exo theme

EXO iOS app
2026-02-18 23:06:23 -05:00 · 2026-02-19 04:21:58 +05:00 · 2026-02-18 06:40:07 +05:00
109 changed files with 5673 additions and 687 deletions
--- a/.mlx_typings/mlx_lm/models/glm_moe_dsa.pyi
+++ b/.mlx_typings/mlx_lm/models/glm_moe_dsa.pyi
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-"""Type stubs for mlx_lm.models.glm_moe_dsa"""
-
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
-
-from .base import BaseModelArgs
-from .deepseek_v32 import Model as DSV32Model
-
-@dataclass
-class ModelArgs(BaseModelArgs):
-    model_type: str
-    vocab_size: int
-    hidden_size: int
-    index_head_dim: int
-    index_n_heads: int
-    index_topk: int
-    intermediate_size: int
-    moe_intermediate_size: int
-    num_hidden_layers: int
-    num_attention_heads: int
-    num_key_value_heads: int
-    n_shared_experts: Optional[int]
-    n_routed_experts: Optional[int]
-    routed_scaling_factor: float
-    kv_lora_rank: int
-    q_lora_rank: int
-    qk_rope_head_dim: int
-    v_head_dim: int
-    qk_nope_head_dim: int
-    topk_method: str
-    scoring_func: str
-    norm_topk_prob: bool
-    n_group: int
-    topk_group: int
-    num_experts_per_tok: int
-    moe_layer_freq: int
-    first_k_dense_replace: int
-    max_position_embeddings: int
-    rms_norm_eps: float
-    rope_parameters: Dict[str, Any]
-    attention_bias: bool
-    rope_scaling: Dict[str, Any] | None
-    rope_theta: float | None
-
-class Model(DSV32Model):
-    def __init__(self, config: ModelArgs) -> None: ...
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -141,6 +141,12 @@ version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "76a2e8124351fda1ef8aaaa3bbd7ebbcb486bbcd4225aca0aa0d84bb2db8fecb"

+[[package]]
+name = "arrayvec"
+version = "0.7.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7c02d123df017efcdfbd739ef81735b36c5ba83ec3c59c80a9d7ecc718f92e50"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "asn1-rs"
 version = "0.7.1"
@@ -298,6 +304,19 @@ version = "1.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "55248b47b0caf0546f7988906588779981c43bb1bc9d0c44087278f80cdb44ba"

+[[package]]
+name = "bigdecimal"
+version = "0.4.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "560f42649de9fa436b73517378a147ec21f6c997a546581df4b4b31677828934"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "libm",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bimap"
 version = "0.6.3"
@@ -497,6 +516,15 @@ version = "0.4.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2f421161cb492475f1661ddc9815a745a1c894592070661180fdec3d4872e9c3"

+[[package]]
+name = "convert_case"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "633458d4ef8c78b72454de2d54fd6ab2e60f9e02be22f3c6104cdc8a4e0fceb9"
+dependencies = [
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation"
 version = "0.9.4"
@@ -673,6 +701,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.111",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "delegate"
+version = "0.13.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "780eb241654bf097afb00fc5f054a09b687dad862e485fdcf8399bb056565370"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "der"
 version = "0.7.10"
@@ -707,6 +746,29 @@ dependencies = [
 "powerfmt",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "derive_more"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "10b768e943bed7bf2cab53df09f4bc34bfd217cdb57d971e769874c9a6710618"
+dependencies = [
+ "derive_more-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "derive_more-impl"
+version = "2.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6d286bfdaf75e988b4a78e013ecd79c581e06399ab53fbacd2d916c2f904f30b"
+dependencies = [
+ "convert_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "rustc_version",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
+ "unicode-xid",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "digest"
 version = "0.10.7"
@@ -876,16 +938,25 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "exo_pyo3_bindings"
 version = "0.0.1"
 dependencies = [
+ "delegate",
+ "derive_more",
 "env_logger",
 "extend",
- "futures-lite",
+ "futures",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
+ "libp2p",
 "log",
 "networking",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pin-project",
 "pyo3",
 "pyo3-async-runtimes",
 "pyo3-log",
 "pyo3-stub-gen",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
+ "thread_local",
 "tokio",
+ "util",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1569,6 +1640,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "xmltree",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "impl-trait-for-tuples"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a0eb5a3343abf848c0984fe4604b2b105da9539376e24fc0a3b0007411ae4fd9"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.111",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
 version = "2.12.1"
@@ -1747,6 +1829,12 @@ version = "0.2.178"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "37c93d8daa9d8a012fd8ab92f088405fb202ea0b6ab73ee2482ae66af4f42091"

+[[package]]
+name = "libm"
+version = "0.2.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9fbbcab51052fe104eb5e5d351cf728d30a5be1fe14d9be8a3b097481fb97de"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "libp2p"
 version = "0.56.0"
@@ -2735,13 +2823,20 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "networking"
 version = "0.0.1"
 dependencies = [
+ "delegate",
+ "derive_more",
+ "either",
 "extend",
- "futures-lite",
+ "futures",
+ "futures-timer",
+ "impl-trait-for-tuples",
 "keccak-const",
 "libp2p",
 "log",
+ "thiserror 2.0.17",
 "tokio",
 "tracing-subscriber",
+ "util",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2823,6 +2918,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "num-traits",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "num-rational"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f83d14da390562dca69fc84082e73e548e1ad308d24accdedd2720017cb37824"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -3173,14 +3279,28 @@ version = "0.27.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ab53c047fcd1a1d2a8820fe84f05d6be69e9526be40cb03b73f86b6b03e6d87d"
 dependencies = [
+ "bigdecimal",
+ "either",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "indexmap",
 "indoc",
+ "inventory",
 "libc",
+ "lock_api",
 "memoffset",
+ "num-bigint",
+ "num-complex",
+ "num-rational",
+ "num-traits",
 "once_cell",
+ "ordered-float",
+ "parking_lot",
 "portable-atomic",
 "pyo3-build-config",
 "pyo3-ffi",
 "pyo3-macros",
+ "rust_decimal",
+ "smallvec",
 "unindent",
 ]

@@ -3621,6 +3741,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "tokio",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "rust_decimal"
+version = "1.39.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "35affe401787a9bd846712274d97654355d21b2a2c092a3139aabe31e9022282"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -4485,12 +4615,24 @@ version = "1.0.22"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9312f7c4f6ff9069b165498234ce8be658059c6728633667c526e27dc2cf1df5"

+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-segmentation"
+version = "1.12.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f6ccf251212114b54433ec949fd6a7841275f9ada20dddd2f29e9ceea4501493"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
 version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"

+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode_names2"
 version = "1.3.0"
@@ -4571,6 +4713,10 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "06abde3611657adf66d383f00b093d7faecc7fa57071cce2578660c9f1010821"

+[[package]]
+name = "util"
+version = "0.0.1"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
 version = "1.19.0"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ resolver = "3"
 members = [
    "rust/networking",
    "rust/exo_pyo3_bindings",
+    "rust/util",
 ]

 [workspace.package]
@@ -23,22 +24,51 @@ opt-level = 3
 [workspace.dependencies]
 ## Crate members as common dependencies
 networking = { path = "rust/networking" }
+util = { path = "rust/util" }
+
+# Proc-macro authoring tools
+syn = "2.0"
+quote = "1.0"
+proc-macro2 = "1.0"
+darling = "0.20"

 # Macro dependecies
 extend = "1.2"
 delegate = "0.13"
+impl-trait-for-tuples = "0.2"
+clap = "4.5"
+derive_more = { version = "2.0.1", features = ["display"] }
 pin-project = "1"

 # Utility dependencies
+itertools = "0.14"
+thiserror = "2"
+internment = "0.8"
+recursion = "0.5"
+regex = "1.11"
+once_cell = "1.21"
+thread_local = "1.1"
+bon = "3.4"
+generativity = "1.1"
+anyhow = "1.0"
 keccak-const = "0.2"

+# Functional generics/lenses frameworks
+frunk_core = "0.4"
+frunk = "0.4"
+frunk_utils = "0.2"
+frunk-enum-core = "0.3"
+
 # Async dependencies
 tokio = "1.46"
 futures = "0.3"
+futures-util = "0.3"
 futures-timer = "3.0"

 # Data structures
 either = "1.15"
+ordered-float = "5.0"
+ahash = "0.8"

 # Tracing/logging
 log = "0.4"
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -72,23 +72,16 @@ There are two ways to run exo:

 ### Run from Source (macOS)

-If you have [Nix](https://nixos.org/) installed, you can skip most of the steps below and run exo directly (after accepting the Cachix cache):
-
-```bash
-nix run .#exo
-```
-
 **Prerequisites:**
- [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/) (provides the Metal ToolChain required for MLX compilation)
 - [brew](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew) (for simple package management on macOS)
-
+  
  ```bash
  /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
  ```
 - [uv](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) (for Python dependency management)
 - [macmon](https://github.com/vladkens/macmon) (for hardware monitoring on Apple Silicon)
 - [node](https://github.com/nodejs/node) (for building the dashboard)
-
+  
  ```bash
  brew install uv macmon node
  ```
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
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+	classes = {
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+	objects = {
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+/* End PBXBuildFile section */
+
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+			remoteInfo = "EXO-iOS";
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+/* End PBXContainerItemProxy section */
+
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+			membershipExceptions = (
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+			);
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--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Workspace
+   version = "1.0">
+   <FileRef
+      location = "self:">
+   </FileRef>
+</Workspace>
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/swiftpm/Package.resolved
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.xcodeproj/project.xcworkspace/xcshareddata/swiftpm/Package.resolved
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
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+      "kind" : "remoteSourceControl",
+      "location" : "https://github.com/huggingface/swift-transformers",
+      "state" : {
+        "revision" : "573e5c9036c2f136b3a8a071da8e8907322403d0",
+        "version" : "1.1.6"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "version" : 3
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/AccentColor.colorset/Contents.json
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/AccentColor.colorset/Contents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "colors" : [
+    {
+      "color" : {
+        "color-space" : "srgb",
+        "components" : {
+          "alpha" : "1.000",
+          "blue" : "0x00",
+          "green" : "0xD7",
+          "red" : "0xFF"
+        }
+      },
+      "idiom" : "universal"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/AppIcon.png
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/AppIcon.png
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "filename" : "AppIcon.png",
+      "idiom" : "universal",
+      "platform" : "ios",
+      "size" : "1024x1024"
+    },
+    {
+      "appearances" : [
+        {
+          "appearance" : "luminosity",
+          "value" : "dark"
+        }
+      ],
+      "filename" : "AppIcon.png",
+      "idiom" : "universal",
+      "platform" : "ios",
+      "size" : "1024x1024"
+    },
+    {
+      "appearances" : [
+        {
+          "appearance" : "luminosity",
+          "value" : "tinted"
+        }
+      ],
+      "filename" : "AppIcon.png",
+      "idiom" : "universal",
+      "platform" : "ios",
+      "size" : "1024x1024"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/Contents.json
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/Contents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/ExoLogo.imageset/Contents.json
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/ExoLogo.imageset/Contents.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "filename" : "exo-logo.png",
+      "idiom" : "universal",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "universal",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "universal",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "author" : "xcode",
+    "version" : 1
+  }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/ExoLogo.imageset/exo-logo.png
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Assets.xcassets/ExoLogo.imageset/exo-logo.png
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.entitlements
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS.entitlements
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>com.apple.developer.kernel.increased-memory-limit</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/EXO_iOSApp.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/EXO_iOSApp.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import SwiftUI
+import UIKit
+
+@main
+struct EXO_iOSApp: App {
+    @State private var clusterService = ClusterService()
+    @State private var discoveryService = DiscoveryService()
+    @State private var localInferenceService = LocalInferenceService()
+    @State private var chatService: ChatService?
+
+    init() {
+        let darkGray = UIColor(red: 0x1F / 255.0, green: 0x1F / 255.0, blue: 0x1F / 255.0, alpha: 1)
+        let yellow = UIColor(red: 0xFF / 255.0, green: 0xD7 / 255.0, blue: 0x00 / 255.0, alpha: 1)
+
+        let navAppearance = UINavigationBarAppearance()
+        navAppearance.configureWithOpaqueBackground()
+        navAppearance.backgroundColor = darkGray
+        navAppearance.titleTextAttributes = [
+            .foregroundColor: yellow,
+            .font: UIFont.monospacedSystemFont(ofSize: 17, weight: .semibold),
+        ]
+        navAppearance.largeTitleTextAttributes = [
+            .foregroundColor: yellow,
+            .font: UIFont.monospacedSystemFont(ofSize: 34, weight: .bold),
+        ]
+
+        UINavigationBar.appearance().standardAppearance = navAppearance
+        UINavigationBar.appearance().compactAppearance = navAppearance
+        UINavigationBar.appearance().scrollEdgeAppearance = navAppearance
+        UINavigationBar.appearance().tintColor = yellow
+    }
+
+    var body: some Scene {
+        WindowGroup {
+            if let chatService {
+                RootView()
+                    .environment(clusterService)
+                    .environment(discoveryService)
+                    .environment(chatService)
+                    .environment(localInferenceService)
+                    .preferredColorScheme(.dark)
+                    .task {
+                        await clusterService.attemptAutoReconnect()
+                        discoveryService.startBrowsing()
+                        await localInferenceService.prepareModel()
+                    }
+                    .onChange(of: discoveryService.discoveredClusters) { _, clusters in
+                        guard !clusterService.isConnected,
+                            case .disconnected = clusterService.connectionState,
+                            let first = clusters.first
+                        else { return }
+                        Task {
+                            await clusterService.connectToDiscoveredCluster(
+                                first, using: discoveryService)
+                        }
+                    }
+            } else {
+                Color.exoBlack.onAppear {
+                    chatService = ChatService(
+                        clusterService: clusterService,
+                        localInferenceService: localInferenceService
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Info.plist
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>UIUserInterfaceStyle</key>
+	<string>Dark</string>
+	<key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
+	<string>EXO</string>
+	<key>NSLocalNetworkUsageDescription</key>
+	<string>EXO needs local network access to connect to your EXO cluster.</string>
+	<key>NSBonjourServices</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>_exo._tcp</string>
+		<string>_p2p._tcp</string>
+		<string>_p2p._udp</string>
+		<string>_libp2p._udp</string>
+	</array>
+</dict>
+</plist>
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/ChatCompletionTypes.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/ChatCompletionTypes.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import Foundation
+
+// MARK: - Request
+
+struct ChatCompletionRequest: Encodable {
+    let model: String
+    let messages: [ChatCompletionMessageParam]
+    let stream: Bool
+    let maxTokens: Int?
+    let temperature: Double?
+
+    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+        case model, messages, stream, temperature
+        case maxTokens = "max_tokens"
+    }
+}
+
+struct ChatCompletionMessageParam: Encodable {
+    let role: String
+    let content: String
+}
+
+// MARK: - Streaming Response
+
+struct ChatCompletionChunk: Decodable {
+    let id: String
+    let model: String?
+    let choices: [StreamingChoice]
+    let usage: ChunkUsage?
+
+    init(id: String, model: String?, choices: [StreamingChoice], usage: ChunkUsage?) {
+        self.id = id
+        self.model = model
+        self.choices = choices
+        self.usage = usage
+    }
+}
+
+struct StreamingChoice: Decodable {
+    let index: Int
+    let delta: Delta
+    let finishReason: String?
+
+    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+        case index, delta
+        case finishReason = "finish_reason"
+    }
+
+    init(index: Int, delta: Delta, finishReason: String?) {
+        self.index = index
+        self.delta = delta
+        self.finishReason = finishReason
+    }
+}
+
+struct Delta: Decodable {
+    let role: String?
+    let content: String?
+
+    init(role: String?, content: String?) {
+        self.role = role
+        self.content = content
+    }
+}
+
+struct ChunkUsage: Decodable {
+    let promptTokens: Int?
+    let completionTokens: Int?
+    let totalTokens: Int?
+
+    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+        case promptTokens = "prompt_tokens"
+        case completionTokens = "completion_tokens"
+        case totalTokens = "total_tokens"
+    }
+
+    init(promptTokens: Int?, completionTokens: Int?, totalTokens: Int?) {
+        self.promptTokens = promptTokens
+        self.completionTokens = completionTokens
+        self.totalTokens = totalTokens
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Non-Streaming Response
+
+struct ChatCompletionResponse: Decodable {
+    let id: String
+    let model: String?
+    let choices: [ResponseChoice]
+}
+
+struct ResponseChoice: Decodable {
+    let index: Int
+    let message: ResponseMessage
+    let finishReason: String?
+
+    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
+        case index, message
+        case finishReason = "finish_reason"
+    }
+}
+
+struct ResponseMessage: Decodable {
+    let role: String?
+    let content: String?
+}
+
+// MARK: - Models List
+
+struct ModelListResponse: Decodable {
+    let data: [ModelInfo]
+}
+
+struct ModelInfo: Decodable, Identifiable {
+    let id: String
+    let name: String?
+}
+
+// MARK: - Error
+
+struct APIErrorResponse: Decodable {
+    let error: APIErrorInfo
+}
+
+struct APIErrorInfo: Decodable {
+    let message: String
+    let type: String?
+    let code: Int?
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/ChatMessage.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/ChatMessage.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct ChatMessage: Identifiable, Equatable {
+    let id: UUID
+    let role: Role
+    var content: String
+    let timestamp: Date
+    var isStreaming: Bool
+
+    enum Role: String, Codable {
+        case user
+        case assistant
+        case system
+    }
+
+    init(
+        id: UUID = UUID(), role: Role, content: String, timestamp: Date = Date(),
+        isStreaming: Bool = false
+    ) {
+        self.id = id
+        self.role = role
+        self.content = content
+        self.timestamp = timestamp
+        self.isStreaming = isStreaming
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/ConnectionInfo.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/ConnectionInfo.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct ConnectionInfo: Codable, Equatable {
+    let host: String
+    let port: Int
+    let nodeId: String?
+
+    var baseURL: URL { URL(string: "http://\(host):\(port)")! }
+
+    static let defaultPort = 52415
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/Conversation.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Models/Conversation.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct Conversation: Identifiable, Codable, Equatable {
+    let id: UUID
+    var title: String
+    var messages: [StoredMessage]
+    var modelId: String?
+    let createdAt: Date
+
+    init(
+        id: UUID = UUID(), title: String = "New Chat", messages: [StoredMessage] = [],
+        modelId: String? = nil, createdAt: Date = Date()
+    ) {
+        self.id = id
+        self.title = title
+        self.messages = messages
+        self.modelId = modelId
+        self.createdAt = createdAt
+    }
+}
+
+struct StoredMessage: Identifiable, Codable, Equatable {
+    let id: UUID
+    let role: String
+    var content: String
+    let timestamp: Date
+
+    init(id: UUID = UUID(), role: String, content: String, timestamp: Date = Date()) {
+        self.id = id
+        self.role = role
+        self.content = content
+        self.timestamp = timestamp
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/ChatService.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/ChatService.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+import Foundation
+
+@Observable
+@MainActor
+final class ChatService {
+    var conversations: [Conversation] = []
+    var activeConversationId: UUID?
+    private(set) var isGenerating: Bool = false
+    private var currentGenerationTask: Task<Void, Never>?
+
+    private let clusterService: ClusterService
+    private let localInferenceService: LocalInferenceService
+
+    var canSendMessage: Bool {
+        clusterService.isConnected || localInferenceService.isAvailable
+    }
+
+    var activeConversation: Conversation? {
+        guard let id = activeConversationId else { return nil }
+        return conversations.first { $0.id == id }
+    }
+
+    var activeMessages: [ChatMessage] {
+        guard let conversation = activeConversation else { return [] }
+        return conversation.messages.map { stored in
+            ChatMessage(
+                id: stored.id,
+                role: ChatMessage.Role(rawValue: stored.role) ?? .user,
+                content: stored.content,
+                timestamp: stored.timestamp
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    init(clusterService: ClusterService, localInferenceService: LocalInferenceService) {
+        self.clusterService = clusterService
+        self.localInferenceService = localInferenceService
+        loadConversations()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Conversation Management
+
+    func createConversation(modelId: String? = nil) {
+        let conversation = Conversation(
+            modelId: modelId ?? clusterService.availableModels.first?.id)
+        conversations.insert(conversation, at: 0)
+        activeConversationId = conversation.id
+        saveConversations()
+    }
+
+    func deleteConversation(id: UUID) {
+        conversations.removeAll { $0.id == id }
+        if activeConversationId == id {
+            activeConversationId = conversations.first?.id
+        }
+        saveConversations()
+    }
+
+    func setActiveConversation(id: UUID) {
+        activeConversationId = id
+    }
+
+    func setModelForActiveConversation(_ modelId: String) {
+        guard let index = conversations.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == activeConversationId }) else {
+            return
+        }
+        conversations[index].modelId = modelId
+        saveConversations()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Messaging
+
+    func sendMessage(_ text: String) {
+        guard !text.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).isEmpty else { return }
+
+        if activeConversation == nil {
+            createConversation()
+        }
+
+        guard let index = conversations.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == activeConversationId }) else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        let userMessage = StoredMessage(role: "user", content: text)
+        conversations[index].messages.append(userMessage)
+
+        if conversations[index].title == "New Chat" {
+            let preview = String(text.prefix(40))
+            conversations[index].title = preview + (text.count > 40 ? "..." : "")
+        }
+
+        let modelId: String
+        if clusterService.isConnected {
+            guard
+                let clusterId = conversations[index].modelId
+                    ?? clusterService.availableModels.first?.id
+            else {
+                let errorMessage = StoredMessage(
+                    role: "assistant", content: "No model selected. Please select a model first.")
+                conversations[index].messages.append(errorMessage)
+                saveConversations()
+                return
+            }
+            modelId = clusterId
+        } else if localInferenceService.isAvailable {
+            modelId = localInferenceService.defaultModelId
+        } else {
+            let errorMessage = StoredMessage(
+                role: "assistant",
+                content: "Not connected to a cluster and local model is not available.")
+            conversations[index].messages.append(errorMessage)
+            saveConversations()
+            return
+        }
+
+        conversations[index].modelId = modelId
+
+        let assistantMessageId = UUID()
+        let assistantMessage = StoredMessage(
+            id: assistantMessageId, role: "assistant", content: "", timestamp: Date())
+        conversations[index].messages.append(assistantMessage)
+
+        let messagesForAPI = conversations[index].messages.dropLast().map { stored in
+            ChatCompletionMessageParam(role: stored.role, content: stored.content)
+        }
+
+        let request = ChatCompletionRequest(
+            model: modelId,
+            messages: Array(messagesForAPI),
+            stream: true,
+            maxTokens: 4096,
+            temperature: nil
+        )
+
+        let conversationId = conversations[index].id
+
+        isGenerating = true
+        currentGenerationTask = Task { [weak self] in
+            guard let self else { return }
+            await self.performStreaming(
+                request: request, conversationId: conversationId,
+                assistantMessageId: assistantMessageId)
+        }
+
+        saveConversations()
+    }
+
+    func cancelGeneration() {
+        currentGenerationTask?.cancel()
+        currentGenerationTask = nil
+        localInferenceService.cancelGeneration()
+        isGenerating = false
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Streaming
+
+    private func performStreaming(
+        request: ChatCompletionRequest, conversationId: UUID, assistantMessageId: UUID
+    ) async {
+        defer {
+            isGenerating = false
+            currentGenerationTask = nil
+            saveConversations()
+        }
+
+        do {
+            let stream =
+                clusterService.isConnected
+                ? clusterService.streamChatCompletion(request: request)
+                : localInferenceService.streamChatCompletion(request: request)
+            for try await chunk in stream {
+                guard !Task.isCancelled else { return }
+                guard let content = chunk.choices.first?.delta.content, !content.isEmpty else {
+                    continue
+                }
+
+                if let convIndex = conversations.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == conversationId }),
+                    let msgIndex = conversations[convIndex].messages.firstIndex(where: {
+                        $0.id == assistantMessageId
+                    })
+                {
+                    conversations[convIndex].messages[msgIndex].content += content
+                }
+            }
+        } catch {
+            if !Task.isCancelled {
+                if let convIndex = conversations.firstIndex(where: { $0.id == conversationId }),
+                    let msgIndex = conversations[convIndex].messages.firstIndex(where: {
+                        $0.id == assistantMessageId
+                    })
+                {
+                    if conversations[convIndex].messages[msgIndex].content.isEmpty {
+                        conversations[convIndex].messages[msgIndex].content =
+                            "Error: \(error.localizedDescription)"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Persistence
+
+    private static var storageURL: URL {
+        let documents = FileManager.default.urls(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask)
+            .first!
+        return documents.appendingPathComponent("exo_conversations.json")
+    }
+
+    private func saveConversations() {
+        do {
+            let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(conversations)
+            try data.write(to: Self.storageURL, options: .atomic)
+        } catch {
+            // Save failed silently
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func loadConversations() {
+        do {
+            let data = try Data(contentsOf: Self.storageURL)
+            conversations = try JSONDecoder().decode([Conversation].self, from: data)
+            activeConversationId = conversations.first?.id
+        } catch {
+            conversations = []
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/ClusterService.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/ClusterService.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum ConnectionState: Equatable {
+    case disconnected
+    case connecting
+    case connected(ConnectionInfo)
+}
+
+struct ModelOption: Identifiable, Equatable {
+    let id: String
+    let displayName: String
+}
+
+@Observable
+@MainActor
+final class ClusterService {
+    private(set) var connectionState: ConnectionState = .disconnected
+    private(set) var availableModels: [ModelOption] = []
+    private(set) var lastError: String?
+
+    private let session: URLSession
+    private let decoder: JSONDecoder
+    private var pollingTask: Task<Void, Never>?
+
+    private static let connectionInfoKey = "exo_last_connection_info"
+
+    var isConnected: Bool {
+        if case .connected = connectionState { return true }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    var currentConnection: ConnectionInfo? {
+        if case .connected(let info) = connectionState { return info }
+        return nil
+    }
+
+    init(session: URLSession = .shared) {
+        self.session = session
+        let decoder = JSONDecoder()
+        self.decoder = decoder
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Connection
+
+    func connect(to info: ConnectionInfo) async {
+        connectionState = .connecting
+        lastError = nil
+
+        do {
+            let url = info.baseURL.appendingPathComponent("node_id")
+            var request = URLRequest(url: url)
+            request.timeoutInterval = 5
+            request.cachePolicy = .reloadIgnoringLocalCacheData
+            let (_, response) = try await session.data(for: request)
+
+            guard let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse,
+                (200..<300).contains(httpResponse.statusCode)
+            else {
+                throw URLError(.badServerResponse)
+            }
+
+            connectionState = .connected(info)
+            persistConnection(info)
+            startPolling()
+            await fetchModels(baseURL: info.baseURL)
+        } catch {
+            connectionState = .disconnected
+            lastError = "Could not connect to \(info.host):\(info.port)"
+        }
+    }
+
+    func connectToDiscoveredCluster(
+        _ cluster: DiscoveredCluster, using discoveryService: DiscoveryService
+    ) async {
+        guard case .disconnected = connectionState else { return }
+        connectionState = .connecting
+        lastError = nil
+
+        guard let info = await discoveryService.resolve(cluster) else {
+            connectionState = .disconnected
+            lastError = "Could not resolve \(cluster.name)"
+            return
+        }
+        connectionState = .disconnected  // reset so connect() can proceed
+        await connect(to: info)
+    }
+
+    func disconnect() {
+        stopPolling()
+        connectionState = .disconnected
+        availableModels = []
+        lastError = nil
+    }
+
+    func attemptAutoReconnect() async {
+        guard case .disconnected = connectionState,
+            let info = loadPersistedConnection()
+        else { return }
+        await connect(to: info)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Polling
+
+    private func startPolling(interval: TimeInterval = 2.0) {
+        stopPolling()
+        pollingTask = Task { [weak self] in
+            while !Task.isCancelled {
+                try? await Task.sleep(for: .seconds(interval))
+                guard let self, !Task.isCancelled else { return }
+                guard let connection = self.currentConnection else { return }
+                await self.fetchModels(baseURL: connection.baseURL)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func stopPolling() {
+        pollingTask?.cancel()
+        pollingTask = nil
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - API
+
+    private func fetchModels(baseURL: URL) async {
+        do {
+            let url = baseURL.appendingPathComponent("models")
+            var request = URLRequest(url: url)
+            request.cachePolicy = .reloadIgnoringLocalCacheData
+            let (data, response) = try await session.data(for: request)
+
+            guard let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse,
+                (200..<300).contains(httpResponse.statusCode)
+            else { return }
+
+            let list = try decoder.decode(ModelListResponse.self, from: data)
+            availableModels = list.data.map {
+                ModelOption(id: $0.id, displayName: $0.name ?? $0.id)
+            }
+        } catch {
+            // Models fetch failed silently — will retry on next poll
+        }
+    }
+
+    func streamChatCompletion(request body: ChatCompletionRequest) -> AsyncThrowingStream<
+        ChatCompletionChunk, Error
+    > {
+        AsyncThrowingStream { continuation in
+            let task = Task { [weak self] in
+                guard let self, let connection = self.currentConnection else {
+                    continuation.finish(throwing: URLError(.notConnectedToInternet))
+                    return
+                }
+
+                do {
+                    let url = connection.baseURL.appendingPathComponent("v1/chat/completions")
+                    var request = URLRequest(url: url)
+                    request.httpMethod = "POST"
+                    request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
+                    request.httpBody = try JSONEncoder().encode(body)
+
+                    let (bytes, response) = try await self.session.bytes(for: request)
+
+                    guard let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse,
+                        (200..<300).contains(httpResponse.statusCode)
+                    else {
+                        continuation.finish(throwing: URLError(.badServerResponse))
+                        return
+                    }
+
+                    let parser = SSEStreamParser<ChatCompletionChunk>(
+                        bytes: bytes, decoder: self.decoder)
+                    for try await chunk in parser {
+                        continuation.yield(chunk)
+                    }
+                    continuation.finish()
+                } catch {
+                    continuation.finish(throwing: error)
+                }
+            }
+
+            continuation.onTermination = { _ in
+                task.cancel()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Persistence
+
+    private func persistConnection(_ info: ConnectionInfo) {
+        if let data = try? JSONEncoder().encode(info) {
+            UserDefaults.standard.set(data, forKey: Self.connectionInfoKey)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func loadPersistedConnection() -> ConnectionInfo? {
+        guard let data = UserDefaults.standard.data(forKey: Self.connectionInfoKey) else {
+            return nil
+        }
+        return try? JSONDecoder().decode(ConnectionInfo.self, from: data)
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/DiscoveryService.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/DiscoveryService.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import Foundation
+import Network
+import os
+
+struct DiscoveredCluster: Identifiable, Equatable {
+    let id: String
+    let name: String
+    let endpoint: NWEndpoint
+
+    static func == (lhs: DiscoveredCluster, rhs: DiscoveredCluster) -> Bool {
+        lhs.id == rhs.id && lhs.name == rhs.name
+    }
+}
+
+@Observable
+@MainActor
+final class DiscoveryService {
+    private(set) var discoveredClusters: [DiscoveredCluster] = []
+    private(set) var isSearching = false
+
+    private var browser: NWBrowser?
+
+    func startBrowsing() {
+        guard browser == nil else { return }
+
+        let browser = NWBrowser(for: .bonjour(type: "_exo._tcp", domain: nil), using: .tcp)
+
+        browser.stateUpdateHandler = { [weak self] state in
+            guard let service = self else { return }
+            Task { @MainActor in
+                switch state {
+                case .ready:
+                    service.isSearching = true
+                case .failed, .cancelled:
+                    service.isSearching = false
+                default:
+                    break
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        browser.browseResultsChangedHandler = { [weak self] results, _ in
+            guard let service = self else { return }
+            Task { @MainActor in
+                service.discoveredClusters = results.compactMap { result in
+                    guard case .service(let name, _, _, _) = result.endpoint else {
+                        return nil
+                    }
+                    return DiscoveredCluster(
+                        id: name,
+                        name: name,
+                        endpoint: result.endpoint
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        browser.start(queue: .main)
+        self.browser = browser
+    }
+
+    func stopBrowsing() {
+        browser?.cancel()
+        browser = nil
+        isSearching = false
+        discoveredClusters = []
+    }
+
+    /// Resolve a discovered Bonjour endpoint to an IP address and port, then return a ConnectionInfo.
+    func resolve(_ cluster: DiscoveredCluster) async -> ConnectionInfo? {
+        await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
+            let didResume = OSAllocatedUnfairLock(initialState: false)
+            let connection = NWConnection(to: cluster.endpoint, using: .tcp)
+            connection.stateUpdateHandler = { state in
+                guard
+                    didResume.withLock({
+                        guard !$0 else { return false }
+                        $0 = true
+                        return true
+                    })
+                else { return }
+                switch state {
+                case .ready:
+                    if let innerEndpoint = connection.currentPath?.remoteEndpoint,
+                        case .hostPort(let host, let port) = innerEndpoint
+                    {
+                        var hostString: String
+                        switch host {
+                        case .ipv4(let addr):
+                            hostString = "\(addr)"
+                        case .ipv6(let addr):
+                            hostString = "\(addr)"
+                        case .name(let name, _):
+                            hostString = name
+                        @unknown default:
+                            hostString = "\(host)"
+                        }
+                        // Strip interface scope suffix (e.g. "%en0")
+                        if let pct = hostString.firstIndex(of: "%") {
+                            hostString = String(hostString[..<pct])
+                        }
+                        let info = ConnectionInfo(
+                            host: hostString,
+                            port: Int(port.rawValue),
+                            nodeId: nil
+                        )
+                        connection.cancel()
+                        continuation.resume(returning: info)
+                    } else {
+                        connection.cancel()
+                        continuation.resume(returning: nil)
+                    }
+                case .failed, .cancelled:
+                    continuation.resume(returning: nil)
+                default:
+                    // Not a terminal state — allow future callbacks
+                    didResume.withLock { $0 = false }
+                }
+            }
+            connection.start(queue: .global(qos: .userInitiated))
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/LocalInferenceService.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/LocalInferenceService.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import Foundation
+import MLXLLM
+import MLXLMCommon
+
+enum LocalModelState: Equatable {
+    case notDownloaded
+    case downloading(progress: Double)
+    case downloaded
+    case loading
+    case ready
+    case generating
+    case error(String)
+}
+
+@Observable
+@MainActor
+final class LocalInferenceService {
+    private(set) var modelState: LocalModelState = .notDownloaded
+    private var modelContainer: ModelContainer?
+    private var generationTask: Task<Void, Never>?
+
+    let defaultModelId = "mlx-community/Qwen3-0.6B-4bit"
+
+    private static let modelDownloadedKey = "exo_local_model_downloaded"
+
+    var isReady: Bool {
+        modelState == .ready
+    }
+
+    var isAvailable: Bool {
+        modelState == .ready || modelState == .generating
+    }
+
+    init() {
+        if UserDefaults.standard.bool(forKey: Self.modelDownloadedKey) {
+            modelState = .downloaded
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Model Lifecycle
+
+    func prepareModel() async {
+        guard modelState == .notDownloaded || modelState == .downloaded else { return }
+
+        let wasDownloaded = modelState == .downloaded
+
+        if !wasDownloaded {
+            modelState = .downloading(progress: 0)
+        } else {
+            modelState = .loading
+        }
+
+        do {
+            let container = try await loadModelContainer(
+                id: defaultModelId
+            ) { [weak self] progress in
+                guard let self else { return }
+                Task { @MainActor in
+                    if case .downloading = self.modelState {
+                        self.modelState = .downloading(progress: progress.fractionCompleted)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            self.modelContainer = container
+            UserDefaults.standard.set(true, forKey: Self.modelDownloadedKey)
+            modelState = .ready
+        } catch {
+            modelState = .error(error.localizedDescription)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func unloadModel() {
+        cancelGeneration()
+        modelContainer = nil
+        modelState = .downloaded
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Generation
+
+    func streamChatCompletion(request: ChatCompletionRequest) -> AsyncThrowingStream<
+        ChatCompletionChunk, Error
+    > {
+        AsyncThrowingStream { continuation in
+            let task = Task { [weak self] in
+                guard let self else {
+                    continuation.finish(throwing: LocalInferenceError.serviceUnavailable)
+                    return
+                }
+
+                guard let container = self.modelContainer else {
+                    continuation.finish(throwing: LocalInferenceError.modelNotLoaded)
+                    return
+                }
+
+                await MainActor.run {
+                    self.modelState = .generating
+                }
+
+                defer {
+                    Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+                        if self?.modelState == .generating {
+                            self?.modelState = .ready
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                let chunkId = "local-\(UUID().uuidString)"
+
+                do {
+                    // Build Chat.Message array from the request
+                    var chatMessages: [Chat.Message] = []
+                    for msg in request.messages {
+                        switch msg.role {
+                        case "system":
+                            chatMessages.append(.system(msg.content))
+                        case "assistant":
+                            chatMessages.append(.assistant(msg.content))
+                        default:
+                            chatMessages.append(.user(msg.content))
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Use ChatSession for streaming generation
+                    let session = ChatSession(
+                        container,
+                        history: chatMessages,
+                        generateParameters: GenerateParameters(
+                            maxTokens: request.maxTokens ?? 4096,
+                            temperature: Float(request.temperature ?? 0.7)
+                        )
+                    )
+
+                    // Stream with an empty prompt since history already contains the conversation
+                    let stream = session.streamResponse(to: "")
+                    for try await text in stream {
+                        if Task.isCancelled { break }
+
+                        let chunk = ChatCompletionChunk(
+                            id: chunkId,
+                            model: request.model,
+                            choices: [
+                                StreamingChoice(
+                                    index: 0,
+                                    delta: Delta(role: nil, content: text),
+                                    finishReason: nil
+                                )
+                            ],
+                            usage: nil
+                        )
+                        continuation.yield(chunk)
+                    }
+
+                    // Send final chunk with finish reason
+                    let finalChunk = ChatCompletionChunk(
+                        id: chunkId,
+                        model: request.model,
+                        choices: [
+                            StreamingChoice(
+                                index: 0,
+                                delta: Delta(role: nil, content: nil),
+                                finishReason: "stop"
+                            )
+                        ],
+                        usage: nil
+                    )
+                    continuation.yield(finalChunk)
+                    continuation.finish()
+                } catch {
+                    continuation.finish(throwing: error)
+                }
+            }
+
+            self.generationTask = task
+
+            continuation.onTermination = { _ in
+                task.cancel()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func cancelGeneration() {
+        generationTask?.cancel()
+        generationTask = nil
+        if modelState == .generating {
+            modelState = .ready
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum LocalInferenceError: LocalizedError {
+    case serviceUnavailable
+    case modelNotLoaded
+
+    var errorDescription: String? {
+        switch self {
+        case .serviceUnavailable: "Local inference service is unavailable"
+        case .modelNotLoaded: "Local model is not loaded"
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/SSEStreamParser.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Services/SSEStreamParser.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct SSEStreamParser<T: Decodable>: AsyncSequence {
+    typealias Element = T
+
+    let bytes: URLSession.AsyncBytes
+    let decoder: JSONDecoder
+
+    init(bytes: URLSession.AsyncBytes, decoder: JSONDecoder = JSONDecoder()) {
+        self.bytes = bytes
+        self.decoder = decoder
+    }
+
+    func makeAsyncIterator() -> AsyncIterator {
+        AsyncIterator(lines: bytes.lines, decoder: decoder)
+    }
+
+    struct AsyncIterator: AsyncIteratorProtocol {
+        var lines: AsyncLineSequence<URLSession.AsyncBytes>.AsyncIterator
+        let decoder: JSONDecoder
+
+        init(lines: AsyncLineSequence<URLSession.AsyncBytes>, decoder: JSONDecoder) {
+            self.lines = lines.makeAsyncIterator()
+            self.decoder = decoder
+        }
+
+        mutating func next() async throws -> T? {
+            while let line = try await lines.next() {
+                let trimmed = line.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespaces)
+
+                guard trimmed.hasPrefix("data: ") else { continue }
+
+                let payload = String(trimmed.dropFirst(6))
+
+                if payload == "[DONE]" {
+                    return nil
+                }
+
+                guard let data = payload.data(using: .utf8) else { continue }
+
+                do {
+                    return try decoder.decode(T.self, from: data)
+                } catch {
+                    continue
+                }
+            }
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Chat/ChatView.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Chat/ChatView.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct ChatView: View {
+    @Environment(ClusterService.self) private var clusterService
+    @Environment(ChatService.self) private var chatService
+    @Environment(LocalInferenceService.self) private var localInferenceService
+    @State private var inputText = ""
+    @State private var showModelSelector = false
+
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 0) {
+            modelBar
+
+            GradientDivider()
+
+            messageList
+
+            GradientDivider()
+
+            inputBar
+        }
+        .background(Color.exoBlack)
+        .sheet(isPresented: $showModelSelector) {
+            ModelSelectorView(
+                models: clusterService.availableModels,
+                selectedModelId: chatService.activeConversation?.modelId
+            ) { modelId in
+                chatService.setModelForActiveConversation(modelId)
+            }
+            .presentationBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Model Bar
+
+    private var useLocalModel: Bool {
+        !clusterService.isConnected && localInferenceService.isAvailable
+    }
+
+    private var modelBar: some View {
+        Button {
+            if !useLocalModel {
+                showModelSelector = true
+            }
+        } label: {
+            HStack {
+                Image(systemName: useLocalModel ? "iphone" : "cpu")
+                    .font(.exoCaption)
+                    .foregroundStyle(useLocalModel ? Color.exoYellow : Color.exoLightGray)
+
+                if useLocalModel {
+                    Text(localInferenceService.defaultModelId)
+                        .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                        .lineLimit(1)
+                } else if let modelId = chatService.activeConversation?.modelId {
+                    Text(modelId)
+                        .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                        .lineLimit(1)
+                } else {
+                    Text("SELECT MODEL")
+                        .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                        .tracking(1.5)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                }
+
+                Spacer()
+
+                if useLocalModel {
+                    Text("ON-DEVICE")
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .tracking(1)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+                        .padding(.horizontal, 6)
+                        .padding(.vertical, 2)
+                        .background(Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.15))
+                        .clipShape(Capsule())
+                } else {
+                    Image(systemName: "chevron.right")
+                        .font(.caption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                }
+            }
+            .padding(.horizontal)
+            .padding(.vertical, 10)
+            .background(Color.exoDarkGray)
+        }
+        .tint(.primary)
+        .disabled(useLocalModel)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Messages
+
+    private var messageList: some View {
+        ScrollViewReader { proxy in
+            ScrollView {
+                LazyVStack(spacing: 12) {
+                    if chatService.activeMessages.isEmpty {
+                        emptyState
+                    } else {
+                        ForEach(chatService.activeMessages) { message in
+                            MessageBubbleView(message: message)
+                                .id(message.id)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                .padding()
+            }
+            .background(Color.exoBlack)
+            .onChange(of: chatService.activeMessages.last?.content) {
+                if let lastId = chatService.activeMessages.last?.id {
+                    withAnimation(.easeOut(duration: 0.2)) {
+                        proxy.scrollTo(lastId, anchor: .bottom)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var emptyState: some View {
+        VStack(spacing: 16) {
+            Spacer(minLength: 80)
+
+            ZStack {
+                Circle()
+                    .stroke(Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.15), lineWidth: 1)
+                    .frame(width: 80, height: 80)
+                Circle()
+                    .stroke(Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.3), lineWidth: 1)
+                    .frame(width: 56, height: 56)
+                Circle()
+                    .fill(Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.15))
+                    .frame(width: 32, height: 32)
+                Circle()
+                    .fill(Color.exoYellow)
+                    .frame(width: 8, height: 8)
+                    .shadow(color: Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.6), radius: 6)
+            }
+
+            Text("AWAITING INPUT")
+                .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                .tracking(3)
+                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+
+            Text("Send a message to begin.")
+                .font(.exoCaption)
+                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray.opacity(0.6))
+
+            Spacer(minLength: 80)
+        }
+        .padding()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Input
+
+    private var inputBar: some View {
+        HStack(alignment: .bottom, spacing: 8) {
+            TextField("Message...", text: $inputText, axis: .vertical)
+                .font(.exoBody)
+                .lineLimit(1...6)
+                .textFieldStyle(.plain)
+                .padding(10)
+                .background(Color.exoMediumGray)
+                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8))
+
+            if chatService.isGenerating {
+                Button {
+                    chatService.cancelGeneration()
+                } label: {
+                    Image(systemName: "stop.circle.fill")
+                        .font(.title2)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoDestructive)
+                }
+            } else {
+                Button {
+                    let text = inputText
+                    inputText = ""
+                    chatService.sendMessage(text)
+                } label: {
+                    Text("SEND")
+                        .font(.exoMono(12, weight: .bold))
+                        .tracking(1)
+                        .foregroundStyle(canSend ? Color.exoBlack : Color.exoLightGray)
+                        .padding(.horizontal, 14)
+                        .padding(.vertical, 8)
+                        .background(canSend ? Color.exoYellow : Color.exoMediumGray)
+                        .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8))
+                }
+                .disabled(!canSend)
+            }
+        }
+        .padding(.horizontal)
+        .padding(.vertical, 8)
+        .background(Color.exoDarkGray)
+    }
+
+    private var canSend: Bool {
+        !inputText.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).isEmpty
+            && (clusterService.isConnected || localInferenceService.isAvailable)
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Chat/MessageBubbleView.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Chat/MessageBubbleView.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct MessageBubbleView: View {
+    let message: ChatMessage
+
+    private var isAssistant: Bool { message.role == .assistant }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        HStack {
+            if message.role == .user { Spacer(minLength: 48) }
+
+            VStack(alignment: isAssistant ? .leading : .trailing, spacing: 6) {
+                // Header
+                HStack(spacing: 4) {
+                    if isAssistant {
+                        Circle()
+                            .fill(Color.exoYellow)
+                            .frame(width: 6, height: 6)
+                            .shadow(color: Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.6), radius: 4)
+                        Text("EXO")
+                            .font(.exoMono(10, weight: .bold))
+                            .tracking(1.5)
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+                    } else {
+                        Text("QUERY")
+                            .font(.exoMono(10, weight: .medium))
+                            .tracking(1.5)
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Bubble
+                HStack(spacing: 0) {
+                    if isAssistant {
+                        RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 1)
+                            .fill(Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.5))
+                            .frame(width: 2)
+                    }
+
+                    Text(message.content + (message.isStreaming ? " \u{258C}" : ""))
+                        .font(.exoBody)
+                        .textSelection(.enabled)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                        .padding(.horizontal, 14)
+                        .padding(.vertical, 10)
+                }
+                .background(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                .clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 8))
+            }
+
+            if isAssistant { Spacer(minLength: 48) }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Chat/ModelSelectorView.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Chat/ModelSelectorView.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct ModelSelectorView: View {
+    let models: [ModelOption]
+    let selectedModelId: String?
+    let onSelect: (String) -> Void
+    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
+
+    var body: some View {
+        NavigationStack {
+            List {
+                if models.isEmpty {
+                    emptyContent
+                } else {
+                    modelsList
+                }
+            }
+            .scrollContentBackground(.hidden)
+            .background(Color.exoBlack)
+            .navigationTitle("SELECT MODEL")
+            .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+            .toolbar {
+                ToolbarItem(placement: .cancellationAction) {
+                    Button("Cancel") { dismiss() }
+                        .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var emptyContent: some View {
+        ContentUnavailableView(
+            "No Models Available",
+            systemImage: "cpu",
+            description: Text("Connect to an EXO cluster to see available models.")
+        )
+        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+        .listRowBackground(Color.exoBlack)
+    }
+
+    private var modelsList: some View {
+        ForEach(models) { model in
+            Button {
+                onSelect(model.id)
+                dismiss()
+            } label: {
+                modelRow(model)
+            }
+            .tint(.primary)
+            .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func modelRow(_ model: ModelOption) -> some View {
+        HStack {
+            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2) {
+                Text(model.displayName)
+                    .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                Text(model.id)
+                    .font(.exoCaption)
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+            }
+
+            Spacer()
+
+            if model.id == selectedModelId {
+                Image(systemName: "checkmark")
+                    .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Components/ConnectionStatusBadge.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Components/ConnectionStatusBadge.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct ConnectionStatusBadge: View {
+    let connectionState: ConnectionState
+    var localModelState: LocalModelState = .notDownloaded
+
+    private var isLocalReady: Bool {
+        if case .disconnected = connectionState {
+            return localModelState == .ready || localModelState == .generating
+        }
+        return false
+    }
+
+    var body: some View {
+        HStack(spacing: 6) {
+            Circle()
+                .fill(dotColor)
+                .frame(width: 8, height: 8)
+                .shadow(color: dotColor.opacity(0.6), radius: 4)
+
+            Text(label.uppercased())
+                .font(.exoMono(10, weight: .medium))
+                .tracking(1)
+                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+        }
+        .padding(.horizontal, 10)
+        .padding(.vertical, 5)
+        .background(backgroundColor)
+        .clipShape(Capsule())
+        .overlay(
+            Capsule()
+                .stroke(dotColor.opacity(0.3), lineWidth: 1)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private var dotColor: Color {
+        if isLocalReady {
+            return .exoYellow
+        }
+        switch connectionState {
+        case .connected: return .green
+        case .connecting: return .orange
+        case .disconnected: return .exoLightGray
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var label: String {
+        if isLocalReady {
+            return "Local"
+        }
+        switch connectionState {
+        case .connected: return "Connected"
+        case .connecting: return "Connecting"
+        case .disconnected: return "Disconnected"
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var backgroundColor: Color {
+        if isLocalReady {
+            return Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.1)
+        }
+        switch connectionState {
+        case .connected: return .green.opacity(0.1)
+        case .connecting: return .orange.opacity(0.1)
+        case .disconnected: return Color.exoMediumGray.opacity(0.5)
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/RootView.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/RootView.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct RootView: View {
+    @Environment(ClusterService.self) private var clusterService
+    @Environment(DiscoveryService.self) private var discoveryService
+    @Environment(ChatService.self) private var chatService
+    @Environment(LocalInferenceService.self) private var localInferenceService
+    @State private var showSettings = false
+    @State private var showConversations = false
+
+    var body: some View {
+        NavigationStack {
+            ChatView()
+                .navigationTitle("EXO")
+                .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+                .toolbar {
+                    ToolbarItem(placement: .topBarLeading) {
+                        conversationMenuButton
+                    }
+
+                    ToolbarItem(placement: .principal) {
+                        ConnectionStatusBadge(
+                            connectionState: clusterService.connectionState,
+                            localModelState: localInferenceService.modelState
+                        )
+                    }
+
+                    ToolbarItem(placement: .topBarTrailing) {
+                        Button {
+                            showSettings = true
+                        } label: {
+                            Image(systemName: "gear")
+                                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+        .tint(Color.exoYellow)
+        .sheet(isPresented: $showSettings) {
+            SettingsView()
+                .environment(discoveryService)
+                .presentationBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+        }
+        .sheet(isPresented: $showConversations) {
+            conversationList
+                .presentationBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Conversations
+
+    private var conversationMenuButton: some View {
+        HStack(spacing: 12) {
+            Button {
+                showConversations = true
+            } label: {
+                Image(systemName: "sidebar.left")
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+            }
+
+            Button {
+                chatService.createConversation()
+            } label: {
+                Image(systemName: "square.and.pencil")
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var conversationList: some View {
+        NavigationStack {
+            List {
+                if chatService.conversations.isEmpty {
+                    Text("No conversations yet")
+                        .font(.exoBody)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                        .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                } else {
+                    ForEach(chatService.conversations) { conversation in
+                        let isActive = conversation.id == chatService.activeConversationId
+                        Button {
+                            chatService.setActiveConversation(id: conversation.id)
+                            showConversations = false
+                        } label: {
+                            VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) {
+                                Text(conversation.title)
+                                    .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                                    .fontWeight(isActive ? .semibold : .regular)
+                                    .foregroundStyle(
+                                        isActive ? Color.exoYellow : Color.exoForeground
+                                    )
+                                    .lineLimit(1)
+
+                                if let modelId = conversation.modelId {
+                                    Text(modelId)
+                                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                                        .lineLimit(1)
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        .listRowBackground(
+                            isActive
+                                ? Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.1)
+                                : Color.exoDarkGray
+                        )
+                    }
+                    .onDelete { indexSet in
+                        for index in indexSet {
+                            chatService.deleteConversation(id: chatService.conversations[index].id)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            .scrollContentBackground(.hidden)
+            .background(Color.exoBlack)
+            .navigationTitle("Conversations")
+            .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+            .toolbar {
+                ToolbarItem(placement: .confirmationAction) {
+                    Button("Done") { showConversations = false }
+                        .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+                }
+                ToolbarItem(placement: .topBarLeading) {
+                    Button {
+                        chatService.createConversation()
+                    } label: {
+                        Image(systemName: "plus")
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Settings/SettingsView.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Settings/SettingsView.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct SettingsView: View {
+    @Environment(ClusterService.self) private var clusterService
+    @Environment(DiscoveryService.self) private var discoveryService
+    @Environment(LocalInferenceService.self) private var localInferenceService
+    @Environment(\.dismiss) private var dismiss
+    @State private var host: String = ""
+    @State private var port: String = "52415"
+
+    var body: some View {
+        NavigationStack {
+            Form {
+                localModelSection
+                nearbyClustersSection
+                connectionSection
+                statusSection
+            }
+            .scrollContentBackground(.hidden)
+            .background(Color.exoBlack)
+            .navigationTitle("Settings")
+            .navigationBarTitleDisplayMode(.inline)
+            .toolbar {
+                ToolbarItem(placement: .confirmationAction) {
+                    Button("Done") { dismiss() }
+                        .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Section Headers
+
+    private func sectionHeader(_ title: String) -> some View {
+        Text(title.uppercased())
+            .font(.exoMono(10, weight: .semibold))
+            .tracking(2)
+            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoYellow)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Local Model
+
+    private var localModelSection: some View {
+        Section {
+            HStack {
+                VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 4) {
+                    Text(localInferenceService.defaultModelId)
+                        .font(.exoSubheadline)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+
+                    Text(localModelStatusText)
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                }
+
+                Spacer()
+
+                localModelActionButton
+            }
+            .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+
+            if case .downloading(let progress) = localInferenceService.modelState {
+                ProgressView(value: progress)
+                    .tint(Color.exoYellow)
+                    .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+            }
+        } header: {
+            sectionHeader("Local Model")
+        } footer: {
+            Text(
+                "When disconnected from a cluster, messages are processed on-device using this model."
+            )
+            .font(.exoCaption)
+            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray.opacity(0.7))
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var localModelStatusText: String {
+        switch localInferenceService.modelState {
+        case .notDownloaded: "Not downloaded"
+        case .downloading(let progress): "Downloading \(Int(progress * 100))%..."
+        case .downloaded: "Downloaded — not loaded"
+        case .loading: "Loading into memory..."
+        case .ready: "Ready"
+        case .generating: "Generating..."
+        case .error(let message): "Error: \(message)"
+        }
+    }
+
+    @ViewBuilder
+    private var localModelActionButton: some View {
+        switch localInferenceService.modelState {
+        case .notDownloaded:
+            exoButton("Download") {
+                Task { await localInferenceService.prepareModel() }
+            }
+        case .downloading:
+            ProgressView()
+                .controlSize(.small)
+                .tint(Color.exoYellow)
+        case .downloaded:
+            exoButton("Load") {
+                Task { await localInferenceService.prepareModel() }
+            }
+        case .loading:
+            ProgressView()
+                .controlSize(.small)
+                .tint(Color.exoYellow)
+        case .ready, .generating:
+            exoButton("Unload") {
+                localInferenceService.unloadModel()
+            }
+        case .error:
+            exoButton("Retry", destructive: true) {
+                Task { await localInferenceService.prepareModel() }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func exoButton(_ title: String, destructive: Bool = false, action: @escaping () -> Void)
+        -> some View
+    {
+        let borderColor = destructive ? Color.exoDestructive : Color.exoYellow
+        return Button(action: action) {
+            Text(title.uppercased())
+                .font(.exoMono(11, weight: .semibold))
+                .tracking(1)
+                .foregroundStyle(borderColor)
+                .padding(.horizontal, 10)
+                .padding(.vertical, 5)
+                .overlay(
+                    RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 6)
+                        .stroke(borderColor, lineWidth: 1)
+                )
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Nearby Clusters
+
+    private var nearbyClustersSection: some View {
+        Section {
+            if discoveryService.discoveredClusters.isEmpty {
+                if discoveryService.isSearching {
+                    HStack {
+                        ProgressView()
+                            .tint(Color.exoYellow)
+                            .padding(.trailing, 8)
+                        Text("Searching for clusters...")
+                            .font(.exoBody)
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                    }
+                    .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                } else {
+                    Text("No clusters found")
+                        .font(.exoBody)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                        .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                }
+            } else {
+                ForEach(discoveryService.discoveredClusters) { cluster in
+                    HStack {
+                        VStack(alignment: .leading) {
+                            Text(cluster.name)
+                                .font(.exoBody)
+                                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                        }
+                        Spacer()
+                        exoButton("Connect") {
+                            Task {
+                                await clusterService.connectToDiscoveredCluster(
+                                    cluster, using: discoveryService
+                                )
+                                if clusterService.isConnected {
+                                    dismiss()
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                }
+            }
+        } header: {
+            sectionHeader("Nearby Clusters")
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Manual Connection
+
+    private var connectionSection: some View {
+        Section {
+            TextField("IP Address (e.g. 192.168.1.42)", text: $host)
+                .font(.exoBody)
+                .keyboardType(.decimalPad)
+                .textContentType(.URL)
+                .autocorrectionDisabled()
+                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+
+            TextField("Port", text: $port)
+                .font(.exoBody)
+                .keyboardType(.numberPad)
+                .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+
+            Button {
+                Task {
+                    let portNum = Int(port) ?? ConnectionInfo.defaultPort
+                    let info = ConnectionInfo(host: host, port: portNum, nodeId: nil)
+                    await clusterService.connect(to: info)
+                    if clusterService.isConnected {
+                        dismiss()
+                    }
+                }
+            } label: {
+                Text(clusterService.isConnected ? "RECONNECT" : "CONNECT")
+                    .font(.exoMono(13, weight: .semibold))
+                    .tracking(1.5)
+                    .foregroundStyle(
+                        host.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).isEmpty
+                            ? Color.exoLightGray : Color.exoYellow
+                    )
+                    .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+            }
+            .disabled(host.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).isEmpty)
+            .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+        } header: {
+            sectionHeader("Manual Connection")
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Status
+
+    private var statusSection: some View {
+        Section {
+            if let connection = clusterService.currentConnection {
+                LabeledContent {
+                    Text(connection.host)
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                } label: {
+                    Text("Host")
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                }
+                .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+
+                LabeledContent {
+                    Text("\(connection.port)")
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                } label: {
+                    Text("Port")
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                }
+                .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+
+                if let nodeId = connection.nodeId {
+                    LabeledContent {
+                        Text(String(nodeId.prefix(12)) + "...")
+                            .font(.exoCaption)
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                    } label: {
+                        Text("Node ID")
+                            .font(.exoCaption)
+                            .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                    }
+                    .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                }
+
+                LabeledContent {
+                    Text("\(clusterService.availableModels.count)")
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoForeground)
+                } label: {
+                    Text("Models")
+                        .font(.exoCaption)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                }
+                .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+
+                Button(role: .destructive) {
+                    clusterService.disconnect()
+                } label: {
+                    Text("DISCONNECT")
+                        .font(.exoMono(13, weight: .semibold))
+                        .tracking(1.5)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoDestructive)
+                        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity)
+                }
+                .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+            } else {
+                if let error = clusterService.lastError {
+                    Label {
+                        Text(error)
+                            .font(.exoCaption)
+                    } icon: {
+                        Image(systemName: "exclamationmark.triangle")
+                    }
+                    .foregroundStyle(Color.exoDestructive)
+                    .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                } else {
+                    Text("Not connected")
+                        .font(.exoBody)
+                        .foregroundStyle(Color.exoLightGray)
+                        .listRowBackground(Color.exoDarkGray)
+                }
+            }
+        } header: {
+            sectionHeader("Status")
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Theme/EXOTheme.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOS/Views/Theme/EXOTheme.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import SwiftUI
+
+// MARK: - EXO Color Palette
+
+extension Color {
+    /// Primary background — near-black (#121212)
+    static let exoBlack = Color(red: 0x12 / 255.0, green: 0x12 / 255.0, blue: 0x12 / 255.0)
+    /// Card / surface background (#1F1F1F)
+    static let exoDarkGray = Color(red: 0x1F / 255.0, green: 0x1F / 255.0, blue: 0x1F / 255.0)
+    /// Input field / elevated surface (#353535)
+    static let exoMediumGray = Color(red: 0x35 / 255.0, green: 0x35 / 255.0, blue: 0x35 / 255.0)
+    /// Secondary text (#999999)
+    static let exoLightGray = Color(red: 0x99 / 255.0, green: 0x99 / 255.0, blue: 0x99 / 255.0)
+    /// Accent yellow — matches dashboard (#FFD700)
+    static let exoYellow = Color(red: 0xFF / 255.0, green: 0xD7 / 255.0, blue: 0x00 / 255.0)
+    /// Primary foreground text (#E5E5E5)
+    static let exoForeground = Color(red: 0xE5 / 255.0, green: 0xE5 / 255.0, blue: 0xE5 / 255.0)
+    /// Destructive / error (#E74C3C)
+    static let exoDestructive = Color(red: 0xE7 / 255.0, green: 0x4C / 255.0, blue: 0x3C / 255.0)
+}
+
+// MARK: - EXO Typography (SF Mono via .monospaced design)
+
+extension Font {
+    /// Monospaced font at a given size and weight.
+    static func exoMono(_ size: CGFloat, weight: Font.Weight = .regular) -> Font {
+        .system(size: size, weight: weight, design: .monospaced)
+    }
+
+    /// Body text — 15pt monospaced
+    static let exoBody: Font = .system(size: 15, weight: .regular, design: .monospaced)
+    /// Caption — 11pt monospaced
+    static let exoCaption: Font = .system(size: 11, weight: .regular, design: .monospaced)
+    /// Subheadline — 13pt monospaced medium
+    static let exoSubheadline: Font = .system(size: 13, weight: .medium, design: .monospaced)
+    /// Headline — 17pt monospaced semibold
+    static let exoHeadline: Font = .system(size: 17, weight: .semibold, design: .monospaced)
+}
+
+// MARK: - Reusable Gradient Divider
+
+struct GradientDivider: View {
+    var body: some View {
+        LinearGradient(
+            colors: [.clear, Color.exoYellow.opacity(0.3), .clear],
+            startPoint: .leading,
+            endPoint: .trailing
+        )
+        .frame(height: 1)
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOSTests/EXO_iOSTests.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOSTests/EXO_iOSTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//
+//  EXO_iOSTests.swift
+//  EXO-iOSTests
+//
+//  Created by Sami Khan on 2026-02-17.
+//
+
+import Testing
+
+@testable import EXO_iOS
+
+struct EXO_iOSTests {
+
+    @Test func example() async throws {
+        // Write your test here and use APIs like `#expect(...)` to check expected conditions.
+    }
+
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOSUITests/EXO_iOSUITests.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOSUITests/EXO_iOSUITests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//
+//  EXO_iOSUITests.swift
+//  EXO-iOSUITests
+//
+//  Created by Sami Khan on 2026-02-17.
+//
+
+import XCTest
+
+final class EXO_iOSUITests: XCTestCase {
+
+    override func setUpWithError() throws {
+        // Put setup code here. This method is called before the invocation of each test method in the class.
+
+        // In UI tests it is usually best to stop immediately when a failure occurs.
+        continueAfterFailure = false
+
+        // In UI tests it’s important to set the initial state - such as interface orientation - required for your tests before they run. The setUp method is a good place to do this.
+    }
+
+    override func tearDownWithError() throws {
+        // Put teardown code here. This method is called after the invocation of each test method in the class.
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func testExample() throws {
+        // UI tests must launch the application that they test.
+        let app = XCUIApplication()
+        app.launch()
+
+        // Use XCTAssert and related functions to verify your tests produce the correct results.
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func testLaunchPerformance() throws {
+        // This measures how long it takes to launch your application.
+        measure(metrics: [XCTApplicationLaunchMetric()]) {
+            XCUIApplication().launch()
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOSUITests/EXO_iOSUITestsLaunchTests.swift
+++ b/app/EXO-iOS/EXO-iOSUITests/EXO_iOSUITestsLaunchTests.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//
+//  EXO_iOSUITestsLaunchTests.swift
+//  EXO-iOSUITests
+//
+//  Created by Sami Khan on 2026-02-17.
+//
+
+import XCTest
+
+final class EXO_iOSUITestsLaunchTests: XCTestCase {
+
+    override class var runsForEachTargetApplicationUIConfiguration: Bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    override func setUpWithError() throws {
+        continueAfterFailure = false
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func testLaunch() throws {
+        let app = XCUIApplication()
+        app.launch()
+
+        // Insert steps here to perform after app launch but before taking a screenshot,
+        // such as logging into a test account or navigating somewhere in the app
+
+        let attachment = XCTAttachment(screenshot: app.screenshot())
+        attachment.name = "Launch Screen"
+        attachment.lifetime = .keepAlways
+        add(attachment)
+    }
+}
--- a/app/EXO/EXO/ExoProcessController.swift
+++ b/app/EXO/EXO/ExoProcessController.swift
@@ -126,37 +126,11 @@ final class ExoProcessController: ObservableObject {
            return
        }
        process.terminationHandler = nil
-        status = .stopped
-
-        guard process.isRunning else {
-            self.process = nil
-            return
+        if process.isRunning {
+            process.terminate()
        }
-
-        let proc = process
        self.process = nil
-
-        Task.detached {
-            proc.interrupt()
-
-            for _ in 0..<50 {
-                if !proc.isRunning { return }
-                try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 100_000_000)
-            }
-
-            if proc.isRunning {
-                proc.terminate()
-            }
-
-            for _ in 0..<30 {
-                if !proc.isRunning { return }
-                try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 100_000_000)
-            }
-
-            if proc.isRunning {
-                kill(proc.processIdentifier, SIGKILL)
-            }
-        }
+        status = .stopped
    }

    func restart() {
--- a/dashboard/src/lib/components/ChatForm.svelte
+++ b/dashboard/src/lib/components/ChatForm.svelte
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
  const modelSupportsThinking = $derived(() => {
    if (!currentModel) return false;
    const caps = modelCapabilities[currentModel] || [];
-    return caps.includes("thinking_toggle") && caps.includes("text");
+    return caps.includes("thinking") && caps.includes("text");
  });

  const isEditOnlyWithoutImage = $derived(
--- a/dashboard/src/lib/components/ImageParamsPanel.svelte
+++ b/dashboard/src/lib/components/ImageParamsPanel.svelte
@@ -59,14 +59,13 @@
  }

  const sizeOptions: ImageGenerationParams["size"][] = [
-    "auto",
    "512x512",
    "768x768",
    "1024x1024",
    "1024x768",
    "768x1024",
-    "1024x1536",
-    "1536x1024",
+    "1024x1365",
+    "1365x1024",
  ];

  const qualityOptions: ImageGenerationParams["quality"][] = [
@@ -177,90 +176,92 @@
 <div class="border-b border-exo-medium-gray/30 px-3 py-2">
  <!-- Basic params row -->
  <div class="flex items-center gap-3 flex-wrap">
-    <!-- Size -->
-    <div class="flex items-center gap-1.5">
-      <span class="text-xs text-exo-light-gray uppercase tracking-wider"
-        >SIZE:</span
-      >
-      <div class="relative">
-        <button
-          bind:this={sizeButtonRef}
-          type="button"
-          onclick={() => (isSizeDropdownOpen = !isSizeDropdownOpen)}
-          class="bg-exo-medium-gray/50 border border-exo-yellow/30 rounded pl-2 pr-6 py-1 text-xs font-mono text-exo-yellow cursor-pointer transition-all duration-200 hover:border-exo-yellow/50 focus:outline-none focus:border-exo-yellow/70 {isSizeDropdownOpen
-            ? 'border-exo-yellow/70'
-            : ''}"
+    <!-- Size (hidden in edit mode - output size comes from input image) -->
+    {#if !isEditMode}
+      <div class="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+        <span class="text-xs text-exo-light-gray uppercase tracking-wider"
+          >SIZE:</span
        >
-          {params.size.toUpperCase()}
-        </button>
-        <div
-          class="absolute right-1.5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 pointer-events-none transition-transform duration-200 {isSizeDropdownOpen
-            ? 'rotate-180'
-            : ''}"
-        >
-          <svg
-            class="w-3 h-3 text-exo-yellow/60"
-            fill="none"
-            viewBox="0 0 24 24"
-            stroke="currentColor"
+        <div class="relative">
+          <button
+            bind:this={sizeButtonRef}
+            type="button"
+            onclick={() => (isSizeDropdownOpen = !isSizeDropdownOpen)}
+            class="bg-exo-medium-gray/50 border border-exo-yellow/30 rounded pl-2 pr-6 py-1 text-xs font-mono text-exo-yellow cursor-pointer transition-all duration-200 hover:border-exo-yellow/50 focus:outline-none focus:border-exo-yellow/70 {isSizeDropdownOpen
+              ? 'border-exo-yellow/70'
+              : ''}"
          >
-            <path
-              stroke-linecap="round"
-              stroke-linejoin="round"
-              stroke-width="2"
-              d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7"
-            />
-          </svg>
-        </div>
-      </div>
-
-      {#if isSizeDropdownOpen}
-        <!-- Backdrop to close dropdown -->
-        <button
-          type="button"
-          class="fixed inset-0 z-[9998] cursor-default"
-          onclick={() => (isSizeDropdownOpen = false)}
-          aria-label="Close dropdown"
-        ></button>
-
-        <!-- Dropdown Panel - fixed positioning to escape overflow:hidden -->
-        <div
-          class="fixed bg-exo-dark-gray border border-exo-yellow/30 rounded shadow-lg shadow-black/50 z-[9999] max-h-48 overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden min-w-max"
-          style="bottom: calc(100vh - {sizeDropdownPosition()
-            .top}px + 4px); left: {sizeDropdownPosition().left}px;"
-        >
-          <div class="py-1">
-            {#each sizeOptions as size}
-              <button
-                type="button"
-                onclick={() => selectSize(size)}
-                class="w-full px-3 py-1.5 text-left text-xs font-mono tracking-wide transition-colors duration-100 flex items-center gap-2 {params.size ===
-                size
-                  ? 'bg-transparent text-exo-yellow'
-                  : 'text-exo-light-gray hover:text-exo-yellow'}"
-              >
-                {#if params.size === size}
-                  <svg
-                    class="w-3 h-3 flex-shrink-0"
-                    fill="currentColor"
-                    viewBox="0 0 20 20"
-                  >
-                    <path
-                      fill-rule="evenodd"
-                      d="M16.707 5.293a1 1 0 010 1.414l-8 8a1 1 0 01-1.414 0l-4-4a1 1 0 011.414-1.414L8 12.586l7.293-7.293a1 1 0 011.414 0z"
-                      clip-rule="evenodd"
-                    />
-                  </svg>
-                {:else}
-                  <span class="w-3"></span>
-                {/if}
-                <span>{size.toUpperCase()}</span>
-              </button>
-            {/each}
+            {params.size}
+          </button>
+          <div
+            class="absolute right-1.5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 pointer-events-none transition-transform duration-200 {isSizeDropdownOpen
+              ? 'rotate-180'
+              : ''}"
+          >
+            <svg
+              class="w-3 h-3 text-exo-yellow/60"
+              fill="none"
+              viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+              stroke="currentColor"
+            >
+              <path
+                stroke-linecap="round"
+                stroke-linejoin="round"
+                stroke-width="2"
+                d="M19 9l-7 7-7-7"
+              />
+            </svg>
          </div>
        </div>
-      {/if}
-    </div>
+
+        {#if isSizeDropdownOpen}
+          <!-- Backdrop to close dropdown -->
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            class="fixed inset-0 z-[9998] cursor-default"
+            onclick={() => (isSizeDropdownOpen = false)}
+            aria-label="Close dropdown"
+          ></button>
+
+          <!-- Dropdown Panel - fixed positioning to escape overflow:hidden -->
+          <div
+            class="fixed bg-exo-dark-gray border border-exo-yellow/30 rounded shadow-lg shadow-black/50 z-[9999] max-h-48 overflow-y-auto min-w-max"
+            style="bottom: calc(100vh - {sizeDropdownPosition()
+              .top}px + 4px); left: {sizeDropdownPosition().left}px;"
+          >
+            <div class="py-1">
+              {#each sizeOptions as size}
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onclick={() => selectSize(size)}
+                  class="w-full px-3 py-1.5 text-left text-xs font-mono tracking-wide transition-colors duration-100 flex items-center gap-2 {params.size ===
+                  size
+                    ? 'bg-transparent text-exo-yellow'
+                    : 'text-exo-light-gray hover:text-exo-yellow'}"
+                >
+                  {#if params.size === size}
+                    <svg
+                      class="w-3 h-3 flex-shrink-0"
+                      fill="currentColor"
+                      viewBox="0 0 20 20"
+                    >
+                      <path
+                        fill-rule="evenodd"
+                        d="M16.707 5.293a1 1 0 010 1.414l-8 8a1 1 0 01-1.414 0l-4-4a1 1 0 011.414-1.414L8 12.586l7.293-7.293a1 1 0 011.414 0z"
+                        clip-rule="evenodd"
+                      />
+                    </svg>
+                  {:else}
+                    <span class="w-3"></span>
+                  {/if}
+                  <span>{size}</span>
+                </button>
+              {/each}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        {/if}
+      </div>
+    {/if}

    <!-- Quality -->
    <div class="flex items-center gap-1.5">
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@

        <!-- Dropdown Panel - fixed positioning to escape overflow:hidden -->
        <div
-          class="fixed bg-exo-dark-gray border border-exo-yellow/30 rounded shadow-lg shadow-black/50 z-[9999] max-h-48 overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden min-w-max"
+          class="fixed bg-exo-dark-gray border border-exo-yellow/30 rounded shadow-lg shadow-black/50 z-[9999] max-h-48 overflow-y-auto min-w-max"
          style="bottom: calc(100vh - {qualityDropdownPosition()
            .top}px + 4px); left: {qualityDropdownPosition().left}px;"
        >
--- a/dashboard/src/lib/stores/app.svelte.ts
+++ b/dashboard/src/lib/stores/app.svelte.ts
@@ -306,14 +306,13 @@ const IMAGE_PARAMS_STORAGE_KEY = "exo-image-generation-params";
 export interface ImageGenerationParams {
  // Basic params
  size:
-    | "auto"
    | "512x512"
    | "768x768"
    | "1024x1024"
    | "1024x768"
    | "768x1024"
-    | "1024x1536"
-    | "1536x1024";
+    | "1024x1365"
+    | "1365x1024";
  quality: "low" | "medium" | "high";
  outputFormat: "png" | "jpeg";
  numImages: number;
@@ -337,7 +336,7 @@ export interface EditingImage {
 }

 const DEFAULT_IMAGE_PARAMS: ImageGenerationParams = {
-  size: "auto",
+  size: "1024x1024",
  quality: "medium",
  outputFormat: "png",
  numImages: 1,
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
          packages = lib.optionalAttrs pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isDarwin (
            let
              uvLock = builtins.fromTOML (builtins.readFile ./uv.lock);
-              mlxPackage = builtins.head (builtins.filter (p: p.name == "mlx" && p.source ? git) uvLock.package);
+              mlxPackage = builtins.head (builtins.filter (p: p.name == "mlx") uvLock.package);
              uvLockMlxVersion = mlxPackage.version;
            in
            {
--- a/nix/mlx.nix
+++ b/nix/mlx.nix
@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@ let

  mlx = stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
    pname = "mlx";
-    version = let v = "0.30.7.dev20260218+14841977"; in
+    version = let v = "0.30.6"; in
      assert v == uvLockMlxVersion || throw "MLX version mismatch: nix/mlx.nix has ${v} but uv.lock has ${uvLockMlxVersion}. Update both the version and hash in nix/mlx.nix.";
      v;
    pyproject = true;

    src = fetchFromGitHub {
-      owner = "rltakashige";
-      repo = "mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv";
-      rev = "1484197707f35186ad3bd614357c7c47fdf86ebc";
-      hash = "sha256-FupCMoK/SF/ldfKuvMSAKECcOP8c+ANgkQlPZttDsLk=";
+      owner = "ml-explore";
+      repo = "mlx";
+      tag = "v${version}";
+      hash = "sha256-avD5EGhwgmPdXLAyQSqTO6AXk/W3ziH+f6AetjK3Sdo=";
    };

    patches = [
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ dependencies = [
    "loguru>=0.7.3",
    "exo_pyo3_bindings", # rust bindings
    "anyio==4.11.0",
-    "mlx; sys_platform == 'darwin'",
+    "mlx==0.30.6; sys_platform == 'darwin'",
    "mlx[cpu]==0.30.6; sys_platform == 'linux'",
-    "mlx-lm==0.30.7",
+    "mlx-lm==0.30.6",
    "tiktoken>=0.12.0", # required for kimi k2 tokenizer
    "hypercorn>=0.18.0",
    "openai-harmony>=0.0.8",
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ members = [

 [tool.uv.sources]
 exo_pyo3_bindings = { workspace = true }
-mlx = { git = "https://github.com/rltakashige/mlx-jaccl-fix-small-recv.git", branch = "address-rdma-gpu-locks", marker = "sys_platform == 'darwin'" }
 #mlx-lm = { git = "https://github.com/davidmcc73/mlx-lm", branch = "stable" }
 # Uncomment to use local mlx/mlx-lm development versions:
 # mlx = { path = "/Users/Shared/mlx", editable=true }
--- a/python/parts.nix
+++ b/python/parts.nix
@@ -58,21 +58,6 @@
        lib.optionalAttrs pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isLinux (
          (lib.mapAttrs (_: ignoreMissing) nvidiaPackages) // {
            mlx = ignoreMissing prev.mlx;
-            mlx-cuda-13 = prev.mlx-cuda-13.overrideAttrs (old: {
-              buildInputs = (old.buildInputs or [ ]) ++ [
-                final.nvidia-cublas
-                final.nvidia-cuda-nvrtc
-                final.nvidia-cudnn-cu13
-                final.nvidia-nccl-cu13
-              ];
-              preFixup = ''
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-cublas}
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-cuda-nvrtc}
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-cudnn-cu13}
-                addAutoPatchelfSearchPath ${final.nvidia-nccl-cu13}
-              '';
-              autoPatchelfIgnoreMissingDeps = [ "libcuda.so.1" ];
-            });
            torch = ignoreMissing prev.torch;
            triton = ignoreMissing prev.triton;
          }
@@ -89,25 +74,14 @@
          linuxOverlay
        ]
      );
-      # mlx-cpu and mlx-cuda-13 both ship mlx/ site-packages files; keep first.
-      # mlx-cpu/mlx-cuda-13 and nvidia-cudnn-cu12/cu13 ship overlapping files.
-      venvCollisionPaths = lib.optionals pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isLinux [
-        "lib/python3.13/site-packages/mlx*"
-        "lib/python3.13/site-packages/nvidia*"
-      ];
-
-      exoVenv = (pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-env" workspace.deps.default).overrideAttrs {
-        venvIgnoreCollisions = venvCollisionPaths;
-      };
+      exoVenv = pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-env" workspace.deps.default;

      # Virtual environment with dev dependencies for testing
-      testVenv = (pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-test-env" (
+      testVenv = pythonSet.mkVirtualEnv "exo-test-env" (
        workspace.deps.default // {
          exo = [ "dev" ]; # Include pytest, pytest-asyncio, pytest-env
        }
-      )).overrideAttrs {
-        venvIgnoreCollisions = venvCollisionPaths;
-      };
+      );

      mkPythonScript = name: path: pkgs.writeShellApplication {
        inherit name;
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--DeepSeek-V3.1-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--DeepSeek-V3.1-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "deepseek"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "DeepSeek V3.1"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 405874409472
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--DeepSeek-V3.1-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--DeepSeek-V3.1-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "deepseek"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "DeepSeek V3.1"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 765577920512
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.5-Air-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.5-Air-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.5 Air"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 122406567936
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.5-Air-bf16.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.5-Air-bf16.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "bf16"
 base_model = "GLM 4.5 Air"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 229780750336
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.7"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 198556925568
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-6bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-6bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "6bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.7"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 286737579648
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-8bit-gs32.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-8bit-gs32.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.7"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 396963397248
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.7 Flash"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 19327352832
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-5bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-5bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "5bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.7 Flash"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 22548578304
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-6bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-6bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "6bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.7 Flash"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 26843545600
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-4.7-Flash-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "glm"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "GLM 4.7 Flash"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 34359738368
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-5-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-5-8bit.toml
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-model_id = "mlx-community/GLM-5-8bit-MXFP8"
-n_layers = 78
-hidden_size = 6144
-supports_tensor = true
-tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
-family = "glm"
-quantization = "8bit"
-base_model = "GLM-5"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]
-
-[storage_size]
-in_bytes = 790517400864
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-5-MXFP4-Q8.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-5-MXFP4-Q8.toml
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-model_id = "mlx-community/GLM-5-MXFP4-Q8"
-n_layers = 78
-hidden_size = 6144
-supports_tensor = true
-tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
-family = "glm"
-quantization = "MXFP4-Q8"
-base_model = "GLM-5"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]
-
-[storage_size]
-in_bytes = 405478939008
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-5-bf16.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--GLM-5-bf16.toml
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-model_id = "mlx-community/GLM-5"
-n_layers = 78
-hidden_size = 6144
-supports_tensor = true
-tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
-family = "glm"
-quantization = "bf16"
-base_model = "GLM-5"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]
-
-[storage_size]
-in_bytes = 1487822475264
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Kimi-K2-Thinking.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Kimi-K2-Thinking.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "kimi"
 quantization = ""
 base_model = "Kimi K2"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 706522120192
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Kimi-K2.5.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Kimi-K2.5.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "kimi"
 quantization = ""
 base_model = "Kimi K2.5"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 662498705408
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--MiniMax-M2.1-3bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--MiniMax-M2.1-3bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "minimax"
 quantization = "3bit"
 base_model = "MiniMax M2.1"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 100086644736
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--MiniMax-M2.1-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--MiniMax-M2.1-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "minimax"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "MiniMax M2.1"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 242986745856
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-0.6B-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-0.6B-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 0.6B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 342884352
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-0.6B-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-0.6B-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 0.6B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 698351616
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 235B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 141733920768
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 235B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 268435456000
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-30B-A3B-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-30B-A3B-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 30B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 17612931072
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-30B-A3B-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-30B-A3B-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 30B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 33279705088
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 Next 80B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 47080074240
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking-8bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking-8bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "qwen"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "Qwen3 Next 80B"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 88814387200
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Step-3.5-Flash-4bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Step-3.5-Flash-4bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "step"
 quantization = "4bit"
 base_model = "Step 3.5 Flash"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 114572190076
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Step-3.5-Flash-6bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Step-3.5-Flash-6bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "step"
 quantization = "6bit"
 base_model = "Step 3.5 Flash"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 159039627774
--- a/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Step-3.5-Flash-8Bit.toml
+++ b/resources/inference_model_cards/mlx-community--Step-3.5-Flash-8Bit.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ tasks = ["TextGeneration"]
 family = "step"
 quantization = "8bit"
 base_model = "Step 3.5 Flash"
-capabilities = ["text", "thinking", "thinking_toggle"]
+capabilities = ["text", "thinking"]

 [storage_size]
 in_bytes = 209082699847
--- a/rust/clippy.toml
+++ b/rust/clippy.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# we can manually exclude false-positive lint errors for dual packages (if in dependencies)
+#allowed-duplicate-crates = ["hashbrown"]
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ edition = { workspace = true }
 publish = false

 [lib]
+doctest = false
 path = "src/lib.rs"
 name = "exo_pyo3_bindings"

@@ -24,17 +25,17 @@ workspace = true
 networking = { workspace = true }

 # interop
-pyo3 = { version = "0.27.2", features = [
-    # "abi3-py313", # tells pyo3 (and maturin) to build using the stable ABI with minimum Python version 3.13
+pyo3 = { version = "0.27.1", features = [
+    # "abi3-py311", # tells pyo3 (and maturin) to build using the stable ABI with minimum Python version 3.11
    "nightly", # enables better-supported GIL integration
    "experimental-async", # async support in #[pyfunction] & #[pymethods]
    #"experimental-inspect", # inspection of generated binary => easier to automate type-hint generation
    #"py-clone", # adding Clone-ing of `Py<T>` without GIL (may cause panics - remove if panics happen)
-    # "multiple-pymethods", # allows multiple #[pymethods] sections per class
+    "multiple-pymethods", # allows multiple #[pymethods] sections per class

    # integrations with other libraries
-    # "arc_lock", "bigdecimal", "either", "hashbrown", "indexmap", "num-bigint", "num-complex", "num-rational",
-    # "ordered-float", "rust_decimal", "smallvec",
+    "arc_lock", "bigdecimal", "either", "hashbrown", "indexmap", "num-bigint", "num-complex", "num-rational",
+    "ordered-float", "rust_decimal", "smallvec",
    # "anyhow", "chrono", "chrono-local", "chrono-tz", "eyre", "jiff-02", "lock_api", "parking-lot", "time",  "serde",
 ] }
 pyo3-stub-gen = { version = "0.17.2" }
@@ -43,11 +44,34 @@ pyo3-log = "0.13.2"

 # macro dependencies
 extend = { workspace = true }
+delegate = { workspace = true }
+impl-trait-for-tuples = { workspace = true }
+derive_more = { workspace = true }
+pin-project = { workspace = true }

 # async runtime
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full", "tracing"] }
 futures = { workspace = true }

+# utility dependencies
+once_cell = "1.21.3"
+thread_local = "1.1.9"
+util = { workspace = true }
+thiserror = { workspace = true }
+#internment = { workspace = true }
+#recursion = { workspace = true }
+#generativity = { workspace = true }
+#itertools = { workspace = true }
+
+
 # Tracing
+#tracing = "0.1"
+#tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
+#console-subscriber = "0.1.5"
+#tracing-log = "0.2.0"
 log = { workspace = true }
 env_logger = "0.11"
+
+
+# Networking
+libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/README.md
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+TODO: do something here....
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/allow_threading.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/allow_threading.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-//! See: <https://pyo3.rs/v0.27.2/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await>
+//! SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+//!
+
+use pin_project::pin_project;
+use pyo3::marker::Ungil;
 use pyo3::prelude::*;
 use std::{
    future::Future,
@@ -6,17 +10,31 @@ use std::{
    task::{Context, Poll},
 };

-pub struct AllowThreads<F>(pub(crate) F);
+/// SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+#[pin_project]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct AllowThreads<F>(#[pin] F);
+
+impl<F> AllowThreads<F>
+where
+    Self: Future,
+{
+    pub fn new(f: F) -> Self {
+        Self(f)
+    }
+}

 impl<F> Future for AllowThreads<F>
 where
-    F: Future + Unpin + Send,
-    F::Output: Send,
+    F: Future + Ungil,
+    F::Output: Ungil,
 {
    type Output = F::Output;

-    fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        let waker = cx.waker();
-        Python::attach(|py| py.detach(|| pin!(&mut self.0).poll(&mut Context::from_waker(waker))))
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            py.allow_threads(|| self.project().0.poll(&mut Context::from_waker(waker)))
+        })
    }
 }
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/examples/mod.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/examples/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+//! This module exists to hold examples of some pyo3 patterns that may be too complex to
+//! re-create from scratch, but too inhomogenous to create an abstraction/wrapper around.
+//!
+//! Pattern examples include:
+//!  - Async task handles: with GC-integrated cleanup
+//!  - Sync/async callbacks from python: with propper eventloop handling
+//!
+//! Mutability pattern: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#send--static-constraint
+//!  - Store mutable fields in tokio's `Mutex<T>`
+//!  - For async code: take `&self` and `.lock().await`
+//!  - For sync code: take `&mut self` and `.get_mut()`
+
+use crate::ext::{PyResultExt as _, ResultExt as _, TokioRuntimeExt as _};
+use futures::FutureExt as _;
+use futures::future::BoxFuture;
+use pyo3::exceptions::PyRuntimeError;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
+use pyo3::{
+    Bound, Py, PyAny, PyErr, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyVisit, Python, pyclass, pymethods,
+};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError;
+
+fn needs_tokio_runtime() {
+    tokio::runtime::Handle::current();
+}
+
+type SyncCallback = Box<dyn Fn() + Send + Sync>;
+type AsyncCallback = Box<dyn Fn() -> BoxFuture<'static, ()> + Send + Sync>;
+
+enum AsyncTaskMessage {
+    SyncCallback(SyncCallback),
+    AsyncCallback(AsyncCallback),
+}
+
+async fn async_task(
+    sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<()>,
+    mut receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<AsyncTaskMessage>,
+) {
+    log::info!("RUST: async task started");
+
+    // task state
+    let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(1));
+
+    let mut sync_cbs: Vec<SyncCallback> = vec![];
+    let mut async_cbs: Vec<AsyncCallback> = vec![];
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            // handle incoming messages from task-handle
+            message = receiver.recv() => {
+                // handle closed channel by exiting
+                let Some(message) = message else {
+                    log::info!("RUST: channel closed");
+                    break;
+                };
+
+                // dispatch incoming event
+                match message {
+                    AsyncTaskMessage::SyncCallback(cb) => {
+                        sync_cbs.push(cb);
+                    }
+                    AsyncTaskMessage::AsyncCallback(cb) => {
+                        async_cbs.push(cb);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // handle all other events
+            _ = interval.tick() => {
+                log::info!("RUST: async task tick");
+
+                // call back all sync callbacks
+                for cb in &sync_cbs {
+                    cb();
+                }
+
+                // call back all async callbacks
+                for cb in &async_cbs {
+                    cb().await;
+                }
+
+                // send event on unbounded channel
+                sender.send(()).expect("handle receiver cannot be closed/dropped");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    log::info!("RUST: async task stopped");
+}
+
+// #[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "AsyncTaskHandle")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct PyAsyncTaskHandle {
+    sender: Option<mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage>>,
+    receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<()>,
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+impl PyAsyncTaskHandle {
+    const fn sender(&self) -> &mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage> {
+        self.sender
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
+    }
+
+    const fn sender_mut(&mut self) -> &mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage> {
+        self.sender
+            .as_mut()
+            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
+    }
+
+    const fn new(
+        sender: mpsc::UnboundedSender<AsyncTaskMessage>,
+        receiver: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<()>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            sender: Some(sender),
+            receiver,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// #[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyAsyncTaskHandle {
+    #[new]
+    fn py_new(py: Python<'_>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;
+
+        // create communication channel TOWARDS our task
+        let (h_sender, t_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<AsyncTaskMessage>();
+
+        // create communication channel FROM our task
+        let (t_sender, h_receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel::<()>();
+
+        // perform necessary setup within tokio context - or it crashes
+        let () = get_runtime().block_on(async { needs_tokio_runtime() });
+
+        // spawn tokio task with this thread's task-locals - without this, async callbacks on the new threads will not work!!
+        _ = get_runtime().spawn_with_scope(py, async move {
+            async_task(t_sender, t_receiver).await;
+        });
+        Ok(Self::new(h_sender, h_receiver))
+    }
+
+    /// NOTE: exceptions in callbacks are silently ignored until end of execution
+    fn add_sync_callback(
+        &self,
+        // #[gen_stub(override_type(
+        //     type_repr="collections.abc.Callable[[], None]",
+        //     imports=("collections.abc")
+        // ))]
+        callback: Py<PyAny>,
+    ) -> PyResult<()> {
+        // blocking call to async method -> can do non-blocking if needed
+        self.sender()
+            .send(AsyncTaskMessage::SyncCallback(Box::new(move || {
+                _ = Python::with_gil(|py| callback.call0(py).write_unraisable_with(py));
+            })))
+            .pyerr()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// NOTE: exceptions in callbacks are silently ignored until end of execution
+    fn add_async_callback(
+        &self,
+        // #[gen_stub(override_type(
+        //     type_repr="collections.abc.Callable[[], collections.abc.Awaitable[None]]",
+        //     imports=("collections.abc")
+        // ))]
+        callback: Py<PyAny>,
+    ) -> PyResult<()> {
+        // blocking call to async method -> can do non-blocking if needed
+        self.sender()
+            .send(AsyncTaskMessage::AsyncCallback(Box::new(move || {
+                let c = Python::with_gil(|py| callback.clone_ref(py));
+                async move {
+                    if let Some(f) = Python::with_gil(|py| {
+                        let coroutine = c.call0(py).write_unraisable_with(py)?;
+                        pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::into_future(coroutine.into_bound(py))
+                            .write_unraisable_with(py)
+                    }) {
+                        _ = f.await.write_unraisable();
+                    }
+                }
+                .boxed()
+            })))
+            .pyerr()?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn receive_unit(&mut self) -> PyResult<()> {
+        self.receiver
+            .recv()
+            .await
+            .ok_or(PyErr::new::<PyRuntimeError, _>(
+                "cannot receive unit on closed channel",
+            ))
+    }
+
+    fn drain_units(&mut self) -> PyResult<i32> {
+        let mut cnt = 0;
+        loop {
+            match self.receiver.try_recv() {
+                Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => {
+                    return Err(PyErr::new::<PyRuntimeError, _>(
+                        "cannot receive unit on closed channel",
+                    ));
+                }
+                Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => return Ok(cnt),
+                Ok(()) => {
+                    cnt += 1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    const fn __traverse__(&self, _visit: PyVisit<'_>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError> {
+        Ok(()) // This is needed purely so `__clear__` can work
+    }
+
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __clear__(&mut self) {
+        // TODO: may or may not need to await a "kill-signal" oneshot channel message,
+        //       to ensure that the networking task is done BEFORE exiting the clear function...
+        //       but this may require GIL?? and it may not be safe to call GIL here??
+        self.sender = None; // Using Option<T> as a trick to force `sender` channel to be dropped
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn examples_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    m.add_class::<PyAsyncTaskHandle>()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,217 @@
+//! TODO: crate documentation
+//!
+//! this is here as a placeholder documentation
+//!
+//!
+
+// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
+#![feature(trait_alias)]
+#![feature(tuple_trait)]
+#![feature(unboxed_closures)]
+// #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
+// #![feature(assert_matches)]
+// #![feature(async_fn_in_dyn_trait)]
+// #![feature(async_for_loop)]
+// #![feature(auto_traits)]
+// #![feature(negative_impls)]
+
+extern crate core;
+mod allow_threading;
+mod examples;
+pub(crate) mod networking;
+pub(crate) mod pylibp2p;
+
+use crate::networking::networking_submodule;
+use crate::pylibp2p::ident::ident_submodule;
+use crate::pylibp2p::multiaddr::multiaddr_submodule;
+use pyo3::prelude::PyModule;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, pyclass, pymodule};
 use pyo3_stub_gen::define_stub_info_gatherer;

-mod allow_threading;
+/// Namespace for all the constants used by this crate.
+pub(crate) mod r#const {
+    pub const MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE: usize = 1024;
+}
+
+/// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
+pub(crate) mod alias {
+    use std::error::Error;
+    use std::marker::Tuple;
+
+    pub trait SendFn<Args: Tuple + Send + 'static, Output> =
+        Fn<Args, Output = Output> + Send + 'static;
+
+    pub type AnyError = Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
+    pub type AnyResult<T> = Result<T, AnyError>;
+}
+
+/// Namespace for crate-wide extension traits/methods
+pub(crate) mod ext {
+    use crate::allow_threading::AllowThreads;
+    use extend::ext;
+    use pyo3::exceptions::{PyConnectionError, PyRuntimeError};
+    use pyo3::marker::Ungil;
+    use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+    use pyo3::{Py, PyErr, PyResult, Python};
+    use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
+    use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+    use tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError;
+    use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = ByteArrayExt)]
+    impl [u8] {
+        fn pybytes(&self) -> Py<PyBytes> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| PyBytes::new(py, self).unbind())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = ResultExt)]
+    impl<T, E> Result<T, E>
+    where
+        E: ToString,
+    {
+        fn pyerr(self) -> PyResult<T> {
+            self.map_err(|e| PyRuntimeError::new_err(e.to_string()))
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub trait FutureExt: Future + Sized {
+        /// SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+        fn allow_threads_py(self) -> AllowThreads<Self>
+        where
+            AllowThreads<Self>: Future,
+        {
+            AllowThreads::new(self)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl<T: Future> FutureExt for T {}
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = PyErrExt)]
+    impl PyErr {
+        fn receiver_channel_closed() -> Self {
+            PyConnectionError::new_err("Receiver channel closed unexpectedly")
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = PyResultExt)]
+    impl<T> PyResult<T> {
+        fn write_unraisable(self) -> Option<T> {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| self.write_unraisable_with(py))
+        }
+
+        fn write_unraisable_with(self, py: Python<'_>) -> Option<T> {
+            match self {
+                Ok(v) => Some(v),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    // write error back to python
+                    e.write_unraisable(py, None);
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = TokioRuntimeExt)]
+    impl Runtime {
+        fn spawn_with_scope<F>(&self, py: Python<'_>, future: F) -> PyResult<JoinHandle<F::Output>>
+        where
+            F: Future + Send + 'static,
+            F::Output: Send + 'static,
+        {
+            let locals = pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_current_locals(py)?;
+            Ok(self.spawn(pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::scope(locals, future)))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = TokioMpscSenderExt)]
+    impl<T> mpsc::Sender<T> {
+        /// Sends a value, waiting until there is capacity.
+        ///
+        /// A successful send occurs when it is determined that the other end of the
+        /// channel has not hung up already. An unsuccessful send would be one where
+        /// the corresponding receiver has already been closed.
+        async fn send_py(&self, value: T) -> PyResult<()> {
+            self.send(value)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = TokioMpscReceiverExt)]
+    impl<T> mpsc::Receiver<T> {
+        /// Receives the next value for this receiver.
+        async fn recv_py(&mut self) -> PyResult<T> {
+            self.recv().await.ok_or_else(PyErr::receiver_channel_closed)
+        }
+
+        /// Receives at most `limit` values for this receiver and returns them.
+        ///
+        /// For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of messages will be returned immediately.
+        /// For `limit > 0`, if there are no messages in the channel's queue this method
+        /// will sleep until a message is sent.
+        async fn recv_many_py(&mut self, limit: usize) -> PyResult<Vec<T>> {
+            // get updates from receiver channel
+            let mut updates = Vec::with_capacity(limit);
+            let received = self.recv_many(&mut updates, limit).await;
+
+            // if we received zero items, then the channel was unexpectedly closed
+            if limit != 0 && received == 0 {
+                return Err(PyErr::receiver_channel_closed());
+            }
+
+            Ok(updates)
+        }
+
+        /// Tries to receive the next value for this receiver.
+        fn try_recv_py(&mut self) -> PyResult<Option<T>> {
+            match self.try_recv() {
+                Ok(v) => Ok(Some(v)),
+                Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => Ok(None),
+                Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => Err(PyErr::receiver_channel_closed()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) mod private {
+    use std::marker::Sized;
+
+    /// Sealed traits support
+    pub trait Sealed {}
+    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
+}
+
+/// A wrapper around [`Py`] that implements [`Clone`] using [`Python::with_gil`].
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct ClonePy<T>(pub Py<T>);
+
+impl<T> Clone for ClonePy<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| Self(self.0.clone_ref(py)))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Python module implemented in Rust. The name of this function must match
+/// the `lib.name` setting in the `Cargo.toml`, else Python will not be able to
+/// import the module.
+#[pymodule(name = "exo_pyo3_bindings")]
+fn main_module(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    // install logger
+    pyo3_log::init();
+
+    // TODO: for now this is all NOT a submodule, but figure out how to make the submodule system
+    //       work with maturin, where the types generate correctly, in the right folder, without
+    //       too many importing issues...
+    ident_submodule(m)?;
+    multiaddr_submodule(m)?;
+    networking_submodule(m)?;
+
+    // top-level constructs
+    // TODO: ...
+
+    Ok(())
+}

 define_stub_info_gatherer!(stub_info);
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/networking.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/networking.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+#![allow(
+    clippy::multiple_inherent_impl,
+    clippy::unnecessary_wraps,
+    clippy::unused_self,
+    clippy::needless_pass_by_value
+)]
+
+use crate::r#const::MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE;
+use crate::ext::{ByteArrayExt as _, FutureExt, PyErrExt as _};
+use crate::ext::{ResultExt as _, TokioMpscReceiverExt as _, TokioMpscSenderExt as _};
+use crate::pyclass;
+use crate::pylibp2p::ident::{PyKeypair, PyPeerId};
+use libp2p::futures::StreamExt as _;
+use libp2p::gossipsub::{IdentTopic, Message, MessageId, PublishError};
+use libp2p::swarm::SwarmEvent;
+use libp2p::{gossipsub, mdns};
+use networking::discovery;
+use networking::swarm::create_swarm;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
+use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+use pyo3::{Bound, Py, PyErr, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyVisit, Python, pymethods};
+use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pyclass_enum, gen_stub_pymethods};
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use tokio::sync::{Mutex, mpsc, oneshot};
+
+mod exception {
+    use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
+    use pyo3::{PyErrArguments, exceptions::PyException, prelude::*};
+    use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::*;
+
+    #[gen_stub_pyclass]
+    #[pyclass(frozen, extends=PyException, name="NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError")]
+    pub struct PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError {}
+
+    impl PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError {
+        const MSG: &'static str = "\
+        No peers are currently subscribed to receive messages on this topic. \
+        Wait for peers to subscribe or check your network connectivity.";
+
+        ///   Creates a new  [ `PyErr` ]  of this type.
+        ///
+        ///   [`PyErr`] :  https://docs.rs/pyo3/latest/pyo3/struct.PyErr.html   "PyErr in pyo3"
+        pub(crate) fn new_err() -> PyErr {
+            PyErr::new::<Self, _>(()) // TODO: check if this needs to be replaced???
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub_pymethods]
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError {
+        #[new]
+        #[pyo3(signature = (*args))]
+        #[allow(unused_variables)]
+        pub(crate) fn new(args: &Bound<'_, PyTuple>) -> Self {
+            Self {}
+        }
+
+        fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+            format!("PeerId(\"{}\")", Self::MSG)
+        }
+
+        fn __str__(&self) -> String {
+            Self::MSG.to_string()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub_pyclass]
+    #[pyclass(frozen, extends=PyException, name="AllQueuesFullError")]
+    pub struct PyAllQueuesFullError {}
+
+    impl PyAllQueuesFullError {
+        const MSG: &'static str =
+            "All libp2p peers are unresponsive, resend the message or reconnect.";
+
+        ///   Creates a new  [ `PyErr` ]  of this type.
+        ///
+        ///   [`PyErr`] :  https://docs.rs/pyo3/latest/pyo3/struct.PyErr.html   "PyErr in pyo3"
+        pub(crate) fn new_err() -> PyErr {
+            PyErr::new::<Self, _>(()) // TODO: check if this needs to be replaced???
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub_pymethods]
+    #[pymethods]
+    impl PyAllQueuesFullError {
+        #[new]
+        #[pyo3(signature = (*args))]
+        #[allow(unused_variables)]
+        pub(crate) fn new(args: &Bound<'_, PyTuple>) -> Self {
+            Self {}
+        }
+
+        fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+            format!("PeerId(\"{}\")", Self::MSG)
+        }
+
+        fn __str__(&self) -> String {
+            Self::MSG.to_string()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Connection or disconnection event discriminant type.
+#[gen_stub_pyclass_enum]
+#[pyclass(eq, eq_int, name = "ConnectionUpdateType")]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+enum PyConnectionUpdateType {
+    Connected = 0,
+    Disconnected,
+}
+
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(frozen, name = "ConnectionUpdate")]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct PyConnectionUpdate {
+    /// Whether this is a connection or disconnection event
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    update_type: PyConnectionUpdateType,
+
+    /// Identity of the peer that we have connected to or disconnected from.
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    peer_id: PyPeerId,
+
+    /// Remote connection's IPv4 address.
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    remote_ipv4: String,
+
+    /// Remote connection's TCP port.
+    #[pyo3(get)]
+    remote_tcp_port: u16,
+}
+
+enum ToTask {
+    GossipsubSubscribe {
+        topic: String,
+        result_tx: oneshot::Sender<PyResult<bool>>,
+    },
+    GossipsubUnsubscribe {
+        topic: String,
+        result_tx: oneshot::Sender<bool>,
+    },
+    GossipsubPublish {
+        topic: String,
+        data: Vec<u8>,
+        result_tx: oneshot::Sender<PyResult<MessageId>>,
+    },
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::enum_glob_use)]
+async fn networking_task(
+    mut swarm: networking::swarm::Swarm,
+    mut to_task_rx: mpsc::Receiver<ToTask>,
+    connection_update_tx: mpsc::Sender<PyConnectionUpdate>,
+    gossipsub_message_tx: mpsc::Sender<(String, Vec<u8>)>,
+) {
+    use SwarmEvent::*;
+    use ToTask::*;
+    use mdns::Event::*;
+    use networking::swarm::BehaviourEvent::*;
+
+    log::info!("RUST: networking task started");
+
+    loop {
+        tokio::select! {
+            message = to_task_rx.recv() => {
+                // handle closed channel
+                let Some(message) = message else {
+                    log::info!("RUST: channel closed");
+                    break;
+                };
+
+                // dispatch incoming messages
+                match message {
+                    GossipsubSubscribe { topic, result_tx } => {
+                        // try to subscribe
+                        let result = swarm.behaviour_mut()
+                            .gossipsub.subscribe(&IdentTopic::new(topic));
+
+                        // send response oneshot
+                        if let Err(e) = result_tx.send(result.pyerr()) {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not subscribe to gossipsub topic since channel already closed: {e:?}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    GossipsubUnsubscribe { topic, result_tx } => {
+                        // try to unsubscribe from the topic
+                        let result = swarm.behaviour_mut()
+                            .gossipsub.unsubscribe(&IdentTopic::new(topic));
+
+                        // send response oneshot (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = result_tx.send(result) {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not unsubscribe from gossipsub topic since channel already closed: {e:?}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    GossipsubPublish { topic, data, result_tx } => {
+                        // try to publish the data -> catch NoPeersSubscribedToTopic error & convert to correct exception
+                        let result = swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.publish(
+                            IdentTopic::new(topic), data);
+                        let pyresult: PyResult<MessageId> = if let Err(PublishError::NoPeersSubscribedToTopic) = result {
+                            Err(exception::PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError::new_err())
+                        } else if let Err(PublishError::AllQueuesFull(_)) = result {
+                            Err(exception::PyAllQueuesFullError::new_err())
+                        } else {
+                            result.pyerr()
+                        };
+
+                        // send response oneshot (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = result_tx.send(pyresult) {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not publish gossipsub message since channel already closed: {e:?}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // architectural solution to this problem:
+            // create keep_alive behavior who's job it is to dial peers discovered by mDNS (and drop when expired)
+            //   -> it will emmit TRUE connected/disconnected events consumable elsewhere
+            //
+            // gossipsub will feed off-of dial attempts created by networking, and that will bootstrap its' peers list
+            // then for actual communication it will dial those peers if need-be
+            swarm_event = swarm.select_next_some() => {
+                match swarm_event {
+                    Behaviour(Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
+                        message: Message {
+                            topic,
+                            data,
+                            ..
+                        },
+                        ..
+                    })) => {
+                        // topic-ID is just the topic hash!!! (since we used identity hasher)
+                        let message = (topic.into_string(), data);
+
+                        // send incoming message to channel (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = gossipsub_message_tx.send(message).await {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not send incoming gossipsub message since channel already closed: {e}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Behaviour(Discovery(discovery::Event::ConnectionEstablished { peer_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port, .. })) => {
+                        // grab IPv4 string
+                        let remote_ipv4 = match remote_ip {
+                            IpAddr::V4(ip) => ip.to_string(),
+                            IpAddr::V6(ip) => {
+                                log::warn!("RUST: ignoring connection to IPv6 address: {ip}");
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // send connection event to channel (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = connection_update_tx.send(PyConnectionUpdate {
+                            update_type: PyConnectionUpdateType::Connected,
+                            peer_id: PyPeerId(peer_id),
+                            remote_ipv4,
+                            remote_tcp_port,
+                        }).await {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not send connection update since channel already closed: {e}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Behaviour(Discovery(discovery::Event::ConnectionClosed { peer_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port, .. })) => {
+                        // grab IPv4 string
+                        let remote_ipv4 = match remote_ip {
+                            IpAddr::V4(ip) => ip.to_string(),
+                            IpAddr::V6(ip) => {
+                                log::warn!("RUST: ignoring disconnection from IPv6 address: {ip}");
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        };
+
+                        // send disconnection event to channel (or exit if connection closed)
+                        if let Err(e) = connection_update_tx.send(PyConnectionUpdate {
+                            update_type: PyConnectionUpdateType::Disconnected,
+                            peer_id: PyPeerId(peer_id),
+                            remote_ipv4,
+                            remote_tcp_port,
+                        }).await {
+                            log::error!("RUST: could not send connection update since channel already closed: {e}");
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    e => {
+                        log::info!("RUST: other event {e:?}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    log::info!("RUST: networking task stopped");
+}
+
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "NetworkingHandle")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct PyNetworkingHandle {
+    // channels
+    to_task_tx: Option<mpsc::Sender<ToTask>>,
+    connection_update_rx: Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<PyConnectionUpdate>>,
+    gossipsub_message_rx: Mutex<mpsc::Receiver<(String, Vec<u8>)>>,
+}
+
+impl Drop for PyNetworkingHandle {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // TODO: may or may not need to await a "kill-signal" oneshot channel message,
+        //       to ensure that the networking task is done BEFORE exiting the clear function...
+        //       but this may require GIL?? and it may not be safe to call GIL here??
+        self.to_task_tx = None; // Using Option<T> as a trick to force channel to be dropped
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::expect_used)]
+impl PyNetworkingHandle {
+    fn new(
+        to_task_tx: mpsc::Sender<ToTask>,
+        connection_update_rx: mpsc::Receiver<PyConnectionUpdate>,
+        gossipsub_message_rx: mpsc::Receiver<(String, Vec<u8>)>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            to_task_tx: Some(to_task_tx),
+            connection_update_rx: Mutex::new(connection_update_rx),
+            gossipsub_message_rx: Mutex::new(gossipsub_message_rx),
+        }
+    }
+
+    const fn to_task_tx(&self) -> &mpsc::Sender<ToTask> {
+        self.to_task_tx
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("The sender should only be None after de-initialization.")
+    }
+}
+
+#[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+impl PyNetworkingHandle {
+    // NOTE: `async fn`s here that use `.await` will wrap the future in `.allow_threads_py()`
+    //       immediately beforehand to release the interpreter.
+    //       SEE: https://pyo3.rs/v0.26.0/async-await.html#detaching-from-the-interpreter-across-await
+
+    // ---- Lifecycle management methods ----
+
+    #[new]
+    fn py_new(identity: Bound<'_, PyKeypair>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        use pyo3_async_runtimes::tokio::get_runtime;
+
+        // create communication channels
+        let (to_task_tx, to_task_rx) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+        let (connection_update_tx, connection_update_rx) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+        let (gossipsub_message_tx, gossipsub_message_rx) = mpsc::channel(MPSC_CHANNEL_SIZE);
+
+        // get identity
+        let identity = identity.borrow().0.clone();
+
+        // create networking swarm (within tokio context!! or it crashes)
+        let swarm = get_runtime()
+            .block_on(async { create_swarm(identity) })
+            .pyerr()?;
+
+        // spawn tokio task running the networking logic
+        get_runtime().spawn(async move {
+            networking_task(
+                swarm,
+                to_task_rx,
+                connection_update_tx,
+                gossipsub_message_tx,
+            )
+            .await;
+        });
+        Ok(Self::new(
+            to_task_tx,
+            connection_update_rx,
+            gossipsub_message_rx,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    const fn __traverse__(&self, _visit: PyVisit<'_>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError> {
+        Ok(()) // This is needed purely so `__clear__` can work
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __clear__(&mut self) {
+        // TODO: may or may not need to await a "kill-signal" oneshot channel message,
+        //       to ensure that the networking task is done BEFORE exiting the clear function...
+        //       but this may require GIL?? and it may not be safe to call GIL here??
+        self.to_task_tx = None; // Using Option<T> as a trick to force channel to be dropped
+    }
+
+    // ---- Connection update receiver methods ----
+
+    /// Receives the next `ConnectionUpdate` from networking.
+    async fn connection_update_recv(&self) -> PyResult<PyConnectionUpdate> {
+        self.connection_update_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_py()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+    }
+
+    /// Receives at most `limit` `ConnectionUpdate`s from networking and returns them.
+    ///
+    /// For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of `ConnectionUpdate`s will be returned immediately.
+    /// For `limit > 0`, if there are no `ConnectionUpdate`s in the channel's queue this method
+    /// will sleep until a `ConnectionUpdate`s is sent.
+    async fn connection_update_recv_many(&self, limit: usize) -> PyResult<Vec<PyConnectionUpdate>> {
+        self.connection_update_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_many_py(limit)
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+    }
+
+    // TODO: rn this blocks main thread if anything else is awaiting the channel (bc its a mutex)
+    //       so its too dangerous to expose just yet. figure out a better semantics for handling this,
+    //       so things don't randomly block
+    // /// Tries to receive the next `ConnectionUpdate` from networking.
+    // fn connection_update_try_recv(&self) -> PyResult<Option<PyConnectionUpdate>> {
+    //     self.connection_update_rx.blocking_lock().try_recv_py()
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Checks if the `ConnectionUpdate` channel is empty.
+    // fn connection_update_is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+    //     self.connection_update_rx.blocking_lock().is_empty()
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Returns the number of `ConnectionUpdate`s in the channel.
+    // fn connection_update_len(&self) -> usize {
+    //     self.connection_update_rx.blocking_lock().len()
+    // }
+
+    // ---- Gossipsub management methods ----
+
+    /// Subscribe to a `GossipSub` topic.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `True` if the subscription worked. Returns `False` if we were already subscribed.
+    async fn gossipsub_subscribe(&self, topic: String) -> PyResult<bool> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
+        // send off request to subscribe
+        self.to_task_tx()
+            .send_py(ToTask::GossipsubSubscribe {
+                topic,
+                result_tx: tx,
+            })
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?;
+
+        // wait for response & return any errors
+        rx.allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())?
+    }
+
+    /// Unsubscribes from a `GossipSub` topic.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `True` if we were subscribed to this topic. Returns `False` if we were not subscribed.
+    async fn gossipsub_unsubscribe(&self, topic: String) -> PyResult<bool> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
+        // send off request to unsubscribe
+        self.to_task_tx()
+            .send_py(ToTask::GossipsubUnsubscribe {
+                topic,
+                result_tx: tx,
+            })
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?;
+
+        // wait for response & convert any errors
+        rx.allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())
+    }
+
+    /// Publishes a message with multiple topics to the `GossipSub` network.
+    ///
+    /// If no peers are found that subscribe to this topic, throws `NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError` exception.
+    async fn gossipsub_publish(&self, topic: String, data: Py<PyBytes>) -> PyResult<()> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+
+        // send off request to subscribe
+        let data = Python::with_gil(|py| Vec::from(data.as_bytes(py)));
+        self.to_task_tx()
+            .send_py(ToTask::GossipsubPublish {
+                topic,
+                data,
+                result_tx: tx,
+            })
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?;
+
+        // wait for response & return any errors => ignore messageID for now!!!
+        let _ = rx
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| PyErr::receiver_channel_closed())??;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // ---- Gossipsub message receiver methods ----
+
+    /// Receives the next message from the `GossipSub` network.
+    async fn gossipsub_recv(&self) -> PyResult<(String, Py<PyBytes>)> {
+        self.gossipsub_message_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_py()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .map(|(t, d)| (t, d.pybytes()))
+    }
+
+    /// Receives at most `limit` messages from the `GossipSub` network and returns them.
+    ///
+    /// For `limit = 0`, an empty collection of messages will be returned immediately.
+    /// For `limit > 0`, if there are no messages in the channel's queue this method
+    /// will sleep until a message is sent.
+    async fn gossipsub_recv_many(&self, limit: usize) -> PyResult<Vec<(String, Py<PyBytes>)>> {
+        Ok(self
+            .gossipsub_message_rx
+            .lock()
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await
+            .recv_many_py(limit)
+            .allow_threads_py() // allow-threads-aware async call
+            .await?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(t, d)| (t, d.pybytes()))
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    // TODO: rn this blocks main thread if anything else is awaiting the channel (bc its a mutex)
+    //       so its too dangerous to expose just yet. figure out a better semantics for handling this,
+    //       so things don't randomly block
+    // /// Tries to receive the next message from the `GossipSub` network.
+    // fn gossipsub_try_recv(&self) -> PyResult<Option<(String, Py<PyBytes>)>> {
+    //     Ok(self
+    //         .gossipsub_message_rx
+    //         .blocking_lock()
+    //         .try_recv_py()?
+    //         .map(|(t, d)| (t, d.pybytes())))
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Checks if the `GossipSub` message channel is empty.
+    // fn gossipsub_is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+    //     self.gossipsub_message_rx.blocking_lock().is_empty()
+    // }
+    //
+    // /// Returns the number of `GossipSub` messages in the channel.
+    // fn gossipsub_len(&self) -> usize {
+    //     self.gossipsub_message_rx.blocking_lock().len()
+    // }
+}
+
+pub fn networking_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    m.add_class::<exception::PyNoPeersSubscribedToTopicError>()?;
+    m.add_class::<exception::PyAllQueuesFullError>()?;
+
+    m.add_class::<PyConnectionUpdateType>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyConnectionUpdate>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyConnectionUpdateType>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyNetworkingHandle>()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/ident.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+use crate::ext::ResultExt as _;
+use libp2p::PeerId;
+use libp2p::identity::Keypair;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyBytesMethods as _, PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
+use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, Python, pyclass, pymethods};
+use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
+
+/// Identity keypair of a node.
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "Keypair", frozen)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct PyKeypair(pub Keypair);
+
+#[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+impl PyKeypair {
+    /// Generate a new Ed25519 keypair.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn generate_ed25519() -> Self {
+        Self(Keypair::generate_ed25519())
+    }
+
+    /// Generate a new ECDSA keypair.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn generate_ecdsa() -> Self {
+        Self(Keypair::generate_ecdsa())
+    }
+
+    /// Generate a new Secp256k1 keypair.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn generate_secp256k1() -> Self {
+        Self(Keypair::generate_secp256k1())
+    }
+
+    /// Decode a private key from a protobuf structure and parse it as a `Keypair`.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_protobuf_encoding(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::from_protobuf_encoding(&bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Decode an keypair from a DER-encoded secret key in PKCS#8 `PrivateKeyInfo`
+    /// format (i.e. unencrypted) as defined in [RFC5208].
+    ///
+    /// [RFC5208]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5208#section-5
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn rsa_from_pkcs8(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::rsa_from_pkcs8(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Decode a keypair from a DER-encoded Secp256k1 secret key in an `ECPrivateKey`
+    /// structure as defined in [RFC5915].
+    ///
+    /// [RFC5915]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5915
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn secp256k1_from_der(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::secp256k1_from_der(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn ed25519_from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Keypair::ed25519_from_bytes(&mut bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Encode a private key as protobuf structure.
+    fn to_protobuf_encoding<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
+        let bytes = self.0.to_protobuf_encoding().pyerr()?;
+        Ok(PyBytes::new(py, &bytes))
+    }
+
+    /// Convert the `Keypair` into the corresponding `PeerId`.
+    fn to_peer_id(&self) -> PyPeerId {
+        PyPeerId(self.0.public().to_peer_id())
+    }
+
+    // /// Hidden constructor for pickling support. TODO: figure out how to do pickling...
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // #[new]
+    // fn py_new(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+    //     Self::from_protobuf_encoding(bytes)
+    // }
+    //
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // fn __setstate__(&mut self, state: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    //     *self = Self::from_protobuf_encoding(state)?;
+    //     Ok(())
+    // }
+    //
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // fn __getstate__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyBytes>> {
+    //     self.to_protobuf_encoding(py)
+    // }
+    //
+    // #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    // pub fn __getnewargs__<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> PyResult<(Bound<'py, PyBytes>,)> {
+    //     Ok((self.to_protobuf_encoding(py)?,))
+    // }
+}
+
+/// Identifier of a peer of the network.
+///
+/// The data is a `CIDv0` compatible multihash of the protobuf encoded public key of the peer
+/// as specified in [specs/peer-ids](https://github.com/libp2p/specs/blob/master/peer-ids/peer-ids.md).
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "PeerId", frozen)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct PyPeerId(pub PeerId);
+
+#[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+impl PyPeerId {
+    /// Generates a random peer ID from a cryptographically secure PRNG.
+    ///
+    /// This is useful for randomly walking on a DHT, or for testing purposes.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn random() -> Self {
+        Self(PeerId::random())
+    }
+
+    /// Parses a `PeerId` from bytes.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(PeerId::from_bytes(&bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a raw bytes representation of this `PeerId`.
+    fn to_bytes<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> Bound<'py, PyBytes> {
+        let bytes = self.0.to_bytes();
+        PyBytes::new(py, &bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a base-58 encoded string of this `PeerId`.
+    fn to_base58(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.to_base58()
+    }
+
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        format!("PeerId({})", self.to_base58())
+    }
+
+    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
+        self.to_base58()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn ident_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    m.add_class::<PyKeypair>()?;
+    m.add_class::<PyPeerId>()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//! A module for exposing Rust's libp2p datatypes over Pyo3
+//!
+//! TODO: right now we are coupled to libp2p's identity, but eventually we want to create our own
+//!       independent identity type of some kind or another. This may require handshaking.
+//!
+
+pub mod ident;
+pub mod multiaddr;
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/src/pylibp2p/multiaddr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use crate::ext::ResultExt as _;
+use libp2p::Multiaddr;
+use pyo3::prelude::{PyBytesMethods as _, PyModule, PyModuleMethods as _};
+use pyo3::types::PyBytes;
+use pyo3::{Bound, PyResult, Python, pyclass, pymethods};
+use pyo3_stub_gen::derive::{gen_stub_pyclass, gen_stub_pymethods};
+use std::str::FromStr as _;
+
+/// Representation of a Multiaddr.
+#[gen_stub_pyclass]
+#[pyclass(name = "Multiaddr", frozen)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct PyMultiaddr(pub Multiaddr);
+
+#[gen_stub_pymethods]
+#[pymethods]
+#[allow(clippy::needless_pass_by_value)]
+impl PyMultiaddr {
+    /// Create a new, empty multiaddress.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn empty() -> Self {
+        Self(Multiaddr::empty())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new, empty multiaddress with the given capacity.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn with_capacity(n: usize) -> Self {
+        Self(Multiaddr::with_capacity(n))
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `Multiaddr` value from its byte slice representation.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_bytes(bytes: Bound<'_, PyBytes>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        let bytes = Vec::from(bytes.as_bytes());
+        Ok(Self(Multiaddr::try_from(bytes).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a `Multiaddr` value from its string representation.
+    #[staticmethod]
+    fn from_string(string: String) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Ok(Self(Multiaddr::from_str(&string).pyerr()?))
+    }
+
+    /// Return the length in bytes of this multiaddress.
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.len()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the length of this multiaddress is 0.
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    /// Return a copy of this [`Multiaddr`]'s byte representation.
+    fn to_bytes<'py>(&self, py: Python<'py>) -> Bound<'py, PyBytes> {
+        let bytes = self.0.to_vec();
+        PyBytes::new(py, &bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Convert a Multiaddr to a string.
+    fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        self.0.to_string()
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __repr__(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Multiaddr({})", self.0)
+    }
+
+    #[gen_stub(skip)]
+    fn __str__(&self) -> String {
+        self.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn multiaddr_submodule(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    m.add_class::<PyMultiaddr>()?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/dummy.rs
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/dummy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use core::mem::drop;
+    use core::option::Option::Some;
+    use core::time::Duration;
+    use tokio;
+    use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_channel() {
+        struct Ping;
+
+        let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel::<Ping>(10);
+
+        let _ = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            println!("TASK: entered");
+
+            loop {
+                tokio::select! {
+                    result = rx.recv() => {
+                        match result {
+                            Some(_) => {
+                                println!("TASK: pinged");
+                            }
+                            None => {
+                                println!("TASK: closing channel");
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ = tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.1)) => {
+                        println!("TASK: heartbeat");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            println!("TASK: exited");
+        });
+
+        let tx2 = tx.clone();
+
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.11)).await;
+
+        tx.send(Ping).await.expect("Should not fail");
+        drop(tx);
+
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.11)).await;
+
+        tx2.send(Ping).await.expect("Should not fail");
+        drop(tx2);
+
+        tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs_f32(0.11)).await;
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/test_python.py
+++ b/rust/exo_pyo3_bindings/tests/test_python.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+from exo_pyo3_bindings import Keypair, NetworkingHandle, NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_sleep_on_multiple_items() -> None:
+    print("PYTHON: starting handle")
+    h = NetworkingHandle(Keypair.generate_ed25519())
+
+    ct = asyncio.create_task(_await_cons(h))
+    mt = asyncio.create_task(_await_msg(h))
+
+    # sleep for 4 ticks
+    for i in range(4):
+        await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+        try:
+            await h.gossipsub_publish("topic", b"somehting or other")
+        except NoPeersSubscribedToTopicError as e:
+            print("caught it", e)
+
+
+async def _await_cons(h: NetworkingHandle):
+    while True:
+        c = await h.connection_update_recv()
+        print(f"PYTHON: connection update: {c}")
+
+
+async def _await_msg(h: NetworkingHandle):
+    while True:
+        m = await h.gossipsub_recv()
+        print(f"PYTHON: message: {m}")
--- a/rust/networking/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/networking/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ edition = { workspace = true }
 publish = false

 [lib]
+doctest = false
 name = "networking"
 path = "src/lib.rs"

@@ -12,14 +13,27 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 workspace = true

 [dependencies]
+# datastructures
+either = { workspace = true }
+
 # macro dependencies
 extend = { workspace = true }
+delegate = { workspace = true }
+impl-trait-for-tuples = { workspace = true }
+derive_more = { workspace = true }

 # async
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
-futures-lite = { workspace = true }
+futures = { workspace = true }
+futures-timer = { workspace = true }

 # utility dependencies
+util = { workspace = true }
+thiserror = { workspace = true }
+#internment = { workspace = true }
+#recursion = { workspace = true }
+#generativity = { workspace = true }
+#itertools = { workspace = true }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.19", features = ["default", "env-filter"] }
 keccak-const = { workspace = true }

@@ -27,4 +41,4 @@ keccak-const = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }

 # networking
-libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
+libp2p = { workspace = true, features = ["full"] }
--- a/rust/networking/examples/chatroom.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/examples/chatroom.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+use futures::stream::StreamExt as _;
+use libp2p::{gossipsub, identity, swarm::SwarmEvent};
+use networking::{discovery, swarm};
+use tokio::{io, io::AsyncBufReadExt as _, select};
 use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
 use tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter;

@@ -6,4 +10,65 @@ async fn main() {
    let _ = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
        .with_env_filter(EnvFilter::from_default_env().add_directive(LevelFilter::INFO.into()))
        .try_init();
+
+    // Configure swarm
+    let mut swarm =
+        swarm::create_swarm(identity::Keypair::generate_ed25519()).expect("Swarm creation failed");
+
+    // Create a Gossipsub topic & subscribe
+    let topic = gossipsub::IdentTopic::new("test-net");
+    swarm
+        .behaviour_mut()
+        .gossipsub
+        .subscribe(&topic)
+        .expect("Subscribing to topic failed");
+
+    // Read full lines from stdin
+    let mut stdin = io::BufReader::new(io::stdin()).lines();
+    println!("Enter messages via STDIN and they will be sent to connected peers using Gossipsub");
+
+    // Kick it off
+    loop {
+        select! {
+            // on gossipsub outgoing
+            Ok(Some(line)) = stdin.next_line() => {
+                if let Err(e) = swarm
+                    .behaviour_mut().gossipsub
+                    .publish(topic.clone(), line.as_bytes()) {
+                    println!("Publish error: {e:?}");
+                }
+            }
+            event = swarm.select_next_some() => match event {
+                // on gossipsub incoming
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(swarm::BehaviourEvent::Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
+                    propagation_source: peer_id,
+                    message_id: id,
+                    message,
+                })) => println!(
+                        "\n\nGot message: '{}' with id: {id} from peer: {peer_id}\n\n",
+                        String::from_utf8_lossy(&message.data),
+                    ),
+
+                // on discovery
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(swarm::BehaviourEvent::Discovery(e)) => match e {
+                    discovery::Event::ConnectionEstablished {
+                        peer_id, connection_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port
+                    } => {
+                        println!("\n\nConnected to: {peer_id}; connection ID: {connection_id}; remote IP: {remote_ip}; remote TCP port: {remote_tcp_port}\n\n");
+                    }
+                    discovery::Event::ConnectionClosed {
+                        peer_id, connection_id, remote_ip, remote_tcp_port
+                    } => {
+                        eprintln!("\n\nDisconnected from: {peer_id}; connection ID: {connection_id}; remote IP: {remote_ip}; remote TCP port: {remote_tcp_port}\n\n");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // ignore outgoing errors: those are normal
+                e@SwarmEvent::OutgoingConnectionError { .. } => { log::debug!("Outgoing connection error: {e:?}"); }
+
+                // otherwise log any other event
+                e => { log::info!("Other event {e:?}"); }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
--- a/rust/networking/examples/chatroom_manual.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/examples/chatroom_manual.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Parity Technologies (UK) Ltd.
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+use futures::stream::StreamExt;
+use libp2p::{
+    gossipsub, mdns, noise,
+    swarm::{NetworkBehaviour, SwarmEvent},
+    tcp, yamux,
+};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::{error::Error, hash::Hash};
+use tokio::{io, io::AsyncBufReadExt, select};
+use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;
+
+// We create a custom network behaviour that combines Gossipsub and Mdns.
+#[derive(NetworkBehaviour)]
+struct MyBehaviour {
+    gossipsub: gossipsub::Behaviour,
+    mdns: mdns::tokio::Behaviour,
+}
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    let _ = tracing_subscriber::fmt()
+        .with_env_filter(EnvFilter::from_default_env())
+        .try_init();
+
+    let mut swarm = libp2p::SwarmBuilder::with_new_identity()
+        .with_tokio()
+        .with_tcp(
+            tcp::Config::default(),
+            noise::Config::new,
+            yamux::Config::default,
+        )?
+        .with_behaviour(|key| {
+            // Set a custom gossipsub configuration
+            let gossipsub_config = gossipsub::ConfigBuilder::default()
+                .heartbeat_interval(Duration::from_secs(10))
+                .validation_mode(gossipsub::ValidationMode::Strict) // This sets the kind of message validation. The default is Strict (enforce message signing)
+                .build()
+                .map_err(io::Error::other)?; // Temporary hack because `build` does not return a proper `std::error::Error`.
+
+            // build a gossipsub network behaviour
+            let gossipsub = gossipsub::Behaviour::new(
+                gossipsub::MessageAuthenticity::Signed(key.clone()),
+                gossipsub_config,
+            )?;
+
+            let mdns =
+                mdns::tokio::Behaviour::new(mdns::Config::default(), key.public().to_peer_id())?;
+            Ok(MyBehaviour { gossipsub, mdns })
+        })?
+        .build();
+
+    println!("Running swarm with identity {}", swarm.local_peer_id());
+
+    // Create a Gossipsub topic
+    let topic = gossipsub::IdentTopic::new("test-net");
+    // subscribes to our topic
+    swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.subscribe(&topic)?;
+
+    // Read full lines from stdin
+    let mut stdin = io::BufReader::new(io::stdin()).lines();
+
+    // Listen on all interfaces and whatever port the OS assigns
+    swarm.listen_on("/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse()?)?;
+
+    println!("Enter messages via STDIN and they will be sent to connected peers using Gossipsub");
+
+    // Kick it off
+    loop {
+        select! {
+            Ok(Some(line)) = stdin.next_line() => {
+                if let Err(e) = swarm
+                    .behaviour_mut().gossipsub
+                    .publish(topic.clone(), line.as_bytes()) {
+                    println!("Publish error: {e:?}");
+                }
+            }
+            event = swarm.select_next_some() => match event {
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(MyBehaviourEvent::Mdns(mdns::Event::Discovered(list))) => {
+                    for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
+                        println!("mDNS discovered a new peer: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
+                        swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.add_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
+                    }
+                },
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(MyBehaviourEvent::Mdns(mdns::Event::Expired(list))) => {
+                    for (peer_id, multiaddr) in list {
+                        println!("mDNS discover peer has expired: {peer_id} on {multiaddr}");
+                        swarm.behaviour_mut().gossipsub.remove_explicit_peer(&peer_id);
+                    }
+                },
+                SwarmEvent::Behaviour(MyBehaviourEvent::Gossipsub(gossipsub::Event::Message {
+                    propagation_source: peer_id,
+                    message_id: id,
+                    message,
+                })) => println!(
+                        "Got message: '{}' with id: {id} from peer: {peer_id}",
+                        String::from_utf8_lossy(&message.data),
+                    ),
+                SwarmEvent::NewListenAddr { address, .. } => {
+                    println!("Local node is listening on {address}");
+                }
+                e => {
+                    println!("Other swarm event: {:?}", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/networking/src/RESEARCH_NOTES.txt
+++ b/rust/networking/src/RESEARCH_NOTES.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx/commit/3fe98bacc7640d857acf3539f1d21b47a32e5609
+^raw sockets distributed -> `<net/ndrv.h>` -> https://newosxbook.com/code/xnu-3247.1.106/bsd/net/ndrv.h.auto.html
+--> header file for a networking component found in the macOS kernel (XNU) that defines structures for network device driver registration, specifically the ndrv_demux_desc and ndrv_protocol_desc structures used for demultiplexing protocol data at the network interface level. It specifies how to describe protocol data, such as an Ethernet type or a SNAP header, and how to associate these descriptions with a specific protocol family to receive matching packets.
+--> Used to bind an NDRV socket so that packets that match given protocol demux descriptions can be received.
+--> An NDRV socket is a special kind of socket in the Darwin/macOS operating system's XNU kernel, used for low-level network packet manipulation and binding to specific protocols for packet processing. It allows user-space applications or drivers to directly write Layer 2 (L2) network packets or interact with the network stack at a lower level, often by binding to protocol descriptors like the ndrv_protocol_desc. This type of socket is used for functions such as capturing and injecting packets, especially in network infrastructure software like routers or for kernel-level network monitoring and security tools.
+--> also called PF_NDRV sockets --> https://newosxbook.com/bonus/vol1ch16.html
+----> they are conceptually similar to https://scapy.disruptivelabs.in/networking/socket-interface PF_RAW or PF_PACKET
+
+https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17169298/af-packet-on-osx
+^AF_PACKET duplicates the packets as soon as it receives them from the physical layer (for incoming packets) or just before sending them out to the physical layer (for outgoing packets). -> this is on Linux only
+^it doesn't exist on OS X so you can use /dev/bpfX (Berkeley Packet Filter) for sniffing
+
+https://www.unix.com/man_page/mojave/4/ip/
+^OS X manpages for IP
+
+https://developer.apple.com/documentation/kernel/implementing_drivers_system_extensions_and_kexts
+^driver kit, system extensions & kexts for macOS
+
+----
+
+To set up a Linux system to use a Thunderbolt connection as a network device, connect the two computers with a Thunderbolt cable, load the thunderbolt-net kernel module (usually automatic but modprobe is an option for manual loading), and then the operating system will create virtual Ethernet interfaces (e.g., thunderbolt0) for networking. You can then use standard tools like ifconfig or your desktop environment's network manager to configure these new interfaces for a link-local network.
+--> https://gist.github.com/geosp/80fbd39e617b7d1d9421683df4ea224a
+----> here is a guide on how to set up thunderbolt-ethernet on linux
+----> I may be able to steal the thunderbolt-net code ideas to implement a kernel module for MacOS
+
+https://chatgpt.com/s/t_68af8e41a8548191993281a014f846a7
+^GPT discussion about making socket interface
+
+https://chatgpt.com/s/t_68afb798a85c8191973c02a0fa7a48a3 --> link-local address,,??
+https://chatgpt.com/s/t_68afb02987e08191b2b0044d3667ece2
+^GPT discussion about accessing TB on MacOS low level interactions
+
+--------------------------------
+
+https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000098893/software.html
+^Thunderbolt Share & Thunderbolt Networking Mode => intel's equivalent of thunderbolt bridge
+
+
+---------------------------------
+
+https://www.zerotier.com/blog/how-zerotier-eliminated-kernel-extensions-on-macos/
+-->fake ethernet devices on MacOS -> omg??? we can detect thunderbolt bridge, then bind to it, then re-expose it as fake ethernet??
+-->ps: https://chatgpt.com/s/t_68afb2b25fb881919526763fb5d7359c, AF/PF_NDRV are one and the same!!!
+-->https://github.com/zerotier/ZeroTierOne/blob/dev/osdep/MacEthernetTapAgent.c
--- a/rust/networking/src/discovery.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/discovery.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+use crate::ext::MultiaddrExt;
+use crate::keep_alive;
+use delegate::delegate;
+use either::Either;
+use futures::FutureExt;
+use futures_timer::Delay;
+use libp2p::core::transport::PortUse;
+use libp2p::core::{ConnectedPoint, Endpoint};
+use libp2p::swarm::behaviour::ConnectionEstablished;
+use libp2p::swarm::dial_opts::DialOpts;
+use libp2p::swarm::{
+    CloseConnection, ConnectionClosed, ConnectionDenied, ConnectionHandler,
+    ConnectionHandlerSelect, ConnectionId, FromSwarm, NetworkBehaviour, THandler, THandlerInEvent,
+    THandlerOutEvent, ToSwarm, dummy,
+};
+use libp2p::{Multiaddr, PeerId, identity, mdns};
+use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
+use std::convert::Infallible;
+use std::io;
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use util::wakerdeque::WakerDeque;
+
+const RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
+
+mod managed {
+    use libp2p::swarm::NetworkBehaviour;
+    use libp2p::{identity, mdns, ping};
+    use std::io;
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    const MDNS_RECORD_TTL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(2_500);
+    const MDNS_QUERY_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1_500);
+    const PING_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2_500);
+    const PING_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(2_500);
+
+    #[derive(NetworkBehaviour)]
+    pub struct Behaviour {
+        mdns: mdns::tokio::Behaviour,
+        ping: ping::Behaviour,
+    }
+
+    impl Behaviour {
+        pub fn new(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> io::Result<Self> {
+            Ok(Self {
+                mdns: mdns_behaviour(keypair)?,
+                ping: ping_behaviour(),
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mdns_behaviour(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> io::Result<mdns::tokio::Behaviour> {
+        use mdns::{Config, tokio};
+
+        // mDNS config => enable IPv6
+        let mdns_config = Config {
+            ttl: MDNS_RECORD_TTL,
+            query_interval: MDNS_QUERY_INTERVAL,
+
+            // enable_ipv6: true, // TODO: for some reason, TCP+mDNS don't work well with ipv6?? figure out how to make work
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let mdns_behaviour = tokio::Behaviour::new(mdns_config, keypair.public().to_peer_id());
+        Ok(mdns_behaviour?)
+    }
+
+    fn ping_behaviour() -> ping::Behaviour {
+        ping::Behaviour::new(
+            ping::Config::new()
+                .with_timeout(PING_TIMEOUT)
+                .with_interval(PING_INTERVAL),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// Events for when a listening connection is truly established and truly closed.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Event {
+    ConnectionEstablished {
+        peer_id: PeerId,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+        remote_ip: IpAddr,
+        remote_tcp_port: u16,
+    },
+    ConnectionClosed {
+        peer_id: PeerId,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+        remote_ip: IpAddr,
+        remote_tcp_port: u16,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Discovery behavior that wraps mDNS to produce truly discovered durable peer-connections.
+///
+/// The behaviour operates as such:
+///  1) All true (listening) connections/disconnections are tracked, emitting corresponding events
+///     to the swarm.
+///  1) mDNS discovered/expired peers are tracked; discovered but not connected peers are dialed
+///     immediately, and expired but connected peers are disconnected from immediately.
+///  2) Every fixed interval: discovered but not connected peers are dialed, and expired but
+///     connected peers are disconnected from.
+pub struct Behaviour {
+    // state-tracking for managed behaviors & mDNS-discovered peers
+    managed: managed::Behaviour,
+    mdns_discovered: HashMap<PeerId, BTreeSet<Multiaddr>>,
+
+    retry_delay: Delay, // retry interval
+
+    // pending events to emmit => waker-backed Deque to control polling
+    pending_events: WakerDeque<ToSwarm<Event, Infallible>>,
+}
+
+impl Behaviour {
+    pub fn new(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            managed: managed::Behaviour::new(keypair)?,
+            mdns_discovered: HashMap::new(),
+            retry_delay: Delay::new(RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL),
+            pending_events: WakerDeque::new(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn dial(&mut self, peer_id: PeerId, addr: Multiaddr) {
+        self.pending_events.push_back(ToSwarm::Dial {
+            opts: DialOpts::peer_id(peer_id).addresses(vec![addr]).build(),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn close_connection(&mut self, peer_id: PeerId, connection: ConnectionId) {
+        // push front to make this IMMEDIATE
+        self.pending_events.push_front(ToSwarm::CloseConnection {
+            peer_id,
+            connection: CloseConnection::One(connection),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn handle_mdns_discovered(&mut self, peers: Vec<(PeerId, Multiaddr)>) {
+        for (p, ma) in peers {
+            self.dial(p, ma.clone()); // always connect
+
+            // get peer's multi-addresses or insert if missing
+            let Some(mas) = self.mdns_discovered.get_mut(&p) else {
+                self.mdns_discovered.insert(p, BTreeSet::from([ma]));
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            // multiaddress should never already be present - else something has gone wrong
+            let is_new_addr = mas.insert(ma);
+            assert!(is_new_addr, "cannot discover a discovered peer");
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_mdns_expired(&mut self, peers: Vec<(PeerId, Multiaddr)>) {
+        for (p, ma) in peers {
+            // at this point, we *must* have the peer
+            let mas = self
+                .mdns_discovered
+                .get_mut(&p)
+                .expect("nonexistent peer cannot expire");
+
+            // at this point, we *must* have the multiaddress
+            let was_present = mas.remove(&ma);
+            assert!(was_present, "nonexistent multiaddress cannot expire");
+
+            // if empty, remove the peer-id entirely
+            if mas.is_empty() {
+                self.mdns_discovered.remove(&p);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn on_connection_established(
+        &mut self,
+        peer_id: PeerId,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+        remote_ip: IpAddr,
+        remote_tcp_port: u16,
+    ) {
+        // send out connected event
+        self.pending_events
+            .push_back(ToSwarm::GenerateEvent(Event::ConnectionEstablished {
+                peer_id,
+                connection_id,
+                remote_ip,
+                remote_tcp_port,
+            }));
+    }
+
+    fn on_connection_closed(
+        &mut self,
+        peer_id: PeerId,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+        remote_ip: IpAddr,
+        remote_tcp_port: u16,
+    ) {
+        // send out disconnected event
+        self.pending_events
+            .push_back(ToSwarm::GenerateEvent(Event::ConnectionClosed {
+                peer_id,
+                connection_id,
+                remote_ip,
+                remote_tcp_port,
+            }));
+    }
+}
+
+impl NetworkBehaviour for Behaviour {
+    type ConnectionHandler =
+        ConnectionHandlerSelect<dummy::ConnectionHandler, THandler<managed::Behaviour>>;
+    type ToSwarm = Event;
+
+    // simply delegate to underlying mDNS behaviour
+
+    delegate! {
+        to self.managed {
+            fn handle_pending_inbound_connection(&mut self, connection_id: ConnectionId, local_addr: &Multiaddr, remote_addr: &Multiaddr) -> Result<(), ConnectionDenied>;
+            fn handle_pending_outbound_connection(&mut self, connection_id: ConnectionId, maybe_peer: Option<PeerId>, addresses: &[Multiaddr], effective_role: Endpoint) -> Result<Vec<Multiaddr>, ConnectionDenied>;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn handle_established_inbound_connection(
+        &mut self,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+        peer: PeerId,
+        local_addr: &Multiaddr,
+        remote_addr: &Multiaddr,
+    ) -> Result<THandler<Self>, ConnectionDenied> {
+        Ok(ConnectionHandler::select(
+            dummy::ConnectionHandler,
+            self.managed.handle_established_inbound_connection(
+                connection_id,
+                peer,
+                local_addr,
+                remote_addr,
+            )?,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::needless_question_mark)]
+    fn handle_established_outbound_connection(
+        &mut self,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+        peer: PeerId,
+        addr: &Multiaddr,
+        role_override: Endpoint,
+        port_use: PortUse,
+    ) -> Result<THandler<Self>, ConnectionDenied> {
+        Ok(ConnectionHandler::select(
+            dummy::ConnectionHandler,
+            self.managed.handle_established_outbound_connection(
+                connection_id,
+                peer,
+                addr,
+                role_override,
+                port_use,
+            )?,
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn on_connection_handler_event(
+        &mut self,
+        peer_id: PeerId,
+        connection_id: ConnectionId,
+        event: THandlerOutEvent<Self>,
+    ) {
+        match event {
+            Either::Left(ev) => libp2p::core::util::unreachable(ev),
+            Either::Right(ev) => {
+                self.managed
+                    .on_connection_handler_event(peer_id, connection_id, ev)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // hook into these methods to drive behavior
+
+    fn on_swarm_event(&mut self, event: FromSwarm) {
+        self.managed.on_swarm_event(event); // let mDNS handle swarm events
+
+        // handle swarm events to update internal state:
+        match event {
+            FromSwarm::ConnectionEstablished(ConnectionEstablished {
+                peer_id,
+                connection_id,
+                endpoint,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                let remote_address = match endpoint {
+                    ConnectedPoint::Dialer { address, .. } => address,
+                    ConnectedPoint::Listener { send_back_addr, .. } => send_back_addr,
+                };
+
+                if let Some((ip, port)) = remote_address.try_to_tcp_addr() {
+                    // handle connection established event which is filtered correctly
+                    self.on_connection_established(peer_id, connection_id, ip, port)
+                }
+            }
+            FromSwarm::ConnectionClosed(ConnectionClosed {
+                peer_id,
+                connection_id,
+                endpoint,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                let remote_address = match endpoint {
+                    ConnectedPoint::Dialer { address, .. } => address,
+                    ConnectedPoint::Listener { send_back_addr, .. } => send_back_addr,
+                };
+
+                if let Some((ip, port)) = remote_address.try_to_tcp_addr() {
+                    // handle connection closed event which is filtered correctly
+                    self.on_connection_closed(peer_id, connection_id, ip, port)
+                }
+            }
+
+            // since we are running TCP/IP transport layer, we are assuming that
+            // no address changes can occur, hence encountering one is a fatal error
+            FromSwarm::AddressChange(a) => {
+                unreachable!("unhandlable: address change encountered: {:?}", a)
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn poll(&mut self, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<ToSwarm<Self::ToSwarm, THandlerInEvent<Self>>> {
+        // delegate to managed behaviors for any behaviors they need to perform
+        match self.managed.poll(cx) {
+            Poll::Ready(ToSwarm::GenerateEvent(e)) => {
+                match e {
+                    // handle discovered and expired events from mDNS
+                    managed::BehaviourEvent::Mdns(e) => match e.clone() {
+                        mdns::Event::Discovered(peers) => {
+                            self.handle_mdns_discovered(peers);
+                        }
+                        mdns::Event::Expired(peers) => {
+                            self.handle_mdns_expired(peers);
+                        }
+                    },
+
+                    // handle ping events => if error then disconnect
+                    managed::BehaviourEvent::Ping(e) => {
+                        if let Err(_) = e.result {
+                            self.close_connection(e.peer, e.connection.clone())
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // since we just consumed an event, we should immediately wake just in case
+                // there are more events to come where that came from
+                cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
+            }
+
+            // forward any other mDNS event to the swarm or its connection handler(s)
+            Poll::Ready(e) => {
+                return Poll::Ready(
+                    e.map_out(|_| unreachable!("events returning to swarm already handled"))
+                        .map_in(Either::Right),
+                );
+            }
+
+            Poll::Pending => {}
+        }
+
+        // retry connecting to all mDNS peers periodically (fails safely if already connected)
+        if self.retry_delay.poll_unpin(cx).is_ready() {
+            for (p, mas) in self.mdns_discovered.clone() {
+                for ma in mas {
+                    self.dial(p, ma)
+                }
+            }
+            self.retry_delay.reset(RETRY_CONNECT_INTERVAL) // reset timeout
+        }
+
+        // send out any pending events from our own service
+        if let Some(e) = self.pending_events.pop_front(cx) {
+            return Poll::Ready(e.map_in(Either::Left));
+        }
+
+        // wait for pending events
+        Poll::Pending
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/networking/src/keep_alive.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/keep_alive.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+use delegate::delegate;
+use libp2p::swarm::handler::ConnectionEvent;
+use libp2p::swarm::{ConnectionHandlerEvent, SubstreamProtocol, dummy, handler};
+use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+
+/// An implementation of [`ConnectionHandler`] that doesn't handle any protocols, but it keeps
+/// the connection alive.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct ConnectionHandler(dummy::ConnectionHandler);
+
+impl ConnectionHandler {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        ConnectionHandler(dummy::ConnectionHandler)
+    }
+}
+
+impl handler::ConnectionHandler for ConnectionHandler {
+    // delegate types and implementation mostly to dummy handler
+    type FromBehaviour = <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::FromBehaviour;
+    type ToBehaviour = <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::ToBehaviour;
+    type InboundProtocol =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::InboundProtocol;
+    type OutboundProtocol =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::OutboundProtocol;
+    type InboundOpenInfo =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::InboundOpenInfo;
+    type OutboundOpenInfo =
+        <dummy::ConnectionHandler as handler::ConnectionHandler>::OutboundOpenInfo;
+
+    delegate! {
+        to self.0 {
+            fn listen_protocol(&self) -> SubstreamProtocol<Self::InboundProtocol, Self::InboundOpenInfo>;
+            fn poll(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<ConnectionHandlerEvent<Self::OutboundProtocol, Self::OutboundOpenInfo, Self::ToBehaviour>>;
+            fn on_behaviour_event(&mut self, event: Self::FromBehaviour);
+            fn on_connection_event(&mut self, event: ConnectionEvent<Self::InboundProtocol, Self::OutboundProtocol, Self::InboundOpenInfo, Self::OutboundOpenInfo>);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // specifically override this to force connection to stay alive
+    fn connection_keep_alive(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/networking/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//! TODO: crate documentation
+//!
+//! this is here as a placeholder documentation
+//!
+//!
+
+// enable Rust-unstable features for convenience
+#![feature(trait_alias)]
+// #![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
+// #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
+// #![feature(assert_matches)]
+// #![feature(async_fn_in_dyn_trait)]
+// #![feature(async_for_loop)]
+// #![feature(auto_traits)]
+// #![feature(negative_impls)]
+
+pub mod discovery;
+pub mod keep_alive;
+pub mod swarm;
+
+/// Namespace for all the type/trait aliases used by this crate.
+pub(crate) mod alias {
+    use std::error::Error;
+
+    pub type AnyError = Box<dyn Error + Send + Sync + 'static>;
+    pub type AnyResult<T> = Result<T, AnyError>;
+}
+
+/// Namespace for crate-wide extension traits/methods
+pub(crate) mod ext {
+    use extend::ext;
+    use libp2p::Multiaddr;
+    use libp2p::multiaddr::Protocol;
+    use std::net::IpAddr;
+
+    #[ext(pub, name = MultiaddrExt)]
+    impl Multiaddr {
+        /// If the multiaddress corresponds to a TCP address, extracts it
+        fn try_to_tcp_addr(&self) -> Option<(IpAddr, u16)> {
+            let mut ps = self.into_iter();
+            let ip = if let Some(p) = ps.next() {
+                match p {
+                    Protocol::Ip4(ip) => IpAddr::V4(ip),
+                    Protocol::Ip6(ip) => IpAddr::V6(ip),
+                    _ => return None,
+                }
+            } else {
+                return None;
+            };
+            let Some(Protocol::Tcp(port)) = ps.next() else {
+                return None;
+            };
+            Some((ip, port))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) mod private {
+    #![allow(dead_code)]
+
+    /// Sealed traits support
+    pub trait Sealed {}
+    impl<T: ?Sized> Sealed for T {}
+}
--- a/rust/networking/src/swarm.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/src/swarm.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+use crate::alias;
+use crate::swarm::transport::tcp_transport;
+pub use behaviour::{Behaviour, BehaviourEvent};
+use libp2p::{SwarmBuilder, identity};
+
+pub type Swarm = libp2p::Swarm<Behaviour>;
+
+/// The current version of the network: this prevents devices running different versions of the
+/// software from interacting with each other.
+///
+/// TODO: right now this is a hardcoded constant; figure out what the versioning semantics should
+///       even be, and how to inject the right version into this config/initialization. E.g. should
+///       this be passed in as a parameter? What about rapidly changing versions in debug builds?
+///       this is all VERY very hard to figure out and needs to be mulled over as a team.
+pub const NETWORK_VERSION: &[u8] = b"v0.0.1";
+pub const OVERRIDE_VERSION_ENV_VAR: &str = "EXO_LIBP2P_NAMESPACE";
+
+/// Create and configure a swarm which listens to all ports on OS
+pub fn create_swarm(keypair: identity::Keypair) -> alias::AnyResult<Swarm> {
+    let mut swarm = SwarmBuilder::with_existing_identity(keypair)
+        .with_tokio()
+        .with_other_transport(tcp_transport)?
+        .with_behaviour(Behaviour::new)?
+        .build();
+
+    // Listen on all interfaces and whatever port the OS assigns
+    swarm.listen_on("/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/0".parse()?)?;
+    Ok(swarm)
+}
+
+mod transport {
+    use crate::alias;
+    use crate::swarm::{NETWORK_VERSION, OVERRIDE_VERSION_ENV_VAR};
+    use futures::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
+    use keccak_const::Sha3_256;
+    use libp2p::core::muxing;
+    use libp2p::core::transport::Boxed;
+    use libp2p::pnet::{PnetError, PnetOutput};
+    use libp2p::{PeerId, Transport, identity, noise, pnet, yamux};
+    use std::{env, sync::LazyLock};
+
+    /// Key used for networking's private network; parametrized on the [`NETWORK_VERSION`].
+    /// See [`pnet_upgrade`] for more.
+    static PNET_PRESHARED_KEY: LazyLock<[u8; 32]> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+        let builder = Sha3_256::new().update(b"exo_discovery_network");
+
+        if let Ok(var) = env::var(OVERRIDE_VERSION_ENV_VAR) {
+            let bytes = var.into_bytes();
+            builder.update(&bytes)
+        } else {
+            builder.update(NETWORK_VERSION)
+        }
+        .finalize()
+    });
+
+    /// Make the Swarm run on a private network, as to not clash with public libp2p nodes and
+    /// also different-versioned instances of this same network.
+    /// This is implemented as an additional "upgrade" ontop of existing [`libp2p::Transport`] layers.
+    async fn pnet_upgrade<TSocket>(
+        socket: TSocket,
+        _: impl Sized,
+    ) -> Result<PnetOutput<TSocket>, PnetError>
+    where
+        TSocket: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Send + Unpin + 'static,
+    {
+        use pnet::{PnetConfig, PreSharedKey};
+        PnetConfig::new(PreSharedKey::new(*PNET_PRESHARED_KEY))
+            .handshake(socket)
+            .await
+    }
+
+    /// TCP/IP transport layer configuration.
+    pub fn tcp_transport(
+        keypair: &identity::Keypair,
+    ) -> alias::AnyResult<Boxed<(PeerId, muxing::StreamMuxerBox)>> {
+        use libp2p::{
+            core::upgrade::Version,
+            tcp::{Config, tokio},
+        };
+
+        // `TCP_NODELAY` enabled => avoid latency
+        let tcp_config = Config::default().nodelay(true);
+
+        // V1 + lazy flushing => 0-RTT negotiation
+        let upgrade_version = Version::V1Lazy;
+
+        // Noise is faster than TLS + we don't care much for security
+        let noise_config = noise::Config::new(keypair)?;
+
+        // Use default Yamux config for multiplexing
+        let yamux_config = yamux::Config::default();
+
+        // Create new Tokio-driven TCP/IP transport layer
+        let base_transport = tokio::Transport::new(tcp_config)
+            .and_then(pnet_upgrade)
+            .upgrade(upgrade_version)
+            .authenticate(noise_config)
+            .multiplex(yamux_config);
+
+        // Return boxed transport (to flatten complex type)
+        Ok(base_transport.boxed())
+    }
+}
+
+mod behaviour {
+    use crate::{alias, discovery};
+    use libp2p::swarm::NetworkBehaviour;
+    use libp2p::{gossipsub, identity};
+
+    /// Behavior of the Swarm which composes all desired behaviors:
+    /// Right now its just [`discovery::Behaviour`] and [`gossipsub::Behaviour`].
+    #[derive(NetworkBehaviour)]
+    pub struct Behaviour {
+        pub discovery: discovery::Behaviour,
+        pub gossipsub: gossipsub::Behaviour,
+    }
+
+    impl Behaviour {
+        pub fn new(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> alias::AnyResult<Self> {
+            Ok(Self {
+                discovery: discovery::Behaviour::new(keypair)?,
+                gossipsub: gossipsub_behaviour(keypair),
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn gossipsub_behaviour(keypair: &identity::Keypair) -> gossipsub::Behaviour {
+        use gossipsub::{ConfigBuilder, MessageAuthenticity, ValidationMode};
+
+        // build a gossipsub network behaviour
+        //  => signed message authenticity + strict validation mode means the message-ID is
+        //     automatically provided by gossipsub w/out needing to provide custom message-ID function
+        gossipsub::Behaviour::new(
+            MessageAuthenticity::Signed(keypair.clone()),
+            ConfigBuilder::default()
+                .max_transmit_size(1024 * 1024)
+                .validation_mode(ValidationMode::Strict)
+                .build()
+                .expect("the configuration should always be valid"),
+        )
+        .expect("creating gossipsub behavior should always work")
+    }
+}
--- a/rust/networking/tests/dummy.rs
+++ b/rust/networking/tests/dummy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// maybe this will hold test in the future...??
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    #[test]
+    fn does_nothing() {}
+}
--- a/rust/util/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/util/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[package]
+name = "util"
+version = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+publish = false
+
+[lib]
+doctest = false
+name = "util"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
--- a/rust/util/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/util/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod wakerdeque;
--- a/rust/util/src/wakerdeque.rs
+++ b/rust/util/src/wakerdeque.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
+use std::task::{Context, Waker};
+
+/// A wrapper around [`VecDeque`] which wakes (if it can) on any `push_*` methods,
+/// and updates the internally stored waker by consuming [`Context`] on any `pop_*` methods.
+pub struct WakerDeque<T> {
+    waker: Option<Waker>,
+    deque: VecDeque<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Debug> Debug for WakerDeque<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.deque.fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> WakerDeque<T> {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            waker: None,
+            deque: VecDeque::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) {
+        self.waker = Some(cx.waker().clone());
+    }
+
+    fn wake(&mut self) {
+        let Some(ref mut w) = self.waker else { return };
+        w.wake_by_ref();
+        self.waker = None;
+    }
+
+    pub fn pop_front(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Option<T> {
+        self.update(cx);
+        self.deque.pop_front()
+    }
+
+    pub fn pop_back(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Option<T> {
+        self.update(cx);
+        self.deque.pop_back()
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_front(&mut self, value: T) {
+        self.wake();
+        self.deque.push_front(value);
+    }
+
+    pub fn push_back(&mut self, value: T) {
+        self.wake();
+        self.deque.push_back(value);
+    }
+}
--- a/src/exo/download/coordinator.py
+++ b/src/exo/download/coordinator.py
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
    download_command_receiver: Receiver[ForwarderDownloadCommand]
    local_event_sender: Sender[ForwarderEvent]
    event_index_counter: Iterator[int]
-    offline: bool = False

    # Local state
    download_status: dict[ModelId, DownloadProgress] = field(default_factory=dict)
@@ -63,8 +62,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        self.event_sender, self.event_receiver = channel[Event]()
-        if self.offline:
-            self.shard_downloader.set_internet_connection(False)
        self.shard_downloader.on_progress(self._download_progress_callback)

    def _model_dir(self, model_id: ModelId) -> str:
@@ -110,17 +107,13 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
            self._last_progress_time[model_id] = current_time()

    async def run(self) -> None:
-        logger.info(
-            f"Starting DownloadCoordinator{' (offline mode)' if self.offline else ''}"
-        )
-        if not self.offline:
-            self._test_internet_connection()
+        logger.info("Starting DownloadCoordinator")
+        self._test_internet_connection()
        async with self._tg as tg:
            tg.start_soon(self._command_processor)
            tg.start_soon(self._forward_events)
            tg.start_soon(self._emit_existing_download_progress)
-            if not self.offline:
-                tg.start_soon(self._check_internet_connection)
+            tg.start_soon(self._check_internet_connection)

    def _test_internet_connection(self) -> None:
        try:
@@ -209,20 +202,6 @@ class DownloadCoordinator:
            )
            return

-        if self.offline:
-            logger.warning(
-                f"Offline mode: model {model_id} is not fully available locally, cannot download"
-            )
-            failed = DownloadFailed(
-                shard_metadata=shard,
-                node_id=self.node_id,
-                error_message=f"Model files not found locally in offline mode: {model_id}",
-                model_directory=self._model_dir(model_id),
-            )
-            self.download_status[model_id] = failed
-            await self.event_sender.send(NodeDownloadProgress(download_progress=failed))
-            return
-
        # Start actual download
        self._start_download_task(shard, initial_progress)

--- a/src/exo/download/download_utils.py
+++ b/src/exo/download/download_utils.py
@@ -448,13 +448,12 @@ async def download_file_with_retry(
    target_dir: Path,
    on_progress: Callable[[int, int, bool], None] = lambda _, __, ___: None,
    on_connection_lost: Callable[[], None] = lambda: None,
-    skip_internet: bool = False,
 ) -> Path:
    n_attempts = 3
    for attempt in range(n_attempts):
        try:
            return await _download_file(
-                model_id, revision, path, target_dir, on_progress, skip_internet
+                model_id, revision, path, target_dir, on_progress
            )
        except HuggingFaceAuthenticationError:
            raise
@@ -488,14 +487,10 @@ async def _download_file(
    path: str,
    target_dir: Path,
    on_progress: Callable[[int, int, bool], None] = lambda _, __, ___: None,
-    skip_internet: bool = False,
 ) -> Path:
    target_path = target_dir / path

    if await aios.path.exists(target_path):
-        if skip_internet:
-            return target_path
-
        local_size = (await aios.stat(target_path)).st_size

        # Try to verify against remote, but allow offline operation
@@ -515,11 +510,6 @@ async def _download_file(
            )
            return target_path

-    if skip_internet:
-        raise FileNotFoundError(
-            f"File {path} not found locally and cannot download in offline mode"
-        )
-
    await aios.makedirs((target_dir / path).parent, exist_ok=True)
    length, etag = await file_meta(model_id, revision, path)
    remote_hash = etag[:-5] if etag.endswith("-gzip") else etag
@@ -824,7 +814,6 @@ async def download_shard(
                    file, curr_bytes, total_bytes, is_renamed
                ),
                on_connection_lost=on_connection_lost,
-                skip_internet=skip_internet,
            )

    if not skip_download:
--- a/src/exo/download/tests/test_offline_mode.py
+++ b/src/exo/download/tests/test_offline_mode.py
@@ -1,230 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for offline/air-gapped mode."""
-
-from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
-
-import aiofiles
-import aiofiles.os as aios
-import pytest
-
-from exo.download.download_utils import (
-    _download_file,  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
-    download_file_with_retry,
-    fetch_file_list_with_cache,
-)
-from exo.shared.types.common import ModelId
-from exo.shared.types.worker.downloads import FileListEntry
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def model_id() -> ModelId:
-    return ModelId("test-org/test-model")
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-async def temp_models_dir(tmp_path: Path) -> AsyncIterator[Path]:
-    models_dir = tmp_path / "models"
-    await aios.makedirs(models_dir, exist_ok=True)
-    with patch("exo.download.download_utils.EXO_MODELS_DIR", models_dir):
-        yield models_dir
-
-
-class TestDownloadFileOffline:
-    """Tests for _download_file with skip_internet=True."""
-
-    async def test_returns_local_file_without_http_verification(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, tmp_path: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """When skip_internet=True and file exists locally, return it immediately
-        without making any HTTP calls (no file_meta verification)."""
-        target_dir = tmp_path / "downloads"
-        await aios.makedirs(target_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-        local_file = target_dir / "model.safetensors"
-        async with aiofiles.open(local_file, "wb") as f:
-            await f.write(b"model weights data")
-
-        with patch(
-            "exo.download.download_utils.file_meta",
-            new_callable=AsyncMock,
-        ) as mock_file_meta:
-            result = await _download_file(
-                model_id,
-                "main",
-                "model.safetensors",
-                target_dir,
-                skip_internet=True,
-            )
-
-            assert result == local_file
-            mock_file_meta.assert_not_called()
-
-    async def test_raises_file_not_found_for_missing_file(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, tmp_path: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """When skip_internet=True and file does NOT exist locally,
-        raise FileNotFoundError instead of attempting download."""
-        target_dir = tmp_path / "downloads"
-        await aios.makedirs(target_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match="offline mode"):
-            await _download_file(
-                model_id,
-                "main",
-                "missing_model.safetensors",
-                target_dir,
-                skip_internet=True,
-            )
-
-    async def test_returns_local_file_in_subdirectory(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, tmp_path: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """When skip_internet=True and file exists in a subdirectory,
-        return it without HTTP calls."""
-        target_dir = tmp_path / "downloads"
-        subdir = target_dir / "transformer"
-        await aios.makedirs(subdir, exist_ok=True)
-
-        local_file = subdir / "diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors"
-        async with aiofiles.open(local_file, "wb") as f:
-            await f.write(b"weights")
-
-        with patch(
-            "exo.download.download_utils.file_meta",
-            new_callable=AsyncMock,
-        ) as mock_file_meta:
-            result = await _download_file(
-                model_id,
-                "main",
-                "transformer/diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors",
-                target_dir,
-                skip_internet=True,
-            )
-
-            assert result == local_file
-            mock_file_meta.assert_not_called()
-
-
-class TestDownloadFileWithRetryOffline:
-    """Tests for download_file_with_retry with skip_internet=True."""
-
-    async def test_propagates_skip_internet_to_download_file(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, tmp_path: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """Verify skip_internet is passed through to _download_file."""
-        target_dir = tmp_path / "downloads"
-        await aios.makedirs(target_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-        local_file = target_dir / "config.json"
-        async with aiofiles.open(local_file, "wb") as f:
-            await f.write(b'{"model_type": "qwen2"}')
-
-        with patch(
-            "exo.download.download_utils.file_meta",
-            new_callable=AsyncMock,
-        ) as mock_file_meta:
-            result = await download_file_with_retry(
-                model_id,
-                "main",
-                "config.json",
-                target_dir,
-                skip_internet=True,
-            )
-
-            assert result == local_file
-            mock_file_meta.assert_not_called()
-
-    async def test_file_not_found_does_not_retry(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, tmp_path: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """FileNotFoundError from offline mode should not trigger retries."""
-        target_dir = tmp_path / "downloads"
-        await aios.makedirs(target_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError):
-            await download_file_with_retry(
-                model_id,
-                "main",
-                "nonexistent.safetensors",
-                target_dir,
-                skip_internet=True,
-            )
-
-
-class TestFetchFileListOffline:
-    """Tests for fetch_file_list_with_cache with skip_internet=True."""
-
-    async def test_uses_cached_file_list(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, temp_models_dir: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """When skip_internet=True and cache file exists, use it without network."""
-        from pydantic import TypeAdapter
-
-        cache_dir = temp_models_dir / "caches" / model_id.normalize()
-        await aios.makedirs(cache_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-        cached_list = [
-            FileListEntry(type="file", path="model.safetensors", size=1000),
-            FileListEntry(type="file", path="config.json", size=200),
-        ]
-        cache_file = cache_dir / f"{model_id.normalize()}--main--file_list.json"
-        async with aiofiles.open(cache_file, "w") as f:
-            await f.write(
-                TypeAdapter(list[FileListEntry]).dump_json(cached_list).decode()
-            )
-
-        with patch(
-            "exo.download.download_utils.fetch_file_list_with_retry",
-            new_callable=AsyncMock,
-        ) as mock_fetch:
-            result = await fetch_file_list_with_cache(
-                model_id, "main", skip_internet=True
-            )
-
-            assert result == cached_list
-            mock_fetch.assert_not_called()
-
-    async def test_falls_back_to_local_directory_scan(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, temp_models_dir: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """When skip_internet=True and no cache but local files exist,
-        build file list from local directory."""
-        import json
-
-        model_dir = temp_models_dir / model_id.normalize()
-        await aios.makedirs(model_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-        async with aiofiles.open(model_dir / "config.json", "w") as f:
-            await f.write('{"model_type": "qwen2"}')
-
-        index_data = {
-            "metadata": {},
-            "weight_map": {"model.layers.0.weight": "model.safetensors"},
-        }
-        async with aiofiles.open(model_dir / "model.safetensors.index.json", "w") as f:
-            await f.write(json.dumps(index_data))
-
-        async with aiofiles.open(model_dir / "model.safetensors", "wb") as f:
-            await f.write(b"x" * 500)
-
-        with patch(
-            "exo.download.download_utils.fetch_file_list_with_retry",
-            new_callable=AsyncMock,
-        ) as mock_fetch:
-            result = await fetch_file_list_with_cache(
-                model_id, "main", skip_internet=True
-            )
-
-            mock_fetch.assert_not_called()
-            paths = {entry.path for entry in result}
-            assert "config.json" in paths
-            assert "model.safetensors" in paths
-
-    async def test_raises_when_no_cache_and_no_local_files(
-        self, model_id: ModelId, temp_models_dir: Path
-    ) -> None:
-        """When skip_internet=True and neither cache nor local files exist,
-        raise FileNotFoundError."""
-        with pytest.raises(FileNotFoundError, match="No internet"):
-            await fetch_file_list_with_cache(model_id, "main", skip_internet=True)
--- a/src/exo/main.py
+++ b/src/exo/main.py
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ class Node:

    node_id: NodeId
    event_index_counter: Iterator[int]
-    offline: bool
    _tg: TaskGroup = field(init=False, default_factory=anyio.create_task_group)

    @classmethod
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ class Node:
                download_command_receiver=router.receiver(topics.DOWNLOAD_COMMANDS),
                local_event_sender=router.sender(topics.LOCAL_EVENTS),
                event_index_counter=event_index_counter,
-                offline=args.offline,
            )
        else:
            download_coordinator = None
@@ -134,13 +132,10 @@ class Node:
            api,
            node_id,
            event_index_counter,
-            args.offline,
        )

    async def run(self):
        async with self._tg as tg:
-            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())
-            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())
            tg.start_soon(self.router.run)
            tg.start_soon(self.election.run)
            if self.download_coordinator:
@@ -152,6 +147,8 @@ class Node:
            if self.api:
                tg.start_soon(self.api.run)
            tg.start_soon(self._elect_loop)
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())
+            signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, lambda _, __: self.shutdown())

    def shutdown(self):
        # if this is our second call to shutdown, just sys.exit
@@ -225,7 +222,6 @@ class Node:
                            ),
                            local_event_sender=self.router.sender(topics.LOCAL_EVENTS),
                            event_index_counter=self.event_index_counter,
-                            offline=self.offline,
                        )
                        self._tg.start_soon(self.download_coordinator.run)
                    if self.worker:
@@ -264,9 +260,6 @@ def main():
    logger.info("Starting EXO")
    logger.info(f"EXO_LIBP2P_NAMESPACE: {os.getenv('EXO_LIBP2P_NAMESPACE')}")

-    if args.offline:
-        logger.info("Running in OFFLINE mode — no internet checks, local models only")
-
    # Set FAST_SYNCH override env var for runner subprocesses
    if args.fast_synch is True:
        os.environ["EXO_FAST_SYNCH"] = "on"
@@ -289,7 +282,6 @@ class Args(CamelCaseModel):
    tb_only: bool = False
    no_worker: bool = False
    no_downloads: bool = False
-    offline: bool = False
    fast_synch: bool | None = None  # None = auto, True = force on, False = force off

    @classmethod
@@ -337,11 +329,6 @@ class Args(CamelCaseModel):
            action="store_true",
            help="Disable the download coordinator (node won't download models)",
        )
-        parser.add_argument(
-            "--offline",
-            action="store_true",
-            help="Run in offline/air-gapped mode: skip internet checks, use only pre-staged local models",
-        )
        fast_synch_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
        fast_synch_group.add_argument(
            "--fast-synch",
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Sami Khan	3e9eb93f82	exo theme	2026-02-19 04:21:58 +05:00
Sami Khan	ab622f79c3	EXO iOS app	2026-02-18 06:40:07 +05:00