Joe Tsai e713daf3d5 util/cobs: add new package for frame encoding
Package cobs implements Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing (COBS),
a technique for reliable packet framing over serial byte streams.

This has future utility for storing a sequence of arbitrary log entries
on disk without needing to depend on intrinsic framing within
the log entries themselves (e.g., JSON or CBOR).

While more complicated, COBS is superior to offset-based framing
mechanisms as the null byte can be trivially used to demarcate
the boundaries of a frame. This makes COBS more resistant
against bit-corruption where a single corrupted offset
can make everything else in the file unreadable.
COBS makes it possible to resynchronize framing after a
corrupted section by simply searching for the next null.

Performance:

	Benchmark/EncodeForward/Zeros-32         	   16341	     76312 ns/op	13740.68 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
	Benchmark/EncodeReverse/Zeros-32         	    6326	    188261 ns/op	5569.79 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
	Benchmark/DecodeForward/Zeros-32         	   16461	     72140 ns/op	14535.28 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op

	Benchmark/EncodeForward/NonZeros-32      	   41797	     29155 ns/op	35965.56 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
	Benchmark/EncodeReverse/NonZeros-32      	    4792	    248788 ns/op	4214.74 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
	Benchmark/DecodeForward/NonZeros-32      	   35790	     34584 ns/op	30319.92 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op

	Benchmark/EncodeForward/Random-32        	   23042	     53727 ns/op	19516.64 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
	Benchmark/EncodeReverse/Random-32        	    3164	    374590 ns/op	2799.26 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
	Benchmark/DecodeForward/Random-32        	   27241	     58506 ns/op	17922.41 MB/s	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op

EncodeReverse performance is notably slower than EncodeForward
because modern CPU architectures are not as optimized for
reading from memory in reverse.
However, reverse encoding is necessary if appending into
a dst buffer that is identical to the src buffer.
In such a case, the CPU performance hit is worth the benefit
of avoiding an intermediate allocation.
Speeds of GB/s is still plenty fast enough and
magnitudes faster than JSON or CBOR encoding.

Updates #17242
Updates tailscale/corp#21363

Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
2026-07-08 11:48:23 -07:00
2026-07-02 14:12:45 -07:00
2026-06-23 08:35:57 -07:00
2026-01-27 16:15:17 -08:00
2026-06-02 10:59:29 -07:00

Tailscale

https://tailscale.com

Private WireGuard® networks made easy

Overview

This repository contains the majority of Tailscale's open source code. Notably, it includes the tailscaled daemon and the tailscale CLI tool. The tailscaled daemon runs on Linux, Windows, macOS, and to varying degrees on FreeBSD and OpenBSD. The Tailscale iOS and Android apps use this repo's code, but this repo doesn't contain the mobile GUI code.

Other Tailscale repos of note:

For background on which parts of Tailscale are open source and why, see https://tailscale.com/opensource/.

Using

We serve packages for a variety of distros and platforms at https://pkgs.tailscale.com.

Other clients

The macOS, iOS, and Windows clients use the code in this repository but additionally include small GUI wrappers. The GUI wrappers on non-open source platforms are themselves not open source.

Building

We always require the latest Go release, currently Go 1.26. (While we build releases with our Go fork, its use is not required.)

go install tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale{,d}

If you're packaging Tailscale for distribution, use build_dist.sh instead, to burn commit IDs and version info into the binaries:

./build_dist.sh tailscale.com/cmd/tailscale
./build_dist.sh tailscale.com/cmd/tailscaled

If your distro has conventions that preclude the use of build_dist.sh, please do the equivalent of what it does in your distro's way, so that bug reports contain useful version information.

Bugs

Please file any issues about this code or the hosted service on the issue tracker.

Contributing

PRs welcome! But please file bugs. Commit messages should reference bugs.

We require Developer Certificate of Origin Signed-off-by lines in commits.

See commit-messages.md (or skim git log) for our commit message style.

About Us

Tailscale is primarily developed by the people at https://github.com/orgs/tailscale/people. For other contributors, see:

WireGuard is a registered trademark of Jason A. Donenfeld.

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