📝 Update release notes

[skip ci]

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -4,26 +4,47 @@ updates:
   - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
+      interval: "weekly"
     cooldown:
       default-days: 7
     commit-message:
       prefix: ⬆
+    labels:
+      - "internal"
+      - "dependencies"
+      - "github_actions"
+    groups:
+      github-actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
   # Python
   - package-ecosystem: "uv"
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
+      interval: "weekly"
     cooldown:
       default-days: 7
     commit-message:
       prefix: ⬆
+    groups:
+      python-packages:
+        dependency-type: "development"
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
   # pre-commit
   - package-ecosystem: "pre-commit"
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
+      interval: "weekly"
     cooldown:
       default-days: 7
     commit-message:
       prefix: ⬆
+    labels:
+      - "internal"
+      - "dependencies"
+      - "pre-commit"
+    groups:
+      pre-commit:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@08807647e7069bb48b6ef5acd8ec9567f424441b # v8.1.0
         with:
           version: "0.11.4"
+          enable-cache: "false"
       - name: Build distribution
         run: uv build
       - name: Publish

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ jobs:
             uv-resolution: highest
             codspeed: codspeed
             deprecated-tests: "no-deprecation"
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
+            python-version: "3.13"
+            uv-resolution: highest
+            deprecated-tests: "no-deprecation"
+            without-httpx2: true
           - os: ubuntu-latest
             python-version: "3.14"
             coverage: coverage
@@ -129,15 +134,19 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install deprecated libraries just for testing
         if: matrix.deprecated-tests == 'test-deprecation'
         run: uv pip install orjson ujson
+      - name: Uninstall httpx2 to run tests with httpx
+        if: matrix.without-httpx2 == 'true'
+        run: uv pip uninstall httpx2
       - name: Reinstall SQLAlchemy without Cython extensions
         if: matrix.python-version == '3.14t' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
         run: "DISABLE_SQLALCHEMY_CEXT=1 uv pip install --force-reinstall --no-binary :all: sqlalchemy"
       - run: mkdir coverage
       - name: Test
-        run: uv run --no-sync bash scripts/test-cov.sh
+        run: uv run --no-sync bash scripts/test-cov.sh $PYTEST_OPTIONS
         env:
           COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.deprecated-tests}}
           CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ matrix.deprecated-tests}}
+          PYTEST_OPTIONS: ${{ (matrix.without-httpx2 == 'true') && '-W ignore::UserWarning' || '' }}
       # Do not store coverage for all possible combinations to avoid file size max errors in Smokeshow
       - name: Store coverage files
         if: matrix.coverage == 'coverage'

docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ There are several alternatives, including:
 * [Hypercorn](https://hypercorn.readthedocs.io/): an ASGI server compatible with HTTP/2 and Trio among other features.
 * [Daphne](https://github.com/django/daphne): the ASGI server built for Django Channels.
 * [Granian](https://github.com/emmett-framework/granian): A Rust HTTP server for Python applications.
-* [NGINX Unit](https://unit.nginx.org/howto/fastapi/): NGINX Unit is a lightweight and versatile web application runtime.
 
 ## Server Machine and Server Program { #server-machine-and-server-program }
 

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@ hide:
 
 ## Latest Changes
 
+### Docs
+
+* ✏️ Use `Annotated` in inline example in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#15591](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/15591) by [@TheArchons](https://github.com/TheArchons).
+* 📝 Remove "NGINX Unit" from the list of ASGI-servers in docs. PR [#15475](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/15475) by [@angryfoxx](https://github.com/angryfoxx).
+* 📝 Update `docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#14781](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14781) by [@zadevhub](https://github.com/zadevhub).
+
+### Internal
+
+* ✅ Add `httpx2` test dependency to avoid deprecation warning. PR [#15603](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/15603) by [@YuriiMotov](https://github.com/YuriiMotov).
+* ⬆ Bump the python-packages group with 15 updates. PR [#15594](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/15594) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot).
+* 👷 Configure Dependabot to group updates and update weekly. PR [#15560](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/15560) by [@YuriiMotov](https://github.com/YuriiMotov).
+
+## 0.136.3 (2026-05-23)
+
+### Refactors
+
+* ♻️ Do not accept underscore headers when using `convert_underscores=True` (the default). PR [#15589](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/15589) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
 ## 0.136.2 (2026-05-23)
 
 ### Refactors

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ By default, **FastAPI** will then expect its body directly.
 But if you want it to expect a JSON with a key `item` and inside of it the model contents, as it does when you declare extra body parameters, you can use the special `Body` parameter `embed`:
 
 ```Python
-item: Item = Body(embed=True)
+item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]
 ```
 
 as in:

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4
 
 It is not encrypted, so, anyone could recover the information from the contents.
 
-But it's signed. So, when you receive a token that you emitted, you can verify that you actually emitted it.
+But it's signed. So, when you receive a token that you issued, you can verify that it was you who issued it.
 
 That way, you can create a token with an expiration of, let's say, 1 week. And then when the user comes back the next day with the token, you know that user is still logged in to your system.
 

fastapi/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production"""
 
-__version__ = "0.136.2"
+__version__ = "0.136.3"
 
 from starlette import status as status
 

fastapi/dependencies/utils.py

@@ -826,6 +826,10 @@ def request_params_to_args(
         if value is not None:
             params_to_process[get_validation_alias(field)] = value
         processed_keys.add(alias or get_validation_alias(field))
+        # For headers with convert_underscores=True, mark both the converted
+        # header name and the original field alias as processed to avoid
+        # accepting the original alias as an extra header.
+        processed_keys.add(get_validation_alias(field))
 
     for key in received_params.keys():
         if key not in processed_keys:

pyproject.toml

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ docs = [
 ]
 docs-tests = [
     "httpx >=0.23.0,<1.0.0",
+    "httpx2>=2.0.0",
     "ruff >=0.14.14",
 ]
 github-actions = [

tests/test_query_cookie_header_model_extra_params.py

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
     model_config = {"extra": "allow"}
 
 
+class AuthHeaders(BaseModel):
+    x_user_id: str
+
+
 @app.get("/query")
 async def query_model_with_extra(data: Model = Query()):
     return data
@@ -26,6 +30,11 @@ async def cookies_model_with_extra(data: Model = Cookie()):
     return data
 
 
+@app.get("/header-requires-hyphen")
+async def header_model_requires_hyphen(data: AuthHeaders = Header()):
+    return data
+
+
 def test_query_pass_extra_list():
     client = TestClient(app)
     resp = client.get(
@@ -91,6 +100,32 @@ def test_header_pass_extra_single():
     assert resp_json["param2"] == "456"
 
 
+def test_header_model_prefers_hyphenated_header_with_convert_underscores():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+
+    resp = client.get(
+        "/header-requires-hyphen",
+        headers=[
+            ("x-user-id", "hyphenated-value"),
+            ("x_user_id", "underscore-value"),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    assert resp.json() == {"x_user_id": "hyphenated-value"}
+
+
+def test_header_model_rejects_underscore_header_with_convert_underscores():
+    client = TestClient(app)
+
+    resp = client.get(
+        "/header-requires-hyphen", headers={"x_user_id": "underscore-value"}
+    )
+
+    assert resp.status_code == 422
+    assert resp.json()["detail"][0]["loc"] == ["header", "x_user_id"]
+
+
 def test_cookie_pass_extra_list():
     client = TestClient(app)
     client.cookies = [

tests/test_tutorial/test_header_param_models/test_tutorial001.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import importlib
 
 import pytest
+from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from inline_snapshot import snapshot
 
@@ -68,7 +69,9 @@ def test_header_param_model_invalid(client: TestClient):
                         "x_tag": [],
                         "host": "testserver",
                         "accept": "*/*",
-                        "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate",
+                        "accept-encoding": IsOneOf(
+                            "gzip, deflate", "gzip, deflate, zstd"
+                        ),
                         "connection": "keep-alive",
                         "user-agent": "testclient",
                     },

tests/test_tutorial/test_header_param_models/test_tutorial003.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import importlib
 
 import pytest
+from dirty_equals import IsOneOf
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 from inline_snapshot import snapshot
 
@@ -66,7 +67,9 @@ def test_header_param_model_no_underscore(client: TestClient):
                         "traceparent": "123",
                         "x_tag": [],
                         "accept": "*/*",
-                        "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate",
+                        "accept-encoding": IsOneOf(
+                            "gzip, deflate", "gzip, deflate, zstd"
+                        ),
                         "connection": "keep-alive",
                         "user-agent": "testclient",
                         "save-data": "true",
@@ -105,7 +108,9 @@ def test_header_param_model_invalid(client: TestClient):
                         "x_tag": [],
                         "host": "testserver",
                         "accept": "*/*",
-                        "accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate",
+                        "accept-encoding": IsOneOf(
+                            "gzip, deflate", "gzip, deflate, zstd"
+                        ),
                         "connection": "keep-alive",
                         "user-agent": "testclient",
                     },