AccountState = deps.accountState()
+			req.AccountStateProvider = deps.accountState
+		}
+		req.AccountStateUpdates = deps.accountStateUpdates
+		err := deps.launchIntegration(cmd.Context(), req)
+		if errors.Is(err, launch.ErrCancelled) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return true, fmt.Errorf("launching %s: %w", action.Integration, err)
+		}
+		if launcherActionExitsLoop(action.Integration) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	default:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("unknown launcher action: %d", action.Kind)
+	}
+}
+
+func launcherActionExitsLoop(integration string) bool {
+	switch integration {
+	case "claude-desktop", "vscode":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2111,6 +2277,9 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 			if experimental, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("experimental"); experimental {
 				return nil
 			}
+			if draftQuantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("draft-quantize"); draftQuantize != "" {
+				return errors.New("--draft-quantize requires --experimental")
+			}
 			return checkServerHeartbeat(cmd, args)
 		},
 		RunE: CreateHandler,
@@ -2118,6 +2287,7 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 
 	createCmd.Flags().StringP("file", "f", "", "Name of the Modelfile (default \"Modelfile\")")
 	createCmd.Flags().StringP("quantize", "q", "", "Quantize model to this level (e.g. q4_K_M)")
+	createCmd.Flags().String("draft-quantize", "", "Quantize draft model to this level")
 	createCmd.Flags().Bool("experimental", false, "Enable experimental safetensors model creation")
 
 	showCmd := &cobra.Command{
@@ -2338,7 +2508,7 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 		copyCmd,
 		deleteCmd,
 		runnerCmd,
-		config.LaunchCmd(checkServerHeartbeat, runInteractiveTUI),
+		launch.LaunchCmd(checkServerHeartbeat, runInteractiveTUI),
 	)
 
 	return rootCmd

cmd/cmd_launcher_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/launch"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/tui"
+)
+
+func setCmdTestHome(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv("HOME", dir)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", dir)
+}
+
+func unexpectedRunModelResolution(t *testing.T) func(context.Context, launch.RunModelRequest) (string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	return func(ctx context.Context, req launch.RunModelRequest) (string, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect run-model resolution: %+v", req)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+}
+
+func unexpectedIntegrationLaunch(t *testing.T) func(context.Context, launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
+	t.Helper()
+	return func(ctx context.Context, req launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect integration launch: %+v", req)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func unexpectedModelLaunch(t *testing.T) func(*cobra.Command, string) error {
+	t.Helper()
+	return func(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect chat launch: %s", model)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunInteractiveTUI_RunModelActionsUseResolveRunModel(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		action    tui.TUIAction
+		wantForce bool
+		wantModel string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "enter uses saved model flow",
+			action:    tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionRunModel},
+			wantModel: "qwen3:8b",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "right forces picker",
+			action:    tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionRunModel, ForceConfigure: true},
+			wantForce: true,
+			wantModel: "glm-5:cloud",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			setCmdTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+
+			var menuCalls int
+			runMenu := func(state *launch.LauncherState) (tui.TUIAction, error) {
+				menuCalls++
+				if menuCalls == 1 {
+					return tt.action, nil
+				}
+				return tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionNone}, nil
+			}
+
+			var gotReq launch.RunModelRequest
+			var launched string
+			prefetchedAccount := &launch.AccountState{}
+			accountUpdates := func(context.Context) <-chan *launch.AccountState { return nil }
+			deps := launcherDeps{
+				buildState: func(ctx context.Context) (*launch.LauncherState, error) {
+					return &launch.LauncherState{}, nil
+				},
+				runMenu: func(state *launch.LauncherState) (tui.TUIAction, error) {
+					if state.AccountState != prefetchedAccount {
+						t.Fatalf("prefetched account state was not piped to menu state")
+					}
+					return runMenu(state)
+				},
+				resolveRunModel: func(ctx context.Context, req launch.RunModelRequest) (string, error) {
+					gotReq = req
+					return tt.wantModel, nil
+				},
+				launchIntegration: unexpectedIntegrationLaunch(t),
+				runModel: func(cmd *cobra.Command, model string) error {
+					launched = model
+					return nil
+				},
+				accountState: func() *launch.AccountState {
+					return prefetchedAccount
+				},
+				accountStateUpdates: accountUpdates,
+			}
+
+			cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+			cmd.SetContext(context.Background())
+			for {
+				continueLoop, err := runInteractiveTUIStep(cmd, deps)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("unexpected step error: %v", err)
+				}
+				if !continueLoop {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+
+			if gotReq.ForcePicker != tt.wantForce {
+				t.Fatalf("expected ForcePicker=%v, got %v", tt.wantForce, gotReq.ForcePicker)
+			}
+			if gotReq.AccountState != prefetchedAccount {
+				t.Fatalf("expected prefetched account state to be passed to run model request")
+			}
+			if gotReq.AccountStateUpdates == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected account state updates to be passed to run model request")
+			}
+			if launched != tt.wantModel {
+				t.Fatalf("expected interactive launcher to run %q, got %q", tt.wantModel, launched)
+			}
+			if got := config.LastSelection(); got != "run" {
+				t.Fatalf("expected last selection to be run, got %q", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunInteractiveTUI_IntegrationActionsUseLaunchIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		action    tui.TUIAction
+		wantForce bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "enter launches integration",
+			action: tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionLaunchIntegration, Integration: "claude"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "right forces configure",
+			action:    tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionLaunchIntegration, Integration: "claude", ForceConfigure: true},
+			wantForce: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			setCmdTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+
+			var menuCalls int
+			runMenu := func(state *launch.LauncherState) (tui.TUIAction, error) {
+				menuCalls++
+				if menuCalls == 1 {
+					return tt.action, nil
+				}
+				return tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionNone}, nil
+			}
+
+			var gotReq launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest
+			prefetchedAccount := &launch.AccountState{}
+			accountUpdates := func(context.Context) <-chan *launch.AccountState { return nil }
+			deps := launcherDeps{
+				buildState: func(ctx context.Context) (*launch.LauncherState, error) {
+					return &launch.LauncherState{}, nil
+				},
+				runMenu: func(state *launch.LauncherState) (tui.TUIAction, error) {
+					if state.AccountState != prefetchedAccount {
+						t.Fatalf("prefetched account state was not piped to menu state")
+					}
+					return runMenu(state)
+				},
+				resolveRunModel: unexpectedRunModelResolution(t),
+				launchIntegration: func(ctx context.Context, req launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
+					gotReq = req
+					return nil
+				},
+				runModel: unexpectedModelLaunch(t),
+				accountState: func() *launch.AccountState {
+					return prefetchedAccount
+				},
+				accountStateUpdates: accountUpdates,
+			}
+
+			cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+			cmd.SetContext(context.Background())
+			for {
+				continueLoop, err := runInteractiveTUIStep(cmd, deps)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("unexpected step error: %v", err)
+				}
+				if !continueLoop {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+
+			if gotReq.Name != "claude" {
+				t.Fatalf("expected integration name to be passed through, got %q", gotReq.Name)
+			}
+			if gotReq.ForceConfigure != tt.wantForce {
+				t.Fatalf("expected ForceConfigure=%v, got %v", tt.wantForce, gotReq.ForceConfigure)
+			}
+			if gotReq.AccountState != prefetchedAccount {
+				t.Fatalf("expected prefetched account state to be passed to integration request")
+			}
+			if gotReq.AccountStateUpdates == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected account state updates to be passed to integration request")
+			}
+			if got := config.LastSelection(); got != "claude" {
+				t.Fatalf("expected last selection to be claude, got %q", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunLauncherAction_RunModelContinuesAfterCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	setCmdTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(context.Background())
+
+	continueLoop, err := runLauncherAction(cmd, tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionRunModel}, launcherDeps{
+		buildState: nil,
+		runMenu:    nil,
+		resolveRunModel: func(ctx context.Context, req launch.RunModelRequest) (string, error) {
+			return "", launch.ErrCancelled
+		},
+		launchIntegration: unexpectedIntegrationLaunch(t),
+		runModel:          unexpectedModelLaunch(t),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil error on cancellation, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !continueLoop {
+		t.Fatal("expected cancellation to continue the menu loop")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunLauncherAction_GUIAppsExitTUILoop(t *testing.T) {
+	setCmdTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(context.Background())
+
+	for _, integration := range []string{"claude-desktop", "vscode"} {
+		continueLoop, err := runLauncherAction(cmd, tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionLaunchIntegration, Integration: integration}, launcherDeps{
+			resolveRunModel: unexpectedRunModelResolution(t),
+			launchIntegration: func(ctx context.Context, req launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
+				return nil
+			},
+			runModel: unexpectedModelLaunch(t),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected nil error for %s, got %v", integration, err)
+		}
+		if continueLoop {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %s launch to exit the TUI loop (return false)", integration)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Other integrations should continue the TUI loop (return true).
+	continueLoop, err := runLauncherAction(cmd, tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionLaunchIntegration, Integration: "claude"}, launcherDeps{
+		resolveRunModel: unexpectedRunModelResolution(t),
+		launchIntegration: func(ctx context.Context, req launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+		runModel: unexpectedModelLaunch(t),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil error, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !continueLoop {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-vscode integration to continue the TUI loop (return true)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunLauncherAction_IntegrationContinuesAfterCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	setCmdTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(context.Background())
+
+	continueLoop, err := runLauncherAction(cmd, tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionLaunchIntegration, Integration: "claude"}, launcherDeps{
+		buildState:      nil,
+		runMenu:         nil,
+		resolveRunModel: unexpectedRunModelResolution(t),
+		launchIntegration: func(ctx context.Context, req launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
+			return launch.ErrCancelled
+		},
+		runModel: unexpectedModelLaunch(t),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil error on cancellation, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !continueLoop {
+		t.Fatal("expected cancellation to continue the menu loop")
+	}
+}

cmd/cmd_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ Weigh anchor!
 				ParameterSize:     "7B",
 				QuantizationLevel: "FP16",
 			},
-			Requires: "0.14.0",
+			Requires: "0.19.0",
 		}, false, &b); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -310,10 +311,17 @@ Weigh anchor!
     architecture    test      
     parameters      7B        
     quantization    FP16      
-    requires        0.14.0    
+    requires        0.19.0
 
 `
-		if diff := cmp.Diff(expect, b.String()); diff != "" {
+		trimLinePadding := func(s string) string {
+			lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
+			for i, line := range lines {
+				lines[i] = strings.TrimRight(line, " \t\r")
+			}
+			return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+		}
+		if diff := cmp.Diff(trimLinePadding(expect), trimLinePadding(b.String())); diff != "" {
 			t.Errorf("unexpected output (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
 		}
 	})
@@ -705,6 +713,347 @@ func TestRunEmbeddingModelNoInput(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRunHandler_CloudAuthErrorOnShow_PrintsSigninMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	var generateCalled bool
+
+	mockServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch {
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/show" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
+				"error":      "unauthorized",
+				"signin_url": "https://ollama.com/signin",
+			}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/generate" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			generateCalled = true
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.GenerateResponse{Done: true}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", mockServer.URL)
+	t.Cleanup(mockServer.Close)
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+	cmd.Flags().String("keepalive", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("truncate", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("dimensions", 0, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("format", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("think", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("hidethinking", false, "")
+
+	oldStdout := os.Stdout
+	readOut, writeOut, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = writeOut
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.Stdout = oldStdout })
+
+	err := RunHandler(cmd, []string{"gpt-oss:20b:cloud", "hi"})
+
+	_ = writeOut.Close()
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	_, _ = io.Copy(&out, readOut)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RunHandler returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if generateCalled {
+		t.Fatal("expected run to stop before /api/generate after unauthorized /api/show")
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(out.String(), "You need to be signed in to Ollama to run Cloud models.") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sign-in guidance message, got %q", out.String())
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(out.String(), "https://ollama.com/signin") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected signin_url in output, got %q", out.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHandler_CloudAuthErrorOnGenerate_PrintsSigninMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	mockServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch {
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/show" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ShowResponse{
+				Capabilities: []model.Capability{model.CapabilityCompletion},
+			}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/generate" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
+				"error":      "unauthorized",
+				"signin_url": "https://ollama.com/signin",
+			}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", mockServer.URL)
+	t.Cleanup(mockServer.Close)
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+	cmd.Flags().String("keepalive", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("truncate", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("dimensions", 0, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("format", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("think", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("hidethinking", false, "")
+
+	oldStdout := os.Stdout
+	readOut, writeOut, _ := os.Pipe()
+	os.Stdout = writeOut
+	t.Cleanup(func() { os.Stdout = oldStdout })
+
+	err := RunHandler(cmd, []string{"gpt-oss:20b:cloud", "hi"})
+
+	_ = writeOut.Close()
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	_, _ = io.Copy(&out, readOut)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RunHandler returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(out.String(), "You need to be signed in to Ollama to run Cloud models.") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sign-in guidance message, got %q", out.String())
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(out.String(), "https://ollama.com/signin") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected signin_url in output, got %q", out.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHandler_ExplicitCloudStubMissing_PullsNormalizedNameTEMP(t *testing.T) {
+	var pulledModel string
+	var generateCalled bool
+
+	mockServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch {
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/show" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ShowResponse{
+				Capabilities: []model.Capability{model.CapabilityCompletion},
+				RemoteModel:  "gpt-oss:20b",
+			}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/tags" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ListResponse{Models: nil}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/pull" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			var req api.PullRequest
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+				return
+			}
+			pulledModel = req.Model
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "success"}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/generate" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			generateCalled = true
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.GenerateResponse{Done: true}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", mockServer.URL)
+	t.Cleanup(mockServer.Close)
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+	cmd.Flags().String("keepalive", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("truncate", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("dimensions", 0, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("format", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("think", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("hidethinking", false, "")
+
+	err := RunHandler(cmd, []string{"gpt-oss:20b:cloud", "hi"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RunHandler returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if pulledModel != "gpt-oss:20b-cloud" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected normalized pull model %q, got %q", "gpt-oss:20b-cloud", pulledModel)
+	}
+
+	if !generateCalled {
+		t.Fatal("expected /api/generate to be called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHandler_ExplicitCloudStubPresent_SkipsPullTEMP(t *testing.T) {
+	var pullCalled bool
+	var generateCalled bool
+
+	mockServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch {
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/show" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ShowResponse{
+				Capabilities: []model.Capability{model.CapabilityCompletion},
+				RemoteModel:  "gpt-oss:20b",
+			}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/tags" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ListResponse{
+				Models: []api.ListModelResponse{{Name: "gpt-oss:20b-cloud"}},
+			}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/pull" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			pullCalled = true
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ProgressResponse{Status: "success"}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/generate" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			generateCalled = true
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.GenerateResponse{Done: true}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", mockServer.URL)
+	t.Cleanup(mockServer.Close)
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+	cmd.Flags().String("keepalive", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("truncate", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("dimensions", 0, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("format", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("think", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("hidethinking", false, "")
+
+	err := RunHandler(cmd, []string{"gpt-oss:20b:cloud", "hi"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RunHandler returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if pullCalled {
+		t.Fatal("expected /api/pull not to be called when cloud stub already exists")
+	}
+
+	if !generateCalled {
+		t.Fatal("expected /api/generate to be called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunHandler_ExplicitCloudStubPullFailure_IsBestEffortTEMP(t *testing.T) {
+	var generateCalled bool
+
+	mockServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch {
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/show" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ShowResponse{
+				Capabilities: []model.Capability{model.CapabilityCompletion},
+				RemoteModel:  "gpt-oss:20b",
+			}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/tags" && r.Method == http.MethodGet:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ListResponse{Models: nil}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/pull" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{"error": "pull failed"}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		case r.URL.Path == "/api/generate" && r.Method == http.MethodPost:
+			generateCalled = true
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.GenerateResponse{Done: true}); err != nil {
+				http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+			return
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", mockServer.URL)
+	t.Cleanup(mockServer.Close)
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+	cmd.Flags().String("keepalive", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("truncate", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Int("dimensions", 0, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("verbose", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("insecure", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("nowordwrap", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("format", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("think", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("hidethinking", false, "")
+
+	err := RunHandler(cmd, []string{"gpt-oss:20b:cloud", "hi"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RunHandler returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !generateCalled {
+		t.Fatal("expected /api/generate to be called despite pull failure")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGetModelfileName(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name          string
@@ -1176,6 +1525,87 @@ func TestCreateHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCreateHandlerDraftQuantizeRequiresExperimental(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("experimental", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("draft-quantize", "mxfp8", "")
+	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+
+	err := CreateHandler(cmd, []string{"test-model"})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--draft-quantize requires --experimental") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want draft-quantize requires experimental", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateHandlerDraftRequiresExperimental(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	modelfile := filepath.Join(dir, "Modelfile")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(modelfile, []byte("FROM base\nDRAFT ./assistant\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("experimental", false, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("draft-quantize", "", "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("file", modelfile, "")
+	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+
+	err := CreateHandler(cmd, []string{"test-model"})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "DRAFT requires --experimental") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want DRAFT requires --experimental", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveExperimentalLocalModelDir(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	modelfile := filepath.Join(dir, "Modelfile")
+	modelDir := filepath.Join(dir, "model")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(modelDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(modelDir, "config.json"), []byte(`{}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(modelDir, "model.safetensors"), []byte("dummy"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if got := resolveExperimentalLocalModelDir("gemma4", modelfile); got != "gemma4" {
+		t.Fatalf("resolveExperimentalLocalModelDir(model name) = %q, want gemma4", got)
+	}
+	if got := resolveExperimentalLocalModelDir("./model", modelfile); got != modelDir {
+		t.Fatalf("resolveExperimentalLocalModelDir(local dir) = %q, want %q", got, modelDir)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveExperimentalDraftDir(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	modelfile := filepath.Join(dir, "Modelfile")
+	draftDir := filepath.Join(dir, "assistant")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(draftDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(draftDir, "config.json"), []byte(`{}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(draftDir, "model.safetensors"), []byte("dummy"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := resolveExperimentalDraftDir("./assistant", modelfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != draftDir {
+		t.Fatalf("resolveExperimentalDraftDir(local dir) = %q, want %q", got, draftDir)
+	}
+
+	_, err = resolveExperimentalDraftDir("assistant-model", modelfile)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "DRAFT model references are not supported with --experimental yet") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want unsupported draft model reference", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNewCreateRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -1212,6 +1642,20 @@ func TestNewCreateRequest(t *testing.T) {
 				Model: "newmodel",
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			"explicit cloud model preserves source when parent lacks it",
+			"newmodel",
+			runOptions{
+				Model:       "qwen3.5:cloud",
+				ParentModel: "qwen3.5",
+				Messages:    []api.Message{},
+				WordWrap:    true,
+			},
+			&api.CreateRequest{
+				From:  "qwen3.5:cloud",
+				Model: "newmodel",
+			},
+		},
 		{
 			"parent model as filepath test",
 			"newmodel",
@@ -1293,6 +1737,24 @@ func TestNewCreateRequest(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			"loaded messages are preserved when saving",
+			"newmodel",
+			runOptions{
+				Model:          "mymodel",
+				ParentModel:    "parentmodel",
+				LoadedMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "assistant", Content: "loaded"}},
+				Messages:       []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "new"}},
+			},
+			&api.CreateRequest{
+				From:  "parentmodel",
+				Model: "newmodel",
+				Messages: []api.Message{
+					{Role: "assistant", Content: "loaded"},
+					{Role: "user", Content: "new"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -1305,15 +1767,43 @@ func TestNewCreateRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestApplyShowResponseToRunOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	opts := runOptions{}
+	info := &api.ShowResponse{
+		Details: api.ModelDetails{
+			ParentModel: "parentmodel",
+		},
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "loaded"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	applyShowResponseToRunOptions(&opts, info)
+
+	if opts.ParentModel != "parentmodel" {
+		t.Fatalf("ParentModel = %q, want %q", opts.ParentModel, "parentmodel")
+	}
+
+	if !cmp.Equal(opts.LoadedMessages, info.Messages) {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadedMessages = %#v, want %#v", opts.LoadedMessages, info.Messages)
+	}
+
+	info.Messages[0].Content = "modified"
+	if opts.LoadedMessages[0].Content == "modified" {
+		t.Fatal("LoadedMessages should be copied independently from ShowResponse")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRunOptions_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 	// Setup test data
 	originalKeepAlive := &api.Duration{Duration: 5 * time.Minute}
 	originalThink := &api.ThinkValue{Value: "test reasoning"}
 
 	original := runOptions{
-		Model:       "test-model",
-		ParentModel: "parent-model",
-		Prompt:      "test prompt",
+		Model:          "test-model",
+		ParentModel:    "parent-model",
+		LoadedMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "assistant", Content: "loaded hello"}},
+		Prompt:         "test prompt",
 		Messages: []api.Message{
 			{Role: "user", Content: "hello"},
 			{Role: "assistant", Content: "hi there"},
@@ -1353,6 +1843,7 @@ func TestRunOptions_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{"Model", copied.Model, original.Model},
 		{"ParentModel", copied.ParentModel, original.ParentModel},
+		{"LoadedMessages", copied.LoadedMessages, original.LoadedMessages},
 		{"Prompt", copied.Prompt, original.Prompt},
 		{"WordWrap", copied.WordWrap, original.WordWrap},
 		{"Format", copied.Format, original.Format},
@@ -1457,13 +1948,18 @@ func TestRunOptions_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 func TestRunOptions_Copy_EmptySlicesAndMaps(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test with empty slices and maps
 	original := runOptions{
-		Messages: []api.Message{},
-		Images:   []api.ImageData{},
-		Options:  map[string]any{},
+		LoadedMessages: []api.Message{},
+		Messages:       []api.Message{},
+		Images:         []api.ImageData{},
+		Options:        map[string]any{},
 	}
 
 	copied := original.Copy()
 
+	if copied.LoadedMessages == nil {
+		t.Error("Empty LoadedMessages slice should remain empty, not nil")
+	}
+
 	if copied.Messages == nil {
 		t.Error("Empty Messages slice should remain empty, not nil")
 	}
@@ -1480,6 +1976,10 @@ func TestRunOptions_Copy_EmptySlicesAndMaps(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("Empty Messages slice should remain empty")
 	}
 
+	if len(copied.LoadedMessages) != 0 {
+		t.Error("Empty LoadedMessages slice should remain empty")
+	}
+
 	if len(copied.Images) != 0 {
 		t.Error("Empty Images slice should remain empty")
 	}
@@ -1557,7 +2057,7 @@ func TestShowInfoImageGen(t *testing.T) {
 			QuantizationLevel: "Q8",
 		},
 		Capabilities: []model.Capability{model.CapabilityImage},
-		Requires:     "0.14.0",
+		Requires:     "0.19.0",
 	}, false, &b)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -1567,7 +2067,7 @@ func TestShowInfoImageGen(t *testing.T) {
 		"    architecture    ZImagePipeline    \n" +
 		"    parameters      10.3B             \n" +
 		"    quantization    Q8                \n" +
-		"    requires        0.14.0            \n" +
+		"    requires        0.19.0            \n" +
 		"\n" +
 		"  Capabilities\n" +
 		"    image    \n" +
@@ -1625,16 +2125,20 @@ func TestRunOptions_Copy_Independence(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that modifications to original don't affect copy
 	originalThink := &api.ThinkValue{Value: "original"}
 	original := runOptions{
-		Model:    "original-model",
-		Messages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "original"}},
-		Options:  map[string]any{"key": "value"},
-		Think:    originalThink,
+		Model:          "original-model",
+		LoadedMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "assistant", Content: "loaded"}},
+		Messages:       []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "original"}},
+		Options:        map[string]any{"key": "value"},
+		Think:          originalThink,
 	}
 
 	copied := original.Copy()
 
 	// Modify original
 	original.Model = "modified-model"
+	if len(original.LoadedMessages) > 0 {
+		original.LoadedMessages[0].Content = "modified loaded"
+	}
 	if len(original.Messages) > 0 {
 		original.Messages[0].Content = "modified"
 	}
@@ -1648,6 +2152,10 @@ func TestRunOptions_Copy_Independence(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("Copy Model should not be affected by original modification")
 	}
 
+	if len(copied.LoadedMessages) > 0 && copied.LoadedMessages[0].Content == "modified loaded" {
+		t.Error("Copy LoadedMessages should not be affected by original modification")
+	}
+
 	if len(copied.Messages) > 0 && copied.Messages[0].Content == "modified" {
 		t.Error("Copy Messages should not be affected by original modification")
 	}
@@ -1663,31 +2171,81 @@ func TestRunOptions_Copy_Independence(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestLoadOrUnloadModel_CloudModelAuth(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		name          string
-		remoteHost    string
-		whoamiStatus  int
-		whoamiResp    any
-		expectedError string
+		name            string
+		model           string
+		showStatus      int
+		remoteHost      string
+		remoteModel     string
+		whoamiStatus    int
+		whoamiResp      any
+		expectWhoami    bool
+		expectedError   string
+		expectAuthError bool
 	}{
 		{
 			name:         "ollama.com cloud model - user signed in",
+			model:        "test-cloud-model",
 			remoteHost:   "https://ollama.com",
+			remoteModel:  "test-model",
 			whoamiStatus: http.StatusOK,
 			whoamiResp:   api.UserResponse{Name: "testuser"},
+			expectWhoami: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name:         "ollama.com cloud model - user not signed in",
+			model:        "test-cloud-model",
 			remoteHost:   "https://ollama.com",
+			remoteModel:  "test-model",
 			whoamiStatus: http.StatusUnauthorized,
 			whoamiResp: map[string]string{
 				"error":      "unauthorized",
 				"signin_url": "https://ollama.com/signin",
 			},
-			expectedError: "unauthorized",
+			expectWhoami:    true,
+			expectedError:   "unauthorized",
+			expectAuthError: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name:         "non-ollama.com remote - no auth check",
+			model:        "test-cloud-model",
 			remoteHost:   "https://other-remote.com",
+			remoteModel:  "test-model",
+			whoamiStatus: http.StatusUnauthorized, // should not be called
+			whoamiResp:   nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "explicit :cloud model - auth check without remote metadata",
+			model:        "kimi-k2.5:cloud",
+			remoteHost:   "",
+			remoteModel:  "",
+			whoamiStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			whoamiResp:   api.UserResponse{Name: "testuser"},
+			expectWhoami: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "explicit :cloud model without local stub returns not found by default",
+			model:           "minimax-m2.7:cloud",
+			showStatus:      http.StatusNotFound,
+			whoamiStatus:    http.StatusOK,
+			whoamiResp:      api.UserResponse{Name: "testuser"},
+			expectedError:   "not found",
+			expectWhoami:    false,
+			expectAuthError: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "explicit -cloud model - auth check without remote metadata",
+			model:        "kimi-k2.5:latest-cloud",
+			remoteHost:   "",
+			remoteModel:  "",
+			whoamiStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			whoamiResp:   api.UserResponse{Name: "testuser"},
+			expectWhoami: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "dash cloud-like name without explicit source does not require auth",
+			model:        "test-cloud-model",
+			remoteHost:   "",
+			remoteModel:  "",
 			whoamiStatus: http.StatusUnauthorized, // should not be called
 			whoamiResp:   nil,
 		},
@@ -1699,10 +2257,15 @@ func TestLoadOrUnloadModel_CloudModelAuth(t *testing.T) {
 			mockServer := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 				switch r.URL.Path {
 				case "/api/show":
+					if tt.showStatus != 0 && tt.showStatus != http.StatusOK {
+						w.WriteHeader(tt.showStatus)
+						_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{"error": "not found"})
+						return
+					}
 					w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 					if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.ShowResponse{
 						RemoteHost:  tt.remoteHost,
-						RemoteModel: "test-model",
+						RemoteModel: tt.remoteModel,
 					}); err != nil {
 						http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 					}
@@ -1715,6 +2278,8 @@ func TestLoadOrUnloadModel_CloudModelAuth(t *testing.T) {
 							http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 						}
 					}
+				case "/api/generate":
+					w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 				default:
 					http.NotFound(w, r)
 				}
@@ -1727,29 +2292,28 @@ func TestLoadOrUnloadModel_CloudModelAuth(t *testing.T) {
 			cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
 
 			opts := &runOptions{
-				Model:       "test-cloud-model",
+				Model:       tt.model,
 				ShowConnect: false,
 			}
 
 			err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, opts)
 
-			if strings.HasPrefix(tt.remoteHost, "https://ollama.com") {
-				if !whoamiCalled {
-					t.Error("expected whoami to be called for ollama.com cloud model")
-				}
-			} else {
-				if whoamiCalled {
-					t.Error("whoami should not be called for non-ollama.com remote")
-				}
+			if whoamiCalled != tt.expectWhoami {
+				t.Errorf("whoami called = %v, want %v", whoamiCalled, tt.expectWhoami)
 			}
 
 			if tt.expectedError != "" {
 				if err == nil {
 					t.Errorf("expected error containing %q, got nil", tt.expectedError)
 				} else {
-					var authErr api.AuthorizationError
-					if !errors.As(err, &authErr) {
-						t.Errorf("expected AuthorizationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+					if !tt.expectAuthError && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), strings.ToLower(tt.expectedError)) {
+						t.Errorf("expected error containing %q, got %v", tt.expectedError, err)
+					}
+					if tt.expectAuthError {
+						var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+						if !errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+							t.Errorf("expected AuthorizationError, got %T: %v", err, err)
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			} else {
@@ -1760,3 +2324,38 @@ func TestLoadOrUnloadModel_CloudModelAuth(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIsLocalhost(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		host     string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"default empty", "", true},
+		{"localhost no port", "localhost", true},
+		{"localhost with port", "localhost:11435", true},
+		{"127.0.0.1 no port", "127.0.0.1", true},
+		{"127.0.0.1 with port", "127.0.0.1:11434", true},
+		{"0.0.0.0 no port", "0.0.0.0", true},
+		{"0.0.0.0 with port", "0.0.0.0:11434", true},
+		{"::1 no port", "::1", true},
+		{"[::1] with port", "[::1]:11434", true},
+		{"loopback with scheme", "http://localhost:11434", true},
+		{"remote hostname", "example.com", false},
+		{"remote hostname with port", "example.com:11434", false},
+		{"remote IP", "192.168.1.1", false},
+		{"remote IP with port", "192.168.1.1:11434", false},
+		{"remote with scheme", "http://example.com:11434", false},
+		{"https remote", "https://example.com:443", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", tt.host)
+			got := isLocalhost()
+			if got != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("isLocalhost() with OLLAMA_HOST=%q = %v, want %v", tt.host, got, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

cmd/config/claude.go

@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
-)
-
-// Claude implements Runner and AliasConfigurer for Claude Code integration
-type Claude struct{}
-
-// Compile-time check that Claude implements AliasConfigurer
-var _ AliasConfigurer = (*Claude)(nil)
-
-func (c *Claude) String() string { return "Claude Code" }
-
-func (c *Claude) args(model string, extra []string) []string {
-	var args []string
-	if model != "" {
-		args = append(args, "--model", model)
-	}
-	args = append(args, extra...)
-	return args
-}
-
-func (c *Claude) findPath() (string, error) {
-	if p, err := exec.LookPath("claude"); err == nil {
-		return p, nil
-	}
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	name := "claude"
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		name = "claude.exe"
-	}
-	fallback := filepath.Join(home, ".claude", "local", name)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(fallback); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return fallback, nil
-}
-
-func (c *Claude) Run(model string, args []string) error {
-	claudePath, err := c.findPath()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("claude is not installed, install from https://code.claude.com/docs/en/quickstart")
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.Command(claudePath, c.args(model, args)...)
-	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-	env := append(os.Environ(),
-		"ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL="+envconfig.Host().String(),
-		"ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=",
-		"ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN=ollama",
-	)
-
-	env = append(env, c.modelEnvVars(model)...)
-
-	cmd.Env = env
-	return cmd.Run()
-}
-
-// modelEnvVars returns Claude Code env vars that route all model tiers through Ollama.
-func (c *Claude) modelEnvVars(model string) []string {
-	primary := model
-	fast := model
-	if cfg, err := loadIntegration("claude"); err == nil && cfg.Aliases != nil {
-		if p := cfg.Aliases["primary"]; p != "" {
-			primary = p
-		}
-		if f := cfg.Aliases["fast"]; f != "" {
-			fast = f
-		}
-	}
-	return []string{
-		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL=" + primary,
-		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL=" + primary,
-		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL=" + fast,
-		"CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL=" + primary,
-	}
-}
-
-// ConfigureAliases sets up model aliases for Claude Code.
-// model: the model to use (if empty, user will be prompted to select)
-// aliases: existing alias configuration to preserve/update
-// Cloud-only: subagent routing (fast model) is gated to cloud models only until
-// there is a better strategy for prompt caching on local models.
-func (c *Claude) ConfigureAliases(ctx context.Context, model string, existingAliases map[string]string, force bool) (map[string]string, bool, error) {
-	aliases := make(map[string]string)
-	for k, v := range existingAliases {
-		aliases[k] = v
-	}
-
-	if model != "" {
-		aliases["primary"] = model
-	}
-
-	if !force && aliases["primary"] != "" {
-		client, _ := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-		if isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["primary"]) {
-			if isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["fast"]) {
-				return aliases, false, nil
-			}
-		} else {
-			delete(aliases, "fast")
-			return aliases, false, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	items, existingModels, cloudModels, client, err := listModels(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\n%sModel Configuration%s\n\n", ansiBold, ansiReset)
-
-	if aliases["primary"] == "" || force {
-		primary, err := DefaultSingleSelector("Select model:", items, aliases["primary"])
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, false, err
-		}
-		if err := pullIfNeeded(ctx, client, existingModels, primary); err != nil {
-			return nil, false, err
-		}
-		if err := ensureAuth(ctx, client, cloudModels, []string{primary}); err != nil {
-			return nil, false, err
-		}
-		aliases["primary"] = primary
-	}
-
-	if isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["primary"]) {
-		if aliases["fast"] == "" || !isCloudModel(ctx, client, aliases["fast"]) {
-			aliases["fast"] = aliases["primary"]
-		}
-	} else {
-		delete(aliases, "fast")
-	}
-
-	return aliases, true, nil
-}
-
-// SetAliases syncs the configured aliases to the Ollama server using prefix matching.
-// Cloud-only: for local models (fast is empty), we delete any existing aliases to
-// prevent stale routing to a previous cloud model.
-func (c *Claude) SetAliases(ctx context.Context, aliases map[string]string) error {
-	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	prefixes := []string{"claude-sonnet-", "claude-haiku-"}
-
-	if aliases["fast"] == "" {
-		for _, prefix := range prefixes {
-			_ = client.DeleteAliasExperimental(ctx, &api.AliasDeleteRequest{Alias: prefix})
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	prefixAliases := map[string]string{
-		"claude-sonnet-": aliases["primary"],
-		"claude-haiku-":  aliases["fast"],
-	}
-
-	var errs []string
-	for prefix, target := range prefixAliases {
-		req := &api.AliasRequest{
-			Alias:          prefix,
-			Target:         target,
-			PrefixMatching: true,
-		}
-		if err := client.SetAliasExperimental(ctx, req); err != nil {
-			errs = append(errs, prefix)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(errs) > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set aliases: %v", errs)
-	}
-	return nil
-}

cmd/config/codex.go

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
-	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
-)
-
-// Codex implements Runner for Codex integration
-type Codex struct{}
-
-func (c *Codex) String() string { return "Codex" }
-
-func (c *Codex) args(model string, extra []string) []string {
-	args := []string{"--oss"}
-	if model != "" {
-		args = append(args, "-m", model)
-	}
-	args = append(args, extra...)
-	return args
-}
-
-func (c *Codex) Run(model string, args []string) error {
-	if err := checkCodexVersion(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.Command("codex", c.args(model, args)...)
-	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
-		"OPENAI_BASE_URL="+envconfig.Host().String()+"/v1/",
-		"OPENAI_API_KEY=ollama",
-	)
-	return cmd.Run()
-}
-
-func checkCodexVersion() error {
-	if _, err := exec.LookPath("codex"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("codex is not installed, install with: npm install -g @openai/codex")
-	}
-
-	out, err := exec.Command("codex", "--version").Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get codex version: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Parse output like "codex-cli 0.87.0"
-	fields := strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
-	if len(fields) < 2 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected codex version output: %s", string(out))
-	}
-
-	version := "v" + fields[len(fields)-1]
-	minVersion := "v0.81.0"
-
-	if semver.Compare(version, minVersion) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("codex version %s is too old, minimum required is %s, update with: npm update -g @openai/codex", fields[len(fields)-1], "0.81.0")
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

cmd/config/codex_test.go

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"slices"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestCodexArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	c := &Codex{}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name  string
-		model string
-		args  []string
-		want  []string
-	}{
-		{"with model", "llama3.2", nil, []string{"--oss", "-m", "llama3.2"}},
-		{"empty model", "", nil, []string{"--oss"}},
-		{"with model and profile", "qwen3-coder", []string{"-p", "myprofile"}, []string{"--oss", "-m", "qwen3-coder", "-p", "myprofile"}},
-		{"with sandbox flag", "llama3.2", []string{"--sandbox", "workspace-write"}, []string{"--oss", "-m", "llama3.2", "--sandbox", "workspace-write"}},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := c.args(tt.model, tt.args)
-			if !slices.Equal(got, tt.want) {
-				t.Errorf("args(%q, %v) = %v, want %v", tt.model, tt.args, got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

cmd/config/config.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 package config
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/internal/fileutil"
 )
 
 type integration struct {
@@ -20,6 +19,9 @@ type integration struct {
 	Onboarded bool              `json:"onboarded,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// IntegrationConfig is the persisted config for one integration.
+type IntegrationConfig = integration
+
 type config struct {
 	Integrations  map[string]*integration `json:"integrations"`
 	LastModel     string                  `json:"last_model,omitempty"`
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ func save(cfg *config) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return writeWithBackup(path, data)
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(path, data)
 }
 
 func SaveIntegration(appName string, models []string) error {
@@ -155,8 +157,8 @@ func SaveIntegration(appName string, models []string) error {
 	return save(cfg)
 }
 
-// integrationOnboarded marks an integration as onboarded in ollama's config.
-func integrationOnboarded(appName string) error {
+// MarkIntegrationOnboarded marks an integration as onboarded in Ollama's config.
+func MarkIntegrationOnboarded(appName string) error {
 	cfg, err := load()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ func integrationOnboarded(appName string) error {
 
 // IntegrationModel returns the first configured model for an integration, or empty string if not configured.
 func IntegrationModel(appName string) string {
-	integrationConfig, err := loadIntegration(appName)
+	integrationConfig, err := LoadIntegration(appName)
 	if err != nil || len(integrationConfig.Models) == 0 {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -183,7 +185,7 @@ func IntegrationModel(appName string) string {
 
 // IntegrationModels returns all configured models for an integration, or nil.
 func IntegrationModels(appName string) []string {
-	integrationConfig, err := loadIntegration(appName)
+	integrationConfig, err := LoadIntegration(appName)
 	if err != nil || len(integrationConfig.Models) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -228,28 +230,8 @@ func SetLastSelection(selection string) error {
 	return save(cfg)
 }
 
-// ModelExists checks if a model exists on the Ollama server.
-func ModelExists(ctx context.Context, name string) bool {
-	if name == "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	models, err := client.List(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, m := range models.Models {
-		if m.Name == name || strings.HasPrefix(m.Name, name+":") {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func loadIntegration(appName string) (*integration, error) {
+// LoadIntegration returns the saved config for one integration.
+func LoadIntegration(appName string) (*integration, error) {
 	cfg, err := load()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -263,7 +245,8 @@ func loadIntegration(appName string) (*integration, error) {
 	return integrationConfig, nil
 }
 
-func saveAliases(appName string, aliases map[string]string) error {
+// SaveAliases replaces the saved aliases for one integration.
+func SaveAliases(appName string, aliases map[string]string) error {
 	if appName == "" {
 		return errors.New("app name cannot be empty")
 	}

cmd/config/config_cloud_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package config
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -45,12 +44,12 @@ func TestSaveAliases_ReplacesNotMerges(t *testing.T) {
 		"primary": "cloud-model",
 		"fast":    "cloud-model",
 	}
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", initial); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", initial); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save initial aliases: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Verify both are saved
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -63,12 +62,12 @@ func TestSaveAliases_ReplacesNotMerges(t *testing.T) {
 		"primary": "local-model",
 		// fast intentionally missing
 	}
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", updated); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", updated); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save updated aliases: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Verify fast is GONE (not merged/preserved)
-	loaded, err = loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err = LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load after update: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -91,12 +90,12 @@ func TestSaveAliases_PreservesModels(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Then update aliases
 	aliases := map[string]string{"primary": "new-model"}
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save aliases: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Verify models are preserved
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -111,16 +110,16 @@ func TestSaveAliases_EmptyMap(t *testing.T) {
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 	// Save with aliases
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model", "fast": "model"}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model", "fast": "model"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Save empty map
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save empty: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -135,16 +134,16 @@ func TestSaveAliases_NilMap(t *testing.T) {
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 	// Save with aliases first
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Save nil map - should clear aliases
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", nil); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save nil: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ func TestSaveAliases_NilMap(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestSaveAliases_EmptyAppName returns error
 func TestSaveAliases_EmptyAppName(t *testing.T) {
-	err := saveAliases("", map[string]string{"primary": "model"})
+	err := SaveAliases("", map[string]string{"primary": "model"})
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for empty app name")
 	}
@@ -165,12 +164,12 @@ func TestSaveAliases_CaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
-	if err := saveAliases("Claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model1"}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("Claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model1"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Load with different case
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -179,11 +178,11 @@ func TestSaveAliases_CaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Update with different case
-	if err := saveAliases("CLAUDE", map[string]string{"primary": "model2"}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("CLAUDE", map[string]string{"primary": "model2"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to update: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	loaded, err = loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err = LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load after update: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -198,11 +197,11 @@ func TestSaveAliases_CreatesIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 	// Save aliases for non-existent integration
-	if err := saveAliases("newintegration", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("newintegration", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("newintegration")
+	loaded, err := LoadIntegration("newintegration")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -371,12 +370,12 @@ func TestAtomicUpdate_ServerSucceedsConfigSaved(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("server should succeed")
 	}
 
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("saveAliases failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Verify it was actually saved
-	loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+	loaded, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -408,7 +407,7 @@ func TestConfigFile_PreservesUnknownFields(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(initialConfig), 0o644)
 
 	// Update aliases
-	if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model2"}); err != nil {
+	if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model2"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to save: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -440,11 +439,6 @@ func containsHelper(s, substr string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func TestClaudeImplementsAliasConfigurer(t *testing.T) {
-	c := &Claude{}
-	var _ AliasConfigurer = c // Compile-time check
-}
-
 func TestModelNameEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name  string
@@ -464,11 +458,11 @@ func TestModelNameEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
 			setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 			aliases := map[string]string{"primary": tc.model}
-			if err := saveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
+			if err := SaveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to save model %q: %v", tc.model, err)
 			}
 
-			loaded, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+			loaded, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to load: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -485,7 +479,7 @@ func TestSwitchingScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 		// Initial cloud config
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
 			"primary": "cloud-model",
 			"fast":    "cloud-model",
 		}); err != nil {
@@ -493,13 +487,13 @@ func TestSwitchingScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		// Switch to local (no fast)
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
 			"primary": "local-model",
 		}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
+		loaded, _ := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if loaded.Aliases["fast"] != "" {
 			t.Errorf("fast should be removed, got %q", loaded.Aliases["fast"])
 		}
@@ -513,21 +507,21 @@ func TestSwitchingScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 		// Initial local config
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
 			"primary": "local-model",
 		}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		// Switch to cloud (with fast)
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
 			"primary": "cloud-model",
 			"fast":    "cloud-model",
 		}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
+		loaded, _ := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if loaded.Aliases["fast"] != "cloud-model" {
 			t.Errorf("fast should be cloud-model, got %q", loaded.Aliases["fast"])
 		}
@@ -538,7 +532,7 @@ func TestSwitchingScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 		// Initial cloud config
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
 			"primary": "cloud-model-1",
 			"fast":    "cloud-model-1",
 		}); err != nil {
@@ -546,14 +540,14 @@ func TestSwitchingScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		// Switch to different cloud
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
 			"primary": "cloud-model-2",
 			"fast":    "cloud-model-2",
 		}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
+		loaded, _ := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != "cloud-model-2" {
 			t.Errorf("primary should be cloud-model-2, got %q", loaded.Aliases["primary"])
 		}
@@ -563,43 +557,13 @@ func TestSwitchingScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func TestToolCapabilityFiltering(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("all models checked for tool capability", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Both cloud and local models are checked for tool capability via Show API
-		// Only models with "tools" in capabilities are included
-		m := modelInfo{Name: "tool-model", Remote: false, ToolCapable: true}
-		if !m.ToolCapable {
-			t.Error("tool capable model should be marked as such")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("modelInfo includes ToolCapable field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := modelInfo{Name: "test", Remote: true, ToolCapable: true}
-		if !m.ToolCapable {
-			t.Error("ToolCapable field should be accessible")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestIsCloudModel_RequiresClient(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("nil client always returns false", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// isCloudModel now only uses Show API, no suffix detection
-		if isCloudModel(context.Background(), nil, "model:cloud") {
-			t.Error("nil client should return false regardless of suffix")
-		}
-		if isCloudModel(context.Background(), nil, "local-model") {
-			t.Error("nil client should return false")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
 func TestModelsAndAliasesMustStayInSync(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("saveAliases followed by saveIntegration keeps them in sync", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
 		// Save aliases with one model
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model-a"}); err != nil {
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model-a"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -608,7 +572,7 @@ func TestModelsAndAliasesMustStayInSync(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
+		loaded, _ := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if loaded.Aliases["primary"] != loaded.Models[0] {
 			t.Errorf("aliases.primary (%q) != models[0] (%q)", loaded.Aliases["primary"], loaded.Models[0])
 		}
@@ -622,11 +586,11 @@ func TestModelsAndAliasesMustStayInSync(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := SaveIntegration("claude", []string{"old-model"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "new-model"}); err != nil {
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "new-model"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
+		loaded, _ := LoadIntegration("claude")
 
 		// They should be different (this is the bug state)
 		if loaded.Models[0] == loaded.Aliases["primary"] {
@@ -638,7 +602,7 @@ func TestModelsAndAliasesMustStayInSync(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		loaded, _ = loadIntegration("claude")
+		loaded, _ = LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if loaded.Models[0] != loaded.Aliases["primary"] {
 			t.Errorf("after fix: models[0] (%q) should equal aliases.primary (%q)",
 				loaded.Models[0], loaded.Aliases["primary"])
@@ -653,20 +617,20 @@ func TestModelsAndAliasesMustStayInSync(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := SaveIntegration("claude", []string{"initial-model"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "initial-model"}); err != nil {
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "initial-model"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		// Update aliases AND models together
 		newAliases := map[string]string{"primary": "updated-model"}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", newAliases); err != nil {
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", newAliases); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		if err := SaveIntegration("claude", []string{newAliases["primary"]}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		loaded, _ := loadIntegration("claude")
+		loaded, _ := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if loaded.Models[0] != "updated-model" {
 			t.Errorf("models[0] should be updated-model, got %q", loaded.Models[0])
 		}

cmd/config/config_test.go

@@ -10,17 +10,10 @@ import (
 // setTestHome sets both HOME (Unix) and USERPROFILE (Windows) for cross-platform tests
 func setTestHome(t *testing.T, dir string) {
 	t.Setenv("HOME", dir)
+	t.Setenv("TMPDIR", dir)
 	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", dir)
 }
 
-// editorPaths is a test helper that safely calls Paths if the runner implements Editor
-func editorPaths(r Runner) []string {
-	if editor, ok := r.(Editor); ok {
-		return editor.Paths()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
@@ -31,7 +24,7 @@ func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		config, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+		config, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -55,11 +48,11 @@ func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			"primary": "llama3.2:70b",
 			"fast":    "llama3.2:8b",
 		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", aliases); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		config, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+		config, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -77,14 +70,14 @@ func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := SaveIntegration("claude", []string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if err := saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model-a", "fast": "model-small"}); err != nil {
+		if err := SaveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "model-a", "fast": "model-small"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		if err := SaveIntegration("claude", []string{"model-b"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		config, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+		config, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -96,7 +89,7 @@ func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("defaultModel returns first model", func(t *testing.T) {
 		SaveIntegration("codex", []string{"model-a", "model-b"})
 
-		config, _ := loadIntegration("codex")
+		config, _ := LoadIntegration("codex")
 		defaultModel := ""
 		if len(config.Models) > 0 {
 			defaultModel = config.Models[0]
@@ -120,7 +113,7 @@ func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("app name is case-insensitive", func(t *testing.T) {
 		SaveIntegration("Claude", []string{"model-x"})
 
-		config, err := loadIntegration("claude")
+		config, err := LoadIntegration("claude")
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -137,8 +130,8 @@ func TestIntegrationConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		SaveIntegration("app1", []string{"model-1"})
 		SaveIntegration("app2", []string{"model-2"})
 
-		config1, _ := loadIntegration("app1")
-		config2, _ := loadIntegration("app2")
+		config1, _ := LoadIntegration("app1")
+		config2, _ := LoadIntegration("app2")
 
 		defaultModel1 := ""
 		if len(config1.Models) > 0 {
@@ -185,64 +178,6 @@ func TestListIntegrations(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func TestEditorPaths(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	t.Run("returns empty for claude (no Editor)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		r := integrations["claude"]
-		paths := editorPaths(r)
-		if len(paths) != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("expected no paths for claude, got %v", paths)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns empty for codex (no Editor)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		r := integrations["codex"]
-		paths := editorPaths(r)
-		if len(paths) != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("expected no paths for codex, got %v", paths)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns empty for droid when no config exists", func(t *testing.T) {
-		r := integrations["droid"]
-		paths := editorPaths(r)
-		if len(paths) != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("expected no paths, got %v", paths)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns path for droid when config exists", func(t *testing.T) {
-		settingsDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
-		settingsDir = filepath.Join(settingsDir, ".factory")
-		os.MkdirAll(settingsDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(settingsDir, "settings.json"), []byte(`{}`), 0o644)
-
-		r := integrations["droid"]
-		paths := editorPaths(r)
-		if len(paths) != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("expected 1 path, got %d", len(paths))
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns paths for opencode when configs exist", func(t *testing.T) {
-		home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
-		configDir := filepath.Join(home, ".config", "opencode")
-		stateDir := filepath.Join(home, ".local", "state", "opencode")
-		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-		os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json"), []byte(`{}`), 0o644)
-		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(stateDir, "model.json"), []byte(`{}`), 0o644)
-
-		r := integrations["opencode"]
-		paths := editorPaths(r)
-		if len(paths) != 2 {
-			t.Errorf("expected 2 paths, got %d: %v", len(paths), paths)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
 func TestLoadIntegration_CorruptedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
@@ -251,7 +186,7 @@ func TestLoadIntegration_CorruptedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755)
 	os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "config.json"), []byte(`{corrupted json`), 0o644)
 
-	_, err := loadIntegration("test")
+	_, err := LoadIntegration("test")
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for nonexistent integration in corrupted file")
 	}
@@ -265,7 +200,7 @@ func TestSaveIntegration_NilModels(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("saveIntegration with nil models failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	config, err := loadIntegration("test")
+	config, err := LoadIntegration("test")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("loadIntegration failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -294,7 +229,7 @@ func TestLoadIntegration_NonexistentIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
-	_, err := loadIntegration("nonexistent")
+	_, err := LoadIntegration("nonexistent")
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error for nonexistent integration, got nil")
 	}

cmd/config/files.go

@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func readJSONFile(path string) (map[string]any, error) {
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	var result map[string]any
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return result, nil
-}
-
-func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
-	info, err := os.Stat(src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return os.WriteFile(dst, data, info.Mode().Perm())
-}
-
-func backupDir() string {
-	return filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "ollama-backups")
-}
-
-func backupToTmp(srcPath string) (string, error) {
-	dir := backupDir()
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	backupPath := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d", filepath.Base(srcPath), time.Now().Unix()))
-	if err := copyFile(srcPath, backupPath); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return backupPath, nil
-}
-
-// writeWithBackup writes data to path via temp file + rename, backing up any existing file first
-func writeWithBackup(path string, data []byte) error {
-	var backupPath string
-	// backup must be created before any writes to the target file
-	if existingContent, err := os.ReadFile(path); err == nil {
-		if !bytes.Equal(existingContent, data) {
-			backupPath, err = backupToTmp(path)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("backup failed: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("read existing file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
-	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, ".tmp-*")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create temp failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	tmpPath := tmp.Name()
-
-	if _, err := tmp.Write(data); err != nil {
-		_ = tmp.Close()
-		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
-		return fmt.Errorf("write failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := tmp.Sync(); err != nil {
-		_ = tmp.Close()
-		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
-		return fmt.Errorf("sync failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
-		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
-		return fmt.Errorf("close failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, path); err != nil {
-		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
-		if backupPath != "" {
-			_ = copyFile(backupPath, path)
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("rename failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

cmd/config/opencode.go

@@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"maps"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
-)
-
-// OpenCode implements Runner and Editor for OpenCode integration
-type OpenCode struct{}
-
-// cloudModelLimit holds context and output token limits for a cloud model.
-type cloudModelLimit struct {
-	Context int
-	Output  int
-}
-
-// lookupCloudModelLimit returns the token limits for a cloud model.
-// It tries the exact name first, then strips the ":cloud" suffix.
-func lookupCloudModelLimit(name string) (cloudModelLimit, bool) {
-	if l, ok := cloudModelLimits[name]; ok {
-		return l, true
-	}
-	base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, ":cloud")
-	if base != name {
-		if l, ok := cloudModelLimits[base]; ok {
-			return l, true
-		}
-	}
-	return cloudModelLimit{}, false
-}
-
-func (o *OpenCode) String() string { return "OpenCode" }
-
-func (o *OpenCode) Run(model string, args []string) error {
-	if _, err := exec.LookPath("opencode"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("opencode is not installed, install from https://opencode.ai")
-	}
-
-	// Call Edit() to ensure config is up-to-date before launch
-	models := []string{model}
-	if config, err := loadIntegration("opencode"); err == nil && len(config.Models) > 0 {
-		models = config.Models
-	}
-	var err error
-	models, err = resolveEditorModels("opencode", models, func() ([]string, error) {
-		return selectModels(context.Background(), "opencode", "")
-	})
-	if errors.Is(err, errCancelled) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := o.Edit(models); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("setup failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.Command("opencode", args...)
-	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	return cmd.Run()
-}
-
-func (o *OpenCode) Paths() []string {
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var paths []string
-	p := filepath.Join(home, ".config", "opencode", "opencode.json")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil {
-		paths = append(paths, p)
-	}
-	sp := filepath.Join(home, ".local", "state", "opencode", "model.json")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(sp); err == nil {
-		paths = append(paths, sp)
-	}
-	return paths
-}
-
-func (o *OpenCode) Edit(modelList []string) error {
-	if len(modelList) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".config", "opencode", "opencode.json")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	config := make(map[string]any)
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath); err == nil {
-		_ = json.Unmarshal(data, &config) // Ignore parse errors; treat missing/corrupt files as empty
-	}
-
-	config["$schema"] = "https://opencode.ai/config.json"
-
-	provider, ok := config["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		provider = make(map[string]any)
-	}
-
-	ollama, ok := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		ollama = map[string]any{
-			"npm":  "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-			"name": "Ollama (local)",
-			"options": map[string]any{
-				"baseURL": envconfig.Host().String() + "/v1",
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	models, ok := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		models = make(map[string]any)
-	}
-
-	selectedSet := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, m := range modelList {
-		selectedSet[m] = true
-	}
-
-	for name, cfg := range models {
-		if cfgMap, ok := cfg.(map[string]any); ok {
-			if isOllamaModel(cfgMap) && !selectedSet[name] {
-				delete(models, name)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	client, _ := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
-
-	for _, model := range modelList {
-		if existing, ok := models[model].(map[string]any); ok {
-			// migrate existing models without _launch marker
-			if isOllamaModel(existing) {
-				existing["_launch"] = true
-				if name, ok := existing["name"].(string); ok {
-					existing["name"] = strings.TrimSuffix(name, " [Ollama]")
-				}
-			}
-			if isCloudModel(context.Background(), client, model) {
-				if l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(model); ok {
-					existing["limit"] = map[string]any{
-						"context": l.Context,
-						"output":  l.Output,
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		entry := map[string]any{
-			"name":    model,
-			"_launch": true,
-		}
-		if isCloudModel(context.Background(), client, model) {
-			if l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(model); ok {
-				entry["limit"] = map[string]any{
-					"context": l.Context,
-					"output":  l.Output,
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		models[model] = entry
-	}
-
-	ollama["models"] = models
-	provider["ollama"] = ollama
-	config["provider"] = provider
-
-	configData, err := json.MarshalIndent(config, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := writeWithBackup(configPath, configData); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	statePath := filepath.Join(home, ".local", "state", "opencode", "model.json")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(statePath), 0o755); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	state := map[string]any{
-		"recent":   []any{},
-		"favorite": []any{},
-		"variant":  map[string]any{},
-	}
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile(statePath); err == nil {
-		_ = json.Unmarshal(data, &state) // Ignore parse errors; use defaults
-	}
-
-	recent, _ := state["recent"].([]any)
-
-	modelSet := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, m := range modelList {
-		modelSet[m] = true
-	}
-
-	// Filter out existing Ollama models we're about to re-add
-	newRecent := slices.DeleteFunc(slices.Clone(recent), func(entry any) bool {
-		e, ok := entry.(map[string]any)
-		if !ok || e["providerID"] != "ollama" {
-			return false
-		}
-		modelID, _ := e["modelID"].(string)
-		return modelSet[modelID]
-	})
-
-	// Prepend models in reverse order so first model ends up first
-	for _, model := range slices.Backward(modelList) {
-		newRecent = slices.Insert(newRecent, 0, any(map[string]any{
-			"providerID": "ollama",
-			"modelID":    model,
-		}))
-	}
-
-	const maxRecentModels = 10
-	newRecent = newRecent[:min(len(newRecent), maxRecentModels)]
-
-	state["recent"] = newRecent
-
-	stateData, err := json.MarshalIndent(state, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return writeWithBackup(statePath, stateData)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenCode) Models() []string {
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	config, err := readJSONFile(filepath.Join(home, ".config", "opencode", "opencode.json"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	provider, _ := config["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	ollama, _ := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	models, _ := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-	if len(models) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	keys := slices.Collect(maps.Keys(models))
-	slices.Sort(keys)
-	return keys
-}
-
-// isOllamaModel reports whether a model config entry is managed by us
-func isOllamaModel(cfg map[string]any) bool {
-	if v, ok := cfg["_launch"].(bool); ok && v {
-		return true
-	}
-	// previously used [Ollama] as a suffix for the model managed by ollama launch
-	if name, ok := cfg["name"].(string); ok {
-		return strings.HasSuffix(name, "[Ollama]")
-	}
-	return false
-}

cmd/config/opencode_test.go

@@ -1,668 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestOpenCodeIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-
-	t.Run("String", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if got := o.String(); got != "OpenCode" {
-			t.Errorf("String() = %q, want %q", got, "OpenCode")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("implements Runner", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var _ Runner = o
-	})
-
-	t.Run("implements Editor", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var _ Editor = o
-	})
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-	stateDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".local", "state", "opencode")
-	statePath := filepath.Join(stateDir, "model.json")
-
-	cleanup := func() {
-		os.RemoveAll(configDir)
-		os.RemoveAll(stateDir)
-	}
-
-	t.Run("fresh install", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-		assertOpenCodeRecentModel(t, statePath, 0, "ollama", "llama3.2")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("preserve other providers", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"provider":{"anthropic":{"apiKey":"xxx"}}}`), 0o644)
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		var cfg map[string]any
-		json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-		provider := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-		if provider["anthropic"] == nil {
-			t.Error("anthropic provider was removed")
-		}
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("preserve other models", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"provider":{"ollama":{"models":{"mistral":{"name":"Mistral"}}}}}`), 0o644)
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "mistral")
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("update existing model", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-		o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("preserve top-level keys", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"theme":"dark","keybindings":{}}`), 0o644)
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		var cfg map[string]any
-		json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-		if cfg["theme"] != "dark" {
-			t.Error("theme was removed")
-		}
-		if cfg["keybindings"] == nil {
-			t.Error("keybindings was removed")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("model state - insert at index 0", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(`{"recent":[{"providerID":"anthropic","modelID":"claude"}],"favorite":[],"variant":{}}`), 0o644)
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		assertOpenCodeRecentModel(t, statePath, 0, "ollama", "llama3.2")
-		assertOpenCodeRecentModel(t, statePath, 1, "anthropic", "claude")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("model state - preserve favorites and variants", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(`{"recent":[],"favorite":[{"providerID":"x","modelID":"y"}],"variant":{"a":"b"}}`), 0o644)
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(statePath)
-		var state map[string]any
-		json.Unmarshal(data, &state)
-		if len(state["favorite"].([]any)) != 1 {
-			t.Error("favorite was modified")
-		}
-		if state["variant"].(map[string]any)["a"] != "b" {
-			t.Error("variant was modified")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("model state - deduplicate on re-add", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(`{"recent":[{"providerID":"ollama","modelID":"llama3.2"},{"providerID":"anthropic","modelID":"claude"}],"favorite":[],"variant":{}}`), 0o644)
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(statePath)
-		var state map[string]any
-		json.Unmarshal(data, &state)
-		recent := state["recent"].([]any)
-		if len(recent) != 2 {
-			t.Errorf("expected 2 recent entries, got %d", len(recent))
-		}
-		assertOpenCodeRecentModel(t, statePath, 0, "ollama", "llama3.2")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("remove model", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		// First add two models
-		o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2", "mistral"})
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "mistral")
-
-		// Then remove one by only selecting the other
-		o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-		assertOpenCodeModelNotExists(t, configPath, "mistral")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("preserve user customizations on managed models", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		// Add custom fields to the model entry (simulating user edits)
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		var cfg map[string]any
-		json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-		provider := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-		ollama := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-		models := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-		entry := models["llama3.2"].(map[string]any)
-		entry["_myPref"] = "custom-value"
-		entry["_myNum"] = 42
-		configData, _ := json.MarshalIndent(cfg, "", "  ")
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, configData, 0o644)
-
-		// Re-run Edit — should preserve custom fields
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		data, _ = os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-		provider = cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-		ollama = provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-		models = ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-		entry = models["llama3.2"].(map[string]any)
-
-		if entry["_myPref"] != "custom-value" {
-			t.Errorf("_myPref was lost: got %v", entry["_myPref"])
-		}
-		if entry["_myNum"] != float64(42) {
-			t.Errorf("_myNum was lost: got %v", entry["_myNum"])
-		}
-		if v, ok := entry["_launch"].(bool); !ok || !v {
-			t.Errorf("_launch marker missing or false: got %v", entry["_launch"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("migrate legacy [Ollama] suffix entries", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		// Write a config with a legacy entry (has [Ollama] suffix but no _launch marker)
-		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"provider":{"ollama":{"models":{"llama3.2":{"name":"llama3.2 [Ollama]"}}}}}`), 0o644)
-
-		if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		var cfg map[string]any
-		json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-		provider := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-		ollama := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-		models := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-		entry := models["llama3.2"].(map[string]any)
-
-		// _launch marker should be added
-		if v, ok := entry["_launch"].(bool); !ok || !v {
-			t.Errorf("_launch marker not added during migration: got %v", entry["_launch"])
-		}
-		// [Ollama] suffix should be stripped
-		if name, ok := entry["name"].(string); !ok || name != "llama3.2" {
-			t.Errorf("name suffix not stripped: got %q", entry["name"])
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("remove model preserves non-ollama models", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cleanup()
-		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-		// Add a non-Ollama model manually
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"provider":{"ollama":{"models":{"external":{"name":"External Model"}}}}}`), 0o644)
-
-		o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-		assertOpenCodeModelExists(t, configPath, "external") // Should be preserved
-	})
-}
-
-func assertOpenCodeModelExists(t *testing.T, path, model string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	var cfg map[string]any
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	provider, ok := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("provider not found")
-	}
-	ollama, ok := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("ollama provider not found")
-	}
-	models, ok := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("models not found")
-	}
-	if models[model] == nil {
-		t.Errorf("model %s not found", model)
-	}
-}
-
-func assertOpenCodeModelNotExists(t *testing.T, path, model string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	var cfg map[string]any
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	provider, ok := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		return // No provider means no model
-	}
-	ollama, ok := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		return // No ollama means no model
-	}
-	models, ok := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		return // No models means no model
-	}
-	if models[model] != nil {
-		t.Errorf("model %s should not exist but was found", model)
-	}
-}
-
-func assertOpenCodeRecentModel(t *testing.T, path string, index int, providerID, modelID string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	var state map[string]any
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &state); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	recent, ok := state["recent"].([]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("recent not found")
-	}
-	if index >= len(recent) {
-		t.Fatalf("index %d out of range (len=%d)", index, len(recent))
-	}
-	entry, ok := recent[index].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("entry is not a map")
-	}
-	if entry["providerID"] != providerID {
-		t.Errorf("expected providerID %s, got %s", providerID, entry["providerID"])
-	}
-	if entry["modelID"] != modelID {
-		t.Errorf("expected modelID %s, got %s", modelID, entry["modelID"])
-	}
-}
-
-// Edge case tests for opencode.go
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_CorruptedConfigJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-
-	os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{corrupted json content`), 0o644)
-
-	// Should not panic - corrupted JSON should be treated as empty
-	err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Edit failed with corrupted config: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify valid JSON was created
-	data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-	var cfg map[string]any
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("resulting config is not valid JSON: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_CorruptedStateJSON(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	stateDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".local", "state", "opencode")
-	statePath := filepath.Join(stateDir, "model.json")
-
-	os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(`{corrupted state`), 0o644)
-
-	err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Edit failed with corrupted state: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify valid state was created
-	data, _ := os.ReadFile(statePath)
-	var state map[string]any
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &state); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("resulting state is not valid JSON: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_WrongTypeProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-
-	os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"provider": "not a map"}`), 0o644)
-
-	err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Edit with wrong type provider failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify provider is now correct type
-	data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-	var cfg map[string]any
-	json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-
-	provider, ok := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("provider should be map after setup, got %T", cfg["provider"])
-	}
-	if provider["ollama"] == nil {
-		t.Error("ollama provider should be created")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_WrongTypeRecent(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	stateDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".local", "state", "opencode")
-	statePath := filepath.Join(stateDir, "model.json")
-
-	os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(`{"recent": "not an array", "favorite": [], "variant": {}}`), 0o644)
-
-	err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Edit with wrong type recent failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// The function should handle this gracefully
-	data, _ := os.ReadFile(statePath)
-	var state map[string]any
-	json.Unmarshal(data, &state)
-
-	// recent should be properly set after setup
-	recent, ok := state["recent"].([]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Logf("Note: recent type after setup is %T (documenting behavior)", state["recent"])
-	} else if len(recent) == 0 {
-		t.Logf("Note: recent is empty (documenting behavior)")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_EmptyModels(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-
-	os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-	originalContent := `{"provider":{"ollama":{"models":{"existing":{}}}}}`
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(originalContent), 0o644)
-
-	// Empty models should be no-op
-	err := o.Edit([]string{})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Edit with empty models failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Original content should be preserved (file not modified)
-	data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-	if string(data) != originalContent {
-		t.Errorf("empty models should not modify file, but content changed")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_SpecialCharsInModelName(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	// Model name with special characters (though unusual)
-	specialModel := `model-with-"quotes"`
-
-	err := o.Edit([]string{specialModel})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Edit with special chars failed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Verify it was stored correctly
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-	data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-
-	var cfg map[string]any
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("resulting config is invalid JSON: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Model should be accessible
-	provider, _ := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	ollama, _ := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	models, _ := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-
-	if models[specialModel] == nil {
-		t.Errorf("model with special chars not found in config")
-	}
-}
-
-func readOpenCodeModel(t *testing.T, configPath, model string) map[string]any {
-	t.Helper()
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	var cfg map[string]any
-	json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
-	provider := cfg["provider"].(map[string]any)
-	ollama := provider["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	models := ollama["models"].(map[string]any)
-	entry, ok := models[model].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("model %s not found in config", model)
-	}
-	return entry
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_LocalModelNoLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode", "opencode.json")
-
-	if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	entry := readOpenCodeModel(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-	if entry["limit"] != nil {
-		t.Errorf("local model should not have limit set, got %v", entry["limit"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_PreservesUserLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-
-	// Set up a model with a user-configured limit
-	os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{
-		"provider": {
-			"ollama": {
-				"models": {
-					"llama3.2": {
-						"name": "llama3.2",
-						"_launch": true,
-						"limit": {"context": 8192, "output": 4096}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}`), 0o644)
-
-	// Re-edit should preserve the user's limit (not delete it)
-	if err := o.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	entry := readOpenCodeModel(t, configPath, "llama3.2")
-	limit, ok := entry["limit"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("user-configured limit was removed")
-	}
-	if limit["context"] != float64(8192) {
-		t.Errorf("context limit changed: got %v, want 8192", limit["context"])
-	}
-	if limit["output"] != float64(4096) {
-		t.Errorf("output limit changed: got %v, want 4096", limit["output"])
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeEdit_CloudModelLimitStructure(t *testing.T) {
-	// Verify that when a cloud model entry has limits set (as Edit would do),
-	// the structure matches what opencode expects and re-edit preserves them.
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".config", "opencode")
-	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "opencode.json")
-
-	expected := cloudModelLimits["glm-4.7"]
-
-	// Simulate a cloud model that already has the limit set by a previous Edit
-	os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
-	os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`{
-		"provider": {
-			"ollama": {
-				"models": {
-					"glm-4.7:cloud": {
-						"name": "glm-4.7:cloud",
-						"_launch": true,
-						"limit": {"context": %d, "output": %d}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}`, expected.Context, expected.Output)), 0o644)
-
-	// Re-edit should preserve the cloud model limit
-	if err := o.Edit([]string{"glm-4.7:cloud"}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	entry := readOpenCodeModel(t, configPath, "glm-4.7:cloud")
-	limit, ok := entry["limit"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("cloud model limit was removed on re-edit")
-	}
-	if limit["context"] != float64(expected.Context) {
-		t.Errorf("context = %v, want %d", limit["context"], expected.Context)
-	}
-	if limit["output"] != float64(expected.Output) {
-		t.Errorf("output = %v, want %d", limit["output"], expected.Output)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLookupCloudModelLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		wantOK      bool
-		wantContext int
-		wantOutput  int
-	}{
-		{"glm-4.7", true, 202_752, 131_072},
-		{"glm-4.7:cloud", true, 202_752, 131_072},
-		{"kimi-k2.5", true, 262_144, 262_144},
-		{"kimi-k2.5:cloud", true, 262_144, 262_144},
-		{"deepseek-v3.2", true, 163_840, 65_536},
-		{"deepseek-v3.2:cloud", true, 163_840, 65_536},
-		{"qwen3-coder:480b", true, 262_144, 65_536},
-		{"qwen3-coder-next:cloud", true, 262_144, 32_768},
-		{"llama3.2", false, 0, 0},
-		{"unknown-model:cloud", false, 0, 0},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(tt.name)
-			if ok != tt.wantOK {
-				t.Errorf("lookupCloudModelLimit(%q) ok = %v, want %v", tt.name, ok, tt.wantOK)
-			}
-			if ok {
-				if l.Context != tt.wantContext {
-					t.Errorf("context = %d, want %d", l.Context, tt.wantContext)
-				}
-				if l.Output != tt.wantOutput {
-					t.Errorf("output = %d, want %d", l.Output, tt.wantOutput)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestOpenCodeModels_NoConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	o := &OpenCode{}
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-	models := o.Models()
-	if len(models) > 0 {
-		t.Errorf("expected nil/empty for missing config, got %v", models)
-	}
-}

cmd/config/pi.go

@@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
-	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
-)
-
-// Pi implements Runner and Editor for Pi (Pi Coding Agent) integration
-type Pi struct{}
-
-func (p *Pi) String() string { return "Pi" }
-
-func (p *Pi) Run(model string, args []string) error {
-	if _, err := exec.LookPath("pi"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("pi is not installed, install with: npm install -g @mariozechner/pi-coding-agent")
-	}
-
-	// Call Edit() to ensure config is up-to-date before launch
-	models := []string{model}
-	if config, err := loadIntegration("pi"); err == nil && len(config.Models) > 0 {
-		models = config.Models
-	}
-	if err := p.Edit(models); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("setup failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.Command("pi", args...)
-	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
-	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	return cmd.Run()
-}
-
-func (p *Pi) Paths() []string {
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var paths []string
-	modelsPath := filepath.Join(home, ".pi", "agent", "models.json")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(modelsPath); err == nil {
-		paths = append(paths, modelsPath)
-	}
-	settingsPath := filepath.Join(home, ".pi", "agent", "settings.json")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(settingsPath); err == nil {
-		paths = append(paths, settingsPath)
-	}
-	return paths
-}
-
-func (p *Pi) Edit(models []string) error {
-	if len(models) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".pi", "agent", "models.json")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	config := make(map[string]any)
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath); err == nil {
-		_ = json.Unmarshal(data, &config)
-	}
-
-	providers, ok := config["providers"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		providers = make(map[string]any)
-	}
-
-	ollama, ok := providers["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	if !ok {
-		ollama = map[string]any{
-			"baseUrl": envconfig.Host().String() + "/v1",
-			"api":     "openai-completions",
-			"apiKey":  "ollama",
-		}
-	}
-
-	existingModels, ok := ollama["models"].([]any)
-	if !ok {
-		existingModels = make([]any, 0)
-	}
-
-	// Build set of selected models to track which need to be added
-	selectedSet := make(map[string]bool, len(models))
-	for _, m := range models {
-		selectedSet[m] = true
-	}
-
-	// Build new models list:
-	// 1. Keep user-managed models (no _launch marker) - untouched
-	// 2. Keep ollama-managed models (_launch marker) that are still selected
-	// 3. Add new ollama-managed models
-	var newModels []any
-	for _, m := range existingModels {
-		if modelObj, ok := m.(map[string]any); ok {
-			if id, ok := modelObj["id"].(string); ok {
-				// User-managed model (no _launch marker) - always preserve
-				if !isPiOllamaModel(modelObj) {
-					newModels = append(newModels, m)
-				} else if selectedSet[id] {
-					// Ollama-managed and still selected - keep it
-					newModels = append(newModels, m)
-					selectedSet[id] = false
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Add newly selected models that weren't already in the list
-	client := api.NewClient(envconfig.Host(), http.DefaultClient)
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	for _, model := range models {
-		if selectedSet[model] {
-			newModels = append(newModels, createConfig(ctx, client, model))
-		}
-	}
-
-	ollama["models"] = newModels
-	providers["ollama"] = ollama
-	config["providers"] = providers
-
-	configData, err := json.MarshalIndent(config, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := writeWithBackup(configPath, configData); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Update settings.json with default provider and model
-	settingsPath := filepath.Join(home, ".pi", "agent", "settings.json")
-	settings := make(map[string]any)
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile(settingsPath); err == nil {
-		_ = json.Unmarshal(data, &settings)
-	}
-
-	settings["defaultProvider"] = "ollama"
-	settings["defaultModel"] = models[0]
-
-	settingsData, err := json.MarshalIndent(settings, "", "  ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return writeWithBackup(settingsPath, settingsData)
-}
-
-func (p *Pi) Models() []string {
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".pi", "agent", "models.json")
-	config, err := readJSONFile(configPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	providers, _ := config["providers"].(map[string]any)
-	ollama, _ := providers["ollama"].(map[string]any)
-	models, _ := ollama["models"].([]any)
-
-	var result []string
-	for _, m := range models {
-		if modelObj, ok := m.(map[string]any); ok {
-			if id, ok := modelObj["id"].(string); ok {
-				result = append(result, id)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	slices.Sort(result)
-	return result
-}
-
-// isPiOllamaModel reports whether a model config entry is managed by ollama launch
-func isPiOllamaModel(cfg map[string]any) bool {
-	if v, ok := cfg["_launch"].(bool); ok && v {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// createConfig builds Pi model config with capability detection
-func createConfig(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelID string) map[string]any {
-	cfg := map[string]any{
-		"id":      modelID,
-		"_launch": true,
-	}
-
-	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelID})
-	if err != nil {
-		return cfg
-	}
-
-	// Set input types based on vision capability
-	if slices.Contains(resp.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision) {
-		cfg["input"] = []string{"text", "image"}
-	} else {
-		cfg["input"] = []string{"text"}
-	}
-
-	// Set reasoning based on thinking capability
-	if slices.Contains(resp.Capabilities, model.CapabilityThinking) {
-		cfg["reasoning"] = true
-	}
-
-	// Extract context window from ModelInfo
-	for key, val := range resp.ModelInfo {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(key, ".context_length") {
-			if ctxLen, ok := val.(float64); ok && ctxLen > 0 {
-				cfg["contextWindow"] = int(ctxLen)
-			}
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	return cfg
-}

cmd/config/selector.go

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"golang.org/x/term"
-)
-
-// ANSI escape sequences for terminal formatting.
-const (
-	ansiBold   = "\033[1m"
-	ansiReset  = "\033[0m"
-	ansiGray   = "\033[37m"
-	ansiGreen  = "\033[32m"
-	ansiYellow = "\033[33m"
-)
-
-// ErrCancelled is returned when the user cancels a selection.
-var ErrCancelled = errors.New("cancelled")
-
-// errCancelled is kept as an alias for backward compatibility within the package.
-var errCancelled = ErrCancelled
-
-// DefaultConfirmPrompt provides a TUI-based confirmation prompt.
-// When set, confirmPrompt delegates to it instead of using raw terminal I/O.
-var DefaultConfirmPrompt func(prompt string) (bool, error)
-
-func confirmPrompt(prompt string) (bool, error) {
-	if DefaultConfirmPrompt != nil {
-		return DefaultConfirmPrompt(prompt)
-	}
-
-	fd := int(os.Stdin.Fd())
-	oldState, err := term.MakeRaw(fd)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	defer term.Restore(fd, oldState)
-
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s (\033[1my\033[0m/n) ", prompt)
-
-	buf := make([]byte, 1)
-	for {
-		if _, err := os.Stdin.Read(buf); err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-
-		switch buf[0] {
-		case 'Y', 'y', 13:
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "yes\r\n")
-			return true, nil
-		case 'N', 'n', 27, 3:
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "no\r\n")
-			return false, nil
-		}
-	}
-}

cmd/config/selector_test.go

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestErrCancelled(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("NotNil", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if errCancelled == nil {
-			t.Error("errCancelled should not be nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		if errCancelled.Error() != "cancelled" {
-			t.Errorf("expected 'cancelled', got %q", errCancelled.Error())
-		}
-	})
-}

cmd/interactive.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/modelref"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/readline"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/errtypes"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Use \"\"\" to begin a multi-line message.")
 
 		if opts.MultiModal {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Use %s to include .jpg, .png, or .webp images.\n", filepath.FromSlash("/path/to/file"))
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Use %s to include .jpg, .png, .webp images, or .wav audio files.\n", filepath.FromSlash("/path/to/file"))
 		}
 
 		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "")
@@ -213,10 +214,17 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 			}
 			origOpts := opts.Copy()
 
+			client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+			if err != nil {
+				fmt.Println("error: couldn't connect to ollama server")
+				return err
+			}
+
 			opts.Model = args[1]
 			opts.Messages = []api.Message{}
+			opts.LoadedMessages = nil
 			fmt.Printf("Loading model '%s'\n", opts.Model)
-			opts.Think, err = inferThinkingOption(nil, &opts, thinkExplicitlySet)
+			info, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: opts.Model})
 			if err != nil {
 				if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
 					fmt.Printf("Couldn't find model '%s'\n", opts.Model)
@@ -225,6 +233,11 @@ func generateInteractive(cmd *cobra.Command, opts runOptions) error {
 				}
 				return err
 			}
+			applyShowResponseToRunOptions(&opts, info)
+			opts.Think, err = inferThinkingOption(&info.Capabilities, &opts, thinkExplicitlySet)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
 				if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
 					fmt.Printf("Couldn't find model '%s'\n", opts.Model)
@@ -540,6 +553,13 @@ func NewCreateRequest(name string, opts runOptions) *api.CreateRequest {
 		parentModel = ""
 	}
 
+	// Preserve explicit cloud intent for sessions started with `:cloud`.
+	// Cloud model metadata can return a source-less parent_model (for example
+	// "qwen3.5"), which would otherwise make `/save` create a local derivative.
+	if modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(opts.Model) && !modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(parentModel) {
+		parentModel = ""
+	}
+
 	req := &api.CreateRequest{
 		Model: name,
 		From:  cmp.Or(parentModel, opts.Model),
@@ -553,8 +573,10 @@ func NewCreateRequest(name string, opts runOptions) *api.CreateRequest {
 		req.Parameters = opts.Options
 	}
 
-	if len(opts.Messages) > 0 {
-		req.Messages = opts.Messages
+	messages := slices.Clone(opts.LoadedMessages)
+	messages = append(messages, opts.Messages...)
+	if len(messages) > 0 {
+		req.Messages = messages
 	}
 
 	return req
@@ -584,7 +606,7 @@ func extractFileNames(input string) []string {
 	// Regex to match file paths starting with optional drive letter, / ./ \ or .\ and include escaped or unescaped spaces (\ or %20)
 	// and followed by more characters and a file extension
 	// This will capture non filename strings, but we'll check for file existence to remove mismatches
-	regexPattern := `(?:[a-zA-Z]:)?(?:\./|/|\\)[\S\\ ]+?\.(?i:jpg|jpeg|png|webp)\b`
+	regexPattern := `(?:[a-zA-Z]:)?(?:\./|/|\\)[\S\\ ]+?\.(?i:jpg|jpeg|png|webp|wav)\b`
 	re := regexp.MustCompile(regexPattern)
 
 	return re.FindAllString(input, -1)
@@ -600,10 +622,16 @@ func extractFileData(input string) (string, []api.ImageData, error) {
 		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 			continue
 		} else if err != nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Couldn't process image: %q\n", err)
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Couldn't process file: %q\n", err)
 			return "", imgs, err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Added image '%s'\n", nfp)
+		ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(nfp))
+		switch ext {
+		case ".wav":
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Added audio '%s'\n", nfp)
+		default:
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Added image '%s'\n", nfp)
+		}
 		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, "'"+nfp+"'", "")
 		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, "'"+fp+"'", "")
 		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, fp, "")
@@ -677,9 +705,9 @@ func getImageData(filePath string) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	contentType := http.DetectContentType(buf)
-	allowedTypes := []string{"image/jpeg", "image/jpg", "image/png", "image/webp"}
+	allowedTypes := []string{"image/jpeg", "image/jpg", "image/png", "image/webp", "audio/wave"}
 	if !slices.Contains(allowedTypes, contentType) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image type: %s", contentType)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file type: %s", contentType)
 	}
 
 	info, err := file.Stat()
@@ -687,8 +715,7 @@ func getImageData(filePath string) ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// Check if the file size exceeds 100MB
-	var maxSize int64 = 100 * 1024 * 1024 // 100MB in bytes
+	var maxSize int64 = 100 * 1024 * 1024 // 100MB
 	if info.Size() > maxSize {
 		return nil, errors.New("file size exceeds maximum limit (100MB)")
 	}

cmd/interactive_test.go

@@ -84,3 +84,33 @@ func TestExtractFileDataRemovesQuotedFilepath(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Len(t, imgs, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, cleaned, "before  after")
 }
+
+func TestExtractFileDataWAV(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	fp := filepath.Join(dir, "sample.wav")
+	data := make([]byte, 600)
+	copy(data[:44], []byte{
+		'R', 'I', 'F', 'F',
+		0x58, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, // file size - 8
+		'W', 'A', 'V', 'E',
+		'f', 'm', 't', ' ',
+		0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // fmt chunk size
+		0x01, 0x00, // PCM
+		0x01, 0x00, // mono
+		0x80, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00, // 16000 Hz
+		0x00, 0x7d, 0x00, 0x00, // byte rate
+		0x02, 0x00, // block align
+		0x10, 0x00, // 16-bit
+		'd', 'a', 't', 'a',
+		0x34, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, // data size
+	})
+	if err := os.WriteFile(fp, data, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write test audio: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	input := "before " + fp + " after"
+	cleaned, imgs, err := extractFileData(input)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, imgs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "before  after", cleaned)
+}

cmd/internal/fileutil/files.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Package fileutil provides small shared helpers for reading JSON files
+// and writing config files with backup-on-overwrite semantics.
+package fileutil
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Keep a bounded number of backups per file so config backups do not grow
+// without limit. We keep the 5 most recent backups and do not pin the oldest.
+const maxBackupsPerFile = 5
+
+// ReadJSON reads a JSON object file into a generic map.
+func ReadJSON(path string) (map[string]any, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var result map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
+	info, err := os.Stat(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.WriteFile(dst, data, info.Mode().Perm())
+}
+
+// BackupDir returns the shared backup root used before overwriting files.
+func BackupDir() string {
+	if home, err := os.UserHomeDir(); err == nil && home != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "backup")
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "ollama-backup")
+}
+
+func writeBackupCopy(srcPath string, integration string) (string, error) {
+	dir := BackupDir()
+	name := filepath.Base(srcPath)
+	if integration != "" {
+		dir = filepath.Join(dir, integration)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	backupPath := filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d", name, time.Now().Unix()))
+	if err := copyFile(srcPath, backupPath); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	pruneOldBackups(dir, name, maxBackupsPerFile)
+	return backupPath, nil
+}
+
+// WriteWithBackup writes data to path via temp file + rename, backing up any
+// existing file first. Callers may optionally pass one integration name to
+// store backups under BackupDir()/.../<integration>/.
+func WriteWithBackup(path string, data []byte, integration ...string) error {
+	backupIntegration := ""
+	if len(integration) > 0 {
+		backupIntegration = integration[0]
+	}
+
+	var backupPath string
+	// backup must be created before any writes to the target file
+	if existingContent, err := os.ReadFile(path); err == nil {
+		if bytes.Equal(existingContent, data) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		backupPath, err = writeBackupCopy(path, backupIntegration)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("backup failed: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read existing file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	dir := filepath.Dir(path)
+	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, ".tmp-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create temp failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	tmpPath := tmp.Name()
+
+	if _, err := tmp.Write(data); err != nil {
+		_ = tmp.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("write failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := tmp.Sync(); err != nil {
+		_ = tmp.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("sync failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("close failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, path); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		if backupPath != "" {
+			_ = copyFile(backupPath, path)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("rename failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func pruneOldBackups(dir, name string, keep int) {
+	if keep < 1 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	type backupEntry struct {
+		name      string
+		timestamp int64
+	}
+
+	prefix := name + "."
+	backups := make([]backupEntry, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() || !strings.HasPrefix(entry.Name(), prefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		timestamp, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimPrefix(entry.Name(), prefix), 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		backups = append(backups, backupEntry{
+			name:      entry.Name(),
+			timestamp: timestamp,
+		})
+	}
+
+	if len(backups) <= keep {
+		return
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(backups, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if backups[i].timestamp != backups[j].timestamp {
+			return backups[i].timestamp > backups[j].timestamp
+		}
+		return backups[i].name > backups[j].name
+	})
+
+	for _, backup := range backups[keep:] {
+		_ = os.Remove(filepath.Join(dir, backup.name))
+	}
+}

cmd/internal/fileutil/files_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package config
+package fileutil
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -9,6 +9,27 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	tmpRoot, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "fileutil-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Setenv("TMPDIR", tmpRoot); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Setenv("HOME", tmpRoot); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Setenv("USERPROFILE", tmpRoot); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	code := m.Run()
+	_ = os.RemoveAll(tmpRoot)
+	os.Exit(code)
+}
+
 func mustMarshal(t *testing.T, v any) []byte {
 	t.Helper()
 	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(v, "", "  ")
@@ -18,14 +39,30 @@ func mustMarshal(t *testing.T, v any) []byte {
 	return data
 }
 
+func isolatedTempDir(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	return t.TempDir()
+}
+
 func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
+
+	t.Run("uses ollama directory under home", func(t *testing.T) {
+		home := t.TempDir()
+		t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+		t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home)
+
+		want := filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "backup")
+		if got := BackupDir(); got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("BackupDir() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+		}
+	})
 
 	t.Run("creates file", func(t *testing.T) {
 		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "new.json")
 		data := mustMarshal(t, map[string]string{"key": "value"})
 
-		if err := writeWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -43,17 +80,17 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("creates backup in /tmp/ollama-backups", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates backup in the shared backup directory", func(t *testing.T) {
 		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "backup.json")
 
 		os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"original": true}`), 0o644)
 
 		data := mustMarshal(t, map[string]bool{"updated": true})
-		if err := writeWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		entries, err := os.ReadDir(backupDir())
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(BackupDir())
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal("backup directory not created")
 		}
@@ -63,7 +100,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 			if filepath.Ext(entry.Name()) != ".json" {
 				name := entry.Name()
 				if len(name) > len("backup.json.") && name[:len("backup.json.")] == "backup.json." {
-					backupPath := filepath.Join(backupDir(), name)
+					backupPath := filepath.Join(BackupDir(), name)
 					backup, err := os.ReadFile(backupPath)
 					if err == nil {
 						var backupData map[string]bool
@@ -79,7 +116,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		if !foundBackup {
-			t.Error("backup file not created in /tmp/ollama-backups")
+			t.Error("backup file not created in backup directory")
 		}
 
 		current, _ := os.ReadFile(path)
@@ -90,15 +127,44 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("stores hinted backups under a subdirectory", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "hinted.json")
+		os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"original": true}`), 0o644)
+
+		data := mustMarshal(t, map[string]bool{"updated": true})
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data, "openclaw"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(BackupDir(), "openclaw"))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		var found bool
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			name := entry.Name()
+			if len(name) > len("hinted.json.") && name[:len("hinted.json.")] == "hinted.json." {
+				found = true
+				_ = os.Remove(filepath.Join(BackupDir(), "openclaw", name))
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !found {
+			t.Error("backup file was not created under hint directory")
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("no backup for new file", func(t *testing.T) {
 		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nobak.json")
 
 		data := mustMarshal(t, map[string]string{"new": "file"})
-		if err := writeWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		entries, _ := os.ReadDir(backupDir())
+		entries, _ := os.ReadDir(BackupDir())
 		for _, entry := range entries {
 			if len(entry.Name()) > len("nobak.json.") && entry.Name()[:len("nobak.json.")] == "nobak.json." {
 				t.Error("backup should not exist for new file")
@@ -111,11 +177,11 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 
 		data := mustMarshal(t, map[string]string{"key": "value"})
 
-		if err := writeWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		entries1, _ := os.ReadDir(backupDir())
+		entries1, _ := os.ReadDir(BackupDir())
 		countBefore := 0
 		for _, e := range entries1 {
 			if len(e.Name()) > len("unchanged.json.") && e.Name()[:len("unchanged.json.")] == "unchanged.json." {
@@ -123,11 +189,11 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if err := writeWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		entries2, _ := os.ReadDir(backupDir())
+		entries2, _ := os.ReadDir(BackupDir())
 		countAfter := 0
 		for _, e := range entries2 {
 			if len(e.Name()) > len("unchanged.json.") && e.Name()[:len("unchanged.json.")] == "unchanged.json." {
@@ -145,11 +211,11 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 
 		os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"v": 1}`), 0o644)
 		data := mustMarshal(t, map[string]int{"v": 2})
-		if err := writeWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		entries, _ := os.ReadDir(backupDir())
+		entries, _ := os.ReadDir(BackupDir())
 		var found bool
 		for _, entry := range entries {
 			name := entry.Name()
@@ -161,7 +227,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 					}
 				}
 				found = true
-				os.Remove(filepath.Join(backupDir(), name))
+				os.Remove(filepath.Join(BackupDir(), name))
 				break
 			}
 		}
@@ -169,6 +235,35 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Error("backup file with timestamp not found")
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("retains only the five newest backups per file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "pruned.json")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"v": 0}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		for i := 1; i <= maxBackupsPerFile; i++ {
+			backupPath := filepath.Join(BackupDir(), fmt.Sprintf("pruned.json.%d", i))
+			if err := os.WriteFile(backupPath, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`{"v": %d}`, i)), 0o644); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"v": 1}`)); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		backups, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(BackupDir(), "pruned.json.*"))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if len(backups) != maxBackupsPerFile {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %d backups after pruning, got %d", maxBackupsPerFile, len(backups))
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(BackupDir(), "pruned.json.1")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected oldest backup to be pruned, stat err = %v", err)
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 // Edge case tests for files.go
@@ -180,7 +275,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_FailsIfBackupFails(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("permission tests unreliable on Windows")
 	}
 
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
 
 	// Create original file
@@ -188,13 +283,13 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_FailsIfBackupFails(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(path, originalContent, 0o644)
 
 	// Make backup directory read-only to force backup failure
-	backupDir := backupDir()
+	backupDir := BackupDir()
 	os.MkdirAll(backupDir, 0o755)
 	os.Chmod(backupDir, 0o444) // Read-only
 	defer os.Chmod(backupDir, 0o755)
 
 	newContent := []byte(`{"updated": true}`)
-	err := writeWithBackup(path, newContent)
+	err := WriteWithBackup(path, newContent)
 
 	// Should fail because backup couldn't be created
 	if err == nil {
@@ -215,7 +310,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_PermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("permission tests unreliable on Windows")
 	}
 
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 
 	// Create a read-only directory
 	readOnlyDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "readonly")
@@ -224,20 +319,50 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_PermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
 	defer os.Chmod(readOnlyDir, 0o755)
 
 	path := filepath.Join(readOnlyDir, "config.json")
-	err := writeWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
+	err := WriteWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
 
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected permission error, got nil")
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriteWithBackup_UnchangedContentIsNoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("permission tests unreliable on Windows")
+	}
+
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
+	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "unchanged-noop.json")
+	data := []byte(`{"same":true}`)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, data, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Chmod(tmpDir, 0o555); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Chmod(tmpDir, 0o755)
+
+	if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unchanged write to be a no-op, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	backups, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(BackupDir(), "unchanged-noop.json.*"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(backups) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no backups for unchanged content, got %d", len(backups))
+	}
+}
+
 // TestWriteWithBackup_DirectoryDoesNotExist verifies behavior when target directory doesn't exist.
 // writeWithBackup doesn't create directories - caller is responsible.
 func TestWriteWithBackup_DirectoryDoesNotExist(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nonexistent", "subdir", "config.json")
 
-	err := writeWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
+	err := WriteWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
 
 	// Should fail because directory doesn't exist
 	if err == nil {
@@ -252,7 +377,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_SymlinkTarget(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("symlink tests may require admin on Windows")
 	}
 
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	realFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "real.json")
 	symlink := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "link.json")
 
@@ -261,7 +386,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_SymlinkTarget(t *testing.T) {
 	os.Symlink(realFile, symlink)
 
 	// Write through symlink
-	err := writeWithBackup(symlink, []byte(`{"v": 2}`))
+	err := WriteWithBackup(symlink, []byte(`{"v": 2}`))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("writeWithBackup through symlink failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -276,15 +401,15 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_SymlinkTarget(t *testing.T) {
 // TestBackupToTmp_SpecialCharsInFilename verifies backup works with special characters.
 // User may have config files with unusual names.
 func TestBackupToTmp_SpecialCharsInFilename(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 
 	// File with spaces and special chars
 	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "my config (backup).json")
 	os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"test": true}`), 0o644)
 
-	backupPath, err := backupToTmp(path)
+	backupPath, err := writeBackupCopy(path, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("backupToTmp with special chars failed: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("writeBackupCopy with special chars failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Verify backup exists and has correct content
@@ -305,7 +430,7 @@ func TestCopyFile_PreservesPermissions(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("permission preservation tests unreliable on Windows")
 	}
 
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	src := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "src.json")
 	dst := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dst.json")
 
@@ -327,7 +452,7 @@ func TestCopyFile_PreservesPermissions(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestCopyFile_SourceNotFound verifies clear error when source doesn't exist.
 func TestCopyFile_SourceNotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	src := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nonexistent.json")
 	dst := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dst.json")
 
@@ -339,11 +464,11 @@ func TestCopyFile_SourceNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestWriteWithBackup_TargetIsDirectory verifies error when path points to a directory.
 func TestWriteWithBackup_TargetIsDirectory(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	dirPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "actualdir")
 	os.MkdirAll(dirPath, 0o755)
 
-	err := writeWithBackup(dirPath, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
+	err := WriteWithBackup(dirPath, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error when target is a directory, got nil")
 	}
@@ -351,10 +476,10 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_TargetIsDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestWriteWithBackup_EmptyData verifies writing zero bytes works correctly.
 func TestWriteWithBackup_EmptyData(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "empty.json")
 
-	err := writeWithBackup(path, []byte{})
+	err := WriteWithBackup(path, []byte{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("writeWithBackup with empty data failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -375,7 +500,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_FileUnreadableButDirWritable(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("permission tests unreliable on Windows")
 	}
 
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "unreadable.json")
 
 	// Create file and make it unreadable
@@ -384,7 +509,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_FileUnreadableButDirWritable(t *testing.T) {
 	defer os.Chmod(path, 0o644)
 
 	// Should fail because we can't read the file to compare/backup
-	err := writeWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"updated": true}`))
+	err := WriteWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"updated": true}`))
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error when file is unreadable, got nil")
 	}
@@ -393,7 +518,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_FileUnreadableButDirWritable(t *testing.T) {
 // TestWriteWithBackup_RapidSuccessiveWrites verifies backup works with multiple writes
 // within the same second (timestamp collision scenario).
 func TestWriteWithBackup_RapidSuccessiveWrites(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "rapid.json")
 
 	// Create initial file
@@ -402,7 +527,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_RapidSuccessiveWrites(t *testing.T) {
 	// Rapid successive writes
 	for i := 1; i <= 3; i++ {
 		data := []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`{"v": %d}`, i))
-		if err := writeWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
+		if err := WriteWithBackup(path, data); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("write %d failed: %v", i, err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -414,7 +539,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_RapidSuccessiveWrites(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Verify at least one backup exists
-	entries, _ := os.ReadDir(backupDir())
+	entries, _ := os.ReadDir(BackupDir())
 	var backupCount int
 	for _, e := range entries {
 		if len(e.Name()) > len("rapid.json.") && e.Name()[:len("rapid.json.")] == "rapid.json." {
@@ -432,8 +557,9 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_BackupDirIsFile(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("test modifies system temp directory")
 	}
 
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 	// Create a file at the backup directory path
-	backupPath := backupDir()
+	backupPath := BackupDir()
 	// Clean up any existing directory first
 	os.RemoveAll(backupPath)
 	// Create a file instead of directory
@@ -443,11 +569,10 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_BackupDirIsFile(t *testing.T) {
 		os.MkdirAll(backupPath, 0o755)
 	}()
 
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "test.json")
 	os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"original": true}`), 0o644)
 
-	err := writeWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"updated": true}`))
+	err := WriteWithBackup(path, []byte(`{"updated": true}`))
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error when backup dir is a file, got nil")
 	}
@@ -459,7 +584,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_NoOrphanTempFiles(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("permission tests unreliable on Windows")
 	}
 
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tmpDir := isolatedTempDir(t)
 
 	// Count existing temp files
 	countTempFiles := func() int {
@@ -493,7 +618,7 @@ func TestWriteWithBackup_NoOrphanTempFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	badPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "isdir")
 	os.MkdirAll(badPath, 0o755)
 
-	_ = writeWithBackup(badPath, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
+	_ = WriteWithBackup(badPath, []byte(`{"test": true}`))
 
 	after := countTempFiles()
 	if after > before {

cmd/launch/account.go

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	// DefaultUpgradeURL is the fixed destination for subscription upgrades.
+	DefaultUpgradeURL = "https://ollama.com/upgrade"
+
+	accountCheckTimeout = 3 * time.Second
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable = errors.New("Could not verify your plan. Try again in a moment.")
+	errUpgradeCancelled            = errors.New("upgrade cancelled")
+)
+
+type accountStateStatus int
+
+const (
+	accountStateUnknown accountStateStatus = iota
+	accountStateSignedOut
+	accountStateSignedIn
+)
+
+type AccountState struct {
+	Status accountStateStatus
+	Plan   string
+}
+
+type AccountStatePrefetch struct {
+	done  chan struct{}
+	state AccountState
+}
+
+func StartAccountStatePrefetch(ctx context.Context) *AccountStatePrefetch {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	p := &AccountStatePrefetch{done: make(chan struct{})}
+	go func() {
+		state := AccountState{Status: accountStateUnknown}
+		client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+		if err == nil {
+			prefetchCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, accountCheckTimeout)
+			defer cancel()
+			if disabled, known := cloudStatusDisabled(prefetchCtx, client); !known || !disabled {
+				state = launchAccountState(prefetchCtx, client)
+			}
+		}
+		p.state = state
+		close(p.done)
+	}()
+	return p
+}
+
+func (p *AccountStatePrefetch) StateIfReady() *AccountState {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-p.done:
+		state := p.state
+		return &state
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *AccountStatePrefetch) StateUpdates(ctx context.Context) <-chan *AccountState {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	out := make(chan *AccountState, 1)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		select {
+		case <-p.done:
+			if p.state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
+				return
+			}
+			state := p.state
+			select {
+			case out <- &state:
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+			}
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+	}()
+	return out
+}
+
+func launchAccountState(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client) AccountState {
+	if client == nil {
+		return AccountState{Status: accountStateUnknown}
+	}
+
+	user, err := whoamiWithTimeout(ctx, client)
+	if err != nil {
+		var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if errors.As(err, &authErr) && authErr.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
+			return AccountState{Status: accountStateSignedOut}
+		}
+		return AccountState{Status: accountStateUnknown}
+	}
+	if user == nil || strings.TrimSpace(user.Name) == "" {
+		return AccountState{Status: accountStateSignedOut}
+	}
+	return AccountState{
+		Status: accountStateSignedIn,
+		Plan:   strings.TrimSpace(user.Plan),
+	}
+}
+
+func whoamiWithTimeout(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client) (*api.UserResponse, error) {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	checkCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, accountCheckTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	return client.Whoami(checkCtx)
+}
+
+func ApplyAccountStateToSelectionItems(items []ModelItem, state AccountState) []SelectionItem {
+	out := make([]SelectionItem, len(items))
+	for i, item := range items {
+		out[i] = SelectionItem{
+			Name:              item.Name,
+			Description:       item.Description,
+			Recommended:       item.Recommended,
+			AvailabilityBadge: availabilityBadge(item, state),
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func SelectionItemsWithAccountState(items []ModelItem, state *AccountState) []SelectionItem {
+	if state == nil || !selectionItemsNeedAccountState(items) {
+		return ApplyAccountStateToSelectionItems(items, AccountState{Status: accountStateUnknown})
+	}
+	return ApplyAccountStateToSelectionItems(items, *state)
+}
+
+func selectionItemsNeedAccountState(items []ModelItem) bool {
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if isCloudModelName(item.Name) && itemHasRecommendationMetadata(item) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *launcherClient) selectionItemUpdates(ctx context.Context, items []ModelItem, state *AccountState) <-chan []SelectionItem {
+	if !selectionItemsNeedAccountState(items) || state != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+
+	stateUpdates := c.accountStateUpdateSource(ctx)
+	if stateUpdates == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	out := make(chan []SelectionItem, 1)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		select {
+		case state, ok := <-stateUpdates:
+			if !ok || state == nil {
+				return
+			}
+			select {
+			case out <- SelectionItemsWithAccountState(items, state):
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+			}
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+	}()
+	return out
+}
+
+func (c *launcherClient) accountStateUpdateSource(ctx context.Context) <-chan *AccountState {
+	if c.accountStateUpdates != nil {
+		return c.accountStateUpdates(ctx)
+	}
+	if c.apiClient == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(chan *AccountState, 1)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		state := launchAccountState(ctx, c.apiClient)
+		if state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
+			return
+		}
+		select {
+		case out <- &state:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+	}()
+	return out
+}
+
+func availabilityBadge(item ModelItem, state AccountState) string {
+	if !isCloudModelName(item.Name) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	switch state.Status {
+	case accountStateSignedOut:
+		if itemHasRecommendationMetadata(item) {
+			return "Sign in required"
+		}
+	case accountStateSignedIn:
+		if item.RequiredPlan != "" && !PlanSatisfies(state.Plan, item.RequiredPlan) {
+			return "Upgrade required"
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func itemHasRecommendationMetadata(item ModelItem) bool {
+	return item.Recommended || strings.TrimSpace(item.RequiredPlan) != ""
+}
+
+func (c *launcherClient) ensureCloudModelAccess(ctx context.Context, model string) error {
+	item, ok := c.modelRecommendationItem(ctx, model)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(item.RequiredPlan) == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	state := launchAccountState(ctx, c.apiClient)
+	if state.Status != accountStateUnknown {
+		c.accountState = &state
+	}
+	if state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
+		return ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable
+	}
+
+	if state.Status == accountStateSignedOut {
+		if err := ensureCloudAuth(ctx, c.apiClient, model); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		state = launchAccountState(ctx, c.apiClient)
+		if state.Status != accountStateUnknown {
+			c.accountState = &state
+		}
+		if state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
+			return ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable
+		}
+	}
+
+	if PlanSatisfies(state.Plan, item.RequiredPlan) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := c.runUpgradeFlow(ctx, item); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	state = launchAccountState(ctx, c.apiClient)
+	if state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
+		return ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable
+	}
+	if state.Status != accountStateSignedIn || !PlanSatisfies(state.Plan, item.RequiredPlan) {
+		return errUpgradeCancelled
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *launcherClient) modelRecommendationItem(ctx context.Context, model string) (ModelItem, bool) {
+	for _, item := range c.recommendations(ctx) {
+		if item.Name == model {
+			return item, true
+		}
+	}
+	return ModelItem{}, false
+}
+
+func (c *launcherClient) runUpgradeFlow(ctx context.Context, item ModelItem) error {
+	if DefaultUpgrade != nil {
+		if _, err := DefaultUpgrade(item.Name, item.RequiredPlan); err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrCancelled) {
+				return errUpgradeCancelled
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	yes, err := ConfirmPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("Upgrade to use %s?", item.Name))
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrCancelled) {
+		return errUpgradeCancelled
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !yes {
+		return errUpgradeCancelled
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nTo upgrade, navigate to:\n    %s\n\n", DefaultUpgradeURL)
+	openNow, err := ConfirmPrompt("Open now?")
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrCancelled) {
+		return errUpgradeCancelled
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if openNow {
+		OpenBrowser(DefaultUpgradeURL)
+	} else {
+		return errUpgradeCancelled
+	}
+
+	spinnerFrames := []string{"|", "/", "-", "\\"}
+	frame := 0
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[90mwaiting for upgrade to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[0])
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K")
+			return ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			frame++
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[90mwaiting for upgrade to complete... %s\033[0m", spinnerFrames[frame%len(spinnerFrames)])
+			if frame%10 != 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			state := launchAccountState(ctx, c.apiClient)
+			if state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K")
+				return ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable
+			}
+			if state.Status == accountStateSignedIn && PlanSatisfies(state.Plan, item.RequiredPlan) {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\r\033[K\033[A\r\033[K\033[1mplan updated\033[0m\n")
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// PlanSatisfies reports whether currentPlan can use a model that has a requiredPlan.
+func PlanSatisfies(currentPlan, requiredPlan string) bool {
+	required := normalizePlan(requiredPlan)
+	if required == "" || required == "free" {
+		return true
+	}
+	current := normalizePlan(currentPlan)
+	return current != "" && current != "free"
+}
+
+func normalizePlan(plan string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(plan))
+}

cmd/launch/claude.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+)
+
+// Claude implements Runner for Claude Code integration.
+type Claude struct{}
+
+func (c *Claude) String() string { return "Claude Code" }
+
+func (c *Claude) args(model string, extra []string) []string {
+	var args []string
+	if model != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--model", model)
+	}
+	args = append(args, extra...)
+	return args
+}
+
+func (c *Claude) findPath() (string, error) {
+	if p, err := exec.LookPath("claude"); err == nil {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	name := "claude"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		name = "claude.exe"
+	}
+	fallback := filepath.Join(home, ".claude", "local", name)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(fallback); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return fallback, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Claude) Run(model string, args []string) error {
+	claudePath, err := c.findPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("claude is not installed, install from https://code.claude.com/docs/en/quickstart")
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(claudePath, c.args(model, args)...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+
+	env := append(os.Environ(),
+		"ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL="+envconfig.Host().String(),
+		"ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=",
+		"ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN=ollama",
+		"CLAUDE_CODE_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER=0",
+	)
+
+	env = append(env, c.modelEnvVars(model)...)
+
+	cmd.Env = env
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+// modelEnvVars returns Claude Code env vars that route all model tiers through Ollama.
+func (c *Claude) modelEnvVars(model string) []string {
+	env := []string{
+		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL=" + model,
+		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL=" + model,
+		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL=" + model,
+		"CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL=" + model,
+	}
+
+	if isCloudModelName(model) {
+		if l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(model); ok {
+			env = append(env, "CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW="+strconv.Itoa(l.Context))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return env
+}

cmd/launch/claude_desktop.go

@@ -0,0 +1,889 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/internal/fileutil"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
+
+const (
+	claudeDesktopIntegrationName = "claude-desktop"
+	claudeDesktopProfileName     = "Ollama"
+	claudeDesktopProfileID       = "00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000114"
+	claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL  = "https://ollama.com"
+	claudeDesktopAPIKeyURL       = "https://ollama.com/settings/keys"
+	claudeDesktopModelLabel      = "Ollama Cloud"
+	claudeDesktopSuccessMessage  = "Claude Desktop profile changed to Ollama Cloud."
+	claudeDesktopRestoreMessage  = "To restore the usual Claude profile, run: ollama launch claude-desktop --restore"
+	claudeDesktopRestoredMessage = "Claude Desktop restored to the usual Claude profile."
+)
+
+var (
+	claudeDesktopGOOS           = runtime.GOOS
+	claudeDesktopUserHome       = os.UserHomeDir
+	claudeDesktopStat           = os.Stat
+	claudeDesktopOpenApp        = defaultClaudeDesktopOpenApp
+	claudeDesktopOpenAppPath    = defaultClaudeDesktopOpenAppPath
+	claudeDesktopQuitApp        = defaultClaudeDesktopQuitApp
+	claudeDesktopIsRunning      = defaultClaudeDesktopIsRunning
+	claudeDesktopRunningAppPath = defaultClaudeDesktopRunningAppPath
+	claudeDesktopGlob           = filepath.Glob
+	claudeDesktopSleep          = time.Sleep
+	claudeDesktopHTTPClient     = http.DefaultClient
+	claudeDesktopPromptAPIKey   = promptClaudeDesktopAPIKey
+	claudeDesktopValidateAPIKey = validateClaudeDesktopAPIKey
+)
+
+// ClaudeDesktop configures and launches Claude Desktop in third-party
+// inference mode using Ollama Cloud as the gateway.
+type ClaudeDesktop struct{}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) String() string { return "Claude Desktop" }
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) Supported() error { return claudeDesktopSupported() }
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) Paths() []string {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) AutodiscoveredModel() string {
+	return claudeDesktopModelLabel
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) ConfigureAutodiscovery() error {
+	if err := claudeDesktopSupported(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	targets, err := claudeDesktopTargetPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	key, err := claudeDesktopValidatedAPIKey(context.Background(), claudeDesktopTargetProfilePaths(targets))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range targets.normalConfigs {
+		if err := writeClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(path, "3p"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		if err := writeClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(target.desktopConfig, "3p"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := writeClaudeDesktopMeta(target.meta, claudeDesktopProfileID, claudeDesktopProfileName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := writeClaudeDesktopGatewayProfile(target.profile, key, true); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) RestoreHint() string {
+	return claudeDesktopRestoreMessage
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) ConfigurationSuccessMessage() string {
+	return claudeDesktopSuccessMessage + "\n" + claudeDesktopRestoreMessage
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) RestoreSuccessMessage() string {
+	return claudeDesktopRestoredMessage
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) AutodiscoveryConfigured() bool {
+	targets, err := claudeDesktopTargetPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return claudeDesktopTargetsConfigured(targets)
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) Onboard() error {
+	return config.MarkIntegrationOnboarded(claudeDesktopIntegrationName)
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) RequiresInteractiveOnboarding() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) SkipModelReadiness() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) Run(_ string, args []string) error {
+	if err := claudeDesktopSupported(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("claude-desktop does not accept extra arguments")
+	}
+	return claudeDesktopLaunchOrRestart("Restart Claude Desktop to use Ollama?")
+}
+
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) Restore() error {
+	if err := claudeDesktopSupported(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	targets, err := claudeDesktopTargetPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range targets.normalConfigs {
+		if err := writeClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(path, "1p"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		if err := writeClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(target.desktopConfig, "1p"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := restoreClaudeDesktopMeta(target.meta); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := restoreClaudeDesktopOllamaProfile(target.profile); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return claudeDesktopLaunchOrRestart("Restart Claude Desktop to use the usual Claude profile?")
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopSupported() error {
+	switch claudeDesktopGOOS {
+	case "darwin", "windows":
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("Claude Desktop launch is only supported on macOS and Windows")
+	}
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopInstalled() bool {
+	if claudeDesktopAppPath() != "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if claudeDesktopGOOS == "windows" && claudeDesktopIsRunning() {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, dir := range claudeDesktopProfileDirCandidates(false) {
+		if _, err := claudeDesktopStat(dir); err == nil {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopAppPath() string {
+	if claudeDesktopGOOS != "darwin" && claudeDesktopGOOS != "windows" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, path := range claudeDesktopAppCandidates() {
+		if _, err := claudeDesktopStat(path); err == nil {
+			return path
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopAppCandidates() []string {
+	switch claudeDesktopGOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		return claudeDesktopDarwinAppCandidates()
+	case "windows":
+		return claudeDesktopWindowsAppCandidates()
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopDarwinAppCandidates() []string {
+	candidates := []string{"/Applications/Claude.app"}
+	if home, err := claudeDesktopUserHome(); err == nil {
+		candidates = append(candidates, filepath.Join(home, "Applications", "Claude.app"))
+	}
+	return candidates
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopWindowsAppCandidates() []string {
+	local, err := claudeDesktopLocalAppData()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	candidates := []string{
+		filepath.Join(local, "Programs", "Claude", "Claude.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Programs", "Claude Desktop", "Claude.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Claude", "Claude.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Claude Nest", "Claude.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Claude Desktop", "Claude.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "AnthropicClaude", "Claude.exe"),
+	}
+	for _, pattern := range []string{
+		filepath.Join(local, "AnthropicClaude", "app-*", "Claude.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Programs", "Claude", "app-*", "Claude.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Programs", "Claude Desktop", "app-*", "Claude.exe"),
+	} {
+		matches, _ := claudeDesktopGlob(pattern)
+		candidates = append(candidates, matches...)
+	}
+	return claudeDesktopDedupePaths(candidates)
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopDedupePaths(paths []string) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(paths))
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(paths))
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		key := strings.ToLower(path)
+		if seen[key] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = true
+		out = append(out, path)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+type claudeDesktopPaths struct {
+	normalConfig  string
+	desktopConfig string
+	meta          string
+	profile       string
+}
+
+type claudeDesktopThirdPartyPaths struct {
+	desktopConfig string
+	meta          string
+	profile       string
+}
+
+type claudeDesktopTargets struct {
+	normalConfigs      []string
+	thirdPartyProfiles []claudeDesktopThirdPartyPaths
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopConfigPaths() (claudeDesktopPaths, error) {
+	switch claudeDesktopGOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		return claudeDesktopDarwinConfigPaths()
+	case "windows":
+		return claudeDesktopWindowsConfigPaths()
+	default:
+		return claudeDesktopPaths{}, claudeDesktopSupported()
+	}
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopDarwinConfigPaths() (claudeDesktopPaths, error) {
+	normalRoots, thirdPartyRoots, err := claudeDesktopDarwinProfileRoots()
+	if err != nil {
+		return claudeDesktopPaths{}, err
+	}
+	normalBase := normalRoots[0]
+	thirdPartyBase := thirdPartyRoots[0]
+	return claudeDesktopPaths{
+		normalConfig:  filepath.Join(normalBase, "claude_desktop_config.json"),
+		desktopConfig: filepath.Join(thirdPartyBase, "claude_desktop_config.json"),
+		meta:          filepath.Join(thirdPartyBase, "configLibrary", "_meta.json"),
+		profile:       filepath.Join(thirdPartyBase, "configLibrary", claudeDesktopProfileID+".json"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopWindowsConfigPaths() (claudeDesktopPaths, error) {
+	normalBase, err := claudeDesktopProfileDir(true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return claudeDesktopPaths{}, err
+	}
+	thirdPartyBase, err := claudeDesktopProfileDir(false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return claudeDesktopPaths{}, err
+	}
+	return claudeDesktopPaths{
+		normalConfig:  filepath.Join(normalBase, "claude_desktop_config.json"),
+		desktopConfig: filepath.Join(thirdPartyBase, "claude_desktop_config.json"),
+		meta:          filepath.Join(thirdPartyBase, "configLibrary", "_meta.json"),
+		profile:       filepath.Join(thirdPartyBase, "configLibrary", claudeDesktopProfileID+".json"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopProfileDir(normal bool) (string, error) {
+	candidates := claudeDesktopProfileDirCandidates(normal)
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("Claude Desktop profile directory could not be resolved")
+	}
+	for _, candidate := range candidates {
+		if _, err := claudeDesktopStat(candidate); err == nil {
+			return candidate, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return candidates[0], nil
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopProfileDirCandidates(normal bool) []string {
+	if claudeDesktopGOOS != "windows" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	normalRoots, thirdPartyRoots, err := claudeDesktopWindowsProfileRoots()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if normal {
+		return normalRoots
+	}
+	return thirdPartyRoots
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopDarwinProfileRoots() ([]string, []string, error) {
+	home, err := claudeDesktopUserHome()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	base := filepath.Join(home, "Library", "Application Support")
+	return []string{filepath.Join(base, "Claude")}, []string{filepath.Join(base, "Claude-3p")}, nil
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopWindowsProfileRoots() ([]string, []string, error) {
+	local, err := claudeDesktopLocalAppData()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	normalRoots := []string{
+		filepath.Join(local, "Claude"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Claude Nest"),
+	}
+	thirdPartyRoots := []string{
+		filepath.Join(local, "Claude-3p"),
+		filepath.Join(local, "Claude Nest-3p"),
+	}
+	return normalRoots, thirdPartyRoots, nil
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopTargetPaths() (claudeDesktopTargets, error) {
+	var (
+		normalRoots     []string
+		thirdPartyRoots []string
+		err             error
+	)
+
+	switch claudeDesktopGOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		normalRoots, thirdPartyRoots, err = claudeDesktopDarwinProfileRoots()
+	case "windows":
+		normalRoots, thirdPartyRoots, err = claudeDesktopWindowsProfileRoots()
+	default:
+		err = claudeDesktopSupported()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return claudeDesktopTargets{}, err
+	}
+
+	return newClaudeDesktopTargets(normalRoots, thirdPartyRoots), nil
+}
+
+func newClaudeDesktopTargets(normalRoots, thirdPartyRoots []string) claudeDesktopTargets {
+	targets := claudeDesktopTargets{}
+	for _, root := range claudeDesktopDedupePaths(normalRoots) {
+		targets.normalConfigs = append(targets.normalConfigs, filepath.Join(root, "claude_desktop_config.json"))
+	}
+	for _, root := range claudeDesktopDedupePaths(thirdPartyRoots) {
+		targets.thirdPartyProfiles = append(targets.thirdPartyProfiles, claudeDesktopThirdPartyPaths{
+			desktopConfig: filepath.Join(root, "claude_desktop_config.json"),
+			meta:          filepath.Join(root, "configLibrary", "_meta.json"),
+			profile:       filepath.Join(root, "configLibrary", claudeDesktopProfileID+".json"),
+		})
+	}
+	return targets
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopTargetProfilePaths(targets claudeDesktopTargets) []string {
+	paths := make([]string, 0, len(targets.thirdPartyProfiles))
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		paths = append(paths, target.profile)
+	}
+	return paths
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopLocalAppData() (string, error) {
+	if local := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")); local != "" {
+		return local, nil
+	}
+	if home := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("USERPROFILE")); home != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(home, "AppData", "Local"), nil
+	}
+	home, err := claudeDesktopUserHome()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, "AppData", "Local"), nil
+}
+
+type claudeDesktopAPIKeySource int
+
+const (
+	claudeDesktopAPIKeySourceNone claudeDesktopAPIKeySource = iota
+	claudeDesktopAPIKeySourceEnv
+	claudeDesktopAPIKeySourceProfile
+)
+
+func claudeDesktopValidatedAPIKey(ctx context.Context, profilePaths []string) (string, error) {
+	key, source, err := claudeDesktopAPIKey(profilePaths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := claudeDesktopValidateAPIKey(ctx, key); err == nil {
+		return key, nil
+	} else if source != claudeDesktopAPIKeySourceProfile || !canPromptClaudeDesktopAPIKey() {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return promptValidClaudeDesktopAPIKey(ctx)
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopAPIKey(profilePaths []string) (string, claudeDesktopAPIKeySource, error) {
+	if key := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY")); key != "" {
+		return key, claudeDesktopAPIKeySourceEnv, nil
+	}
+	for _, profilePath := range profilePaths {
+		if key := readClaudeDesktopGatewayAPIKey(profilePath); key != "" {
+			return key, claudeDesktopAPIKeySourceProfile, nil
+		}
+	}
+	key, err := promptClaudeDesktopAPIKeyValue()
+	return key, claudeDesktopAPIKeySourceNone, err
+}
+
+func canPromptClaudeDesktopAPIKey() bool {
+	return isInteractiveSession() && !currentLaunchConfirmPolicy.requireYesMessage
+}
+
+func promptValidClaudeDesktopAPIKey(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	key, err := promptClaudeDesktopAPIKeyValue()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := claudeDesktopValidateAPIKey(ctx, key); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func promptClaudeDesktopAPIKeyValue() (string, error) {
+	if !canPromptClaudeDesktopAPIKey() {
+		return "", missingClaudeDesktopAPIKeyError()
+	}
+	key, err := claudeDesktopPromptAPIKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	key = strings.TrimSpace(key)
+	if key == "" {
+		return "", missingClaudeDesktopAPIKeyError()
+	}
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func missingClaudeDesktopAPIKeyError() error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("OLLAMA_API_KEY is required for Claude Desktop. Create an API key at %s, then re-run with OLLAMA_API_KEY set", claudeDesktopAPIKeyURL)
+}
+
+func promptClaudeDesktopAPIKey() (string, error) {
+	fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, claudeDesktopAPIKeyPrompt())
+	key, err := term.ReadPassword(int(os.Stdin.Fd()))
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(key), nil
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopAPIKeyPrompt() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Create an Ollama API key at %s\nEnter Ollama API key (input hidden): ", claudeDesktopAPIKeyURL)
+}
+
+func readClaudeDesktopGatewayAPIKey(path string) string {
+	cfg, err := readClaudeDesktopJSON(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	key, _ := cfg["inferenceGatewayApiKey"].(string)
+	return strings.TrimSpace(key)
+}
+
+func validateClaudeDesktopAPIKey(ctx context.Context, key string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if claudeDesktopAPIKeyHasInvalidHeaderChars(key) {
+		return claudeDesktopAPIKeyVerificationError()
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL+"/v1/models", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return claudeDesktopAPIKeyVerificationError()
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+key)
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := claudeDesktopHTTPClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return claudeDesktopAPIKeyVerificationError()
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 4<<10))
+
+	switch {
+	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized || resp.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden:
+		return fmt.Errorf("Ollama API key was rejected; create a valid key at %s", claudeDesktopAPIKeyURL)
+	case resp.StatusCode >= 200 && resp.StatusCode < 300:
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not verify Ollama API key; ollama.com returned status %d, try again later", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopAPIKeyHasInvalidHeaderChars(key string) bool {
+	return strings.ContainsFunc(key, func(r rune) bool {
+		return r < ' ' || r == 0x7f
+	})
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopAPIKeyVerificationError() error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("could not verify Ollama API key; copy a key from %s and try again", claudeDesktopAPIKeyURL)
+}
+
+func writeClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(path, mode string) error {
+	cfg, err := readClaudeDesktopJSONAllowMissing(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse Claude Desktop config: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg["deploymentMode"] = mode
+	return writeClaudeDesktopJSON(path, cfg)
+}
+
+func writeClaudeDesktopMeta(path, id, name string) error {
+	meta, err := readClaudeDesktopJSONAllowMissing(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse Claude Desktop config metadata: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	meta["appliedId"] = id
+	entries := make([]any, 0)
+	for _, entry := range claudeDesktopAnySlice(meta["entries"]) {
+		entryMap, _ := entry.(map[string]any)
+		if entryMap == nil {
+			entries = append(entries, entry)
+			continue
+		}
+		if entryID, _ := entryMap["id"].(string); entryID == id {
+			continue
+		}
+		entries = append(entries, entryMap)
+	}
+	entries = append(entries, map[string]any{
+		"id":   id,
+		"name": name,
+	})
+	meta["entries"] = entries
+	return writeClaudeDesktopJSON(path, meta)
+}
+
+func writeClaudeDesktopGatewayProfile(path string, apiKey string, forceChooser bool) error {
+	cfg, err := readClaudeDesktopJSONAllowMissing(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse Claude Desktop Ollama profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg["inferenceProvider"] = "gateway"
+	cfg["inferenceGatewayBaseUrl"] = claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL
+	cfg["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] = apiKey
+	cfg["inferenceGatewayAuthScheme"] = "bearer"
+	delete(cfg, "inferenceModels")
+	cfg["disableDeploymentModeChooser"] = forceChooser
+	return writeClaudeDesktopJSON(path, cfg)
+}
+
+func restoreClaudeDesktopMeta(path string) error {
+	meta, err := readClaudeDesktopJSONAllowMissing(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse Claude Desktop config metadata: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(meta) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	changed := false
+	if appliedID, _ := meta["appliedId"].(string); appliedID == claudeDesktopProfileID {
+		delete(meta, "appliedId")
+		changed = true
+	}
+
+	entries := claudeDesktopAnySlice(meta["entries"])
+	if entries != nil {
+		filtered := make([]any, 0, len(entries))
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			entryMap, _ := entry.(map[string]any)
+			if entryID, _ := entryMap["id"].(string); entryID == claudeDesktopProfileID {
+				changed = true
+				continue
+			}
+			filtered = append(filtered, entry)
+		}
+		meta["entries"] = filtered
+	}
+
+	if !changed {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return writeClaudeDesktopJSON(path, meta)
+}
+
+func restoreClaudeDesktopOllamaProfile(path string) error {
+	cfg, err := readClaudeDesktopJSONAllowMissing(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse Claude Desktop Ollama profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(cfg) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cfg["disableDeploymentModeChooser"] = false
+	delete(cfg, "inferenceProvider")
+	delete(cfg, "inferenceGatewayBaseUrl")
+	delete(cfg, "inferenceGatewayAuthScheme")
+	delete(cfg, "inferenceModels")
+	return writeClaudeDesktopJSON(path, cfg)
+}
+
+func readClaudeDesktopAppliedID(path string) string {
+	meta, err := readClaudeDesktopJSON(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	applied, _ := meta["appliedId"].(string)
+	return applied
+}
+
+func readClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(path string) string {
+	cfg, err := readClaudeDesktopJSON(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	mode, _ := cfg["deploymentMode"].(string)
+	return mode
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopTargetsConfigured(targets claudeDesktopTargets) bool {
+	if len(targets.normalConfigs) == 0 || len(targets.thirdPartyProfiles) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, path := range targets.normalConfigs {
+		if readClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(path) != "3p" {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		if readClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(target.desktopConfig) != "3p" {
+			return false
+		}
+		if !claudeDesktopThirdPartyProfileConfigured(target) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopThirdPartyProfileConfigured(target claudeDesktopThirdPartyPaths) bool {
+	if readClaudeDesktopAppliedID(target.meta) != claudeDesktopProfileID {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := readClaudeDesktopJSON(target.profile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if s, _ := cfg["inferenceProvider"].(string); s != "gateway" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if s, _ := cfg["inferenceGatewayBaseUrl"].(string); strings.TrimRight(s, "/") != claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL {
+		return false
+	}
+	if s, _ := cfg["inferenceGatewayApiKey"].(string); strings.TrimSpace(s) == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func readClaudeDesktopJSONAllowMissing(path string) (map[string]any, error) {
+	cfg, err := readClaudeDesktopJSON(path)
+	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return map[string]any{}, nil
+	}
+	return cfg, err
+}
+
+func readClaudeDesktopJSON(path string) (map[string]any, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = map[string]any{}
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func writeClaudeDesktopJSON(path string, cfg any) error {
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(cfg, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	data = append(data, '\n')
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(path, data)
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopAnySlice(value any) []any {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case []any:
+		return v
+	case nil:
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopLaunchOrRestart(prompt string) error {
+	if !claudeDesktopIsRunning() {
+		return claudeDesktopOpenApp()
+	}
+	restartAppPath := ""
+	if claudeDesktopGOOS == "windows" {
+		restartAppPath = claudeDesktopRunningAppPath()
+	}
+
+	restart, err := ConfirmPrompt(prompt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !restart {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "\nQuit and reopen Claude Desktop when you're ready for the profile change to take effect.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := claudeDesktopQuitApp(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("quit Claude Desktop: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := waitForClaudeDesktopExit(30 * time.Second); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if restartAppPath != "" {
+		return claudeDesktopOpenAppPath(restartAppPath)
+	}
+	return claudeDesktopOpenApp()
+}
+
+func waitForClaudeDesktopExit(timeout time.Duration) error {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if !claudeDesktopIsRunning() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		claudeDesktopSleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("Claude Desktop did not quit; quit it manually and re-run the command")
+}
+
+func defaultClaudeDesktopIsRunning() bool {
+	switch claudeDesktopGOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		out, err := exec.Command("pgrep", "-f", "Claude.app/Contents/MacOS/Claude").Output()
+		return err == nil && strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) != ""
+	case "windows":
+		out, err := exec.Command("powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-Command", `(Get-Process claude -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object { $_.MainWindowHandle -ne 0 } | Select-Object -First 1).Id`).Output()
+		return err == nil && strings.TrimSpace(string(out)) != ""
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func defaultClaudeDesktopOpenApp() error {
+	switch claudeDesktopGOOS {
+	case "windows":
+		if path := claudeDesktopAppPath(); path != "" {
+			return claudeDesktopOpenAppPath(path)
+		}
+		if path := claudeDesktopRunningAppPath(); path != "" {
+			return claudeDesktopOpenAppPath(path)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("Claude Desktop executable was not found; open Claude Desktop manually once and re-run 'ollama launch claude-desktop'")
+	case "darwin":
+		return openClaudeDesktopDarwin()
+	default:
+		return claudeDesktopSupported()
+	}
+}
+
+func defaultClaudeDesktopOpenAppPath(path string) error {
+	switch claudeDesktopGOOS {
+	case "windows":
+		return exec.Command("powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-Command", "Start-Process -FilePath "+quotePowerShellString(path)).Run()
+	case "darwin":
+		return openClaudeDesktopDarwin()
+	default:
+		return claudeDesktopSupported()
+	}
+}
+
+func openClaudeDesktopDarwin() error {
+	cmd := exec.Command("open", "-a", "Claude")
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+func defaultClaudeDesktopRunningAppPath() string {
+	if claudeDesktopGOOS != "windows" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	script := `(Get-Process claude -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object { $_.MainWindowHandle -ne 0 -and $_.Path } | Select-Object -First 1 -ExpandProperty Path)`
+	out, err := exec.Command("powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-Command", script).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+}
+
+func defaultClaudeDesktopQuitApp() error {
+	if claudeDesktopGOOS == "windows" {
+		script := `Get-Process claude -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object { $_.MainWindowHandle -ne 0 } | ForEach-Object { [void]$_.CloseMainWindow() }`
+		return exec.Command("powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-Command", script).Run()
+	}
+	return exec.Command("osascript", "-e", `tell application "Claude" to quit`).Run()
+}
+
+func quotePowerShellString(s string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", "''") + "'"
+}

cmd/launch/claude_desktop_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
+
+func withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t *testing.T, goos string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	old := claudeDesktopGOOS
+	claudeDesktopGOOS = goos
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		claudeDesktopGOOS = old
+	})
+}
+
+func withClaudeDesktopValidation(t *testing.T, fn func(context.Context, string) error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	old := claudeDesktopValidateAPIKey
+	claudeDesktopValidateAPIKey = fn
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		claudeDesktopValidateAPIKey = old
+	})
+}
+
+func withClaudeDesktopPrompt(t *testing.T, fn func() (string, error)) {
+	t.Helper()
+	old := claudeDesktopPromptAPIKey
+	claudeDesktopPromptAPIKey = fn
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		claudeDesktopPromptAPIKey = old
+	})
+}
+
+func withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t *testing.T, running func() bool, quit func() error, open func() error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	oldRunning := claudeDesktopIsRunning
+	oldQuit := claudeDesktopQuitApp
+	oldOpen := claudeDesktopOpenApp
+	oldOpenPath := claudeDesktopOpenAppPath
+	oldRunningPath := claudeDesktopRunningAppPath
+	oldSleep := claudeDesktopSleep
+	claudeDesktopIsRunning = running
+	claudeDesktopQuitApp = quit
+	claudeDesktopOpenApp = open
+	claudeDesktopOpenAppPath = oldOpenPath
+	claudeDesktopRunningAppPath = oldRunningPath
+	claudeDesktopSleep = func(time.Duration) {}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		claudeDesktopIsRunning = oldRunning
+		claudeDesktopQuitApp = oldQuit
+		claudeDesktopOpenApp = oldOpen
+		claudeDesktopOpenAppPath = oldOpenPath
+		claudeDesktopRunningAppPath = oldRunningPath
+		claudeDesktopSleep = oldSleep
+	})
+}
+
+func claudeDesktopReadJSON(t *testing.T, path string) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+	return cfg
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &ClaudeDesktop{}
+
+	t.Run("implements Runner", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ Runner = c
+	})
+	t.Run("implements managed autodiscovery integration", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ ManagedAutodiscoveryIntegration = c
+	})
+	t.Run("does not use local Ollama Cloud auth gate", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if _, ok := any(c).(ManagedAutodiscoveryCloudIntegration); ok {
+			t.Fatal("Claude Desktop should validate OLLAMA_API_KEY directly instead of requiring local Ollama Cloud sign-in")
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("implements restore", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ RestorableIntegration = c
+	})
+	t.Run("has restore hint", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ RestoreHintIntegration = c
+		if !strings.Contains(c.RestoreHint(), "--restore") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected restore hint to mention --restore, got %q", c.RestoreHint())
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(c.RestoreHint(), "Tip:") {
+			t.Fatalf("restore hint should not use Tip wording, got %q", c.RestoreHint())
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("has success messages", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ ConfigurationSuccessIntegration = c
+		var _ RestoreSuccessIntegration = c
+		if got := c.ConfigurationSuccessMessage(); got != "Claude Desktop profile changed to Ollama Cloud.\nTo restore the usual Claude profile, run: ollama launch claude-desktop --restore" {
+			t.Fatalf("configuration success message = %q", got)
+		}
+		if got := c.RestoreSuccessMessage(); got != "Claude Desktop restored to the usual Claude profile." {
+			t.Fatalf("restore success message = %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("skips local model readiness", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ ManagedModelReadinessSkipper = c
+		if !c.SkipModelReadiness() {
+			t.Fatal("expected Claude Desktop to skip local model readiness")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLaunchIntegration_ClaudeDesktopDoesNotRequireLocalCloudSignIn(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	withInteractiveSession(t, true)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "Applications", "Claude.app"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/status":
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"error":"not found"}`)
+		case "/api/me":
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"error":"unauthorized","signin_url":"https://example.com/signin"}`)
+		default:
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	var validatedKey string
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(_ context.Context, key string) error {
+		validatedKey = key
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	DefaultSignIn = func(modelName, signInURL string) (string, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("Claude Desktop launch should not require local Ollama Cloud sign-in, got %s at %s", modelName, signInURL)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	var openCalls int
+	withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t,
+		func() bool { return false },
+		func() error { return nil },
+		func() error {
+			openCalls++
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+
+	if err := LaunchIntegration(context.Background(), IntegrationLaunchRequest{Name: "claude-desktop"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LaunchIntegration returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if validatedKey != "test-api-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("validated key = %q, want test API key", validatedKey)
+	}
+	if openCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("open calls = %d, want 1", openCalls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureWritesOllamaCloudProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
+
+	var validatedKey string
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(_ context.Context, key string) error {
+		validatedKey = key
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(paths.desktopConfig), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(paths.meta), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.desktopConfig, []byte(`{"existing":true}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.meta, []byte(`{"entries":[{"id":"custom","name":"Custom"}]}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Configure returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if validatedKey != "test-api-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("validated key = %q, want test API key", validatedKey)
+	}
+
+	desktopConfig := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.desktopConfig)
+	if desktopConfig["existing"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("existing desktop config key was not preserved: %v", desktopConfig)
+	}
+	if desktopConfig["deploymentMode"] != "3p" {
+		t.Fatalf("deploymentMode = %v, want 3p", desktopConfig["deploymentMode"])
+	}
+	normalConfig := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.normalConfig)
+	if normalConfig["deploymentMode"] != "3p" {
+		t.Fatalf("normal deploymentMode = %v, want 3p", normalConfig["deploymentMode"])
+	}
+
+	meta := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.meta)
+	if meta["appliedId"] != claudeDesktopProfileID {
+		t.Fatalf("appliedId = %v, want %s", meta["appliedId"], claudeDesktopProfileID)
+	}
+	entries, _ := meta["entries"].([]any)
+	if len(entries) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("entries len = %d, want 2: %v", len(entries), entries)
+	}
+
+	profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.profile)
+	if profile["inferenceProvider"] != "gateway" {
+		t.Fatalf("inferenceProvider = %v, want gateway", profile["inferenceProvider"])
+	}
+	if profile["inferenceGatewayBaseUrl"] != claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL {
+		t.Fatalf("base URL = %v, want %s", profile["inferenceGatewayBaseUrl"], claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL)
+	}
+	if profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] != "test-api-key" {
+		t.Fatal("expected configured API key to be written")
+	}
+	if profile["inferenceGatewayAuthScheme"] != "bearer" {
+		t.Fatalf("auth scheme = %v, want bearer", profile["inferenceGatewayAuthScheme"])
+	}
+	if profile["disableDeploymentModeChooser"] != true {
+		t.Fatalf("disableDeploymentModeChooser = %v, want true", profile["disableDeploymentModeChooser"])
+	}
+	if _, ok := profile["inferenceModels"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("inferenceModels should be omitted so Claude can discover models, got %v", profile["inferenceModels"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureAutodiscoveryRemovesExistingModelCatalog(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(context.Context, string) error { return nil })
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(paths.profile), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.profile, []byte(`{"inferenceModels":["qwen3.5"],"inferenceGatewayApiKey":"old"}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureAutodiscovery returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.profile)
+	if _, ok := profile["inferenceModels"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("inferenceModels should be removed, got %v", profile["inferenceModels"])
+	}
+	if profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] != "test-api-key" {
+		t.Fatal("expected env API key to replace the old key")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopWindowsConfigPathsUseLocalAppData(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData"))
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData", "Claude-3p", "claude_desktop_config.json"); paths.desktopConfig != want {
+		t.Fatalf("desktop config = %q, want %q", paths.desktopConfig, want)
+	}
+	if want := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData", "Claude", "claude_desktop_config.json"); paths.normalConfig != want {
+		t.Fatalf("normal config = %q, want %q", paths.normalConfig, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopWindowsConfigPathsFallbackToNestProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	local := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", local)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(local, "Claude Nest-3p"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := filepath.Join(local, "Claude Nest-3p", "claude_desktop_config.json"); paths.desktopConfig != want {
+		t.Fatalf("desktop config = %q, want %q", paths.desktopConfig, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopAutodiscoveryConfiguredOnWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData"))
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(context.Context, string) error { return nil })
+
+	c := &ClaudeDesktop{}
+	if err := c.ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Configure returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !c.AutodiscoveryConfigured() {
+		t.Fatal("expected Claude Desktop autodiscovery config to be detected on Windows")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureAutodiscoveryTouchesAllWindowsProfileCandidates(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	local := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", local)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(context.Context, string) error { return nil })
+
+	targets, err := claudeDesktopTargetPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(targets.normalConfigs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("normal config target count = %d, want 2", len(targets.normalConfigs))
+	}
+	if len(targets.thirdPartyProfiles) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("third-party target count = %d, want 2", len(targets.thirdPartyProfiles))
+	}
+
+	c := &ClaudeDesktop{}
+	if err := c.ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureAutodiscovery returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range targets.normalConfigs {
+		cfg := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, path)
+		if cfg["deploymentMode"] != "3p" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s deploymentMode = %v, want 3p", path, cfg["deploymentMode"])
+		}
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		cfg := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, target.desktopConfig)
+		if cfg["deploymentMode"] != "3p" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s deploymentMode = %v, want 3p", target.desktopConfig, cfg["deploymentMode"])
+		}
+		meta := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, target.meta)
+		if meta["appliedId"] != claudeDesktopProfileID {
+			t.Fatalf("%s appliedId = %v, want %s", target.meta, meta["appliedId"], claudeDesktopProfileID)
+		}
+		profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, target.profile)
+		if profile["inferenceProvider"] != "gateway" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s inferenceProvider = %v, want gateway", target.profile, profile["inferenceProvider"])
+		}
+		if profile["inferenceGatewayBaseUrl"] != claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL {
+			t.Fatalf("%s base URL = %v, want %s", target.profile, profile["inferenceGatewayBaseUrl"], claudeDesktopGatewayBaseURL)
+		}
+		if profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] != "test-api-key" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s should contain the configured API key", target.profile)
+		}
+		if _, ok := profile["inferenceModels"]; ok {
+			t.Fatalf("%s inferenceModels should be omitted, got %v", target.profile, profile["inferenceModels"])
+		}
+	}
+	if !c.AutodiscoveryConfigured() {
+		t.Fatal("expected all Windows profile candidates to be considered configured")
+	}
+
+	if err := writeClaudeDesktopDeploymentMode(targets.thirdPartyProfiles[1].desktopConfig, "1p"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if c.AutodiscoveryConfigured() {
+		t.Fatal("expected a stale Windows candidate to force reconfiguration")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopInstalledOnWindowsRecognizesLocalProfileDir(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	local := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", local)
+	withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t, func() bool { return false }, func() error { return nil }, func() error { return nil })
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(local, "Claude-3p"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if !claudeDesktopInstalled() {
+		t.Fatal("expected Claude Desktop to be installed when the Windows profile directory exists")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopWindowsAppPathFindsAnthropicClaudeInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	local := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", local)
+	want := filepath.Join(local, "AnthropicClaude", "app-1.2.3", "Claude.exe")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(want), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(want, []byte(""), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if got := claudeDesktopAppPath(); got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("claudeDesktopAppPath() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWaitForClaudeDesktopExitUsesRunningHook(t *testing.T) {
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	runningChecks := 0
+	withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t,
+		func() bool {
+			runningChecks++
+			return runningChecks == 1
+		},
+		func() error { return nil },
+		func() error { return nil },
+	)
+
+	if err := waitForClaudeDesktopExit(time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("waitForClaudeDesktopExit returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if runningChecks < 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected running hook to be checked until the visible window exits, got %d checks", runningChecks)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopWindowsRestartUsesCapturedDesktopPath(t *testing.T) {
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	restoreConfirm := withLaunchConfirmPolicy(launchConfirmPolicy{yes: true})
+	defer restoreConfirm()
+
+	desktopPath := `C:\Users\parth\AppData\Local\AnthropicClaude\app-1.2.3\Claude.exe`
+	running := true
+	var openedPath string
+	withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t,
+		func() bool { return running },
+		func() error {
+			running = false
+			return nil
+		},
+		func() error {
+			t.Fatal("expected restart to open the captured Desktop executable path, not the generic launcher")
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+	claudeDesktopRunningAppPath = func() string { return desktopPath }
+	claudeDesktopOpenAppPath = func(path string) error {
+		openedPath = path
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).Run("qwen3.5", nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if openedPath != desktopPath {
+		t.Fatalf("opened path = %q, want %q", openedPath, desktopPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopWindowsOpenDoesNotFallBackToClaudeCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData"))
+
+	oldRunningPath := claudeDesktopRunningAppPath
+	claudeDesktopRunningAppPath = func() string { return "" }
+	t.Cleanup(func() { claudeDesktopRunningAppPath = oldRunningPath })
+
+	err := defaultClaudeDesktopOpenApp()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Claude Desktop executable was not found") {
+		t.Fatalf("defaultClaudeDesktopOpenApp error = %v, want executable-not-found error", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureStopsBeforeWriteWhenKeyValidationFails(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "bad-key")
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(context.Context, string) error {
+		return errors.New("invalid key")
+	})
+
+	err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).ConfigureAutodiscovery()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid key") {
+		t.Fatalf("Configure error = %v, want invalid key", err)
+	}
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(paths.desktopConfig); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		t.Fatalf("desktop config should not be written after validation failure, stat err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateClaudeDesktopAPIKeyUsesClaudeModelsRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	oldClient := claudeDesktopHTTPClient
+	var gotPath, gotAuth string
+	claudeDesktopHTTPClient = &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		gotPath = req.URL.Path
+		gotAuth = req.Header.Get("Authorization")
+		return &http.Response{
+			StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+			Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"data":[]}`)),
+			Header:     make(http.Header),
+		}, nil
+	})}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		claudeDesktopHTTPClient = oldClient
+	})
+
+	if err := validateClaudeDesktopAPIKey(context.Background(), "test-key"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("validateClaudeDesktopAPIKey returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if gotPath != "/v1/models" {
+		t.Fatalf("validation path = %q, want /v1/models", gotPath)
+	}
+	if gotAuth != "Bearer test-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("Authorization header = %q, want bearer key", gotAuth)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateClaudeDesktopAPIKeyHidesInvalidHeaderDetails(t *testing.T) {
+	err := validateClaudeDesktopAPIKey(context.Background(), "bad\nkey")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected validation error for key with newline")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "could not verify Ollama API key") {
+		t.Fatalf("validation error = %v, want friendly verification message", err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid header") || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "net/http") {
+		t.Fatalf("validation error should not expose transport internals: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "https://ollama.com/settings/keys") {
+		t.Fatalf("validation error should include settings link: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureRequiresAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "")
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(context.Context, string) error {
+		t.Fatal("validation should not run without an API key")
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).ConfigureAutodiscovery()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "OLLAMA_API_KEY is required") {
+		t.Fatalf("Configure error = %v, want missing key guidance", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopAPIKeyPromptIncludesSettingsLink(t *testing.T) {
+	prompt := claudeDesktopAPIKeyPrompt()
+	if !strings.Contains(prompt, "Enter Ollama API key") {
+		t.Fatalf("prompt should ask for the API key, got %q", prompt)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(prompt, "https://ollama.com/settings/keys") {
+		t.Fatalf("prompt should include API key settings link, got %q", prompt)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureReusesExistingAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "")
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(paths.profile), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.profile, []byte(`{"inferenceGatewayApiKey":"existing-key"}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var validatedKey string
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(_ context.Context, key string) error {
+		validatedKey = key
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureAutodiscovery returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if validatedKey != "existing-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("validated key = %q, want existing-key", validatedKey)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureReplacesInvalidExistingAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	withInteractiveSession(t, true)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "")
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(paths.profile), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.profile, []byte(`{"inferenceGatewayApiKey":"stale-key"}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var validated []string
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(_ context.Context, key string) error {
+		validated = append(validated, key)
+		if key == "stale-key" {
+			return errors.New("invalid key")
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	withClaudeDesktopPrompt(t, func() (string, error) {
+		return "replacement-key", nil
+	})
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureAutodiscovery returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if diff := compareStrings(validated, []string{"stale-key", "replacement-key"}); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("validated keys mismatch: %s", diff)
+	}
+	profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.profile)
+	if profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] != "replacement-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("configured key = %v, want replacement-key", profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopConfigureReusesExistingAPIKeyFromAnyWindowsProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	local := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", local)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "")
+
+	targets, err := claudeDesktopTargetPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fallbackProfile := targets.thirdPartyProfiles[1].profile
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(fallbackProfile), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(fallbackProfile, []byte(`{"inferenceGatewayApiKey":"fallback-key"}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var validatedKey string
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(_ context.Context, key string) error {
+		validatedKey = key
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureAutodiscovery returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if validatedKey != "fallback-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("validated key = %q, want fallback-key", validatedKey)
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, target.profile)
+		if profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] != "fallback-key" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s should reuse fallback key, got %v", target.profile, profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopAutodiscoveryConfiguredRequiresAppliedOllamaProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(context.Context, string) error { return nil })
+
+	c := &ClaudeDesktop{}
+	if err := c.ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Configure returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !c.AutodiscoveryConfigured() {
+		t.Fatal("expected Claude Desktop autodiscovery config to be detected")
+	}
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.meta, []byte(`{"appliedId":"custom"}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if c.AutodiscoveryConfigured() {
+		t.Fatal("expected another applied profile to hide Claude Desktop autodiscovery config")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopAutodiscoveryConfiguredRequiresAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_API_KEY", "test-api-key")
+	withClaudeDesktopValidation(t, func(context.Context, string) error { return nil })
+
+	c := &ClaudeDesktop{}
+	if err := c.ConfigureAutodiscovery(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Configure returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.profile)
+	delete(profile, "inferenceGatewayApiKey")
+	data, err := json.Marshal(profile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.profile, data, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if c.AutodiscoveryConfigured() {
+		t.Fatal("expected missing gateway API key to force Claude Desktop reconfiguration")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopRestoreSwitchesBackToFirstPartyMode(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t, func() bool { return false }, func() error { return nil }, func() error { return nil })
+
+	paths, err := claudeDesktopConfigPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(paths.profile), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.meta, []byte(`{"appliedId":"`+claudeDesktopProfileID+`","entries":[{"id":"`+claudeDesktopProfileID+`","name":"Ollama"}]}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(paths.profile, []byte(`{"disableDeploymentModeChooser":true,"inferenceGatewayApiKey":"keep","inferenceProvider":"gateway","inferenceGatewayBaseUrl":"https://ollama.com","inferenceGatewayAuthScheme":"bearer","inferenceModels":["legacy"]}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).Restore(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Restore returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	desktopConfig := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.desktopConfig)
+	if desktopConfig["deploymentMode"] != "1p" {
+		t.Fatalf("deploymentMode = %v, want 1p", desktopConfig["deploymentMode"])
+	}
+	normalConfig := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.normalConfig)
+	if normalConfig["deploymentMode"] != "1p" {
+		t.Fatalf("normal deploymentMode = %v, want 1p", normalConfig["deploymentMode"])
+	}
+	profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.profile)
+	if profile["disableDeploymentModeChooser"] != false {
+		t.Fatalf("disableDeploymentModeChooser = %v, want false", profile["disableDeploymentModeChooser"])
+	}
+	if profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] != "keep" {
+		t.Fatal("restore should leave existing Ollama profile credentials in place")
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"inferenceProvider", "inferenceGatewayBaseUrl", "inferenceGatewayAuthScheme", "inferenceModels"} {
+		if _, ok := profile[key]; ok {
+			t.Fatalf("restore should clear stale %s from the Ollama profile: %v", key, profile)
+		}
+	}
+	meta := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, paths.meta)
+	if _, ok := meta["appliedId"]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("restore should clear the applied Ollama third-party profile: %v", meta)
+	}
+	if (&ClaudeDesktop{}).AutodiscoveryConfigured() {
+		t.Fatal("restore should leave Claude Desktop autodiscovery unconfigured")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopRestoreTouchesAllWindowsProfileCandidates(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "windows")
+	local := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", local)
+	withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t, func() bool { return false }, func() error { return nil }, func() error { return nil })
+
+	targets, err := claudeDesktopTargetPaths()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(targets.normalConfigs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("normal config target count = %d, want 2", len(targets.normalConfigs))
+	}
+	if len(targets.thirdPartyProfiles) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("third-party target count = %d, want 2", len(targets.thirdPartyProfiles))
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target.profile), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(target.meta, []byte(`{"appliedId":"`+claudeDesktopProfileID+`","entries":[{"id":"`+claudeDesktopProfileID+`","name":"Ollama"}]}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(target.profile, []byte(`{"disableDeploymentModeChooser":true,"inferenceGatewayApiKey":"keep","inferenceProvider":"gateway","inferenceGatewayBaseUrl":"https://ollama.com","inferenceGatewayAuthScheme":"bearer","inferenceModels":["legacy"]}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).Restore(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Restore returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range targets.normalConfigs {
+		cfg := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, path)
+		if cfg["deploymentMode"] != "1p" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s deploymentMode = %v, want 1p", path, cfg["deploymentMode"])
+		}
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets.thirdPartyProfiles {
+		cfg := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, target.desktopConfig)
+		if cfg["deploymentMode"] != "1p" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s deploymentMode = %v, want 1p", target.desktopConfig, cfg["deploymentMode"])
+		}
+		meta := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, target.meta)
+		if _, ok := meta["appliedId"]; ok {
+			t.Fatalf("%s should not keep the Ollama applied profile: %v", target.meta, meta)
+		}
+		profile := claudeDesktopReadJSON(t, target.profile)
+		if profile["disableDeploymentModeChooser"] != false {
+			t.Fatalf("%s disableDeploymentModeChooser = %v, want false", target.profile, profile["disableDeploymentModeChooser"])
+		}
+		if profile["inferenceGatewayApiKey"] != "keep" {
+			t.Fatalf("%s should preserve gateway API key", target.profile)
+		}
+		for _, key := range []string{"inferenceProvider", "inferenceGatewayBaseUrl", "inferenceGatewayAuthScheme", "inferenceModels"} {
+			if _, ok := profile[key]; ok {
+				t.Fatalf("%s should clear stale %s: %v", target.profile, key, profile)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopRunRestartsRunningAppWhenConfirmed(t *testing.T) {
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	restoreConfirm := withLaunchConfirmPolicy(launchConfirmPolicy{yes: true})
+	defer restoreConfirm()
+
+	running := true
+	var quitCalls, openCalls int
+	withClaudeDesktopProcessHooks(t,
+		func() bool { return running },
+		func() error {
+			quitCalls++
+			running = false
+			return nil
+		},
+		func() error {
+			openCalls++
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+
+	if err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).Run("qwen3.5", nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if quitCalls != 1 || openCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("quit/open calls = %d/%d, want 1/1", quitCalls, openCalls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeDesktopRunRejectsExtraArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	withClaudeDesktopPlatform(t, "darwin")
+	err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).Run("qwen3.5", []string{"--foo"})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not accept extra arguments") {
+		t.Fatalf("Run error = %v, want extra args rejection", err)
+	}
+}

cmd/launch/claude_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package config
+package launch
 
 import (
 	"os"
@@ -117,10 +117,7 @@ func TestClaudeModelEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 		return m
 	}
 
-	t.Run("falls back to model param when no aliases saved", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
+	t.Run("maps all Claude model env vars to the provided model", func(t *testing.T) {
 		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("llama3.2"))
 		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "llama3.2" {
 			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want llama3.2", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
@@ -134,65 +131,41 @@ func TestClaudeModelEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"] != "llama3.2" {
 			t.Errorf("SUBAGENT = %q, want llama3.2", got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"])
 		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("uses primary alias for opus sonnet and subagent", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		SaveIntegration("claude", []string{"qwen3:8b"})
-		saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "qwen3:8b"})
-
-		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("qwen3:8b"))
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want qwen3:8b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("SONNET = %q, want qwen3:8b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("HAIKU = %q, want qwen3:8b (no fast alias)", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"])
-		}
-		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"] != "qwen3:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("SUBAGENT = %q, want qwen3:8b", got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"])
+		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"] != "" {
+			t.Errorf("AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW = %q, want empty for local models", got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"])
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("uses fast alias for haiku", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
-
-		SaveIntegration("claude", []string{"llama3.2:70b"})
-		saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{
-			"primary": "llama3.2:70b",
-			"fast":    "llama3.2:8b",
-		})
-
-		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("llama3.2:70b"))
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:70b" {
-			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want llama3.2:70b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
+	t.Run("supports empty model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars(""))
+		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "" {
+			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want empty", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
 		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:70b" {
-			t.Errorf("SONNET = %q, want llama3.2:70b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"])
+		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"] != "" {
+			t.Errorf("SONNET = %q, want empty", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL"])
 		}
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:8b" {
-			t.Errorf("HAIKU = %q, want llama3.2:8b", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"])
+		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"] != "" {
+			t.Errorf("HAIKU = %q, want empty", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL"])
 		}
-		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"] != "llama3.2:70b" {
-			t.Errorf("SUBAGENT = %q, want llama3.2:70b", got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"])
+		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"] != "" {
+			t.Errorf("SUBAGENT = %q, want empty", got["CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL"])
+		}
+		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"] != "" {
+			t.Errorf("AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW = %q, want empty", got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"])
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("alias primary overrides model param", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	t.Run("sets auto compact window for known cloud models", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("glm-5:cloud"))
+		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"] != "202752" {
+			t.Errorf("AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW = %q, want 202752", got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"])
+		}
+	})
 
-		SaveIntegration("claude", []string{"saved-model"})
-		saveAliases("claude", map[string]string{"primary": "saved-model"})
-
-		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("different-model"))
-		if got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"] != "saved-model" {
-			t.Errorf("OPUS = %q, want saved-model", got["ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL"])
+	t.Run("does not set auto compact window for unknown cloud models", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := envMap(c.modelEnvVars("unknown-model:cloud"))
+		if got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"] != "" {
+			t.Errorf("AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW = %q, want empty", got["CLAUDE_CODE_AUTO_COMPACT_WINDOW"])
 		}
 	})
 }

cmd/launch/cline.go

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-package config
+package launch
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/internal/fileutil"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 )
 
@@ -22,24 +21,6 @@ func (c *Cline) Run(model string, args []string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cline is not installed, install with: npm install -g cline")
 	}
 
-	models := []string{model}
-	if config, err := loadIntegration("cline"); err == nil && len(config.Models) > 0 {
-		models = config.Models
-	}
-	var err error
-	models, err = resolveEditorModels("cline", models, func() ([]string, error) {
-		return selectModels(context.Background(), "cline", "")
-	})
-	if errors.Is(err, errCancelled) {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := c.Edit(models); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("setup failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	cmd := exec.Command("cline", args...)
 	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
@@ -97,7 +78,7 @@ func (c *Cline) Edit(models []string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return writeWithBackup(configPath, data)
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(configPath, data, "cline")
 }
 
 func (c *Cline) Models() []string {
@@ -106,7 +87,7 @@ func (c *Cline) Models() []string {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	config, err := readJSONFile(filepath.Join(home, ".cline", "data", "globalState.json"))
+	config, err := fileutil.ReadJSON(filepath.Join(home, ".cline", "data", "globalState.json"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}

cmd/launch/cline_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package config
+package launch
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"

cmd/launch/codex.go

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
+)
+
+// Codex implements Runner for Codex integration
+type Codex struct{}
+
+func (c *Codex) String() string { return "Codex" }
+
+const codexProfileName = "ollama-launch"
+
+func (c *Codex) args(model string, extra []string) []string {
+	args := []string{"--profile", codexProfileName}
+	if model != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-m", model)
+	}
+	args = append(args, extra...)
+	return args
+}
+
+func (c *Codex) Run(model string, args []string) error {
+	if err := checkCodexVersion(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to configure codex: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("codex", c.args(model, args)...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
+		"OPENAI_API_KEY=ollama",
+	)
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+// ensureCodexConfig writes a [profiles.ollama-launch] section to ~/.codex/config.toml
+// with openai_base_url pointing to the local Ollama server.
+func ensureCodexConfig() error {
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	codexDir := filepath.Join(home, ".codex")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(codexDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(codexDir, "config.toml")
+	return writeCodexProfile(configPath)
+}
+
+// writeCodexProfile ensures ~/.codex/config.toml has the ollama-launch profile
+// and model provider sections with the correct base URL.
+func writeCodexProfile(configPath string) error {
+	baseURL := envconfig.Host().String() + "/v1/"
+
+	sections := []struct {
+		header string
+		lines  []string
+	}{
+		{
+			header: fmt.Sprintf("[profiles.%s]", codexProfileName),
+			lines: []string{
+				fmt.Sprintf("openai_base_url = %q", baseURL),
+				`forced_login_method = "api"`,
+				fmt.Sprintf("model_provider = %q", codexProfileName),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			header: fmt.Sprintf("[model_providers.%s]", codexProfileName),
+			lines: []string{
+				`name = "Ollama"`,
+				fmt.Sprintf("base_url = %q", baseURL),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	content, readErr := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	text := ""
+	if readErr == nil {
+		text = string(content)
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range sections {
+		block := strings.Join(append([]string{s.header}, s.lines...), "\n") + "\n"
+
+		if idx := strings.Index(text, s.header); idx >= 0 {
+			// Replace the existing section up to the next section header.
+			rest := text[idx+len(s.header):]
+			if endIdx := strings.Index(rest, "\n["); endIdx >= 0 {
+				text = text[:idx] + block + rest[endIdx+1:]
+			} else {
+				text = text[:idx] + block
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Append the section.
+			if text != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(text, "\n") {
+				text += "\n"
+			}
+			if text != "" {
+				text += "\n"
+			}
+			text += block
+		}
+	}
+
+	return os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(text), 0o644)
+}
+
+func checkCodexVersion() error {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("codex"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("codex is not installed, install with: npm install -g @openai/codex")
+	}
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("codex", "--version").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get codex version: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse output like "codex-cli 0.87.0"
+	fields := strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)))
+	if len(fields) < 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected codex version output: %s", string(out))
+	}
+
+	version := "v" + fields[len(fields)-1]
+	minVersion := "v0.81.0"
+
+	if semver.Compare(version, minVersion) < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("codex version %s is too old, minimum required is %s, update with: npm update -g @openai/codex", fields[len(fields)-1], "0.81.0")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cmd/launch/codex_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCodexArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &Codex{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		model string
+		args  []string
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{"with model", "llama3.2", nil, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch", "-m", "llama3.2"}},
+		{"empty model", "", nil, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch"}},
+		{"with model and extra args", "qwen3.5", []string{"-p", "myprofile"}, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch", "-m", "qwen3.5", "-p", "myprofile"}},
+		{"with sandbox flag", "llama3.2", []string{"--sandbox", "workspace-write"}, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch", "-m", "llama3.2", "--sandbox", "workspace-write"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := c.args(tt.model, tt.args)
+			if !slices.Equal(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("args(%q, %v) = %v, want %v", tt.model, tt.args, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteCodexProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates new file when none exists", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+
+		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		content := string(data)
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "openai_base_url") {
+			t.Error("missing openai_base_url key")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "/v1/") {
+			t.Error("missing /v1/ suffix in base URL")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, `forced_login_method = "api"`) {
+			t.Error("missing forced_login_method key")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, `model_provider = "ollama-launch"`) {
+			t.Error("missing model_provider key")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Error("missing [model_providers.ollama-launch] section")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, `name = "Ollama"`) {
+			t.Error("missing model provider name")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("appends profile to existing file without profile", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+		existing := "[some_other_section]\nkey = \"value\"\n"
+		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
+
+		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		content := string(data)
+
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "[some_other_section]") {
+			t.Error("existing section was removed")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("replaces existing profile section", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+		existing := "[profiles.ollama-launch]\nopenai_base_url = \"http://old:1234/v1/\"\n\n[model_providers.ollama-launch]\nname = \"Ollama\"\nbase_url = \"http://old:1234/v1/\"\n"
+		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
+
+		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		content := string(data)
+
+		if strings.Contains(content, "old:1234") {
+			t.Error("old URL was not replaced")
+		}
+		if strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [profiles.ollama-launch] section, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]"))
+		}
+		if strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [model_providers.ollama-launch] section, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]"))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("replaces profile while preserving following sections", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+		existing := "[profiles.ollama-launch]\nopenai_base_url = \"http://old:1234/v1/\"\n[another_section]\nfoo = \"bar\"\n"
+		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
+
+		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		content := string(data)
+
+		if strings.Contains(content, "old:1234") {
+			t.Error("old URL was not replaced")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "[another_section]") {
+			t.Error("following section was removed")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "foo = \"bar\"") {
+			t.Error("following section content was removed")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("appends newline to file not ending with newline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+		existing := "[other]\nkey = \"val\""
+		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
+
+		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		content := string(data)
+
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
+		}
+		// Should not have double blank lines from missing trailing newline
+		if strings.Contains(content, "\n\n\n") {
+			t.Error("unexpected triple newline in output")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uses custom OLLAMA_HOST", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", "http://myhost:9999")
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+
+		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		content := string(data)
+
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "myhost:9999/v1/") {
+			t.Errorf("expected custom host in URL, got:\n%s", content)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEnsureCodexConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates .codex dir and config.toml", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("config.toml not created: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		content := string(data)
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "openai_base_url") {
+			t.Error("missing openai_base_url key")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("is idempotent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		content := string(data)
+
+		if strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [profiles.ollama-launch] section after two calls, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]"))
+		}
+		if strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [model_providers.ollama-launch] section after two calls, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]"))
+		}
+	})
+}

cmd/launch/command_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func captureStderr(t *testing.T, fn func()) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	oldStderr := os.Stderr
+	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create stderr pipe: %v", err)
+	}
+	os.Stderr = w
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stderr = oldStderr
+	}()
+
+	done := make(chan string, 1)
+	go func() {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		_, _ = io.Copy(&buf, r)
+		done <- buf.String()
+	}()
+
+	fn()
+
+	_ = w.Close()
+	return <-done
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmd(t *testing.T) {
+	mockCheck := func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+	mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {}
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+
+	t.Run("command structure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if cmd.Use != "launch [INTEGRATION] [-- [EXTRA_ARGS...]]" {
+			t.Errorf("Use = %q, want %q", cmd.Use, "launch [INTEGRATION] [-- [EXTRA_ARGS...]]")
+		}
+		if cmd.Short == "" {
+			t.Error("Short description should not be empty")
+		}
+		if cmd.Long == "" {
+			t.Error("Long description should not be empty")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(cmd.Long, "hermes") {
+			t.Error("Long description should mention hermes")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(cmd.Long, "kimi") {
+			t.Error("Long description should mention kimi")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("flags exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup("model") == nil {
+			t.Error("--model flag should exist")
+		}
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup("config") == nil {
+			t.Error("--config flag should exist")
+		}
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup("restore") == nil {
+			t.Error("--restore flag should exist")
+		}
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup("yes") == nil {
+			t.Error("--yes flag should exist")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PreRunE is set", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if cmd.PreRunE == nil {
+			t.Error("PreRunE should be set to checkServerHeartbeat")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdTUICallback(t *testing.T) {
+	mockCheck := func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	t.Run("no args calls TUI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
+		_ = cmd.Execute()
+
+		if !tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should be called when no args provided")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("integration arg bypasses TUI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.NotFoundHandler())
+		defer srv.Close()
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"claude"})
+		_ = cmd.Execute()
+
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when integration arg provided")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("--model flag without integration returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--model", "test-model"})
+		err := cmd.Execute()
+
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected --model without an integration to fail")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "require an integration name") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected integration-name guidance, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when --model is provided without an integration")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("--config flag without integration returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--config"})
+		err := cmd.Execute()
+
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected --config without an integration to fail")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "require an integration name") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected integration-name guidance, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when --config is provided without an integration")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("--yes flag without integration returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--yes"})
+		err := cmd.Execute()
+
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected --yes without an integration to fail")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "require an integration name") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected integration-name guidance, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when --yes is provided without an integration")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("extra args without integration return error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--model", "test-model", "--", "--sandbox", "workspace-write"})
+		err := cmd.Execute()
+
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected flags and extra args without an integration to fail")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "require an integration name") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected integration-name guidance, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when flags or extra args are provided without an integration")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("--restore flag without integration returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tuiCalled := false
+		mockTUI := func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+			tuiCalled = true
+		}
+
+		cmd := LaunchCmd(mockCheck, mockTUI)
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--restore"})
+		err := cmd.Execute()
+
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected --restore without an integration to fail")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "require an integration name") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected integration-name guidance, got %v", err)
+		}
+		if tuiCalled {
+			t.Error("TUI callback should NOT be called when --restore is provided without an integration")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdNilHeartbeat(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(nil, nil)
+	if cmd == nil {
+		t.Fatal("LaunchCmd returned nil")
+	}
+	if cmd.PreRunE != nil {
+		t.Log("Note: PreRunE is set even when nil is passed (acceptable)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagFiltersDisabledCloudFromSavedConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubeditor", []string{"glm-5:cloud"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seed saved config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/status":
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"cloud":{"disabled":true,"source":"config"}}`)
+		case "/api/show":
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherEditorRunner{}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubeditor", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "llama3.2"})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("launch command failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	saved, err := config.LoadIntegration("stubeditor")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to reload integration config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"llama3.2"}, saved.Models); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("saved models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([][]string{{"llama3.2"}}, stub.edited); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("editor models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with llama3.2, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagClearsDisabledCloudOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/status":
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"cloud":{"disabled":true,"source":"config"}}`)
+		case "/api/experimental/model-recommendations":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"recommendations":[]}`)
+		case "/api/tags":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[{"name":"llama3.2"}]}`)
+		case "/api/show":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherSingleRunner{}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubapp", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	oldSelector := DefaultSingleSelector
+	defer func() { DefaultSingleSelector = oldSelector }()
+
+	var selectorCalls int
+	var gotCurrent string
+	DefaultSingleSelector = func(title string, items []SelectionItem, current string) (string, error) {
+		selectorCalls++
+		gotCurrent = current
+		return "llama3.2", nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubapp", "--model", "glm-5:cloud"})
+	stderr := captureStderr(t, func() {
+		if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("launch command failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if selectorCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected disabled cloud override to fall back to selector, got %d calls", selectorCalls)
+	}
+	if gotCurrent != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected disabled override to be cleared before selection, got current %q", gotCurrent)
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with replacement local model, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr, "Warning: ignoring --model glm-5:cloud because cloud is disabled") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected disabled-cloud warning, got stderr: %q", stderr)
+	}
+
+	saved, err := config.LoadIntegration("stubapp")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to reload integration config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"llama3.2"}, saved.Models); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("saved models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdAutodiscoveryDefaultLaunchDoesNotForceConfigure(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, true)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+
+	runner := &launcherManagedAutodiscoveryRunner{
+		autodiscoveryConfigured: true,
+	}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubauto", runner)
+	defer restore()
+
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubauto", []string{"Ollama Cloud"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to save managed integration config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := config.MarkIntegrationOnboarded("stubauto"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to mark integration onboarded: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+		t.Fatal("TUI callback should not run for direct integration launch")
+	})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubauto"})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("launch command failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if runner.autodiscoveryConfigures != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected default autodiscovery launch to reuse existing config, got %d configures", runner.autodiscoveryConfigures)
+	}
+	if runner.ranModel != "Ollama Cloud" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run autodiscovery label, got %q", runner.ranModel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdYes_AutoConfirmsLaunchPromptPath(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, false)
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/show":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+		case "/api/status":
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"error":"not found"}`)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherEditorRunner{paths: []string{"/tmp/stubeditor.json"}}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubeditor", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected prompt with --yes: %q", prompt)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "llama3.2", "--yes"})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("launch command with --yes failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([][]string{{"llama3.2"}}, stub.edited); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("editor models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with llama3.2, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdHeadlessWithYes_AutoPullsMissingLocalModel(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, false)
+
+	var pullCalled bool
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/show":
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"error":"model not found"}`)
+		case "/api/pull":
+			pullCalled = true
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"status":"success"}`)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherSingleRunner{}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubapp", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected prompt with --yes in headless autopull path: %q", prompt)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubapp", "--model", "missing-model", "--yes"})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("launch command with --yes failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !pullCalled {
+		t.Fatal("expected missing local model to be auto-pulled with --yes in headless mode")
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "missing-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with pulled model, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdHeadlessWithoutYes_AllowsConfiguredLaunch(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, false)
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/show":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+		case "/api/status":
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"error":"not found"}`)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherEditorRunner{paths: []string{"/tmp/stubeditor.json"}}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubeditor", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected prompt in headless non-yes mode: %q", prompt)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "llama3.2"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch command to succeed without --yes when an explicit model is provided, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if diff := compareStringSlices(stub.edited, [][]string{{"llama3.2"}}); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected editor writes (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run configured model, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdIntegrationArgPromptsForModelWithSavedSelection(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubapp", []string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seed saved config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/experimental/model-recommendations":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"recommendations":[]}`)
+		case "/api/tags":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[{"name":"llama3.2"},{"name":"qwen3:8b"}]}`)
+		case "/api/show":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"qwen3:8b"}`)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherSingleRunner{}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubapp", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	oldSelector := DefaultSingleSelector
+	defer func() { DefaultSingleSelector = oldSelector }()
+
+	var gotCurrent string
+	DefaultSingleSelector = func(title string, items []SelectionItem, current string) (string, error) {
+		gotCurrent = current
+		return "qwen3:8b", nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubapp"})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("launch command failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if gotCurrent != "llama3.2" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected selector current model to be saved model llama3.2, got %q", gotCurrent)
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "qwen3:8b" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run selected model qwen3:8b, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+
+	saved, err := config.LoadIntegration("stubapp")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to reload integration config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"qwen3:8b"}, saved.Models); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("saved models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdHeadlessYes_IntegrationRequiresModelEvenWhenSaved(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, false)
+
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubapp", []string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to seed saved config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/show":
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherSingleRunner{}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubapp", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	oldSelector := DefaultSingleSelector
+	defer func() { DefaultSingleSelector = oldSelector }()
+	DefaultSingleSelector = func(title string, items []SelectionItem, current string) (string, error) {
+		t.Fatal("selector should not be called for headless --yes saved-model launch")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubapp", "--yes"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected launch command to fail when --yes is used headlessly without --model")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "requires --model <model>") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected actionable --model guidance, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to abort before run, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchCmdHeadlessYes_IntegrationWithoutSavedModelReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, false)
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+
+	stub := &launcherSingleRunner{}
+	restore := OverrideIntegration("stubapp", stub)
+	defer restore()
+
+	oldSelector := DefaultSingleSelector
+	defer func() { DefaultSingleSelector = oldSelector }()
+	DefaultSingleSelector = func(title string, items []SelectionItem, current string) (string, error) {
+		t.Fatal("selector should not be called for headless --yes without saved model")
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubapp", "--yes"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected launch command to fail when --yes is used headlessly without --model")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "requires --model <model>") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected actionable --model guidance, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if stub.ranModel != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to abort before run, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	}
+}