pacquet serialized the `importers`, `packages`, `snapshots`, and per-importer/per-snapshot dependency maps in `std::HashMap` iteration order — a per-instance random seed — so two installs of the same resolution could emit byte-different `pnpm-lock.yaml` files. This diverges from pnpm, whose lockfile is canonically ordered, and produces spurious git diffs on no-op re-installs (#12117). Sort every lockfile map by its rendered key string at emit time via two `serialize_with` helpers in `serialize_yaml`, matching pnpm's `sortLockfileKeys`/`lexCompare`. Sorting by the rendered key (not a field-wise `Ord`) is load-bearing: the `@` separating `name@version` and the leading `@` of a scoped name both order differently as struct fields than as the concatenated string pnpm compares. `overrides` is the one map pnpm leaves unsorted (declaration order), so it moves from `HashMap` to `IndexMap` to preserve insertion order rather than being sorted — deterministic and faithful to pnpm. The reuse-vs-fresh equivalence test now asserts byte-for-byte parity (was a parsed-struct comparison working around the old non-determinism), and a new test guards that a no-op re-install leaves the lockfile bytes unchanged.
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Fast, disk space efficient package manager:
- Fast. Up to 2x faster than the alternatives (see benchmark).
- Efficient. Files inside
node_modulesare linked from a single content-addressable storage. - Great for monorepos.
- Strict. A package can access only dependencies that are specified in its
package.json. - Deterministic. Has a lockfile called
pnpm-lock.yaml. - Works as a Node.js version manager. See pnpm runtime.
- Works everywhere. Supports Windows, Linux, and macOS.
- Battle-tested. Used in production by teams of all sizes since 2016.
- See the full feature comparison with npm and Yarn.
To quote the Rush team:
Microsoft uses pnpm in Rush repos with hundreds of projects and hundreds of PRs per day, and we’ve found it to be very fast and reliable.
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Background
pnpm uses a content-addressable filesystem to store all files from all module directories on a disk. When using npm, if you have 100 projects using lodash, you will have 100 copies of lodash on disk. With pnpm, lodash will be stored in a content-addressable storage, so:
- If you depend on different versions of lodash, only the files that differ are added to the store.
If lodash has 100 files, and a new version has a change only in one of those files,
pnpm updatewill only add 1 new file to the storage. - All the files are saved in a single place on the disk. When packages are installed, their files are linked from that single place consuming no additional disk space. Linking is performed using either hard-links or reflinks (copy-on-write).
As a result, you save gigabytes of space on your disk and you have a lot faster installations!
If you'd like more details about the unique node_modules structure that pnpm creates and
why it works fine with the Node.js ecosystem, read this small article: Flat node_modules is not the only way.
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Getting Started
Benchmark
pnpm is up to 2x faster than npm and Yarn classic. See all benchmarks here.
Benchmarks on an app with lots of dependencies:
License
MIT, except the pnpr/ directory, which is source-available under the PolyForm Shield License 1.0.0.