🔖 Release version 0.65.0

Co-authored-by: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false

.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 FROM python:3.7
 
-RUN pip install httpx "pydantic==1.5.1"
+RUN pip install httpx "pydantic==1.5.1" pygithub
 
 COPY ./app /app
 

.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+name: Comment Docs Preview in PR
+description: Comment with the docs URL preview in the PR
+author: Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>
+inputs:
+  token:
+    description: Token for the repo. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+    required: true
+  deploy_url:
+    description: The deployment URL to comment in the PR
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: docker
+  image: Dockerfile

.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import logging
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional
+
+import httpx
+from github import Github
+from github.PullRequest import PullRequest
+from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr, ValidationError
+
+github_api = "https://api.github.com"
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    github_repository: str
+    github_event_path: Path
+    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
+    input_token: SecretStr
+    input_deploy_url: str
+
+
+class PartialGithubEventHeadCommit(BaseModel):
+    id: str
+
+
+class PartialGithubEventWorkflowRun(BaseModel):
+    head_commit: PartialGithubEventHeadCommit
+
+
+class PartialGithubEvent(BaseModel):
+    workflow_run: PartialGithubEventWorkflowRun
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+    settings = Settings()
+    logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}")
+    g = Github(settings.input_token.get_secret_value())
+    repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository)
+    try:
+        event = PartialGithubEvent.parse_file(settings.github_event_path)
+    except ValidationError as e:
+        logging.error(f"Error parsing event file: {e.errors()}")
+        sys.exit(0)
+    use_pr: Optional[PullRequest] = None
+    for pr in repo.get_pulls():
+        if pr.head.sha == event.workflow_run.head_commit.id:
+            use_pr = pr
+            break
+    if not use_pr:
+        logging.error(
+            f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}"
+        )
+        sys.exit(0)
+    github_headers = {
+        "Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"
+    }
+    url = f"{github_api}/repos/{settings.github_repository}/issues/{use_pr.number}/comments"
+    logging.info(f"Using comments URL: {url}")
+    response = httpx.post(
+        url,
+        headers=github_headers,
+        json={
+            "body": f"📝 Docs preview for commit {use_pr.head.sha} at: {settings.input_deploy_url}"
+        },
+    )
+    if not (200 <= response.status_code <= 300):
+        logging.error(f"Error posting comment: {response.text}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    logging.info("Finished")

.github/actions/get-artifact/action.yml

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-name: "Get Artifact"
-description: "Get artifact, possibly uploaded by a PR, useful to deploy docs previews"
-author: "Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>"
-inputs:
-  token:
-    description: 'Token for the repo. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
-    required: true
-  name:
-    description: 'Artifact name'
-    required: true
-  path:
-    description: 'Where to store the artifact'
-    required: true
-runs:
-  using: 'docker'
-  image: 'Dockerfile'

.github/actions/get-artifact/app/main.py

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-import logging
-from datetime import datetime
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional
-
-import httpx
-from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
-
-github_api = "https://api.github.com"
-netlify_api = "https://api.netlify.com"
-
-
-class Settings(BaseSettings):
-    input_name: str
-    input_token: SecretStr
-    input_path: str
-    github_repository: str
-    github_event_path: Path
-    github_event_name: Optional[str] = None
-
-
-class Artifact(BaseModel):
-    id: int
-    node_id: str
-    name: str
-    size_in_bytes: int
-    url: str
-    archive_download_url: str
-    expired: bool
-    created_at: datetime
-    updated_at: datetime
-
-
-class ArtifactResponse(BaseModel):
-    total_count: int
-    artifacts: List[Artifact]
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
-    settings = Settings()
-    logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}")
-    github_headers = {
-        "Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"
-    }
-    response = httpx.get(
-        f"{github_api}/repos/{settings.github_repository}/actions/artifacts",
-        headers=github_headers,
-    )
-    data = response.json()
-    artifacts_response = ArtifactResponse.parse_obj(data)
-    use_artifact: Optional[Artifact] = None
-    for artifact in artifacts_response.artifacts:
-        if artifact.name == settings.input_name:
-            use_artifact = artifact
-            break
-    assert use_artifact
-    file_response = httpx.get(
-        use_artifact.archive_download_url, headers=github_headers, timeout=30
-    )
-    zip_file = Path(settings.input_path)
-    zip_file.write_bytes(file_response.content)
-    logging.info("Finished")

.github/actions/people/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FROM python:3.7
+
+RUN pip install httpx PyGithub "pydantic==1.5.1" "pyyaml>=5.3.1,<6.0.0"
+
+COPY ./app /app
+
+CMD ["python", "/app/main.py"]

.github/actions/people/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+name: "Generate FastAPI People"
+description: "Generate the data for the FastAPI People page"
+author: "Sebastián Ramírez <tiangolo@gmail.com>"
+inputs:
+  token:
+    description: 'User token, to read the GitHub API. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.ACTION_TOKEN }}'
+    required: true
+  standard_token:
+    description: 'Default GitHub Action token, used for the PR. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: 'docker'
+  image: 'Dockerfile'

.github/actions/people/app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+import logging
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Optional, Set
+
+import httpx
+import yaml
+from github import Github
+from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
+
+github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
+
+issues_query = """
+query Q($after: String) { 
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    issues(first: 100, after: $after) {
+      edges {
+        cursor
+        node {
+          number
+          author {
+            login
+            avatarUrl
+            url
+          }
+          title
+          createdAt
+          state
+          comments(first: 100) {
+            nodes {
+              createdAt
+              author {
+                login
+                avatarUrl
+                url
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+prs_query = """
+query Q($after: String) { 
+  repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
+    pullRequests(first: 100, after: $after) {
+      edges {
+        cursor
+        node {
+          number
+          labels(first: 100) {
+            nodes {
+              name
+            }
+          }
+          author {
+            login
+            avatarUrl
+            url
+          }
+          title
+          createdAt
+          state
+          comments(first: 100) {
+            nodes {
+              createdAt
+              author {
+                login
+                avatarUrl
+                url
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          reviews(first:100) {
+            nodes {
+              author {
+                login
+                avatarUrl
+                url
+              }
+              state
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+sponsors_query = """
+query Q($after: String) {
+  user(login: "tiangolo") {
+    sponsorshipsAsMaintainer(first: 100, after: $after) {
+      edges {
+        cursor
+        node {
+          sponsorEntity {
+            ... on Organization {
+              login
+              avatarUrl
+              url
+            }
+            ... on User {
+              login
+              avatarUrl
+              url
+            }
+          }
+          tier {
+            name
+            monthlyPriceInDollars
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+"""
+
+
+class Author(BaseModel):
+    login: str
+    avatarUrl: str
+    url: str
+
+
+class CommentsNode(BaseModel):
+    createdAt: datetime
+    author: Optional[Author] = None
+
+
+class Comments(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[CommentsNode]
+
+
+class IssuesNode(BaseModel):
+    number: int
+    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    title: str
+    createdAt: datetime
+    state: str
+    comments: Comments
+
+
+class IssuesEdge(BaseModel):
+    cursor: str
+    node: IssuesNode
+
+
+class Issues(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[IssuesEdge]
+
+
+class IssuesRepository(BaseModel):
+    issues: Issues
+
+
+class IssuesResponseData(BaseModel):
+    repository: IssuesRepository
+
+
+class IssuesResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: IssuesResponseData
+
+
+class LabelNode(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+
+
+class Labels(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[LabelNode]
+
+
+class ReviewNode(BaseModel):
+    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    state: str
+
+
+class Reviews(BaseModel):
+    nodes: List[ReviewNode]
+
+
+class PullRequestNode(BaseModel):
+    number: int
+    labels: Labels
+    author: Optional[Author] = None
+    title: str
+    createdAt: datetime
+    state: str
+    comments: Comments
+    reviews: Reviews
+
+
+class PullRequestEdge(BaseModel):
+    cursor: str
+    node: PullRequestNode
+
+
+class PullRequests(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[PullRequestEdge]
+
+
+class PRsRepository(BaseModel):
+    pullRequests: PullRequests
+
+
+class PRsResponseData(BaseModel):
+    repository: PRsRepository
+
+
+class PRsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: PRsResponseData
+
+
+class SponsorEntity(BaseModel):
+    login: str
+    avatarUrl: str
+    url: str
+
+
+class Tier(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    monthlyPriceInDollars: float
+
+
+class SponsorshipAsMaintainerNode(BaseModel):
+    sponsorEntity: SponsorEntity
+    tier: Tier
+
+
+class SponsorshipAsMaintainerEdge(BaseModel):
+    cursor: str
+    node: SponsorshipAsMaintainerNode
+
+
+class SponsorshipAsMaintainer(BaseModel):
+    edges: List[SponsorshipAsMaintainerEdge]
+
+
+class SponsorsUser(BaseModel):
+    sponsorshipsAsMaintainer: SponsorshipAsMaintainer
+
+
+class SponsorsResponseData(BaseModel):
+    user: SponsorsUser
+
+
+class SponsorsResponse(BaseModel):
+    data: SponsorsResponseData
+
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    input_token: SecretStr
+    input_standard_token: SecretStr
+    github_repository: str
+
+
+def get_graphql_response(
+    *, settings: Settings, query: str, after: Optional[str] = None
+):
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"}
+    variables = {"after": after}
+    response = httpx.post(
+        github_graphql_url,
+        headers=headers,
+        json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"},
+    )
+    if not response.status_code == 200:
+        logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}")
+        logging.error(response.text)
+        raise RuntimeError(response.text)
+    data = response.json()
+    return data
+
+
+def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+    data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=issues_query, after=after)
+    graphql_response = IssuesResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.issues.edges
+
+
+def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+    data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=prs_query, after=after)
+    graphql_response = PRsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.repository.pullRequests.edges
+
+
+def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None):
+    data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=sponsors_query, after=after)
+    graphql_response = SponsorsResponse.parse_obj(data)
+    return graphql_response.data.user.sponsorshipsAsMaintainer.edges
+
+
+def get_experts(settings: Settings):
+    issue_nodes: List[IssuesNode] = []
+    issue_edges = get_graphql_issue_edges(settings=settings)
+
+    while issue_edges:
+        for edge in issue_edges:
+            issue_nodes.append(edge.node)
+        last_edge = issue_edges[-1]
+        issue_edges = get_graphql_issue_edges(settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor)
+
+    commentors = Counter()
+    last_month_commentors = Counter()
+    authors: Dict[str, Author] = {}
+
+    now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
+    one_month_ago = now - timedelta(days=30)
+
+    for issue in issue_nodes:
+        issue_author_name = None
+        if issue.author:
+            authors[issue.author.login] = issue.author
+            issue_author_name = issue.author.login
+        issue_commentors = set()
+        for comment in issue.comments.nodes:
+            if comment.author:
+                authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
+                if comment.author.login == issue_author_name:
+                    continue
+                issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+        for author_name in issue_commentors:
+            commentors[author_name] += 1
+            if issue.createdAt > one_month_ago:
+                last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1
+    return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors
+
+
+def get_contributors(settings: Settings):
+    pr_nodes: List[PullRequestNode] = []
+    pr_edges = get_graphql_pr_edges(settings=settings)
+
+    while pr_edges:
+        for edge in pr_edges:
+            pr_nodes.append(edge.node)
+        last_edge = pr_edges[-1]
+        pr_edges = get_graphql_pr_edges(settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor)
+
+    contributors = Counter()
+    commentors = Counter()
+    reviewers = Counter()
+    authors: Dict[str, Author] = {}
+
+    for pr in pr_nodes:
+        author_name = None
+        if pr.author:
+            authors[pr.author.login] = pr.author
+            author_name = pr.author.login
+        pr_commentors: Set[str] = set()
+        pr_reviewers: Set[str] = set()
+        for comment in pr.comments.nodes:
+            if comment.author:
+                authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author
+                if comment.author.login == author_name:
+                    continue
+                pr_commentors.add(comment.author.login)
+        for author_name in pr_commentors:
+            commentors[author_name] += 1
+        for review in pr.reviews.nodes:
+            if review.author:
+                authors[review.author.login] = review.author
+                pr_reviewers.add(review.author.login)
+        for reviewer in pr_reviewers:
+            reviewers[reviewer] += 1
+        if pr.state == "MERGED" and pr.author:
+            contributors[pr.author.login] += 1
+    return contributors, commentors, reviewers, authors
+
+
+def get_individual_sponsors(settings: Settings):
+    nodes: List[SponsorshipAsMaintainerNode] = []
+    edges = get_graphql_sponsor_edges(settings=settings)
+
+    while edges:
+        for edge in edges:
+            nodes.append(edge.node)
+        last_edge = edges[-1]
+        edges = get_graphql_sponsor_edges(settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor)
+
+    tiers: DefaultDict[float, Dict[str, SponsorEntity]] = defaultdict(dict)
+    for node in nodes:
+        tiers[node.tier.monthlyPriceInDollars][
+            node.sponsorEntity.login
+        ] = node.sponsorEntity
+    return tiers
+
+
+def get_top_users(
+    *,
+    counter: Counter,
+    min_count: int,
+    authors: Dict[str, Author],
+    skip_users: Container[str],
+):
+    users = []
+    for commentor, count in counter.most_common(50):
+        if commentor in skip_users:
+            continue
+        if count >= min_count:
+            author = authors[commentor]
+            users.append(
+                {
+                    "login": commentor,
+                    "count": count,
+                    "avatarUrl": author.avatarUrl,
+                    "url": author.url,
+                }
+            )
+    return users
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+    settings = Settings()
+    logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}")
+    g = Github(settings.input_standard_token.get_secret_value())
+    repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository)
+    issue_commentors, issue_last_month_commentors, issue_authors = get_experts(
+        settings=settings
+    )
+    contributors, pr_commentors, reviewers, pr_authors = get_contributors(
+        settings=settings
+    )
+    authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors}
+    maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"}
+    bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions"}
+    maintainers = []
+    for login in maintainers_logins:
+        user = authors[login]
+        maintainers.append(
+            {
+                "login": login,
+                "answers": issue_commentors[login],
+                "prs": contributors[login],
+                "avatarUrl": user.avatarUrl,
+                "url": user.url,
+            }
+        )
+
+    min_count_expert = 10
+    min_count_last_month = 3
+    min_count_contributor = 4
+    min_count_reviewer = 4
+    skip_users = maintainers_logins | bot_names
+    experts = get_top_users(
+        counter=issue_commentors,
+        min_count=min_count_expert,
+        authors=authors,
+        skip_users=skip_users,
+    )
+    last_month_active = get_top_users(
+        counter=issue_last_month_commentors,
+        min_count=min_count_last_month,
+        authors=authors,
+        skip_users=skip_users,
+    )
+    top_contributors = get_top_users(
+        counter=contributors,
+        min_count=min_count_contributor,
+        authors=authors,
+        skip_users=skip_users,
+    )
+    top_reviewers = get_top_users(
+        counter=reviewers,
+        min_count=min_count_reviewer,
+        authors=authors,
+        skip_users=skip_users,
+    )
+
+    tiers = get_individual_sponsors(settings=settings)
+    sponsors_50 = []
+    for login, sponsor in tiers[50].items():
+        sponsors_50.append(
+            {"login": login, "avatarUrl": sponsor.avatarUrl, "url": sponsor.url}
+        )
+    keys = list(tiers.keys())
+    keys.sort(reverse=True)
+    sponsors = []
+    for key in keys:
+        if key >= 50:
+            continue
+        for login, sponsor in tiers[key].items():
+            sponsors.append(
+                {"login": login, "avatarUrl": sponsor.avatarUrl, "url": sponsor.url}
+            )
+
+    people = {
+        "maintainers": maintainers,
+        "experts": experts,
+        "last_month_active": last_month_active,
+        "top_contributors": top_contributors,
+        "top_reviewers": top_reviewers,
+        "sponsors_50": sponsors_50,
+        "sponsors": sponsors,
+    }
+    people_path = Path("./docs/en/data/people.yml")
+    people_old_content = people_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    new_content = yaml.dump(people, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True)
+    if people_old_content == new_content:
+        logging.info("The FastAPI People data hasn't changed, finishing.")
+        sys.exit(0)
+    people_path.write_text(new_content, encoding="utf-8")
+    logging.info("Setting up GitHub Actions git user")
+    subprocess.run(["git", "config", "user.name", "github-actions"], check=True)
+    subprocess.run(
+        ["git", "config", "user.email", "github-actions@github.com"], check=True
+    )
+    branch_name = "fastapi-people"
+    logging.info(f"Creating a new branch {branch_name}")
+    subprocess.run(["git", "checkout", "-b", branch_name], check=True)
+    logging.info("Adding updated file")
+    subprocess.run(["git", "add", str(people_path)], check=True)
+    logging.info("Committing updated file")
+    message = "👥 Update FastAPI People"
+    result = subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "-m", message], check=True)
+    logging.info("Pushing branch")
+    subprocess.run(["git", "push", "origin", branch_name], check=True)
+    logging.info("Creating PR")
+    pr = repo.create_pull(title=message, body=message, base="master", head=branch_name)
+    logging.info(f"Created PR: {pr.number}")
+    logging.info("Finished")

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -13,22 +13,30 @@ jobs:
         run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
         with:
           python-version: "3.7"
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        id: cache
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs
       - name: Install Flit
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
       - name: Install docs extras
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: python3.7 -m flit install --extras doc
+      - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
+        if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
       - name: Build Docs
         run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all
       - name: Zip docs
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
         run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
-        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
         with:
-          name: docs-zip-${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+          name: docs-zip
           path: ./docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
         uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5

.github/workflows/label-approved.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+name: Label Approved
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 12 * * *"
+
+jobs:
+  label-approved:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: docker://tiangolo/label-approved:0.0.2
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: Latest Changes
+
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    types:
+      - closed
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      number:
+        description: PR number
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  latest-changes:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: docker://tiangolo/latest-changes:0.0.3
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          latest_changes_file: docs/en/docs/release-notes.md
+          latest_changes_header: '## Latest Changes\n\n'
+          debug_logs: true

.github/workflows/people.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: FastAPI People
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 14 1 * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      debug_enabled:
+        description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'     
+        required: false
+        default: false
+
+jobs:
+  fastapi-people:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      # Allow debugging with tmate
+      - name: Setup tmate session
+        uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled }}
+        with:
+          limit-access-to-actor: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}
+          standard_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - uses: ./.github/actions/people
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}
+          standard_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/pr-approvals.yml

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-name: Label approved pull requests
-on: pull_request_review
-jobs:
-  labelWhenApproved:
-    name: Label when approved
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - name: Label when approved
-      uses: pullreminders/label-when-approved-action@v1.0.7
-      env:
-        APPROVALS: "2"
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        ADD_LABEL: "approved-2"
-        REMOVE_LABEL: "awaiting%20review"

.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml

@@ -1,29 +1,28 @@
 name: Preview Docs
 on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      pr:
-        description: Pull Request number
-        required: true
-      name:
-        description: Artifact name for zip file with docs
-        required: true
-      commit:
-        description: Commit SHA hash
-        required: true
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows:
+      - Build Docs
+    types: 
+      - completed
 
 jobs:
   deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/get-artifact
+      - name: Download Artifact Docs
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.9.0
         with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          name: ${{ github.event.inputs.name }}
-          path: ./archive.zip
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          workflow: build-docs.yml
+          run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }}
+          name: docs-zip
       - name: Unzip docs
-        run: bash ./scripts/unzip-docs.sh
+        run: |
+          rm -rf ./site
+          unzip docs.zip
+          rm -f docs.zip
       - name: Deploy to Netlify
         id: netlify
         uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5
@@ -36,9 +35,7 @@ jobs:
           NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
           NETLIFY_SITE_ID: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }}
       - name: Comment Deploy
-        env:
-          PR: "${{ github.event.inputs.pr }}"
-          DEPLOY_URL: "${{ steps.netlify.outputs.deploy-url }}"
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
-          COMMIT: "${{ github.event.inputs.commit }}"
-        run: bash ./scripts/docs-comment-deploy.sh
+        uses: ./.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          deploy_url: "${{ steps.netlify.outputs.deploy-url }}"

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -15,12 +15,19 @@ jobs:
         run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT"
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
         with:
           python-version: "3.6"
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        id: cache
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-publish
       - name: Install Flit
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install flit
       - name: Install Dependencies
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: flit install --symlink
       - name: Publish
         env:

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -16,12 +16,19 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        id: cache
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test
       - name: Install Flit
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install flit
       - name: Install Dependencies
+        if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: flit install --symlink
       - name: Test
         run: bash scripts/test.sh

.github/workflows/watch-docs-previews.yml

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-name: Watch Docs Previews
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 * * * *"
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/watch-previews
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}

README.md

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
 </a>
-<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
-</a>
 </p>
 
 ---
@@ -39,10 +36,23 @@ The key features are:
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
 * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
-* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
 
 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
 
+## Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" target="_blank" title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.investsuite.com/jobs" target="_blank" title="Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://www.vim.so/?utm_source=FastAPI" target="_blank" title="We help you master vim with interactive exercises"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/vimso.png"></a>
+<a href="https://talkpython.fm/fastapi-sponsor" target="_blank" title="FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png"></a>
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
+
 ## Opinions
 
 "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
@@ -71,7 +81,7 @@ The key features are:
 
 "_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
 
-<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
 
 ---
 
@@ -112,12 +122,12 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install uvicorn
+$ pip install uvicorn[standard]
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
@@ -428,9 +438,9 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
-* <a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
 * <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
@@ -439,7 +449,7 @@ Used by Starlette:
 
 Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
 * <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
 
 You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.

docs/en/data/external_links.yml

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ articles:
       title: Introduction to the fastapi python framework
       author_link: https://dev.to/errietta
       author: Errieta Kostala
-    - link: http://nickc1.github.io/api,/scikit-learn/2019/01/10/scikit-fastapi.html
+    - link: https://nickc1.github.io/api,/scikit-learn/2019/01/10/scikit-fastapi.html
       title: "FastAPI and Scikit-Learn: Easily Deploy Models"
-      author_link: http://nickc1.github.io/
+      author_link: https://nickc1.github.io/
       author: Nick Cortale
     - link: https://medium.com/data-rebels/fastapi-authentication-revisited-enabling-api-key-authentication-122dc5975680
       title: "FastAPI authentication revisited: Enabling API key authentication"
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ articles:
       title: Introducing Dispatch
       author_link: https://netflixtechblog.com/
       author: Netflix
-    - link: https://davidefiocco.github.io/2020/06/27/streamlit-fastapi-ml-serving.html
+    - link: https://davidefiocco.github.io/streamlit-fastapi-ml-serving/
       title: Machine learning model serving in Python using FastAPI and streamlit
       author_link: https://github.com/davidefiocco
       author: Davide Fiocco
@@ -136,6 +136,30 @@ articles:
       title: Build And Host Fast Data Science Applications Using FastAPI
       author_link: https://medium.com/@farhadmalik
       author: Farhad Malik
+    - link: https://medium.com/@gabbyprecious2000/creating-a-crud-app-with-fastapi-part-one-7c049292ad37
+      title: Creating a CRUD App with FastAPI (Part one)
+      author_link: https://medium.com/@gabbyprecious2000
+      author: Precious Ndubueze
+    - link: https://julienharbulot.com/notification-server.html
+      title: HTTP server to display desktop notifications
+      author_link: https://julienharbulot.com/
+      author: Julien Harbulot
+    - link: https://guitton.co/posts/fastapi-monitoring/
+      title: How to monitor your FastAPI service
+      author_link: https://twitter.com/louis_guitton
+      author: Louis Guitton
+    - link: https://amitness.com/2020/06/fastapi-vs-flask/
+      title: FastAPI for Flask Users
+      author_link: https://twitter.com/amitness
+      author: Amit Chaudhary
+    - link: https://valonjanuzaj.medium.com/deploy-a-dockerized-fastapi-application-to-aws-cc757830ba1b
+      title: Deploy a dockerized FastAPI application to AWS
+      author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/valon-januzaj-b02692187/
+      author: Valon Januzaj
+    - link: https://dompatmore.com/blog/authenticate-your-fastapi-app-with-auth0
+      title: Authenticate Your FastAPI App with auth0
+      author_link: https://twitter.com/dompatmore
+      author: Dom Patmore
   japanese:
     - link: https://qiita.com/mtitg/items/47770e9a562dd150631d
       title: FastAPI｜DB接続してCRUDするPython製APIサーバーを構築
@@ -199,6 +223,10 @@ articles:
       title: Почему Вы должны попробовать FastAPI?
       author_link: https://github.com/prostomarkeloff
       author: prostomarkeloff
+    - link: https://trkohler.com/fast-api-introduction-to-framework
+      title: "FastAPI: знакомимся с фреймворком"
+      author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/trkohler/
+      author: Troy Köhler
   german:
     - link: https://blog.codecentric.de/2019/08/inbetriebnahme-eines-scikit-learn-modells-mit-onnx-und-fastapi/
       title: Inbetriebnahme eines scikit-learn-Modells mit ONNX und FastAPI

docs/en/data/people.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+maintainers:
+- login: tiangolo
+  answers: 1221
+  prs: 222
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1326112?u=05f95ca7fdead36edd9c86be46b4ef6c3c71f876&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/tiangolo
+experts:
+- login: dmontagu
+  count: 262
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35119617?u=58ed2a45798a4339700e2f62b2e12e6e54bf0396&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/dmontagu
+- login: Kludex
+  count: 240
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7353520?u=cf8455cb899806b774a3a71073f88583adec99f6&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/Kludex
+- login: ycd
+  count: 211
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62724709?u=826f228edf0bab0d19ad1d5c4ba4df1047ccffef&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/ycd
+- login: Mause
+  count: 174
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1405026?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/Mause
+- login: euri10
+  count: 166
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1104190?u=321a2e953e6645a7d09b732786c7a8061e0f8a8b&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/euri10
+- login: phy25
+  count: 130
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/331403?v=4
+  url: https://github.com/phy25
+- login: falkben
+  count: 56
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/653031?u=0c8d8f33d87f1aa1a6488d3f02105e9abc838105&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/falkben
+- login: ArcLightSlavik
+  count: 50
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31127044?u=6e53b1a2f340d77429d435babcec107c7cc50972&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/ArcLightSlavik
+- login: sm-Fifteen
+  count: 46
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/516999?u=437c0c5038558c67e887ccd863c1ba0f846c03da&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/sm-Fifteen
+- login: raphaelauv
+  count: 41
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10202690?u=e6f86f5c0c3026a15d6b51792fa3e532b12f1371&v=4
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+- login: includeamin
+  count: 38
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11836741?u=8bd5ef7e62fe6a82055e33c4c0e0a7879ff8cfb6&v=4
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+- login: prostomarkeloff
+  count: 33
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28061158?u=72309cc1f2e04e40fa38b29969cb4e9d3f722e7b&v=4
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+- login: Dustyposa
+  count: 31
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/27180793?u=5cf2877f50b3eb2bc55086089a78a36f07042889&v=4
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+  count: 30
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31960541?u=47f4829c77f4962ab437ffb7995951e41eeebe9b&v=4
+  url: https://github.com/krishnardt
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+  count: 30
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16958893?u=f8be7088d5076d963984a21f95f44e559192d912&v=4
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+  count: 29
+  avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/365303?u=07ca03c5ee811eb0920e633cc3c3db73dbec1aa5&v=4
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+  count: 25
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docs/en/data/sponsors.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+gold:
+  - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi
+    title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg
+silver:
+  - url: https://www.investsuite.com/jobs
+    title: Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg
+  - url: https://www.vim.so/?utm_source=FastAPI
+    title: We help you master vim with interactive exercises
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/vimso.png
+  - url: https://talkpython.fm/fastapi-sponsor
+    title: FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png
+bronze:
+  - url: https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/
+    title: Learn to build high-quality web apps with best practices
+    img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg

docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Import the `Response` class (sub-class) you want to use and declare it in the *p
 To return a response with HTML directly from **FastAPI**, use `HTMLResponse`.
 
 * Import `HTMLResponse`.
-* Pass `HTMLResponse` as the parameter `content_type` of your *path operation*.
+* Pass `HTMLResponse` as the parameter `response_class` of your *path operation decorator*.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="2  7"
 {!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial002.py!}

docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md

@@ -83,15 +83,6 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh
 
 First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks.
 
-This router will never be added to an actual `FastAPI` app (i.e. it will never be passed to `app.include_router(...)`).
-
-Because of that, you need to declare what will be the `default_response_class`, and set it to `JSONResponse`.
-
-!!! Note "Technical Details"
-    The `response_class` is normally set by the `FastAPI` app during the call to `app.include_router(some_router)`.
-
-    But as we are never calling `app.include_router(some_router)`, we need to set the `default_response_class` during creation of the `APIRouter`.
-
 ```Python hl_lines="5  26"
 {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
 ```

docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ The `security_scopes` object (of class `SecurityScopes`) also provides a `scope_
 
 We create an `HTTPException` that we can re-use (`raise`) later at several points.
 
-In this exception, we include the scopes required (if any) as a string separated by spaces (using `scope_str`). We put that string containing the scopes in in the `WWW-Authenticate` header (this is part of the spec).
+In this exception, we include the scopes required (if any) as a string separated by spaces (using `scope_str`). We put that string containing the scopes in the `WWW-Authenticate` header (this is part of the spec).
 
 ```Python hl_lines="105  107-115"
 {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!}

docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 If you are starting a project from scratch, you are probably better off with SQLAlchemy ORM ([SQL (Relational) Databases](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), or any other async ORM.
 
-If you already have a code base that uses <a href="http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Peewee ORM</a>, you can check here how to use it with **FastAPI**.
+If you already have a code base that uses <a href="https://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Peewee ORM</a>, you can check here how to use it with **FastAPI**.
 
 !!! warning "Python 3.7+ required"
     You will need Python 3.7 or above to safely use Peewee with FastAPI.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ But if you need to change some of the defaults, support more than one predefined
 Nevertheless, it's possible to do it, and here you'll see exactly what code you have to add to be able to use Peewee with FastAPI.
 
 !!! note "Technical Details"
-    You can read more about Peewee's stand about async in Python <a href="http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/database.html#async-with-gevent" class="external-link" target="_blank">in the docs</a>, <a href="https://github.com/coleifer/peewee/issues/263#issuecomment-517347032" class="external-link" target="_blank">an issue</a>, <a href="https://github.com/coleifer/peewee/pull/2072#issuecomment-563215132" class="external-link" target="_blank">a PR</a>.
+    You can read more about Peewee's stand about async in Python <a href="https://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/database.html#async-with-gevent" class="external-link" target="_blank">in the docs</a>, <a href="https://github.com/coleifer/peewee/issues/263#issuecomment-517347032" class="external-link" target="_blank">an issue</a>, <a href="https://github.com/coleifer/peewee/pull/2072#issuecomment-563215132" class="external-link" target="_blank">a PR</a>.
 
 ## The same app
 
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ For the **next request**, as we will reset that context variable again in the `a
 
 #### Peewee Proxy
 
-If you are using a <a href="http://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/database.html#dynamically-defining-a-database" class="external-link" target="_blank">Peewee Proxy</a>, the actual database is at `db.obj`.
+If you are using a <a href="https://docs.peewee-orm.com/en/latest/peewee/database.html#dynamically-defining-a-database" class="external-link" target="_blank">Peewee Proxy</a>, the actual database is at `db.obj`.
 
 So, you would reset it with:
 

docs/en/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ It was one of the first examples of **automatic API documentation**, and this wa
 !!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
     Have an automatic API documentation web user interface.
 
-### <a href="http://flask.pocoo.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flask</a>
+### <a href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flask</a>
 
 Flask is a "microframework", it doesn't include database integrations nor many of the things that come by default in Django.
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Given the simplicity of Flask, it seemed like a good match for building APIs. Th
     Have a simple and easy to use routing system.
 
 
-### <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>
+### <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>
 
 **FastAPI** is not actually an alternative to **Requests**. Their scope is very different.
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ Routes are declared in a single place, using functions declared in other places
 
     This actually inspired updating parts of Pydantic, to support the same validation declaration style (all this functionality is now already available in Pydantic).
 
-### <a href="http://www.hug.rest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hug</a>
+### <a href="https://www.hug.rest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hug</a>
 
 Hug was one of the first frameworks to implement the declaration of API parameter types using Python type hints. This was a great idea that inspired other tools to do the same.
 
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ It is the recommended server for Starlette and **FastAPI**.
 
     You can combine it with Gunicorn, to have an asynchronous multi-process server.
 
-    Check more details in the [Deployment](deployment.md){.internal-link target=_blank} section.
+    Check more details in the [Deployment](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} section.
 
 ## Benchmarks and speed
 

docs/en/docs/async.md

@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ Most of the existing popular Python frameworks (including Flask and Django) were
 
 Even though the main specification for asynchronous web Python (ASGI) was developed at Django, to add support for WebSockets.
 
-That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programing language.
+That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language.
 
 And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**.
 
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ But you can also exploit the benefits of parallelism and multiprocessing (having
 
 That, plus the simple fact that Python is the main language for **Data Science**, Machine Learning and especially Deep Learning, make FastAPI a very good match for Data Science / Machine Learning web APIs and applications (among many others).
 
-To see how to achieve this parallelism in production see the section about [Deployment](deployment.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+To see how to achieve this parallelism in production see the section about [Deployment](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
 ## `async` and `await`
 
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ This same syntax (or almost identical) was also included recently in modern vers
 
 But before that, handling asynchronous code was quite more complex and difficult.
 
-In previous versions of Python, you could have used threads or <a href="http://www.gevent.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gevent</a>. But the code is way more complex to understand, debug, and think about.
+In previous versions of Python, you could have used threads or <a href="https://www.gevent.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gevent</a>. But the code is way more complex to understand, debug, and think about.
 
 In previous versions of NodeJS / Browser JavaScript, you would have used "callbacks". Which leads to <a href="http://callbackhell.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">callback hell</a>.
 

docs/en/docs/benchmarks.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ When you check the benchmarks, it is common to see several tools of different ty
 
 Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).
 
-The simplest the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.
+The simpler the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.
 
 The hierarchy is like:
 

docs/en/docs/css/custom.css

@@ -1,18 +1,96 @@
 a.external-link::after {
-    /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
+  /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
         to make the mark be on the same line as the link
     */
-    content: "\00A0[↪]";
+  content: "\00A0[↪]";
 }
 
 a.internal-link::after {
-    /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
+  /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
         to make the mark be on the same line as the link
     */
-    content: "\00A0↪";
+  content: "\00A0↪";
 }
 
 /* Give space to lower icons so Gitter chat doesn't get on top of them */
 .md-footer-meta {
-    padding-bottom: 2em;
+  padding-bottom: 2em;
+}
+
+.user-list {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
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+  min-width: 7em;
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+  overflow: hidden;
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+}
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+a.announce-link:link,
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+a.announce-link:hover {
+  color: var(--md-accent-fg-color);
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+  display: block;
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+.announce-wrapper>div {
+  min-height: 40px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
 }

docs/en/docs/deployment.md

@@ -1,396 +0,0 @@
-# Deployment
-
-Deploying a **FastAPI** application is relatively easy.
-
-There are several ways to do it depending on your specific use case and the tools that you use.
-
-You will see more about some of the ways to do it in the next sections.
-
-## FastAPI versions
-
-**FastAPI** is already being used in production in many applications and systems. And the test coverage is kept at 100%. But its development is still moving quickly.
-
-New features are added frequently, bugs are fixed regularly, and the code is still continuously improving.
-
-That's why the current versions are still `0.x.x`, this reflects that each version could potentially have breaking changes. This follows the <a href="https://semver.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Semantic Versioning</a> conventions.
-
-You can create production applications with **FastAPI** right now (and you have probably been doing it for some time), you just have to make sure that you use a version that works correctly with the rest of your code.
-
-### Pin your `fastapi` version
-
-The first thing you should do is to "pin" the version of **FastAPI** you are using to the specific latest version that you know works correctly for your application.
-
-For example, let's say you are using version `0.45.0` in your app.
-
-If you use a `requirements.txt` file you could specify the version with:
-
-```txt
-fastapi==0.45.0
-```
-
-that would mean that you would use exactly the version `0.45.0`.
-
-Or you could also pin it with:
-
-```txt
-fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
-```
-
-that would mean that you would use the versions `0.45.0` or above, but less than `0.46.0`, for example, a version `0.45.2` would still be accepted.
-
-If you use any other tool to manage your installations, like Poetry, Pipenv, or others, they all have a way that you can use to define specific versions for your packages.
-
-### Available versions
-
-You can see the available versions (e.g. to check what is the current latest) in the [Release Notes](release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-### About versions
-
-Following the Semantic Versioning conventions, any version below `1.0.0` could potentially add breaking changes.
-
-FastAPI also follows the convention that any "PATCH" version change is for bug fixes and non-breaking changes.
-
-!!! tip
-    The "PATCH" is the last number, for example, in `0.2.3`, the PATCH version is `3`.
-
-So, you should be able to pin to a version like:
-
-```txt
-fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
-```
-
-Breaking changes and new features are added in "MINOR" versions.
-
-!!! tip
-    The "MINOR" is the number in the middle, for example, in `0.2.3`, the MINOR version is `2`.
-
-### Upgrading the FastAPI versions
-
-You should add tests for your app.
-
-With **FastAPI** it's very easy (thanks to Starlette), check the docs: [Testing](tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}
-
-After you have tests, then you can upgrade the **FastAPI** version to a more recent one, and make sure that all your code is working correctly by running your tests.
-
-If everything is working, or after you make the necessary changes, and all your tests are passing, then you can pin your `fastapi` to that new recent version.
-
-### About Starlette
-
-You shouldn't pin the version of `starlette`.
-
-Different versions of **FastAPI** will use a specific newer version of Starlette.
-
-So, you can just let **FastAPI** use the correct Starlette version.
-
-### About Pydantic
-
-Pydantic includes the tests for **FastAPI** with its own tests, so new versions of Pydantic (above `1.0.0`) are always compatible with FastAPI.
-
-You can pin Pydantic to any version above `1.0.0` that works for you and below `2.0.0`.
-
-For example:
-
-```txt
-pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0
-```
-
-## Docker
-
-In this section you'll see instructions and links to guides to know how to:
-
-* Make your **FastAPI** application a Docker image/container with maximum performance. In about **5 min**.
-* (Optionally) understand what you, as a developer, need to know about HTTPS.
-* Set up a Docker Swarm mode cluster with automatic HTTPS, even on a simple $5 USD/month server. In about **20 min**.
-* Generate and deploy a full **FastAPI** application, using your Docker Swarm cluster, with HTTPS, etc. In about **10 min**.
-
-You can use <a href="https://www.docker.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Docker**</a> for deployment. It has several advantages like security, replicability, development simplicity, etc.
-
-If you are using Docker, you can use the official Docker image:
-
-### <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>
-
-This image has an "auto-tuning" mechanism included, so that you can just add your code and get very high performance automatically. And without making sacrifices.
-
-But you can still change and update all the configurations with environment variables or configuration files.
-
-!!! tip
-    To see all the configurations and options, go to the Docker image page: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.
-
-### Create a `Dockerfile`
-
-* Go to your project directory.
-* Create a `Dockerfile` with:
-
-```Dockerfile
-FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
-
-COPY ./app /app
-```
-
-#### Bigger Applications
-
-If you followed the section about creating [Bigger Applications with Multiple Files](tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, your `Dockerfile` might instead look like:
-
-```Dockerfile
-FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
-
-COPY ./app /app/app
-```
-
-#### Raspberry Pi and other architectures
-
-If you are running Docker in a Raspberry Pi (that has an ARM processor) or any other architecture, you can create a `Dockerfile` from scratch, based on a Python base image (that is multi-architecture) and use Uvicorn alone.
-
-In this case, your `Dockerfile` could look like:
-
-```Dockerfile
-FROM python:3.7
-
-RUN pip install fastapi uvicorn
-
-EXPOSE 80
-
-COPY ./app /app
-
-CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
-```
-
-### Create the **FastAPI** Code
-
-* Create an `app` directory and enter in it.
-* Create a `main.py` file with:
-
-```Python
-from typing import Optional
-
-from fastapi import FastAPI
-
-app = FastAPI()
-
-
-@app.get("/")
-def read_root():
-    return {"Hello": "World"}
-
-
-@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
-    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
-```
-
-* You should now have a directory structure like:
-
-```
-.
-├── app
-│   └── main.py
-└── Dockerfile
-```
-
-### Build the Docker image
-
-* Go to the project directory (in where your `Dockerfile` is, containing your `app` directory).
-* Build your FastAPI image:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ docker build -t myimage .
-
----> 100%
-```
-
-</div>
-
-### Start the Docker container
-
-* Run a container based on your image:
-
-<div class="termy">
-
-```console
-$ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage
-```
-
-</div>
-
-Now you have an optimized FastAPI server in a Docker container. Auto-tuned for your current server (and number of CPU cores).
-
-### Check it
-
-You should be able to check it in your Docker container's URL, for example: <a href="http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
-
-You will see something like:
-
-```JSON
-{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
-```
-
-### Interactive API docs
-
-Now you can go to <a href="http://192.168.99.100/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/docs</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/docs</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
-
-You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
-
-![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
-
-### Alternative API docs
-
-And you can also go to <a href="http://192.168.99.100/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/redoc</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/redoc</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
-
-You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
-
-![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
-
-## HTTPS
-
-### About HTTPS
-
-It is easy to assume that HTTPS is something that is just "enabled" or not.
-
-But it is way more complex than that.
-
-!!! tip
-    If you are in a hurry or don't care, continue with the next section for step by step instructions to set everything up.
-
-To learn the basics of HTTPS, from a consumer perspective, check <a href="https://howhttps.works/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.
-
-Now, from a developer's perspective, here are several things to have in mind while thinking about HTTPS:
-
-* For HTTPS, the server needs to have "certificates" generated by a third party.
-    * Those certificates are actually acquired from the third-party, not "generated".
-* Certificates have a lifetime.
-    * They expire.
-    * And then they need to be renewed, acquired again from the third party.
-* The encryption of the connection happens at the TCP level.
-    * That's one layer below HTTP.
-    * So, the certificate and encryption handling is done before HTTP.
-* TCP doesn't know about "domains". Only about IP addresses.
-    * The information about the specific domain requested goes in the HTTP data.
-* The HTTPS certificates "certify" a certain domain, but the protocol and encryption happen at the TCP level, before knowing which domain is being dealt with.
-* By default, that would mean that you can only have one HTTPS certificate per IP address.
-    * No matter how big your server is or how small each application you have on it might be.
-    * There is a solution to this, however.
-* There's an extension to the TLS protocol (the one handling the encryption at the TCP level, before HTTP) called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr title="Server Name Indication">SNI</abbr></a>.
-    * This SNI extension allows one single server (with a single IP address) to have several HTTPS certificates and serve multiple HTTPS domains/applications.
-    * For this to work, a single component (program) running on the server, listening on the public IP address, must have all the HTTPS certificates in the server.
-* After obtaining a secure connection, the communication protocol is still HTTP.
-    * The contents are encrypted, even though they are being sent with the HTTP protocol.
-
-It is a common practice to have one program/HTTP server running on the server (the machine, host, etc.) and managing all the HTTPS parts : sending the decrypted HTTP requests to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the HTTP response from the application, encrypt it using the appropriate certificate and sending it back to the client using HTTPS. This server is often called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" class="external-link" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>.
-
-### Let's Encrypt
-
-Before Let's Encrypt, these HTTPS certificates were sold by trusted third-parties.
-
-The process to acquire one of these certificates used to be cumbersome, require quite some paperwork and the certificates were quite expensive.
-
-But then <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a> was created.
-
-It is a project from the Linux Foundation. It provides HTTPS certificates for free. In an automated way. These certificates use all the standard cryptographic security, and are short lived (about 3 months), so the security is actually better because of their reduced lifespan.
-
-The domains are securely verified and the certificates are generated automatically. This also allows automating the renewal of these certificates.
-
-The idea is to automate the acquisition and renewal of these certificates, so that you can have secure HTTPS, for free, forever.
-
-### Traefik
-
-<a href="https://traefik.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Traefik</a> is a high performance reverse proxy / load balancer. It can do the "TLS Termination Proxy" job (apart from other features).
-
-It has integration with Let's Encrypt. So, it can handle all the HTTPS parts, including certificate acquisition and renewal.
-
-It also has integrations with Docker. So, you can declare your domains in each application configurations and have it read those configurations, generate the HTTPS certificates and serve HTTPS to your application automatically, without requiring any change in its configuration.
-
----
-
-With this information and tools, continue with the next section to combine everything.
-
-## Docker Swarm mode cluster with Traefik and HTTPS
-
-You can have a Docker Swarm mode cluster set up in minutes (about 20 min) with a main Traefik handling HTTPS (including certificate acquisition and renewal).
-
-By using Docker Swarm mode, you can start with a "cluster" of a single machine (it can even be a $5 USD / month server) and then you can grow as much as you need adding more servers.
-
-To set up a Docker Swarm Mode cluster with Traefik and HTTPS handling, follow this guide:
-
-### <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo/docker-swarm-mode-and-traefik-for-a-https-cluster-20328dba6232" class="external-link" target="_blank">Docker Swarm Mode and Traefik for an HTTPS cluster</a>
-
-### Deploy a FastAPI application
-
-The easiest way to set everything up, would be using the [**FastAPI** Project Generators](project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
-
-It is designed to be integrated with this Docker Swarm cluster with Traefik and HTTPS described above.
-
-You can generate a project in about 2 min.
-
-The generated project has instructions to deploy it, doing it takes another 2 min.
-
-## Alternatively, deploy **FastAPI** without Docker
-
-You can deploy **FastAPI** directly without Docker too.
-
-You just need to install an ASGI compatible server like:
-
-=== "Uvicorn"
-
-    * <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>, a lightning-fast ASGI server, built on uvloop and httptools.
-
-    <div class="termy">
-
-    ```console
-    $ pip install uvicorn
-
-    ---> 100%
-    ```
-
-    </div>
-
-=== "Hypercorn"
-
-    * <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>, an ASGI server also compatible with HTTP/2.
-
-    <div class="termy">
-
-    ```console
-    $ pip install hypercorn
-
-    ---> 100%
-    ```
-
-    </div>
-
-    ...or any other ASGI server.
-
-And run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:
-
-=== "Uvicorn"
-
-    <div class="termy">
-
-    ```console
-    $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
-
-    <span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
-    ```
-
-    </div>
-
-=== "Hypercorn"
-
-    <div class="termy">
-
-    ```console
-    $ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80
-
-    Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit)
-    ```
-
-    </div>
-
-You might want to set up some tooling to make sure it is restarted automatically if it stops.
-
-You might also want to install <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gunicorn</a> and <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/#running-with-gunicorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">use it as a manager for Uvicorn</a>, or use Hypercorn with multiple workers.
-
-Making sure to fine-tune the number of workers, etc.
-
-But if you are doing all that, you might just use the Docker image that does it automatically.

docs/en/docs/deployment/deta.md

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# Deploy FastAPI on Deta
+
+In this section you will learn how to easily deploy a **FastAPI** application on <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Deta</a> using the free plan. 🎁
+
+It will take you about **10 minutes**.
+
+!!! info
+    <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Deta</a> is a **FastAPI** sponsor. 🎉
+
+## A basic **FastAPI** app
+
+* Create a directory for your app, for example `./fastapideta/` and enter in it.
+
+### FastAPI code
+
+* Create a `main.py` file with:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int):
+    return {"item_id": item_id}
+```
+
+### Requirements
+
+Now, in the same directory create a file `requirements.txt` with:
+
+```text
+fastapi
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    You don't need to install Uvicorn to deploy on Deta, although you would probably want to install it locally to test your app.
+
+### Directory structure
+
+You will now have one directory `./fastapideta/` with two files:
+
+```
+.
+└── main.py
+└── requirements.txt
+```
+
+## Create a free Deta account
+
+Now create a <a href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">free account on Deta</a>, you just need an email and password.
+
+You don't even need a credit card.
+
+## Install the CLI
+
+Once you have your account, install the Deta <abbr title="Command Line Interface application">CLI</abbr>:
+
+=== "Linux, macOS"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ curl -fsSL https://get.deta.dev/cli.sh | sh
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+=== "Windows PowerShell"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ iwr https://get.deta.dev/cli.ps1 -useb | iex
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+After installing it, open a new terminal so that the installed CLI is detected.
+
+In a new terminal, confirm that it was correctly installed with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ deta --help
+
+Deta command line interface for managing deta micros.
+Complete documentation available at https://docs.deta.sh
+
+Usage:
+  deta [flags]
+  deta [command]
+
+Available Commands:
+  auth        Change auth settings for a deta micro
+
+...
+```
+
+</div>
+
+!!! tip
+    If you have problems installing the CLI, check the <a href="https://docs.deta.sh/docs/micros/getting_started?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">official Deta docs</a>.
+
+## Login with the CLI
+
+Now login to Deta from the CLI with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ deta login
+
+Please, log in from the web page. Waiting..
+Logged in successfully.
+```
+
+</div>
+
+This will open a web browser and authenticate automatically.
+
+## Deploy with Deta
+
+Next, deploy your application with the Deta CLI:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ deta new
+
+Successfully created a new micro
+
+// Notice the "endpoint" 🔍
+
+{
+    "name": "fastapideta",
+    "runtime": "python3.7",
+    "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev",
+    "visor": "enabled",
+    "http_auth": "enabled"
+}
+
+Adding dependencies...
+
+
+---> 100%
+
+
+Successfully installed fastapi-0.61.1 pydantic-1.7.2 starlette-0.13.6
+```
+
+</div>
+
+You will see a JSON message similar to:
+
+```JSON hl_lines="4"
+{
+        "name": "fastapideta",
+        "runtime": "python3.7",
+        "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev",
+        "visor": "enabled",
+        "http_auth": "enabled"
+}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    Your deployment will have a different `"endpoint"` URL.
+
+## Check it
+
+Now open your browser in your `endpoint` URL. In the example above it was `https://qltnci.deta.dev`, but yours will be different.
+
+You will see the JSON response from your FastAPI app:
+
+```JSON
+{
+    "Hello": "World"
+}
+```
+
+And now go to the `/docs` for your API, in the example above it would be `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`.
+
+It will show your docs like:
+
+<img src="/img/deployment/deta/image01.png">
+
+## Enable public access
+
+By default, Deta will handle authentication using cookies for your account.
+
+But once you are ready, you can make it public with:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ deta auth disable
+
+Successfully disabled http auth
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Now you can share that URL with anyone and they will be able to access your API. 🚀
+
+## HTTPS
+
+Congrats! You deployed your FastAPI app to Deta! 🎉 🍰
+
+Also notice that Deta correctly handles HTTPS for you, so you don't have to take care of that and can be sure that your clients will have a secure encrypted connection. ✅ 🔒
+
+## Check the Visor
+
+From your docs UI (they will be in a URL like `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`) send a request to your *path operation* `/items/{item_id}`.
+
+For example with ID `5`.
+
+Now go to <a href="https://web.deta.sh/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://web.deta.sh</a>.
+
+You will see there's a section to the left called <abbr title="it comes from Micro(server)">"Micros"</abbr> with each of your apps.
+
+You will see a tab with "Details", and also a tab "Visor", go to the tab "Visor".
+
+In there you can inspect the recent requests sent to your app.
+
+You can also edit them and re-play them.
+
+<img src="/img/deployment/deta/image02.png">
+
+## Learn more
+
+At some point you will probably want to store some data for your app in a way that persists through time. For that you can use <a href="https://docs.deta.sh/docs/base/py_tutorial?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Deta Base</a>, it also has a generous **free tier**.
+
+You can also read more in the <a href="https://docs.deta.sh?ref=fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Deta Docs</a>.

docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# Deploy with Docker
+
+In this section you'll see instructions and links to guides to know how to:
+
+* Make your **FastAPI** application a Docker image/container with maximum performance. In about **5 min**.
+* (Optionally) understand what you, as a developer, need to know about HTTPS.
+* Set up a Docker Swarm mode cluster with automatic HTTPS, even on a simple $5 USD/month server. In about **20 min**.
+* Generate and deploy a full **FastAPI** application, using your Docker Swarm cluster, with HTTPS, etc. In about **10 min**.
+
+You can use <a href="https://www.docker.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Docker**</a> for deployment. It has several advantages like security, replicability, development simplicity, etc.
+
+If you are using Docker, you can use the official Docker image:
+
+## <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>
+
+This image has an "auto-tuning" mechanism included, so that you can just add your code and get very high performance automatically. And without making sacrifices.
+
+But you can still change and update all the configurations with environment variables or configuration files.
+
+!!! tip
+    To see all the configurations and options, go to the Docker image page: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi-docker" class="external-link" target="_blank">tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi</a>.
+
+## Create a `Dockerfile`
+
+* Go to your project directory.
+* Create a `Dockerfile` with:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
+
+COPY ./app /app
+```
+
+### Bigger Applications
+
+If you followed the section about creating [Bigger Applications with Multiple Files](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, your `Dockerfile` might instead look like:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7
+
+COPY ./app /app/app
+```
+
+### Raspberry Pi and other architectures
+
+If you are running Docker in a Raspberry Pi (that has an ARM processor) or any other architecture, you can create a `Dockerfile` from scratch, based on a Python base image (that is multi-architecture) and use Uvicorn alone.
+
+In this case, your `Dockerfile` could look like:
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM python:3.7
+
+RUN pip install fastapi uvicorn
+
+EXPOSE 80
+
+COPY ./app /app
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]
+```
+
+## Create the **FastAPI** Code
+
+* Create an `app` directory and enter in it.
+* Create a `main.py` file with:
+
+```Python
+from typing import Optional
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/")
+def read_root():
+    return {"Hello": "World"}
+
+
+@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
+```
+
+* You should now have a directory structure like:
+
+```
+.
+├── app
+│   └── main.py
+└── Dockerfile
+```
+
+## Build the Docker image
+
+* Go to the project directory (in where your `Dockerfile` is, containing your `app` directory).
+* Build your FastAPI image:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ docker build -t myimage .
+
+---> 100%
+```
+
+</div>
+
+## Start the Docker container
+
+* Run a container based on your image:
+
+<div class="termy">
+
+```console
+$ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage
+```
+
+</div>
+
+Now you have an optimized FastAPI server in a Docker container. Auto-tuned for your current server (and number of CPU cores).
+
+## Check it
+
+You should be able to check it in your Docker container's URL, for example: <a href="http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
+
+You will see something like:
+
+```JSON
+{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"}
+```
+
+## Interactive API docs
+
+Now you can go to <a href="http://192.168.99.100/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/docs</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/docs" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/docs</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
+
+You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>):
+
+![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png)
+
+## Alternative API docs
+
+And you can also go to <a href="http://192.168.99.100/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://192.168.99.100/redoc</a> or <a href="http://127.0.0.1/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1/redoc</a> (or equivalent, using your Docker host).
+
+You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>):
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png)
+
+## Traefik
+
+<a href="https://traefik.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Traefik</a> is a high performance reverse proxy / load balancer. It can do the "TLS Termination Proxy" job (apart from other features).
+
+It has integration with Let's Encrypt. So, it can handle all the HTTPS parts, including certificate acquisition and renewal.
+
+It also has integrations with Docker. So, you can declare your domains in each application configurations and have it read those configurations, generate the HTTPS certificates and serve HTTPS to your application automatically, without requiring any change in its configuration.
+
+---
+
+With this information and tools, continue with the next section to combine everything.
+
+## Docker Swarm mode cluster with Traefik and HTTPS
+
+You can have a Docker Swarm mode cluster set up in minutes (about 20 min) with a main Traefik handling HTTPS (including certificate acquisition and renewal).
+
+By using Docker Swarm mode, you can start with a "cluster" of a single machine (it can even be a $5 USD / month server) and then you can grow as much as you need adding more servers.
+
+To set up a Docker Swarm Mode cluster with Traefik and HTTPS handling, follow this guide:
+
+### <a href="https://medium.com/@tiangolo/docker-swarm-mode-and-traefik-for-a-https-cluster-20328dba6232" class="external-link" target="_blank">Docker Swarm Mode and Traefik for an HTTPS cluster</a>
+
+### Deploy a FastAPI application
+
+The easiest way to set everything up, would be using the [**FastAPI** Project Generators](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+It is designed to be integrated with this Docker Swarm cluster with Traefik and HTTPS described above.
+
+You can generate a project in about 2 min.
+
+The generated project has instructions to deploy it, doing it takes another 2 min.

docs/en/docs/deployment/https.md

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# About HTTPS
+
+It is easy to assume that HTTPS is something that is just "enabled" or not.
+
+But it is way more complex than that.
+
+!!! tip
+    If you are in a hurry or don't care, continue with the next sections for step by step instructions to set everything up with different techniques.
+
+To learn the basics of HTTPS, from a consumer perspective, check <a href="https://howhttps.works/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.
+
+Now, from a developer's perspective, here are several things to have in mind while thinking about HTTPS:
+
+* For HTTPS, the server needs to have "certificates" generated by a third party.
+    * Those certificates are actually acquired from the third-party, not "generated".
+* Certificates have a lifetime.
+    * They expire.
+    * And then they need to be renewed, acquired again from the third party.
+* The encryption of the connection happens at the TCP level.
+    * That's one layer below HTTP.
+    * So, the certificate and encryption handling is done before HTTP.
+* TCP doesn't know about "domains". Only about IP addresses.
+    * The information about the specific domain requested goes in the HTTP data.
+* The HTTPS certificates "certify" a certain domain, but the protocol and encryption happen at the TCP level, before knowing which domain is being dealt with.
+* By default, that would mean that you can only have one HTTPS certificate per IP address.
+    * No matter how big your server is or how small each application you have on it might be.
+    * There is a solution to this, however.
+* There's an extension to the TLS protocol (the one handling the encryption at the TCP level, before HTTP) called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_Name_Indication" class="external-link" target="_blank"><abbr title="Server Name Indication">SNI</abbr></a>.
+    * This SNI extension allows one single server (with a single IP address) to have several HTTPS certificates and serve multiple HTTPS domains/applications.
+    * For this to work, a single component (program) running on the server, listening on the public IP address, must have all the HTTPS certificates in the server.
+* After obtaining a secure connection, the communication protocol is still HTTP.
+    * The contents are encrypted, even though they are being sent with the HTTP protocol.
+
+It is a common practice to have one program/HTTP server running on the server (the machine, host, etc.) and managing all the HTTPS parts : sending the decrypted HTTP requests to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the HTTP response from the application, encrypt it using the appropriate certificate and sending it back to the client using HTTPS. This server is often called a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" class="external-link" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>.
+
+## Let's Encrypt
+
+Before Let's Encrypt, these HTTPS certificates were sold by trusted third-parties.
+
+The process to acquire one of these certificates used to be cumbersome, require quite some paperwork and the certificates were quite expensive.
+
+But then <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a> was created.
+
+It is a project from the Linux Foundation. It provides HTTPS certificates for free. In an automated way. These certificates use all the standard cryptographic security, and are short lived (about 3 months), so the security is actually better because of their reduced lifespan.
+
+The domains are securely verified and the certificates are generated automatically. This also allows automating the renewal of these certificates.
+
+The idea is to automate the acquisition and renewal of these certificates, so that you can have secure HTTPS, for free, forever.

docs/en/docs/deployment/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Deployment - Intro
+
+Deploying a **FastAPI** application is relatively easy.
+
+There are several ways to do it depending on your specific use case and the tools that you use.
+
+You will see more details to have in mind and some of the techniques to do it in the next sections.

docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Deploy manually
+
+You can deploy **FastAPI** manually as well.
+
+You just need to install an ASGI compatible server like:
+
+=== "Uvicorn"
+
+    * <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>, a lightning-fast ASGI server, built on uvloop and httptools.
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
+
+    ---> 100%
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+    !!! tip
+        By adding the `standard`, Uvicorn will install and use some recommended extra dependencies.
+        
+        That including `uvloop`, the high-performance drop-in replacement for `asyncio`, that provides the big concurrency performance boost.
+
+=== "Hypercorn"
+
+    * <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>, an ASGI server also compatible with HTTP/2.
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ pip install hypercorn
+
+    ---> 100%
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+    ...or any other ASGI server.
+
+And run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:
+
+=== "Uvicorn"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80
+
+    <span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+=== "Hypercorn"
+
+    <div class="termy">
+
+    ```console
+    $ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80
+
+    Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit)
+    ```
+
+    </div>
+
+You might want to set up some tooling to make sure it is restarted automatically if it stops.
+
+You might also want to install <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gunicorn</a> and <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/#running-with-gunicorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">use it as a manager for Uvicorn</a>, or use Hypercorn with multiple workers.
+
+Making sure to fine-tune the number of workers, etc.
+
+But if you are doing all that, you might just use the Docker image that does it automatically.

docs/en/docs/deployment/versions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# About FastAPI versions
+
+**FastAPI** is already being used in production in many applications and systems. And the test coverage is kept at 100%. But its development is still moving quickly.
+
+New features are added frequently, bugs are fixed regularly, and the code is still continuously improving.
+
+That's why the current versions are still `0.x.x`, this reflects that each version could potentially have breaking changes. This follows the <a href="https://semver.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Semantic Versioning</a> conventions.
+
+You can create production applications with **FastAPI** right now (and you have probably been doing it for some time), you just have to make sure that you use a version that works correctly with the rest of your code.
+
+## Pin your `fastapi` version
+
+The first thing you should do is to "pin" the version of **FastAPI** you are using to the specific latest version that you know works correctly for your application.
+
+For example, let's say you are using version `0.45.0` in your app.
+
+If you use a `requirements.txt` file you could specify the version with:
+
+```txt
+fastapi==0.45.0
+```
+
+that would mean that you would use exactly the version `0.45.0`.
+
+Or you could also pin it with:
+
+```txt
+fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
+```
+
+that would mean that you would use the versions `0.45.0` or above, but less than `0.46.0`, for example, a version `0.45.2` would still be accepted.
+
+If you use any other tool to manage your installations, like Poetry, Pipenv, or others, they all have a way that you can use to define specific versions for your packages.
+
+## Available versions
+
+You can see the available versions (e.g. to check what is the current latest) in the [Release Notes](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+## About versions
+
+Following the Semantic Versioning conventions, any version below `1.0.0` could potentially add breaking changes.
+
+FastAPI also follows the convention that any "PATCH" version change is for bug fixes and non-breaking changes.
+
+!!! tip
+    The "PATCH" is the last number, for example, in `0.2.3`, the PATCH version is `3`.
+
+So, you should be able to pin to a version like:
+
+```txt
+fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0
+```
+
+Breaking changes and new features are added in "MINOR" versions.
+
+!!! tip
+    The "MINOR" is the number in the middle, for example, in `0.2.3`, the MINOR version is `2`.
+
+## Upgrading the FastAPI versions
+
+You should add tests for your app.
+
+With **FastAPI** it's very easy (thanks to Starlette), check the docs: [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}
+
+After you have tests, then you can upgrade the **FastAPI** version to a more recent one, and make sure that all your code is working correctly by running your tests.
+
+If everything is working, or after you make the necessary changes, and all your tests are passing, then you can pin your `fastapi` to that new recent version.
+
+## About Starlette
+
+You shouldn't pin the version of `starlette`.
+
+Different versions of **FastAPI** will use a specific newer version of Starlette.
+
+So, you can just let **FastAPI** use the correct Starlette version.
+
+## About Pydantic
+
+Pydantic includes the tests for **FastAPI** with its own tests, so new versions of Pydantic (above `1.0.0`) are always compatible with FastAPI.
+
+You can pin Pydantic to any version above `1.0.0` that works for you and below `2.0.0`.
+
+For example:
+
+```txt
+pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0
+```

docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# FastAPI People
+
+FastAPI has an amazing community that welcomes people from all backgrounds.
+
+## Creator - Maintainer
+
+Hey! 👋
+
+This is me:
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.maintainers %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Answers: {{ user.answers }}</div><div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.prs }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+I'm the creator and maintainer of **FastAPI**. You can read more about that in [Help FastAPI - Get Help - Connect with the author](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+...But here I want to show you the community.
+
+---
+
+**FastAPI** receives a lot of support from the community. And I want to highlight their contributions.
+
+These are the people that:
+
+* [Help others with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* [Create Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* Review Pull Requests, [especially important for translations](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+A round of applause to them. 👏 🙇
+
+## Most active users last month
+
+These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.last_month_active %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Experts
+
+Here are the **FastAPI Experts**. 🤓
+
+These are the users that have [helped others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*.
+
+They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.experts %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Issues replied: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Top Contributors
+
+Here are the **Top Contributors**. 👷
+
+These users have [created the most Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} that have been *merged*.
+
+They have contributed source code, documentation, translations, etc. 📦
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.top_contributors %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+There are many other contributors (more than a hundred), you can see them all in the <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/graphs/contributors" class="external-link" target="_blank">FastAPI GitHub Contributors page</a>. 👷
+
+## Top Reviewers
+
+These users are the **Top Reviewers**. 🕵️
+
+### Reviews for Translations
+
+I only speak a few languages (and not very well 😅). So, the reviewers are the ones that have the [**power to approve translations**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} of the documentation. Without them, there wouldn't be documentation in several other languages.
+
+---
+
+The **Top Reviewers** 🕵️ have reviewed the most Pull Requests from others, ensuring the quality of the code, documentation, and especially, the **translations**.
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.top_reviewers %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Reviews: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Sponsors
+
+These are the **Sponsors**. 😎
+
+They are supporting my work with **FastAPI** (and others), mainly through <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Sponsors</a>.
+
+### Gold Sponsors
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+### Silver Sponsors
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+### Bronze Sponsors
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+### Individual Sponsors
+
+{% if people %}
+{% if people.sponsors_50 %}
+
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.sponsors_50 %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+
+{% endif %}
+{% endif %}
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.sponsors %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## About the data - technical details
+
+The main intention of this page is to highlight the effort of the community to help others.
+
+Especially including efforts that are normally less visible, and in many cases more arduous, like helping others with issues and reviewing Pull Requests with translations.
+
+The data is calculated each month, you can read the <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">source code here</a>.
+
+Here I'm also highlighting contributions from sponsors.
+
+I also reserve the right to update the algorithm, sections, thresholds, etc (just in case 🤷).

docs/en/docs/features.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 ### Based on open standards
 
 * <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> for API creation, including declarations of <abbr title="also known as: endpoints, routes">path</abbr> <abbr title="also known as HTTP methods, as POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">operations</abbr>, parameters, body requests, security, etc.
-* Automatic data model documentation with <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (as OpenAPI itself is based on JSON Schema).
+* Automatic data model documentation with <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (as OpenAPI itself is based on JSON Schema).
 * Designed around these standards, after a meticulous study. Instead of an afterthought layer on top.
 * This also allows using automatic **client code generation** in many languages.
 

docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md

@@ -10,6 +10,16 @@ There are very simple ways to help (several involve just one or two clicks).
 
 And there are several ways to get help too.
 
+## Subscribe to the newsletter
+
+You can subscribe to the (infrequent) [**FastAPI and friends** newsletter](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank} to stay updated about:
+
+* News about FastAPI and friends 🚀
+* Guides 📝
+* Features ✨
+* Breaking changes 🚨
+* Tips and tricks ✅
+
 ## Star **FastAPI** in GitHub
 
 You can "star" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the star button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. ⭐️
@@ -52,12 +62,13 @@ I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what have you liked in it, i
 
 * <a href="https://www.slant.co/options/34241/~fastapi-review" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant</a>.
 * <a href="https://alternativeto.net/software/fastapi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo</a>.
-* <a href="https://github.com/marmelab/awesome-rest/pull/93" class="external-link" target="_blank">Vote for **FastAPI** on awesome-rest</a>.
 
 ## Help others with issues in GitHub
 
 You can see <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues" class="external-link" target="_blank">existing issues</a> and try and help others, most of the times they are questions that you might already know the answer for. 🤓
 
+If you are helping a lot of people on issues you might become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉
+
 ## Watch the GitHub repository
 
 You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. 👀
@@ -70,43 +81,52 @@ Then you can try and help them solving those issues.
 
 You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a new issue</a> in the GitHub repository, for example to:
 
-* Ask a question or ask about a problem.
-* Suggest a new feature.
+* Ask a **question** or ask about a **problem**.
+* Suggest a new **feature**.
 
 **Note**: if you create an issue then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉
 
 ## Create a Pull Request
 
-You can <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">create a Pull Request</a>, for example:
+You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the source code with Pull Requests, for example:
 
 * To fix a typo you found on the documentation.
+* To share an article, video, or podcast you created or found about FastAPI by <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/edit/master/docs/en/data/external_links.yml" class="external-link" target="_blank">editing this file</a>.
+    * Make sure you add your link to the end of the corresponding section.
+* To help [translate the documentation](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} to your language.
+    * You can also help reviewing the translations created by others.
 * To propose new documentation sections.
 * To fix an existing issue/bug.
 * To add a new feature.
 
 ## Join the chat
 
-<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
-</a>
+Join the 👥 <a href="https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf" class="external-link" target="_blank">Discord chat server</a> 👥 and hang out with others in the FastAPI community.
 
-Join the chat on Gitter: <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi</a>.
+!!! tip
+    For questions, ask them in <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/new/choose" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub issues</a>, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
-There you can have quick conversations with others, help others, share ideas, etc.
+    Use the chat only for other general conversations.
 
-But have in mind that as it allows more "free conversation", it's easy to ask questions that are too general and more difficult to answer, so, you might not receive answers.
+There is also the previous <a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gitter chat</a>, but as it doesn't have channels and advanced features, conversations are more difficult, so Discord is now the recommended system.
 
-In GitHub issues the template will guide to to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the Gitter chat. 😅
+### Don't use the chat for questions
 
-Conversations in Gitter are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation.
+Have in mind that as chats allow more "free conversation", it's easy to ask questions that are too general and more difficult to answer, so, you might not receive answers.
 
-On the other side, there's more than 1000 people in the chat, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄
+In GitHub issues the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅
+
+Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub issues count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub isssues.
+
+On the other side, there are thousands of users in the chat systems, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄
 
 ## Sponsor the author
 
 You can also financially support the author (me) through <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub sponsors</a>.
 
-There you could buy me a coffee ☕️ to say thanks 😄.
+There you could buy me a coffee ☕️ to say thanks. 😄
+
+And you can also become a Silver or Gold sponsor for FastAPI. 🏅🎉
 
 ## Sponsor the tools that power FastAPI
 

docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg

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+           id="path984" />
+      </g>
+    </g>
+  </g>
+</svg>

docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.drawio

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
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+    <diagram id="zB4-QXJZ7ScUzHSLnJ1i" name="Page-1">
+        <mxGraphModel dx="1154" dy="780" grid="1" gridSize="10" guides="1" tooltips="1" connect="1" arrows="1" fold="1" page="1" pageScale="1" pageWidth="1920" pageHeight="1200" math="0" shadow="0" extFonts="Roboto^https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto|Roboto Mono, mono^https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Mono%2C+mono">
+            <root>
+                <mxCell id="0"/>
+                <mxCell id="1" parent="0"/>
+                <mxCell id="2" value="" style="rounded=0;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fontStyle=1;strokeWidth=4;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+                    <mxGeometry x="110" y="280" width="1350" height="620" as="geometry"/>
+                </mxCell>
+                <mxCell id="3" value="&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 24px&quot; face=&quot;Roboto&quot;&gt;Package app&lt;br&gt;app/__init__.py&lt;/font&gt;" style="text;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=none;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;whiteSpace=wrap;rounded=0;strokeWidth=3;fontFamily=Roboto Mono, mono;FType=g;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+                    <mxGeometry x="635" y="310" width="300" height="80" as="geometry"/>
+                </mxCell>
+                <mxCell id="15" value="&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;Module app.main&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;app/main.py&lt;/span&gt;" style="shape=hexagon;perimeter=hexagonPerimeter2;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fixedSize=1;strokeWidth=3;" parent="1" vertex="1">
+                    <mxGeometry x="140" y="430" width="360" height="100" as="geometry"/>
+                </mxCell>
+                <mxCell id="16" value="&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;Module app.dependencies&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;app/dependencies.py&lt;/span&gt;" style="shape=hexagon;perimeter=hexagonPerimeter2;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fixedSize=1;strokeWidth=3;" parent="1" vertex="1">
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+                </mxCell>
+                <mxCell id="8" value="&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 24px&quot; face=&quot;Roboto&quot;&gt;Subpackage app.internal&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;app/internal/__init__.py&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 24px&quot; face=&quot;Roboto&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;" style="text;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=none;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;whiteSpace=wrap;rounded=0;strokeWidth=3;fontFamily=Roboto Mono, mono;FType=g;" parent="1" vertex="1">
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+                <mxCell id="19" value="&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;Module app.internal.admin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;app/internal/admin.py&lt;/span&gt;" style="shape=hexagon;perimeter=hexagonPerimeter2;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fixedSize=1;strokeWidth=3;" parent="1" vertex="1">
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+                </mxCell>
+                <mxCell id="7" value="&lt;font style=&quot;font-size: 24px&quot; face=&quot;Roboto&quot;&gt;Subpackage app.routers&lt;br&gt;app/routers/__init__.py&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;" style="text;html=1;strokeColor=none;fillColor=none;align=center;verticalAlign=middle;whiteSpace=wrap;rounded=0;strokeWidth=3;fontFamily=Roboto Mono, mono;FType=g;" parent="1" vertex="1">
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+                <mxCell id="17" value="&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;Module app.routers.items&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#34;roboto&amp;#34; ; font-size: 24px&quot;&gt;app/routers/items.py&lt;/span&gt;" style="shape=hexagon;perimeter=hexagonPerimeter2;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fixedSize=1;strokeWidth=3;" parent="1" vertex="1">
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docs/en/docs/index.md

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
 </a>
-<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
-</a>
 </p>
 
 ---
@@ -39,10 +36,27 @@ The key features are:
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
 * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
-* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
 
 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
 
+## Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor -%}
+{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
+
 ## Opinions
 
 "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
@@ -71,7 +85,7 @@ The key features are:
 
 "_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
 
-<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
 
 ---
 
@@ -112,12 +126,12 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install uvicorn
+$ pip install uvicorn[standard]
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
@@ -428,9 +442,9 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
-* <a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
 * <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
@@ -439,7 +453,7 @@ Used by Starlette:
 
 Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
 * <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
 
 You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.

docs/en/docs/js/custom.js

@@ -128,6 +128,35 @@ function setupTermynal() {
     loadVisibleTermynals();
 }
 
+function shuffle(array) {
+    var currentIndex = array.length, temporaryValue, randomIndex;
+    while (0 !== currentIndex) {
+        randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * currentIndex);
+        currentIndex -= 1;
+        temporaryValue = array[currentIndex];
+        array[currentIndex] = array[randomIndex];
+        array[randomIndex] = temporaryValue;
+    }
+    return array;
+}
+
+async function showRandomAnnouncement(groupId, timeInterval) {
+    const announceFastAPI = document.getElementById(groupId);
+    if (announceFastAPI) {
+        let children = [].slice.call(announceFastAPI.children);
+        children = shuffle(children)
+        let index = 0
+        const announceRandom = () => {
+            children.forEach((el, i) => {el.style.display = "none"});
+            children[index].style.display = "block"
+            index = (index + 1) % children.length
+        }
+        announceRandom()
+        setInterval(announceRandom, timeInterval
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 async function main() {
     if (div) {
         data = await getData()
@@ -144,6 +173,8 @@ async function main() {
     }
 
     setupTermynal();
+    showRandomAnnouncement('announce-left', 5000)
+    showRandomAnnouncement('announce-right', 10000)
 }
 
 main()

docs/en/docs/newsletter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# FastAPI and friends newsletter
+
+<iframe class="mj-w-res-iframe" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="https://app.mailjet.com/widget/iframe/6gQ4/GDo" width="100%"></iframe>
+
+<script type="text/javascript" src="https://app.mailjet.com/statics/js/iframeResizer.min.js"></script>

docs/en/docs/project-generation.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql" clas
     * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
     * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration.
     * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
-    * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+    * **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
     * <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/features/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Many other features**</a> including automatic validation, serialization, interactive documentation, authentication with OAuth2 JWT tokens, etc.
 * **Secure password** hashing by default.
 * **JWT token** authentication.

docs/en/docs/python-types.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Python Types Intro
 
-**Python 3.6+** has support for optional "type hints".
+Python has support for optional "type hints".
 
-These **"type hints"** are a new syntax (since Python 3.6+) that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.
+These **"type hints"** are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.
 
 By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.
 

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -1,6 +1,343 @@
 # Release Notes
 
-## Latest changes
+## Latest Changes
+
+
+## 0.65.0
+
+### Breaking Changes - Upgrade
+
+* ⬆️  Upgrade Starlette to `0.14.2`, including internal `UJSONResponse` migrated from Starlette. This includes several bug fixes and features from Starlette. PR [#2335](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2335) by [@hanneskuettner](https://github.com/hanneskuettner).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Initialize new language Polish for translations. PR [#3170](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3170) by [@neternefer](https://github.com/neternefer).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 👷 Add GitHub Action cache to speed up CI installs. PR [#3204](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3204) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade setup-python GitHub Action to v2. PR [#3203](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3203) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix docs script to generate a new translation language with `overrides` boilerplate. PR [#3202](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3202) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Add new Deta banner badge with new sponsorship tier 🙇. PR [#3194](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3194) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#3189](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3189) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🔊 Update FastAPI People to allow better debugging. PR [#3188](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3188) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.64.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for adding multiple `examples` in request bodies and path, query, cookie, and header params. New docs: [Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#body-with-multiple-examples). Initial PR [#1267](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1267) by [@austinorr](https://github.com/austinorr).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 📌 Pin SQLAlchemy range for tests, as it doesn't use SemVer. PR [#3001](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3001) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🎨 Add newly required type annotations for mypy. PR [#2882](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2882) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🎨 Remove internal "type: ignore", now unnecessary. PR [#2424](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2424) by [@AsakuraMizu](https://github.com/AsakuraMizu).
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Add link to article in Russian "FastAPI: знакомимся с фреймворком". PR [#2564](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2564) by [@trkohler](https://github.com/trkohler).
+* 📝 Add external link to blog post "Authenticate Your FastAPI App with Auth0". PR [#2172](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2172) by [@dompatmore](https://github.com/dompatmore).
+* 📝 Fix broken link to article: Machine learning model serving in Python using FastAPI and Streamlit. PR [#2557](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2557) by [@davidefiocco](https://github.com/davidefiocco).
+* 📝 Add FastAPI Medium Article: Deploy a dockerized FastAPI application to AWS. PR [#2515](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2515) by [@vjanz](https://github.com/vjanz).
+* ✏ Fix typo in Tutorial - Handling Errors. PR [#2486](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2486) by [@johnthagen](https://github.com/johnthagen).
+* ✏ Fix typo in Security OAuth2 scopes. PR [#2407](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2407) by [@jugmac00](https://github.com/jugmac00).
+* ✏ Fix typo/clarify docs for SQL (Relational) Databases. PR [#2393](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2393) by [@kangni](https://github.com/kangni).
+* 📝 Add external link to "FastAPI for Flask Users". PR [#2280](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2280) by [@amitness](https://github.com/amitness).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Fix Chinese translation of Tutorial - Query Parameters, remove obsolete content. PR [#3051](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3051) by [@louis70109](https://github.com/louis70109).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for Tutorial - Background Tasks. PR [#3098](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3098) by [@Smlep](https://github.com/Smlep).
+* 🌐 Fix Korean translation for docs/ko/docs/index.md. PR [#3159](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3159) by [@SueNaEunYang](https://github.com/SueNaEunYang).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - Query Parameters. PR [#2390](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2390) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for FastAPI People. PR [#2232](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2232) by [@JulianMaurin](https://github.com/JulianMaurin).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - Path Parameters. PR [#2355](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2355) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders).
+* 🌐 Add French translation for Features. PR [#2157](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2157) by [@Jefidev](https://github.com/Jefidev).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#3031](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3031) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Debugging. PR [#2737](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2737) by [@blt232018](https://github.com/blt232018).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Security - OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens. PR [#2642](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2642) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - Header Parameters. PR [#2589](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2589) by [@mode9](https://github.com/mode9).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Metadata and Docs URLs. PR [#2559](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2559) by [@blt232018](https://github.com/blt232018).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - First Steps. PR [#2323](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2323) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing). PR [#2540](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2540) by [@blt232018](https://github.com/blt232018).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Middleware. PR [#2334](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2334) by [@lpdswing](https://github.com/lpdswing).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for Tutorial - Intro. PR [#2317](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2317) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Bigger Applications - Multiple Files. PR [#2453](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2453) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Security - Security Intro. PR [#2443](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2443) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Header Parameters. PR [#2412](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2412) by [@maoyibo](https://github.com/maoyibo).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Extra Data Types. PR [#2410](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2410) by [@maoyibo](https://github.com/maoyibo).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Deployment - Docker. PR [#2312](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2312) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Deployment - Versions. PR [#2310](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2310) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Cookie Parameters. PR [#2261](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2261) by [@alicrazy1947](https://github.com/alicrazy1947).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Static files. PR [#2260](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2260) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Testing. PR [#2259](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2259) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Debugging. PR [#2256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2256) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Middleware. PR [#2255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2255) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Concurrency and async / await. PR [#2058](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2058) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Security - Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer. PR [#2514](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2514) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Deployment - Deta. PR [#2314](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2314) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Security - Get Current User. PR [#2474](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2474) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Deployment - Manually. PR [#2313](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2313) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Deployment - Intro. PR [#2309](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2309) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for FastAPI People. PR [#2254](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2254) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Advanced - Path Operation Advanced Configuration. PR [#2124](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2124) by [@Attsun1031](https://github.com/Attsun1031).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for External Links. PR [#2070](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2070) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Body - Updates. PR [#1956](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1956) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Form Data. PR [#1943](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1943) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Cookie Parameters. PR [#1933](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1933) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔧 Update top banner, point to newsletter. PR [#3003](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3003) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Disable sponsor WeTransfer. PR [#3002](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3002) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#2880](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2880) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#2739](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2739) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* 🔧 Add new Gold Sponsor Talk Python 🎉. PR [#2673](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2673) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add new Gold Sponsor vim.so 🎉. PR [#2669](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2669) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add FastAPI user survey banner. PR [#2623](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2623) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add new Bronze Sponsor(s) 🥉🎉. PR [#2622](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2622) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Update social links: add Discord, fix GitHub. PR [#2621](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2621) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update FastAPI People GitHub Sponsors order. PR [#2620](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2620) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update InvestSuite sponsor data. PR [#2608](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2608) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#2590](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2590) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+
+## 0.63.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Improve type annotations, add support for mypy --strict, internally and for external packages. PR [#2547](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2547) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+* ⬆️ Upgrade Uvicorn when installing `fastapi[all]` to the latest version including `uvloop`, the new range is `uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.14.0`. PR [#2548](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2548) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 🐛 PR [#2547](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2547) (read above) also fixes some false-positive mypy errors with `callbacks` parameters and when using the `OAuth2` class.
+
+### Docs
+
+* 📝 Update Uvicorn installation instructions to use uvicorn[standard] (includes uvloop). PR [#2543](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2543) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Update title for Deta tutorial. PR [#2466](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2466) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#2454](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2454) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add docs lang selector widget. PR [#2542](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2542) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Response Status Code. PR [#2442](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2442) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Start translation of the documentation for the Albanian language. PR [#2516](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2516) by [@vjanz](https://github.com/vjanz).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Extra Models. PR [#2416](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2416) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Response Model. PR [#2414](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2414) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Schema Extra Example. PR [#2411](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2411) by [@maoyibo](https://github.com/maoyibo).
+* 🌐 Add Korean translation for Index. PR [#2192](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2192) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Advanced User Guide - Additional Status Codes. PR [#2145](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2145) by [@Attsun1031](https://github.com/Attsun1031).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🐛 Fix docs overrides directory for translations. PR [#2541](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2541) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ➖ Remove Typer as a docs building dependency (covered by typer-cli) to fix pip resolver conflicts. PR [#2539](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2539) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Add newsletter: FastAPI and friends. PR [#2509](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2509) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Add new Gold Sponsor: InvestSuite 🎉. PR [#2508](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2508) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Add issue template configs. PR [#2476](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2476) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.62.0
+
+### Features
+
+* ✨ Add support for shared/top-level parameters (dependencies, tags, etc). PR [#2434](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2434) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+Up to now, for several options, the only way to apply them to a group of *path operations* was in `include_router`. That works well, but the call to `app.include_router()` or `router.include_router()` is normally done in another file.
+
+That means that, for example, to apply authentication to all the *path operations* in a router it would end up being done in a different file, instead of keeping related logic together.
+
+Setting options in `include_router` still makes sense in some cases, for example, to override or increase configurations from a third party router included in an app. But in a router that is part of a bigger application, it would probably make more sense to add those settings when creating the `APIRouter`.
+
+**In `FastAPI`**
+
+This allows setting the (mostly new) parameters (additionally to the already existing parameters):
+
+* `default_response_class`: updated to handle defaults in `APIRouter` and `include_router`.
+* `dependencies`: to include ✨ top-level dependencies ✨ that apply to the whole application. E.g. to add global authentication.
+* `callbacks`: OpenAPI callbacks that apply to all the *path operations*.
+* `deprecated`: to mark all the *path operations* as deprecated. 🤷
+* `include_in_schema`: to allow excluding all the *path operations* from the OpenAPI schema.
+* `responses`: OpenAPI responses that apply to all the *path operations*.
+
+For example:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
+
+
+async def some_dependency():
+    return
+
+
+app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(some_dependency)])
+```
+
+**In `APIRouter`**
+
+This allows setting the (mostly new) parameters (additionally to the already existing parameters):
+
+* `default_response_class`: updated to handle defaults in `APIRouter` and `include_router`. For example, it's not needed to set it explicitly when [creating callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/).
+* `dependencies`: to include ✨ router-level dependencies ✨ that apply to all the *path operations* in a router. Up to now, this was only possible with `include_router`.
+* `callbacks`: OpenAPI callbacks that apply to all the *path operations* in this router.
+* `deprecated`: to mark all the *path operations* in a router as deprecated.
+* `include_in_schema`: to allow excluding all the *path operations* in a router from the OpenAPI schema.
+* `responses`: OpenAPI responses that apply to all the *path operations* in a router.
+* `prefix`: to set the path prefix for a router. Up to now, this was only possible when calling `include_router`.
+* `tags`: OpenAPI tags to apply to all the *path operations* in this router.
+
+For example:
+
+```Python
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+
+
+async def some_dependency():
+    return
+
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/users", dependencies=[Depends(some_dependency)])
+```
+
+**In `include_router`**
+
+Most of these settings are now supported in `APIRouter`, which normally lives closer to the related code, so it is recommended to use `APIRouter` when possible.
+
+But `include_router` is still useful to, for example, adding options (like `dependencies`, `prefix`, and `tags`) when including a third party router, or a generic router that is shared between several projects.
+
+This PR allows setting the (mostly new) parameters (additionally to the already existing parameters):
+
+* `default_response_class`: updated to handle defaults in `APIRouter` and `FastAPI`.
+* `deprecated`: to mark all the *path operations* in a router as deprecated in OpenAPI.
+* `include_in_schema`: to allow disabling all the *path operations* from showing in the OpenAPI schema.
+* `callbacks`: OpenAPI callbacks that apply to all the *path operations* in this router.
+
+Note: all the previous parameters are still there, so it's still possible to declare `dependencies` in `include_router`.
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+* PR [#2434](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2434) includes several improvements that shouldn't affect normal use cases, but could affect in advanced scenarios:
+    * If you are testing the generated OpenAPI (you shouldn't, FastAPI already tests it extensively for you): the order for `tags` in `include_router` and *path operations* was updated for consistency, but it's a simple order change.
+    * If you have advanced custom logic to access each route's `route.response_class`, or the `router.default_response_class`, or the `app.default_response_class`: the default value for `response_class` in `APIRoute` and for `default_response_class` in `APIRouter` and `FastAPI` is now a `DefaultPlaceholder` used internally to handle and solve default values and overrides. The actual response class inside the `DefaultPlaceholder` is available at `route.response_class.value`.
+
+### Docs
+
+* PR [#2434](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2434) (above) includes new or updated docs:
+    * <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Advanced User Guide - OpenAPI Callbacks</a>.
+    * <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tutorial - Bigger Applications</a>.
+    * <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tutorial - Dependencies - Dependencies in path operation decorators</a>.
+    * <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tutorial - Dependencies - Global Dependencies</a>.
+
+* 📝 Add FastAPI monitoring blog post to External Links. PR [#2324](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2324) by [@louisguitton](https://github.com/louisguitton).
+* ✏️ Fix typo in Deta tutorial. PR [#2320](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2320) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Add Discord chat. PR [#2322](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2322) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 📝 Fix image links for sponsors. PR [#2304](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2304) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Advanced - Custom Response. PR [#2193](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2193) by [@Attsun1031](https://github.com/Attsun1031).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Benchmarks. PR [#2119](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2119) by [@spaceack](https://github.com/spaceack).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Tutorial - Body - Nested Models. PR [#1609](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1609) by [@waynerv](https://github.com/waynerv).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Advanced - Custom Response. PR [#1459](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1459) by [@RunningIkkyu](https://github.com/RunningIkkyu).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Advanced - Return a Response Directly. PR [#1452](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1452) by [@RunningIkkyu](https://github.com/RunningIkkyu).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Advanced - Additional Status Codes. PR [#1451](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1451) by [@RunningIkkyu](https://github.com/RunningIkkyu).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Advanced - Path Operation Advanced Configuration. PR [#1447](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1447) by [@RunningIkkyu](https://github.com/RunningIkkyu).
+* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for Advanced User Guide - Intro. PR [#1445](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1445) by [@RunningIkkyu](https://github.com/RunningIkkyu).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔧 Update TestDriven link to course in sponsors section. PR [#2435](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2435) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🍱 Update sponsor logos. PR [#2418](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2418) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 💚 Fix disabling install of Material for MkDocs Insiders in forks, strike 1 ⚾. PR [#2340](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2340) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix disabling Material for MkDocs Insiders install in forks. PR [#2339](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2339) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Add silver sponsor WeTransfer. PR [#2338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2338) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Set up and enable Material for MkDocs Insiders for the docs. PR [#2325](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2325) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+
+## 0.61.2
+
+### Fixes
+
+* 📌 Relax Swagger UI version pin. PR [#2089](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2089) by [@jmriebold](https://github.com/jmriebold).
+* 🐛 Fix bug overriding custom HTTPException and RequestValidationError from exception_handlers. PR [#1924](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1924) by [@uriyyo](https://github.com/uriyyo).
+* ✏️ Fix typo on dependencies utils and cleanup unused variable. PR [#1912](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1912) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex).
+
+### Docs
+
+* ✏️  Fix typo in Tutorial - Path Parameters. PR [#2231](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2231) by [@mariacamilagl](https://github.com/mariacamilagl).
+* ✏ Fix a stylistic error in docs. PR [#2206](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2206) by [@ddobrinskiy](https://github.com/ddobrinskiy).
+* ✏ Fix capitalizaiton typo in docs. PR [#2204](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2204) by [@imba-tjd](https://github.com/imba-tjd).
+* ✏ Fix typo in docs. PR [#2179](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2179) by [@ammarasmro](https://github.com/ammarasmro).
+* 📝 Update/fix links in docs to use HTTPS. PR [#2165](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2165) by [@imba-tjd](https://github.com/imba-tjd).
+* ✏ Fix typos and add rewording in docs. PR [#2159](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2159) by [@nukopy](https://github.com/nukopy).
+* 📝 Fix code consistency in examples for Tutorial - User Guide - Path Parameters. PR [#2158](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2158) by [@nukopy](https://github.com/nukopy).
+* 📝 Fix renamed parameter `content_type` typo. PR [#2135](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2135) by [@TeoZosa](https://github.com/TeoZosa).
+* ✏ Fix minor typos in docs. PR [#2122](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2122) by [@TeoZosa](https://github.com/TeoZosa).
+* ✏ Fix typos in docs and source examples. PR [#2102](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2102) by [@AdrianDeAnda](https://github.com/AdrianDeAnda).
+* ✏ Fix incorrect Celery URLs in docs. PR [#2100](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2100) by [@CircleOnCircles](https://github.com/CircleOnCircles).
+* 📝 Simplify intro to Python Types, all currently supported Python versions include type hints 🎉. PR [#2085](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2085) by [@ninjaaron](https://github.com/ninjaaron).
+* 📝 Fix example code with sets in Tutorial - Body - Nested Models 3. PR [#2054](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2054) by [@hitrust](https://github.com/hitrust).
+* 📝 Fix example code with sets in Tutorial - Body - Nested Models 2. PR [#2053](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2053) by [@hitrust](https://github.com/hitrust).
+* 📝 Fix example code with sets in Tutorial - Body - Nested Models. PR [#2052](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2052) by [@hitrust](https://github.com/hitrust).
+* ✏ Fix typo in Benchmarks. PR [#1995](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1995) by [@AlejoAsd](https://github.com/AlejoAsd).
+* 📝 Add note in CORS tutorial about allow_origins with ["*"] and allow_credentials. PR [#1895](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1895) by [@dsmurrell](https://github.com/dsmurrell).
+* 📝 Add deployment to Deta, the first gold sponsor 🎉. PR [#2303](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2303) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#2282](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2282) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* ✏️ Fix uppercase in Tutorial - Query parameters. PR [#2245](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2245) by [@mariacamilagl](https://github.com/mariacamilagl).
+* 📝 Add articles to External Links. PR [#2247](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2247) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✏ Fix typo in Spanish tutorial index. PR [#2020](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2020) by [@aviloncho](https://github.com/aviloncho).
+
+### Translations
+
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Advanced Tutorial - Response Directly. PR [#2191](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2191) by [@Attsun1031](https://github.com/Attsun1031).
+* 📝 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Security - First Steps. PR [#2153](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2153) by [@komtaki](https://github.com/komtaki).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Query Parameters and String Validations. PR [#1901](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1901) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for External Links. PR [#1443](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1443) by [@Serrones](https://github.com/Serrones).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - CORS. PR [#2125](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2125) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Contributing. PR [#2067](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2067) by [@komtaki](https://github.com/komtaki).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Project Generation. PR [#2050](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2050) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Alternatives. PR [#2043](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2043) by [@Attsun1031](https://github.com/Attsun1031).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for History Design and Future. PR [#2002](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2002) by [@komtaki](https://github.com/komtaki).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Benchmarks. PR [#1992](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1992) by [@komtaki](https://github.com/komtaki).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Header Parameters. PR [#1935](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1935) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for Tutorial - First Steps. PR [#1861](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1861) by [@jessicapaz](https://github.com/jessicapaz).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for Python Types. PR [#1796](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1796) by [@izaguerreiro](https://github.com/izaguerreiro).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Help FastAPI. PR [#1692](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1692) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Body. PR [#1683](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1683) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Tutorial - Query Params. PR [#1674](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1674) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for tutorial/path-params.md. PR [#1671](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1671) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for tutorial/first-steps.md. PR [#1658](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1658) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for tutorial/index.md. PR [#1656](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1656) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Add translation to Portuguese for Project Generation. PR [#1602](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1602) by [@Serrones](https://github.com/Serrones).
+* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for Features. PR [#1625](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1625) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi).
+* 🌐 Initialize new language Korean for translations. PR [#2018](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2018) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders).
+* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation of Deployment. PR [#1374](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1374) by [@Serrones](https://github.com/Serrones).
+
+### Internal
+
+* 🔥 Cleanup after upgrade for Docs Previews GitHub Action. PR [#2248](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2248) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix CI docs preview, unzip docs. PR [#2246](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2246) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ✨ Add instant docs deploy previews for PRs from forks. PR [#2244](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2244) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⚡️ Build docs for languages in parallel in subprocesses to speed up CI. PR [#2242](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2242) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix docs order generation for partial translations. PR [#2238](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2238) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#2202](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2202) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions).
+* ♻️ Update FastAPI People GitHub Action to send the PR as github-actions. PR [#2201](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2201) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update FastAPI People GitHub Action config, run monthly. PR [#2199](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2199) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action Docker dependency, strike 1 ⚾. PR [#2198](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2198) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action Docker dependencies. PR [#2197](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2197) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action when there's nothing to change. PR [#2196](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2196) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👥 Add new section FastAPI People. PR [#2195](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2195) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade GitHub Action Latest Changes. PR [#2190](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2190) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* ⬆️ Upgrade GitHub Action Label Approved. PR [#2189](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2189) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔧 Update GitHub Action Label Approved, run at 12:00. PR [#2185](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2185) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Upgrade GitHub Action Latest Changes. PR [#2184](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2184) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Set GitHub Action Label Approved to run daily, not every minute. PR [#2163](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2163) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 🔥 Remove pr-approvals GitHub Action as it's not compatible with forks. Use the new one. PR [#2162](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2162) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo).
+* 👷 Add GitHub Action Latest Changes. PR [#2160](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2160).
+* 👷 Add GitHub Action Label Approved. PR [#2161](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2161).
 
 ## 0.61.1
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ You can see more details in <a href="https://www.starlette.io/background/" class
 
 ## Caveat
 
-If you need to perform heavy background computation and you don't necessarily need it to be run by the same process (for example, you don't need to share memory, variables, etc), you might benefit from using other bigger tools like <a href="http://www.celeryproject.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>.
+If you need to perform heavy background computation and you don't necessarily need it to be run by the same process (for example, you don't need to share memory, variables, etc), you might benefit from using other bigger tools like <a href="https://docs.celeryproject.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>.
 
 They tend to require more complex configurations, a message/job queue manager, like RabbitMQ or Redis, but they allow you to run background tasks in multiple processes, and especially, in multiple servers.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md

@@ -16,14 +16,18 @@ Let's say you have a file structure like this:
 ├── app
 │   ├── __init__.py
 │   ├── main.py
+│   ├── dependencies.py
 │   └── routers
+│   │   ├── __init__.py
+│   │   ├── items.py
+│   │   └── users.py
+│   └── internal
 │       ├── __init__.py
-│       ├── items.py
-│       └── users.py
+│       └── admin.py
 ```
 
 !!! tip
-    There are two `__init__.py` files: one in each directory or subdirectory.
+    There are several `__init__.py` files: one in each directory or subdirectory.
 
     This is what allows importing code from one file into another.
 
@@ -33,18 +37,33 @@ Let's say you have a file structure like this:
     from app.routers import items
     ```
 
-* The `app` directory contains everything.
-* This `app` directory has an empty file `app/__init__.py`.
-    * So, the `app` directory is a "Python package" (a collection of "Python modules").
-* The `app` directory also has a `app/main.py` file.
-    * As it is inside a Python package directory (because there's a file `__init__.py`), it is a "module" of that package: `app.main`.
-* There's a subdirectory `app/routers/`.
-* The subdirectory `app/routers` also has an empty file `__init__.py`.
-    * So, it is a "Python subpackage".
-* The file `app/routers/items.py` is beside the `app/routers/__init__.py`.
-    * So, it's a submodule: `app.routers.items`.
-* The file `app/routers/users.py` is beside the `app/routers/__init__.py`.
-    * So, it's a submodule: `app.routers.users`.
+* The `app` directory contains everything. And it has an empty file `app/__init__.py`, so it is a "Python package" (a collection of "Python modules"): `app`.
+* It contains an `app/main.py` file. As it is inside a Python package (a directory with a file `__init__.py`), it is a "module" of that package: `app.main`.
+* There's also an `app/dependencies.py` file, just like `app/main.py`, it is a "module": `app.dependencies`.
+* There's a subdirectory `app/routers/` with another file `__init__.py`, so it's a "Python subpackage": `app.routers`.
+* The file `app/routers/items.py` is inside a package, `app/routers/`, so, it's a submodule: `app.routers.items`.
+* The same with `app/routers/users.py`, it's another submodule: `app.routers.users`.
+* There's also a subdirectory `app/internal/` with another file `__init__.py`, so it's another "Python subpackage": `app.internal`.
+* And the file `app/internal/admin.py` is another submodule: `app.internal.admin`.
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.svg">
+
+The same file structure with comments:
+
+```
+.
+├── app                  # "app" is a Python package
+│   ├── __init__.py      # this file makes "app" a "Python package"
+│   ├── main.py          # "main" module, e.g. import app.main
+│   ├── dependencies.py  # "dependencies" module, e.g. import app.dependencies
+│   └── routers          # "routers" is a "Python subpackage"
+│   │   ├── __init__.py  # makes "routers" a "Python subpackage"
+│   │   ├── items.py     # "items" submodule, e.g. import app.routers.items
+│   │   └── users.py     # "users" submodule, e.g. import app.routers.users
+│   └── internal         # "internal" is a "Python subpackage"
+│       ├── __init__.py  # makes "internal" a "Python subpackage"
+│       └── admin.py     # "admin" submodule, e.g. import app.internal.admin
+```
 
 ## `APIRouter`
 
@@ -78,16 +97,33 @@ You can think of `APIRouter` as a "mini `FastAPI`" class.
 
 All the same options are supported.
 
-All the same parameters, responses, dependencies, tags, etc.
+All the same `parameters`, `responses`, `dependencies`, `tags`, etc.
 
 !!! tip
     In this example, the variable is called `router`, but you can name it however you want.
 
-We are going to include this `APIrouter` in the main `FastAPI` app, but first, let's add another `APIRouter`.
+We are going to include this `APIRouter` in the main `FastAPI` app, but first, let's check the dependencies and another `APIRouter`.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+We see that we are going to need some dependencies used in several places of the application.
+
+So we put them in their own `dependencies` module (`app/dependencies.py`).
+
+We will now use a simple dependency to read a custom `X-Token` header:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  4-6"
+{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    We are using an invented header to simplify this example.
+
+    But in real cases you will get better results using the integrated [Security utilities](./security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
 ## Another module with `APIRouter`
 
-Let's say you also have the endpoints dedicated to handling "Items" from your application in the module at `app/routers/items.py`.
+Let's say you also have the endpoints dedicated to handling "items" from your application in the module at `app/routers/items.py`.
 
 You have *path operations* for:
 
@@ -96,24 +132,148 @@ You have *path operations* for:
 
 It's all the same structure as with `app/routers/users.py`.
 
-But let's say that this time we are more lazy.
+But we want to be smarter and simplify the code a bit.
 
-And we don't want to have to explicitly type `/items/` and `tags=["items"]` in every *path operation* (we will be able to do it later):
+We know all the *path operations* in this module have the same:
 
-```Python hl_lines="6  11"
+* Path `prefix`: `/items`.
+* `tags`: (just one tag: `items`).
+* Extra `responses`.
+* `dependencies`: they all need that `X-Token` dependency we created.
+
+So, instead of adding all that to each *path operation*, we can add it to the `APIRouter`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="5-10  16  21"
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!}
 ```
 
+As the path of each *path operation* has to start with `/`, like in:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+@router.get("/{item_id}")
+async def read_item(item_id: str):
+    ...
+```
+
+...the prefix must not include a final `/`.
+
+So, the prefix in this case is `/items`.
+
+We can also add a list of `tags` and extra `responses` that will be applied to all the *path operations* included in this router.
+
+And we can add a list of `dependencies` that will be added to all the *path operations* in the router and will be executed/solved for each request made to them.
+
+!!! tip
+    Note that, much like [dependencies in *path operation decorators*](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, no value will be passed to your *path operation function*.
+
+The end result is that the item paths are now:
+
+* `/items/`
+* `/items/{item_id}`
+
+...as we intended.
+
+* They will be marked with a list of tags that contain a single string `"items"`.
+    * These "tags" are especially useful for the automatic interactive documentation systems (using OpenAPI).
+* All of them will include the predefined `responses`.
+* All these *path operations* will have the list of `dependencies` evaluated/executed before them.
+    * If you also declare dependencies in a specific *path operation*, **they will be executed too**.
+    * The router dependencies are executed first, then the [`dependencies` in the decorator](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, and then the normal parameter dependencies.
+    * You can also add [`Security` dependencies with `scopes`](../advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+!!! tip
+    Having `dependencies` in the `APIRouter` can be used, for example, to require authentication for a whole group of *path operations*. Even if the dependencies are not added individually to each one of them.
+
+!!! check
+    The `prefix`, `tags`, `responses`, and `dependencies` parameters are (as in many other cases) just a feature from **FastAPI** to help you avoid code duplication.
+
+### Import the dependencies
+
+This codes lives in the module `app.routers.items`, the file `app/routers/items.py`.
+
+And we need to get the dependency function from the module `app.dependencies`, the file `app/dependencies.py`.
+
+So we use a relative import with `..` for the dependencies:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3"
+{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!}
+```
+
+#### How relative imports work
+
+!!! tip
+    If you know perfectly how imports work, continue to the next section below.
+
+A single dot `.`, like in:
+
+```Python
+from .dependencies import get_token_header
+```
+
+would mean:
+
+* Starting in the same package that this module (the file `app/routers/items.py`) lives in (the directory `app/routers/`)...
+* find the module `dependencies` (an imaginary file at `app/routers/dependencies.py`)...
+* and from it, import the function `get_token_header`.
+
+But that file doesn't exist, our dependencies are in a file at `app/dependencies.py`.
+
+Remember how our app/file structure looks like:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.svg">
+
+---
+
+The two dots `..`, like in:
+
+```Python
+from ..dependencies import get_token_header
+```
+
+mean:
+
+* Starting in the same package that this module (the file `app/routers/items.py`) lives in (the directory `app/routers/`)...
+* go to the parent package (the directory `app/`)...
+* and in there, find the module `dependencies` (the file at `app/routers/dependencies.py`)...
+* and from it, import the function `get_token_header`.
+
+That works correctly! 🎉
+
+---
+
+The same way, if we had used three dots `...`, like in:
+
+```Python
+from ...dependencies import get_token_header
+```
+
+that would mean:
+
+* Starting in the same package that this module (the file `app/routers/items.py`) lives in (the directory `app/routers/`)...
+* go to the parent package (the directory `app/`)...
+* then go to the parent of that package (there's no parent package, `app` is the top level 😱)...
+* and in there, find the module `dependencies` (the file at `app/routers/dependencies.py`)...
+* and from it, import the function `get_token_header`.
+
+That would refer to some package above `app/`, with its own file `__init__.py`, etc. But we don't have that. So, that would throw an error in our example. 🚨
+
+But now you know how it works, so you can use relative imports in your own apps no matter how complex they are. 🤓
+
 ### Add some custom `tags`, `responses`, and `dependencies`
 
-We are not adding the prefix `/items/` nor the `tags=["items"]` to add them later.
+We are not adding the prefix `/items` nor the `tags=["items"]` to each *path operation* because we added them to the `APIRouter`.
 
-But we can add custom `tags` and `responses` that will be applied to a specific *path operation*:
+But we can still add _more_ `tags` that will be applied to a specific *path operation*, and also some extra `responses` specific to that *path operation*:
 
-```Python hl_lines="18-19"
+```Python hl_lines="30-31"
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!}
 ```
 
+!!! tip
+    This last path operation will have the combination of tags: `["items", "custom"]`.
+
+    And it will also have both responses in the documentation, one for `404` and one for `403`.
+
 ## The main `FastAPI`
 
 Now, let's see the module at `app/main.py`.
@@ -122,25 +282,27 @@ Here's where you import and use the class `FastAPI`.
 
 This will be the main file in your application that ties everything together.
 
+And as most of your logic will now live in its own specific module, the main file will be quite simple.
+
 ### Import `FastAPI`
 
-You import and create a `FastAPI` class as normally:
+You import and create a `FastAPI` class as normally.
 
-```Python hl_lines="1  5"
+And we can even declare [global dependencies](dependencies/global-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} that will be combined with the dependencies for each `APIRouter`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  3  7"
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
 ```
 
 ### Import the `APIRouter`
 
-But this time we are not adding *path operations* directly with the `FastAPI` `app`.
+Now we import the other submodules that have `APIRouter`s:
 
-We import the other submodules that have `APIRouter`s:
-
-```Python hl_lines="3"
+```Python hl_lines="5"
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
 ```
 
-As the file `app/routers/items.py` is part of the same Python package, we can import it using "dot notation".
+As the files `app/routers/users.py` and `app/routers/items.py` are submodules that are part of the same Python package `app`, we can use a single dot `.` to import them using "relative imports".
 
 ### How the importing works
 
@@ -156,7 +318,9 @@ Means:
 * look for the subpackage `routers` (the directory at `app/routers/`)...
 * and from it, import the submodule `items` (the file at `app/routers/items.py`) and `users` (the file at `app/routers/users.py`)...
 
-The module `items` will have a variable `router` (`items.router`). This is the same one we created in the file `app/routers/items.py`. It's an `APIRouter`. The same for the module `users`.
+The module `items` will have a variable `router` (`items.router`). This is the same one we created in the file `app/routers/items.py`, it's an `APIRouter` object.
+
+And then we do the same for the module `users`.
 
 We could also import them like:
 
@@ -165,9 +329,17 @@ from app.routers import items, users
 ```
 
 !!! info
-    The first version is a "relative import".
+    The first version is a "relative import":
 
-    The second version is an "absolute import".
+    ```Python
+    from .routers import items, users
+    ```
+    
+    The second version is an "absolute import":
+
+    ```Python
+    from app.routers import items, users
+    ```
 
     To learn more about Python Packages and Modules, read <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">the official Python documentation about Modules</a>.
 
@@ -188,22 +360,24 @@ The `router` from `users` would overwrite the one from `items` and we wouldn't b
 
 So, to be able to use both of them in the same file, we import the submodules directly:
 
-```Python hl_lines="3"
+```Python hl_lines="4"
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
 ```
 
-### Include an `APIRouter`
+### Include the `APIRouter`s for `users` and `items`
 
-Now, let's include the `router` from the submodule `users`:
+Now, let's include the `router`s from the submodules `users` and `items`:
 
-```Python hl_lines="13"
+```Python hl_lines="10-11"
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
 ```
 
 !!! info
     `users.router` contains the `APIRouter` inside of the file `app/routers/users.py`.
 
-With `app.include_router()` we can add an `APIRouter` to the main `FastAPI` application.
+    And `items.router` contains the `APIRouter` inside of the file `app/routers/items.py`.
+
+With `app.include_router()` we can add each `APIRouter` to the main `FastAPI` application.
 
 It will include all the routes from that router as part of it.
 
@@ -217,67 +391,52 @@ It will include all the routes from that router as part of it.
 
     This will take microseconds and will only happen at startup.
 
-    So it won't affect performance.
+    So it won't affect performance. ⚡
 
-### Include an `APIRouter` with a `prefix`, `tags`, `responses`, and `dependencies`
+### Include an `APIRouter` with a custom `prefix`, `tags`, `responses`, and `dependencies`
 
-Now, let's include the router from the `items` submodule.
+Now, let's imagine your organization gave you the `app/internal/admin.py` file.
 
-But, remember that we were lazy and didn't add `/items/` nor `tags` to all the *path operations*?
+It contains an `APIRouter` with some admin *path operations* that your organization shares between several projects.
 
-We can add a prefix to all the *path operations* using the parameter `prefix` of `app.include_router()`.
+For this example it will be super simple. But let's say that because it is shared with other projects in the organization, we cannot modify it and add a `prefix`, `dependencies`, `tags`, etc. directly to the `APIRouter`:
 
-As the path of each *path operation* has to start with `/`, like in:
-
-```Python hl_lines="1"
-@router.get("/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: str):
-    ...
+```Python hl_lines="3"
+{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/internal/admin.py!}
 ```
 
-...the prefix must not include a final `/`.
+But we still want to set a custom `prefix` when including the `APIRouter` so that all its *path operations* start with `/admin`, we want to secure it with the `dependencies` we already have for this project, and we want to include `tags` and `responses`.
 
-So, the prefix in this case would be `/items`.
+We can declare all that without having to modify the original `APIRouter` by passing those parameters to `app.include_router()`:
 
-We can also add a list of `tags` that will be applied to all the *path operations* included in this router.
-
-And we can add predefined `responses` that will be included in all the *path operations* too.
-
-And we can add a list of `dependencies` that will be added to all the *path operations* in the router and will be executed/solved for each request made to them. Note that, much like dependencies in *path operation decorators*, no value will be passed to your *path operation function*.
-
-```Python hl_lines="8-10  14-20"
+```Python hl_lines="14-17"
 {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
 ```
 
-The end result is that the item paths are now:
+That way, the original `APIRouter` will keep unmodified, so we can still share that same `app/internal/admin.py` file with other projects in the organization.
 
-* `/items/`
-* `/items/{item_id}`
+The result is that in our app, each of the *path operations* from the `admin` module will have:
 
-...as we intended.
+* The prefix `/admin`.
+* The tag `admin`.
+* The dependency `get_token_header`.
+* The response `418`. 🍵
 
-* They will be marked with a list of tags that contain a single string `"items"`.
-* The *path operation* that declared a `"custom"` tag will have both tags, `items` and `custom`.
-    * These "tags" are especially useful for the automatic interactive documentation systems (using OpenAPI).
-* All of them will include the predefined `responses`.
-* The *path operation* that declared a custom `403` response will have both the predefined responses (`404`) and the `403` declared in it directly.
-* All these *path operations* will have the list of `dependencies` evaluated/executed before them.
-    * If you also declare dependencies in a specific *path operation*, **they will be executed too**.
-    * The router dependencies are executed first, then the [`dependencies` in the decorator](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, and then the normal parameter dependencies.
-    * You can also add [`Security` dependencies with `scopes`](../advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+But that will only affect that `APIRouter` in our app, not in any other code that uses it.
 
-!!! tip
-    Having `dependencies` in a decorator can be used, for example, to require authentication for a whole group of *path operations*. Even if the dependencies are not added individually to each one of them.
+So, for example, other projects could use the same `APIRouter` with a different authentication method.
 
-!!! check
-    The `prefix`, `tags`, `responses` and `dependencies` parameters are (as in many other cases) just a feature from **FastAPI** to help you avoid code duplication.
+### Include a *path operation*
 
-!!! tip
-    You could also add *path operations* directly, for example with: `@app.get(...)`.
+We can also add *path operations* directly to the `FastAPI` app.
 
-    Apart from `app.include_router()`, in the same **FastAPI** app.
+Here we do it... just to show that we can 🤷:
 
-    It would still work the same.
+```Python hl_lines="21-23"
+{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
+```
+
+and it will work correctly, together with all the other *path operations* added with `app.include_router()`.
 
 !!! info "Very Technical Details"
     **Note**: this is a very technical detail that you probably can **just skip**.
@@ -317,3 +476,13 @@ You can also use `.include_router()` multiple times with the *same* router using
 This could be useful, for example, to expose the same API under different prefixes, e.g. `/api/v1` and `/api/latest`.
 
 This is an advanced usage that you might not really need, but it's there in case you do.
+
+## Include an `APIRouter` in another
+
+The same way you can include an `APIRouter` in a `FastAPI` application, you can include an `APIRouter` in another `APIRouter` using:
+
+```Python
+router.include_router(other_router)
+```
+
+Make sure you do it before including `router` in the `FastAPI` app, so that the *path operations* from `other_router` are also included.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/body.md

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ With just that Python type declaration, **FastAPI** will:
     * If the data is invalid, it will return a nice and clear error, indicating exactly where and what was the incorrect data.
 * Give you the received data in the parameter `item`.
     * As you declared it in the function to be of type `Item`, you will also have all the editor support (completion, etc) for all of the attributes and their types.
-* Generate <a href="http://json-schema.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a> definitions for your model, you can also use them anywhere else you like if it makes sense for your project.
+* Generate <a href="https://json-schema.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a> definitions for your model, you can also use them anywhere else you like if it makes sense for your project.
 * Those schemas will be part of the generated OpenAPI schema, and used by the automatic documentation <abbr title="User Interfaces">UIs</abbr>.
 
 ## Automatic docs
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Inside of the function, you can access all the attributes of the model object di
 
 ## Request body + path parameters
 
-You can declare path parameters and body requests at the same time.
+You can declare path parameters and request body at the same time.
 
 **FastAPI** will recognize that the function parameters that match path parameters should be **taken from the path**, and that function parameters that are declared to be Pydantic models should be **taken from the request body**.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/cors.md

@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ The default parameters used by the `CORSMiddleware` implementation are restricti
 The following arguments are supported:
 
 * `allow_origins` - A list of origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. E.g. `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. You can use `['*']` to allow any origin.
-* `allow_origin_regex` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. eg. `'https://.*\.example\.org'`.
+* `allow_origin_regex` - A regex string to match against origins that should be permitted to make cross-origin requests. e.g. `'https://.*\.example\.org'`.
 * `allow_methods` - A list of HTTP methods that should be allowed for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `['GET']`. You can use `['*']` to allow all standard methods.
 * `allow_headers` - A list of HTTP request headers that should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `[]`. You can use `['*']` to allow all headers. The `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` and `Content-Type` headers are always allowed for CORS requests.
-* `allow_credentials` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `False`.
+* `allow_credentials` - Indicate that cookies should be supported for cross-origin requests. Defaults to `False`. Also, `allow_origins` cannot be set to `['*']` for credentials to be allowed, origins must be specified.
 * `expose_headers` - Indicate any response headers that should be made accessible to the browser. Defaults to `[]`.
 * `max_age` - Sets a maximum time in seconds for browsers to cache CORS responses. Defaults to `600`.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md

@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ These dependencies will be executed/solved the same way normal dependencies. But
 
     It might also help avoid confusion for new developers that see an unused parameter in your code and could think it's unnecessary.
 
+!!! info
+    In this example we use invented custom headers `X-Key` and `X-Token`.
+
+    But in real cases, when implementing security, you would get more benefits from using the integrated [Security utilities (the next chapter)](../security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
 ## Dependencies errors and return values
 
 You can use the same dependency *functions* you use normally.
@@ -60,3 +65,7 @@ So, you can re-use a normal dependency (that returns a value) you already use so
 ## Dependencies for a group of *path operations*
 
 Later, when reading about how to structure bigger applications ([Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](../../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), possibly with multiple files, you will learn how to declare a single `dependencies` parameter for a group of *path operations*.
+
+## Global Dependencies
+
+Next we will see how to add dependencies to the whole `FastAPI` application, so that they apply to each *path operation*.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Global Dependencies
+
+For some types of applications you might want to add dependencies to the whole application.
+
+Similar to the way you can [add `dependencies` to the *path operation decorators*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, you can add them to the `FastAPI` application.
+
+In that case, they will be applied to all the *path operations* in the application:
+
+```Python hl_lines="15"
+{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py!}
+```
+
+And all the ideas in the section about [adding `dependencies` to the *path operation decorators*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank} still apply, but in this case, to all of the *path operations* in the app.
+
+## Dependencies for groups of *path operations*
+
+Later, when reading about how to structure bigger applications ([Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](../../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), possibly with multiple files, you will learn how to declare a single `dependencies` parameter for a group of *path operations*.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ This also means that if you are inside a utility function that you are calling i
 
 The benefit of raising an exception over `return`ing a value will be more evident in the section about Dependencies and Security.
 
-In this example, when the client request an item by an ID that doesn't exist, raise an exception with a status code of `404`:
+In this example, when the client requests an item by an ID that doesn't exist, raise an exception with a status code of `404`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="11"
 {!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!}

docs/en/docs/tutorial/index.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all]
     Also install `uvicorn` to work as the server:
 
     ```
-    pip install uvicorn
+    pip install uvicorn[standard]
     ```
 
     And the same for each of the optional dependencies that you want to use.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ And you can also declare numeric validations:
 * `le`: `l`ess than or `e`qual
 
 !!! info
-    `Query`, `Path` and others you will see later subclasses of a common `Param` class (that you don't need to use).
+    `Query`, `Path`, and others you will see later are subclasses of a common `Param` class (that you don't need to use).
 
     And all of them share the same all these same parameters of additional validation and metadata you have seen.
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params.md

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ But if you go to the browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo" class=
 
 because the path parameter `item_id` had a value of `"foo"`, which is not an `int`.
 
-The same error would appear if you provided a `float` instead of an int, as in: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2</a>
+The same error would appear if you provided a `float` instead of an `int`, as in: <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2</a>
 
 !!! check
     So, with the same Python type declaration, **FastAPI** gives you data validation.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The query parameter `q` is of type `Optional[str]`, that means that it's of type
 
 ## Additional validation
 
-We are going to enforce that even though `q` is optional, whenever it is provided, it **doesn't exceed a length of 50 characters**.
+We are going to enforce that even though `q` is optional, whenever it is provided, **its length doesn't exceed 50 characters**.
 
 ### Import `Query`
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ When you declare other function parameters that are not part of the path paramet
 
 The query is the set of key-value pairs that go after the `?` in a URL, separated by `&` characters.
 
-For example, in the url:
+For example, in the URL:
 
 ```
 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10

docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ If you declare the type of your *path operation function* parameter as `bytes`,
 
 Have in mind that this means that the whole contents will be stored in memory. This will work well for small files.
 
-But there are several cases in where you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.
+But there are several cases in which you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.
 
 ## `File` parameters with `UploadFile`
 

docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md

@@ -1,58 +1,109 @@
-# Schema Extra - Example
+# Declare Request Example Data
 
-You can define extra information to go in JSON Schema.
+You can declare examples of the data your app can receive.
 
-A common use case is to add an `example` that will be shown in the docs.
-
-There are several ways you can declare extra JSON Schema information.
+Here are several ways to do it.
 
 ## Pydantic `schema_extra`
 
-You can declare an example for a Pydantic model using `Config` and `schema_extra`, as described in <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/schema/#schema-customization" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's docs: Schema customization</a>:
+You can declare an `example` for a Pydantic model using `Config` and `schema_extra`, as described in <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/schema/#schema-customization" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's docs: Schema customization</a>:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="15-23"
 {!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!}
 ```
 
-That extra info will be added as-is to the output JSON Schema.
+That extra info will be added as-is to the output **JSON Schema** for that model, and it will be used in the API docs.
+
+!!! tip
+    You could use the same technique to extend the JSON Schema and add your own custom extra info.
+
+    For example you could use it to add metadata for a frontend user interface, etc.
 
 ## `Field` additional arguments
 
-In `Field`, `Path`, `Query`, `Body` and others you'll see later, you can also declare extra info for the JSON Schema by passing any other arbitrary arguments to the function, for example, to add an `example`:
+When using `Field()` with Pydantic models, you can also declare extra info for the **JSON Schema** by passing any other arbitrary arguments to the function.
+
+You can use this to add `example` for each field:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="4  10-13"
 {!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!}
 ```
 
 !!! warning
-    Have in mind that those extra arguments passed won't add any validation, only annotation, for documentation purposes.
+    Keep in mind that those extra arguments passed won't add any validation, only extra information, for documentation purposes.
 
-## `Body` additional arguments
+## `example` and `examples` in OpenAPI
 
-The same way you can pass extra info to `Field`, you can do the same with `Path`, `Query`, `Body`, etc.
+When using any of:
 
-For example, you can pass an `example` for a body request to `Body`:
+* `Path()`
+* `Query()`
+* `Header()`
+* `Cookie()`
+* `Body()`
+* `Form()`
+* `File()`
+
+you can also declare a data `example` or a group of `examples` with additional information that will be added to **OpenAPI**.
+
+### `Body` with `example`
+
+Here we pass an `example` of the data expected in `Body()`:
 
 ```Python hl_lines="21-26"
 {!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!}
 ```
 
-## Example in the docs UI
+### Example in the docs UI
 
 With any of the methods above it would look like this in the `/docs`:
 
 <img src="/img/tutorial/body-fields/image01.png">
 
+### `Body` with multiple `examples`
+
+Alternatively to the single `example`, you can pass `examples` using a `dict` with **multiple examples**, each with extra information that will be added to **OpenAPI** too.
+
+The keys of the `dict` identify each example, and each value is another `dict`.
+
+Each specific example `dict` in the `examples` can contain:
+
+* `summary`: Short description for the example.
+* `description`: A long description that can contain Markdown text.
+* `value`: This is the actual example shown, e.g. a `dict`.
+* `externalValue`: alternative to `value`, a URL pointing to the example. Although this might not be supported by as many tools as `value`.
+
+```Python hl_lines="22-48"
+{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+### Examples in the docs UI
+
+With `examples` added to `Body()` the `/docs` would look like:
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/body-fields/image02.png">
+
 ## Technical Details
 
-About `example` vs `examples`...
+!!! warning
+    These are very technical details about the standards **JSON Schema** and **OpenAPI**.
 
-JSON Schema defines a field <a href="https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.9.5" class="external-link" target="_blank">`examples`</a> in the most recent versions, but OpenAPI is based on an older version of JSON Schema that didn't have `examples`.
+    If the ideas above already work for you, that might me enough, and you probably don't need these details, feel free to skip them.
 
-So, OpenAPI defined its own <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.3.md#fixed-fields-20" class="external-link" target="_blank">`example`</a> for the same purpose (as `example`, not `examples`), and that's what is used by the docs UI (using Swagger UI).
+When you add an example inside of a Pydantic model, using `schema_extra` or `Field(example="something")` that example is added to the **JSON Schema** for that Pydantic model.
 
-So, although `example` is not part of JSON Schema, it is part of OpenAPI, and that's what will be used by the docs UI.
+And that **JSON Schema** of the Pydantic model is included in the **OpenAPI** of your API, and then it's used in the docs UI.
 
-## Other info
+**JSON Schema** doesn't really have a field `example` in the standards. Recent versions of JSON Schema define a field <a href="https://json-schema.org/draft/2019-09/json-schema-validation.html#rfc.section.9.5" class="external-link" target="_blank">`examples`</a>, but OpenAPI 3.0.3 is based on an older version of JSON Schema that didn't have `examples`.
 
-The same way, you could add your own custom extra info that would be added to the JSON Schema for each model, for example to customize a frontend user interface, etc.
+So, OpenAPI 3.0.3 defined its own <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.0.3.md#fixed-fields-20" class="external-link" target="_blank">`example`</a> for the modified version of **JSON Schema** it uses, for the same purpose (but it's a single `example`, not `examples`), and that's what is used by the API docs UI (using Swagger UI).
+
+So, although `example` is not part of JSON Schema, it is part of OpenAPI's custom version of JSON Schema, and that's what will be used by the docs UI.
+
+But when you use `example` or `examples` with any of the other utilities (`Query()`, `Body()`, etc.) those examples are not added to the JSON Schema that describes that data (not even to OpenAPI's own version of JSON Schema), they are added directly to the *path operation* declaration in OpenAPI (outside the parts of OpenAPI that use JSON Schema).
+
+For `Path()`, `Query()`, `Header()`, and `Cookie()`, the `example` or `examples` are added to the <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.0.3.md#parameter-object" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI definition, to the `Parameter Object` (in the specification)</a>.
+
+And for `Body()`, `File()`, and `Form()`, the `example` or `examples` are equivalently added to the <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.0.3.md#mediaTypeObject" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI definition, to the `Request Body Object`, in the field `content`, on the `Media Type Object` (in the specification)</a>.
+
+On the other hand, there's a newer version of OpenAPI: **3.1.0**, recently released. It is based on the latest JSON Schema and most of the modifications from OpenAPI's custom version of JSON Schema are removed, in exchange of the features from the recent versions of JSON Schema, so all these small differences are reduced. Nevertheless, Swagger UI currently doesn't support OpenAPI 3.1.0, so, for now, it's better to continue using the ideas above.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ $ pip install python-jose[cryptography]
 
 <a href="https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose" class="external-link" target="_blank">Python-jose</a> requires a cryptographic backend as an extra.
 
-Here we are using the recommended one: <a href="http://cryptography.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pyca/cryptography</a>.
+Here we are using the recommended one: <a href="https://cryptography.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pyca/cryptography</a>.
 
 !!! tip
     This tutorial previously used <a href="https://pyjwt.readthedocs.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyJWT</a>.

docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Now let's check the file `sql_app/schemas.py`.
     To avoid confusion between the SQLAlchemy *models* and the Pydantic *models*, we will have the file `models.py` with the SQLAlchemy models, and the file `schemas.py` with the Pydantic models.
 
     These Pydantic models define more or less a "schema" (a valid data shape).
-    
+
     So this will help us avoiding confusion while using both.
 
 ### Create initial Pydantic *models* / schemas
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ Create utility functions to:
 
 * Read a single user by ID and by email.
 * Read multiple users.
-* Read a single item.
+* Read multiple items.
 
 ```Python hl_lines="1  3  6-7  10-11  14-15  27-28"
 {!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!}
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ Our dependency will create a new SQLAlchemy `SessionLocal` that will be used in
     We put the creation of the `SessionLocal()` and handling of the requests in a `try` block.
 
     And then we close it in the `finally` block.
-    
+
     This way we make sure the database session is always closed after the request. Even if there was an exception while processing the request.
 
     But you can't raise another exception from the exit code (after `yield`). See more in [Dependencies with `yield` and `HTTPException`](./dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md#dependencies-with-yield-and-httpexception){.internal-link target=_blank}
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ And as the code related to SQLAlchemy and the SQLAlchemy models lives in separat
 
 The same way, you would be able to use the same SQLAlchemy models and utilities in other parts of your code that are not related to **FastAPI**.
 
-For example, in a background task worker with <a href="http://www.celeryproject.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>, <a href="https://python-rq.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">RQ</a>, or <a href="https://arq-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">ARQ</a>.
+For example, in a background task worker with <a href="https://docs.celeryproject.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>, <a href="https://python-rq.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">RQ</a>, or <a href="https://arq-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">ARQ</a>.
 
 ## Review all the files
 
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ The middleware we'll add (just a function) will create a new SQLAlchemy `Session
     We put the creation of the `SessionLocal()` and handling of the requests in a `try` block.
 
     And then we close it in the `finally` block.
-    
+
     This way we make sure the database session is always closed after the request. Even if there was an exception while processing the request.
 
 ### About `request.state`

docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Thanks to <a href="https://www.starlette.io/testclient/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>, testing **FastAPI** applications is easy and enjoyable.
 
-It is based on <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>, so it's very familiar and intuitive.
+It is based on <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>, so it's very familiar and intuitive.
 
 With it, you can use <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> directly with **FastAPI**.
 
@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ E.g.:
 * To pass *headers*, use a `dict` in the `headers` parameter.
 * For *cookies*, a `dict` in the `cookies` parameter.
 
-For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `requests` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests documentation</a>.
+For more information about how to pass data to the backend (using `requests` or the `TestClient`) check the <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests documentation</a>.
 
 !!! info
     Note that the `TestClient` receives data that can be converted to JSON, not Pydantic models.
 
-    If you have a Pydantic model in your test and you want to send its data to the application during testing, you can use the `jsonable_encoder` descibed in [JSON Compatible Encoder](encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+    If you have a Pydantic model in your test and you want to send its data to the application during testing, you can use the `jsonable_encoder` described in [JSON Compatible Encoder](encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
 ## Run it
 

docs/en/mkdocs.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,23 @@ site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to co
 site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/
 theme:
   name: material
+  custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-    scheme: preference
+  - scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb-outline
+      name: Switch to light mode
+  - scheme: slate
+    primary: teal
+    accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb
+      name: Switch to dark mode
+  features:
+  - search.suggest
+  - search.highlight
   icon:
     repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
   logo: img/icon-white.svg
@@ -28,14 +41,18 @@ nav:
   - en: /
   - es: /es/
   - fr: /fr/
-  - ja: /ja/
   - it: /it/
+  - ja: /ja/
+  - ko: /ko/
+  - pl: /pl/
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
+  - sq: /sq/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
 - features.md
+- fastapi-people.md
 - python-types.md
 - Tutorial - User Guide:
   - tutorial/index.md
@@ -67,6 +84,7 @@ nav:
     - tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md
     - tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md
     - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md
+    - tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md
     - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md
   - Security:
     - tutorial/security/index.md
@@ -121,7 +139,13 @@ nav:
   - advanced/openapi-callbacks.md
   - advanced/wsgi.md
 - async.md
-- deployment.md
+- Deployment:
+  - deployment/index.md
+  - deployment/versions.md
+  - deployment/https.md
+  - deployment/deta.md
+  - deployment/docker.md
+  - deployment/manually.md
 - project-generation.md
 - alternatives.md
 - history-design-future.md
@@ -149,7 +173,9 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
-    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/typer
+    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord
+    link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter
     link: https://twitter.com/tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin
@@ -160,6 +186,33 @@ extra:
     link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe
     link: https://tiangolo.com
+  alternate:
+  - link: /
+    name: en - English
+  - link: /es/
+    name: es - español
+  - link: /fr/
+    name: fr - français
+  - link: /it/
+    name: it - italiano
+  - link: /ja/
+    name: ja - 日本語
+  - link: /ko/
+    name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /pl/
+    name: pl
+  - link: /pt/
+    name: pt - português
+  - link: /ru/
+    name: ru - русский язык
+  - link: /sq/
+    name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /tr/
+    name: tr - Türkçe
+  - link: /uk/
+    name: uk - українська мова
+  - link: /zh/
+    name: zh - 汉语
 extra_css:
 - css/termynal.css
 - css/custom.css
@@ -167,5 +220,3 @@ extra_javascript:
 - https://unpkg.com/mermaid@8.4.6/dist/mermaid.min.js
 - js/termynal.js
 - js/custom.js
-- js/chat.js
-- https://sidecar.gitter.im/dist/sidecar.v1.js

docs/en/overrides/main.html

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+
+{% block announce %}
+<div class="announce-wrapper">
+  <div id="announce-left">
+    <div class="item">
+      <a class="announce-link" href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/newsletter/">
+        <span class="twemoji">
+          {% include ".icons/material/email.svg" %}
+        </span> Subscribe to the <strong>FastAPI and friends</strong> newsletter 🎉
+      </a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="item">
+      <iframe style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border: none; margin-right: 0.5rem;" src="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo/button" title="Sponsor tiangolo" height="35" width="116" style="border: 0;"></iframe> <a class="announce-link" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo">You can now sponsor <strong>FastAPI</strong> 🍰</a>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <div id="announce-right" style="position: relative;">
+    <div class="item">
+      <a title="The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas" style="display: block; position: relative;" href="https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi">
+        <span class="sponsor-badge">sponsor</span>
+        <img style="display: block;" src="/img/sponsors/deta-banner.svg" />
+      </a>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+{% endblock %}

docs/es/docs/async.md

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ Pero también puedes aprovechar los beneficios del paralelismo y el multiprocesa
 
 Eso, más el simple hecho de que Python es el lenguaje principal para **Data Science**, Machine Learning y especialmente Deep Learning, hacen de FastAPI una muy buena combinación para las API y aplicaciones web de Data Science / Machine Learning (entre muchas otras).
 
-Para ver cómo lograr este paralelismo en producción, consulta la sección sobre [Despliegue](deployment.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+Para ver cómo lograr este paralelismo en producción, consulta la sección sobre [Despliegue](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
 
 ## `async` y `await`
 
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ Esta misma sintaxis (o casi idéntica) también se incluyó recientemente en las
 
 Pero antes de eso, manejar código asíncrono era bastante más complejo y difícil.
 
-En versiones anteriores de Python, podrías haber utilizado <abbr title="En español: hilos.">threads</abbr> o <a href="http://www.gevent.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gevent</a>. Pero el código es mucho más complejo de entender, depurar y desarrollar.
+En versiones anteriores de Python, podrías haber utilizado <abbr title="En español: hilos.">threads</abbr> o <a href="https://www.gevent.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gevent</a>. Pero el código es mucho más complejo de entender, depurar y desarrollar.
 
 En versiones anteriores de NodeJS / Browser JavaScript, habrías utilizado "callbacks". Lo que conduce a <a href="http://callbackhell.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">callback hell</a>.
 

docs/es/docs/features.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 ### Basado en estándares abiertos
 
 * <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> para la creación de APIs, incluyendo declaraciones de  <abbr title="en español: ruta. En inglés también conocido cómo: endpoints, routes">path</abbr> <abbr title="también conocido como HTTP methods, cómo POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">operations</abbr>, parámetros, <abbr title="cuerpo del mensaje HTTP">body</abbr> requests, seguridad, etc.
-* Documentación automática del modelo de datos con <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (dado que OpenAPI mismo está basado en JSON Schema).
+* Documentación automática del modelo de datos con <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (dado que OpenAPI mismo está basado en JSON Schema).
 * Diseñado alrededor de estos estándares después de un estudio meticuloso. En vez de ser una capa añadida a último momento.
 * Esto también permite la **generación automática de código de cliente** para muchos lenguajes.
 

docs/es/docs/index.md

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
 </a>
-<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
-</a>
 </p>
 
 ---
@@ -38,10 +35,24 @@ Sus características principales son:
 * **Fácil**: Está diseñado para ser fácil de usar y aprender. Gastando menos tiempo leyendo documentación.
 * **Corto**: Minimiza la duplicación de código. Múltiples funcionalidades con cada declaración de parámetros. Menos errores.
 * **Robusto**: Crea código listo para producción con documentación automática interactiva.
-* **Basado en estándares**: Basado y totalmente compatible con los estándares abiertos para APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (conocido previamente como Swagger) y <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+* **Basado en estándares**: Basado y totalmente compatible con los estándares abiertos para APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (conocido previamente como Swagger) y <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
 
 <small>* Esta estimación está basada en pruebas con un equipo de desarrollo interno contruyendo aplicaciones listas para producción.</small>
 
+## Gold Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Otros sponsors</a>
+
 ## Opiniones
 
 "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
@@ -70,7 +81,7 @@ Sus características principales son:
 
 "_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
 
-<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
 
 ---
 
@@ -111,12 +122,12 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-También vas a necesitar un servidor ASGI para producción cómo <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> o <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+También vas a necesitar un servidor ASGI para producción cómo <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> o <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install uvicorn
+$ pip install uvicorn[standard]
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
@@ -424,9 +435,9 @@ Usadas por Pydantic:
 
 Usados por Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar `FileResponse` o `StaticFiles`.
-* <a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Requerido si quieres dar soporte a  <abbr title="convertir el string que viene de un HTTP request a datos de Python">"parsing"</abbr> de formularios, con `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Requerido para dar soporte a `SessionMiddleware`.
 * <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Requerido para dar soporte al `SchemaGenerator` de Starlette (probablemente no lo necesites con FastAPI).
@@ -435,7 +446,7 @@ Usados por Starlette:
 
 Usado por FastAPI / Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - para el servidor que carga y sirve tu aplicación.
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - para el servidor que carga y sirve tu aplicación.
 * <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Requerido si quieres usar `ORJSONResponse`.
 
 Puedes instalarlos con `pip install fastapi[all]`.

docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all]
     También debes instalar `uvicorn` para que funcione como tu servidor:
 
     ```
-    pip install uvicorn
+    pip install uvicorn[standard]
     ```
 
     Y lo mismo para cada una de las dependencias opcionales que quieras utilizar.
@@ -75,6 +75,6 @@ También hay una **Guía Avanzada de Usuario** que puedes leer luego de este **T
 
 La **Guía Avanzada de Usuario**, se basa en este tutorial, utiliza los mismos conceptos y enseña algunas características adicionales.
 
-Pero primero deberías leer el **Tutorial - Guía de Gsuario** (lo que estas leyendo ahora mismo).
+Pero primero deberías leer el **Tutorial - Guía de Usuario** (lo que estas leyendo ahora mismo).
 
 La guía esa diseñada para que puedas crear una aplicación completa con solo el **Tutorial - Guía de Usuario**, y luego extenderlo de diferentes maneras, según tus necesidades, utilizando algunas de las ideas adicionales de la **Guía Avanzada de Usuario**.

docs/es/mkdocs.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,23 @@ site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to co
 site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/es/
 theme:
   name: material
+  custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-    scheme: preference
+  - scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb-outline
+      name: Switch to light mode
+  - scheme: slate
+    primary: teal
+    accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb
+      name: Switch to dark mode
+  features:
+  - search.suggest
+  - search.highlight
   icon:
     repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
   logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg
@@ -28,10 +41,13 @@ nav:
   - en: /
   - es: /es/
   - fr: /fr/
-  - ja: /ja/
   - it: /it/
+  - ja: /ja/
+  - ko: /ko/
+  - pl: /pl/
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
+  - sq: /sq/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -61,7 +77,9 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
-    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/typer
+    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord
+    link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter
     link: https://twitter.com/tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin
@@ -72,6 +90,33 @@ extra:
     link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe
     link: https://tiangolo.com
+  alternate:
+  - link: /
+    name: en - English
+  - link: /es/
+    name: es - español
+  - link: /fr/
+    name: fr - français
+  - link: /it/
+    name: it - italiano
+  - link: /ja/
+    name: ja - 日本語
+  - link: /ko/
+    name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /pl/
+    name: pl
+  - link: /pt/
+    name: pt - português
+  - link: /ru/
+    name: ru - русский язык
+  - link: /sq/
+    name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /tr/
+    name: tr - Türkçe
+  - link: /uk/
+    name: uk - українська мова
+  - link: /zh/
+    name: zh - 汉语
 extra_css:
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css
@@ -79,5 +124,3 @@ extra_javascript:
 - https://unpkg.com/mermaid@8.4.6/dist/mermaid.min.js
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js
-- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/chat.js
-- https://sidecar.gitter.im/dist/sidecar.v1.js

docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# La communauté FastAPI
+
+FastAPI a une communauté extraordinaire qui accueille des personnes de tous horizons.
+
+## Créateur - Mainteneur
+
+Salut! 👋
+
+C'est moi :
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.maintainers %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Réponses: {{ user.answers }}</div><div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.prs }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+Je suis le créateur et le responsable de **FastAPI**. Vous pouvez en lire plus à ce sujet dans [Aide FastAPI - Obtenir de l'aide - Se rapprocher de l'auteur](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+...Mais ici, je veux vous montrer la communauté.
+
+---
+
+**FastAPI** reçoit beaucoup de soutien de la part de la communauté. Et je tiens à souligner leurs contributions.
+
+Ce sont ces personnes qui :
+
+* [Aident les autres à résoudre des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* [Créent des Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* Review les Pull Requests, [particulièrement important pour les traductions](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+Une salve d'applaudissements pour eux. 👏 🙇
+
+## Utilisateurs les plus actifs le mois dernier
+
+Ce sont les utilisateurs qui ont [aidé le plus les autres avec des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} au cours du dernier mois. ☕
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.last_month_active %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions répondues: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Experts
+
+Voici les **Experts FastAPI**. 🤓
+
+Ce sont les utilisateurs qui ont [aidé le plus les autres avec des problèmes (questions) dans GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} depuis *toujours*.
+
+Ils ont prouvé qu'ils étaient des experts en aidant beaucoup d'autres personnes. ✨
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.experts %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Questions répondues: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Principaux contributeurs
+
+Ces utilisateurs sont les **Principaux contributeurs**. 👷
+
+Ces utilisateurs ont [créé le plus grand nombre de demandes Pull Request](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} qui ont été *merged*.
+
+Ils ont contribué au code source, à la documentation, aux traductions, etc. 📦
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.top_contributors %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Pull Requests: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+Il existe de nombreux autres contributeurs (plus d'une centaine), vous pouvez les voir tous dans la <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/graphs/contributors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Page des contributeurs de FastAPI GitHub</a>. 👷
+
+## Principaux Reviewers
+
+Ces utilisateurs sont les **Principaux Reviewers**. 🕵️
+
+### Reviewers des traductions
+
+Je ne parle que quelques langues (et pas très bien 😅). Ainsi, les reviewers sont ceux qui ont le [**pouvoir d'approuver les traductions**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} de la documentation. Sans eux, il n'y aurait pas de documentation dans plusieurs autres langues.
+
+---
+
+Les **Principaux Reviewers** 🕵️ ont examiné le plus grand nombre de demandes Pull Request des autres, assurant la qualité du code, de la documentation, et surtout, des **traductions**.
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.top_reviewers %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a> <div class="count">Reviews: {{ user.count }}</div></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## Sponsors
+
+Ce sont les **Sponsors**. 😎
+
+Ils soutiennent mon travail avec **FastAPI** (et d'autres) avec <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub Sponsors</a>.
+
+{% if people %}
+<div class="user-list user-list-center">
+{% for user in people.sponsors %}
+
+<div class="user"><a href="{{ user.url }}" target="_blank"><div class="avatar-wrapper"><img src="{{ user.avatarUrl }}"/></div><div class="title">@{{ user.login }}</div></a></div>
+{% endfor %}
+
+</div>
+{% endif %}
+
+## À propos des données - détails techniques
+
+L'intention de cette page est de souligner l'effort de la communauté pour aider les autres.
+
+Notamment en incluant des efforts qui sont normalement moins visibles, et, dans de nombreux cas, plus difficile, comme aider d'autres personnes à résoudre des problèmes et examiner les Pull Requests de traduction.
+
+Les données sont calculées chaque mois, vous pouvez lire le <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/blob/master/.github/actions/people/app/main.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">code source ici</a>.
+
+Je me réserve également le droit de mettre à jour l'algorithme, les sections, les seuils, etc. (juste au cas où 🤷).

docs/fr/docs/features.md

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# Fonctionnalités
+
+## Fonctionnalités de FastAPI
+
+**FastAPI** vous offre ceci:
+
+### Basé sur des standards ouverts
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>OpenAPI</strong></a> pour la création d'API, incluant la déclaration de <abbr title="en français: routes. Aussi connu sous le nom anglais endpoints ou routes">path</abbr> <abbr title="Aussi connu sous le nom de méthodes HTTP. À savoir POST, GET, PUT, DELETE">operations</abbr>, paramètres, corps de requêtes, sécurité, etc.
+* Documentation automatique des modèles de données avec <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>JSON Schema</strong></a> (comme OpenAPI est aussi basée sur JSON Schema).
+* Conçue avec ces standards après une analyse méticuleuse. Plutôt qu'en rajoutant des surcouches après coup.
+* Cela permet d'utiliser de la **génération automatique de code client** dans beaucoup de langages.
+
+### Documentation automatique
+
+Documentation d'API interactive et interface web d'exploration. Comme le framework est basé sur OpenAPI, de nombreuses options sont disponibles. Deux d'entre-elles sont incluses par défaut.
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>Swagger UI</strong></a>, propose une documentation interactive. Vous permet de directement tester l'API depuis votre navigateur.
+
+![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png)
+
+* Une autre documentation d'API est fournie par <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>ReDoc</strong></a>.
+
+![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)
+
+### Faite en python moderne
+
+Tout est basé sur la déclaration de type standard de **Python 3.6** (grâce à Pydantic). Pas de nouvelles syntaxes à apprendre. Juste du Python standard et moderne.
+
+Si vous souhaitez un rappel de 2 minutes sur l'utilisation des types en Python (même si vous ne comptez pas utiliser FastAPI), jetez un oeil au tutoriel suivant: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. 
+
+Vous écrivez du python standard avec des annotations de types:
+
+```Python
+from typing import List, Dict
+from datetime import date
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+# Déclare une variable comme étant une str
+# et profitez de l'aide de votre IDE dans cette fonction
+def main(user_id: str):
+    return user_id
+
+
+# Un modèle Pydantic
+class User(BaseModel):
+    id: int
+    name: str
+    joined: date
+```
+Qui peuvent ensuite être utilisés comme cela:
+
+```Python
+my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19")
+
+second_user_data = {
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Mary",
+    "joined": "2018-11-30",
+}
+
+my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data)
+```
+
+!!! info
+    `**second_user_data` signifie:
+
+    Utilise les clés et valeurs du dictionnaire `second_user_data` directement comme des arguments clé-valeur. C'est équivalent à: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")`
+
+### Support d'éditeurs
+
+Tout le framework a été conçu pour être facile et intuitif d'utilisation, toutes les décisions de design ont été testées sur de nombreux éditeurs avant même de commencer le développement final afin d'assurer la meilleure expérience de développement possible.
+
+Dans le dernier sondage effectué auprès de développeurs python il était clair que <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2017/#tools-and-features" class="external-link" target="_blank">la fonctionnalité la plus utilisée est "l'autocomplètion"</a>.
+
+Tout le framwork **FastAPI** a été conçu avec cela en tête. L'autocomplétion fonctionne partout.
+
+Vous devrez rarement revenir à la documentation.
+
+Voici comment votre éditeur peut vous aider:
+
+* dans <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Visual Studio Code</a>:
+
+![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)
+
+* dans <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a>:
+
+![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png)
+
+Vous aurez des propositions de complétion que vous n'auriez jamais imaginées. Par exemple la clé `prix` dans le corps d'un document JSON (qui est peut-être imbriqué) venant d'une requête.
+
+Plus jamais vous ne vous tromperez en tapant le nom d'une clé, vous ne ferez des aller-retour entre votre code et la documentation ou vous ne scrollerez de haut en bas afin d'enfin savoir si vous devez taper `username` ou `user_name`.
+
+### Court
+
+Des **valeurs par défaut** sont définies pour tout, des configurations optionnelles sont présentent partout. Tous ces paramètres peuvent être ajustés afin de faire ce que vous voulez et définir l'API dont vous avez besoin.
+
+Mais, **tout fonctionne** par défaut.
+
+### Validation
+
+* Validation pour la plupart (ou tous?) les **types de données** Python incluant:
+    * objets JSON (`dict`).
+    * listes JSON (`list`) définissant des types d'éléments.
+    * Champs String (`str`), définition de longueur minimum ou maximale.
+    * Nombres (`int`, `float`) avec valeur minimale and maximale, etc.
+
+* Validation pour des types plus exotiques, tel que:
+    * URL.
+    * Email.
+    * UUID.
+    * ...et autres.
+
+Toutes les validations sont gérées par le bien établi et robuste **Pydantic**.
+
+### Sécurité et authentification
+
+La sécurité et l'authentification sont intégrées. Sans aucun compromis avec les bases de données ou les modèles de données.
+
+Tous les protocoles de sécurités sont définis dans OpenAPI, incluant:
+
+* HTTP Basic.
+* **OAuth2** (aussi avec **JWT tokens**). Jetez un oeil au tutoriel [OAuth2 avec JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+* Clés d'API dans:
+    * Le header.
+    * Les paramètres de requêtes.
+    * Les cookies, etc.
+
+Plus toutes les fonctionnalités de sécurités venant de Starlette (incluant les **cookies de sessions**).
+
+Le tout conçu en composant réutilisable facilement intégrable à vos systèmes, data stores, base de données relationnelle ou NoSQL, etc.
+
+### Injection de dépendances
+
+FastAPI contient un système simple mais extrêmement puissant d'<abbr title='aussi connus sous le nom de "composants", "ressources", "services", "providers"'><strong>Injection de Dépendances</strong></abbr>.
+
+* Même les dépendances peuvent avoir des dépendances, créant une hiérarchie ou un **"graph" de dépendances**
+* Tout est **automatiquement géré** par le framework
+* Toutes les dépendances peuvent éxiger des données d'une requêtes et **Augmenter les contraintes d'un path operation** et de la documentation automatique.
+* **Validation automatique** même pour les paramètres de *path operation* définis dans les dépendances.
+* Supporte les systèmes d'authentification d'utilisateurs complexes, les **connexions de base de données**, etc.
+* **Aucun compromis** avec les bases de données, les frontends, etc. Mais une intégration facile avec n'importe lequel d'entre eux.
+
+### "Plug-ins" illimités
+
+Ou, en d'autres termes, pas besoin d'eux, importez le code que vous voulez et utilisez le.
+
+Tout intégration est conçue pour être si simple à utiliser (avec des dépendances) que vous pouvez créer un "plug-in" pour votre application en deux lignes de code utilisant la même syntaxe que celle de vos *path operations*
+
+### Testé
+
+* 100% <abbr title="La quantité de code qui est testé automatiquement">de couverture de test</abbr>.
+* 100% <abbr title="Annotation de types Python, avec cela votre éditeur et autres outils externes peuvent vous fournir un meilleur support">d'annotations de type</abbr> dans le code.
+* Utilisé dans des applications mises en production.
+
+## Fonctionnalités de Starlette
+
+**FastAPI** est complètement compatible (et basé sur) <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>Starlette</strong></a>. Le code utilisant Starlette que vous ajouterez fonctionnera donc aussi.
+
+En fait, `FastAPI` est un sous compposant de `Starlette`. Donc, si vous savez déjà comment utiliser Starlette, la plupart des fonctionnalités fonctionneront de la même manière.
+
+Avec **FastAPI** vous aurez toutes les fonctionnalités de **Starlette** (FastAPI est juste Starlette sous stéroïdes):
+
+* Des performances vraiments impressionnantes. C'est l'<a href="https://github.com/encode/starlette#performance" class="external-link" target="_blank">un des framework Python les plus rapide, à égalité avec **NodeJS** et **GO**</a>.
+* Le support des **WebSockets**.
+* Le support de **GraphQL**.
+* Les <abbr title="En anglais: In-process background tasks">tâches d'arrière-plan.</abbr>
+* Des évènements de démarrages et d'arrêt.
+* Un client de test basé sur `request`
+* **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
+* Le support des **Sessions et Cookies**.
+* Une couverture de test à 100 %.
+* 100 % de la base de code avec des annotations de type.
+
+## Fonctionnalités de Pydantic
+
+**FastAPI** est totalement compatible avec (et basé sur) <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io" class="external-link" target="_blank"><strong>Pydantic</strong></a>. Le code utilisant Pydantic que vous ajouterez fonctionnera donc aussi.
+
+Inclus des librairies externes basées, aussi, sur Pydantic, servent d'<abbr title="Object-Relational Mapper">ORM</abbr>s, <abbr title="Object-Document Mapper">ODM</abbr>s pour les bases de données.
+
+Cela signifie aussi que, dans la plupart des cas, vous pouvez fournir l'objet reçu d'une requête **directement à la base de données**, comme tout est validé automatiquement.
+
+Inversément, dans la plupart des cas vous pourrez juste envoyer l'objet récupéré de la base de données **directement au client**
+
+Avec **FastAPI** vous aurez toutes les fonctionnalités de **Pydantic**  (comme FastAPI est basé sur Pydantic pour toutes les manipulations de données):
+
+* **Pas de prise de tête**:
+    * Pas de nouveau langage de définition de schéma à apprendre.
+    * Si vous connaissez le typage en python vous savez comment utiliser Pydantic.
+* Aide votre **<abbr title="Integrated Development Environment, il s'agit de votre éditeur de code">IDE</abbr>/<abbr title="Programme qui analyse le code à la recherche d'erreurs">linter</abbr>/cerveau**:
+    * Parce que les structures de données de pydantic consistent seulement en une instance de classe que vous définissez; l'auto-complétion, le linting, mypy et votre intuition devrait être largement suffisante pour valider vos données.
+* **Rapide**:
+    * Dans les <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/#benchmarks-tag" class="external-link" target="_blank">benchmarks</a> Pydantic est plus rapide que toutes les autres librairies testées.
+* Valide les **structures complexes**:
+    * Utilise les modèles hiérarchique de Pydantic, le `typage` Python pour les `Lists`, `Dict`, etc.
+    * Et les validateurs permettent aux schémas de données complexes d'être clairement et facilement définis, validés et documentés sous forme d'un schéma JSON.
+    * Vous pouvez avoir des objets **JSON fortements imbriqués** tout en ayant, pour chacun, de la validation et des annotations.
+* **Renouvelable**:
+    * Pydantic permet de définir de nouveaux types de données ou vous pouvez étendre la validation avec des méthodes sur un modèle décoré avec le<abbr title="en anglais: validator decorator"> décorateur de validation</abbr>
+* 100% de couverture de test.

docs/fr/docs/index.md

@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/fastapi?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
 </a>
-<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
-</a>
 </p>
 
 ---
@@ -43,10 +40,24 @@ The key features are:
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
 * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
-* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
 
 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
 
+## Gold Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
+
 ## Opinions
 
 "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
@@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ The key features are:
 
 "_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
 
-<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
 
 ---
 
@@ -116,12 +127,12 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install uvicorn
+$ pip install uvicorn[standard]
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
@@ -432,9 +443,9 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
-* <a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
 * <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
@@ -443,7 +454,7 @@ Used by Starlette:
 
 Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
 * <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
 
 You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.

docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Tâches d'arrière-plan
+
+Vous pouvez définir des tâches d'arrière-plan qui seront exécutées après avoir retourné une réponse.
+
+Ceci est utile pour les opérations qui doivent avoir lieu après une requête, mais où le client n'a pas réellement besoin d'attendre que l'opération soit terminée pour recevoir une réponse.
+
+Cela comprend, par exemple :
+
+* Les notifications par email envoyées après l'exécution d'une action :
+    * Étant donné que se connecter à un serveur et envoyer un email a tendance à être «lent» (plusieurs secondes), vous pouvez retourner la réponse directement et envoyer la notification en arrière-plan.
+* Traiter des données :
+    * Par exemple, si vous recevez un fichier qui doit passer par un traitement lent, vous pouvez retourner une réponse «Accepted» (HTTP 202) puis faire le traitement en arrière-plan. 
+
+
+## Utiliser `BackgroundTasks`
+
+Pour commencer, importez `BackgroundTasks` et définissez un paramètre dans votre *fonction de chemin* avec `BackgroundTasks` comme type déclaré.
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  13"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+**FastAPI** créera l'objet de type `BackgroundTasks` pour vous et le passera comme paramètre.
+
+## Créer une fonction de tâche
+
+Une fonction à exécuter comme tâche d'arrière-plan est juste une fonction standard qui peut recevoir des paramètres.
+
+Elle peut être une fonction asynchrone (`async def`) ou une fonction normale (`def`), **FastAPI** saura la gérer correctement.
+
+Dans cet exemple, la fonction de tâche écrira dans un fichier (afin de simuler un envoi d'email).
+
+L'opération d'écriture n'utilisant ni `async` ni `await`, on définit la fonction avec un `def` normal.
+
+```Python hl_lines="6-9"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Ajouter une tâche d'arrière-plan
+
+Dans votre *fonction de chemin*, passez votre fonction de tâche à l'objet de type `BackgroundTasks` (`background_tasks` ici) grâce à la méthode `.add_task()` :
+
+
+```Python hl_lines="14"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+`.add_task()` reçoit comme arguments :
+
+* Une fonction de tâche à exécuter en arrière-plan (`write_notification`).
+* Les arguments positionnels à passer à la fonction de tâche dans l'ordre (`email`).
+* Les arguments nommés à passer à la fonction de tâche (`message="some notification"`).
+
+## Injection de dépendances
+
+Utiliser `BackgroundTasks` fonctionne aussi avec le système d'injection de dépendances. Vous pouvez déclarer un paramètre de type `BackgroundTasks` à différents niveaux : dans une *fonction de chemin*, dans une dépendance, dans une sous-dépendance...
+
+**FastAPI** sait quoi faire dans chaque cas et comment réutiliser le même objet, afin que tous les paramètres de type `BackgroundTasks` soient fusionnés et que les tâches soient exécutées en arrière-plan :
+
+```Python hl_lines="13  15  22  25"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+Dans cet exemple, les messages seront écrits dans le fichier `log.txt` après que la réponse soit envoyée.
+
+S'il y avait une `query` (paramètre nommé `q`) dans la requête, alors elle sera écrite dans `log.txt` via une tâche d'arrière-plan.
+
+Et ensuite une autre tâche d'arrière-plan (générée dans les paramètres de la *la fonction de chemin*) écrira un message dans `log.txt` comprenant le paramètre de chemin `email`.
+
+## Détails techniques
+
+La classe `BackgroundTasks` provient directement de <a href="https://www.starlette.io/background/" class="external-link" target="_blank">`starlette.background`</a>.
+
+Elle est importée/incluse directement dans **FastAPI** pour que vous puissiez l'importer depuis `fastapi` et éviter d'importer accidentellement `BackgroundTask` (sans `s` à la fin) depuis `starlette.background`.
+
+En utilisant seulement `BackgroundTasks` (et non `BackgroundTask`), il est possible de l'utiliser en tant que paramètre de *fonction de chemin* et de laisser **FastAPI** gérer le reste pour vous, comme en utilisant l'objet `Request` directement. 
+
+Il est tout de même possible d'utiliser `BackgroundTask` seul dans **FastAPI**, mais dans ce cas il faut créer l'objet dans le code et renvoyer une `Response` Starlette l'incluant.
+
+Plus de détails sont disponibles dans <a href="https://www.starlette.io/background/" class="external-link" target="_blank">la documentation officielle de Starlette sur les tâches d'arrière-plan</a> (via leurs classes `BackgroundTasks`et `BackgroundTask`).
+
+## Avertissement
+
+Si vous avez besoin de réaliser des traitements lourds en tâche d'arrière-plan et que vous n'avez pas besoin que ces traitements aient lieu dans le même process (par exemple, pas besoin de partager la mémoire, les variables, etc.), il peut s'avérer profitable d'utiliser des outils plus importants tels que <a href="https://docs.celeryproject.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Celery</a>.
+
+Ces outils nécessitent généralement des configurations plus complexes ainsi qu'un gestionnaire de queue de message, comme RabbitMQ ou Redis, mais ils permettent d'exécuter des tâches d'arrière-plan dans différents process, et potentiellement, sur plusieurs serveurs.
+
+Pour voir un exemple, allez voir les [Générateurs de projets](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, ils incluent tous Celery déjà configuré.
+
+Mais si vous avez besoin d'accéder aux variables et objets de la même application **FastAPI**, ou si vous avez besoin d'effectuer de petites tâches d'arrière-plan (comme envoyer des notifications par email), vous pouvez simplement vous contenter d'utiliser `BackgroundTasks`.
+
+## Résumé
+
+Importez et utilisez `BackgroundTasks` grâce aux paramètres de *fonction de chemin* et les dépendances pour ajouter des tâches d'arrière-plan.

docs/fr/mkdocs.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,23 @@ site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to co
 site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fr/
 theme:
   name: material
+  custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-    scheme: preference
+  - scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb-outline
+      name: Switch to light mode
+  - scheme: slate
+    primary: teal
+    accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb
+      name: Switch to dark mode
+  features:
+  - search.suggest
+  - search.highlight
   icon:
     repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
   logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg
@@ -29,10 +42,19 @@ nav:
   - es: /es/
   - fr: /fr/
   - it: /it/
+  - ja: /ja/
+  - ko: /ko/
+  - pl: /pl/
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
+  - sq: /sq/
+  - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
+- features.md
+- fastapi-people.md
+- Tutoriel - Guide utilisateur:
+  - tutorial/background-tasks.md
 markdown_extensions:
 - toc:
     permalink: true
@@ -52,7 +74,9 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
-    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/typer
+    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord
+    link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter
     link: https://twitter.com/tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin
@@ -63,6 +87,33 @@ extra:
     link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe
     link: https://tiangolo.com
+  alternate:
+  - link: /
+    name: en - English
+  - link: /es/
+    name: es - español
+  - link: /fr/
+    name: fr - français
+  - link: /it/
+    name: it - italiano
+  - link: /ja/
+    name: ja - 日本語
+  - link: /ko/
+    name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /pl/
+    name: pl
+  - link: /pt/
+    name: pt - português
+  - link: /ru/
+    name: ru - русский язык
+  - link: /sq/
+    name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /tr/
+    name: tr - Türkçe
+  - link: /uk/
+    name: uk - українська мова
+  - link: /zh/
+    name: zh - 汉语
 extra_css:
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css
@@ -70,5 +121,3 @@ extra_javascript:
 - https://unpkg.com/mermaid@8.4.6/dist/mermaid.min.js
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js
-- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/chat.js
-- https://sidecar.gitter.im/dist/sidecar.v1.js

docs/it/docs/index.md

@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@
 <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fastapi" target="_blank">
     <img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/fastapi.svg" alt="Package version">
 </a>
-<a href="https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://badges.gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi.svg" alt="Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi">
-</a>
 </p>
 
 ---
@@ -43,10 +40,24 @@ The key features are:
 * **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
 * **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.
 * **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation.
-* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="http://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
+* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a> (previously known as Swagger) and <a href="https://json-schema.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">JSON Schema</a>.
 
 <small>* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications.</small>
 
+## Gold Sponsors
+
+<!-- sponsors -->
+
+{% if sponsors %}
+{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%}
+<a href="{{ sponsor.url }}" target="_blank" title="{{ sponsor.title }}"><img src="{{ sponsor.img }}"></a>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<!-- /sponsors -->
+
+<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#sponsors" class="external-link" target="_blank">Other sponsors</a>
+
 ## Opinions
 
 "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"
@@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ The key features are:
 
 "_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._"
 
-<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="http://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
+<div style="text-align: right; margin-right: 10%;">Timothy Crosley - <strong><a href="https://www.hug.rest/" target="_blank">Hug</a> creator</strong> <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19455465" target="_blank"><small>(ref)</small></a></div>
 
 ---
 
@@ -116,12 +127,12 @@ $ pip install fastapi
 
 </div>
 
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
+You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a> or <a href="https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hypercorn</a>.
 
 <div class="termy">
 
 ```console
-$ pip install uvicorn
+$ pip install uvicorn[standard]
 
 ---> 100%
 ```
@@ -429,9 +440,9 @@ Used by Pydantic:
 
 Used by Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
+* <a href="https://requests.readthedocs.io" target="_blank"><code>requests</code></a> - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
 * <a href="https://github.com/Tinche/aiofiles" target="_blank"><code>aiofiles</code></a> - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
-* <a href="http://jinja.pocoo.org" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
+* <a href="https://jinja.palletsprojects.com" target="_blank"><code>jinja2</code></a> - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
 * <a href="https://andrew-d.github.io/python-multipart/" target="_blank"><code>python-multipart</code></a> - Required if you want to support form <abbr title="converting the string that comes from an HTTP request into Python data">"parsing"</abbr>, with `request.form()`.
 * <a href="https://pythonhosted.org/itsdangerous/" target="_blank"><code>itsdangerous</code></a> - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
 * <a href="https://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation" target="_blank"><code>pyyaml</code></a> - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI).
@@ -440,7 +451,7 @@ Used by Starlette:
 
 Used by FastAPI / Starlette:
 
-* <a href="http://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
+* <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org" target="_blank"><code>uvicorn</code></a> - for the server that loads and serves your application.
 * <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" target="_blank"><code>orjson</code></a> - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`.
 
 You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.

docs/it/mkdocs.yml

@@ -3,10 +3,23 @@ site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to co
 site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/it/
 theme:
   name: material
+  custom_dir: overrides
   palette:
-    scheme: preference
+  - scheme: default
     primary: teal
     accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb-outline
+      name: Switch to light mode
+  - scheme: slate
+    primary: teal
+    accent: amber
+    toggle:
+      icon: material/lightbulb
+      name: Switch to dark mode
+  features:
+  - search.suggest
+  - search.highlight
   icon:
     repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
   logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg
@@ -29,8 +42,12 @@ nav:
   - es: /es/
   - fr: /fr/
   - it: /it/
+  - ja: /ja/
+  - ko: /ko/
+  - pl: /pl/
   - pt: /pt/
   - ru: /ru/
+  - sq: /sq/
   - tr: /tr/
   - uk: /uk/
   - zh: /zh/
@@ -53,7 +70,9 @@ markdown_extensions:
 extra:
   social:
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
-    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/typer
+    link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
+  - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord
+    link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter
     link: https://twitter.com/tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin
@@ -64,6 +83,33 @@ extra:
     link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo
   - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe
     link: https://tiangolo.com
+  alternate:
+  - link: /
+    name: en - English
+  - link: /es/
+    name: es - español
+  - link: /fr/
+    name: fr - français
+  - link: /it/
+    name: it - italiano
+  - link: /ja/
+    name: ja - 日本語
+  - link: /ko/
+    name: ko - 한국어
+  - link: /pl/
+    name: pl
+  - link: /pt/
+    name: pt - português
+  - link: /ru/
+    name: ru - русский язык
+  - link: /sq/
+    name: sq - shqip
+  - link: /tr/
+    name: tr - Türkçe
+  - link: /uk/
+    name: uk - українська мова
+  - link: /zh/
+    name: zh - 汉语
 extra_css:
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css
@@ -71,5 +117,3 @@ extra_javascript:
 - https://unpkg.com/mermaid@8.4.6/dist/mermaid.min.js
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js
 - https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js
-- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/chat.js
-- https://sidecar.gitter.im/dist/sidecar.v1.js

docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# 追加のステータスコード
+
+デフォルトでは、 **FastAPI** は `JSONResponse` を使ってレスポンスを返します。その `JSONResponse` の中には、 *path operation* が返した内容が入ります。
+
+それは、デフォルトのステータスコードか、 *path operation* でセットしたものを利用します。
+
+## 追加のステータスコード
+
+メインのステータスコードとは別に、他のステータスコードを返したい場合は、`Response` (`JSONResponse` など) に追加のステータスコードを設定して直接返します。
+
+例えば、itemを更新し、成功した場合は200 "OK"のHTTPステータスコードを返す *path operation* を作りたいとします。
+
+しかし、新しいitemも許可したいです。itemが存在しない場合は、それらを作成して201 "Created"を返します。
+
+これを達成するには、 `JSONResponse` をインポートし、 `status_code` を設定して直接内容を返します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="4  23"
+{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! warning "注意"
+    上記の例のように `Response` を明示的に返す場合、それは直接返されます。
+
+    モデルなどはシリアライズされません。
+
+    必要なデータが含まれていることや、値が有効なJSONであること (`JSONResponse` を使う場合) を確認してください。
+
+!!! note "技術詳細"
+    `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` を利用することもできます。
+
+    **FastAPI** は `fastapi.responses` と同じ `starlette.responses` を、開発者の利便性のために提供しています。しかし有効なレスポンスはほとんどStarletteから来ています。 `status` についても同じです。
+
+## OpenAPIとAPIドキュメント
+
+ステータスコードとレスポンスを直接返す場合、それらはOpenAPIスキーマ (APIドキュメント) には含まれません。なぜなら、FastAPIは何が返されるのか事前に知ることができないからです。
+
+しかし、 [Additional Responses](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank} を使ってコードの中にドキュメントを書くことができます。

docs/ja/docs/advanced/custom-response.md

@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+# カスタムレスポンス - HTML、ストリーム、ファイル、その他のレスポンス
+
+デフォルトでは、**FastAPI** は `JSONResponse` を使ってレスポンスを返します。
+
+[レスポンスを直接返す](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で見たように、 `Response` を直接返すことでこの挙動をオーバーライドできます。
+
+しかし、`Response` を直接返すと、データは自動的に変換されず、ドキュメントも自動生成されません (例えば、生成されるOpenAPIの一部としてHTTPヘッダー `Content-Type` に特定の「メディアタイプ」を含めるなど) 。
+
+しかし、*path operationデコレータ* に、使いたい `Response` を宣言することもできます。
+
+*path operation関数* から返されるコンテンツは、その `Response` に含まれます。
+
+そしてもし、`Response` が、`JSONResponse` や `UJSONResponse` の場合のようにJSONメディアタイプ (`application/json`) ならば、データは *path operationデコレータ* に宣言したPydantic `response_model` により自動的に変換 (もしくはフィルタ) されます。
+
+!!! note "備考"
+    メディアタイプを指定せずにレスポンスクラスを利用すると、FastAPIは何もコンテンツがないことを期待します。そのため、生成されるOpenAPIドキュメントにレスポンスフォーマットが記載されません。
+
+## `ORJSONResponse` を使う
+
+例えば、パフォーマンスを出したい場合は、<a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>をインストールし、`ORJSONResponse`をレスポンスとしてセットすることができます。
+
+使いたい `Response` クラス (サブクラス) をインポートし、 *path operationデコレータ* に宣言します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  7"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!}
+```
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    パラメータ `response_class` は、レスポンスの「メディアタイプ」を定義するために利用することもできます。
+
+    この場合、HTTPヘッダー `Content-Type` には `application/json` がセットされます。
+
+    そして、OpenAPIにはそのようにドキュメントされます。
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    `ORJSONResponse` は、現在はFastAPIのみで利用可能で、Starletteでは利用できません。
+
+## HTMLレスポンス
+
+**FastAPI** からHTMLを直接返す場合は、`HTMLResponse` を使います。
+
+* `HTMLResponse` をインポートする。
+* *path operation* のパラメータ `content_type` に `HTMLResponse` を渡す。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  7"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    パラメータ `response_class` は、レスポンスの「メディアタイプ」を定義するために利用されます。
+
+    この場合、HTTPヘッダー `Content-Type` には `text/html` がセットされます。
+
+    そして、OpenAPIにはそのようにドキュメント化されます。
+
+### `Response` を返す
+
+[レスポンスを直接返す](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で見たように、レスポンスを直接返すことで、*path operation* の中でレスポンスをオーバーライドできます。
+
+上記と同じ例において、 `HTMLResponse` を返すと、このようになります:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  7  19"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+!!! warning "注意"
+    *path operation関数* から直接返される `Response` は、OpenAPIにドキュメントされず (例えば、 `Content-Type` がドキュメントされない) 、自動的な対話的ドキュメントからも閲覧できません。
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    もちろん、実際の `Content-Type` ヘッダーやステータスコードなどは、返された `Response` オブジェクトに由来しています。
+
+### OpenAPIドキュメントと `Response` のオーバーライド
+
+関数の中でレスポンスをオーバーライドしつつも、OpenAPI に「メディアタイプ」をドキュメント化したいなら、 `response_class` パラメータを使い、 `Response` オブジェクトを返します。
+
+`response_class` はOpenAPIの *path operation* ドキュメントにのみ使用されますが、 `Response` はそのまま使用されます。
+
+#### `HTMLResponse` を直接返す
+
+例えば、このようになります:
+
+```Python hl_lines="7  21  23"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+この例では、関数 `generate_html_response()` は、`str` のHTMLを返すのではなく `Response` を生成して返しています。
+
+`generate_html_response()` を呼び出した結果を返すことにより、**FastAPI** の振る舞いを上書きする `Response` が既に返されています。
+
+しかし、一方では `response_class` に `HTMLResponse` を渡しているため、 **FastAPI** はOpenAPIや対話的ドキュメントでHTMLとして `text/html` でドキュメント化する方法を知っています。
+
+<img src="/img/tutorial/custom-response/image01.png">
+
+## 利用可能なレスポンス
+
+以下が利用可能なレスポンスの一部です。
+
+`Response` を使って他の何かを返せますし、カスタムのサブクラスも作れることを覚えておいてください。
+
+!!! note "技術詳細"
+    `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse` も利用できます。
+
+    **FastAPI** は開発者の利便性のために `fastapi.responses` として `starlette.responses` と同じものを提供しています。しかし、利用可能なレスポンスのほとんどはStarletteから直接提供されます。
+
+### `Response`
+
+メインの `Response` クラスで、他の全てのレスポンスはこれを継承しています。
+
+直接返すことができます。
+
+以下のパラメータを受け付けます。
+
+* `content` - `str` か `bytes`。
+* `status_code` - `int` のHTTPステータスコード。
+* `headers` - 文字列の `dict` 。
+* `media_type` - メディアタイプを示す `str` 。例えば `"text/html"` 。
+
+FastAPI (実際にはStarlette) は自動的にContent-Lengthヘッダーを含みます。また、media_typeに基づいたContent-Typeヘッダーを含み、テキストタイプのためにcharsetを追加します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  18"
+{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+### `HTMLResponse`
+
+上で読んだように、テキストやバイトを受け取り、HTMLレスポンスを返します。
+
+### `PlainTextResponse`
+
+テキストやバイトを受け取り、プレーンテキストのレスポンスを返します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  7  9"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005.py!}
+```
+
+### `JSONResponse`
+
+データを受け取り、 `application/json` としてエンコードされたレスポンスを返します。
+
+上で読んだように、**FastAPI** のデフォルトのレスポンスとして利用されます。
+
+### `ORJSONResponse`
+
+上で読んだように、<a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>を使った、高速な代替のJSONレスポンスです。
+
+### `UJSONResponse`
+
+<a href="https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ujson`</a>を使った、代替のJSONレスポンスです。
+
+!!! warning "注意"
+    `ujson` は、いくつかのエッジケースの取り扱いについて、Pythonにビルトインされた実装よりも作りこまれていません。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  7"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    `ORJSONResponse` のほうが高速な代替かもしれません。
+
+### `RedirectResponse`
+
+HTTPリダイレクトを返します。デフォルトでは307ステータスコード (Temporary Redirect) となります。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  9"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006.py!}
+```
+
+### `StreamingResponse`
+
+非同期なジェネレータか通常のジェネレータ・イテレータを受け取り、レスポンスボディをストリームします。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  14"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial007.py!}
+```
+
+#### `StreamingResponse` をファイルライクなオブジェクトとともに使う
+
+ファイルライクなオブジェクト (例えば、 `open()` で返されたオブジェクト) がある場合、 `StreamingResponse` に含めて返すことができます。
+
+これにはクラウドストレージとの連携や映像処理など、多くのライブラリが含まれています。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  10-11"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial008.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    ここでは `async` や `await` をサポートしていない標準の `open()` を使っているので、通常の `def` でpath operationを宣言していることに注意してください。
+
+### `FileResponse`
+
+レスポンスとしてファイルを非同期的にストリームします。
+
+他のレスポンスタイプとは異なる引数のセットを受け取りインスタンス化します。
+
+* `path` - ストリームするファイルのファイルパス。
+* `headers` - 含めたい任意のカスタムヘッダーの辞書。
+* `media_type` - メディアタイプを示す文字列。セットされなかった場合は、ファイル名やパスからメディアタイプが推察されます。
+* `filename` - セットされた場合、レスポンスの `Content-Disposition` に含まれます。
+
+ファイルレスポンスには、適切な `Content-Length` 、 `Last-Modified` 、 `ETag` ヘッダーが含まれます。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  10"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009.py!}
+```
+
+## デフォルトレスポンスクラス
+
+**FastAPI** クラスのインスタンスか `APIRouter` を生成するときに、デフォルトのレスポンスクラスを指定できます。
+
+定義するためのパラメータは、 `default_response_class` です。
+
+以下の例では、 **FastAPI** は、全ての *path operation* で `JSONResponse` の代わりに `ORJSONResponse` をデフォルトとして利用します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  4"
+{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial010.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    前に見たように、 *path operation* の中で `response_class` をオーバーライドできます。
+
+## その他のドキュメント
+
+また、OpenAPIでは `responses` を使ってメディアタイプやその他の詳細を宣言することもできます: [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}

docs/ja/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Path Operationの高度な設定
+
+## OpenAPI operationId
+
+!!! warning "注意"
+    あなたがOpenAPIの「エキスパート」でなければ、これは必要ないかもしれません。
+
+*path operation* で `operation_id` パラメータを利用することで、OpenAPIの `operationId` を設定できます。
+
+`operation_id` は各オペレーションで一意にする必要があります。
+
+```Python hl_lines="6"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+### *path operation関数* の名前をoperationIdとして使用する
+
+APIの関数名を `operationId` として利用したい場合、すべてのAPIの関数をイテレーションし、各 *path operation* の `operationId` を `APIRoute.name` で上書きすれば可能です。
+
+そうする場合は、すべての *path operation* を追加した後に行う必要があります。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2  12-21  24"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    `app.openapi()` を手動でコールする場合、その前に`operationId`を更新する必要があります。
+
+!!! warning "注意"
+    この方法をとる場合、各 *path operation関数* が一意な名前である必要があります。
+
+    それらが異なるモジュール (Pythonファイル) にあるとしてもです。
+
+## OpenAPIから除外する
+
+生成されるOpenAPIスキーマ (つまり、自動ドキュメント生成の仕組み) から *path operation* を除外するには、 `include_in_schema` パラメータを `False` にします。
+
+```Python hl_lines="6"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+## docstringによる説明の高度な設定
+
+*path operation関数* のdocstringからOpenAPIに使用する行を制限することができます。
+
+`\f` (「書式送り (Form Feed)」のエスケープ文字) を付与することで、**FastAPI** はOpenAPIに使用される出力をその箇所までに制限します。
+
+ドキュメントには表示されませんが、他のツール (例えばSphinx) では残りの部分を利用できるでしょう。
+
+```Python hl_lines="19-29"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py!}
+```

docs/ja/docs/advanced/response-directly.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# レスポンスを直接返す
+
+**FastAPI** の *path operation* では、通常は任意のデータを返すことができます: 例えば、 `dict`、`list`、Pydanticモデル、データベースモデルなどです。
+
+デフォルトでは、**FastAPI** は [JSON互換エンコーダ](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} で説明されている `jsonable_encoder` により、返す値を自動的にJSONに変換します。
+
+このとき背後では、JSON互換なデータ (例えば`dict`) を、クライアントへ送信されるレスポンスとして利用される `JSONResponse` の中に含めます。
+
+しかし、*path operation* から `JSONResponse` を直接返すこともできます。
+
+これは例えば、カスタムヘッダーやcookieを返すときに便利です。
+
+## `Response` を返す
+
+実際は、`Response` やそのサブクラスを返すことができます。
+
+!!! tip "豆知識"
+    `JSONResponse` それ自体は、 `Response` のサブクラスです。
+
+`Response` を返した場合は、**FastAPI** は直接それを返します。
+
+それは、Pydanticモデルのデータ変換や、コンテンツを任意の型に変換したりなどはしません。
+
+これは多くの柔軟性を提供します。任意のデータ型を返したり、任意のデータ宣言やバリデーションをオーバーライドできます。
+
+## `jsonable_encoder` を `Response` の中で使う
+
+**FastAPI** はあなたが返す `Response` に対して何も変更を加えないので、コンテンツが準備できていることを保証しなければなりません。
+
+例えば、Pydanticモデルを `JSONResponse` に含めるには、すべてのデータ型 (`datetime` や `UUID` など) をJSON互換の型に変換された `dict` に変換しなければなりません。
+
+このようなケースでは、レスポンスにデータを含める前に `jsonable_encoder` を使ってデータを変換できます。
+
+```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
+{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! note "技術詳細"
+    また、`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` も利用できます。
+
+    **FastAPI** は開発者の利便性のために `fastapi.responses` という `starlette.responses` と同じものを提供しています。しかし、利用可能なレスポンスのほとんどはStarletteから直接提供されます。
+
+## カスタム `Response` を返す
+
+上記の例では必要な部分を全て示していますが、あまり便利ではありません。`item` を直接返すことができるし、**FastAPI** はそれを `dict` に変換して `JSONResponse`　に含めてくれるなど。すべて、デフォルトの動作です。
+
+では、これを使ってカスタムレスポンスをどう返すか見てみましょう。
+
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" class="external-link" target="_blank">XML</a>レスポンスを返したいとしましょう。
+
+XMLを文字列にし、`Response` に含め、それを返します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="1  18"
+{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+## 備考
+
+`Response` を直接返す場合、バリデーションや、変換 (シリアライズ) や、自動ドキュメントは行われません。
+
+しかし、[Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}に記載されたようにドキュメントを書くこともできます。
+
+後のセクションで、カスタム `Response` を使用・宣言しながら、自動的なデータ変換やドキュメンテーションを行う方法を説明します。

docs/ja/docs/alternatives.md

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+# 代替ツールから受けたインスピレーションと比較
+
+何が**FastAPI**にインスピレーションを与えたのか、他の代替ツールと比較してどうか、そしてそこから何を学んだのかについて。
+
+## はじめに
+
+**FastAPI**は、代替ツールのこれまでの働きがなければ存在しなかったでしょう。
+
+以前に作られた多くのツールが、作成における刺激として役立ってきました。
+
+私は数年前から新しいフレームワークの作成を避けてきました。まず、**FastAPI**でカバーされているすべての機能を、さまざまなフレームワーク、プラグイン、ツールを使って解決しようとしました。
+
+しかし、その時点では、これらの機能をすべて提供し、以前のツールから優れたアイデアを取り入れ、可能な限り最高の方法でそれらを組み合わせ、それまで利用できなかった言語機能 (Python 3.6以降の型ヒント) を利用したものを作る以外に選択肢はありませんでした。
+
+## 以前のツール
+
+### <a href="https://www.djangoproject.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Django</a>
+
+Pythonのフレームワークの中で最もポピュラーで、広く信頼されています。Instagramのようなシステムの構築に使われています。
+
+リレーショナルデータベース (MySQLやPostgreSQLなど) と比較的強固に結合されているので、NoSQLデータベース (Couchbase、MongoDB、Cassandraなど) をメインに利用することは簡単ではありません。
+
+バックエンドでHTMLを生成するために作られたものであり、現代的なフロントエンド (ReactやVue.js、Angularなど) や、他のシステム (IoTデバイスなど) と通信するAPIを構築するために作られたものではありません。
+
+### <a href="https://www.django-rest-framework.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Django REST Framework</a>
+
+Django REST Frameworkは、Djangoを下敷きにしてWeb APIを構築する柔軟なツールキットとして、APIの機能を向上させるために作られました。
+
+Mozilla、Red Hat、Eventbrite など多くの企業で利用されています。
+
+これは**自動的なAPIドキュメント生成**の最初の例であり、これは**FastAPI**に向けた「調査」を触発した最初のアイデアの一つでした。
+
+!!! note "備考"
+    Django REST Framework は Tom Christie によって作成されました。StarletteとUvicornの生みの親であり、**FastAPI**のベースとなっています。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    自動でAPIドキュメントを生成するWebユーザーインターフェースを持っている点。
+
+### <a href="http://flask.pocoo.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flask</a>
+
+Flask は「マイクロフレームワーク」であり、データベースとの統合のようなDjangoがデフォルトで持つ多くの機能は含まれていません。
+
+このシンプルさと柔軟性により、メインのデータストレージシステムとしてNoSQLデータベースを使用するといったようなことが可能になります。
+
+非常にシンプルなので、ドキュメントはいくつかの点でやや技術的でありますが、比較的直感的に学ぶことができます。
+
+また、データベースやユーザ管理、あるいはDjangoにあらかじめ組み込まれている多くの機能を必ずしも必要としないアプリケーションにもよく使われています。これらの機能の多くはプラグインで追加することができます。
+
+このようにパーツを分離し、必要なものを正確にカバーするために拡張できる「マイクロフレームワーク」であることは、私が残しておきたかった重要な機能でした。
+
+Flaskのシンプルさを考えると、APIを構築するのに適しているように思えました。次に見つけるべきは、Flask 用の「Django REST Framework」でした。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    マイクロフレームワークであること。ツールやパーツを目的に合うように簡単に組み合わせられる点。
+
+    シンプルで簡単なルーティングの仕組みを持っている点。
+
+
+### <a href="http://docs.python-requests.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">Requests</a>
+
+**FastAPI**は実際には**Requests**の代替ではありません。それらのスコープは大きく異なります。
+
+実際にはFastAPIアプリケーションの*内部*でRequestsを使用するのが一般的です。
+
+しかし、FastAPIはRequestsからかなりのインスピレーションを得ています。
+
+**Requests**は (クライアントとして) APIと*通信*するためのライブラリであり、**FastAPI**は (サーバーとして) APIを*構築*するためのライブラリです。
+
+これらは多かれ少なかれ両端にあり、お互いを補完し合っています。
+
+Requestsは非常にシンプルかつ直感的なデザインで使いやすく、適切なデフォルト値を設定しています。しかし同時に、非常に強力でカスタマイズも可能です。
+
+公式サイトで以下のように言われているのは、それが理由です。
+
+> Requestsは今までで最もダウンロードされたPythonパッケージである
+
+使い方はとても簡単です。例えば、`GET`リクエストを実行するには、このように書けば良いです:
+
+```Python
+response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url")
+```
+
+対応するFastAPIのパスオペレーションはこのようになります:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+@app.get("/some/url")
+def read_url():
+    return {"message": "Hello World"}
+```
+
+ `requests.get(...)` と`@app.get(...)` には類似点が見受けられます。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    * シンプルで直感的なAPIを持っている点。
+    * HTTPメソッド名を直接利用し、単純で直感的である。
+    * 適切なデフォルト値を持ちつつ、強力なカスタマイズ性を持っている。
+
+
+### <a href="https://swagger.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger</a> / <a href="https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/" class="external-link" target="_blank">OpenAPI</a>
+
+私がDjango REST Frameworkに求めていた主な機能は、APIの自動的なドキュメント生成でした。
+
+そして、Swaggerと呼ばれる、 JSON (またはYAML、JSONの拡張版) を使ってAPIをドキュメント化するための標準があることを知りました。
+
+そして、Swagger API用のWebユーザーインターフェースが既に作成されていました。つまり、API用のSwaggerドキュメントを生成することができれば、このWebユーザーインターフェースを自動的に使用することができるようになります。
+
+ある時点で、SwaggerはLinux Foundationに寄贈され、OpenAPIに改名されました。
+
+そのため、バージョン2.0では「Swagger」、バージョン3以上では「OpenAPI」と表記するのが一般的です。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    独自のスキーマの代わりに、API仕様のオープンな標準を採用しました。
+
+    そして、標準に基づくユーザーインターフェースツールを統合しています。
+
+    * <a href="https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui" class="external-link" target="_blank">Swagger UI</a>
+    * <a href="https://github.com/Rebilly/ReDoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">ReDoc</a>
+
+    この二つは人気で安定したものとして選択されましたが、少し検索してみると、 (**FastAPI**と同時に使用できる) OpenAPIのための多くの代替となるツールを見つけることができます。
+
+### Flask REST フレームワーク
+
+いくつかのFlask RESTフレームワークがありますが、それらを調査してみたところ、多くのものが不適切な問題が残ったまま、中断されたり放置されていることがわかりました。
+
+### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/3.0/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>
+
+APIシステムで必要とされる主な機能の一つに、コード (Python) からデータを取り出して、ネットワークを介して送れるものに変換するデータの「<abbr title="marshalling, conversion">シリアライゼーション</abbr>」があります。例えば、データベースのデータを含むオブジェクトをJSONオブジェクトに変換したり、`datetime` オブジェクトを文字列に変換するなどです。
+
+APIが必要とするもう一つの大きな機能はデータのバリデーションであり、特定のパラメータが与えられた場合にデータが有効であることを確認することです。例えば、あるフィールドがランダムな文字列ではなく `int` であることなどです。これは特に受信するデータに対して便利です。
+
+データバリデーションの仕組みがなければ、すべてのチェックを手作業でコードに実装しなければなりません。
+
+これらの機能は、Marshmallowが提供するものです。Marshmallowは素晴らしいライブラリで、私も以前に何度も使ったことがあります。
+
+しかし、それはPythonの型ヒントが存在する前に作られたものです。そのため、すべての<abbr title="データがどのように形成されるべきかの定義">スキーマ</abbr>を定義するためには、Marshmallowが提供する特定のユーティリティやクラスを使用する必要があります。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    コードで「スキーマ」を定義し、データの型やバリデーションを自動で提供する点。
+
+### <a href="https://webargs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Webargs</a>
+
+APIに求められる他の大きな機能として、<abbr title="Pythonデータの読み込みと変換">受信したリクエストデータのパース</abbr>があります。
+
+WebargsはFlaskをはじめとするいくつかのフレームワークの上にそれを提供するために作られたツールです。
+
+データのバリデーションを行うために内部ではMarshmallowを使用しており、同じ開発者によって作られました。
+
+素晴らしいツールで、私も**FastAPI**を持つ前はよく使っていました。
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    Webargsは、Marshmallowと同じ開発者により作られました。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    受信したデータに対する自動的なバリデーションを持っている点。
+
+### <a href="https://apispec.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">APISpec</a>
+
+MarshmallowとWebargsはバリデーション、パース、シリアライゼーションをプラグインとして提供しています。
+
+しかし、ドキュメントはまだ不足しています。そこでAPISpecが作られました。
+
+これは多くのフレームワーク用のプラグインです (Starlette用のプラグインもあります) 。
+
+仕組みとしては、各ルーティング関数のdocstringにYAML形式でスキーマの定義を記述します。
+
+そして、OpenAPIスキーマを生成してくれます。
+
+Flask, Starlette, Responderなどにおいてはそのように動作します。
+
+しかし、Pythonの文字列 (大きなYAML) の中に、小さな構文があるという問題があります。
+
+エディタでは、この問題を解決することはできません。また、パラメータやMarshmallowスキーマを変更したときに、YAMLのdocstringを変更するのを忘れてしまうと、生成されたスキーマが古くなってしまいます。
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    APISpecは、Marshmallowと同じ開発者により作成されました。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    OpenAPIという、APIについてのオープンな標準をサポートしている点。
+
+### <a href="https://flask-apispec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Flask-apispec</a>
+
+Webargs、Marshmallow、APISpecを連携させたFlaskプラグインです。
+
+WebargsとMarshmallowの情報から、APISpecを使用してOpenAPIスキーマを自動的に生成します。
+
+これは素晴らしいツールで、非常に過小評価されています。多くの Flask プラグインよりもずっと人気があるべきです。ドキュメントがあまりにも簡潔で抽象的であるからかもしれません。
+
+これにより、PythonのdocstringにYAML (別の構文) を書く必要がなくなりました。
+
+Flask、Flask-apispec、Marshmallow、Webargsの組み合わせは、**FastAPI**を構築するまで私のお気に入りのバックエンドスタックでした。
+
+これを使うことで、いくつかのFlaskフルスタックジェネレータを作成することになりました。これらは私 (といくつかの外部のチーム) が今まで使ってきたメインのスタックです。
+
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase</a>
+* <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb</a> 
+
+そして、これらのフルスタックジェネレーターは、[**FastAPI** Project Generators](project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}の元となっていました。
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    Flask-apispecはMarshmallowと同じ開発者により作成されました。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    シリアライゼーションとバリデーションを定義したコードから、OpenAPIスキーマを自動的に生成する点。
+
+### <a href="https://nestjs.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">NestJS</a> (と<a href="https://angular.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Angular</a>)
+
+NestJSはAngularにインスパイアされたJavaScript (TypeScript) NodeJSフレームワークで、Pythonですらありません。
+
+Flask-apispecでできることと多少似たようなことを実現しています。
+
+Angular 2にインスピレーションを受けた、統合された依存性注入の仕組みを持っています。(私が知っている他の依存性注入の仕組みと同様に) 「injectable」を事前に登録しておく必要があるため、冗長性とコードの繰り返しが発生します。
+
+パラメータはTypeScriptの型で記述されるので (Pythonの型ヒントに似ています) 、エディタのサポートはとても良いです。
+
+しかし、TypeScriptのデータはJavaScriptへのコンパイル後には残されないため、バリデーション、シリアライゼーション、ドキュメント化を同時に定義するのに型に頼ることはできません。そのため、バリデーション、シリアライゼーション、スキーマの自動生成を行うためには、多くの場所でデコレータを追加する必要があり、非常に冗長になります。
+
+入れ子になったモデルをうまく扱えません。そのため、リクエストのJSONボディが内部フィールドを持つJSONオブジェクトで、それが順番にネストされたJSONオブジェクトになっている場合、適切にドキュメント化やバリデーションをすることができません。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    素晴らしいエディターの補助を得るために、Pythonの型ヒントを利用している点。
+
+    強力な依存性注入の仕組みを持ち、コードの繰り返しを最小化する方法を見つけた点。
+
+### <a href="https://sanic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Sanic</a>
+
+`asyncio`に基づいた、Pythonのフレームワークの中でも非常に高速なものの一つです。Flaskと非常に似た作りになっています。
+
+!!! note "技術詳細"
+    Pythonの`asyncio`ループの代わりに、`uvloop`が利用されています。それにより、非常に高速です。
+
+    `Uvicorn`と`Starlette`に明らかなインスピレーションを与えており、それらは現在オープンなベンチマークにおいてSanicより高速です。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    物凄い性能を出す方法を見つけた点。
+
+    **FastAPI**が、(サードパーティのベンチマークによりテストされた) 最も高速なフレームワークであるStarletteに基づいている理由です。
+
+### <a href="https://falconframework.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Falcon</a>
+
+Falconはもう一つの高性能Pythonフレームワークで、ミニマムに設計されており、Hugのような他のフレームワークの基盤として動作します。
+
+Pythonのウェブフレームワーク標準規格 (WSGI) を使用していますが、それは同期的であるためWebSocketなどの利用には対応していません。とはいえ、それでも非常に高い性能を持っています。
+
+これは、「リクエスト」と「レスポンス」の2つのパラメータを受け取る関数を持つように設計されています。そして、リクエストからデータを「読み込み」、レスポンスにデータを「書き込み」ます。この設計のため、Python標準の型ヒントでリクエストのパラメータやボディを関数の引数として宣言することはできません。
+
+そのため、データのバリデーション、シリアライゼーション、ドキュメント化は、自動的にできずコードの中で行わなければなりません。あるいは、HugのようにFalconの上にフレームワークとして実装されなければなりません。このような分断は、パラメータとして1つのリクエストオブジェクトと1つのレスポンスオブジェクトを持つというFalconのデザインにインスピレーションを受けた他のフレームワークでも起こります。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    素晴らしい性能を得るための方法を見つけた点。
+
+    Hug (HugはFalconをベースにしています) と一緒に、**FastAPI**が`response`引数を関数に持つことにインスピレーションを与えました。
+
+    **FastAPI**では任意ですが、ヘッダーやCookieやステータスコードを設定するために利用されています。
+
+### <a href="https://moltenframework.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Molten</a>
+
+**FastAPI**を構築する最初の段階でMoltenを発見しました。そして、それは非常に似たようなアイデアを持っています。
+
+* Pythonの型ヒントに基づいている
+* これらの型から行われるバリデーションとドキュメント化
+* 依存性注入の仕組み
+
+Pydanticのようなデータのバリデーション、シリアライゼーション、ドキュメント化をするサードパーティライブラリを使用せず、独自のものを持っています。そのため、これらのデータ型の定義は簡単には再利用できません。
+
+もう少し冗長な設定が必要になります。また、 (ASGIではなく) WSGIに基づいているので、UvicornやStarletteやSanicのようなツールが提供する高性能を得られるようには設計されていません。
+
+依存性注入の仕組みは依存性の事前登録が必要で、宣言された型に基づいて依存性が解決されます。そのため、特定の型を提供する「コンポーネント」を複数宣言することはできません。
+
+ルーティングは一つの場所で宣言され、他の場所で宣言された関数を使用します (エンドポイントを扱う関数のすぐ上に配置できるデコレータを使用するのではなく) 。これはFlask (やStarlette) よりも、Djangoに近いです。これは、比較的緊密に結合されているものをコードの中で分離しています。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    モデルの属性の「デフォルト」値を使用したデータ型の追加バリデーションを定義します。これはエディタの補助を改善するもので、以前はPydanticでは利用できませんでした。
+
+    同様の方法でのバリデーションの宣言をサポートするよう、Pydanticを部分的にアップデートするインスピーレションを与えました。(現在はこれらの機能は全てPydanticで可能となっています。)
+
+### <a href="http://www.hug.rest/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Hug</a>
+
+Hugは、Pythonの型ヒントを利用してAPIパラメータの型宣言を実装した最初のフレームワークの1つです。これは素晴らしいアイデアで、他のツールが同じことをするきっかけとなりました。
+
+Hugは標準のPython型の代わりにカスタム型を宣言に使用していましたが、それでも大きな進歩でした。
+
+また、JSONでAPI全体を宣言するカスタムスキーマを生成した最初のフレームワークの1つでもあります。
+
+OpenAPIやJSON Schemaのような標準に基づいたものではありませんでした。そのため、Swagger UIのような他のツールと統合するのは簡単ではありませんでした。しかし、繰り返しになりますが、これは非常に革新的なアイデアでした。
+
+同じフレームワークを使ってAPIとCLIを作成できる、面白く珍しい機能を持っています。
+
+以前のPythonの同期型Webフレームワーク標準 (WSGI) をベースにしているため、Websocketなどは扱えませんが、それでも高性能です。
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    HugはTimothy Crosleyにより作成されました。彼は<a href="https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort" class="external-link" target="_blank">`isort`</a>など、Pythonのファイル内のインポートの並び替えを自動的におこうなう素晴らしいツールの開発者です。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    HugはAPIStarに部分的なインスピレーションを与えており、私が発見した中ではAPIStarと同様に最も期待の持てるツールの一つでした。
+
+    Hugは、**FastAPI**がPythonの型ヒントを用いてパラメータを宣言し自動的にAPIを定義するスキーマを生成することを触発しました。
+    
+    Hugは、**FastAPI**がヘッダーやクッキーを設定するために関数に `response`引数を宣言することにインスピレーションを与えました。
+
+### <a href="https://github.com/encode/apistar" class="external-link" target="_blank">APIStar</a> (<= 0.5)
+
+**FastAPI**を構築することを決める直前に、**APIStar**サーバーを見つけました。それは私が探していたものがほぼすべて含まれており、素晴らしいデザインでした。
+
+これは、私がこれまでに見た中で (NestJSやMoltenの前に) Pythonの型ヒントを使ってパラメータやリクエストを宣言するフレームワークの最初の実装の一つでした。Hugと多かれ少なかれ同時期に見つけました。ただ、APIStarはOpenAPI標準を使っていました。
+
+いくつかの場所で同じ型ヒントを元に、データの自動バリデーション、データのシリアライゼーション、OpenAPIスキーマの生成を行っていました。
+
+ボディのスキーマ定義にはPydanticのようなPythonの型ヒントは使われておらず、もう少しMarshmallowに似ていたので、エディタの補助はあまり良くないかもしれませんが、それでもAPIStarは利用可能な最良の選択肢でした。
+
+当時のベンチマークでは最高のパフォーマンスを発揮していました (Starletteのみが上回っていました) 。
+
+最初は自動的なAPIのドキュメント化のWeb UIを持っていませんでしたが、Swagger UIを追加できることはわかっていました。
+
+依存性注入の仕組みを持っていました。上記で説明した他のツールのようにコンポーネントの事前登録が必要でした。しかし、それでも素晴らしい機能でした。
+
+セキュリティの統合がなかったので、Flask-apispecを元にしたフルスタックジェネレータにあるすべての機能を置き換えることはできませんでした。私はその機能を追加するプルリクエストを作成するというプロジェクトのバックログを持っていました。
+
+しかし、その後、プロジェクトの焦点が変わりました。
+
+制作者はStarletteに集中する必要があったため、APIウェブフレームワークではなくなりました。
+
+今ではAPIStarはOpenAPI仕様を検証するためのツールセットであり、ウェブフレームワークではありません。
+
+!!! info "情報"
+    APIStarはTom Christieにより開発されました。以下の開発者でもあります:
+
+    * Django REST Framework
+    * Starlette (**FastAPI**のベースになっています)
+    * Uvicorn (Starletteや**FastAPI**で利用されています)
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**へ与えたインスピレーション"
+    存在そのもの。
+
+    複数の機能 (データのバリデーション、シリアライゼーション、ドキュメント化) を同じPython型で宣言し、同時に優れたエディタの補助を提供するというアイデアは、私にとって素晴らしいアイデアでした。
+
+    そして、長い間同じようなフレームワークを探し、多くの異なる代替ツールをテストした結果、APIStarが最良の選択肢となりました。
+
+    その後、APIStarはサーバーとして存在しなくなり、Starletteが作られ、そのようなシステムのための新しくより良い基盤となりました。これが**FastAPI**を構築するための最終的なインスピレーションでした。
+
+    私は、これまでのツールから学んだことをもとに、機能や型システムなどの部分を改善・拡充しながら、**FastAPI**をAPIStarの「精神的な後継者」と考えています。
+
+## **FastAPI**が利用しているもの
+
+### <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a>
+
+Pydanticは、Pythonの型ヒントを元にデータのバリデーション、シリアライゼーション、 (JSON Schemaを使用した) ドキュメントを定義するライブラリです。
+
+そのため、非常に直感的です。
+
+Marshmallowに匹敵しますが、ベンチマークではMarshmallowよりも高速です。また、Pythonの型ヒントを元にしているので、エディタの補助が素晴らしいです。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**での使用用途"
+    データのバリデーション、データのシリアライゼーション、自動的なモデルの (JSON Schemaに基づいた) ドキュメント化の全てを扱えます。
+
+    **FastAPI**はJSON SchemaのデータをOpenAPIに利用します。
+
+### <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a>
+
+Starletteは、軽量な<abbr title="非同期Python webを構築するための新標準">ASGI</abbr>フレームワーク/ツールキットで、高性能な非同期サービスの構築に最適です。
+
+非常にシンプルで直感的です。簡単に拡張できるように設計されており、モジュール化されたコンポーネントを持っています。
+
+以下のような特徴があります。
+
+* 非常に感動的な性能。
+* WebSocketのサポート。
+* GraphQLのサポート。
+* インプロセスのバックグラウンドタスク。
+* 起動およびシャットダウンイベント。
+* requestsに基づいて構築されたテストクライアント。
+* CORS、GZip、静的ファイル、ストリーミング応答。
+* セッションとクッキーのサポート。
+* 100%のテストカバレッジ。
+* 100%の型注釈付きコードベース。
+* ハードな依存関係はない。
+
+Starletteは、現在テストされているPythonフレームワークの中で最も速いフレームワークです。フレームワークではなくサーバーであるUvicornだけが上回っています。
+
+Starletteは基本的なWebマイクロフレームワークの機能をすべて提供します。
+
+しかし、自動的なデータバリデーション、シリアライゼーション、ドキュメント化は提供していません。
+
+これは **FastAPI** が追加する主な機能の一つで、すべての機能は Pythonの型ヒントに基づいています (Pydanticを使用しています) 。これに加えて、依存性注入の仕組み、セキュリティユーティリティ、OpenAPIスキーマ生成などがあります。
+
+!!! note "技術詳細"
+    ASGIはDjangoのコアチームメンバーにより開発された新しい「標準」です。まだ「Pythonの標準 (PEP) 」ではありませんが、現在そうなるように進めています。
+
+    しかしながら、いくつかのツールにおいてすでに「標準」として利用されています。このことは互換性を大きく改善するもので、Uvicornから他のASGIサーバー (DaphneやHypercorn) に乗り換えることができたり、あなたが`python-socketio`のようなASGI互換のツールを追加することもできます。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**での使用用途"
+    webに関するコアな部分を全て扱います。その上に機能を追加します。
+
+    `FastAPI`クラスそのものは、`Starlette`クラスを直接継承しています。
+
+    基本的にはStarletteの強化版であるため、Starletteで可能なことは**FastAPI**で直接可能です。
+
+### <a href="https://www.uvicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Uvicorn</a>
+
+Uvicornは非常に高速なASGIサーバーで、uvloopとhttptoolsにより構成されています。
+
+ウェブフレームワークではなくサーバーです。例えば、パスルーティングのツールは提供していません。それらは、Starlette (や**FastAPI**) のようなフレームワークがその上で提供するものです。
+
+Starletteや**FastAPI**のサーバーとして推奨されています。
+
+!!! check "**FastAPI**が推奨する理由"
+    **FastAPI**アプリケーションを実行するメインのウェブサーバーである点。
+
+    Gunicornと組み合わせることで、非同期でマルチプロセスなサーバーを持つことがきます。
+
+    詳細は[デプロイ](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}の項目で確認してください。
+
+## ベンチマーク と スピード
+
+Uvicorn、Starlette、FastAPIの違いを理解、比較、確認するには、[ベンチマーク](benchmarks.md){.internal-link target=_blank}を確認してください。

docs/ja/docs/async.md

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+# 並行処理と async / await
+
+*path operation 関数*のための `async def` に関する詳細と非同期 (asynchronous) コード、並行処理 (Concurrency)、そして、並列処理 (Parallelism) の背景について。
+
+## 急いでいますか？
+
+<abbr title="too long; didn't read (長すぎて読めない人のための要約という意味のスラング)"><strong>TL;DR:</strong></abbr>
+
+次のような、`await` を使用して呼び出すべきサードパーティライブラリを使用している場合:
+
+```Python
+results = await some_library()
+```
+
+以下の様に `async def` を使用して*path operation 関数*を宣言します。
+
+```Python hl_lines="2"
+@app.get('/')
+async def read_results():
+    results = await some_library()
+    return results
+```
+
+!!! note "備考"
+    `async def` を使用して作成された関数の内部でしか `await` は使用できません。
+
+---
+
+データベース、API、ファイルシステムなどと通信し、`await` の使用をサポートしていないサードパーティライブラリ (現在のほとんどのデータベースライブラリに当てはまります) を使用している場合、次の様に、単に `def` を使用して通常通り *path operation 関数* を宣言してください:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2"
+@app.get('/')
+def results():
+    results = some_library()
+    return results
+```
+
+---
+
+アプリケーションが (どういうわけか) 他の何とも通信せず、応答を待つ必要がない場合は、`async def` を使用して下さい。
+
+---
+
+よく分からない場合は、通常の `def` を使用して下さい。
+
+---
+
+**備考**: *path operation 関数*に必要なだけ `def` と `async def` を混在させ、それぞれに最適なオプションを使用して定義できます。それに応じてFastAPIは正しい処理を行います。
+
+とにかく、上記のいずれの場合でもFastAPIは非同期で動作し、非常に高速です。
+
+しかし、上記のステップに従うことで、パフォーマンスの最適化を行えます。
+
+## 技術詳細
+
+現代版のPythonは「**非同期コード**」を、「**コルーチン**」と称されるものを利用してサポートしています。これは **`async` と `await`** 構文を用います。
+
+次のセクションで、フレーズ内のパーツを順に見ていきましょう:
+
+* **非同期コード**
+* **`async` と `await`**
+* **コルーチン**
+
+## 非同期コード
+
+非同期コードとは、言語💬がコード内のどこかで、コンピュータ/プログラム🤖に *他の何か* がどこか別の箇所で終了するのを待つように伝える手段を持っていることを意味します。*他の何か* は「遅いファイル📝」と呼ばれているとしましょう.
+
+したがって、コンピュータは「遅いファイル📝」が終了するまで、他の処理ができます。
+
+コンピュータ/プログラム🤖は再び待機する機会があるときや、その時点で行っていたすべての作業が完了するたびに戻ってきます。そして、必要な処理をしながら、コンピュータ/プログラム🤖が待っていた処理のどれかが終わっているかどうか確認します。
+
+次に、それ🤖が最初のタスク (要するに、先程の「遅いファイル📝」)を終わらせて、そのタスクの結果を使う必要がある処理を続けます。
+
+この「他の何かを待つ」とは、通常以下の様なものを待つような (プロセッサとRAMメモリの速度に比べて) 相対的に「遅い」<abbr title="インプットとアウトプット">I/O</abbr> 操作を指します:
+
+* ネットワーク経由でクライアントから送信されるデータ
+* ネットワーク経由でクライアントが受信する、プログラムから送信されたデータ
+* システムによって読み取られ、プログラムに渡されるディスク内のファイル内容
+* プログラムがシステムに渡して、ディスクに書き込む内容
+* リモートAPI操作
+* データベース操作の完了
+* データベースクエリが結果を返すこと
+* など。
+
+実行時間のほとんどが<abbr title="インプットとアウトプット">I/O</abbr> 操作の待ち時間が占めるため、このような操作を「I/O バウンド」操作と言います。
+
+コンピュータ/プログラムがこのような遅いタスクと「同期 (タスクの結果を取得して作業を続行するために、何もせずに、タスクが完了する瞬間を正確に待つ)」する必要がないため、「非同期」と呼ばれます。
+
+その代わりに、「非同期」システムであることにより、いったん終了すると、タスクは、コンピュータ/プログラムが既に開始した処理がすべて完了するのをほんの少し (数マイクロ秒) 待って、結果を受け取りに戻ってきます。そして、処理を継続します。
+
+「同期」の場合 (「非同期」とは異なり)、「シーケンシャル」という用語もよく使用されます。これは、コンピュータ/プログラムがすべてのステップを (待機が伴う場合でも別のタスクに切り替えることなく) 順番に実行するためです。
+
+### 並行処理とハンバーガー
+
+上記の**非同期**コードのアイデアは、**「並行処理」**と呼ばれることもあります。 **「並列処理」**とは異なります。
+
+**並行処理**と**並列処理**はどちらも「多かれ少なかれ同時に発生するさまざまなこと」に関連しています。
+
+ただし、*並行処理*と*並列処理*の詳細はまったく異なります。
+
+違いを確認するには、ハンバーガーに関する次の物語を想像してみてください:
+
+### 並行ハンバーガー
+
+ファストフード🍔を食べようと、好きな人😍とレジに並んでおり、レジ係💁があなたの前にいる人達の注文を受けつけています。
+
+それからあなたの番になり、好きな人😍と自分のために、2つの非常に豪華なハンバーガー🍔を注文します。
+
+料金を支払います💸。
+
+レジ係💁はキッチンの男👨‍🍳に向かって、あなたのハンバーガー🍔を準備しなければならないと伝えるために何か言いました (彼は現在、前のお客さんの商品を準備していますが)。
+
+レジ係💁はあなたに番号札を渡します。
+
+待っている間、好きな人😍と一緒にテーブルを選んで座り、好きな人😍と長い間話をします (注文したハンバーガーは非常に豪華で、準備に少し時間がかかるので✨🍔✨)。
+
+ハンバーガー🍔を待ちながら好きな人😍とテーブルに座っている間、あなたの好きな人がなんて素晴らしく、かわいくて頭がいいんだと✨😍✨惚れ惚れしながら時間を費やすことができます。
+
+好きな人😍と話しながら待っている間、ときどき、カウンターに表示されている番号をチェックして、自分の番かどうかを確認します。
+
+その後、ついにあなたの番になりました。カウンターに行き、ハンバーガー🍔を手に入れてテーブルに戻ります。
+
+あなたとあなたの好きな人😍はハンバーガー🍔を食べて、楽しい時間を過ごします✨。
+
+---
+
+上記のストーリーで、あなたがコンピュータ/プログラム🤖だと想像してみてください。
+
+列にいる間、あなたはアイドル状態です😴。何も「生産的」なことをせず、ただ自分の番を待っています。しかし、レジ係💁は注文を受け取るだけなので (商品の準備をしているわけではない)、列は高速です。したがって、何も問題ありません。
+
+それから、あなたの番になったら、実に「生産的な」作業を行います🤓、メニューを確認し、欲しいものを決め、好きな人😍の欲しいものを聞き、料金を支払い💸、現金またはカードを正しく渡したか確認し、正しく清算されたことを確認し、注文が正しく通っているかなどを確認します。
+
+しかし、ハンバーガー🍔をまだできていないので、ハンバーガーの準備ができるまで待機🕙する必要があるため、レジ係💁との作業は「一時停止⏸」になります。
+
+しかし、カウンターから離れて、番号札を持ってテーブルに座っているときは、注意を好きな人😍に切り替えて🔀、その上で「仕事⏯🤓」を行なえます。その後、好きな人😍といちゃつくかのような、非常に「生産的な🤓」ことを再び行います。
+
+次に、レジ係💁は、「ハンバーガーの準備ができました🍔」と言って、カウンターのディスプレイに番号を表示しますが、表示番号があなたの番号に変わっても、すぐに狂ったように飛んで行くようなことはありません。あなたは自分の番号札を持っていって、他の人も自分の番号札があるので、あなたのハンバーガー🍔を盗む人がいないことは知っています。
+
+なので、あなたは好きな人😍が話し終えるのを待って (現在の仕事⏯ / 処理中のタスクを終了します🤓)、優しく微笑んで、ハンバーガーを貰ってくるねと言います⏸。
+
+次に、カウンターへ、いまから完了する最初のタスク⏯へ向かい、ハンバーガー🍔を受け取り、感謝の意を表して、テーブルに持っていきます。これで、カウンターとのやり取りのステップ/タスクが完了しました⏹。これにより、「ハンバーガーを食べる🔀⏯」という新しいタスクが作成されます。しかし、前の「ハンバーガーを取得する」というタスクは終了しました⏹。
+
+### 並列ハンバーガー
+
+これらが「並行ハンバーガー」ではなく、「並列ハンバーガー」であるとしましょう。
+
+あなたは好きな人😍と並列ファストフード🍔を買おうとしています。
+
+列に並んでいますが、何人かの料理人兼、レジ係 (8人としましょう) 👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳があなたの前にいる人達の注文を受けつけています。
+
+8人のレジ係がそれぞれ自分で注文を受けるや否や、次の注文を受ける前にハンバーガーを準備するので、あなたの前の人達はカウンターを離れずに、ハンバーガー🍔ができるのを待っています🕙。
+
+それからいよいよあなたの番になり、好きな人😍と自分のために、2つの非常に豪華なハンバーガー🍔を注文します。
+
+料金を支払います💸。
+
+レジ係はキッチンに行きます👨‍🍳。
+
+あなたはカウンターの前に立って待ちます🕙。番号札がないので誰もあなたよりも先にハンバーガー🍔を取らないようにします。
+
+あなたと好きな人😍は忙しいので、誰もあなたの前に来させませんし、あなたのハンバーガーが到着したとき🕙に誰にも取ることを許しません。あなたは好きな人に注意を払えません😞。
+
+これは「同期」作業であり、レジ係/料理人👨‍🍳と「同期」します。レジ係/料理人👨‍🍳がハンバーガー🍔を完成させてあなたに渡すまで待つ🕙必要があり、ちょうどその完成の瞬間にそこにいる必要があります。そうでなければ、他の誰かに取られるかもしれません。
+
+その後、カウンターの前で長い時間待ってから🕙、ついにレジ係/料理人👨‍🍳がハンバーガー🍔を渡しに戻ってきます。
+
+ハンバーガー🍔を取り、好きな人😍とテーブルに行きます。
+
+ただ食べるだけ、それでおしまいです。🍔⏹。
+
+ほとんどの時間、カウンターの前で待つのに費やされていたので🕙、あまり話したりいちゃつくことはありませんでした😞。
+
+---
+
+この並列ハンバーガーのシナリオでは、あなたは2つのプロセッサを備えたコンピュータ/プログラム🤖 (あなたとあなたの好きな人😍) であり、両方とも待機🕙していて、彼らは「カウンターで待機🕙」することに専念しています⏯。
+
+ファストフード店には8つのプロセッサ (レジ係/料理人) 👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳があります。一方、並行ハンバーガー店には2人 (レジ係と料理人) 💁👨‍🍳しかいなかったかもしれません。
+
+しかし、それでも、最終的な体験は最高ではありません😞。
+
+---
+
+これは、ハンバーガー🍔の話と同等な話になります。
+
+より「現実的な」例として、銀行を想像してみてください。
+
+最近まで、ほとんどの銀行は複数の窓口👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼に、行列🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙ができていました。
+
+すべての窓口で、次々と、一人の客とすべての作業を行います👨‍💼⏯.
+
+その上、長時間、列に並ばなければいけません🕙。そうしないと、順番が回ってきません。
+
+銀行🏦での用事にあなたの好きな人😍を連れて行きたくはないでしょう。
+
+### ハンバーガーのまとめ
+
+この「好きな人とのファストフードハンバーガー」のシナリオでは、待機🕙が多いため、並行システム⏸🔀⏯を使用する方がはるかに理にかなっています。
+
+これは、ほとんどのWebアプリケーションに当てはまります。
+
+多くのユーザーがいますが、サーバーは、あまり強くない回線でのリクエストの送信を待機🕙しています。
+
+そして、レスポンスが返ってくるのをもう一度待機🕙します。
+
+この「待機🕙」はマイクロ秒単位ですが、それでも、すべて合算すると、最終的にはかなり待機することになります。
+
+これが、Web APIへの非同期⏸🔀⏯コードの利用が理にかなっている理由です。
+
+ほとんどの既存の人気のあるPythonフレームワーク (FlaskやDjangoを含む) は、Pythonの新しい非同期機能ができる前に作成されました。したがって、それらをデプロイする方法は、並列実行と、新機能ほど強力ではない古い形式の非同期実行をサポートします。
+
+しかし、WebSocketのサポートを追加するために、非同期Web Python (ASGI) の主な仕様はDjangoで開発されました。
+
+そのような非同期性がNodeJSを人気にした理由です (NodeJSは並列ではありませんが)。そして、プログラミング言語としてのGoの強みでもあります。
+
+そして、それは**FastAPI**で得られるパフォーマンスと同じレベルです。
+
+また、並列処理と非同期処理を同時に実行できるため、テスト済みのほとんどのNodeJSフレームワークよりも高く、Goと同等のパフォーマンスが得られます。Goは、Cに近いコンパイル言語です <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r17&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijmkf-1" class="external-link" target="_blank">(Starletteに感謝します)</a>。
+
+### 並行は並列よりも優れていますか？
+
+いや！それはこの話の教訓ではありません。
+
+並行処理は並列処理とは異なります。多くの待機を伴う**特定の**シナリオに適しています。そのため、一般に、Webアプリケーション開発では並列処理よりもはるかに優れています。しかし、すべてに対してより良いというわけではありません。
+
+なので、バランスをとるために、次の物語を想像して下さい:
+
+> あなたは大きくて汚れた家を掃除する必要があります。
+
+*はい、以上です*。
+
+---
+
+待機🕙せず、家の中の複数の場所でたくさんの仕事をするだけです。
+
+あなたはハンバーガーの例のように、最初はリビングルーム、次にキッチンのように順番にやっていくことができますが、何かを待機🕙しているわけではなく、ただひたすらに掃除をするだけで、順番は何にも影響しません。
+
+順番の有無に関係なく (並行に) 同じ時間がかかり、同じ量の作業が行われることになるでしょう。
+
+しかし、この場合、8人の元レジ係/料理人/現役清掃員👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳👨‍🍳を手配できて、それぞれ (さらにあなたも) が家の別々の場所を掃除できれば、追加の助けを借りて、すべての作業を**並列**に行い、はるかに早く終了できるでしょう。
+
+このシナリオでは、清掃員 (あなたを含む) のそれぞれがプロセッサとなり、それぞれの役割を果たします。
+
+また、実行時間のほとんどは (待機ではなく) 実際の作業に費やされ、コンピュータでの作業は<abbr title="Central Processing Unit">CPU</abbr>によって行われます。これらの問題は「CPUバウンド」と言います。
+
+---
+
+CPUバウンド操作の一般的な例は、複雑な数学処理が必要なものです。
+
+例えば:
+
+* **オーディオ** や **画像処理**。
+* **コンピュータビジョン**: 画像は数百万のピクセルで構成され、各ピクセルには3つの値/色があり、通常、これらのピクセルで何かを同時に計算する必要がある処理。
+* **機械学習**: 通常、多くの「行列」と「ベクトル」の乗算が必要です。巨大なスプレッドシートに数字を入れて、それを同時に全部掛け合わせることを考えてみてください。
+* **ディープラーニング**: これは機械学習のサブフィールドであるため、同じことが当てはまります。乗算する数字がある単一のスプレッドシートではなく、それらの膨大な集合で、多くの場合、それらのモデルを構築および/または使用するために特別なプロセッサを使用します。
+
+### 並行処理 + 並列処理: Web + 機械学習
+
+**FastAPI**を使用すると、Web開発で非常に一般的な並行処理 (NodeJSの主な魅力と同じもの) を利用できます。
+
+ただし、機械学習システムのような **CPUバウンド** ワークロードに対して、並列処理とマルチプロセッシング (複数のプロセスが並列で実行される) の利点を活用することもできます。
+
+さらに、Pythonが**データサイエンス**、機械学習、特にディープラーニングの主要言語であるという単純な事実により、FastAPIはデータサイエンス/機械学習のWeb APIおよびアプリケーション (他の多くのアプリケーションとの) に非常によく適合しています。
+
+本番環境でこの並列処理を実現する方法については、[デプロイ](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}に関するセクションを参照してください。
+
+## `async` と `await`
+
+現代的なバージョンのPythonには、非同期コードを定義する非常に直感的な方法があります。これにより、通常の「シーケンシャル」コードのように見え、適切なタイミングで「待機」します。
+
+結果を返す前に待機する必要があり、これらの新しいPython機能をサポートする操作がある場合は、次のようにコーディングできます。
+
+```Python
+burgers = await get_burgers(2)
+```
+
+カギは `await` です。結果を `burgers`に保存する前に、`get_burgers(2)`の処理🕙の完了を待つ⏸必要があることをPythonに伝えます。これでPythonは、その間に (別のリクエストを受信するなど) 何か他のことができる🔀⏯ことを知ります。
+
+`await` が機能するためには、非同期処理をサポートする関数内にある必要があります。これは、`async def` で関数を宣言するだけでよいです:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+async def get_burgers(number: int):
+    # ハンバーガーを作成するために非同期処理を実行
+    return burgers
+```
+
+...`def` のかわりに:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2"
+# 非同期ではない
+def get_sequential_burgers(number: int):
+    # ハンバーガーを作成するためにシーケンシャルな処理を実行
+    return burgers
+```
+`async def` を使用すると、Pythonにその関数内で `await` 式 (その関数の実行を「一時停止⏸」し、結果が戻るまで他の何かを実行🔀する) を認識しなければならないと伝えることができます。
+
+`async def` 関数を呼び出すときは、「await」しなければなりません。したがって、これは機能しません:
+
+```Python
+# get_burgersはasync defで定義されているので動作しない
+burgers = get_burgers(2)
+```
+
+---
+
+したがって、 `await` で呼び出すことができるライブラリを使用している場合は、次のように `async def` を使用して、それを使用する*path operation 関数*を作成する必要があります:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2-3"
+@app.get('/burgers')
+async def read_burgers():
+    burgers = await get_burgers(2)
+    return burgers
+```
+
+### より発展的な技術詳細
+
+`await` は `async def` で定義された関数内でのみ使用できることがわかったかと思います。
+
+しかし同時に、`async def` で定義された関数は「awaitされる」必要があります。なので、`async def` を持つ関数は、`async def` で定義された関数内でのみ呼び出せます。
+
+では、このニワトリと卵の問題について、最初の `async` 関数をどのように呼び出すのでしょうか？
+
+**FastAPI**を使用している場合、その「最初の」関数が*path operation 関数*であり、FastAPIが正しく実行する方法を知っているので、心配する必要はありません。
+
+しかし、FastAPI以外で `async` / `await` を使用したい場合は、<a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#coroutine" class="external-link" target="_blank">公式Pythonドキュメントを参照して下さい</a>。
+
+### 非同期コードの他の形式
+
+`async` と `await` を使用するスタイルは、この言語では比較的新しいものです。
+
+非同期コードの操作がはるかに簡単になります。
+
+等価な (またはほとんど同一の) 構文が、最近のバージョンのJavaScript (ブラウザおよびNodeJS) にも最近組み込まれました。
+
+しかし、その前は、非同期コードの処理はかなり複雑で難解でした。
+
+以前のバージョンのPythonでは、スレッドや<a href="https://www.gevent.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Gevent</a>が利用できました。しかし、コードは理解、デバック、そして、考察がはるかに複雑です。
+
+以前のバージョンのNodeJS / ブラウザJavaScriptでは、「コールバック」を使用していました。これは、<a href="http://callbackhell.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">コールバック地獄</a>につながります。
+
+## コルーチン
+
+**コルーチン**は、`async def` 関数によって返されるものを指す非常に洒落た用語です。これは、開始できて、いつか終了する関数のようなものであるが、内部に `await` があるときは内部的に一時停止⏸されることもあるものだとPythonは認識しています。
+
+`async` と `await` を用いた非同期コードを使用するすべての機能は、「コルーチン」を使用するものとして何度もまとめられています。Goの主要機能である「ゴルーチン」に相当します。
+
+## まとめ
+
+上述したフレーズを見てみましょう:
+
+> 現代版のPythonは「**非同期コード**」を、「**コルーチン**」と称されるものを利用してサポートしています。これは **`async` と `await`** 構文を用います。
+
+今では、この意味がより理解できるはずです。✨
+
+(Starletteを介して) FastAPIに力を与えて、印象的なパフォーマンスを実現しているものはこれがすべてです。
+
+## 非常に発展的な技術的詳細
+
+!!! warning "注意"
+    恐らくスキップしても良いでしょう。
+
+    この部分は**FastAPI**の仕組みに関する非常に技術的な詳細です。
+
+    かなりの技術知識 (コルーチン、スレッド、ブロッキングなど) があり、FastAPIが `async def` と通常の `def` をどのように処理するか知りたい場合は、先に進んでください。
+    
+### Path operation 関数
+
+*path operation 関数*を `async def` の代わりに通常の `def` で宣言すると、(サーバーをブロックするので) 直接呼び出す代わりに外部スレッドプール (awaitされる) で実行されます。
+
+上記の方法と違った方法の別の非同期フレームワークから来ており、小さなパフォーマンス向上 (約100ナノ秒) のために通常の `def` を使用して些細な演算のみ行う *path operation 関数* を定義するのに慣れている場合は、**FastAPI**ではまったく逆の効果になることに注意してください。このような場合、*path operation 関数* がブロッキング<abbr title="入力/出力: ディスクの読み取りまたは書き込み、ネットワーク通信。">I/O</abbr>を実行しないのであれば、`async def` の使用をお勧めします。
+
+それでも、どちらの状況でも、**FastAPI**が過去のフレームワークよりも (またはそれに匹敵するほど) [高速になる](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank}可能性があります。
+
+### 依存関係
+
+依存関係についても同様です。依存関係が `async def` ではなく標準の `def` 関数である場合、外部スレッドプールで実行されます。
+
+### サブ依存関係
+
+(関数定義のパラメーターとして) 相互に必要な複数の依存関係とサブ依存関係を設定できます。一部は `async def` で作成され、他の一部は通常の `def` で作成されます。それでも動作し、通常の `def`で作成されたものは、「awaitされる」代わりに (スレッドプールから) 外部スレッドで呼び出されます。
+
+### その他のユーティリティ関数
+
+あなたが直接呼び出すユーティリティ関数は通常の `def` または `async def` で作成でき、FastAPIは呼び出す方法に影響を与えません。
+
+これは、FastAPIが呼び出す関数と対照的です: *path operation 関数*と依存関係。
+
+ユーティリティ関数が `def` を使用した通常の関数である場合、スレッドプールではなく直接 (コードで記述したとおりに) 呼び出されます。関数が `async def` を使用して作成されている場合は、呼び出す際に `await` する必要があります。
+
+---
+
+繰り返しになりますが、これらは非常に技術的な詳細であり、検索して辿り着いた場合は役立つでしょう。
+
+それ以外の場合は、上記のセクションのガイドラインで問題ないはずです: <a href="#in-a-hurry">急いでいますか？</a>。